[Victory : Official Weekly Bulletin of the Office of War Information. V. 3, No. 29]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]
VICTORY
OFFICIAL WEEKLY BULLETIN OF THE OFFICE OF WAR INFORMATION
WASHINGTON, D. C.
JULY 21, 1942
VOLUME 3, NUMBER 29
IN THIS ISSUE
Review of the Week____________ 2
On the Home Front_____________ 3
LABOR
Toward a wage policy___________ 1
MANPOWER
War rapidly absorbing labor____ 6
U. S. steps in to prevent “pirating” _______________________ 7
84 essential occupations and the draft______________________— 7
WAR PRODUCTION
WPB rules out shift in rubber program_____________________ 8
Priority Actions______________ 18
RATIONING
The why of sugar restrictions__ 20
Easier procedure for public____ 21
Bicycle quotas are reduced_____ 21
PRICE ADMINISTRATION
Relieving the retailer________ 22
TOWARD A WAGE POLICY
War Labor Board takes January 1941 buying oower as basis for “Little Steel” award
The National War Labor Board last week announced in the Little Steel case a wage stabilization policy which is based on maintaining the purchasing power of hourly wage rates as of January 1941. This policy, according to William H. Davis, Board Chairman, will “lead to a ‘terminal’ for the tragic race between wages and prices.”
Workers accept decision
On the basis of five guiding principles set forth in the opinion of the Board on the wage issue, written by Dr. George W. Taylor, vice-chairman, the Board granted the employees of four little steel companies an increase of 5^0 an hour, or 440 a day. The United Steelworkers of America, CIO, had asked an increase of 12^0 an hour or $1 a day for the 157,000 workers involved.
On July 17 the policy committee of the steelworkers* union unanimously accepted the decision of the Board after receiving the telegram from President Roosevelt which said that “control of the threatening rise of the cost of living is of paramount domestic Importance.” The union answered the telegram by stating in a resolution:
“As workers we embrace the opportunity of being in the forefront in carrying out the national policy which will aid our Nation in its war for total survival.”
In accordance with an interim order
of the Board of April 24, the wage increase will be retroactive to the date of certification of each case—February 6 in the case of the Bethlehem Steel Co., February 7 in the case of the Republic Steel Corporation, and February 10 in the case of both the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., and the Inland Steel Co. The vote on the wage issue was 8 to 4, the labor members dissenting.
The Board also ordered the four steel companies to include a maintenance of membership and check-off clause in what will be their first contract with a national steel union and granted a 24-year-old request for a guaranteed daily minimum wage. Those workers who do not . desire to be bound by the maintenance of membership and check-off provisions will have 15 days during which they can resign from the union. The employer members dissented on the union security provision and all three groups on the Board were unanimous on the daily guarantee.
THE WAGE ISSUE
Dr. George W. Taylor, vice chairman of the Board, outlined thé guiding principles on which the Board decided this case as follows:
“In full recognition of its grave responsibility to the Nation, and for reasons later detailed in this opinion, the National War Labor Board has determined that the following guiding princi-(Continued on page 4)
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July 21, 1942
Review of the Week
Wages made the news last week on the domestic front—which is to say that wage issues were the foam on the wave of American effort that will overwhelm the Axis. The National War Labor Board granted workers in the “Little Steel” companies 44 cents of a demanded dol-lar-a-day increase. Eighteen cents of this was for what the board called ‘“equity,” but 26 cents was granted on the basis of the. 15-percent rise in the cost of living between January 1, 1941, and May 1, 1942. Price experts hurried to estimate what effect this standard would have if generally applied.
Steps to end labor “pirating”
Wages entered the picture again in the revelation by War Manpower Commission Chairman McNutt, that he will use all the force of his office where necessary to end “pirating” of labor. Manufacturers in communities where labor is critically short will be asked to agree against upsetting the labor market by enticing scarce skilled workers away from one another. If they don’t agree, however, the Government is to set up local controls anyway.
The West Coast Airframe Stabilization Conference, called to stabilize aircraft workers’ wages and working conditions, recessed temporarily after the representatives of labor, management, and Government failed to reach an immediate agreement.
Nelson explains rubber-making plans
Materials, now the central concern of the War Production Board, were very much in the public eye as WPB Chairman Nelson went before a Senate subcommittee to explain about rubber-making plans. WPB has decided against shifting to more alcohol and less petroleum as a basis for the Synthetic rubber now planned, he said. He admitted that later reflection may show mistakes have been made, but pointed out that WPB had to make decisions and get action with urgent speed.
Sugar rationing must continue
Rationing of sugar will have to continue on about the present basis if we
are to share and share alike, the Office of Price Administration observed. Civilians, armed forces, and our allies are using up all we can ship in except a very small amount needed to rebuild our depleted reserves.
New system for gasoline deliveries
At the same time OPA made arrangements with the Defense Supplies Corporation to pay extra freight charges on sugar shipped from the West Coast to areas east of Chicago, so that supplies could be distributed equally. Steps were taken to make the rationing system easier for individuals and industrial users.
OPA also announced that the number of gasoline rationing tickets taken in by a given filling station will be made the basis for deliveries to the station. The 50 percent cut in deliveries ordered by WPB was thus replaced by a new system. Meanwhile, OPA sharply reduced the quota of bicycles for rationing in July, because of a WPB order stopping production at the end of August.
