[Victory : Official Weekly Bulletin of the Agencies in the Office for Emergency Management. V. 3, No. 17]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

VICTORY
OFFICIAL WEEKLY BULLETIN OF THE AGENCIES IN THE OFFICE FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
WASHINGTON, D. C.
APRIL 28, 1942
VOLUME 3, NUMBER 17
IN THIS ISSUE
Review of the Week------------ 2
On the Home Front_____________ 8
PRICE ADMINISTRATION
Blanket ceiling on exports--—	4
Cotton textiles--------------- 6
Chinaware_____________________ 7
LABOR Membership maintenance------ 10
INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS
Telephones for vital needs____ 12
Fishing tackle goes to war____ 14
Radio plants converting------- 16
Cloth mills told to change over—	17
Priority Actions_____________ 18
RATIONING
Sugar_________________________22
Tires________________________ 24
TRANSPORTATION
War trucking program ordered__28
Gasoline rationing begins May 15 in East; cards to be given out May 12-14
Acting on information supplied by Petroleum Coordinator Ickes and at the direction of the War Production Board, Price Administrator Henderson on April 23 announced that a temporary plan for rationing gasoline in 17 eastern States and the District of Columbia would be Instituted May 15.
This plan, designed to meet the immediate emergency in the eastern States affected by the recent gasoline limitation order of the Office of Petroleum Coordinator, is an interim plan, which will probably operate only until July 1, when it is planned to institute a more elaborate and comprehensive coupon rationing system. The amount of gasoline that a user may receive under the plan will be announced before May 15.
The States where gasoline will be rationed under the interim plan are: Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia.
To assure fair distribution
The plan, the administrator pointed out, was adopted to assure the public of fair distribution of- the curtailed supplies of gasoline under the new limitation order, which reduces deliveries to gasoline retailers by 3354 percent.
“The petroleum shortage in the East
arises, not from a scarcity of crude or from refinery facilities, but from a lack of transportation means,” Mr. Henderson said. “Normally more than 90 percent of the 1,500,000 barrels of petroleum products we consume daily in the East is brought in by tanker. Since -the start of the war many tankers have been sunk by enemy submarine action, and sinkings continue. At the same time the Army and Navy, preparing for offensive action at the earliest possible moment, need every tanker that can be pressed into military service.
Industries must have oil
“There is also an ever growing demand for petroleum products on the home front, and every gallon that comes in to any area must be wisely used. Industries, thousands of which are located in the Eastern States, must have oil, or their production of war materials will stop. Gasoline must be used to get workers employed in those factories to work, or war production again will be hampered. Then there are many other types of gasoline users—the doctor, the nurse, the commercial driver—who need gasoline to carry on activities regarded as essential to civilian efficiency under war economy.
Registration days for obtaining gasoline rationing cards will be May 12, 13, and 14. The registration sites and hours (.Continued on page 26)
100 MORE PLANTS ORGANIZE FOR TOTAL PRODUCTION—Page 9
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April 28, 1942
Review of the Week
So many tank ships have been sunk by the Axis or diverted to the uses of war that it is no longer possible to move enough gasoline to the East Coast for all needs, the Government announced last week. Motor fuel will be rationed to individual consumers, beginning May 15, under the authority of the Office of Price Administration.
Sugar rationing details
OPA also issued an order setting forth the details of sugar rationing for trade, industrial, and institutional users; and for individual consumers, who will register on May 4, 5, 6, and 7. An allotment of not more than 5 pounds a year per person was announced for home canning. OPA warned, moreover, that an acute shortage of sugar would develop in the Northeast unless wholesalers and industrial users took advantage of supplies of beet sugar.
May quotas allowed passenger cars fewer new tires, but an increase in recapped tires boosted the combined total to a higher figure than for April. OPA authorized a 16-percent increase in prices of new tires and tubes, to cover the cost of the plan whereby overstocked dealers turned supplies over to the Defense Supplies Corporation. Emergency reserves of tires were made available to longdistance bus and truck operators.
Blanket ceiling for export prices
Also last week, OPA advanced into the field of blanket price regulation by applying an over-all ceiling to exports. At home, OPA established maximum prices that may be charged for hundreds of china and pottery articles; extended its control over textiles to cover practically every product of the cotton textile industry; put a temporary ceiling over oil paints and varnishes, and a permanent ceiling over silk waste, now used only for military purposes.
Moving into still another phase of civil 'life, the War Production Board ordered that military and essential needs be given preference in installation of tele
phones. Operators of the country’s biggest network estimated the restrictions would result in denial of about 200,000 applications for main-line residential service this year.
Sewing-machine output to stop
WPB also called a halt to production of sewing machines June 15, with limited output in the meantime; shut off metals, cork, and plastics for noncommercial fishing tackle; restricted deliveries of iron and steel products to orders with high preference ratings; instructed the cotton textile Industry to convert a large part of its capacity from such civilian products as clothing fabric to military items like bag osnaburg and bag sheeting; directed a quick end to manufacture of farm machinery (except combines) requiring rubber tires; reduced the amount of elastic fabric that may be used in foundation garments; extended limitations on delivery of natural and mixed gas into parts of six States; and stopped the use of benzene in motor fuel because it is a necessary ingredient of synthetic rubber.
Materials needed for repairs to air conditioning and refrigeration equipment were granted high preference ratings. Preference ratings were also used to make sure that machinery is kept in good running order to meet demands for dairy products.
Meanwhile, WPB delved into another source for nickel, urgently needed for armor plate and other components of fighting machines. Under a new order, all scrap containing nickel is to be segregated, and melted only for authorized uses.
16,000 doctors sought
Now under the new War Manpower Commission, the Procurement and Assignment Service for Physicians, , Dentists, arid Veterinarians sent out a questionnaire designed to find 16,000 physicians and 3,000 dentists who can be called to duty with the Armed Services this year without disrupting care of the public’s health.
Planned use of networks to give information
is announced by OFF
America’s 30 million radio-listening families are scheduled for a better planned fare of Government information from now .on, the Office of Facts and Figures said last week. “Fewer announcements, but better timing and planning of those which are made is the keynote of the new plan,” according to Archibald MacLeish, director of OFF, which has been designated by President Roosevelt as coordinator of Government radio broadcasts.
Under the OFF plan, each night-time program on the networks will carry a Government announcement once every 4 weeks; each daytime serial program on the networks will present an announcement once in 2 weeks. Information from the Government will include such topics as purchase of War Bonds, pooling of cars, salvage of rubber, conservation of oil and gasoline, and recruiting. No definite allocation plan is provided for local station programs, but the station program managers will be provided every 2 weeks with a “Radio War Guide” classifying Government messages in order of their importance.
The OFF plan will not affect news broadcast, public forums, or speeches by Government officials.
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TRADE DELIVERIES OF SUGAR
Price Administrator Henderson announced April 24 that trade deliveries of sugar on and after April 28 must conform to the regulations in Rationing Order No. 3, even if contracted for beforehand.
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WAR EFFORT’S PROGRESS TOLD VISUALLY
The charts appearing every week on the front cover of Victory tell the story of America’s battle as it is fought here at home. One-column mats are available for publication by newspapers and others who may desire them. Requests should be sent to Distribution Section, Division of Information, OEM, Washington, D. C.
VICTORY
OFFICIAL BULLETIN of the Office for Emergency Management. Published weekly by the Division of Information, Office for Emergency Management, and printed at the United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. O.
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April 28, 1942
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3
On the Home Front
The tinkling tunes of peace are lost in the swelling symphony of war. Time was when our war effort touched only a few people here and there, when War Production Board orders affecting our daily lives were few, when rationing was a possibility of the future, when all of us wondered what would be the nature and the extent of our contribution to victory.
That time is past. These days the orders to the home front come thick and fast as the war machine gathers momentum and speed. Now we are aware that we must mobilize our total manpower in order to defeat the Axis, and we know that upon all of us devolve specific duties—above everything the duty to avoid waste, to save, to channel every possible iota of energy into this fight for freedom.
There’ve been some changes made
Last week saw gasoline rationing a certainty for 17 States on the Eastern Seaboard and the District of Columbia. It found the Office of Price Administration preparing to meet this emergency and at the same time proceeding with the program for the Nation-wide sugar rationing registration which takes place this week. The week brought a general order by the Office of Defense Transportation cutting local delivery services to save tires, and saw strict WPB controls established which mean some 200,000 persons won’t be able to get main line telephone installations this year.
Add these developments to the others which have taken place in recent months—orders which have altered our dress to save cloth and stopped production of radios and refrigerators and vacuum cleaners and more than a hundred other products—and you realize that the home front has been stripped down to a fighting front.
A seaman or your Sunday spin?
The reasons for rationing gasoline along the Eastern Seaboard are obvious. Tankers which used to bring gasoline from the Gulf and from the Southwest have been sunk by the Nazis, others have been diverted to direct war service. American sailors have lost their lives trying to bring in gasoline needed for war, no one would ask that such lives be risked to preserve motoring-as-usual. And motoring as usual will be impossible, in those States, from about May 15 on. To the patriotic citizen, for that matter,
motoring as usual already has ended all over the Nation—to save rubber.
The growing rubber shortage led the ODT last week to issue its general order cutting local delivery services to a single delivery to any one person on a single day, and local carriers now are required to keep mileage records. And ODT also ordered the trucking industry to haul capacity loads over direct routes in order to get the most out of their tires. OPA’s tire quotas for May make fewer new tires
REPRINTING PERMISSIBLE
Requests have been received for permission to reprint “On the Home Front” in whole or in part. This column, like all other material in Victory, may be reprinted without special permission. If excerpts are used, the editors ask only that they be taken in such a way that their original meaning is preserved.
available than in April but allocate more rubber for tire repair.
Day by day our compulsion to save rubber increases and also the compulsion upon every householder to get every bit of scrap rubber out of the home or the garage, the barn or the attic or the alley, and back to the reclaiming plants.
Beer caps or ships?
Last Week brought several additional WPB orders indirectly affecting the home front of the same type as those orders of the week before which cut the output of phonograph records and foreshadowed a rougher finish on playing cards—orders which underline the manner in which we are scraping the bottom of the materials barrel to meet the needs of war.
One of these new orders restricts manufacture of what ate called, “crown” caps for beer and other beverage bottles, to save steel and cork. Enough steel was used in making crown caps during 1941 to have made more than 30 “ugly duckling” merchant freighters. And still another order directs manufacturers of fishing tackle to stop using metals, plastics, and cork after May 31 in making, noncommercial fishing tackle. Since almost all fishing tackle involves use of these materials, the order means the virtual end of such manufacture until after the war. There’s easily a year’s supply of fishing tackle, however, in the stores.
The time may come when we shall have to ration travel. ODT director
Joseph B. Eastman,last week issued an appeal urging that vacationists travel during the middle of the week whenever possible . . . OPA continues its drive to prevent inflation, and today practically every product of the cotton textile industry is under price ceiling . . . Prices are rising because the war gives us more money to spend—and less and less to spend it on as materials and machines and manpower work increasingly for war . . . WPB has reduced still further the amount of efastic fabric which may be used in corsets, girdles, combinations, brassieres . . .
Doctors in demand
WPB has stopped use of benzene as a motor fuel . . . It’s needed now to make synthetic rubber . . . The War Manpower Commission announces that the armed forces want 16,000 additional physicians, 3,000 more dentists, before the end of 1942 ... Traffic accidents in 1941 are reported to have caused enough lost man-hours in industry to have built 26 battleships . . . Drive slowly and save your tires ... A New England firm that turned from making horse blankets to manufacture of auto upholstery now is turning out woolen cloth for uniforms and canvas for army tents . . . WPB has ordered the radio industry to discontinue manufacture of 349 types of tubes for civilian use . . . But they’re duplicate, obsolete, or small-demand types . . . WPB has added n achinery for laundries and dry-cleaning establishments to the list of things on which production must stop . . . OPA warns women that they’d better save the zippers when they rip that old slip into dust cloths . . . And that if your stove, furnace, or boiler needs repairs you’d better have them made now . . . You may not be able to get the parts later on ... A scarcity of sugar threatens part of the Northeastern United States unless wholesalers and industrial users take advantage of available beet-sugar supplies, OPA warns . . . WPB’s Bureau of Industrial Conservation is asking America's mayors to start local drives for spring salvage of rags, metals, and rubber . . .
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How’s that, again?
