[Victory : Official Weekly Bulletin of the Office of War Information. V. 3, No. 51] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov] OFFICIAL WEEKLY BULLEfTINxOF THE OFFICE OF WAR INFORMATION WASHINGTON, D.C. DECEMBER 15, 1942 VOLUME 3, NUMBER 50 HALF OF CANNED FRUITS, VEGETABLES RESERVED FOR GOVERNMENT Approximately one-half of the estimated 1943 pack of popular canned fruits, vegetables, and juices will be reserved to assure the armed forces, Lend-Lease, and other specified Government agencies an adequate supply of canned foods in 1943-44. The extent to which critical materials such as tin and steel can be used for cans during 1943 was set forth at the same time by WPB with issuance of Order M-81, as amended. The order (1) limits the use of tinplate, terneplate, and blackplate for packing food and nonfood products in cans; (2) specifies the can sizes which may be used for each product; and (3) establishes packing quotas for all the items covered. Conservation Order M-86, as amended, and Supplementary Order M-86-e, issued December 10, direct canners to set aside various percentages of their 1943 pack of 31 fruits, vegetables, and juices. These percentages are based on the amount packed in 1942 (citrus products 1941-42 crop year), and range from 19 percent of the grapefruit pack to 100 percent of the blueberry, fig, blended fruit juice, and carrot pack. The base period for citrus products is the same as that under Supplementary Order M-86-a, as amended on November 23. M-86-e becomes effective on January 1, 1943, but the revision of M-86 was effective December 10. The amount of the total 1943 pack to (.Continued on page 20) U. S. acts to feed beefless communities by evening up wholesale price ceilings Taking the first step in an integrated program which was expected ultimately to ensure a more equitable distribution of the Nation’s„beef supplies available for civilian use, OPA, December 11, set specific dollars and. cents price ceilings on all beef carcasses and wholesale cuts at the slaughterer and wholesaler level. Unaffected by the new order—a revision of the previous beef regulation No. 169—are live cattle transactions, still without direct price curbs, and retail stores, whose individual price tags on meats will continue for the time being to reflect their highest March 1942 sales levels under the general maximum price regulation. Retail beef price adjustments, if and where necessary because of squeezed profit margins, may follow in a later or-,der. Such a projected retail regulation, which may follow the familiar trend of fixed margins over net cost for different types of stores, will be prepared as soon as the wholesale industry has begun to function under its new type of control. Country divided into 10 zones The new dollars and cents ceilings in substance reflect the general level of beef prices prevailing March 16-28, 1942. They apply to packers and wholesalers operating in ten named zones, which embrace the entire country and have Kansas City, Mo., as the basing point. The regulation is effective December 16, 1942 (except for sales to war procurement agencies, for which the effective date weis December 10). On beef, the new fixed maximums supersede ceilings set under the original Maximum Price Regulation No. 169. The revised regulation makes no change in price ceilings for veal carcasses and cuts and processed products, including sausage. The new wholesale ceiling prices on beef are designed to reflect to farmers prices for their live cattle slightly in excess of the average September 1942 levels. Stops sales only to high-ceiling retailers The current regulation may result in some cases in a moderate price rise over wholesale maximums now prevailing on beef. For example, good grade beef in Kansas City under the previous individual packer and wholesale ceilings averaged around 19 % cents per pound at wholesale. Under the new order, it will be fixed at 21 cents per pound. However, prices of many other packers or wholesalers with abnormally high ceilings will be cut back. Those with unusually low maximums now will find their permitted sales prices on the dressed product to be higher. The new ceilings will assure every retail storekeeper that the maximum price of his wholesale supplier will be no higher for his competitor than for himself. Such assurance will eliminate the recent practice of wholesalers selling to retailers with higher March ceilings and, in general, shrugging off requests of larger volume operators who lower maximums, (Continued on page 21) 499198’—42 2 ★ VICTORY ★ December 15, 1942 VICTORY CARRY ON ! OFFICIAL BULLETIN of the Office of War Information. Published weekly by the Office of War Information. Printed at the United States Government Printing Office. Subscription rates by mail: 750 for 52 issues; 250 for 13 issues; single copies 50, payable in advance. Remit money order payable directly to the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. ★ ★ ★ In this issue PRICE ADMINISTRATION Page U. S. acts to relieve communities now unable to get beef___________________ 1 Other price actions________________26, 27 RATIONING Government reserves half of 1943 canned fruits and vegetables_______________- 1 Rail gas shipments stopped for 7 States; cars to bring oil east.._____._________ 23 MANPOWER Questions and answers on Selective Service______________________________ 4 Mail-order house grants union maintenance after President acts______________- 7 Manning tables to guide orderly withdrawal of men from industry__________ 8 WMC lists new areas of labor shortage.__ 9 AGRICULTURE Can meet food needs only by careful management, Wickard warns______________ 10 How to tell whether a farm worker can be deferred from draft_________________ 11 WAR PRODUCTION 58 more workers win awards for boosting output__________________________——- 12 War expenditures turn upward for November_______________________________ 12 War Facts______-______________________- - 13 New schedules to fit strategy may cause local unemployment__________________ 15 INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS Cuba's President sees North American war plants_____________________-—- 19 CIVILIAN DEFENSE Civil Air Patrol finishes active year with 65,000 enrolled_____-_________-____- 28 WAR INFORMATION Nazis organizing West Europe to resist invasion____________________________ 29 TRANSPORTATION More materials for street car, bus repair in 1943_____________________________ 30 Home town delegations to Bowl games out ODT Director Eastman December 7 made it clear that "home town delegations” and "team followers” are not to be permitted to travel to the bowl football games. In telegrams to the sponsors of the Rose Bowl and Sugar Bowl games, Mr. Eastman said that to supply competing teams with tickets for sale in their home communities would be counter to his request that tickets be distributed only locally. Mr. Eastman wired Robert M. McCurdy, president of the Tournament of Roses, Pasadena, Calif., as follows: ". . . In suggesting local distribution of tickets, primary objective was to avoid any distribution that would cause common carrier travel. We must discourage enthusiasts, alumni and team followers from making these trips this season. Hope that travel from Georgia may be limited to essential players and coaching staff.” A copy of this telegram was transmitted to the Faculty Chairman of Athletics of Georgia University. December 15, 1942 ★ VICTORY ★ 3 On the Home Front Military strategy depends very largely for success upon information—as full and accurate as possible—about the disposition of enemy forces and the amount and quality of enemy supplies and reserves. Lack of such information or inaccurate reports have caused military disasters. The armed forces and military intelligence necessarily must devote a great deal of time and often hazardous effort to getting the facts on which are based offensives, large or small. Thus the preliminary exploration of the situation in French North Africa was more than a daring exploit, it laid the groundwork for all our later movements in that area. More recently, it was vital to naval strategy in the Mediterranean to find out precisely what degree of damage the French fleet at Toulon had suffered. Army food an exact science In the service of supply it is equally necessary to have exact information on the needs of the armed forces in food and equipment adapted to the particular climatic and combat circumstances under which they will be used. Laboratory research by the Quartermaster Department and by private industry has developed an extraordinary variety of products—dehydrated foods, dairy products, and sweets which will stand temperatures ranging from 120° F. to 20 below zero. The final test, however, is not in the laboratory, but in use by our fighting men, and at every point records must be kept, data tabulated. Of course war means bookkeeping In a like manner, our domestic strategy of war production and wartime civilian economy depends on the accumulation of a vast amount of facts and information. To secure this basic information takes time and labor on the part of the Government, time and labor on the part of everyone concerned with war production, or with civilian goods and services. , Whatever the details of the measures used in controlling prices, for example, it is inevitable that at every stage of distribution, from raw materials to finished products, there will be more recordkeeping and bookkeeping than in the case under peacetime conditions. Price control, to be effective, must be based on accurate figures. Since last April, when the general maximum price regula tion went into effect, retail stores have had to file with their local boards ceiling prices on many items of food, clothing, furniture, hardware, and fuel—all of them of greatest importance in the family expense budget. Distributors, manufacturers, and producers of raw materials also must keep a great many records of transactions and report on their stocks of essential goods or products. Extra time and labor is involved in all these operations, yet they pay immense dividends in the billions of dollars saved by consumers. And everyone is a consumer. Employers of labor must keep detailed records of their current labor supply in order to meet production schedules— records as thorough as those of a military “task force.” Next year, it is estimated, one out of every five men now employed in war plants will go into military service. A plan—known as the “manning tables” system — has been worked out so that this can be done without slowing war production. It involves listing 35 necessary war activities and industries, listing necessary jobs within each of these industries, and preparation of schedules in each department of a war plant or war-essential service showing just how long :t will take to train a new worker to replace one taken into service. Replacing men who are called Replacements must be women (women are counted upon to fill about 30 percent of"all war jobs) ; older men and others not subject to the draft, physically handicapped persons, and those who previously have been denied employment because of racial or other prejudice. Under this plan, war workers who would be called into service may be deferred until their places are filled by trained substitutes. More efficient use of our existing war labor force is being developed through the work of labor-management committees in 1,700 war plants through a program for training and upgrading workers and by encouraging a multitude of time- and labor-saving operations. A labor-management group, representing the railroads, is working on a plan to shift labor temporarily from one road to another to meet shortages, and another plan calls for organizing a mobile corps of experienced farm workers, aided by local volunteers, to meet peak-season labor demands. A many-sided problem The whole manpower situation, involving as it does the critical balance between Selective Service and war industry, is by no means a simple problem capable of a single solution. Efficient use of manpower in the broadest sense must take into account (1) the person on the job, (2) the time needed by that person to perform his work or operations, (3) the skill he applies to the work, (4) flexibility in shifting workers to places where they are most needed, and (5) the need to avoid as far as possible, additional population congestion. All of it may be summed up in the words of the President: "The right worker ... in the right place ... at the right time.” Point rationing permits choice In the general policy of wartime record-keeping the consumer plays a vital part, especially in the general rationing program, designed to give all of us a fair share of scarce commodities. If the new “point” system of rationing appears at first glance to be more complicated than the familiar “unit” coupon rationing, it should be remembered that the coupon method, while well adapted to rationing such products as sugar and coffee, which can be divided upon a simple per capita basis, is not suitable for rationing diversified foodstuffs. Tastes vary quite as much as do supplies, and not all persons want the same items in their daily diet. Point rationing allows the consumer a wide range of choice. If, merely by way of example, a shortage should develop in canned fruit juices, because of shipments abroad, it might happen that canned citrus juices would be scarce while canned tomato juice ra-mained plentiful Under such circumstances, citrus juices would have a higher point value than tomato juice, and the customer could then choose between using up more points in buying canned grapefruit juice, or “spreading” his points by selecting tomato juice. REPRINTING PERMISSIBLE Requests have been received for permission to reprint “On the Home Front” in whole or in part. This column, like all other material in 'VICTORY, may be reprinted without special permission. If excerpts are used, the editors ask only that they be taken in such a way that their original meaning is preserved. 4 ★ VICTORY ★ December 15, 1942 SELECTIVE SERVICE QUESTIONS ANSWERED 5» To answer as far as military expediency permits the thousands oi questions raised daily by registrants, prospective registrants, their families and employers, OWI has obtained the major facts about selective service from the WMC Bureau of Selective Service and the Army and Navy and has compiled them in simple question and answer form. It is pointed out that all arrangements and rulings under Selective Service are made for the purpose of obtaining the men needed by the military forces with the least dislocation of vital industry and agriculture, and are therefore subject to the conditions of war. Q. Now that voluntary recruiting by the Army and Navy has been stopped, can anyone get into the armed forces except through Selective Service? A. No, except for women who will continue to be recruited for the WAACS, WAVES, SPARS, and Army and Navy Nurses’ Corps, and a small number of Civilians who may be commissioned in the armed forces. The Army and Navy may enlist specially qualified men over 38. Men who submitted applications for Army and Navy enlistment prior to December 5, 1942, may be enlisted up to December 15. Q. How many will be called through Selective Service this year? A. The full answer is military information but the calls are made on a month-to-month basis, with the Selective Service being notified about two months in advance of the needs of the armed services. The President’s recent executive order directs that the Secretaries of War and Navy, after consulting with the War Manpower Commission Chairman, shall determine the number to be selected. Official estimates have been made that the total armed forces (excluding officers) will be increased from approximately 5,500,000 now to 9,700,000 by the end of 1943 (7,500,000 Army, 1,500,000 Navy, 400,000 Marines, and Coast Guards). This indicates a minimum need of 4,200,000 during 1943, without reference to replacements; Q. When will the 18- and 19-year-olds, who are being registered starting this week, be called into uniform? A- Starting in January. Q. How many of these young men will be called? A. Many had already enlisted, as of December 1, and estimates of those who HALF MILLION MORE WOMEN IN FACTORIES The number of woman factory wage earners increased by more than a half million during the first year of war, Secretary of Labor Perkins reported December 13. This did not include office and other clerical employees, saleswomen, officials, technical and supervisory. “Although well over nine-tenths of the increase in factory wage employment was in the durable goods industries, which traditionally employ relatively few women, female employment increased by 20 percent as compared with an increase of 9 percent for men,” Miss Perkins said. may be available for early calls vary from 600,000 to 900,000. Q. How many soldiers can we get during 1943, out of the 100,000 a month, who attain the age of 18? Finish academic year A. The estimate is 70,000 a month from this group. Married men with children and those whose marriage was contracted at a time when their selection was not imminent, essential workers in industry and agriculture will not be called at once. Some cannot meet the physical qualifications. High-school students in this group will be deferred until the end of the academic year on written request. This provision does not apply to students in college. Q. Will the 18- and 19-year-olds fill the quotas for the early months of 1943? A. Not entirely. Q. In what order will the 18- and 19-year-olds be called? A. In accordance with their dates of birth; older registrants will be called first. There will be no lotteries for this group as were held previously. Except in cases of deferment for dependency or because of occupations, those who are nearly 20 will be called first, then those born 19 years and 10 months ago, then those born 19 years and 9 months ago, and last the just-18’s who will be liable for induction after-they reach their 18th birthdays. Q. Will the 18- and 19-year-olds be called before married men? A. Generally they will. Q. Are married men being called now? A. Yes, in some States, and they will be called generally before many months. Q. Are married men with dependent children being called? A. Not generally. The calling of married men with dependent children, who have acquired dependency status in accordance with Selective Service regulations, requires specific authorization of the National Director of Selective Service and such authorization has not been issued. Q. When will married men who are not deferred by reason of occupation be called, and in what order? A. They fall in three main categories and will be called in this order and at such times as their services are required: 1. Registrants, both married and single, with collateral dependents only. (Mother, father, etc.) 2. Registrants with dependent wives only with whom they maintain a bona fide family relationship. . 3. Registrants with dependent wives and child or children and those with one or more children only, with whom they maintain a bona fide family relationship. Q. In view of the provisions made for necessary payments under the Allowance and Allotments Act, does “dependency” really mean anything in relation to deferment any more? If not, why is there still a 3-A classification? A, Dependency is still a factor in Selective Service classification and 3-A will be continued. The Allowance and Allotments Act merely caused many wives of soldiers and persons who should be soldiers to cease to be dependents. Single men with dependents will < be called-first when it becomes necessary to go into the dependency (3-A) groups, then married men with wife only; then married men with a wife and child or children, or children only; but men with dependents who are not in essential industries or agriculture will be called ahead of other men with dependents. Q. Has occupation become the only ground for deferment, as in England? A. No, but occupation is becoming more important in the classification of registrants. Even in England occupation is not the only ground, since hardship cases are still considered. Q. Since the top limit for induction has been cut from 45 to 38 years of age, does Selective Service or War Manpower Commission have authority to direct the 38- to 45-year-olds into essential industries or war essential agriculture? A. No, but most of the job opportunities will be in those fields. December 15, 1942 ★ VICTORY ★ 5 Q. Will the Army or Navy release its over-38 men for essential industry or agriculture? A. The Army has announced it will release these enlisted (or drafted) men only if they request it and if it is shown that the men are more useful to industry than to the Army and that they will be employed in agriculture or some other essential war industry on their release. Q. How about the Navy enlistments? A. Under the President’s directives, the Navy may recruit men over 38, if they have special aptitudes or skills, and may recruit men under 18. Q. The War Manpower Commission has announced a list of 35 essential industries and within them 3,000 jobs or occupations which are essential. Have alî these lists been sent to the local Selective Service Boards, and if so, to what extent do they govern local board action? A. Starting last April, the Selective Service System has sent to local boards these definitions of essential industries, and occupations within each, as they were certified by a technical War Manpower Commission committee. Thirty-nine such lists have been sent to local boards so far, and others will be sent as the essential jobs are further defined. The lists will vary from time to time and they constitute the latest available advice to the local boards. The listings do not prohibit other deferments which may be made under the law by the local boards. Q. In these 35 essential industries will all workers now classified in Class 3-A be transferred automatically by their local Selective Service boards «to Class 3-B? A. No. Reclassification is not automatic. In the case of agriculture, however, instructions have been sent to local boards to reclassify essential workers on essential farms into 2-C and 3-C. Q. Should a worker, or his employer, make a case for reclassification on the basis of “essential” employes in “essential” industries? A. A case can best be made through “manning tables” and the replacement schedules which supplement the manning table now being put into effect by many war industry employers. Q. Should workers or employers in an essential industry make a case now for reclassification, or should they wait until the worker is called by the local board for examination? A. Application for transfer to 3-B should be made now, preferably by the employer. Q. Will a married man with a wife Hershey heads Selective Service in WMC Establishment of a Bureau of Selective Service within the War Manpower Commission was announced December 9 by Chairman McNutt. The new Bureau will include the Selective Service System, according to an administrative order issued by Chairman McNutt. The Selective Service System was transferred to WMC by the President’s Executive Order. “Maj. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey, as director of Selective Service, will act as head of the new bureau, subject to the direction and supervision of the executive director of the Commission,” Mr. McNutt said. “This organizational arrangement will assure close coordination of the twin wings of the Commission charged with meeting the needs of war manpower—< Selective Service for filling military requirements and the U. S. Employment Service for handling civilian production requirements,” Mr. McNutt said. only, classified 3-B because he is in an essential industry or 3-C because he is in agriculture, be called ahead of a 3-A store clerk, in a nonessential industry, who has 5 children? A. Under present instructions, local boards are not authorized to call married men with children. However, the need for workers in essential industry may become so acute that married men, even with children, in nonessential industries may have to be called ahead of those men with wives only who are engaged in essential industry. Q. If a wife takes a job, how does that affect her husband’s draft status? * A. If the local board finds that the husband is in an essential industry or agriculture, his status will not be affected by his wife’s taking a job but the additional income might change the status of a nonessential worker without children. In general, however, wives by going to work will tend to release some unmarried men for military service. Q. What has Selective Service told local boards about married men? A. Several instructions on dependency have been sent out. The most significant instructions authorize local boards to consider reclassifying single men with collateral dependents and married men without children into Class 1-A. No saturation point Q. Will we reach a saturation point beyond which few additional soldiers will be needed? A. Probably not during wartime. Q. Is there any difference between a “necessary” man and an “essential” man since both have been mentioned in Selec-•tive Service bulletins? A. No. Q. What happens to the nonessential type of worker in agriculture and the 35 essential industries? A. Local boards will place industrial workers in 1-A or, if they have depend- ents, in 3-B, and farm workers, will be placed in 3-A if not engaged in essential jobs and have dependents. Q. What is being done by the local boards with the 38- to 45-year-olds who, under the President’s order, cannot be called? A. They will be put in new class, 4-H. Most of them will find essential jobs in war industries. Q. What are the current classifications of registrants and what do they mean? A. They are: 1-A Registrants available for general military service. 1-A-O Registrants who are conscientious objectors available for noncombatant military service when found acceptable to the land or naval forces. 1-C Registrants who have been inducted into, enlisted in, or appointed to the armed forces. 2-A Registrants who are necessary or essential in their civilian activity. 2-B Registrants who are necessary or essential to the war production program, excluding agriculture. 2-C Necessary or essential men in agriculture. 3-A Registrants with dependents, engaged in less essential industry or less essential agriculture. 3-B Registrants with dependents, engaged in an activity necessary to the war production program. 3-C Registrants with dependents engaged in essential agriculture. 4-A Registrants who before induction have become 45 years of age, since they registered. 4-B Registrants who are deferred specifically by the law itself. 4-C Registrants who are aliens not acceptable to the armed forces or who waived their rights to become citizens to avoid military service. 4-D Registrants who are ministers of religion or divinity students. 4-E Registrants who are conscientious objectors available only for service in civilian work of national importance. 4-F Registrants who are mentally, morally, or physically unacceptable to the armed forces. 4-H Registrants who are 38 to 45 years of age. New class. Q."How many have been registered and classified? A. Registration—JJ. S. Total (as of Sept. 30, 1942), 26,151,913; Unclassified, 1,948,238; Classified, 24,203,675. 6 ★ VICTORY ★ December 15, 1942 New management-labor spirit is growing, says Lund Through labor-management committees in war industry, a new spirit of work is being found by the “Boss” as well as the laborer, Wendell Lund, director of the WPB labor production division, toldX a United-Labor-For-Victory mass meeting at Dayton, Ohio, December 7. He declared that “it is time when management and labor must explore the areas of common interest and establish a working partnership.” Mr. Lund said that the antistrike pledge of organized labor has resulted in an operations rate of better than 99 percent in war production industry so far as freedom from stoppages due to labor disputes is concerned. Additional appointments of outstanding labor men to important posts in WPB operating divisions will be made in coming weeks and months, he predicted. “Every man in overalls is a source of ideas as to how to produce more and better guns and planes and tanks and ships,” Mr. Lund said. Strikes at 5-year low OWI December 9 released a chart based on National War Labor Board figures showing that man-days of idleness due to strikes in all industry have dropped during a year of war to the lowest level of the past 5 years. While the number of men employed in industry has risen from a monthly average of 30,545,000 in 1937 to 36,621,000 for the first 10 months of 1942, the average number of man-days of idleness due to strikes has fallen in that period from 2,369,000 to 397,000. Man-days of idleness for the first 10 months of this year are only 28 percent of the average for the last 5 years of peace, though monthly employment in 1942 was up 119 percent of the 5-year average. The percentage of time lost in war-industry strikes since Pearl Harbor has never risen above one-tenth of 1 percent of the number of man-days worked. ★ ★ ★ Knappen named OP A economist Laurence S. Knappen, principal economist, has been appointed head of the economic analysis section of the OPA consumers durable goods price branch, the OPA announced December 9. Detroit management-labor committee approves plan to stabilize worker forces The Detroit management-labor committee last week approved a plan announced by WMC to eliminate labor pirating and the changing of jobs by workers solely for considerations of higher pay. The plan is to be submitted to war industries and labor unions in the area for approval. “There is nothing in the plan that freezes a man on his job,” Montague A. Clark, Michigan WMC director, commented. “The district organizations of the WMC have neither the authority nor the desire to force the workers to remain on any job which is not using his skill to the greatest possible degree under full-time employment in a war plant 'or other essential industry.” Mr. Clark pointed out that this is not a “freeze” order, but rather a voluntary agreement opening the way for management and labor to cooperate in solving Detroit’s growing manpower problem. To regulate clearance for employment, the plan provides that “employers will refuse to hire or solicit workers from other essential industries within the area, unless the applicant presents a certificate of release from his former employer or from the review unit of USES. “Workers whose requests for the certificate are refused by the employer may appeal to the review unit. Workers or employers may appeal any decision of the review unit to the District War Manpower Committee for final action. Both workers and employers shall be notified of the time and place of the review by the USES and the appeal, if any, before the War Manpower Committee, and have the right to appear before and be heard by the USES or the committee or to be represented.” The circumstances considered acceptable for changing employment, as outlined by the plan, are: When a worker is competent to perform higher skilled work than his current employer is able or willing to provide. When a worker is employed for a substantial period at less than full time. “Full-time employment” at this time is understood to be 40 hours per week; or the working hours and periods of time as specified in existing union agreements. When the distance between the work er’s home and place of employment is unreasonably great . . . When the worker has compelling personal reasons for wishing to change. When the worker is employed at wages or under working conditions substantially less favorable than those prevailing in the community for the kind of work on which he is employed. If the worker is not employed full time or at his highest skill, the plan provides that he may change his job and maintain his seniority status with his former employer. The plan prohibits employers from advertising, recruiting, or scouting for workers without clearance from the USES or Government contract agency for which the plant is producing materials, and unless the advertisement contains a clause that only persons eligible for employment under the WMC employment stabilization plan need apply. ★ ★ ★ Report offers unions help in safety work How labor unions can aid in reducing the tremendous annual loss of productive time and skill resulting from industrial injuries is outlined in a report by the Division of Labor Standards of the U. S. Department of Labor. Sponsored by the six labor members of the National Committee for the Conservation of Manpower in War Industries—John Coyne, John Frey, and Eric Peterson of the AFL, Clinton Golden, Herbert Payne, and Stanley Ruttenberg of the CIO—the report on Labor Safety Service calls upon organized labor to intensify its interest in industrial safety, points out specific safety activities in which local unions can effectively engage, and tells how the Department of Labor can help them in each activity. Included are brief reports on welding hazards and hazards in the fabrication of synthetic rubber articles. The report, which is expected to be particularly useful to regional and local union representatives, shop stewards, and others whose position enables them to participate directly in safety work, may be obtained upon request to the Division of Labor Standards, U. S. Department of Labor, Washington, D. C. December 15, 1942 ★ VICTORY ★ 7 Montgomery Ward grants maintenance of membership on order of the President Montgomery Ward & Co., announced last week that it would obey the President’s second request for compliance with an order of the National War Labor Board. On November 5, _the Board unanimously directed the company to sign a contract with the United Mail Order, Warehouse and Retail Employes Union, CIO, representing 6,800 of the company’s employes in Chicago. Main provision of the order was a maintenance of membership and checkoff clause, including a provision allowing the employes fifteen days to resign from the union if they did not wish to be bound by the clause. On November 17, the Board received a letter from the company rejecting the Board order, but saying it would comply if directed to do so by the President. President Roosevelt, on November 18, wrote to Sewell Avery, president of the company: “As Commander-in-Chief in time of war, I expect all employers, including Montgomery Ward and Company, and all labor groups to comply with the provisions of Executive Order 9017, as supplemented by Executive Order 9230. I, therefore, direct Montgomery Ward and Company to comply, without further delay, with the National War Labor Board’s Directive Order of November 5, 1942. I consider such a course of action essential in the interests of our war effort.” Mr. Avery replied that the President’s order would be “promptly obeyed.” - Negotiation of a contract on the basis of the President’s order failed, however, when the company insisted on including in the contract itself a charge that the provisions ordered by the WLB were “illegal and unsound” and were being incorporated “on the company’s part under duress, and only because the President of the United States, as Commander-in-Chief in time of war has expressly ordered that they be included.” Derby protests company’s stand At a hearing in Washington on December 8, several Board members attacked the company’s position. Harry L. Derby, president of American Cyan-amid and Chemical Company, and an employer member of the WLB, said in part: The reason that I voted for the imposition of a maintenance-of-membership clause in this case was that I believed that simple Justice required that I so do, and if I had it to do over again, I would do the same thing. Now I want to say this, that when this Board, constituted as it is on a tripartite basis, can’t decide these things in the light of Justice the way that we see it, without being subjected to untruthful attacks, then I say to you that this form of Government is seriously Jeopardized. I want to say this, that in my humble opinion, Montgomery Ward has done the greatest disservice to industry and the private enterprise system, of any concern in the United States, and I feel that Just as strongly as I can. The WLB then directed the company to include in the contract to be negotiated this sentence: “The following clauses are verbatim copies of clauses contained in the Directive Order of the National War Labor Board dated November 5, 1942, and are included after protest in compliance with the Order of the President of the United States, dated November 18, 1942.” The company again refused to comply with the Board’s order unless directed to do so by the President. On December 12 the President wrote to Mr. Avery as follows: “As Commander-in-Chief in time of war I hereby direct Montgomery Ward & Co, to comply, without further delay, with the National War Labor Board’s directive order of December 8, 1942.” OPA, Navy to set employes’ wages The Board last week delegated to the Navy Department and to the OPA the authority to make wage and salary adjustments for certain groups of their employes. Similar authority had previously been delegated to the War Department. In General Order No. 18, the WLB authorized the Navy to rule upon all applications for wage adjustments, coming within the jurisdiction of the Board, for per diem civilian employees of the Navy within continental United States and Alaska. The order covers approximately 480,000 employees who are employed directly by the Navy Department but excludes workers in Government-owned, privately operated facilities of the Navy. The order on the Navy civilian salaries provides that the Navy comply with Executive Order No. 9250, setting up the economic stabilization program adjustments. The Navy may refer any case directly to the WLB, if it wishes, and it is to send to the Board copies of its rulings. The Navy rulings are to be final subject to the WLB’s ultimate power to review. In General Order No. 17 the OPA is V-302 empowered, in establishing area pay scales for its local boajd clerks, to apply in each area the appropriate area pay scale contained in instructions in its Field Administrative Letter No. 7, Revised, Supplement No. 1. The rates are to be approved by the WLB regional director in the area involved in the event he finds them consistent with the OPA schedule and with orders of the WLB. The WLB retains final authority for review. Tool and die commission established Maximum rates for the more than 50,000 tool and die workers in all jobbing and manufacturing plants in a six-county Detroit, Michigan, area were’ established last week by the WLB, which also established a special commission in the area to interpret and enforce the decision and to rule on disputes over minimum rates in individual plant cases. Benjamin Aaron, mediation officer for the WLB, who has represented the Board in the tool and die cases in the Detroit area for several months, was named chairman of the WLB Detroit area tool and die commission. The Board’s unanimous order, designed to prevent pirating of these highly skilled workers in the Detroit region, also served notice that public hearings will be held shortly at which employers of tool and die workers in five other counties in Michigan may appear to show cause why the. blanket order should not be extended to them. 8 ★ VICTORY ★ December 15, 1942 Manning tables and schedules will help employer plan labor force despite draft A means of blueprinting their manpower is to be made available to the Nation’s war plants and essential services, the newly integrated War Manpower Commission and Selective Service System announced last week. The means are manning tables, designed to help employers maintain adequate labor forces in the face of increasing needs for the armed services. The manning tables are forms, which, when filled out, provide a realistic inventory of the personnel and job classifications in each plant. They determine how efficiently a plant is utilizing its working force, how adequate are its programs for training, upgrading and promoting employes, and provide a basis for planning improvements. They will provide each employer in many cases for the first time, with complete information as to the number of employes who are subject to induction. A supplementary withdrawal and replacement schedule will offer him guidance in planning replacements so that his production will not suffer as his employes enter military service. Easy to fill out The manning tables, which may seem technical and involved at first glance, actually are neither. They are forms which are relatively simple to fill out, and which offer a sensible method of evaluating the personnel and production problems of each plant and the best method of meeting them. The employer must expend some time and effort in gathering the required information, but will in return receive information which will enable him to plan adequately to meet his labor needs of the future. The Government will, in turn, receive information which will furnish the basis for the orderly withdrawal of workers, who must, under Selective Service, be released to the.armed services. The manning tables are one part of a four-part plan by which the War Manpower Commission and Selective Service intend to meet the withdrawal of inductees from industry through the planned training of replacements in a manner which will keep disruption of production at an absolute minimum. The other parts are: The drawing up of a list of 35 industries designated as "essential activities’* (Listed in Victory, December 1). The preparation of a list of the essential jobs—approximately one out of each nine— within each of these industries. This list should be completed by December 31, 1942, and will include 3,000 classifications. The preparation of withdrawal and replacement schedules to be based on information compiled in the manning tables. Where plants are facing a critical situation requiring immediate attention, these schedules may be prepared and put into effect before the manning tables. The four parts fit together. The lists of essential industries and jobs aid local Sélective Service boards in determining which jobs shall be reason for deferment. The lists are elastic and can be lengthened or shortened as circumstances dictate. The aim of the whole program is to enable each plant to deal with its personnel problem in the most orderly, informed and adequate manner. The first step taken was to determine which industries were essential to the Nation’s war effort. This done, the War Manpower Commission studied the. jobs within each industry and separated the essential ones from the others by applying the following three questions as a test: 1. Is a training period of at least six months necessary before an untrained worker can attain reasonable efficiency in the job? 2. Is the job essential to tlie industry? 