“The recent U. S. edict against cuffs on trousers in war time shows the decay of American liberty, because it took away from the male the symbol of domination •and the right of freedom.” (Tokyo broadcast recorded by FCC and reported by OFF.)
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April 28, 1942
PRICE ADMINISTRATION ...
OPA sets blanket ceiling for profits on all goods sold for export
Maximum prices over all commodities and products sold for export were established April 26 by Price Administrator Henderson.z
The new order—titled “Maximum Export Price Regulation”—becomes effective April 30. It was formulated by OPA in cooperation with the Board of Economic Warfare and the Department of State. Its provisions apply to all export sales, regardless cf whether or not the commodity or product is under an OPA ceiling schedule or regulation, and override all provisions of existing OPA orders that are in conflict with its terms.
An export sale, in the language of the regulation, is a sale of any commodity or product for export to any place outside the territorial limits of the United States—the 48 States and the District of Columbia.
While the new regulation cuts across all outstanding contracts of sale or purchase it does not disturb prices involved in any export made under a validly outstanding export license issued by the Board of Economic Warfare prior to April 30, 1942.
Briefly, the new order provides that the export price of any commodity shall be the cost of acquisition by the exporter plus the average premium charged in the export trade on a similar transaction during July 1 -December 31, 1940, or March 1-April 15,1942, whichever period yields the lower average premium. In addition, the exporter may add an amount sufficient to compensate him for expenses, such as war risk insurance, consular fees, demurrage charges, and shipping charges. Manufacturers or producers who export directly can similarly add the lower of the two average premiums and the export expenses to their domestic price for the product or commodity exported.
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Makers of steel screen cloth may raise prices 5 percent
An amendment to Revised Price Schedule No. 6 (Iron and Steel Products) permitting an increase of about 5 per-cent in manufacturers’ prices for steel screen cloth was announced April 22 by Price Administrator Henderson.
OPA acts to ease movement of sugar
In order to facilitate the movement of offshore fine granulated sugar and domestic beet sugar into abnormal sales areas, Price Administrator Leon Henderson has granted two requests made by the Defense Supplies Corporation:
(1)	To allow such sugars to be sold below the $5.60 per hundred pound maximum selling price in 10 Northeastern States without the necessity of the seller still being forced to pay DSC the full difference between $5.60 and, for example, the $5.35 beet ceiling price allowed in Revised Price Schedule No. 60.
(2)	To establish another area in which domestic beet sugar now may sell at a higher price. New States included—in order to conform to zone requirements set up recently by the War Production Board—are Maryland, Virginia, and West Vir- . ginia, as well as the District of Columbia. Sellers may merchandise this sugar at as high as $5.45, but must turn over to the DSC the difference between $5.35—the beet ceiling under the schedule—and $5.45 in partial payment of the DSC’s excess freight costs for shipping to outlying districts, if they sell at such higher prices.
Passenger car tire price increase of 16 percent allowed to cover cost of return plan
Permission for price increases to cover the cost of the Government’s tire return plan, (see Victory, Mar. 3) which was set up to check “bootlegging” and to relieve retailers and jobbers of the financial burden of carrying large stocks in a shrunken market, was given April 23 by Price Administrator Henderson.
Maximum retail prices for new tires and tubes of passenger car sizes are increased 16 percent by Amendment No. 1 to Revised Price Schedule No. 63, effective April 25. Manufacturers and mass distributors will be permitted to advance their wholesale prices by the actual dollar amounts of the 16 percent increases in the retail ceilings. They have been notified that the voluntary maximum price agreement with the OPA has been relaxed to allow for the advances to take place April 25.
Truck tires not affected
The price adjustments were made on the basis of preliminary calculations of the cost of the return plan, and it is expected that other minor adjustments will be necessary later when complete information as to costs becomes available.
As truck tires were not included in the return plan, no price adjustment is necessary for them.
The price increases permitted apply not alone on tires that were sold upstream in the return plan, but also to all tires sold to the Defense Supplies Corporation by manufacturers and mass distributors, since the Office of Price Administration spread the cost of the plan over all passenger car tires in the hands of manufacturers and mass distributors.
Applies to tires still held
Moreover, dealers who did not return all their tires and tubes and still have some in inventory are permitted to charge the full 16 percent increase on them as well as on any they purchase for resale from now on.
All retailers of tires must post by May 4, 1942, in a conspicuous place in each retail establishment, the amounts added to the maximum prices on new passenger car tires and tubes on April 25.
April 28, 1942
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Use beet sugar or face shortage, Northeast warned
An acute shortage in the supply of sugar in the scarcity areas of Northeastern United States is threatened unless wholesalers and industrial users move quickly to take advantage of supplies of beet sugar now being offered to them, Price Administrator Henderson said on April 23.
Formal sugar rsttioning, which goes into effect April 28, will create a heavy demand in these areas. Mr. Henderson urged wholesalers and industrial users to begin buying immediately in anticipation of May quotas, as permitted by WPB Order No. M-55-h. The amount
Cartoon by Dr. Seuss for OEM. Three-column mats available for publication, on request to Distribution Section, Division of Information, OEM, 2743 Temporary R, Washington, D. C.
that buyers are allowed under the order is 50 percent of their May 1941 usage. Beet sugar processors have already been authorized by the Government to begin sales in the scarcity areas.
The offer of beet sugar will continue for an indefinite period. Large quantities of beet sugar must'be moved into the Northeast to meet the anticipated demand.
Until sufficient beet sugar is moved into the scarcity areas, no other sugars will be made available.
Rise allowed in coastwise rate on coal from 2 cities
In order to cover higher wartime operating expenses, the War Shipping Administration on April 17 authorized increased surcharges for the coastwise transportation of coal in bulk from Hampton Roads and Philadelphia to ports in the north Atlantic area.
To the basic freight rates, the War Shipping Administration has allowed the addition of a maximum surcharge of $1.70 per gross ton for vessels using the “outside route,” and $1.35 per gross ton for vessels using the “inside route.”
The new rate is effective on sailings on and after April 1,1942.
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April 28, 1942
Nearly every product of cotton textile industry now under ceilings as OP A covers carded grey and finished goods
Practically very product of the cotton textile industry will now be under OPA price ceilings as a result of a move April 24 by Price Administrator Henderson extending maximum price regulations to all types of carded grey and finished cotton goods not previously covered by schedules.
The April 24 action, which becomes effective May 4, 1942, under the provisions of Maximum Price Regulation No. 118, covers chiefly manufacturers’ sales of “cotton products” and provides a method for determining ceiling prices for many special constructions of textile merchandise prepared by large cotton mills for consumers. Wholesalers, jobbers and retailers who perform their normal service are exempt from the provisions.
Action brings prices down
The regulation, in effect, establishes maximum prices for “cotton products” at considerably lower levels than the present market and brings them substantially into line with cotton yarn and textile prices already under ceilings. Some combed cotton goods are not yet subject to OPA regulation.
“It is now apparent that ceilings must be extended to cover virtually the entire cotton textile field,” declared Mr. Henderson, in explaining the reasons for the new order. “With some cotton textiles subject to ceilings and others free to rise without any formal restriction, the price structure of the industry has become greatly distorted. On the one hand, prices of ceiling fabrics have remained stable, increasing only to the extent that the cotton market has advanced. Nonceiling goods have, on the other hand, continued to follow an inflationary trend. This has resulted in a tendency to shift looms to unregulated goods.”
Products brought under regulation by the order include such important finished textiles used by consumers as OMcets, towels, bedspreads, ginghams, table cloths and napkins, corduroys, diapers, cottonades, whipcords, flannels, and chambrays.
In addition, among the numerous “unfinished” goods covered are wide goods of 42 inches and over, industrial fabrics, ducks, shirting, twills and drills, sateens, gabardine and repps.
A “weighted average” base pricing period from July 21,1941, through August
15,	1941, inclusive is established. As in other cottpn textile and yarn schedules, the maximum prices are allowed to fluctuate in conformity with price changes in raw cotton.
“Cotton products” are defined to mean “products made on a loom and consisting basically of cotton, regardless of the extent to which, during the time when . . . title remains in the producer, they are finished, processed or fabricated.”
Certain exceptions to the definition of “cotton products” are set forth. These include products subject to any other maximum price regulation or schedule; products consisting of 50 percent or more by weight, after weaving and before any finishing or fabrication, of combed cotton yarn; garments; yarn-dyed or printed upholstery or drapery fabrics; gauze bandage, adhesive tape and related medical supplies; fabrics less than 6 inches in width; and woven tickings heavier than 4.95 yards per pound and not in weaves requiring a Jacquard loom.
Some products remain under 10
The April 24 cotton products regulation takes into consideration many products of “integrated” mills which combine in part or in whole the spinning, weaving, finishing and fabrication of goods such as towels, bedspreads and flannels.
However, finished piece goods of a character customarily finished and marketed in larger volume by independent converters and finishers than by integrated producers remain subject to Temporary Price Regulation No. 10 (Finished Piece Goods). The schedule directs persons desiring an opinion as to which 6f these schedules (Maximum Price Regulation No. 118 or Temporary Maximum Price Regulation No. 10) is applicable to their products to communicate in writing with the Office of Price Administration.
Inasmuch as a strict application of the regulation might result in a different ceiling price for each seller for the same product, the Administrator revealed that a list of weighted average market prices is being prepared by a representative group of cotton textile merchants.
Because of the time required to adjust the numerous textile prices to the new basis, the effective date of the regulation is not until May 4,1942.
Firm to sell dynamite glycerine to U. S. at cost
Harshaw Chemical Co., Cleveland, was authorized April 23 by Price Administrator Henderson to sell to the Treasury Procurement Division approximately 45 tons of dynamite glycerine at a price reflecting only cost, but nevertheless exceeding the maximum prices set by OPA Revised Price Schedule 38.
Contract price exceeded maximums
The glycerine in question was refined from crude glycerine purchased in South America before OPA imposed ceiling prices. The contract price exceeded the maximums thereafter set by OPA. Because of transportation difficulties the crude product was not delivered to Harshaw until recently.
Harshaw converted the crude glycerine into refined glycerine of dynamite grade essential to the war effort and offered to transfer the full amount to the Treasury Procurement Division without profit. By Amendment No. 1 to Revised Price Schedule No. 38, OPA approved this transaction.
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Price riße on two tool orders allowed to aid subcontractors
Two manufacturers of machine tools, who although already operating at capacity were requested by the War Production Board to increase output, have been authorized to charge more than established maximum prices on two war orders which are to be turned out by subcontractors, Price Administrator Henderson announced April 23.
Higher manufacturing costs
The exceptions to Revised Price Schedule No. 67—New Machine Tools—were granted in view of the subcontractors’ higher manufacturing costs.
Amendment 7 to this schedule authorizes Gould & Everhardt of Newark, N. J., to increase its maximum price for 209 industrial shapers manufactured on subcontract by the Henry and Wright Manufacturing Company of Hartford, Conn.
Amendment 8 authorizes an increase in the maximum price from $15,250 each to $16,548.08 for 104 single-spindle automatic machines manufactured on subcontract by the Sullivan Machinery Co. of Claremont, N. H., for the Cleveland Automatic Machine Co.
April 28, 1942
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Permanent silk waste ceilings identical with temporary
Permanent maximum prices for silk waste, now used solely for military purposes such as the manufacture of powder bags, are. continued at the identical levels established in a previous temporary OPA regulation, Price Administrator Henderson announced April 21.
Applies to domestic and imported
Maximum Price Regulation No. 115 replaces Temporary Maximum Price Regulation No. 7 (Silk Waste) which sets ceilings for this product for a period of 60 days commencing February 28, 1942.
The ceilings apply both to domestic and imported silk waste, except that imports after February 28, 1942, are excluded because of conditions resulting from the war.
China and pottery prices halted at October 1-15 levels; 5 percent extra for semivitreous
Hundreds of china and pottery article’s used in the average American household—dinnerware sets, cups, saucers, bowls, plates, dishes, cream pitchers, cooking and baking dishes, and refrigerator jars, to name a few—are among the items covered by Maximum Price Regulation No. 116 (China and Pottery), announced April 23 by Price Administrator Henderson.
The regulation, effective April 27,1942, fixes maximum prices for the sale by manufacturers of vitreous and semivitre-ous ware in the United States or for export. Stoneware and art pottery are not covered, but vitreous and semi-vitreous ware produced by art potters comes under the terms of the regulation.
Profits going up
Maximum prices and packaging charges for the vitreous ware industry are established at the price levels prevailing between October 1 and 15, 1941, and for the semivitreous ware industry, at 5 percent above the levels prevailing during the same period.