3. Is the worker irreplaceable? The job was rated essential if a “yes” answer was given to all three questions. The local Selective Service boards can use these lists to check against any request by an employer for deferment of a worker who the employer declares to be essential, pending completion of the withdrawal and replacement schedules. In addition to the usual routine information, these manning tables ask each employer to provide the following information : 1. The different kinds of jobs in the plant or activity. 2. The number of workers necessary to do each kind of job. 3. The type of worker suited to do each job and the possibility of substituting other workers of less skill. ~ 4. The amount and kind of training needed to train an unskilled worker to do each job. 5. Training methods being used or available. 6. The jobs in which women are employed and those in which women could replace men. 7. Indications of labor requirements that will accompany anticipated production program. 8. Job relationships, and possibilities for promotions and upgrading. 9. Balance or unbalance between number of skilled workers and unskilled, or of workers and supervisors. 10. Jobs where physically handicapped persons can be used. 'The company retains one copy of the complete table and sends four to the WMC regional office. The regional office keeps one and sends a copy each to the State director of Selective Service, the War Manpower Commission in Washington, D. C. and the local director of the United States Employment Service. After drafting the manning table, the employer will draw up a replacement schedule to direct him in upgrading, promoting, and recruiting replacements for workers which the compiled information shows him .will soon be inducted. When the replacement schedule has been accepted by the State director of Selective Service, the employer will be authorized to use a State acceptance number on form-42-A filed in accordance with the accepted replacement schedule. The employer will fill out an affidavit—Occupational Classification Form 42-A—for all employes within the ages liable to military service for whom occupational deferment is then necessary. It will not be necessary at the present time for employers to file such affidavits for employes who have wives and children with whom they maintain a bona fide family relationship. The employer will, however, file a Form 42-B for such employes. These forms 42-A and 42-B are then forwarded to the local Selective Service Boards concerned. When the employe is classified or reclassified, the local board will notify the employer. This system will enable each employer to know not only how many employes will be withdrawn from each department of his plant but will know approximately when the withdrawal of a worker will occur and will be able to plan his replacements accordingly. The War Manpower Commission will assist the employer in every way it can to make such replacement and will advise him and aid him in locating women, older workers, and handicapped workers to replace inducted employes as well as in training and upgrading programs. Once the manning tables and replacement schedules are in operation, deferment of workers will be subject to periodical review. It will take a few months, however, to get the manning tables in operation. In the meantime, looming inductions may create situations in some plants which require immediate action. To offer a temporary solution in such cases, the Selective Service directors in each State now have the withdrawal and replacement schedule forms which are available December 15, 1942 ★ VICTORY ★ 9 to such employers upon request? These schedules will provide a basis for withdrawals and replacements pending completion of the manning tables. Schedules provide gradual withdrawal These schedules consist of a plant summary and a replacement list, normally made from data developed in preparation for the manning table. They are in two parts. The first part is made up of a survey of the personnel in the plant involved, arranged generally by job titles and Selective Service statuses. The second part is a replacement list upon which are listed by name the male employes who must be replaced so they can enter the armed forces. The first step in preparing such a schedule is to secure in respect to such male employe the following information: (1) Job title, (2) date of birth, (3) local board number and address, (4) Selective Service order number and classification and (5) family relationships. Next, the employer must list all of the jobs by plant, department and other operating unit. Opposite each job the employer will list under the following headings the total number of workers engaged: (1) Number of women, (2) number of men not to be considered for replacement (those with minor children, those physically unfit, those over 38 and under 18), and (3) those to be considered for replacement (single men and married men without children). The employer will then list by name the employes subject to induction whom he is prepared to replace. Those who are to be replaced in the first month will be listed first, followed by those in the second month, etc. Those men for whom deferment is to be requested for 6 months or more will be listed under “6 months to 12 months” and those for whom deferment is asked for a year will be listed last under “more than one year”. These facts, which will provide an impersonal and impartial yardstick, will be considered in determining the order of listing: 1. Required period of training. 2. Previous and existing periods of deferment. 3. Availability for military service (single men will be listed ahead of married men). 4. Selective Service order numbers (those with the lowest order numbers usually will be listed first. When a schedule has been thus prepared and approved by the State Selective Service director, it shall, unless revised, continue in operation for 6 months. These schedules, once completed, will show to the employer and to the employe the order in which each individual concerned will be available for induction. WMC lists 102 shortage, 77 anticipated shortage, and 91 surplus labor areas A new list of 270 industrial areas, showing that current labor shortages exist in 102 areas, that shortages are anticipated in 77, and that labor surpluses are current in 91, has been prepared by the War Manpower Commis-' sion, Chairman Paul V. McNutt disclosed December 7. The lists are furnished to WPB and Government procurement agencies for guidance in placing war contracts with consideration for manpower factors, and are revised periodically. The list of 270 areas is the first revision announced since the original list of 227 areas was issued October 20. GROUP I (The 102 labor shortage areas) Alabama: Florence, Huntsville, Mobile, Talladega. Arizona: Phoenix. Arkansas: Pine Bluff. California: Los Angeles, Sacramento, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Francisco, Stock-ton. Connecticut: Bridgeport, Hartford, New Britain, New London, Stamford, Waterbury. Delaware: Wilmington. District of Columbia: Washington. Florida: Panama City. Georgia: Brunswick, Macon, Savannah. Idaho: Pocatello. Illinois: Joliet, Moline, Springfield, Sterling. Indiana: Evansville, Gary, Michigan City, Terre Haute. Iowa: Burlington. Kansas: Wichita. Maine: Bath, Portland. Maryland: Baltimore, Elkton, Hagerstown. Massachusetts: Fall River, Greenfield, Springfield. Michigan: Adrian, Battle Creek, Detroit, Flint, Jackson, Lansing, Muskegon, Pontiac, Saginaw. Mississippi: Pascagoula. Nebraska: Grand Island. Nevada: Las Vegas. New Hampshire: Claremont, Portsmouth. New Jersey: Morristown, Newark, Perth Amboy. New York: Buffalo, Elmira, Massena. North Carolina: Burlington, Elizabeth City, Wilmington. Ohio: Akron, Canton, Cleveland, Columbus, Dayton, Fremont, Hamilton, Lima, Lorain, Marion, Piqua, Sandusky, Warren. Oregon: Portland. Pennsylvania: Aliquippa, Berwick, Harrisburg. South Carolina: Charleston. Texas: Beaumont, Dallas, Houston, Texarkana. Utah: Ogden, Provo, Salt Lake City. Virginia: Hampton Roads. Washington: Everett, Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma. West Virginia: Point Pleasant. Wisconsin: Madison, Manitowoc, Milwaukee, Sturgeon Bay. Wyoming: Cheyenne. GROUP n (The 77 areas of anticipated labor shortage) California: Fresno, San Jose. Colorado: Denver, Pueblo. ♦ Connecticut: Meriden, New Haven, Norwalk. Florida: Jacksonville, Tampa. Illinois: Aurora, Chicago, Rockford. Indiana: Bloomington, Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Richmond, South Bend. Iowa: Des Moines. Kentucky: Lexington, Louisville. Louisiana: New Orleans. Maryland: Cumberland. Massachusetts: Brockton, Pittsfield, Worcester. Michigan: Benton Harbor, Kalamazoo. Minnesota: Duluth, Minneapolis. Missouri: Kansas City, St. Louis. Nebraska: Omaha. New Jersey: Jersey City, Long Branch, Paterson, Trenton. New York: Albany, Auburn, Batavia, Binghamton, Dunkirk, Kingston, Jamestown, Newburgh, Poughkeepsie, Rochester, Sidney, Syracuse, Utica, Watertown. Ohio: Cincinnati, Fostoria, Mansfield, Toledo, Youngstown. Oklahoma: Oklahoma City, Tulsa. Pennsylvania: Allentown, Erie, Lancaster, Lebanon, New Castle, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Reading, Washington, Williamsport, York. South Dakota: Sioux Falls. Tennessee: Bristol, Memphis. Texas: Amarillo, Galveston, San Antonio, Waco. Wisconsin: Eau Claire, Racine. GROUP III (The 91 areas of labor surplus) Alabama: Birmingham, Montgomery. Arkansas: Fort Smith, Little Rock. Connecticut: Middletown, Torrington. Florida: Miami, St. Petersburg. Georgia: Atlanta, Augusta, Columbus, Rome. Illinois: Bloomington, Danville, Galesburg, Herrin, Peoria, Quincy. Indiana: Muncie. Iowa: Sioux City. __- Kansas: Parsons, Topeka. Kentucky: Owensboro, Paducah. Louisiana: Alexandria, Baton Rouge, Monroe, Shreveport. Maine: Bangor, Lewiston. Massachusetts: Boston, Fitchburg, Lowell, Salem, Taunton. Michigan: Grand Rapids. Mississippi: Aberdeen, Jackson, Vicksburg. Missouri: Springfield, St. Joseph. Montana: Billings. Nebraska: Lincoln. New Hampshire: Concord, Manchester, Nushua. New Jersey: Atlantic City. New Mexico: Albuquerque. New York: Central Long Island, New York, Yonkers. North Carolina: Asheville, Charlotte, Durham, Greensboro, Rocky Mount, Winston-Salem. Ohio: Coshocton, East Liverpool, Portsmouth, Steubenville, Zanesville. Pennsylvania: Altoona, Johnstown, Scran-ton.- Rhode Island: Providence. South Carolina: Columbia, Greenville. Tennessee: Chattanooga, Knoxville, Nashville. Texas: Abilene, Austin, Corpus Christi, El Paso, Laredo, Dubbock, San Angelo, Wichita Falls. | Vermont: Burlington. Virginia: Danville, Lynchburg, Richmond, Roanoke. West Virginia: Charleston, Huntington, Parkersburg, Wheeling. Wisconsin: LaCrosse. Oshkosh, Sheboygan. 10 ★ VICTORY ★ December 15, 1942 AGRICULTURE... Wickard sets up food "assembly line” says we can feed fighters, Allies, selves but only by careful management Secretary of Agriculture Wickard said last week that with careful management we can fill next year military and Allied demands for food and still have enough to give good diets to people at home, but that “if We slip up anywhere along the line, we will be in serious trouble.” “The war is bringing the greatest demand for American food we have ever known,” Secretary Wickard explained. Next year, at least a quarter of our entire food production will go either to our allies or to our own fighting men. At the same time hard-working people in this country will need more food • • • Must feed liberated peoples, too “More than that, we must help other United Nations feed the hungry people in the countries which will be freed from the Axis forces. This kind of work is a military and political necessity, as well as the decent thing to do. The liberated peoples we feed will fight for us against their oppressors. If we don’t feed them we can expect disillusionment, and most likely choas. Already we are learning what food can do along that line. A newspaper man who is with our tr&ops in North Africa recently reported that one of the main reasons why the people there were glad to see our forces was simply that they were hungry, and knew that from now on they would get more to eat.” Agriculture Department realigned As a first step in carrying out this huge task, Secretary Wickard December 10 realigned the Department of Agriculture’s administrative set up in line with the President’s Executive order of December 5 which placed upon the Secretary of Agriculture “full responsibility for and control over the Nation’s food program.” “The President’s order,” Secretary Wickard said, “makes it possible for the Department of Agriculture to set up a national ‘assembly line’ . . . from the time the seed goes into the ground until the food goes into consumption.” The Department is regrouped into 3 major administrative units. Food Production Administration, the Food Distribution Administration, and the Agri culture Research Administration. Two are new agencies, established under the executive order of December 5. Thq functions, personnel and property of any outside agencies, including those in WPB, that may be transferred to the Department as a result of the Executive order will become a part of one of these hew agencies, depending on whether they are primarily concerned with food production or food distribution. Parisius, Hendrickson, Townsend head units Herbert W. Parisius, associate director of the Office for Agricultural War Relations was designated by Secretary Wickard as director of Food Production and Roy F. Hendrickson, administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Administration was designated director of Food Distribution. At the same time, Secretary Wickard named Clifford M. Townsend, administrator of the Agricultural Conservation and Adjustment Administration, as associate director hf the Food Production Administration. -Clarence W. Kitchen, associate AMA administrator, was appointed assistant director of Food Distribution. . Agencies now within the Department consolidated into the Food Production Administration are the Agricultural Conservation and Adjustment Administration (except the Sugar Agency); the Farm Credit Administration; the Farm Security Administration; that part of the Division of Farm Management and Cost of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics concerned primarily with the planning of current agricultural production; and that par^ of the Office for Agricultural War Relations concerned primarily with food production. Agencies now within the Department consolidated into the Food Distribution Administration are the Agricultural Marketing Administration; the Sugar Agency of the Agricultural Conservation and Adjustment Administration; that part of the Bureau of Animal Industry of the Agricultural Research Administration concerned primarily with regulatory activities; and that part of the Office for Agricultural War Relations concerned primarily with food distribution. That part of the Office for Agricultural War Relations not transferred to either of the two new administrative agencies will continue as an advisory unit of the Secretary’s staff. Commodity Credit Corporation programs concerned with either domestic food production or food distribution are to be approved, under the new set-up, by the Director of Food Production or the Director of Food Distribution before being submitted to the Secretary. The Director of Information will be responsible for directing, integrating and coordinating all information activities of the several agencies of the Department. Status of others unchanged The status and functions of other bureaus and agencies Within the Department remains unchanged. To fit the new administrative pattern, Secretary Wickard reduced the membership of the Agricultural War Board from eleven administrative and staff officers to eight. At the same time, he changed the name of this small group of key advisory officials to the Departmental War Board. Members of the streamlined Departmental War Board are: the director of Food Production; the director of Food Distribution; the Agricultural Research Administrator; the president of the Commodity Credit Corporation; the director of the Extension Service; the chief of the Forest Service, the Rural Electrification Administrator and the chief of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. What effect, if any, the changes in the Departmental War Board at the Washington level will necessitate in the Department’s field set-up has not been determined. For the time being, the Department’s administrative set-up at regional, State and county levels will function without change. ★ ★ ★ Ickes stresses vital need to increase fisheries production “In spite of all dislocations caused by the war, the fishing industry must exert every effort to increase current and future production,” Harold L. Ickes, Secretary of the Interior and Coordinator of Fisheries said December 7. “There is now a vital need for every possible pound of fresh, frozen, canned, and otherwise preserved fishery product.” December 15, 1942 ★ VICTORY ★ 11 CROP UNITS TO GUIDE FARM DEFERMENT A new Selective Service release to local boards, defining essential farm products and establishing “factors” to determine what workers are essential, and hence to be classified in 2-C and 3-C, the new agricultural classifications, was made public December 5. 16 units will be standard m Production of 16 “war „units” will be required under the definitions set up by the Agriculture Department, and approved by the War Manpower Commission, for classification of a farm worker as essential. The production that counts is to be that attributable to the worker’s own effort, whether on one or several farms. According to the order the 16-unit standard is to be only a guide for local boards, which may decide to defer a man because they think he could increase his production to that level in six months, or may decide to adopt higher standards because of local conditions. The order states: “A war unit is a measure of production of essential farm products. In the attached table essential farm products are given a relative value in terms of war units. The following, for exajnple, are each equivalent to one war1 unit: 1 milk cow, 20 feedlot cattle, 1 acre in apples, 5 acres in dry beans, 15 acres in wheat, 1 acre in carrots; etc.” “Conversion factor” helps calculation An example of a farm worker’s “score”: 45 acres corn. _ Animal units or acres x conversion factor 45 x 0.20 War unit 9.00 30 acres pasture _ _ _ —_ 25 acres oats _ 25 x .07 1.75 30 acres wheat 30 X .07 2.10 15 acres timber _ 5 milk cows: ... 5x1.00 6.00 12 hogs— 12 x .05 .60 100 hens 1X1.30 1.30 Total war units____ 19.76 The “conversion factor” by which calculations may be made of the war units crèdited to a given farm worker, is “the percentage that a given product, whether it be a single animal or a single acre of special type production, bears to a war unit, for example: “1 acre of wheat is 0.07 of a war unit. “1 acre of cabbage is 1.00 of a war unit. “1 hog is 0.05 of a war unit; etc. “The number of acres given to a certain type of production or the number of animals of a specified type multiplied by TABLE OF PRODUCTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS 1. Livestock ana livestock products: Comimito. (a) Beef cattle: . . ■ 1 war unit. factor (1) Farm herds_____________________________________ 12 0.08 (2) Feedlot___________________________________________ 20 .05 (3) Range____________________________________________ 15 .07 (4) Stocker (bought and run on grass) _____,_________ 75 .01 (b) Chickens: (1) Broilers ---------------------------------------- 600 .. *.17 (2) Egg production----------------------------------- 75 *1.30 (3) Flock replacement-------------------------------- 300 *.33 (c) Hogs------------------------------------------------------ 20 _ .05 (d) Milk and its products_____________________________________ 1 1. 00 (e) Sheep and wool: (1) Farm flocks______________________________________ 30 .03 (2) Lambs in feedlot_________________________________160 *. 62 (3) Range—.________________________________________ 45 .02 (/) Turkeys -------------------------------------------------------- 40 12. 50 2. Fiber and oil crops and potatoes: (a) American-Egyptian cotton—__________________________________ 2.5 .40 (b) Castor beans.______________________________________________ 3.0 .35 (c) Flaxseed and soybeans____________________________________ 12.0 .08 (d) Hemp.______________________________________________________ 5.0 .20 (e) Peanuts, Irish potatoes, and sweetpotatoes________,_______ 2.0 .50 3. Field crops: (a) Barley, wheat, grain sorghums, oats, rye, dry field peas, cover crop seeds, hay and hay crop seeds_____________________ 15.0 .07 (b) Com, dry edible beans, rice, broomcorn, green peas, and sweet corn_________.________»._______________________________ 5.0 .20 4. Fruits, tree____________i________________________________________ 1.0 1.00 5. Medicinal and insecticide plants: Aconite, belladonna, digitalis, henbane, and pyrethrum_________________________________________________ 0.4 2.50 6. Small fruits and berries: Blackberries, cranberries, dewberries, raspberries, strawberries, blueberries (tame), currants, gooseberries, and quinces_____________________________________________________________ 0.7 1.50 7. Truck and canning crops: Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, collards, endive, kale, tomatoes, carrots, chard, escarole, mustard greens, spinach, turnip greens, opions, snap beans, green leafy lettuce, lima beans, green peppers, turnips, asparagus (from present plantings), cauliflower, cabbage (other than Wakefield) —_______________________________________ 1.0 1.00 8. Other food and special crops: (a) Cotton, Upland, 1-inch and over_____________________________ 2.0 .50 (b) Nuts (from present plantings)—______________________________ 5.0 .20 (c) Sugar beets..._______________________________________________ 2.0 .50 (d) Sugar cane_________________________________________________ 1.0 1.00 Nonessential farm products for which no war unit credits are given, were listed as follows: 1. Special crops: (a) Cantaloupes. (b) Cotton, Upland, under 1 inch. (c) Hops. (d) Popcorn. (e) Watermelons. 2. Vegetables: (a) Artichokes, celery (bleached), eggplant, and lettuce (Iceberg). (b) Kohlrabi, cucumbers, horseradish, okra, radishes, and rhubarb. (c) Garlic and leeks. (d) Pimentoes, squash, and pumpkins. 3. Other crops not listed. * Per 100 head. the conversion factor results in the war unit value, for example: “8 hogs multiplied by the conversion factor of 0.05 results in 0.15 war . units. “19 acres of Irish Potatoes multiplied by the conversion factor of 0.50 is equivalent to 9.50 war units; etc. ARSENICAL INSECTICIDE — Urging the arsenical insecticide industry to continue to accept orders for minimum normal requirements, the WPB chemicals division has recommended shipment of part of the orders in the immediate future to avoid bottlenecks. 12 ★ VICTORY ★ December 15, 1942 PRODUCTION 58 workers win WPB awards for boosting output; 10 honored by Nelson at Washington luncheon The WPB board for individual awards December 8 announced its selection of 58 more workers—2 of them women—to be accorded national recognition for suggestions that help war production. This is the fourth group of workers to receive such recognition from WPB. Certificates of Individual Production Merit were recommended for 16 “soldiers of production.” Forty-two additional workers were accorded letters of honorable mention. Announcement of the list of 58 more workers whose suggestions are helping make new war production record^ closely followed the selection of 6 winners of the Citation of Individual Production Merit and 4 winners of the Certificate of Individual Production Merit for special recognition. These 10 workers came to Washington December 10 to receive their awards from President Roosevelt at the White House. New ideas on production, springing from the mechanical genius of the man at the machine, will become even more important during the coming year in expanding our output of war goods, WPB Chairman Nelson stated at a luncheon honoring the 10 workers. A distinguished group of over 60 leaders representing the Nation’s military, naval and war production forces, as well as labor and management, and including cabinet officers and Members of Congress heard Mr. Nelson describe the method whereby suggestions of workers are submitted by plant war production labor-management committees. ★ ★ ★ TELEPHONE REPAIR SERVICE—To enable telephone companies and other operators of telephone services to make emergency repairs quickly in the event of a plant breakdown, use of an AA-2X preference rating is authorized in such cases and an AA-5 blanket rating is provided for maintenance, repair, operating supplies and operating construction, under Preference Rating Order P-130 as amended December 9. US. WAR EXPENDITURES - Daily Rate MILLIONS OF $0 JULY. 1940-N0VEMBER, 19« WAR EXPENDITURES by the United States Government totaled $6,112,000,000 in November, up $390,000,000 or 6.8 percent over October. In October, war expenditures had increased $264,000,000 or 4.8 percent over the previous month. THE DAILY RATE of expenditure in November averaged $244,500,000 compared with $211,900,000 in October. In November there were 25 days on which Treasury checks were cleared, as compared with 27 such days in October. FOR THE FIRST 11 months of 1942 war expenditures totaled $46,075,000,000 which compared with $11,929,000,000 for the corresponding period of 1941. (The figures cover expenditures both by the -Treasury and by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and its subsidiaries.) Coke, chemical byproducts output set all-time record The output of coke and its chemical byproducts has been increased to a new all-time record to provide arms and supplies for the fighting men of the United Nations and production is still being expanded, Solid Fuels Coordinator Ickes said December 7. 6,056,394 tons in October October coke production, estimated at 6,056,394 tons, established a new all-time high monthly rate of output. It exceeded the August output, the previous record high month, by 49,324 tons. The total 1942 output up to October 31 is estimated at 58,551,000 tons. The output rate indicated that the previously estimated production of 70,000,000 tons in 1942—a new high record—probably will be exceeded. The production of coke byproducts showed similar increases. Nelson expects war workers to be on the job New Year’s Day WPB Chairman Nelson, December 9, announced that war production factories would be expected to observe normal working schedules on New Year’s Day; Response has been good “Ever since Pearl Harbor, we have asked workers and management in war plants to forego their customary holidays in order to maintain unbroken production schedules,” Mr. Nelson said. “The response to these requests has been remarkably good, and the effect on production has been excellent. The one exception that has been made to this rule during the past year has been in connection with the observance of Christmas. “. . . We can best start the new year by staying on the job and getting out a regular work-day’s production of war goods.” December 15, 1942 ★ VICTORY ★ 13 indices of the American industrial Effort and its Impact on the life of the Nation . , . FINANCIAL DATA program—commitments—expenditures Cumulative from June 1940 Nov. 30,1942 Sept. 30,1942 (Billions of Nov. 30,1941 dollars ) Nov. 30,1943 Authorized war program1 P $237. 9 $221. 6 $64.3 $20.5 Commitments * _ „ —- c) 160.2 48.2 13.6 Expenditures4 61.8 50.0 13.8 1.4 COMPARISON BY AGENCIES War Department Navy Department Lend-Lease RFC and subsidiaries— Other U. S. war agencies September 30,1942 Commit- Program 1 menta2 (Billions of $126.7 $84.9 48. 5 38. 0 18.4 11.9 15.2 15.2 r 12. 8 10. 2 September 30,1941 Commit- Program 1 ments2 dollars) $24.6 $16.9 17. 5 14.1 7. Ö 4.4 3.7 3.7 4.9 2.5 Total 1— 221.6 160.2 57.7 41.6 1The program includes funds made available for war purposes by Congressional cash appropriations, contract and tonnage authorizations, and by commitments by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and its subsidiaries. * Commitments Include all transactions which legally reserve funds for expenditures. *Not available. 4 See War Expenditures below. p Preliminary. LEND-LEASE1 Cumulative, March 1941-October 31, 1942 War Department Navy - Maritime and Department War Shipping Total, including other war agencies Lend-Lease $6.3 Direct war aid — 32. 2 (Billions of dollars) $3.0 $1.5 3.0 s 5.1 2 $18.4 41.1 Total 38.5 6.0 6.6 59.5 1 Lend-Lease Administration funds are those appropriated by Congress to the President for Lend-Lease purposes. Allocations of funds are made by the Lend-Lease Administration to the other Government agencies for the procurement of goods and services. Funds for direct war aid are appropriations to war agencies which contain authorization for the maximum amounts that may be used for Lend-Lease purposes. * Includes unallocated Lend-Lease funds. » Excludes the value of ships which may be leased by the Navy. No maximum amount has been authorized bv Congress. BOND SALES AND DEBT Nov. 1942 Oct. 1942 Nov. 1941 May 1941 (Millions of dollars) War bond sales1 -- __ $735 $814 $234 $370 Net Federal debt2 „ 93,000 ' 88,000 52, 700 45,800 1 Total funds received. 2 Excludes guaranteed obligations*. WAR EXPENDITURES1 Nov. 1942 Oct. 1942 Nov. 1941 Nov. 1940 Exnenditures $6.112 (Millions of dollars) $5,722 $1,540 $405 Number of days ————— 25 27 Daily rate—$244.5 $211.9 1 Includes checks cleared by the Treasury and payable from war outlays of Government corporations for war purposes. 23 24 $67.0 $16.9 appropriations, and net PRODUCTION DATA INDEX NUMBERS OF PROGRAM PROGRESS1 October January 1942 1942 (November 1941=100) - Munitions production P382 163 War construction P 256 114 Total war output P314 136 HOURS AND PLANT UTILIZATION1 October 1942 Average weekly hours per productive employee Airplane frames 47.7 Airplane engines _ '48. 8 Airplane propellers- 48.9 Average hours per week of plant utilization 91.4 103.4 107.0 P76.8 Shipbuilding — P47.2 ’See Victory, p. 13. p Preliminary. Nov. 24, and Dec. 8, 1942, 14 ★ VICTORY ★ December 15, 1942 Chemical committee being formed to act as liaison with WPB A committee composed of leading research and development men of the chemical and allied industries is being formed to serve as liaison between their companies and the referee board of the chemicals division, WPB disclosed December 8. The committee will not come to Washington, but will consult individually with WPB representatives by telephone and letter only. Their principal function will be to assist the board in expediting research and development on chemical processes vital to the war effort. December civilian allocations announced The December allocations of chemicals to civilian industry were announced December 10 by the WPB chemicals division in the third of its series of monthly reports on allocation^ of individual chemicals. The allocations reported do not include direct military needs. The report (WPB Press Release T-1350) covers all chemicals under WPB allocation except phenolic resins, furnace type carbon black, copper chemicals, and para-phenyl-phenol resins. The allocation of these materials was to be announced later. ★ ★ ★ 14 WPB textile sections realigned into 10 branches Realignment of the present 14 commodity sections of the WPB textile, clothing, and leather division into 10 main branches was announced December 9 by Frank L. Walton, who became director of the division on December 15. At the same time, Mr. Walton announced the appointment of Henry Giebel as deputy director of the division, effective December 15, and namgd W. F. C. Ewing and Ralph Loper to the posts of assistant directors, effective immediately. The branches, together with the names of the chiefs appointed to administer them, are: Cotton branch chief, T. M. Bancroft; wool branch chief, K. W. Marriner; synthetic products branch chief, Harry L. Dalton; cordage branch chief, Arthur R. Howe; shoe and leather branch chief, Harold Connett; clothing branch chief, *G. R. MacDonald; knit goods branch chief, J. S. Shireman; equipage branch chief, Hugo Booddinghaus; dye and finishing branch chief, G. H. Lanier, Jr.; textile machinery branch chief, R. S Dempsey. PRECISION INSTRUMENT TO BE USED BY BLIND WAR WORKERS The value of an instrument that may be used by blind persons to make precision inspections of a number of machine products was commented upon December 10 by officials of the WPB tools division. A comparing device The instrument is manufactured by Trico Products Corporation of Buffalo, N. Y. It has been in production about 2 months and has already attracted wide attention in war plants where checking of parts is an important factor in the operation. It is primarily a comparing device. Tolerance limits are set on the dial of the instrument, and a gaging indicator automatically shows whether or not the product being inspected falls within the permissible tolerances. Gaging to within one ten-thousandths of an inch is possible. By raising the fixed tolerance markings above the dial, And attaching a vertical pointer to replace the gaging indicator, the instrument is converted to a “braille” type, readable by finger touch. ★ ★ ★ End-use for pigments to be determined The necessity of determining the final use of pigments was pointed out by representatives of the WPB protective coatings section at a meeting held in Washington last week with the chemical and organic ^pigment industry advisory committee. Members expressed the opinion that the end-use situation for pigment colors was favorable at this time. In view of possible future scarcities, however, the members recommended that all customers in the industry be asked to develop information regarding end-uses. A subcommittee was appointed to obtain information on the essentiality of the various pigments. Recommendations were requested from the committee for discussion at the next meeting regarding a possible new order to regulate the manufacture and sale of organic pigments. It was pointed out that such an order is not necessary at the present time and may not be in the future, but that if it should become so, their recommendations would be considered. The tentative date of the next committee meeting is January 28. Several gold mines allowed to remove broken ore if only elderly or infirm men are used Several gold mines closed by Limitation Order L-208 have been granted permission by the WPB appeals board to continue for a limited time to remove ore already broken, and to refill the stopes with waste. The appeals were granted in recognition of the fact that elderly or infirm men may be used for this work, and that no hard-rock miners needed in essential nonferrous mines will be used. The appeals board is prepared to entertain appeals from closed gold mines when substantial amounts of critical materials are not used, and when: 1. AU work is performed by elderly or infirm miners not useful in critical metal mining; and 2. Ore is broken and needs only to be removed from the mine, and the stopes refilled with waste; and 3. In the case of placer mines where the equipment is not now in a place of safety, the appeal is for the purpose of permitting operation until equipment can be moved to the nearest place of safety. In another action, machinery which was frozen in nonessential gold mines by Limitation Order L-208 was officially Interpreted December 8 to mean only that machinery In mines which were operating on or subsequent to September 17, 1941. ' Uncertainty existed in some quarters as to whether this freeze on the disposition of mine machinery applied to any gold mines which might have been closed many years ago, the closing of which was totally unrelated to the national emer-' gency. It is the intention of the freeze on gold mine machinery to make such badly needed equipment available for essential mining within the framework of the order closing the gold mines. The date of September 17, 1941, is chosen as the time limit because it was the date of the issuance of the first mining equipment preference order, P-56, which is the basic present control over all mining supplies. ASSAY FEES—Fees charged by an independent laboratory engaged to make assays or analyses may be paid by buyers of nonferrous metal scrap, in addition to the applicable maximum- price, if the laboratory is in fact an impartial referee representing the interests of both buyer and seller, the OPA said December 12. In no case, however, is the buyer required by a maximum price regulation to pay such fees, OPA said. December 15, 1942 ★ VICTORY ★ 15 Lime believed obtainable for two new carbide plants Requirements of carbide companies for lime were- discussed at the initial meeting of the lime industry advisory committee, held recently in Washington with WPB representatives. After careful consideration of the cost factor and of transportation of materials needed for the production of lime, the committee agreed that in its opinion sufficient physical facilities are available within the industry at present to supply the tonnage of lime required by the two carbide companies now constructing plants at Ashtabula, Ohio. ★ ★ ★ Vinyl resin, pyroxylin coated fabrics materials to be cut Because of military requirements, a critical shortage exists in raw materials normally used for the production of vinyl resin and pyroxylin coated fabrics, and their use in civilian production must therefore be curtailed^ members of the pyroxylin vinyl resin coated paper and fabrics industry advisory committee have been told at a meeting November 30, in Washington. ★ ★ ★ Curbs lifted on welding rod, electrode distributions The limited control of the distribution of welding rods and electrodes effected by General Limitation Order L-146 was abondoned on the issuance December 9 of a revocation of L-146. When intended purchasers of welding rods and electrodes for maintenance and repair work find it necessary to obtain preference ratings, applications for purchases of less than $50zshould be addressed to local WPB offices. Where more than $50 worth of material is wanted the applicant should obtain approval from WPB in Washington. * * * EMERGENCY ALUMINUM SHIPMENTS—Persons desiring to make emergency shipments of aluminum products prior to the month of-normal allocation must now secure a written statement of approval from the military procurement officer having jurisdiction over the contract for which the material is intended, it was announced December 8 by WPB. New strategy and production schedules may cause local unemployment Revision of production schedules due to strategy and raw material shortages will create unemployment in some communities in the immediate future, Director Wendell Lund, WPB’s labor production division, told the State convention of the New Jersey Industrial Council at Newark December 12. “The War Production Board and the armed services are today scheduling production according to the Nation’s resources in raw materials as measured in terms of what is most needed now for the immediate and prospective needs of the armed services,” he said. Commenting on suggestions that a 48-hour week be set up by law in place of the 40-hour week as a means of increasing the volume of war production, he declared that labor is in favor of working as many hours per week as can be worked effectively to promote the war program. He pointed out, however, that labor insists that the question “bb approached realistically as a production problem.” Three specific obstacles to increased production were stressed by Lund as of more immediate significance to war industry than any suggested increase in over-all labor supply by lengthening of the basic work week for all. He said that these are (1) the shortage of skilled workers most of whom are already working 48 hours a week or more, (2) the shortage of some basic raw materials, and (3) the loss of production time through accident or illness. He promised assistance by “the labor production division in working out a program with labor to organize and equip a Home Guard against accident and illness.” Curbs lifted on use of titanium pigments Restrictions on the use of titanium pigments were removed December 9 through the revocation by the WPB of General Preference Order M-44. Titanium pigments are produced from ilmenite ore formerly imported from India, and about 9 months’ supply is in this country. ★ ★ ★ X-ray eye to provide safe ammunition for our fighters The X-ray eye is going to be used more frequently to assure American fighting men the safest ammunition in the world under a plan now being given final consideration by WPB officials.. The die-casting industry advisory committee, meeting in Washington, has approved a plan for the WPB to certify to the Army and Navy the names of WPB-inspected producers who supply special quality, X-ray tested, zinc and aluminum die-castings for use in producing ammunition and other combat items. The use of very high-power X-ray apparatus, of not less than 1,400,000 volt capacity, is specified to make sure that not the smallest flaw or crack inside the cajsting will escape the X-ray inspection. End-use of chemical organic pigments to be studied The chemical and organic pigment industry advisory committee considered means of determining the final use of the various pigments with which the industry is concerned, at a meeting held recently in Washington at the request of the WPB chemicals division. In view of possible future ^scarcities, however, the members recommended that all customers in the industry be asked to develop information regarding end-uses. A subcommittee was appointed to obtain information on the essentiality of the various pigments. ★ ★ ★ Balsa import ban tightened Balsa wood imports under existing contracts were prohibited by WPB December 8 in Supplemental General Imports Order M-63-f, unless the material had been prepared for shipment to the United States. Aero-grade balsa wood, however, even if prepared for shipment, may not be imported without specific WPB permission. 