Both classes of manufacturers have maintained their prices at the OPA’s request since last February 1, at which time they withdrew a proposed 10 percent advance to give the OPA time to complete its study.
Reflecting increased buying power and drastic curtailment of pottery imports, American pottery manufacturers’ profits,
either on a percentage or dollar basis, were larger in 1941 than in previous years.
New articles shall be sold at a price in line with, or lower than, most nearly comparable items in a manufacturer’s line during the base period. Such new articles, if & change in body or glaze is involved, must be reported and described to the OPA within 10 days after delivery on the first sale. Reports of sales must be filed with the OPA quarterly by every manufacturer, and records of all transactions must be kept.
Maximum prices for articles not sold during the base period, but sold after October 15, are 100 percent for vitreous and 105 percent for semivitreous of the prices in effect prior to the issuance of the regulation, except that the prices must • be kept in line with the prices in effect during the base period for comparable articles. Prices. in effect are those quoted in a price list or those at which sales were actually made where there was no price list.
Sales to Government
In sales to Government departments or agencies, according to the regulation, the maximum price shaU be the highest price at which any article of china or pottery was contracted to be sold by any manufacturer to that department or“ agency during the October 1-15 period, or during the period *October 15,1941, to January 1,1942, if no sales were made during the base period.
In the case of export sales, the maximum prices for domestic sales shall apply, but the exporter may add the actual cost of packing for export if customarily he charged such cost as a separate item, the actual cost of transportation to port of exit, and the normal commission charged by the same general class of exporter to the same foreign market and to a purchaser of the same general class in the period of October 1 to 15. Exporters also may add the actual costs of war risk, ocean freight, marine insurances on sales f. a. s. vessel, f. o. b. vessel, c. 1. f. destination or f. o. b. destination.
13 firms, producing 95 percent of brass materials for small arms ammunitions, agree to cut prices 1 cent per pound
Thirteen firms, producing more than 95 percent of the brass materials used for small arms ammunitions, have agreed to reduce prices of these products 1 cent per pound, Price Administrator Henderson announced April 19.
To effect substantial savings
Ulis reduction, the Administrator stated, will effect for the Government substantial savings which will become increasingly larger as production expands.
All deliveries on and after April 20, 1942, of cartridge case cups, bullet jacket cups, and sheet metal required there-
for—produced by these companies— were affected.
In a letter to the brass mills, requesting the price cut, Mr. Henderson indicated that OPA has been studying for some months the general price level on all brass mill products. Particular attention has been devoted to those which are being sold in large volume to the Army, Navy, and Maritime Commission for small arms and artillery ammunition and other material.
Cuts warranted by profits
Prices of these materials have been considered in the light of marked increases in brass mills’ profits, the Administrator added. Mr. Henderson emphasized the fact that the large volume of business that these mills now do and will continue to do in an eyen greater degree in these relatively few items has produced these profits. For this reason, the Administrator concluded that a substantial price reduction is warranted.
Mr. Henderson described the current price reduction as only “a preliminary and partial step in dealing with this whole question.”
Voluntary cooperation sought
The brass mills were asked to cooperate on a voluntary basis in reducing prices of small arms ammunition material. Favorable replies were received from 13 firms from which such action was asked. These concerns represent a cross-section of a very large majority of the industry.
Only one refusal has been received by OPA to date. This comes from a small mill. OPA will investigate this concern to determine whether or not its refusal is justified.
Mr. Henderson indicated to the brass mills that he fully realized the significance of his request. He expressed his appreciation of their cooperation in the effort “to achieve our objective by voluntary action.”
13	firms agree to cut
The cooperating firms were:
American B.ass Co.; Bridgeport Brass Co.; Bristol Brass Corporation; Chase Brass & Copper Co., Inc.; Miller Co.; New England Brass Co.; Plume & Atwood Manufacturing Co.; Revere Copper and Brass Co.; The Riverside Metal Co.; Scovilh Manufacturing Co.; Seymour Manufacturing Co.; Stamford Rolling Mills Co.; and Waterbury Rolling Mills, Inc.
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April 28, 1942
OPA opens drive to end violations of price ceilings on iron, steel scrap
Signaling a concerted drive to end violations of price ceilings on iron and steel scrap, Price Administrator Henderson announced April 19 the filing of civil action in Chicago against Northwestern Steel and Wire Co. of Sterling, HL, its broker, and 24 dealers.
Charged with “upgrading”
The Steel and Wire Co. and its broker, M. S. Kaplan Co. of Chicago, were charged with buying and accepting delivery of iron and steel scrap at prices in excess of those established in OPA’s Revised Price Schedule No. 4.
The 24 dealers were charged with selling and delivering at prices above the established maximums.
OPA charged all 26 defendants with “upgrading,” a device by which inferior grades of scrap are sold at prices allowed for higher grades. The 26 were also charged with failing to keep complete and accurate records as required in the price schedule.
Hearing set for April 28
The OPA request for an injunction was set for hearing April 28 before United States District Judge William H. Holly.
The action is the second OPA has taken against violations of the price schedule for iron and steel scrap but is the first taken simultaneously against dealer, broker, and consumer. Earlier this week OPA obtained a temporary order restraining the Pittsburgh Steel Co. from buying unprepared scrap at the price set for prepared scrap.
“These actions are only the first of a series we are preparing to take throughout the country,” Mr. Henderson said.
Violations not to be tolerated
“Iron and steel scrap are vital to war production. The OPA schedule has been adoptedxto provide fair prices and to »insure an orderly market in the face of heavy demands from steel mills working at top speed on war orders.
“We are not going to tolerate violations under any circumstances. Those who fail to comply with the price regulations are subject to criminal penalties.”
In the “upgrading” charged to the 26 defendants, OPA officials reported that the top layer in a carload shipment usually corresponded with the grade specified in the invoice but that beneath this layer were inferior grades of scrap and
even, in some cases, material worthless to steel mills.
24	dealers charged
The 24 dealers named in the civil action are:
Advance Steel Salvage Corporation, Chicago, Ill.; Alter Co., Davenport, Iowa; Max Falk, doing business as American Auto Parts Co., Sioux City, Iowa; Atlas Iron and Metal Co., Joliet, Ill.; Morris Pollock, doing business as Aurora Auto Wrecking Co., Aurora, Ill.; Morris Max Blum, doing business as Blum Iron and Metal Co., Dubuque, Iowa; Central Paper Stock Co., Chicago, Ill.; Consumers Steel and Supply Co., Racine, Wis.; I. W. Kaufman, Kansas City, Mo.; General Iron and Metal Co., Chicago, Ill.; Henry M. Cohen, doing business as Co-Henry Co., Kansas City, Mo.; Mary Bodow, doing business as Southwest Iron and Metal Co., Kansas City, Mo.; Abe L. Pekarsky, doing business as Kishwaukee Auto Parts and Wrecking Co., Rockford, Ill.; Light Bros, and Co., Sioux Falls, S. Dak.; John A. Robinson, doing business as Norfolk Hide and Metal Co., Norfolk, Nebr.; J. H. Krause, Inc., Rockford, Hl.; Mar-mis and Solomon, Dubuque, Iowa; Miller Bros. Iron and Metal Co., Milwaukee, Wis.; Miller Iron and Metal Co., Chicago, Ill.; Newtson Iron and Metal Co., Ottawa, Ill.; H. Pitts and Co., Sioux Falls, S. Dak.; Rothstein Iron and Metal Co., Freeport, Ill.; Southern Illinois Scrap Iron and Metal Co., Harrisburg, Ill.; Wolf Bros., Inc., Mason City, Iowa.
A	- ★ ★
Only voluntary agreements on zinc oxide, Henderson affirms
Except for individual producer voluntary price agreements, no action has been taken by the OPA with respect to establishing maximum prices for zinc oxides, Administrator Henderson emphasized April 21.
At a meeting of zinc oxide dealers and exporters with OPA representatives held in New York City, April 17, considerable confusion was apparent as to the extent of OPA price action on zinc oxides up to this time.
Producers have been asked individually to enter into agreements with OPA not to sell, offer to sell, deliver, or transfer any zinc oxides at prices higher than the maximums published by OPA on December 16, 1941, and supplemented by a statement issued on March 28, 1942.
Under such circumstances, however, Mr. Henderson indicated April 21 that the margins obtained by others than producers should bear the same relationship to producers’ prices as customarily prevailed prior to the present emergency.
Temporary ceilings set on makers’ prices for oil paints, varnishes
The OPA moved April 20 to hold steady the price consumers must pay for oil paints and varnishes.
Heeding the danger of threatened seri-“ous price advances by producers, Price Administrator Henderson fixed temporary maximum prices at which manufacturers can sell oil paints and varnishes at levels which prevailed on April 12, 1942.
Effective April 22, the action is embodied in Temporary Price Regulation No. 19 (Oil Paints and Varnishes).
Most manufacturers in the paint industry have until now maintained prices at the October 1,1941, level at the request of OPA.
The new regulation will remain in force for 60 days, during which time OPA will continue its investigation of the pressures on paint prices, such as advancing costs for linseed oil and labor and the curtailment of certain raw materials.
★	★ ★
Exporters warned against dealers violating paraffin wax ceilings
Exporters were warned April 18 by Price Administrator Henderson against certain dealers who are attempting to evade maximum price provisions in Revised Price Schedule No. 42 for paraffin wax by splitting shipments into units small enough to obtain price differentials. Such practices are direct violations of the price schedule.
★	★ ★ *
Makers of rolled, wire glass to discuss ceilings with OPA
Manufacturers in the rolled and wire glass industry were called, in telegrams sent April 21, to a meeting with OPA officials on April 29, to discuss maximum prices proposed for rolled and wire glass and heat-absorbing rolled glass.
The five manufacturers earlier agreed individually to suspend price advances and to maintain prices at the level existing October 1, 1941, pending completion of OPA’s study of the price situation in the industry.
April 28, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
&
100 more war plants launch Production Drives in week
One hundred war plants have reported in the past week the. establishment of voluntary labor-management committees, bringing to 600 the number to launch War Production Drives.
War Production Drive Headquarters April 23 released the names of the 100 plants in which new committees. have been recognized.
Seventeen of the new plants reporting are in Pennsylvania, whose total is now 109, the highest in the country. Twenty-, one more committees reported from Ohio, bringing that State’s total to 75.
JUST GIVE HIM THE WEAPONS . . . The poster reproduced above from the Supplement to the Production Drive Plan Book will be sent out shortly to war plants. Two-column mats are available for publication, on request to Distribution Section, Division of Information, OEM, 2743 Temporary R. Washington, D. C.
Workers sum up war in slogans
How the American workman sums up the war is shown by slogans written in contests in connection with the War Production Drive.
Independent slogan contests are being conducted in plants where voluntary labor-management committees have been formed to speed the production of planes, tanks, guns, ships, and other war goods.
A number of winning slogans have been reported to War Production Dfive Headquarters by plant committees. Drive Headquarters, which had suggested the possibility of such contests, released some of the slogans last week.
Earl Myers, a milling department inspector, won the slogan contest in the Propeller Division of Curtis Wright, Beaver, Pa., with this slogan: -
Speed ’em for Freedom!
Robert H. Culver, a milling machine hand, won the contest at the Vinco Corporation, Detroit, with this acrostic:
Unity Service Action
J. L. McKenna won first prize in a contest at the Guilbert Steel Co., Pittsburgh, with:
Don’t ration your cooperation
Increased production will save your Nation
C. E. Steiner, a timekeeper at the Cincinnati, Ohio, Planer Co., won the contest there with:
High production means Axis destruction
Reynolds Johnson, personnel director, won the contest at Hardinge Brothers, Elmira, N. Y., with :
Hardinge Hands Harass Hitler and Hirohito
Jack R. Campbell of- the open hearth department of the Ashland (Ohio) Division of the American Rolling Mills Co., won the contest there with:
Tomorrow’s battles will be decided here today
Incidentally, the day that Mr. Campbell was declared winner (April 14) the mill’s whistles were tied down at 7:30 a. m. to celebrate the establishment of the five hundred and twenty-first new record since Pearl Harbor. As high as 70 new peaks were reached in a single day. A safety record was established, too, with only three accidents in 73 days. W. F. Songer, director of the mill’s War Production Drive, and Noah Wellman, assistant director, telegraphed Donald M. Nelson Chairman of the War Production Board:
“The only thing these records now mean to us is a bench-mark to exceed in the future.”