16 ★ VICTORY * December A true story of an R.A.F. bombing raid—from the first plans made in the Operations Room to the climax as the bombardier releases his load over Germany—is thrillingly told in the British picture, TARGET FOR TONIGHT, now being shown non-theatri-cally in the United States through OW1. Learning by doing is the keynote of the film, MEN AND THE SEA, showing the training of men who man our cargo ships carrying munitions, food, and supplies to all battle fronts (above). Migrant war workers are one of the problems treated in the 0W1 film, MANPOWER, which shows what is being done now to recruit and train the workers necessary for Victory (right). December 15, 1942 ★ VICTORY ★ 17 OWI MOTION PICTURES Wartime activities and wartime responsibilities are portrayed in. the Government films now being produced and distributed by the Bureau of Motion Pictures of the Office of War Information. Twenty-three OWI films are now in circulation, being seen by millions of Americans in schools, clubs, factories, and community rallies. The films, 16-mm. sound pictures, can be ob- ■ tained from film agencies throughout the country. There is no rental charge but distributors may make a “service” charge of 50 cents for the . first subject and 25 cents for e^ch additional subject included in a single -shipment. MORE ON PAGE 18 Moving iron ore from the Mesabi Range of Minnesota across the Great Lakes to the steel mills of Gary, Youngstown, and Pittsburgh. From the picture, LAKE CARRIER. “You have hidden treasure in your home—more precious to your country than gold,” says Donald Nelson in the OWI film, SALVAGE. Serious and determined, American pilots roar across the skies confident in the speed and power of their “ships.” From the picture, BOMBER, with commentary written by Carl Sandburg. 18 ★ VICTORY ★ December 15, 1942 CONTINUED FROM PAGE 17 WAR FILM INFORMATION GIVEN IN OWI CATALOG Motion pictures are playing an increasingly important job in this war—in training our soldiers and sailors, in teaching the skills of machine shops and assembly lines, in bringing to the American people essential war information. A list of 180 of these films, produced by various agencies of the United States Government, is now available in a new OWI publication, A List of U. S. War Information Films. Listed, besides OWI’s own productions, are films of the Army, Navy, Marines, and Coast Guard showing the functions and duties of the various Services, used primarily for recruiting purposes. The Office of Civilian Defense has films on air raid wardens and civilian protection; the Department of Agriculture, films on farming in wartime. A basis for Pan-American understanding is laid in the pictures from the Office of Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs, dealing with countries and peoples from Mexico to Argentina. From the Office of Education have come nearly 100 training films on aviation engines and navigation, on shipbuilding, on the operation of lathes, drills, and milling machines. Through the use of these films—with such formidable titles as “Turning a Taper with Toilstock Set Over” or “Aerodynamics— Forces Acting on an Air Foil”—war workers are being trained faster and better. All the wartime films of the U. S. Government—except the combat training films of the Army and Navy—are listed in the OWI catalog. Replacing the August issue, the new publication contains information up-to-date through November. The films of each agency— war films for war use—are described briefly, and the where and how they may be obtained are explained. For copies of A List of UrS. War Information Films, write the Bureau of Motion Pictures, Office of War Information, Washington, D. C. ★ ★ ★ Paint containers standardized In order to meet the emergency caused by the restrictions on metal cans for the paint industry, further standardization of glass containers and cans was ordered December 7 by the WPB through issuance of Schedule E to Liinitation Order L-103. From French West Africa, the United Nations’ armies may be reinforced by teps of thousands of feared and effective soldiers—the dreaded Senegalese. Almost legendary figures in the First World War, where they were used as “shock troops” against the Germans, the sharp-shooting, bolo-wielding Senegalese may now join the scores of battalions of other colonial troops fighting under the banner of the Fighting French. Although the full strength of the Senegalese force"has not been announced, approximately 50,000 of these troops were believed stationed at Dakar and throughout French territory. If they support the Allied cause, these Senegalese warriors take their places beside other French colonial troops. Fifteen thousand crack colonial troops in the Chad province prevented a junction between the Italian Libyan Army under Marshal Graziani and the Fascist Ethiopian force under the Duke of Aosta in the early days of the French Armistice. This stroke was engineered by Felix Eboue, Negro governor of the Chad province. A native of French Guiana on the South American coast, and a brilliant graduate of French schools, Eboue was the first of the colonial administrators to defy Vichy. His declaration played a part in the subsequent actions of other administrators in French Congo, Camer-oons, and Ubangi-Shari who later joined the Fighting French Movement. When Gen. Charles de Gaulle visited the Fighting French colonies in September 1940, he appointed Felix Eboue Governor-General of Fighting French Africa. Equatorial Africa has since become an important reservoir for military manpower for the Allies. A Fighting French Army built up there attacked Italian outposts in Libya and Eritrea, and thousands were rushed to the Western Desert when Rommel’s forces threatened Egypt. The Immediate use of Fighting French Africa was an important cornerstone in the United Nations defense system. Through the construction of a network of modern airports there, pilots were able to ferry planes to the Egyptian battlefront, to the Middle East and to India. Fort Lamy in the Chad province is now one of the great aerial turntables of Africa. One reason for the excellent fighting spirit of the French native soldiers is the attitude of the French in not establishing rigid color bars. The French have exhibited far less racial bias against the native than have Anglo-Saxons. The educated native becomes a citizen of France with the same rights as a white Frenchman. A black Frenchman can aspire to the highest posts in the political and administrative hierarchy. Frenchmen of African descent have served as Vice President of the Chamber of Deputies and Under Secretary of State. And Felix Eboue is now Governor-General of French Africa. OP A acts to assure plenty of dried eggs for military needs In a move designed to assure a plentiful supply of dried eggs for America’s armed forces and her allies among the United Nations, the OPA December 9 exempted from price control during January and February 1943 dried whole eggs sold to the United States Government or any of its agencies. At the same time, OPA exempted from price control shell, liquid or frozen eggs sold during this period to manufacturers buying them for the sole purpose of making dried eggs for the Government. These actions were taken through Amendment No. 1 to Maximum Price Regulation Nq. 280. $100,000 construction work allowed at Grand Coulee Dam A limited amount of construction work at Grand Coulee Dam, previously stopped, may be continued under a WPB order just issued. Paving of a railroad fill and construction of certain access roads, costing not more than $100,000, is permitted. In addition, permission is granted for any other work on the project that is necessary for health or safety or to avoid undue damage or deterioration of materials at the site. The previously issued revocation of preference rating for installation of hydro generating units Nos. 7, 8, and 9, at Grand Coulee Dam is confirmed. Dread Senegalese may join us in Africa December 15, 1942 ★ VICTORY ★ 19 INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS ... President of Cuba sees U. S. war plants Maj. Gen. Fulgencio Batista, President of Cuba, arrived in the United States December 7 to be an official guest of the United States and President Roosevelt for a 10-day inspection of war industries. The Cuban leader, accompanied by several ranking officials of his administration, is the third American president to visit this country in recent months. Cuba and the United States long have enjoyed close relations, dating from the years before Cuba won her independence. And today, Cuba, as a major source of the sugar so vital to war production, is allied with her Good Neighbor in the conflict. After being received by President Roosevelt, Secretary Hull and other notables on arrival, President Batista spent the first night at the White House, removing thence to official residence at the Blair House. Secretary Hull and Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles honored President Batista with dinners, while the Governing Board of the Pan American Union gave a luncheon in his behalf. Cuban Ambassador Concheso held an official reception at the Embassy. From Washington, President Batista expects to go to New York and Buffalo, and will inspect the gigantic warplane plants of the Curtiss-Wright and Bell Airacobra Aviation corporations. The program in New York called for luncheon with Mayor LaGuardia and a formal dinner by the Pan American Society prior to his return to Havana by way of Miami. President Batista is heartily cooperating with the United States to win the war. A manifestation of this was the sale of virtually the entire 1942 sugar output of 4,000,000 long tons to the United States Defense Supplies Corporation at a price of 2.65 cents—a price about % cent lower than the average price for the last 30 years. When the attack on Pearl Harbor occurred, a Cuban mission was in Washington discussing the sale of the crop, and they immediately received orders from President Batista to accept the price that the United States offered. Argentina honors President Roosevelt Special tribute to President Roosevelt was paid by the citizens of Argentina at Buenos Aires, December 7, anniversary of the treacherous Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Meeting in Luna Park under the auspices of The Committee for Homage to Franklin D. Roosevelt, they expressed their indignation at the perfidious attack on Hawaii. Jose Marla Cantilo, former Foreign Minister of Argentina, said in part: “The homage is not bound up with present events in the war, but with the war Itself, its deep causes and its great implications, with all that they signify in principle and with all that they threaten, not only material things but the principles of morality and justice. This war must impose, together with material power, the force of the ideal, the ideal of liberty, of humanity, that signi-fies the supremacy of moral forces over the primal instincts of passion and violence. “It was President Roosevelt who understood the magnitude of the dangers that were hanging over the world, revealing through military and political events hidden designs for aggression. It was President Roosevelt who from the first spoke and acted in defense of threatened liberty. To govern is to foresee. Foresight and clear vision are necessary qualities of the head of a nation. “Against the tragic background of the international panorama, President Roosevelt appears as the highest, the noblest figure of a ruler, as an exponent par excellence of will and faith devoted to the service of a great cause. This cause is that of civilization, culture, peace work, liberty, and humanity as a whole. It is fundamentally the cause for which we livç in America, and as such it may count on deep sympathy in all Argentine hearts. “The support of the people of the republic cannot be lacking, because the principle involved is inherent in their history and tradition. It is all that constitutes the plasma, so to speak, which contains the nutritive substance of our national unity.” U. S. offers meteorology courses to Latin American students Training in meteorology is being offered students in all the American republics by the Weather Bureau of the United States in a special course. The initial courses will start at Medellin, Colombia, February 1, and the Weather Bureau is planning a more extensive course in the United States afterward. Under plans worked out by the Weather Bureau, the Office of InterAmerican Affairs, the Department of State and the Defense Supplies Corporation, some 200 students will be trained. On completion of a six months’ course at Medellin, a number of the honor students will be brought to the United States for an additional year of training, under present plans. The training in the United States would consist of nine months of study at one of the five major universities in this country specializing in meteorology: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York University; the University of Chicago; California Technological Institute; the University of California at Los Angeles. On completion of their courses in the United States, they would be assigned to two months of active duty with the United States Weather Bureau. ★ ★ ★ More cargo space for food shipments to Puerto Rico Additional cargo space will become available for shipping food to Puerto Rico through a recent agreement between the Naviera Dominicana Co. of the Dominican Republic and the Departments of State and Agriculture, the Agricultural Marketing Administration announced December 7., The new arrangement will alleviate to some extent the critical shortage of shipping facilities to Puerto Rico. During the month of November AMA shipped to Puerto Rico rice, lard, beans, flour, cornmeal, dried fruits, pickled meats and fish, poultry and dairy feed, laundry soap, and fertilizer. Ships that before the war carried huge quantities of foodstuffs to Puerto Rico are now supplying the armies of the United States and the United Nations with munitions, equipment and food. 20 ★ VICTORY ★ December 15, 1942 Half of 1943 canned fruits, vegetables reserved for Government; tin limited (.Continued from page 1) be set aside for Government requirements represents approximately 50 to 55 percent of the 1942 pack. In 1942, canners were required to set aside about 35 percent of their pack for the Government. Will cut civilian consumption It is estimated that the portion of the 1943 pack allocated to civilians will provide a maximum of about 33 pounds of canned foods per capita in 1944, when most of the 1943 pack will be consumed. This compares with an average annual per capita consumption of canned foods of about 46 pounds in the prewar period, 1935-39. GOVERNMENT RESERVATION OF CANNED FOODS IN 1943 (Supplementary Order M-86-e) Percent of base period Commodity: (1942) Canned fruits and fruit juices: Apples.. ____________________________ 63 Applesauce____________________________ 41 , Apricots______________________-_______66 Berries1___________________________ 50 Blueberries________________________100 Cherries, RSP______________________ 70 Cherries, sweet__________________— 65 Figs _____________________________100 Fruit cocktail _ —_—— 71 "Grapefruit segments--_------------219 Grapefruit juice___________._______8 8 48 Orange juice.___________________—— 2 21 Orange and grapefruit juice blended-2100 Peaches_____________-____<____—___ 63 Pears_______________„_________________ 65 Pineapple ____________________________ 70 Pineapple juice_______________________ 26 Canned vegetables and vegetable juices : Asparagus_____________________________ 49 Beans, lima _______________________ 56 Beans, snap—__________________—_______ 58 Beets___________’_____________________ 84 Carrots_____________________________ 100 Corn, sweet——____________i____-_______ 42 Peas__________________________________ 48 Pumpkin or squash-____________________ 51 Spinach. __________________________ 48 Tomatoes____________________________ 49 Tomato catsup_________________________ 61 Tomato juice__________________________■ 43 Tomato puree_______________________ 71 Tomato paste__________________________ 40 1 Blackberries, boysenberries, loganberries, youngberries only. Percentage applied to combined pack of these four varieties. 2 Base period August 1, 1941, to July 1942, In Florida, Texas, and Arizona, and December 1, 1941, to November 36, 1942, in California. ’The percentage for grapefruit juice in the printed copy of the order distributed by WPB was erroneously printed as 46 percent. The percentage should be 48 percent. Summary of can order Following is a summary of the most important changes and additions effect- ed by the amended order concerning materials for cans: Products which were formerly permitted to be packed in tinplate, terneplate, and blackplate for civilian use but which now may be packed for Government purposes only include such common household items as: Vegetable juice mixtures, meat spreads, cranberries, orange and grapefruit segments combined, California freestone peaches, prunes, fruit for salad, carrots and peas, sauerkraut, and baking powder. Shoe polish cannot be packed in metal cans after March 31, 1943. Paints and pigmented lacquers may use blackplate only for can ends until February 15 when a complete conversion to substitute containers must have been made. Varnishes, lubricating oils, disinfectants, germicides, fungicides or insecticides, and certain other products will not be packed in metal cans after December 31. These others, for which metal cans no longer will be used except for Army orders are: Dewberries, elderberries, gooseberries, red raspberries, strawberries, fruit for salad, lemon concentrate, orange concentrate, pectin, chili sauce, peppers and pimentos, okra, succotash, mixture of vegetables, lemon juice, lime juice, fruit nectars, white asparagus, liquid modifications of milk, chili con carne, meat loaf, Vienna sausage, sausage in oil, lard or rendered pork fat, bulk sausage meat, whole tongue, chopped luncheon meats, frozen and storage cream, hardened edible oils, unhardened or hardened lard, rendered pork fat, edible tallow, edible liquid oils, sweet syrups, phenols and cresols, sodium silicate, drying oils, and hardened edible oils—45 pound can. Also, fresh fish fillets, clams, oysters, scallops, crabmeat, and shrimp (all packed for refrigerated shipment), and fruit, vegetables, juices and pulps (shipped as cold packed or frozen foods) are included-in this category. Other civilian products eliminated Likewise eliminated for civilian use are these products which may be packed in tinplate, terneplate, and blackplate cans only to meet M-86 quotas or for Government contracts: Apples, apple sauce, apricots, blueberries or huckleberries, grapefruit segments, orange juice, dehydrated vegetables, powdered skim milk, bacon, boned chicken and boned turkey, beef, veal, mutton and pork, orange-grapefruit juice blend, beets (whole beets not to be packed), carrots, pumpkin and squash, tomato catsup, and figs. Can packs of certain products for civilian use are sharply cut under the 1942 pack. Canned soups are restricted to 50 percent of the 1942 pack. Prunes, printing inks, and lye are similarly restricted to 50 percent of the 1942 amount. Ripe olives are limited to 25 percent of the 1940-41 pack. Spinach and green leafy vegetables will be canned at 80 percent of the 1942 pack. Baby foods (as defined in Schedule II) can be packed in cans in an amount equal to thé 1942 pack. One the other hand, tomato paste, tomato pulp or puree, and tomato sauce will be canned at a rate of 125 percent of the 1942 pack in the smaller can sizes. Evaporated milk, packed in 14^ ounce cans, is cut 10 percent below the 1942 pack while, if packed in 6-ounce cans, it is cut 20 percent below the 1942 pack. Quota restrictions on packing the following products in cans have been lifted completely for 1943: pineapple, pineapple juice, grapefruit juice, freestone peaches (except California), soft clams, hard clams, mussels, oysters, shrimp, and squid. The order reserving canned foods is extended to apply to processors of frozen, dried, dehydrated, pickled, preserved, or otherwise nônperishable products. All specified canned fruits and vegetables and juices are to be set aside and held by the canner until they are either purchased by the Government or specifically released by WPB. Supplementary Order M-86-e, which specifies the canned fruits and vegetables to be set aside out of the 1943 pack, provides the following new features which did not appear in the similar order M-96-a which covered the 1942 pack: 1. Canners may compute their quotas on the basis of M-86-e alone. Reference to M-81 is eliminated. In 1942, dinners were permitted to pack “secondary” products for civilians under M-81. Order M-86-a then permitted them to pack an additional percentage for the Government. For example, if under M-81 a canner’s quota of apples was 1,000 cases, he was permitted, under M-86-a, to pack an additional 59 percent, or 580 cases for the Government. Elimination of this clause from M-86-e will simplify computation of the 1943 Government quota by canners. 2. Quotas to be set aside represent a percentage of a canner’s pack in 1942. However, in the case of grapefruit, grapefruit juice, orange juice and blended fruit juices, the base period is the crop year 1941-42. 