War Production Drive Headquarters will announce other slogan contest winners later. War Production Drive plans also include the erection of production scoreboards, improvement of plant efficiency and encouragement of suggestions for greater production.
10
★ VICTORY ★
April 28, 1942
LABOR...
Membership maintenance clause ordered in 10-month-old Federal Ship dispute
Settlement of the 10-month-old controversy at the Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock Co., Kearny, N. J., by the National War Labor Board was announced last week by Board Chairman William H. Davis.
The Board by an 8 to 4 vote, with employer members dissenting, ordered the inclusion of a modified maintenance of membership clause in the contract between the company, a subsidiary of the United States Steel Corporation, and Local 16, Industrial Union of Marine and Shipbuilding Workers of America, CIO.
The clause requires all present and future union members to"maintain their membership in good standing for the remaining thirteen months of the contract between the company and the union. Union members who fail to remain in good standing may withdraw from the union yet keep their jobs by paying monthly union dues and fines until the present contract expires.
The Board majority rested its case for the maintenance of membership clause on the belief that a union was entitled to be protected from the disintegration which might follow its loyal and patriotic surrender of the right to strike for the duration of the emergency.
Approximately 22,000 workers are employed in the plant. About 12,000 are union members affected by the mamte.-nance of membership clause.
Dr. Frank P. Graham, President of the University of North Carolina and a public member of the Board, wrote the majority opinion for the public and labor members of the Board. In a separate opinion concurring with the majority, Chairman Davis said in part:
“I want to say at the outset that I would vote for the Order for one overwhelming reason—because I think it will increase production of ships and help win the war. This issue has been disturbing the relations between management and the workers at Kearny for just about a year. It is time to put an end to it.”
“For all-out uninterrupted production”
Dr. Graham summarized the majority opinion as follows:
“1. This maintenance of membership clause, as implemented in the directive order, has no absolute requirement for the dis
charge of a member of the union except by his own choice.
“2. It does not require any employee to join the union at any time.
“3. In its original form as proposed by Chief Justice Stacy, it was supported by all the* seven public members of the National Defense Mediation Board.
“4. It has merits and values of its own for the maintenance of membership, the maintenance of the contract, and the maintenance of maximum production for winning the war.
“5. It is the decision of the umpire, upon the acceptance of whose decisions depends the survival of the national agreement for all-out uninterrupted production of arms, tanks, planes, and ships.
“6. In the midst of this total and desperate war is no time for defiance of the Government bÿ any labor union or corporation. It is the time for the acceptance of a decision carefully arrived at in accordance with the national agreement between labor, management, and the government of the people of the United States. The war is wide and desperate, but the time is short. The time is too short for any further delays in the settlement of a dispute in a plant where are built the ships which carry the men and armaments and supplies to support American boys as they fight for the future of America and the future of freedom in the world.”
Freedom of choice protected
Other highlights of the majority opinion follow:
“This case came to the National War'Labor Board because of the long defiance of the Government of the united States by the Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock Co., a wholly owned subsidiary of the United States Steel Corporation. It is high time that in the midst of a world war involving the future of America and the future of freedom, that a dispute in a plant building most essential ships for America and for freedom be settled without further delay. . . .
“The freedom of choice of the individual worker is protected by a provision already in the contract against any coercion of a worker Anto membership in the Union. In addition, the individual’s right to work is safeguarded by a clause in the Board’s order. Under this clause, a member of the Union may withdraw from the Union by not maintaining his membership in good standing. In such case, he must, as a condition of employment, continue to pay his financial obligations to the Union for the duration of the contract, which has little more than a., year to run. A member of a club has no more freedom and no lighter obligation. No member of the Union need ever be discharged under this provision, except by his own choice. . . .
“The maintenance of membership clause does not require any worker, at any time, to join the Union. It does not require the Company to employ only members of the ■ Union and is, therefore, not a closed shop. It does not require the employees who have been hired by the Company, to1 join the Union, and is, therefore, not a union shop. It does not require the Company to give preference in hiring to members of the Union, and is, therefore, not a preferential union shop. It does not require any old employee, any new employee, or any employee whatever to join the Union at any time.
“The maintenance of membership clause requires only that any employee who is a member of good standing, at the time the contract is signed, or who thereafter voluntarily joins the Union, shall remain a member in good standing. This he is required to do as part of his obligation to keep the provisions of the contract made by the Union with the Company on his behalf. Every employee who, since the original recommendation of July 26, 1941, has chosen to remain a member in good standing, or who has since joined the Union, has had full knowledge of this provision and has thus made the choice voluntarily to maintain his membership. Any others have already resigned. ...
“The umpire may once in a while miscall balls and strikes. But in the midst of a total war for our existence as a free people, let no labor union or no corporation defy* the peaceful procedures of the Nation for the settlement of disputes and for unbroken maximum production. It is inconceivable that this subsidiary of even the most powerful corporation in the world shall longer defy the government of the people of the United States.
“In the momentous struggle between the United Nations and the Axis Powers, let us have no defiance of the Nation, no mustering of disunity, no measuring and testing of the comparative sovereignty of the United States Steel Corporation and the United States of America. . . . Failure to settle this dispute Would reveal both a lack of the acceptance of the democratic process and a lack of understanding of the decisive role df ships in the world strategy of the United Nations against the long gathered might of the Fascist-Axis Powers.”
History of the case
The giant shipbuilding plant had been seized August 26, 1941, by the United States Navy at the order of President Roosevelt after the company had refused to accept a straight maintenance of membership recommendation by the peace-time National Defense Mediation Board.
On January 6, the Navy restored the plant to the company with the understanding that all unsettled disputes “should be settled without Interrupting production by recourse to the machinery established by the President.”
After the company and the union exhausted all possibilities of settling the union security issue, the Board held a public hearing March 30. Last week, the Board acted and made public its decision.
Employers’ dissenting opinion
The majority opinion, written by Dr. Graham, was concurred in by Mr. Davis, Mr. Morse, and Dr. Taylor, public members, and Thomas Kennedy, George Meany, Emil Rieve, and Martin P. Durkin, labor members of the Board. In addition to the separate concurring majority opinion by Mr. Davis, there is also a separate concurring dissenting opinion by E. J. McMillafi, representing employers. The dissenting opinion, written by Roger D. Lapham, employer member, and concurred in by E. J. McMillan, Horace P. Horton, and H. L. Derby, reads in part as f ollows:
“The issues in this case are quite clear. This is not an ordinary case. In July 1941 the same issues were presented to the National Defense Mediation Board; a decision was rendered; the Company refused to accept the recommendation of the Board and offered to turn the yards over to the Government for operation rather than agree to the contract proposed by the National Defense Mediation Board.
“Much has been said about each case being determined on its own merijs^ Any practical person, and especially the members of this
April 28, 1942
* VICTORY *
11
Board and those who served on the National Defense Mediation Board, know the fallacy of such statements. The National Defense Mediation Board was wrecked on this issue and the resignation of some of the labor members of that Board was predicated on the theory that a previous decision of the Board established a governing precedent.
“However, acting in our capacity as members of a Government agency, we cannot subscribe to any national labor policy which compels an unwilling employer to force an unwilling employee either to join or to remain a member of a labor union in order to play his part in winning this war.
“The employer members presented two proposals, both of which the majority rejected, which can be summarized as follows:
“(1) That the Company shall insert a provision in the contract with the Union making continuance of membership a condition of employment for all Union members who voluntarily certify in writing thereafter their willingness to remain members of the Union during the life of the contract.
“(2) That if the Company is directed to insert a provision in thfi„,contract requiring Union members who are employees to maintain their membership in the Union in good standing as a condition of employment, then after such contract is entered into each employee who is a Union member shall be given a definite opportunity within a stated time so to resign from the Union. If he fails to resign, he would then be required, as a condition of employment, to remain a member of the Union in good standing for the contract period.”
Commenting on the employers’ dissent, Chairman Davis told a press conference:
“You see, gentlemen, the fact is that the line which divides the majority and the minority is so fine—a hair, perhaps—that we can’t really define it.”
No-strike pact hailed as success
Pronouncing the industry-labor no-strike pact an “astonishing success,” William H. Davis, Chairman of the National War Labor Board revealed that time lost through strikes on war production during January, February, and March of this year was only %oo of 1 percent of total war employment.
During the same period last year-, time lost was 9%oo of 1 percent, or 15 times the amount lost this year, Mr. Davis said.
“Nevertheless, we are not satisfied with anything less than perfect,” he stated at a press conference. “We want to stop them all if we can.”
The statistics on strikes were gathered with the aid of an interdepartmental committee representing six Federal agencies interested in war labor matters—the War, Navy, and Labor Departments, the Maritime Commission, the War Production Board, and the War Labor Board.
“From now on there will be one official list of strikes affecting the war,” Mr. Davis said. “The new plan for coordinating all strike data into a single list has been adopted to end the confusion of the past and to give the public a clear picture."
Mr. Davis invited all private agencies that collect figures on strikes affecting the war effort -to submit their information to the War Labor Board.
War employment triples
There were approximately 332,000 man-days of idleness due to strikes affecting the war effort during the first quarter of 1942 or about one-fourth of the approximately 1,384,000 man-days idle for the first quarter of 1941. At the same time, employment on war materials increased three and two-thirds times since the first quarter of 1941—from about 156 million man-days in the first quarter of 1941 to about 552 million for the first quarter of 1942.
“The statistics on strike activity are useful as a measure’of the over-all effectiveness of conciliation methods,” Mr. Davis said. “But
WPB extends metals survey to obtain complete picture of U. S. use and needs
A complete survey of the use of metal In the United States during the first quarter of 1942, and of anticipated requirements for the quarter beginning July 1, is being undertaken by the WPB with the mailing of questionnaires to all American users of metal in raw or semifabricated form.
Scope broadened
The questionnaire, which is being sent out on Form PD-275, is a refinement of the metals questionnaire which was mailed to 11,000 users on January 30.
The original questionnaire, covering metals used in the last quarter of 1941 and requirements for the second quarter of 1942, was mailed only to manufacturers using metal in their products. The survey initiated April 20 will also cover mines, railroads, shipyards, utilities, construction jobs, and the petroleum Industry, as well as military and naval contractors. The list of manufacturers has also been expanded. For all practical purposes, it should provide a complete picture of United States metal use and requirements.
Permanent ceilings set on used egg cases to stabilize price, prolong use
Issuance of a permanent maximum price regulation for ' used egg cases—a measure designed to stabilize prices and at the same time to encourage reconditioning and longer reuse of cases, with ultimate savings for the consumer—was announced April 23 by Price Administrator Henderson.
The permanent regulation has been prepared to keep prices of emptied cases from spiraling upward as competition for available cases grows, and, at the same time, to assist in the acceleration of movement of cases from egg case emptiers back to the packers.
The new permanent regulation (Maximum Price Regulation No. 117) which
replaces Temporary Regulation No. 2, simplifies the classification of used cases to two types: (1) those completely reconditioned, and (2) those sold without reconditioning.	-
The new permanent regulation recognizes customary price differentials for defined Eastern, Central, and Western areas, contrasted with the more general Eastern and Mid-Continent areas called for in the temporary measure. No maximum prices have been created for Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast area States.
The ceiling prices established in the new permanent regulation are substantially those prevailing for used cases and parts from October 1 to 15, 1941.
the over-all figures do not tell the whole story. The present list includes some strikes that had a very slight effect on war production, regardless of the number of men involved.
“For instance, one of the two largest strikes listed for March—the New Orleans Laundries, accounting for 32,500 man-days of idleness— was included because it was certified to the War Labor Board, though its effect on the war was slight.”
Mr. Davis declared that the amount of time lost due to strikes has been “infinitesimally small,” and pointed out that the %oo of 1 percent represented one workday in 7 years for each man employed on war production.
★ ★ ★
Ceilings raised on crude
petroleum in Ritchie field
To correct a subnormal price for crude petroleum in the Ritchie oil field in Acadia Parish, La., maximum prices for that field are increased by Amendment No. 7 to Revised Price Schedule No. 88 (Petroleum and Petroleum Products).
Shipping .Administration sets up Gulf, Atlantic districts
The United States Maritime Commission and the War Shipping Administration announced April 20 establishment of an Atlantic Coast district and a Gulf Coast district and appointment of respective directors for those areas.