3. If a canner packs in both tin and glass, he is required to fill his Government quota with foods packed in tin to the extent tin is available. The remainder of his quota is to be filled with foods packed in glass. * * * MEAT FOR TRAINEES—Members of the armed forces being trained at colleges may be supplied with meat without such deliveries being taken out of civilian meat quotas, the OPA announced December 8. December 15, 1942 ★ VICTORY ★ 21 OPA sets dollars and cents beef ceilings at wholesale to move meat into areas now slighted because of low prices (.Continued from page 1) who therefore could secure only the cheapest cuts or none at all for their customers. Thus, many communities where consumers now are unable to secure beef may find their supply picture brighter in the near future. Similar problems of wholesalers in their pur chasing arrangements with packer slaughterers will be rectified by the new order. War, civilian prices levelled Other broad objectives of the revised beef regulation include the following: (1) Need for a price structure which will permit an equitable and efficient distribu-tion of beef; (2) Maintenance of packer slaughtering facilities in consuming centers remote from major production areas; (3) Setting _ of ceiling prices for sales to war procuremertt agencies on the same level with- prices in the civilian market, thus avoiding indirect competitive advantages to packers able to handle a large volume of war business; (4) Maintenance of a proper price relationship between beef and pork—the two major meat staples in the American diet. The new order directs specific standards for the cutting of a side of beef at wholesale and describes the precise fashion in which such cuts may'be made. Under the revised regulation all beef sold at wholesale must be graded by official Federal graders. The packer, as previously, will be permitted to grade the meat when official graders are not available. However, the Department of Agriculture now is prepared to handle all grading. In computing base prices, allowance already has been made for Federal grading costs. Thus, a deduction will be required on beef sales,, where the meat is not thus graded. The revised regulation continues substantially the grades of beef which have been in effect for the past several months. Steers and heifers are graded AA or choice; A or good; B or commercial; and G or utility and cutter-canner—a class which need not be identified by griade mark. Cows are graded similarly, except that they may not grade “choice.” Grade identification also is required on stags (emasculated bulls) of Grades A, B, and C. Sex identification still is required on stags and bulls. It no longer is required on cows. Since beef is sold at wholesale—not only in the form of carcasses, sides, and quarters, but also in wholesale or primal cuts—ceilings cannot be set unless the product to which they apply is defined thoroughly. This is done in the new order. The regulation makes allowance for sales of miscuts at the lowest price set for any wholesale cut. Provisions for 9 primary wholesale cuts Accordingly, provisions are made for 9 primary wholesale cuts and 5 additional cuts made by combinations of various primary cuts. The hindquarter xis broken from the forequarter by cutting the beef side between the animaPâ 12th and 13th ribs. Names of the cuts and the percentage each constitutes of the carcass of beef are shown as follows: Percent Carcass________________________ 100. 00 Forequarter________________________ 51. 25 Regular chuck______________________ 24. 75 Rib__________________________________ 9. 25 Brisket____________________________ 5. 50 Short plate_____,___________________ 7. 50 Fore shank_______________________ 4. 00 Hindquarter_________________________ 48.75 Round_____________________________ 23. 75 Sirloin _____________________ 9. 35 Short loin________________________ 7. 65 Flank________________________________ 4. 50 (Kidney, suet, hanging tenderloin, bone waste, and shrink account for the remainder.) In addition to the above cuts, certain combinations are permitted. No other cuts or combinations may be sold, except by suppliers direct to hotels, restaurants, cafeterias, etc. Bases and grade differentials Ceiling prices specifically set in the new regulation on a dollars and cents basis are as follows for beef carcasses per 100 pounds at Chicago: GRADE Price: AA, $22.50; A, $21.50; B, $19.50; C, $17.50; cutter and canner, $15; bulls, $16.50. Differentials between various grades of beef carcasses were established with careful consideration of the following factors: (A) To provide the farmer who purchases feeder cattle for additional feeding during the fall months a measure of assurance that finished cattle prices would at least cover feeding costs; . (B) To prevent early marketings at subnormal weights of beef cattle now in feed lots; (C) To encourage farmers to keep their feed lots full, thus providing a supply of beef cattle in months to come; (D) To provide for. specific price differen tials between the various grades of beef in order to encourage not only beef output in general but also the production of beef with varying degrees of finish. OPA surveys indicate that the wholesale ceilings set should reflect approximately the following average live cattle prices per hundredweight at Chicago: GRADE Price: AA, $15.80 *; A, $14.50; B, $12.70; C, $10.80. The wholesale ceilings on beef reflect prices on the live animals in excess of the average September 1942 levels—at which time the President called for a general halt on increases in uncontrolled farm prices. Incidentally, these live-cattle prices not only reflect 136 percent of parity, but also are the highest on record since August 1919. OPA took the middle course. They set wholesale prices at a level which will permit the average feeder certain latitude in selecting the type of feeding practices best suited to his needs, with a reasonable assurance of a good market*for the finished cattle. ( Zones and delivery differentials Ten zones have been established for beef. These cover 48 States and the District of Columbia. The basing point is Kansas City, chosen because the structure of the industry necessitates the point of reference following in the MidWest. Kansas City’s freight rates to most other parts of the country are more uniform than any other place. In general, zone boundaries have been set by reference to increases of 25 cents per hundredweight in freight rates, with allowance for tare and icing. Following tabulation lists the zones generally by States: Zone 1: Washington, Oregon, California, and Nevada. Zones 2, 3, and 4: Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, the major part of Iowa and Missouri, and the western part of Wisconsin. Zone 5; Parts of Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, and Indiana. Zone 6: Arkansas and parts of Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Louisiana. Zone 7: Ohio and parts of Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi. Zone 8: A strip running next to the seaboard zone, including parts of New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Maryland, Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Florida. Zone 9: The eastern seaboard except southern Florida. Zone 10: Southern Florida only. 1 High-yielding animals on any grade should run 50 to 75 cents more per hundredweight. 22 ★ VICTORY ★ 90 miles new base of supplemental ration for eligible “A” drivers The OPA December 9 reduced the occupational mileage deemed available in the basic "A” gasoline ration books before a driver is eligible for supplementary rations. The action was taken to assure Eastern motorists their necessary occupation mileage despite the recent cut in the value of "A” coupons from four to three gallons. “3-Gallon” States In an amendment (No. 4) to the new gasoline rationing regulations (Ration Order 5C), OPA makes holders of the basic “A” ration in States where the “A” coupon is worth only three gallons eligible for supplemental rations if they prove need for more than 90 miles of occupational driving a month. The amendment issued December 9 also revises Ration Order 5C in several other respects, and includes a provision exempting four categories of tire owners from turning in excess tires to the Government. The amendment became effective December 15. Cars with more than 5 tires Changing the restrictions against issuing gasoline rations to passenger cars for which there are more than five tires, the new amendment exempts: 1. Tires acquired through an OPA tire rationing certificate, or otherwise held under authorization by OPA or WPB. 2. Tires held by a scrap dealer for sale, or by a reclaiming plant for processing. 3. Tires held under joint ownership, or which have been held as security since November 8, 1942, or earlier, if the coowner or security holder does not give his consent to sale or disposition. 4. Tires held as spares for farm trailers or other farm equipment, if the Board finds such spares necessary for continued operation of the equipment. Other provisions in the amendment: 1. The definition of intermediate distributor of gasoline is changed to make clear the intent of the regulations to require these distributors to account separately for gasoline transactions at each of their places of business. 2. Provision in the present regulations that an OPA approved list of Government duties and functions, requiring travel by automobile or motorcycle be used-as an alternative to the certification of a responsible government officer is eliminated. 3. Preferred mileage may be granted for wholesale delivery of magazines, as well as of newspapers. 4. Preferred mileage also may be granted for travel by essential workers to, from, within, or between civilian public service camps established and maintained for conscientious objectors. 5. The paragraph covering preferred mileage for representatives of Government, management and labor for travel in .connection with the recruiting and training of workers, is revised solely for purposes of clarification. 6. Persons who lease passenger cars or motorcycles for more than seven days will be required to apply for a ration on their own behalf. 7. Commercial vehicles are made eligible for certain types of special rations, to be applied for in the same manner as special rations for passenger vehicles. 8. Army post exchanges and ships’ service stores and similar facilities located at military or naval posts are included among the establishments that may use OPA Acknowledgments of Delivery for acquisition of gasoline. 9. To facilitate the movement of vehicles, boats or equipment into the United States from Mexico and Canada, the amendment provides that gasoline brought into this country in the fuel tank of a vehicle, boat or equipment, may be used in this country, even though that gasoline may not have been acquired in exchange of coupons. ★ ★ ★ Tire inventory replenishment restrictions lightened A change in the tire rationing regulations lightening the restrictions on the grades of tires a tire seller may buy for inventory replenishment was announced December 10 by the. OPA. By the terms of the amendment, a Grade I certificate can be used to replenish with a Grade I, II, or m, at the dealer’s option. Similarly, when a Grade n tire is sold, the certificate the dealer gets from the customer reads “Grade n.” This certificate, previously good only for a Grade II replenishment, now may be used to restock with either a Grade II or a Grade HI. Kind specified by buyer The amendment also requires that a wholesaler or manufacturer fill all orders for an initial allotment of Grade HI tires with the kind of tire specified by the buyer. Since the purpose of the amendment is to permit stocking of tires to meet the seller’s requirements, the previous limit of 200 cm the number of Grade III tires any one dealer could obtain as an initial inventory has been removed. The amendment also permits holder of a certificate for “recapping services” to obtain any kind of a Grade III tire upon turning in his recappable tire carcass. All the changes are made by Amendment No. 4, effective December 9, to Ration Order 1A. December 15, 1942 Essential traveling salesmen to get extra gas rations The OPA December 5 announced a modification of its mileage rationing regulations at the request of Rubber Director William M. Jeffers, to grant additional gasoline rations to traveling salesmen. While details are not fully worked out, the change in the mileage rationing regulations will give these salesmen up to 65 percent of their last year’s mileage, or a total of 8,600 miles a year, whichever is less. Representatives of traveling salesmen’s groups agreed that this mileage is sufficient for essential salemen’s travel. Eligibles limited on necessity basis Salesmen, who will become eligible for more than 470 occupational miles a month, will be limited to those engaged full time in the sale of necessary productive equipment for farms, factories, mines, oil wells, lumber camps and similar productive or extractive establishments, or of essential food, shelter, fuel, clothing, and medical supplies. OPA war price and rationing boards will be ready to receive applications for rations to provide for these additional miles after January 1. The “A” and “B” ration books now held, or available, to these salesmen should provide them with sample mileage for the month of December, OPA officials pointed out. ★ ★ ★ Jeffers asks us to clean up broken glass, tire hazards Rubber Director Jeffers asked the American people, December 13, to act as 130 million “committees of one” to rid the Nation’s streets, alleys, and highways of broken glass, nails, and other tire hazards. “Broken glass, nails, loose rocks, and the like, cause much tire destruction. They can easily be removed if all of us do a little. We can retread a worn tire, but one that has been badly cut or bruised is a lost national asset,” he said. Mr. Jeffers suggested that the mayor of each municipality take the lead in the clean-up effort in his community and that county commissioners take the initiative in rural areas. He stressed the need for special activity by operators of parking lots and those who live or work on unpaved side roads and lanes, including contractors engaged in building projects. December 15, 1942 ★ VICTORY ★ 23 Railroads withdraw oil rate rise; Henderson praises action Railroads seeking to. withdraw proposals for freight rate increases on petroleum, which would have boosted fueloil bills an estimated $50,000,000 annually in the Eastern States, December 7 drew commendation from Price Administrator Henderson. The OPA executive had protested the higher tariffs before the Interstate Commerce Commission. Chief traffic officers of participating carriers in the eastern, western, and southern districts informed the OPA by wire, signed by A. F. Cleveland, vice president, American Railway Association. They had, Cleveland said, concluded to withdraw their proposals for oil-rate hikes and would ask ICC to continue in effect prevailing rates until June 30,1943. Describing the carriers’ action as “in keeping with program of the Federal Government to stabilize the cost of living,” Mr. Henderson said, that he was delighted that the carriers have voluntarily taken this action, and hope that they will find it possible to avoid increases in rates not absolutely necessary to their continued operation. ★ ★ ★ 12 contractors selected to construct pipeline extension Petroleum Administrator for War Ickes December 7 announced the selection of 12 contractors for the job of constructing the 857-mile eastward extension of the Texas-East Coast War Emergency Pipeline. Letters of intent have been issued to a group of experienced construction companies whose personnel and equipment insure the speediest possible completion of the pipeline, Coordinator Ickes said. Full-scale operations are planned right through the winter. Completion of the Illinois-East Coast extension from Norris City, Ill., to the New York-Philadelphia refining areas is expected by midsummer. OIL WELL PUMPING UNITS—have been removed from the list of items in which the use of steel is prohibited by Conservation-Order M-126 as amended December 5 by WPB. This action was taken on the'suggestion of the Petroleum Administrator for War. The units, essential in the production of oil, must be made of either steel or high-grade wood. U. S. Stops rail gasoline shipments to 7 States; cars will carry oil to Northeast Petroleum Administrator for War Ickes last week made public a directive to all gasoline shippers ordering them to stop shipping gasoline in railroad tank cars from the Middle West and Southwest into Florida, Georgia, North and South Carolina, West Virginia, and the western portions of New York and Pennsylvania. To be used for kerosene, heating oils Cars released from this service are to be used exclusively to haul kerosene and home-heating oils into the remaining sections of the Eastern Seaboard, principally New England, and to meet East Coast naval demand. Deputy Administrator Ralph K. Davies said that the Southeastern States would continue to receive gasoline supplies via pipe line and the Gulf Intracoastal waterway, and pointed out that the other States into which rail shipments of gasoline were ordered stopped are located in the Appalachian producing and refining area. He said that if any supplier found himself without a supply of motor gasoline at any point in the restricted area he should arrange with other primary suppliers for a proportionate share of the available supply in that area. Some facilities freed to make oil Other developments: A report by PAW to the War Production Board that stocks of petroleum coke used for aluminum processing had reached a satisfactory level, at least for the present, resulted in temporary permission being granted three large Midwestern refineries to curtail coke production and correspondingly increase their output of heavy fuel oil. This increased production of industrial oil will permit additional shipments of this vital fuel to Eastern industries. Tank car shipments into District One dropped to 767,058 barrels daily in the week ended December 5. This was a decrease of 11,794 barrels per day under the volume moved in the previous week. Conversion proceeds The effort to convert industrial establishments from the use of oil to the use of coal was continued, with the result that through Friday, December 4, conversions to the extent of an annual saving of 29,011,779 barrels of heavy oils had been effected by 2,287 East Coast plants. Conversions completed last week accom plished a saving of 518,484 barrels annually. The first shipment of fuel oil from a new pipe line-barge terminal on the Mississippi River left Helena, Ark., by barge on December 4, bound up-river to Cincinnati from where it will be transshipped in tank cars to the East. Movements via this route will increase to about 25,000 barrels a day by thé end of December, stepping up in early February to 55,000 barrels daily. Stocks decline as expected On December 2, the first shipment of Texas crude oil was received in Bayway, N. J., via the recently reversed Tuscarora pipe line across Pennsylvania. The line formerly flowed westward and carried gasoline. Unfavorable weather apparently caused heavy inroads on stocks of heating oils on the East Coast during the week ending December 5. Inventories of distillate- (heating) oils declined more than three times as much as the previous week, and the drop in residual stocks was more than twice'what it was the week before. Kerosene stocks, likewise, dropped more than usual while gasoline continued on the downward trend at about the same rate as before. Stocks normally decline at this season, and preliminary figures indicate that last month’s withdrawal was almost exactly according to the forecast estimates. ★ ★ ★ Acrylic resins, acrylic monomer under strict control Another finportant group of synthetic resins was added December 11 to the plastics whose distribution and use is now governed by WPB orders. Order M-260, issued December 11 by the WPB, places all acrylic resins and acrylic monomer, including such well-known commercial products as Lucite, Plexiglas, Acryloid, Crystalite and others, under rigid allocation and use control effective January 1, 1943. Exceptions to the new order are: Deliveries of resins exclusively for dental use, acceptance of delivery for aircraft glazing other than instrument lenses, certain deliveries of acrylic monomer within the confines of one company, and certain small order exemptions. 