Capt. Granville Conway has been named director of the Atlantic Coast district, which consists of all United States Atlantic ports north of Florida, and includes Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration activities in Canadian and Newfoundland ports. Capt. Conway will continue as district manager for the Commission and the Administration at New York and will make his headquarters at 45 Broadway, New York City.
Chester H. Marshall has been designated as director of the Gulf Coast district, which includes all United States ports on the Gulf of Mexico and all ports in Florida. Mr. Marshall will make his headquarters at the Federal Office Building, New Orleans.
12
★ VICTORY ★
April 28, 1942
INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS ...
War, essentials put first for new phones; others can’t be sure of installations
New installations of telephones throughout the country were brought under strict War Production Board control on April 24.
Only persons or organizations engaged in direct war work or in occupations essential to the public welfare can be sure of obtaining new telephone service in the future.
New service may be denied to groups outside the preferred category unless existing exchange line capacity can take care of their needs without disrupting essential service.
200,000 applications may be denied
New installations of exchange line and central office exchange equipment are restricted to essential requirements. An exchange line is the overhead or underground cable which runs from a central office exchange and to which subscribers’ telephones are connected. It does not include what are commonly known as the lead-in wires running from a home or office to the cable.
The Bell System, which operates by far the greatest portion of the country’s vast telephone network, has estimated for WPB’s communications branch that the restrictions will result in denial of approximately 200,000 applications for main line residential service this year.
Exemption danse covers minor extensions
Some relief may be afforded to groups outside the preferred category under an exemption clause permitting minor cable extensions, utilizing less than 100 pounds of copper, when such extensions are required to make use of idle exchange line capacity. Or, if line capacity and the type of central office equipment permits, these groups may be able to obtain service on a party line.
WPB’s action, necessary to conserve large quantities of critical materials, is embodied in a general revision of Limitation Order L-50, which limited the engineering practices of telephone companies and their plans for betterment and relocation of plant facilities. The revised order retains all off the original limitations.
As revised, the order is expected to result in total annual savings of approximately 53,000 tons of lead, 35,000 tons of iron and steel, 54,000 tons of copper.
6,500 tons of zinc, 1,890 tons of crude rubber, and large amounts of other critical materials vitally needed for the war program.
New installations, replacementlimited
Broadening the definition of an “operator” to include not only the Federal government but also the District of Columbia, State and Territorial governments, and their agencies, the order provides that unless expressly authorized by the Director of Industry Operations, all operators must:
1.	Limit replacement of all equipment and facilities to essential maintenance, repair, or protection of service.
2.	Limit new installations of exchange central office and exchange line equipment to those ' required for essential maintenance, to meet the known or “fairly anticipated” demands for service “reasonably required by persons engaged in direct defense or charged with responsibility for public health, welfare, or security,” and to set up public pay stations in areas where a demand for such service exists.
3.	Limit further installations of residence extensions (additional telephones on the same line in a residence where there already is one phone) to those required for the essential use of persons in the preferred category. Additional lines or additional stations on party lines cannot be provided as a substitute for extension stations.
4.	Discontinue the use of open copper line wire to provide local exchange service.
5.	Conserve or reuse existing equipment and facilities whenever the result will be to save critical materials.
May require party lines
The order stipulates that when necessary in order to avoid new installations of exchange line equipment and to conserve materials, and to the extent necessary to fulfill the requirements of persons on the preferred list, operators must employ party-line service in place of individual line service, reserve idle facilities in existing exchange lines, or regrade service to the type best fitting into the conservation program, if the require.-nients of the users will permit.
As a guide to what constitutes a person “engaged in direct defense” or charged with responsibility for public health, welfare, or security, the order sets forth seven groups considered to come within the category, including Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and civilian defense services; Federal, State, county, and municipal government services; agencies of foreign governments; recognized organizations serving the health,
safety, or welfare of the public; business concerns furnishing materials or facilities to the Federal Government and those furnishing materials dr services under “A” priority ratings; building management offices located in new housing developments; and temporary extensions when essential in cases of serious illness.
This is not an irrevocable definition, and additional groups may be added at any time.
The order does not apply in cases where physical installations of equipment had commenced prior to its issuance.
Preference ratings issued
Two preference rating orders—P-129 and P-130—were issued in conjunction with revised L-50. Both expire September 30. L-50 remains in force until revoked.
P-129, applying to radio communication as well as to wire communication, makes available an A-3 rating for deliveries to an operator or his supplier of materials essential for maihtenance and repair and protection of service.
P-130, covering only telephone communication, makes an A-3 fating available to an operator or his suppliers for deliveries of materials costing under $50 and used in normal construction caused by the connection, disconnection, changes in location, etc., of a subscriber’s equipment, and in other small but essential services where operators would be forced to file thousands of individual PD-1A applications with WPB in order to obtain materials.
★	★ ★ *
Some crane makers get extension of old ratings
Makers of certain types of cranes and hoisting equipment were notified April 21 by WPB that they can continue until July 1 using preference ratings assigned to them under Preference Rating Order P-5-b.
★	★ ★
HEATER TANKS SIMPLIFIED
Storage tanks for hot water heaters of the kind used in most homes will be manufactured in only three sizes after May 15 as a result of a simplification schedule issued April 25 by the War Production Board.
Another Schedule (No. VIII) to the Limitation Order, requires the simplification of vacuum and vapor heating specialties after June 15.
April 28, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
13
Sewing machine production to stop June 15 to reserve materials, machines for war
A limited number of sewing machines and sewing machine attachments may be produced between now and June 15, 1942, after which production must cease, WPB ordered April 25.
The order, General Limitation Order No. L-98, effective April 25, will result in a substantial saving of critical materials and will make available for war production at least a part of the industry’s plant facilities.
Under the order, manufacturers may produce new machines and attachments until June 15 at a rate of 75 percent of the 1940 rate. Machines completely assembled prior to June 15 may be installed in cabinets or on portable bases after the cut-off date, provided they come within the 75 percent quota.
★	★ ★
Bottle cap production further restricted
Manufacture of crown caps for beer and other beverage bottles during the balance of this month was further restricted by WPB on April 24.
★	★ ★
Disposal of used rail, joints under WPB control
WPB has assumed control over all used railroad rail and rail joints so that ample supplies will be available for war requirements.
★	★ ★
WPB LIMITS USE OF INDIVIDUAL RATINGS
As a further step toward putting American industry under the Production Requirements Plan, Director of Industry Operations Knowlson announced April 21 that WPB will soon discontinue granting preference ratings on individual applications for material to be used in general manufacturing operations.
Effective immediately, no individual application from à manufacturer for materials to be incorporated in his products over a period of more than 1 month will be approved.
U. S. TAKES OVER ALL CARGO AND TANK SHIPS
Admiral Emory S. Land, Administrator, announced April 18 that the War Shipping Administration has requisitioned possession and use of all essential oceangoing tankers and dry cargo vessels owned by American citizens which are subject to requisition under the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, as amended, and have not been previously acquired by the Government. Such requisitions will become effective as of the time possession is taken by the Government. This action affects several hundred vessels.
★	★ ★
Sugar receivers allowed to anticipate May quotas
The War Production Board issued on April 22 a supplementary order (M-55-h) to the sugar conservation order (M-55) allowing receivers of refined sugar to anticipate their May quotas by accepting, between now and May 1, 50 percent of the amount of sugar they used or resold in May 1941.
The order was issued at the request of the Office of Price Administration to lay a foundation for the sugar rationing system, which began on April 28 for industrial users and will begin on May 5 for household consumers.
The May quotas have not yet been announced.
Under the supplementary order, a receiver (wholesaler, jobber or industrial user) in zones 1, 2, and 3, may receive delivery of beet sugar only in anticipation of the May quota. These zones, set up under Supplementary Order M-55-d on March 27, include the States of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia.
Receivers in the other five zones may accept advance delivery of either beet or cane sugar against their May quotas.
A receiver who accepts delivery against his May quota during April may not use the sugar in manufacturing before May 1, nor resell it at any time except upon tender of an OPA ration stamp or certificate.
Make spring housecleaning a city-wide salvage drive, Maverick urges mayors
The mayors of America were asked April 24 to take the initiative in local drives to make traditional spring housecleaning a means of increasing the flow of rags, metals, and rubber to the Nation’s war machine.
The appeal, made in letters sent by Maury Maverick, chief of the Bureau of Governmental Requirements of the WPB, to all mayors in the country, is part of the general salvage program sponsored by the Bureau of Industrial Conservation.
Mr. Maverick suggested that the mayors bring the spring housecleaningsalvage program into homes, offices, stores, and plants by the issuance of proclamations. He also suggested that the mayors could set an excellent example by ordering a thorough housecleaning and salvage search on all municipal property.
Mr. Maverick requested that local campaigns be conducted in cooperation with local salvage committees.
★	★ ★
MORE BINDER TWINE
Java sisal* (Java agave sisalana) put into process on or before April 20, 1942, may be manufactured into wrapping twine or binder twine, under Amendment No. 4 to the agave fiber order, M-84, issued April 21.
The agave fiber order (M-84) has been amended to permit the manufacture of more binder twine than was permitted under a previous order. Under the amendment (Amendment No. 5) a manufacturer may produce during the 11 months ending June 30, 1942, an amount of binder twine which when added to his stocks on hand on November 1, 1941, does not exceed 120 percent of his sales during the 12 months ending October 31, 1941. The amendment also allows production at the 120 percent rate for a four-month period beginning July 1,1942.
★	★ ★
WOOLEN FIRM PENALIZED
In its first move against - a violator of the wool conservation program, the WPB has issued a suspension order against the Susquehanna Woolen Co., New Cumberland, Pa.
14*★ VICTORY ★April 28, 1942
Deliveries of iron, steel products will be
restricted to A-10 or higher, after May 15
Deliveries of iron and steel products will be restricted to preference ratings of A-10 or higher after May 15, WPB announced April 22, with issuance of Order M-21 as amended.
The order formerly applied to steel products only and the inclusion of iron means that the 2,700 iron foundries in the country must comply with its provisions.
Two exceptions to A-10 requirement
Form PD-73 is abolished, effective May 1. In its place is this system:
Each purchase order for iron or steel must contain a signed statement by a duly authorized official or agent of the purchaser, either stamped or typed on the order, stating that the material is to be used for one of the group classifications set up in the order. These are Army, Navy, Maritime, Defense Projects (war plants) . Lend-Lease, Other Export, Railroad, Warehouse, and all other.
Two exceptions are made to the A-10 rating requirement. Warehouses may deliver carbon steel on unrated orders when the purchaser specifies-.ihat the material is to be used for repair and maintenance. Each warehouse is limited, by quarters, to 3 percent of its quota for any product for such deliveries. Persons other than producers may deliver on unrated orders, nails, bale ties, and small black or galvanized welded pipe.
New forms have been provided for producers in connection with the amended order. To report shipments, iron and steel producers will use Form PD-138, which must be received by the WPB by the fifteenth of the month following the month of shipment.
First complete steel picture
Form PD-139, which is due in Washington by the tenth of each month, must be used to report tonnages requested for delivery, during that month and the following month, including past-due tonnage on the books of the producer. Both forms will be available shortly at all WPB field offices and at the iron and steel branch, WPB, in Washington.
Information derived from PD-139 will give the WPB, for the first time, total tonnage requested from each producer by product and by recipient. Summarized, it will be the first complete picture of all types of steel being produced and who is getting them.
The new order, designated as Amend
ment No. 3 and Extension No. 2 of General Preference Order M-21, became effective immediately and will remain in effect until revoked.
★	★ ★
Ban on metals, plastics, cork to end nearly all output of pleasure fishing tackle
Fishing tackle manufacturers were ordered April 23 by WPB to stop using metals, plastics and cork in noncommercial fishing tackle manufactured after May 31, 1942.
The only exception is fish hooks, which may be manufactured after June 1 at a rate of 50 percent of each manufacturer’s production in 1941.
Since most fishing tackle cannot be made without the use of metals, plastic or cork, the order (L-92) will mean the end of such production for the duration. However, large stocks are now on hand.
Between now and the shutoff date, limited production is permitted out of stocks on hand or on order before April 23. No additional quantities of critical materials may be ordered except iron and steel for the manufacture of fish hooks.
The order restricts the use of iron and steel out of inventory, during the period to May 31, to 75 percent of the rate of use of such metals in 1941. Previously issued metal conservation orders restrict the use of other metals ordinarily used in fishing tackle.
15 percent converted to war
Fishing tackle is defined in the order as products designed primarily for use in noncommercial fishing, including but not limited to: rods, rod fittings, and rod accessories; reels, reel equipment, and reel accessories; lines, leaders, sinkers, swivels, fish hooks, bait boxes, tackle boxes, fly boxes, creels, artificial lures, baits, and flies.
George Moore, chief of the WPB sporting go^s unit, pointed out that the order applies only to the manufacture of fishing tackle and not to the sale of tackle already on hand and to be produced until May 31.
A total of 171 firms are in the industry, which is approximately 15 percent converted to war work, with some manufacturers converted 50 percent.
WPB takes control of all nickel scrap and orders segregation
The War Production Board on April 23 went after an additional source of badly needed nickel by establishing complete control over nickel scrap.
Order M-6-c, issued by Director of industry Operations Knowlson requires segregation of scrap containing more than one-half of 1 percent nickel by weight and permits its melting only for^uthor-ized uses. An increase of 150 percent in available nickel scrap is expected as a result of the order.
To whom deliveries are permitted
Deliveries of nickel scrap may be made to a scrap dealer, but he may, in turn, deliver only under these circumstances:
To a melter who is currently receiving allocations of nickel, for use in products for which the allocation is made.
To a melter who is not receiving allocations of nickel, hut who has orders bearing ratings higher than A-2 which call for nickel.
Persons other than melters are restricted to a 30-day accumulation of nickel scrap, unless the nickel content is less than 100 pounds.
Segregation of nickel scrap by all persons who handle it is required by the order. Nickel scrap must not‘only be kept separate from other scrap, but various grades and degrees of content of nickel scrap must be segregated.
Purchase orders for nickel scrap or secondary nickel must bear a certification that the purchaser is authorized to receive nickel and that the material will be used only as permitted by the order.
Persons who must report
Reports are required by the 15th of each month from these persons:
Those who generate in their own operations scrap containing more than 500 pounds of nickel content per month.
Those who have on hand at the end of a month scrap containing more than 500 pounds of nickel content.
Those who have on hand at the end of a month more than 30 days accumulation of scrap generated in home operations, if the nickel content is more than 100 pounds.
The order was effective immediately, and will continue in effect until revoked.
★ ★ ★
Priority plea to be returned unless it dates delivery
All applications for priority assistance which do not specify a required delivery date will hereafter be returned to the applicant by the War Production Board, it was announced April 23 by Industry Operations Director Knowlson.
April 28, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
15
Elastic fabric for foundations cut in half by WPB to make supply on hand last longer
The War Production Board has reduced the amount of elastic fabric that may be used in corsets, girdles, combinations, brassieres, and similar women’s apparel, in order to make supplies now on hand last as long as possible.
Number can be doubled
The apparel section, WPB, estimates that as a result of the order the number of garments which can be made available for women will ultimately be doubled, and that production from present stocks of elastic fabric will be extended by at least eight or nine months. Therefore, adequate supplies of corsets, girdles, combinations, and brassieres will be available for many months ahead, particularly since retail stores have large stocks on hand at the present time, Stanley Marcus, chief of the WPB apparel section, said.
Orders L-90 and L-90-a, issued April 23, have the effect of reducing the amount of elastic fabric that may be used in such garments by approximately 50 percent. In addition the number of garments a manufacturer may cut or knit in any month is limited to 75 percent of his average monthly production during the three months ended March 31,1941. The cut is to be applied pro rata for the balance of April.
Entire industry affected
A manufacturer is prohibited, however, from using any rubber yarn and elastic thread which was frozen under order M-124, on March 28, 1942.
The entire corset, combination, and brassiere industry will be affected, as well as mills knitting and weaving fabrics for use in such apparel.
The order provides different limits for corsets, panty-girdles, and combinations of three types, based upon the character and weights of the various elastic materials:
Class One Garments—This class is the surgical type corset and combination which may depend on front, back, or side lacing for adjustment.
Class Two Garments—This class covers heavy weight foundation type garments.
Class Three Garments—This class Covers a lighter weight foundation type garment.
WPB grants air conditioning, refrigeration high ratings on materials for repair
The War Production Board has granted high preference ratings for deliveries of materials needed for repairs to air conditioning and refrigeration equipment.
The top rating—A-l-a—is available in the case of an actual break-down of equipment used primarily to process, transport or store food and dairy products for the Army, Navy or Maritime Commission, or used in cold storage warehouses, meat-packing houses under U. S. Government inspection and blast furnace air conditioning.
All ratings in “A” class
Other ratings, each in the “A” class, are provided to avert break-downs of essential equipment and to maintain emergency repair service for existing equipment of all types, except domestic mechanical refrigerators. No rating is available for repairs to household refrigerators.
The program is set forth in Preference Rating Order P-126, and will be administered by WPB’s air conditioning and commercial refrigeration branch. Ratings assigned under the terms of the order will be available only until June 30.
List of preferences available
In addition to the A-l-a rating in the case of actual break-downs of equipment deemed most essential for the country’s health and safety, the order makes available the following ratings:
A-3 to avert an immediately threatened break-down of any of the types of equipment listed above for which the A-l-a rating is available in case of actual break-down.
A-3 in the case of actual break-downs of equipment used generally to process, transport or store food and dairy products, including equipment in retail establishments where food is stored or served, and used in manufacturing plants actually engaged in filling Defense Orders as defined in Priorities Regulation No. 1.
A-8 to avert an immediately threatened break-down of any of the types of equipment covered in the A-3 classification as listed in the preceding paragraph.
A-8 for emergency service to all other types of air conditioning and refrigerating equipment, except domestic mechanical refrigerators, and for deliveries of materials needed to maintain an emergency service Inventory.	'
Usable only by approved agencies
The ratings may be applied only by designated emergency service agencies and their suppliers. In order to obtain designation, an agency must be regularly authorized to represent a manufacturer, owner or lessee of air conditioning or
refrigerating equipment, and must obtain a serial number from WPB after first making application on Form PD-399.
.★ ★ ★
2 firms get 6-month suspension of priority aid for illegal deals in scarce chemicals
“Black market” operations in scarce chemicals, which had resulted in profits of more than 100 percent to two New York City firms, backfired April 24 as the WPB announced suspension orders directed against the Acme Chemical Company, Inc., Rona Chemicals, and Hans Lowey and Leroy G. Cohen, principals in the illegal transactions.
The orders, S-41 and S-42, effective April 23, state that priority assistance had been extended to the Acme Chemical Company, Inc., to purchase acetic anhydride and salicylic acid for use in the manufacture of aspirin. Some of the material acquired with this assistance was used for the purpose stated in the company’s application. However, Rona Chemicals, acting as agent for Acme, sold at least 8,160 pounds of the acetic anhydride and approximately 800 pounds of the salicylic acid. Rona also contracted to sell an additional 5,000 pounds of the acetic anhydride.
Further violations of priority orders by these two companies include the unauthorized extension by Acme of its preference ratings to the purchase of 720 gallons of iso-propyl alcohol, and the sale by Rona, again acting as agent for Acme, of this alcohol.
★ ★ ★
Chlorine for rag stock process now limited on per ton basis
A change in the method of computing the permissible use of chlorine in the treatment of rag stock under General Limitation Order No. L-ll has been ordered by the War Production Board.
Order L-ll limited the use of chlorine in the treatment of rag stock according to the total amount consumed during a base period. Amendment No. 1, effective April 20, changes the basis of limitation to the amount used per ton of rag stock treated.
16
★ VICTORY ★
April 28, 1942
30 of 55 makers of civilian radios ceased production on April 22 deadline; remaining 25 given more time to convert
At or before midnight April 22 the major part of the country’s radio industry stopped production of radios for civilian use in order to make its entire facilities available for war work. The remainder of the industry will wind up its operations within a few weeks.
Have $780,000,000 in war contracts
Thirty of the 55 companies producing civilian radios ceased putting sets into production when the deadline fixed in WPB order L-44-a was reached. Two other large companies, RCA and Philco, each operating several plants, shut off civilian production at midnight in plants representing more than 80 percent of their total production. These 32 companies already_have war contracts totaling $780,000,000, representing 87 percent of all the war contracts let so far to the home radio industry.
Some given additional time
The remaining 25 companies were given additional time, ranging from 1 to 6 weeks, to produce additional sets in order to facilitate their program of conversion to war work, as provided for in L-44-a. Half of the approximately 410,-000 sets to be produced after the shutoff date will be reserved for export to friendly nations, as requested by the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs and Lend-Lease.
The plants discontinuing civilian production by midnight April 22 produced approximately 57 percent of all the civilian sets, on a dollar basis, sold in 1941. Their sales accounted for approximately $151,000,000 worth of the $263,400,000 worth of home radios manufactured in 1941.
At least six of the concerns stopped civilian production before the first of' March. They ranged from General Motor’s Delco plant to the small Kingston plant, and included also Noblitt-Sparks, Remler, Gilfillan, and Hammarlund.
RCA’s large plant at Camden, representing more than 80 percent of the company’s total production, ceased civilian production on March 5 and is now converted to war work. The company was given an additional 2 weeks to operate its plant at Bloomington, Ind., in order to produce sets for export and to better prepare it to start work on a big war contract the first week in May.
Stewart-Warner ceased its civilian radio production on March 31 and is now engaged in war work.
Philco has closed its two plants in Indiana and Ohio and two of its three plants at Philadelphia. It was given a few weeks longer to operate the third of its Philadelphia plants to turn out sets for export. The bulk of Philco’s facilities is engaged in war work.
R. C. Berner, chief of the WPB radio section, said that the conversion order of March 7 (L-44-a* greatly expedited the conversion of the radio industry to war work. That was true, he said, not only of the 55 companies producing home radio sets but of the 15 or 20 companies manufacturing phonographs and some 250 companies manufacturing radio parts. In fact, he said, the parts companies began conversion almost immediately after the issuance of the order, because the radio companies, faced with a stop-production order and stop-purchase order, cancelled orders for parts and placed no new orders.
War work to which the industry is being converted includes all sorts of detection equipment, used to detect airplanes and ships, and a variety of receiving and transmitting sets for use in airplanes, tanks, trucks, and other ihilitary equipment, and even small sets for individual soldiers.
★	★ ★
Gas cooking stoves may be sold only on A-l 0 or higher orders
Gas cooking stoves are subject to the terms of Limitation Order No. L-79, covering sales and deliveries of plumbing and heating equipment, it was explained April 21 by W. Walter Timmis, chief of the WPB plumbing and heating branch.
Mr. Timmis pointed out that gas ranges are covered by paragraph (1) of the definitions contained in the order.
Gas cooking stoves, and other plumbing and heating items covered by the order, may not be sold except on orders bearing A-10 or better preference ratings, or to. other retailers, jobbers, distributors or manufacturers in accordance with the provisions of the order.
Bar to production of critical industrial machines delayed to preserve schedules
Restrictions on production of critical industrial machinery listed in Limitation Order L-83 have been removed until May 15 to avoid disruption of schedules in plants preparing to convert to the output of war supplies.
Provisions of L-83 remaining in force, however, make it unlawful for manufacturers or distributors to accept orders for such equipment or to make deliveries without WPB approval.
Amendment No. 1, delaying restrictions on production until May 15, will permit manufacturers to continue production on orders that were on their books before L-83 became effective. The order as originally issued was effective April 9.
L. S. Greenleaf, Jr., chief of the special industry machinery .branch, cautioned manufacturers, however, that there is no guarantee that machinery produced on unapproved orders will be permitted to be delivered to the person or persons from whom the orders were received. Before deliveries will be permitted, he said, WPB must be advised of the type of equipment involved, and the use for which it is intended.
★	★ ★
War housing suppliers given 3 months to extend ratings
A supplier of materials entering into the construction of a defense housing project will be permitted to extend a preference rating at any time within 3 months after he becomes entitled to apply it, the WPB ruled in amendments to Preference Rating Orders P-19-c, P-19-d, and P-55, effective April 20.
Formerly such ratings could not be extended after the expiration date of the individual orders.
★	★ ★
Tin segregation required
Segregation of tin plate and tin alloy scrap from other scrap for delivery to steel mills was ordered April 22 by the Director of Industry Operations.
Order M-24-b, which took effect immediately, prohibits mixture of any tin component in a bundle or car of scjap or delivery of a mixed car or bundle.
April 28, 1942
* VICTORY *
17
Ban lifted on sale of women’s, children’s ensembles put into process before April 9
The WPB April 21 lifted restrictions on the sale of women’s and children’s ensembles put into process of manufacture before April 9, 1942. This will permit manufacturers, jobbers, and retailers to clean out present stocks of ensembles.