24 ★ VICTORY ★ December 15, 1942 East Coast sugar-delivery ¿ones expanded; increased supplies available An expansion of the sugar-delivery zones served by northeastern refiners and by importers of Cuban and Puerto Rican refined sugar was announced December 11 by the OPA. This change in zones was made possible by increased supplies of sugar now available to these refiners and importers. Zone servicing changes The new zoning order known as “Third Revised Zoning Order No. 1” became effective December 11, 1942. Zone 1, which is served from Boston, remains unchanged, but a new zone known as 1-A, including Vermont and western Massachusetts, is established. This zone is to be served by either Boston or New York refiners. Zones 2 and 3, which' are served from New York and Philadelphia, respectively, are expanded westward. Zone 4, which is served from Baltimore, is adjusted by the elimination of southeastern Virginia and* the addition of 15 counties in south central Pennsylvania and two counties in southern Delaware. Zone 5, which is served with Cuban and Puerto Rican refined sugar, is expanded by the addition of southeastern Virginia and the larger part of West Virginia. Zone 11, which is supplied by western beet and cane sugar sellers, is reduced as a result of the expansion of the eastern zones. * Price order for Baltimore refineries Due to this shift in zoning areas, the refiner in Baltimore will now sell in Pennsylvania and southern Delaware, regions formerly served by the Philadelphia refineries. In order to maintain present price schedules, a price order (Order No. 3 under Revised Price Schedule No. 60 effective December 11) issued simultaneously with the zoning order provides that sugar sold by the Baltimore refiner in this territory may be sold at the current rate of $5.60 per hundred pounds, with the provision that the difference between this price and the $5.45 ceiling applicable to sugar refined at Baltimore, will be credited to the Defense Supplies Corporation. The new zones are listed in Third Revised Zoning Order 1 under Rationing Order No. 3. ★ ★ ★ Navy, Marine Corps to issue sugar replacement certificates The Navy Department’s Bureau of Naval Personnel and the Marine Corps were authorized by the OPA December 7 to issue certificates to replace sugar used in products delivered to Ship Service Departments Ashore at Navy and Coast Guard Stations and to Marine Corps post exchanges. This extends a privilege given the Army Exchange Service with respect to Army post exchanges. This provision is contained in Amendment No. 28 to Ration Order No.3, effective December 7, 1942. LIMIT ON RFC REFRIGERATORS The Defense Supplies Corporation is the only Reconstruction Finance Corporation subsidiary to which domestic mechanical refrigerators frozen in manufacturers’ stocks can be sold without specific authorization, WPB has ruled in amending Order L-5-c. The original order had permitted sales of the frozen stocks to other RFC subsidiaries, resulting in some sales to the Defense Plant Corporation. The new action was effected by a revision of paragraph (b) (6) of the order, whose orig-"inal intent was to restrict sales to the DSC only. ★ ★ ★ Oil “coupon credit” extended to cooking and lighting Beginning December 16, consumers who have purchased fuel oil or kerosene since October 1 for domestic cooking and lighting and other nonheating uses and who did not apply *for a ration until after November 1 will be issued coupons to cover these purchases, the OPA announced December 10. The arrangement by which consumers will reimburse dealers with coupons for such deliveries to persons using fuel oil for cooking and lighting is similar to that previously provided for oil used for heat and hot water purposes. Coupons will be issued, in addition to the current ration, for purchases on “coupon credit” between October 1 and the date of application to the extent that these deliveries did not exceed the allowable ration for the period. Eligibility rules In order to be eligible for receiving ration coupons for past purchases, consumers applying for a ration after November 1 must attach to their application form a signed statement setting forth the amount of fuel oil received since October 1, the date of the transfer and the name and address of the dealer or supplier. i Where applications have already been made, the applicant must mail to the local board a statement of purchases since October 1 to be eligible for coupons for past deliveries. This action is taken in Amendment No. 13 to Ration Order No. 11—Fuel Oil Rationing Regulations — Effective December 16. Bicycle rationing order amended as aid to Government agencies Steps to provide for the needs of the Post Office Department and other Federal Government agencies which lease bicycles for use by employees were taken December 10 by the OPA. This was done by amending the bicycle rationing regulation (Ration Order No. 7) to permit dealers and others to acquire bicycles for lease to the Government agencies as well as for sale. Adult bicycle exchange The same amendment permits the exchange _of one new adult bicycle for another, so that tradesmen may replace bicycles delivered to consumers in an unsatisfactory condition. It also permits exchanges of bicycles among dealers. The changes, effective December 9, are contained in Amendment No. 5 to Ration Order No. 7. ★ ★ ★ All-rail coal shipments to New England up one-third This year’s all-rail coal shipments to New England to meet that area’s war-expanded fuel needs and replace fuel oil are approximately 4,500,000 tons—approximately 33% percent—ahead of last year, Solid Fuels Coordinator for War Ickes said December 7. Total 1942 shipments were estimated at approximately 16,777,000 tons as of. November 28, as compared with approximately -12,216,000 tons during the comparable period last year. ★ ★ ★ 1 O-percent mark-up set on newsprint paper sales Correcting a clerical error in the revision of the newsprint price regulation, the OPA December 7 set at 10 percent (not 16 percent) the maximum mark-up which paper merchants selling to other merchants may charge on sales of from 5,000 to 10,000 pounds of white standard newsprint paper in rolls. The change is contained in a correction to Revised Maximum Price Regulation No. 130—Standard Newsprint Paper—and is retroactive to November 16, the effective date of the Revised Regulation. . .< December 15, 1942 ★ VICTORY ★ 25 NO MORE CHOCOLATE SANTAS NOR BUNNIES, KIDS American children will contribute to the war program by sacrificing chocolate Santa Clauses, St. Valentine’s hearts, Easter bunnies and eggs and other chocolate novelties. By giving up such items, the children will provide additional breakfast cocoa and chocolate bars for their soldier brothers and sisters who are fighting the war, for their fathers and mothers, some of whom are working in war plants, and for themselves. Candy has gone to war When soldiers go to war they need candy. The soldier’s last ditch, “extreme emergency” food package, Ration D, for example, contains hard chocolate and sugar—lots of body fuel, little bulk. And candy remains the civilian’s favorite between meal snack. That’s why some kinds of candy aren’t as plentiful as they need to be. Candy makers have gone to war. “Demand for candy has risen steadily since 1939. Current candy production for civilians is somewhat short of estimated demand, but production is only a little under the 1941 level. In wartime people eat all the candy they can get,” said John M. Whittaker, WPB confectionery section chief. Twelve hundred plants and 70 thousand workers turn out the candy needs of civilian and soldier. The industry not only fills orders of the armed services for Ration D, but supplies the concentrated Ration K—including dextrose tablets, chocolate and chewing gum (in case drinking water is limited) for paratroops and other fighting men far from field kitchens. “Ration K and Ration D candy products are at war in the air, in the desert, in the jungle and under the sea,” Mr. Whittaker declared. Order prohibits novelty chocolate Beginning December 15, use of chocolate in manufacturing or coating novelty , items, coating miniature candy pieces,' manufacturing chocolate shot, or decorating chocolate candy is prohibited by Conservation Order M-145, as amended December 5. Cocoa beans, from which chocolate is made, are imported. Because of the shipping shortage, a quota has been placed on the grinding of such beans to conserve supplies. This quota represents 60 percent of grindings in the corresponding quarter of 1941. The war and your habits Gum scarce because people chew more and makers can’t get sugar and chicle Heavily increased consumer demand was described December 8 by John M. Whittaker, chief of the WPB confectionery section, as a principal factor in the chewing gum shortage, which is prevailing despite the fact that 1942 production almost equals the record 1941 output. Mr. Whittaker also attributed the shortage to sugar rationing, inability of manufacturers to increase production, large purchases by the armed forces, and difficulty in obtaining gum base. You chew 130 sticks a year Since 1914, per capita consumption of chewing gum has increased nearly 400 percent. In 1914, per capita consumption was approximately 39 sticks. In 1941, it was approximately 130 sticks per capita. In 1914, the consumption of chewing gum was about 28 million pounds, or the equivalent of about 3.7 billion sticks. This gum had a retail value of approximately 34 million dollars. In 1941, consumption was about 150 million pounds, or the equivalent of 15 billion sticks, with a retail value in excess of 140 million dollars. Consumption in 1942 is expected to be at about the same level, despite restrictions on raw materials. It would be considerably higher, if the gum could be produced. The number of plants in the chewing gum industry is small in relation to other food industries. Thirty-seven manufacturing establishments employ approximately 5,500 wage earners who receive more than $6,000,000 annually in wages. In recent years, the chewing gum industry has consumed annually approximately 60 millions pounds of sugar, about 17 million pounds of corn syrup, 9 million pounds of chicle, and 11 million pounds of other gum base. Some edible oils and flavoring extracts also were consumed. Shipping limits sugar and chicle supplies At present, chewing gum manufacturers can get only 70 percent of the amount of sugar they used in 1941. But the principal problem is obtaining gum base, which is composed ol chicle and of other gums needed in large quantities. Chicle is available, but shipping space is scarce. Thus far no satisfactory substitute for far eastern gums has been developed by any of the chewing gum manufacturers, but Mexican and South American gums are replacing them rapidly. Chicle is the coagulated sap of the sapodilla tree. About 75 percent of the chicle imported into the United States comes from Mexico, 20 percent from Guatemala, and- about 5 percent from British Honduras. The chicle tree has never been successfully cultivated to any extent, because it must attain the age of 30 years before it starts to produce, and should be tapped only once in six seasons. The United States is by far the largest market for chicle, taking about 90 percent of the total world supply. This trade plays an important part in hemisphere and good neighbor economy. Under the amendment, beginning December 15, no person may accept delivery of or use any material produced from cocoa beans for any of the following purposes in connection with production for sale: 1. Manufacturing chocolate shot. 2. Manufacturing hollow-molded novelty items. 3. Manufacturing solid chocolate novelty items. 4. Partially or wholly coating novelty items. 5. Partially or wholly coating miniature candy pieces weighing, when coated, less than one-sixtieth of a pound. However, allnut, all-peanut, and all-fruit pieces are exempt. 6. Applying chocolate decoration (other than “stringing”), by spray-gun, pastry-bag, or other methods, to chocolate-coated candy pieces. Novelty items are defined as products manufactured in a special shape commemorating, symbolizing, or representing any holiday, event, person, animal or object. “In addition to war services,” Mr. Whittaker said, “the candy industry is trying to meet a civilian demand for candy that normally averages about 16 pounds per capita annually. 26 ★ VICTORY ★ December 15, 1942 PRICE ADMINISTRATION ... Price formulas set for fruit preserves packed in new “conservation” containers Packers of fruit preserves, jams and jellies and apple butter—forced to make the changeover from tin to glass or to make switches in container sizes and types because of war conservation programs—were given two “all purpose” amendments December 7, 1942, by OPA, which will enable them to establish ceiling prices on these new items. In general, the move ultimately will result in slight increases in those instances where the packer has beenv forced to pack his product in more expensive containers. Changes effective December 11 * Effective December 11,1942, three major changes are made by Amendment No. 3 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 226. Three similar provisions are also contained in Amendment No. 2 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 232, effective the same day. These are: (1) A new method is provided for pricing new and odd container types and sizes. The formula sets prices for new and odd sizes by relating them to nearsizes for which a price already has been determined under the packer’s regulation. ' , Sales to ultimate consumer (2) A specially adjusted pricing for-, mula also is provided for packers of preserves and apple butter who sell directly to the ultimate consumer. They are directed to figure a separate price to that class of purchaser. Under his special formula, such a packer adds to his March price the permitted increase which he figured for his wholesaler or retailer customers (in the proper retail units), if he has such customers. If he sells only to the consumer, he adds the same “permitted increase” which the nearest comparable packer has calculated for his wholesalers or retailers. This permits packer-retailers to sell at maximums which bear the same relationship to prices charged by competing retailers as they have borne in the past. (3) Packers also are told how to compute their customers “permitted increases” in two special situations. Any packer who did not make any December 1941 sales now is directed to usé his highest offering price during December 1941. In the absence of an offering price, the packer must go to his closest competitor—not for the December 1941 price—but for the permitted increase itself. On the other hand, a packer who had a price during December 1941 but who has had to take the maximum price of his competitor because he made no sales during the 1941 base period, is now required to figure permitted increases on the basis of his own December 1941 price, rather than that of his competitor. ★ ★ ★ Six manufacturers agree to cent-a-pound cut on glycerin sales to Government A big saving to the taxpayer on glycerin, vital ingredient of ammunition and other military supplies, was effected December 7 by the OPA through a voluntary agreement with the six big manufacturers to reduce their price one cent a pound on all sales to the Government. The companies, which produce 95 per-cenf of the Nation’s glycerin, are Armour Soap Works, Colgate-Palmolive-Peet Co., Harshaw Chemical Co., Lever Brothers, Procter & Gamble Co., and Swift & Co. The agreement was worked out in conferences between their representatives and OPA’s chemicals and drugs price branch. Sales price lists Glycerin prices were reduced substantially as recently as October 1942 when the product was brought under Price Schedule 38. With the new reduction of one cent, the price on sales to the Government will be 17% cents a pound in tank cars for C. P. glycerin (98 percent glycerol), 17% cents in carload lots of drums and 18% cents in less than carload lots of drums. All other grades will run 17 cents, 17% cents, and 17% cents. • Price base changed for four types of Pacific Coast hops sales Prices on four types of hops sales were changed—December 10—by the OPA from an f. o. b. basis to a delivered basis through amendment to the hops maximum price regulation issued December 5. The pricings thus affected: Pacific Coast regular seeded hops by grower cooperatives, or grower dealers, 43 cents a pound; Pacific Coast seedless hops by grower cooperatives, pr grower dealers, 45 cents a pound; Pacific Coast regular seeded hops by a dealer, 48 cents a pound; Pacific Coast seedless hops by a dealer, 50 cents a pound. (All on hops grown previous to the 1942 crop.) While these now are priced on a delivered basis, the other four types of sales of hops grown previous to the 1942 crop covered by Maximum Price Regulation 279 (Hops) remain on an f. o. b. basis. The changes were effected through Amendment No. 1 to the regulation, effective December 10. ★ . ★ ★ Grain storage ceilings set for Idaho warehouses < Idaho warehouses may charge a maximum price of 15^ per ton per month for storage of grain, with thirty days free storage, and $1 per ton for handling services, the OPA ruled December 10. These maximum charges recognize the rates- set by the Idaho Public Utilities Commission in April 1942 for Northern Idaho and in June 1942 for Southern Idaho. ♦ ♦ * CREPE PAPER—Because of duplication in listing maximum retail prices for unprinted single weight crepe paper in folds, the OPA December 8 revoked Amendment No. 47 to, Supplementary Regulation No. 14 to the general maximum price regulation. The identical provisions of the revoked amendment are contained in Amendment No. 10 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 129. December 15, 1942 ★ VICTORY ★ 27 No price rise for “pre-victory” rubber footwear, dealers warned Dealers who have been reluctant to dispose of stocks of "pre-victory” lines of waterproof rubber footwear in expectation of approval of higher maximum prices were advised December 11 by the OPA that no general adjustment of such prices is in prospect. The footwear referred to is that produced before February 11 of this year, when a "Victory Line” was established under a WPB order limiting the use of crude rubber in such items. ★ ★ ★ » Gift stocking ceilings may be marked on tags, OPA rules Permission to mark ceiling prices and required information about quality of silk stockings on tags attached to the outside of specially wrapped Christmas gift packages of women’s silk hose was granted December 10 by the OPA at the same time that it set dollars and cents prices for one type of specially dyed silk hosiery. “Ingrain” hose defined For “ingrain” full-fashioned silk stockings—made from yarn which is dyed in fast color before knitting—a retail ceiling of $2.35 is provided for first quality 48 gauge and higher and $1.95 for first quality 45 gauge and lower, with appropriate discounts for substandard qualities. A «elatively small amount of "ingrain” hosiery is now on the market. Thèse maximums reflect the normal price relationship between such stockings as compared with hose which are dyed after knitting, the OPA said. ★ ★ ★ Wholesaler’s ceilings hiked on men’s molded clogs The maximum wholesaler’s price for men’s molded clogs, a type of waterproof footwear manufactured only by Tingley Reliance Co. of Rahway, N. J., has been raised 3 cents a pair to compensate the wholesaler for freight cost, which is not paid by the company, the OPA announced December 9- At the time OPA originally set the wholesale ceiling on this item, it was assumed that the manufacturer bore the cost of freight to the wholesaler. "Private formula” cosmetics, drugs get method for setting wholesale prices An automatic pricing formula for new cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and proprietary drugs manufactured to the specifications of the individual buyer—known as private formula products—was issued December 10 by the OPA. The pricing method, which is contained in Maximum Price Regulation No. 282—Proprietary Drug and Cosmetic Products—is based on the manufacturer’s March 1942 costs and applies to private formula products not sold by the manufacturer during March, the base pricing period of the general maximum price regulation. The pricing method is to be used only to determine the man-ufaoturer’s selling price, and will not affect the retail price levels. Retailers and wholesalers will establish their ceiling prices under the general maximum price regulation. The regulation is effective December 14. To determine direct unit cost The regulation provides that a manufacturer, in determining his maximum price for a private formula product which he did not sell during March 1942, shall compute the unit direct cost of the product being priced. The manufacturer shall add to this cost the percent- age of mark-up which was obtained on that sale of a comparable private formula product, which during the twelve months period ended March 31, 1942, was nearest in quantity to the sale of the product being priced. In determining the unit direct cost of the new product, a manufacturer used March labor rates and March costs of materials, unless the OPA has rolled back the prices of the materials, or actual prices are lower, in which event he uses the lower prices. Report to Washington The order provides that prices determined according to the formula must be reported to the Washington, D. C., office of the OPA before any deliveries are made. This report must include a description of the product being priced, quantity sold, name and address of t£e purchaser, proposed sales price and terms of sale, a similar description of the comparable product, and an itemized statement showing the computation of the maximum price. If, within fifteen days after the report is received, the OPA modifies the maximum price as determined by the manufacturer, refunds may be required on sales and deliveries made during the fifteen-day period. Ceilings set on bunker fuel for vessels coaling in New York Harbor . Because the increased demand in New York Harbor for coal to meet bunker fuel requirements has necessitated importation of coal from the southern fields, the OPA, December 13, acted to set maximum prices which would assure a sufficient supply for ocean-going vessels carrying war material. The amendment (No. 4) to Regulation No. 189 allows those supplying bunker fuel in New York Harbor to vessels moving off-shore to charge as a maximum for coal from Districts Nos. 7 and 8 the maximum bunker fuel price allowed for the northern coal, plus the freight differen-tial involved in haulage from the southern fields as against haulage from the northern fields. The amendment is effective December 18. Two OPA industrial materials price branches consolidate Consolidation of two branches of OPA’s industrial materials price division to form a single nonferrous metals branch was announced December 10 by Deputy Administrator Galbraith, in charge of the price department. The new branch, headed by John D. Sumner as price executive, incorporates the previously existing copper, aluminum, and ferro-alloys branch and the zinc, lead, and tin branch. Mr. Sumner has been price executive of the zinc, lead, and tin branch for more than a year, and is on leave from the University of Buffalo, where he is professor of economics. N. H. McDiarmid, principal administrative officer of the zinc, lead, and tin, branch before the reorganization, will serve the new branch in the same capacity. 28 ★ VICTORY ★ December 15, 1942 CIVILIAN DEFENSE ... Civilian fliers chalk up successes' against subs as CAP begins second year with 65,000 enrolled in 600 squadrons The OCD Civil Air Patrol began on December 8 its second year as the only force of nonmilitary fliers serving a warring nation. CAP now has enrolled 65,000 civilians in 48 Wings, one in each State. 600 CAP squadrons *Six hundred CAP squadrons are using more than 1,000 civilian airports «in operations ranging from special missions and practice flights, without pay for time and equipment, to full-time active duty for which compensation covers only subsistence and plane maintenance. About one-third of the members are pilots, one-third student pilots, and the others radio operators, mechanics, photographers, nurses, typists, and ground crew members. What CAP has accomplished “In no branch of Civilian Defense have men and women given their time and skills more generously than in the Civil Air Patrol,” said OCD Director Landis. “Their activities have generally been a military secret, but it may be said that submarines spotted by coastal patrol planes have been sunk and others about to attack merchant vessels have crash-dived at the approach of our planes. Vessels in distress have been reported and hundreds of survivors of torpedoings have been rescued when their positions were radioed to shore by coastal patrol planes. Several CAP fliers have given their lives in this service of their country.” Home front duties Members on other active-duty missions, using planes of less than the 90 horsepower required for coastal patrol work, have patrolled forests and observed fires, carried Government and war plant officials on rush trips, carried urgent shipments to war plants to prevent stoppage of production, and cooperated in aerial gunnery and searchlight practice and the training of ground troops. While not on active duty, CAP squadrons have performed the functions of an aerial home guard. Serving without compensation, they have cooperated with local Civilian Defense officials in observation of black-outs, conducting mock air raids, and testing air-raid warning networks. In floods and tornadoes, squadrons have turned out for reconnaissance and rescue duties and the flying of medical supplies. Has acted as supporting branch Without the CAP as a controlling and organizing medium, it might have been necessary to ground all private aviation, not only in certain coastal areas where Army restrictions have been put in force, OCD declared. Many of the 25,000 private planes and 100,000 private pilots have thus been kept in service, supporting military and commercial aviation in war duties. CAP cadets, recently established, will provide replacements for squadrons as CAP members leave for military service and will familiarize its members with aviation in preparation for military duty. Each squadron may sponsor a cadet group, and each CAP member may sponsor a boy or girl in the last two years of high school for membership. ★ ★ ★ Ceilings set on 2 lines of stirrup pumps; 2 others revised Maximum prices for two manufacturers of stirrup pumps are established and the ceiling prices previously fixed for two others are revised in an action announced December 10 by the OPA. The action, effective December 16, is contained in Amendment No. 3 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 234—Approved Stirrup Pumps—which sets maximum prices for stirrup pumps approved by the OCD and Defense Supplies Corporation. Firms affected Dollars and cents ceilings established for sales at all levels of the pumps produced by the Dobbins Manufacturing Co. of St. Paul, Minn., and the James Graham Manufacturing Co. of Newark, Calif., are in line with prices earlier set on pumps produced by four other manufacturers. As a result of difficulties encountered by the manufacturers in obtaining ethyl cellulose hose, the amendment revises the ceiling prices for the pumps made by the Oakes Manufacturing Co. of Tipton, Ind., and the Tennessee Stove Works of Chattanooga, Tenn. A V-Home follows the air raid precautions recommended by its Local Defense Council. Are you still turning out lights or fussing with blackout makeshifts when the air raid warning sounds? This reminder of the need for real preparations was drawn for OCD by Gluyas Williams. Make your home a V-Home! December 15, 1942 ★ VICTORY ★ 29 WAR INFORMATION ... Nazis prepare to defend West Europe; kill hostages to control peoples German preparations for defense of the west coast of Europe against possible United Nations landing forces, together with Nazi efforts to hold control over the people in Occupied Europe, are reported in dispatches which have reached the United Nations Information Office in New York. Quislings learn street fighting In Norway, the Quisling stormtroopers, whose organization is called “HIRD,” are being trained in street fighting. All civilian Germans in Norway have been ordered to attend evening meetings in order to learn to handle weapons. They are to be trained as a “Military Reserve” and have received instructions as to their duties in case of internal revolt or invasion. Norwegians have been moved from vital defense areas, and others have been made to practice the evacuation of certain territories. The coastal zone of Holland has been declared a defense area to a depth, at points, of 35 miles. Blockhouses have been constructed, camouflaged batteries established, and the dunes mined?" On the Veluwe plateau, east of Utrecht, enormous camps have been built to receive evacuees, as it has been announced that the only people who will be allowed to remain in the defense area will be those who are needed to keep essential services going. Belgian hostages shot For the first time since the occupation of Belgium, the Germans have executed Belgian hostages. The German military commandant ordered eight Belgian hostages to be shot to avenge the death of the Rexist burgomaster of Charleroi, Jean Teughels. Twenty-four more Belgians were executed for sabotage or possession of prohibited arms. Between 8,000 and 10,000 Belgian patriots are in prison for sabotage and resisting German authority. A prohibited zone has been declared along the Belgian coast line, extending 15 miles inland. Inside this belt, inhabitants are not allowed to travel for more than 3t miles from their homes without a special permit. People living inland are not allowed to travel to the coast without a permit. Part of the population of Ostend has already been evacuated. All buildings On the Ostend sea front and streets leading to town have been cleared, and walls have been erected at the entrances to these streets, obstructing their view toward the sea. Nests of heavy machine guns have been installed in villas facing the sea on the north side of the Rue Royale, and corners of the adjoining streets. The cellars of some of the villas on the front have been transformed into munition dumps. Czechs, Slovaks, Greeks still resist Fourteen Czechoslovaks were executed for sabotage or possessing arms, and 8 more were sentenced to death for similar offenses. This brings the total number of Czechoslovaks executed since the beginning of November to 63. Several Slovak foremen have been arrested for sabotage at the Hungarian shoe factory which is producing footwear for Germany. News of the resistance of the Greek people against the Germans, Italians, and Bulgirs reaches the Greek Government in London, but with delay. A Greek laborer was shot at Thebes on October 25 for participation in an armed raid against the Axis occupation troops. A policeman and a farm laborer were shot by the Italian occupation authorities on October 15 for possessing firearms. • * • SOUVENIRS FROM SOLDIERS— Men in the United States armed forces abroad can now sepd gifts or souvenirs to the value of $50 back home duty-free. Formerly such gifts from the men overseas were subject to customs duties. The bill—signed by President Roosevelt on December 5—became law in time to save service men and their friends and relatives the payment of customs duties during the busy Christmas season. U. S. casualties for first year of war total 58,307 men . Announced casualties of the United States armed forces from the outbreak of war to December 7 total 58,307 the Office of War Information reported December 7. This total includes killed, wounded, missing, interned in neutral countries and prisoners of Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Merchant Marine and the Philippine Scouts. Most of the Army’s casualties are classified as missing and inasmuch as the majority of them were in the Philippines and the Dutch East Indies, most of these are presumed to be prisoners of war. Information, however, is lacking due to the absence heretofore of accurate prisoner lists from Japan. War Department report The War Department reported that as of December 7 the Army’s casualties totaled 35,678. Of this number 2,009 (including 480 Philippine Scouts) were killed; 3,332 (including 754 Philippine Scouts) were wounded. There are 29,-000 missing in the Philippines and Dutch East Indies, including 10,500 Philippine Scouts. 1,119 are missing elsewhere in action. 112 are prisoners of war, not including those missing in Philippines, and 106 are interned in neutral countries. Of the 3,332 wounded, 609 have returned to duty. Navy Department report The Navy Department has reported or is in the process of reporting 22,629 casualties to next of kin from December 7, 1941, to December 7,1942. This includes: Navy: Dead, 4,532; wounded, 1,579; missing, 8,636. Marine Corps: Dead, 1,129; wounded, 1,413, missing, 1,926. Coast Guard: Dead, 40; wounded, 11; missing, 119. Merchant Marine: Dead, 482; wounded, 0; missing, 2,762. The number of U. S. civilians interned, according to Japanese and German figures to date is 3,138. 30 ★ VICTORY ★ December 15, 1942 TRANSPORTATION More materials for street car, bus repair Increased use of materials for repair and maintenance of street cars, trolley buses and rolling stock of urban elevated and subway systems is authorized for 1943, as compared with 1942, while production of spare parts for those purposes has been placed under regulatory control through the issuance of Limitation Order L-229 by WPB. New rolling stock to serve the increased demands for urban transportation will be available only in small numbèrs because of the scarcity of materials and because car builders are mainly engaged in supplying military vehicles, ordnance material and industrial equipment for war. Manufacturers are authorized to schedule production of replacement parts ordered by or for carriers as if the orders bore a rating of AA-2X. Beginning January 1,1943, each carrier may acquire new materials and parts in any succeeding quarterly period in quantities proportionate to the ratio of scheduled vehicle miles for the 1943 quarter as compared with corresponding total for the similar quarter in 1942. No carrier will be permitted to replace with a new part a similar one that is usable within reasonable limits of safety or which can be reconditioned by use of available facilities. Exception is allowed when use of a new replacement part is necessary to permit reconditioning of the old part. Bay City-Alpena bus service coordinated to save 3,900 miles Coordination of bus service between Bay City and Alpena, Mich., was ordered December 7 by ODT Director Eastman as a rubber and equipment conservation measure. The order (Special Order ODT B-33) is designed to save 3,900 scheduled bus miles a month. Balcer Brpthers Motor Coach Co., Inc., was directed to operate a through service which is not to exceed two round trips daily between Bay City and East Tawas, Mich. Albert Rivet, doing business as the Huron Shore Bus Line, was directed to operate a through service which is not to exceed two round trips daily between East Tawas and Alpena, and to discontinue present duplicate service between East Tawas and Bay City. Both operators are to coordinate their service to provide connections at East Tawas. * * * TAXI MESSENGERS—Taxicabs may be used to deliver telegrams, cables and radio communications of an emergency nature when another medium of delivery is not available, ODT announced December 11. Warehouse industry to get ODT manpower information The ODT and the storage manpower committee, recently created by ODT, will distribute to the warehouse industry information designed to aid in meeting manpower shortages, it was announced December 9. Will distribute material The informative materials, which will be prepared by ODT and distributed throughout the industry by the committee, will include a discussion of Selective Service procedure, an explanation of War Manpower Commission organization, and suggestions for the utilization of Federal recruiting and training programs. To help orderly withdrawal The committee and the ODT will assist the warehouse industry in working with the Bureau of Selective Service of the War Manpower Commission toward an orderly withdrawal of workers for service in the armed forces. The ODT also will make periodic analyses of the industry’s manpower requirements and, at the suggestion of the committee, will consider cold and dry storage operations separately. ODT will give speedy attention to commercial fuel appeals Streamlined procedures have been set up by ODT to handle appeals from commercial operators who consider the mileage and fuel allotments provided in their Certificates of War Necessity to be inadequate, the ODT announced December 8. Certificates of War Necessity have been issued for the bulk of the country’s 5,000,000 commercial motor vehicles. However, a number of the original applications did not contain sufficient information. In such cases, certificates were issued bearing mileage and fuel allowances designed to tide the operators over until additional information could be obtained. There was not sufficient time to obtain the necessary additional information. All appeals will be handled by the ODT’s 1942 district offices. Farmers should file their appeals through the farm transportation committees. Others should file appeals directly with the ODT district offices. These appeals may be filed immediately. The original instruc- -tions requiring that the appeals be withheld for 30 days are now canceled. Every effort will be made to grant commercial operators as much mileage and gasoline as they need. Operators were warned, however, to bear in mind that commercial motor vehicles will have to get along on less than half as much rubber in 1943 than they consumed in 1941. The Whole purpose of the Certificates of War Necessity is to prevent a breakdown in transportation. All appeals for adjustment of mileage and fuel allowances in the original certificates, regardless of the reasons for the appeals, will be made on the same form— CWN-5-S for operators of one or two commercial motor vehicles, CWN-5-F for operators of more than two such vehicles. Those whose original certificates have been lost or accidentally destroyed will apply for new certificates on Form CWN-2. An arrangement has been made with OPA whereby operators who claim their allotments are inadequate may obtain temporary transport rations sufficient to continue their operations through December and January. December 15, 1942 ★ VICTORY ★ 31 V-2.88-/2/Æ V-18HZIIS 32 ★ VICTORY ★ December 15, 1942 - OP A tells what to do about this and other war shortages X marks the spot where 90 percent of the world’s rubber is produced. It was drawn there in blood by the Japs to cross out our rubber supply. Illustration is from “Take Care of Household Rubber,” one of a series of leaflets prepared by the Bureau of Home Economics and issued jointly with OPA. Three others are “How to Make Your Refrigerator Last Longer,” “How to Make Your Washing Machine Last Longer ” and “How to Make Your Ironing Equipment Last Longer.” All may be obtained by writing to the Office of Price Administration, Washington, D. C. OPA also has prepared a 24-page illustrated booklet on price control, “How You Can Help Keep Wartime Prices Down,” which is available from OPA State and regional offices, and from war price and rationing boards. “Rent Control Holds Down Living Costs,” another OPA leaflet, may be secured from OPA area rent offices. ★ ★ ★ OPA puts rent control on first of new areas , Residential rents in Adams and Clay Counties, Nebraska, will be cut back to levels prevailing March 1, 1942, and brought under Federal control, the OPA announced December 10. These two counties are the first to be brought under control as a result of President Roosevelt’s Directive to Price Administrator Henderson on October 8 to take steps to extend rent control throughout the Nation. Food prices up 40 percent since 1939 Pood costs for the average family rose by 1.2 percent between October 13 and November 17, Secretary of Labor Perkins reported on December 12. Most of the increase was in fresh fruits, vegetables and fresh fish, none of which are under direct control by the Office of Price Administration. These foods advanced an average of 6.6 percent and are now selling 21 percent higher than in May 1942. Food prices under direct control of the OPA advanced only 0.5 per- ' cent over the month, due to readjustment of quotations for a number of products. These include, lard, canned fruits and vegetables, canned fish, and eggs and butter. The retail cost of food is now 7.8 percent above mid-May of this year, just preceding the effective date of the general maximum price regulation. -Lend-Lease needs will The amount of oils available for the manufacture of soap will be curtailed by rapidly increasing demands for edible fats and oils to feed our Allies this winter, WPB officials disclosed December 10. The facts in the situation were discussed at a meeting in Washington between officials and members of the soap and glycerin industry advisory committee of the chemicals division. The foods requirement committee has recommended that no edible fats or oils be used for soap making. Demands for oils and fats, as well as for meat and grain, far surpass the stocks on hand. Russia considers food as important as tanks and guns, and the same is true of Great Britain. Fat is the most concentrated form of food that can be shipped. In spite of increased production of peanuts, flaxseed, cottonseed, hogs, and soy beans, there will not be a sufficient supply of edible oils to fill the needs of Lend-Lease The index of retail food costs for November 17 stood at 131.1 percent of the 1935-39 average, the highest point reached since January 1930. The cost of food is now 16 percent higher than last year at this time and has gone up 40 percent since the outbreak of the war in Europe. Of the 51 cities included in the index, 40 reported increases and 11 showed decreases in average food costs. All cities surveyed in the New England, Middle Atlantic, Mountain, and Pacific areas reported increases, while ’ all cities surveyed in the West South Central area showed decreases because of locally lower prices for fruits and vegetables. San Francisco showed the greatest Increase (3.5 percent), while Dallas and Savannah reported the largest declines (0.8 percent). cut oils for soap and manufacturers in this country as well. The current butter shortage also will drain supplies of other edible fats and oils. All fats and oils that can be used for edible purposes should be conserved. A subcommittee is to consider means of eliminating such oils in soap manufacturing. In regard to glycerin, the situation is growing more and more critical, but not so critical that glycerin for war purposes will have to be obtained from edible fats and oils. Glycerin will have to be conserved for war needs, however, and civilian requirements for this product will not be met if such requirements mean the using up of fats and oils needed for food. A further factor is that increased Lend-Lease demands of a very recent date have enlarged the requirements for glycerin. _ Henderson resigns as Civilian Supply chief WPB Chairman Nelson announced December 10 the resignation of Leon Henderson as director of the Office of Civilian Supply» and the appointment of Joseph L. Weiner to succeed Mr. Henderson. Mr. Weiner has been serving as ~ deputy director since the start of WPB. In a letter to Mr. Nelson, Mr. Hender- son stated that the increasing pressure of work within the Office of Price Administration which “has first claim on my time and energies,” compelled his resignation from the Office of Civilian Supply. In his reply, Mr. Nelson praised Mr. Henderson’s achievement in helping get this country ready for war production. V. 1. GOVERN ME NT PRINTING OFFICE: 1941