Other changes
This and other changes are provided for in an amendment to Order L-85.
Other changes include:
1.	Bias sleeves, prohibited in the original order, are now permitted except when the cloth is plaid. Bias sleeves of plaid cloth are still prohibited because of the waste of material involved in matching.
2.	Wool interlining, prohibited in the original order, may be used if the cloth was woven prior to April 9.
3.	Fur trimmings may be used with a wool cloth lining when the wool under the fur is an integral part of the body of the coat. This provision makes it unnecessary to cut out material under fur when that material is actually a part of the body of the coat.
4.	The top of a two-piece dress is required to conform with the length restriction on jackets.
5.	The prohibition against cuffs on slacks is extended to riding breeches, jodhpurs, ski pants, play suits, overalls, and coveralls.
6.	A blouse made of any material may not have more than one patch pocket. Previously this restriction applied to blouses made of rayon, silk, cotton, linen, or a mixture of these materials.
7.	A jacket may have a two-piece back with a belt attached, provided the belt is stitched on in such a way that there is not more than a half inch overlay of wool cloth on wool cloth at the upper and the lower side of the belt. In the original order a belt was not permitted on a wool jacket.
8.	Flaps on patch pockets are 'prohibited. The original order did not refer to flaps.
9.	The restrictions on pleats in skirts are lifted, provided the quantity of material used in the skirt comes within the restrictions. That is, if a woman does not care to have a skirt as full as is permitted under the order she may use up the difference in pleats.
10.	A schedule of maximum sweeps (circumference of a skirt at the bottom) for suit skirts is added. This was omitted from the original order. It permits a sweep of 78 inches for a size 16, with corresponding sweeps for other sizes.
11.	The restrictions of the order are lifted as to historical costumes for theatrical productions, provided that- such garments are not sold for other purposes unless altered to conform to the provisions of the order.
★ ★ ★
M-116 postponed to avert hardship on industry
Because manufacturers of enameled closures for bottles, cans, and jars already had started processing tin plate for April when Order M-116 was issued April 4, its effective date was postponed until April 30.
Cotton mills told to divert large part of production to bag osnaburgs and sheetings
The WPB has instructed the cotton textile industry to convert a substantial part of its capacity from civilian to military production.
To alleviate shortage
Limitation Order No. L-99 directs the cotton mills to convert specified percentages of their looms now producing a long list of cotton fabrics commonly used in clothing and in the home to the production of bag osnaburg and bag sheetings.
The loom allocations to osnaburg and bag sheetings were made on a basis that, in the opinion of WPB’s Civilian Supply Division, will not reduce the production of the fabrics now being manufactured below a point which will satisfy essential civilian requirements.
The order was issued after months of careful investigation of its feasibility and after it had been dovetailed into a complete conversion plan for the cotton textile industry. It will approximately double the production of osnaburg and bag sheetings needed in the war program for sand bags, camouflage cloth, and food and agricultural bags.
Other orders on civilian fabrics
In explaining the order to the cotton textile industry, at â meeting April 20 of the WPB cotton mill advisory committee, Mr. Walton said that the WPB will issue additional orders soon dealing with essential civilian fabrics, and mills required under these forthcoming orders to manufacture specified essential civilian fabrics will be regarded by the WPB as having converted to war production. -
“It is just as important for the winning of the war to provide work clothing for the men and women who work in our bombing plants as it is to provide sand bags to protect our buildings against enemy bombers,” Mr. Walton said.
The plan now being worked out by the WPB calls for increasing the production of cotton fabrics from the 9,045,-000,000 square yards in 1939 to 14,000,-000,000 this year and 15,000,000,000 in 1943.
Allocations for bag osnaburg
Under Order L-99 cotton mills are directed to allocate to the production of bag osnaburg the following percentages of their looms:
1.	20 percent of all looms operating on bedtickings. Bedtickings are used mainly in the production of mattresses and pillows.
2.	20 percent of all looms operating on cottonades and suiting coverts. These fabrics are used mainly in men’s semidress and work clothing, and industrial uniforms.
3.	20 percent of all looms operating on colored yarn suitings (other than cottonades, suiting coverts and whipcords). These fabrics are used in men’s and women’s sportswear, such as slacks and shorts, and in other apparel for men.
4.	20 percent of all looms operating on denims. Denim is used mainly in coveralls and other work clothing.
5.	20 percent of all looms operating on pin stripes; pin checks, hickory stripes, etc. This material is similar to denim and has similar usps.
6.	20 percent of all looms operating on drapery, upholstery and tapestry fabrics.
7.	20 percent of all looms operating on turkish and terry woven towels and toweling, used for bath towels, beach towels, beach robes, etc.
8.	20 percent of all looms operating on buck, damask, and Jacquard woven towels and toweling, for face towels.
9.	100 percent of all looms operating on osnaburg of any construction. That is, all looms now producing any kind of osnaburg must produce the bag osnaburg specified in the order.
Allocations for bag sheetings
The bag sheetings allocations of loom capacity are as follows:
1.	40 percent of all looms operating on outing flannels, used chiefly' in sleeping garments.
2.	40 percent of all looms operating on all other napped fabrics except canton flannels, work shirt flannels, and blankets. Fabrics used in athletic and sports wear, decorative fabrics, trimmings, linings and a long list of other items are included in the conversion program.
3.	40 percent of all looms operating on soft-filled sheetings. This fnaterial has many uses in the home.
4.	50 percent of all loom^ operating on Class C sheetings. This is ur 16 under the auspices of the ODT to work out plans for obtaining maximum use of farm vehicles for the duration of the war.
Must conserve existing supply
To lay the basis for an effective program to conserve motor vehicles used to haul farm products and supplies between farm and consumer, the group heard reports on the rubber, spare parts, and maintenance situations.
Speakers included Joseph B. Eastman, director of Defense Transportation; Grover Hill, assistant secretary of Agriculture; M. Clifford Townsend, director of the Office of Agricultural Defense Relations, and Robert Hicks, chief of the farm vehicle section, division of motor transport, Office of Defense Transportation.
Summarizing results of investigations into farm products transportation, Mr. Hicks said, (in part):
The .truck and the automobile are so extremely important in the marketing of farm products that it is vital for the farmer to do everything possible to conserve the existing supply of vehicles, tires, and parts.
At the same time, the increased wartime output of farm products must be transported, not only in 1942 but in later years as well, from the farms to the points of consumption here and abroad. . . .
Investigations by the division of motor transport, directed by John L. Rogers, prove that there is a great deal of unnecessary duplication and inefficiency in country assembly and city distribution. Reports received from the Department of Agriculture on dairy products, livestock and other commodities indicate the amount of duplication which exists at the present time.
16 named to head motor transport field offices carrying out war program
Managers have been appointed for 16 of the 51 field offices to be established by the division of motor transport, Joseph B. Eastman, Director of Defense Transportation, announced April 21.
In addition to the administration of the various programs undertaken by the division of motor transport, the field offices will assist the War and Navy Departments and other shippers of war materials in making arrangements for motor transport and will assist in coordinating and mobilizing motor vehicle equipment to meet war requirements.
Location of field offices established to date, and the managers appointed for each, are as follows:
Indianapolis, Ind.—George F. Burnett. Mr. Burnett was formerly president and general manager of his own automobile transport company.
Jacksonville, Fla.—H. E. McDaniel, formerly executive secretary of the Florida Trucking Association, Inc.
New York, N. Y. — William J. Clarke, formerly secretary-treasurer and general manager of the Highway Express Lines. Philadelphia, Pa.
Hartford, Conn.—John Maerz. Mr. Maerz formerly practiced before the Interstate Commerce Commission.
Dallas, Tex.—8. J. Cole, formerly secretary and manager of the Common Carrier Motor Freight Association of Dallas.
Phoenix, Ariz.—William Cox, formerly manager of the motor transport dispatch office established under the Office of Defense Transportation at Phoenix.
Atlanta, Ga.—John G. Caley, formerly general manager of the Carolina Freight Corporation.
Denver, Col.^—B. Robert Baker, formerly executive secretary and treasurer of the Colorado Motor Carriers Association.
Portland, Ore. — Herman Sites, formerly president, of the Portland-Pendleton Motor Freight.
San Francisco, Calif.—W. B. Grummel, formerly vice president of the Pacific Inter-mountain Express.
Boston, Mass.—Ell C. Benway, formerly manager of the Motor Truck Club of Massachusetts, Inc.
Charleston, S. C.—William B. Love, Jr., formerly general manager of the Motor Transportation Association of South Carolina.
Spokane, Wash.—Holly I. Smith, formerly vice president and general manager of Caters Motor Freight System.
’Birmingham, Ala.—W. E. Duncan, formerly vice president of the North Alabama Motor Express, Inc.
Little Rock, Ark.—William R. Atkins, formerly safety inspector for the Interstate Commerce Commission’s Bureau of Motor Carriers.
Norfolk, Va.—Maclin Simmons, formerly engaged in the distribution of motor vehicle lubricants In the Norfolk area.
J. H. Hoffman and M. J. Greene, both of Baltimore, Md„ and H. S. Blackwell, of Johnson City, Tenn., have been appointed to the Washington office of the division of motor transport.
30
★ VICTORY ★
April 28, 1942
MANPOWER ...
New commission charged with providing labor for war production when and where needed
The following statement was issued April 20 by Federal Security Administrator McNutt upon his appointment as chairman of the War Manpower Commission:
The War Manpower Commission which the President, the Commander-in-Chief of our total war effort, has created should provide the machinery for making certain that the manpower we need for war production will be available when and where it is needed.
To establish basic national policies
Through this Commission, all the agencies of the Federal Government, working closely with representatives of labor and industry, will be able to develop and maintain coordinated labor supply policies and programs on a voluntary and democratic basis. At the present time I can see no need for the building up of a large administrative staff to do this work. I believe that we can carry on most of the functions through the existing agencies.
The Commission has been charged by the President with the formulation of plans and programs and the establishment of basic national policies to assure the most effective mobilization and maximum utilization of the Nation’s manpower in the prosecution of the war, and the issuance of such policy and operating directives as may be necessary.
Other functions
Its other functions will include:
“Estimating the requirements of manpower for industry, reviewing all other estimates of needs for military, agricultural, and civilian manpower, and directing the several departments and agencies of the Federal Government as to the proper allocation of available manpower.”
It will determine basic policies for the collection and compilation of labor market data by Federal departments and agencies, and it will establish policies and prescribe regulations governing all Federal programs relating to the recruitment, vocational training, and placement of workers to meet the needs of industry and agriculture.
It will also prescribe basic policies governing the filling of the Federal Govem-
ment’s requirements for manpower, excluding those of the military and naval forces, and issue such operating directives as may be necessary.
Does not replace existing machinery
Finally, it is charged with formulating legislative programs designed to facilitate the most effective mobilization and utilization of the manpower of the country.
The Commission does not replace the existing machinery for collective bargaining, mediation, and the settling of labor disputes, which is already being carried on by other Government agencies.
I want to emphasize that in my opinion the primary reason for my designation as chairman of this Commission is that many of the activities with which the Commission will be concerned are already operating within the Federal Security Agency. These include the United States Employment Service, with its basic responsibility for recruiting labor, and the wartime training programs carried out through the United States Office of Education, the Civilian Conservation Corps, and the National Youth Administration.
Takes 18 workers to equip a fighter
It takes 18 industrial workers to equip a single fighting man. Human labor is the one element for which there is no substitute, and unless we devise methods to conserve and allocate our available labor supply, our production machinery and our industrial plants will not be able to provide the armaments we need.
We will need 10,500,000 additional skilled and lesser skilled workers in war production.
At least 2 million additional young men will be drawn from the labor market for service with the armed forces.
Agriculture will need labor to meet its essential production goals.
Serious shortage of skilled workers
Our transportation system will need workers to keep raw materials and finished products flowing to the places where they are required.
There is already a serious deficiency in the number of skilled workers available for industry. These shortages are currently critical in many occupations.
For example, for every skilled tool designer available, 51 are needed. The ratio of demand and supply of tool makers is 25 to 1; for ship carpenters, 7 to 1; for marine machinists, 22 to 1; for aircraft riveters, 4 to 1.
These are among the steps the Commission will have to consider:
1.	We shall have to decide where our available labor supply is most urgently needed.
(a)	We shall have to make a careful determination of the manpower and woman power required by the armed forces, by war industry, by agriculture, by transportation and by civilian production.
(b)	We shall have to obtain the necessary information concerning occupational skills possessed by each man and woman to make sure that all or us are serving where we are most urgently needed. This data is now being obtained from Selective Service registrants through an occupational questionnaire.
(c)	Arrangements will have to be made for supplying labor to various war industrial plants in accordance with the urgency of the need for the products each plant turns out.
Need to make most effective use
2.	In order to obtain the most effective use of our limited supply of skilled workers we must make sure that:
(a)	Employers use their skilled workers only at jobs where such skills are required.
(b)	Skilled workers are hired through an orderly process guaranteeing that factories engaged in the most urgent war production receive first call on the available supply.
(c)	Manpower is allocated between the armed forces and industry in such a way as to provide for mcst effective utilisation of men whose skills are essential to the war production.
3.	In order to make full use of presently unemployed workers we must make sure that:
(a)	War contracts are placed in areas in which there are now large numbers of unemployed and that further concentration of war production is avoided in areas of labor shortage.
(b)	Effective measures are enforced to insure full utilization of local labor.
Must mobilize full manpower
4.	In order to mobilize the full manpower and womanpower of the country to meet the prospective needs of the war program we must:
(a)	Utilize women in industries where they are best fitted to serve, and under proper working conditions.
(b)	Utilize on a full-time basis in war industry workers who are now partially employed.
(c)	Expand our program of industrial training as fully as possible.
(A) Tap all available labor supplies, such as the millions of Negroes and loyal foreign-born workers not now in war production.
Most of the 13,000,000 war production workers who will be placed in jobs during
April 28, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
31
the next year will come from those who are now employed in nonwar industries.
I hope this shift will be accomplished largely by the conversion of plants and their regular labor force from civilian to war production.
Other workers will be drawn from the unemployed. We shall also need at least several million new recruits—women, young people, self-employed persons, and retired workers.
Labor “pirating” decried
At the present time many of our war production plants are obtaining many workers by “pirating” them from other employers in the same or related industries. Labor scouts are now traveling about the country enticing skilled workers to leave their jobs for higher wages without regard for the essential nature of the work at which these workers are now employed. As a matter of fact, one aircraft producer has hired away a number of workers employed by the very firm which was making wings for his own planes.
This “pirating” forces the employer who may be temporarily unable to use all his skilled workers to rétain them at all. costs, lest some other employer hire them away permanently. The result is labor hoarding—skilled workers being held for future work while nearby plants attempt to secure such workers through advertising and labor scouting.
Other factors intensify shortages
Many employers have continued to assign skilled workers to jobs which workers of lesser skill could perform. They Have sought to recruit nighly skilled machinists when semiskilled machine operators were fully qualified for the job to be done. Substantial numbers of skilled and semiskilled workers of the kind most needed at present are now engaged in nonwar activities. Many of these workers may be reluctant to transfer to war jobs because they fear that they will lose their seniority rights or because wages and working conditions may be less favorable or because of bad housing and other living conditions in war industry centers.
All of these factors artificially intensify skilled labor shortages which now exist.
Some areas crowded* others short
There are some localities in which we already have not only a shortage of highly skilled labor, but also a general shortage of labor of lesser skill. At the same time, in other parts of the country we have large surpluses of workers whose services are vitally needed in the shortage areas. Part of this current' picture
Assignment Service seeks 16,000 doctors for forces in ’42, regards public’s need
Paul V. McNutt, chairman of the War Manpower Commission, announced April 21 that the Procurement and Assignment Service for Physicians, Dentists, and Veterinarians had started its machinery to secure 16,000 physicians and 3,000 dentists for the armed forces before the end of 1942, without weakening the medical structure for civil and industrial populations.
To round out inventory
An official enrollment form and a new questionnaire is now being mailed to every man licensed in the three professions. There are 186,000 licensed physicians, 71,000 dentists, and 12,000 veterinarians.
“The pew questionnaires supplement those circulated as early as 1940 by the professions in order to make inventory of those available for military service,” said Mr. McNutt. “They also supplement information previously requested by asking about experiences in foreign countries, the ability to speak and understand foreign languages, by asking about hobbies which may be "of value, such as special knowledge of photography, cryptanalysis and similar subjects.”
Any physician or dentist who does not receive an enrollment form by May 10 will know his name is not on record and should write for the form to the National Roster of Scientific and Specialized Personnel, Washington, D. C.
Every physician will also have the opportunity to indicate whether he would prefer service with the Army, Navy, field of public health, industry, care of veterans, essential research, teaching, or pri-•vate practice.
“Dentists and veterinarians will also have the opportunity to indicate their orders of preference,” Mr. McNutt continued.
Due regard for public needs
In regard to the needs of the civilian and industrial population in view of the depletion of available physicians in their communities, Mr. McNutt said the President had “charged us with maintaining due regard for the needs of the public.”
The first step in this direction is the continuation of medical education.
“The Secretary of the Navy recently approved a change in Navy regulations whereby it is now possible for persons who have been accepted for entrance in the next'entering class and all medical students in Class A medical colleges and all dental students in approved dental colleges to be appointed in the United States Naval Reserve with the commission Ensign H-V (P) provided they meet the physical and other requirements for such appoihtment,” said Mr. McNutt.
“The Secretary of War has authorized the commission as Second Lieutenant, Medical Administrative Corps, United States Army, of young men of similar status. These men are not subject to induction under the Selective Service Acts. The Army and Navy authorities will defer calling these officers to active duty until they have completed their medical education, and one year internship.”
All interns^hould apply for commissions as First Lieutenant, Medical or Dental Corps, United States Army, or as Lieutenant (j. g.) United States Navy or Naval Reserve.
arises from the fact that our war industries have not always been expanded in the localities in which there was the greatest amount of available labor. . . .
“Positive action taken in time ..
Local labor shortages have been unnecessarily intensified by discriminatory hiring practices. In one overcrowded war industry center, native white workers have been imported from hundreds of miles away although fully qualified Negro and loyal foreign-born workers were available at the plant’s doorstep. In other cases employers still turn down fully qualified applicants locally available merely because they are women or too old or physically handicapped,
If this is to be a long war—and I think we must make that assumption^we must now face the fact that we may be confronted with an over-all Nation-wide labor shortage. The task of manpower mobilization will not only involve the problems which I have already described, but also that of planning our labor supply budget to make sure that we will be prepared to meet any general labor shortage'which may occur. The experience of England and of other countries clearly proves the necessity for dealing with these problems before they become serious. Positive action taken in time will prevent the necessity for more drastic measures later on.

32
★ VICTORY ★
April 28, 1942
Landis orders further streamlining of OCD to cut red tape, duplication
A further reorganization of the Washington office of the Office of Civilian Defense has been ordered by Director James M. Landis to eliminate duplication of function, red tape, and unnecessary activities, he announced on April 27.
Abolished is the position of chief of area office supervision through which contacts of the heads of the operating divisions with the field staff were channeled. Abolished also is the office of deputy director. Instead there is created the office of special assistant to the director to perform special duties as they arise. The Federal and State liaison functions are transferred directly to the operating division m accordance with the particular functions of each.
The reports and analysis section and .the procedures and distribution section of the area office supervision division are transferred to the administrative division, for coordination with other similar activities of the OCD.
An additional office of special assistant to the director has been created for the purpose of the over-all coordination of policy matters to be brought to the attention of the director and to handle the preliminary clearance of detailed policy matters for the director.
The division of public advice and counsel is created to prepare, review, and pass upon informational, educational, and in
structional material concerning civilian defense measures to be disseminated to the public and to appropriate officials of the Federal, State, and local governments.
The office of executive assistant to the director will be retained with the duties of providing executive direction in the preparation of regulations, reports, important correspondence, etc. This officer will also act as liaison among the divisions of the office.
A legal division is established to direct the legal activities of the office and provide legal advice and assistance where such problems arise in the activities of the operating divisions.
The duties and responsibilities of the civilian protection division, the medical division, the mobilization division, and the civil air patrol are modified only to relate ther activities to the terms of the recent revised Executive order on the Office of Civilian Defense and to eliminate some duplications of function. The office of assistant director in charge of plant protection becomes the office of assistant director in charge of plant defense organization.
The administrative divisipn is reorganized to integrate internal management functions and to assume certain of the administrative activities and responsibilities which were previously conducted in the several divisions.
WAR EFFORT INDICES
MANPOWER
National labor force, Mar_:____ 54,000, 000
Unemployed, Mar________________ 3,600,000
Nonagricultural workers, Feb___ 39,842, 000
Percent increase since June 1940_	♦ * 14
Farm employment, April 1, 1942_	9,483,000
Percent decrease since June 1940.	* *4
(In millions
FINANCE	Of dollars')
Authorized program June 1940-Mar.
31,	1942_______________________1137,278
Ordnance___________________________ 31, 394
Airplanes________________________ 26,796
Mise, munitions__________________ 17, 324
Naval ships _____________________ 15, 426
Industrial facilities..—.________	14,017
Merchant ships___________________ 7, 484
Posts, depots, etc_______________ 7,061
Stock pile, food exports_________	5. 791
Pay, subsistence, travel for the armed forces__________________ 4,180
Housing_________________1________ 1, 392
Miscellaneous____________________ 6, 413
Contracts and other commitments
June 1940-Mar. 31, 1942_________... *99,328
Total expenditures, June 1940-Mar.
31,	1942________________________ *22, 860
PRODUCTION	....
(In millions
June 19V) to latest reporting date of dollars)
Gov. commitments for plant expan-
sion; 1,060 projects, Feb. 28______ 9, 281
Private commitments for plant ex-
pansion; 7,366 projects, Mar. 31___	' 2, 333
EARNINGS, HOURS, AND
COST OF LIVING	Percent
Manufacturing industries—	,rfromS6
‘ February	jUne
Average weekly earn-	19V>
ings________________________$35.76	38.7
Average hours worked
per week____________________ 42. 2	12.5
Average hourly earnings ___________________ 80. 30	19. 5
Cost of Living, Mar. (1935- Index
39=100)______________________114.3	13.7
♦ Preliminary.
t Preliminary and excludes authorizations in Naval Supply Act for fiscal year 1943.
** Adjusted to avoid reflection wof seasonal changes.
OFFICE FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
Central Administrative Services: Dallas Dort, Director.
Defense Communications Board: James Lawrence Fly, Chairman.
Information Division: Robert W. Horton, Director.
National War Labor Board: Wm. H. Davis, Chairman.
Office of Scientific Research and Development: Dr. Vannevar Bush, Director.
Office of Civilian Defense: James M. Landis, Director.
Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs: Nelson Rockefeller, Coordinator.
Office of Defense Health and Welfare Services: Paul V. McNutt, Director.
Office of Defense Transportation: Joseph B. Eastman, Director.
Office of Facts and Figures: Archibald MacLeish. Director.
Office of Lend-Lease Administration: E. R.
Stettinius, Jr., Administrator.
Wayne Coy, Liaison Officer
Office of Price Administration: Leon Henderson, Administrator.	w
Consumer Division: Dexter M. Keezer, Assistant Administrator, in charge. Dan A. West, Director.
Office of Alien Property Custodian: Leo T. Crowley, Custodian.
War Manpower Commission: Paul V. McNutt, Chairman.
War Relocation Authority: Milton Eisenhower, Director.
War Shipping Administration: Rear Admiral Emory S. -Land, U. S. N. (Retired), Administrator .
War Production Board:
Donald M. Nelson, Chairman.
Henry L. Stimson
.Frank W. Knox.
Jesse H. Jones.
William S. Knudsen.
Sidney Hillman.
Leon Henderson.
Henry A. Wallace.
Harry L. Hopkins.
War Production Board Divisions:
Donald M. Nelson, Chairman.
Executive Secretary, G. Lyle Beisley.
Planning Committee: Robert R. Nathan, - Chairman.
Purchases Division: Houlder Hudgins, Acting Director.
Production Division: W. H. Harrison, Director.
Materials Division: Wm. L. Batt, Director.
Division of Industry Operations: J. S. Knowlson, Director.
Labor Production Division: Wendell Lund, Director.
Civilian Supply Division : Leon Henderson, Director.
Office of Progress Reports: Stacy May, Director.
Requirements Committee: Wm. L. Batt, Chairman.
Statistics Division : Stacy May, Director.
Information Division: Robert W. Horton, Director.
Administrative Division : James G. Robinson, Administrative Officer.
Legal Division: John Lord O’Brian, General Counsel.
«. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 19«