The first court order restraining a real estate operator from charging rents above the ceiling rewarded OPA’s efforts.
Relief for retailers
New York retail stores who were caught with a milk ceiling below their present buying cost got a price boost temporarily while OPA considers what to do about the squeeze. Retail stores in general benefited by an amendment to the universal ceiling which permits them to adjust prices immediately if they have unjustly low ceilings because of special sales or other conditions in the base period. Retail chains received help in maintaining uniform prices for their stores.
More household items disappear
Other OPA actions covered a wide field including lumber, textiles, scrap metals, machine tools, pigments, pine oil, industrial diamonds, coffee, canned vegetables, glass and wallboard.
WPB revealed that hundreds of household items once considered almost in the essential class have gone out of production to save materials and plants for war production. In continuing this program,
WPB last week took action affecting these diverse materials and products:
Metal shelving; metal sign materials; metal plastering bases; Venetian blinds; portable lamps and shades; lithium compounds; antimony; binoculars and ship valves; aniline; arsenic; xylol; tin and terne plate; fire protective equipment; silk waste; Sitka spruce (several grades frozen).
WPB also unfroze some 45,000 electric ranges for sale to the public.
Also last week, as Conservation Chief Rosenwald warned that scrap must be kept flowing into war plants, more than 300,000 meat markets from coast to coast prepared to receive from housewives some of the 2,000,000 pounds of needed fats that normally would be thrown away this year.
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Rail transport of oil to East sets new record for week
A new record movement of 788,550 barrels of oil each day by rail to the East Coast was announced July 16 by Petroleum Coordinator Harold L Ickes for the week ended July 11.
This is an increase of 56,790 barrels daily over the old mark of 731,760 barrels averaged during the week ended June 20 and is 68,040 barrels a day more than the volume moved in the week of July 4.
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Production of beauty aids governed by new order
Production of baby powder, shaving cream, tooth cleanser and several other toilet articles may continue unrestricted, provided they do not contain certain critical materials, under terms of Order L-171 issued July 17 by the WPB.
A long list of articles, including bath salts, cleansing cream, cologne, face powder, lipstick, mascara, perfume, suntan preparation, etc., may be produced in as large a quantity as they were produced in 1941.
A third list, including bath milk, bubble bath, eyelash curler, hair lacquer, etc., may be produced on a basis of 80 percent of 1941 production.
This action was taken in a basic enabling order and two schedules.
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July 21, 1942
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On the Home Front
One of the things we worried about six months ago was whether our great industries could be changed over from making the autos and the gadgets and the appliances of peace to manufacture— on the same mass production basis—the weapons of war.
Today we know these industries can do just that, because many of the largest of them have done it and others are doing it. War Production Board Chairman Donald M. Nelson says our factories will turn out a total of about 45 billion dollars’ worth of weapons and military supplies and equipment this year, and he expects that the figure will rise to 70 or 75 billions (at current prices) in 1943.
Salvaging to save our liberties
That last figure is truly colossal, it means production for war on a scale never before attained. It means that we are shooting the works—we have no other choice, if we wish to preserve our liberties. It means that we shall be making almost nothing for ordinary civilian uses, and it means that we must do a better job of salvage than we have been doing, because no amount of production facilities can deliver the goods unless there are materials with which to work. And scrap is an important ingredient of most materials, in 1941 half of the raw material required to make iron and steel products was iron and steel scrap. That’s why WPB is pressing its new, continuing National Salvage Campaign, and that’s why all of us must stay on the salvage job until we’ve won the war.
Typewriters at the front
We have with us now a brand new sort of campaign, a campaign to get 600,000 used typewriters out of civilian use and into the armed forces. A natural enough first reaction to this campaign is that wars aren’t fought with typewriters. As a matter of fact, they pretty much are— and not in the sense of office paper work, either. The typewriter with the armed forces isn’t merely a business machine, it’s a means of communication, of swift and legible communication, as much a means of communication as, for Instance, the field telephone or radio. Example: A bomber squadron is about to depart on a raid over enemy cities. It is imperative that each pilot receive last-minute weather reports at the moment of departure, and that these reports be clear
and legible. The typewriter, of course, is the answer.
Typewriters go up to the front with advanced units, typewriters are in the advanced posts of Medical Corps detachments, typewriters record the streams of communication flowing into and out from the radio rooms of fleet flagships, type-
REPRINTING PERMISSIBLE
Requests have been received for permission to reprint “On the Home Front” in whole or in part. This column, like all other material in VicxpRY, may be reprinted without special permission. If excerpts are used, the editors ask only that they be taken in such a way that their original meaning is preserved.
writers speed guns and planes to the front from the day a contract (typewritten) is signed until the day an order (typed) sends gun or plane into action. The typewriter is important in war, but it’s more important that the skills and the machines employed in making typewriters be used to make weapons. That’s why civilian business has been asked to sell typewriters to the .Government (except models made prior to 1935).
War employment doubles
Employment in war industries has practically doubled in the seven months since Pearl Harbor, with 12,500,000 workmen on the job—free workmen working to preserve a free Nation. And War Manpower Commission Chairman Paul V. McNutt expects that 5,000,000 more will have been added to war pay rolls • by next New Year’s Day. Even now labor shortages are showing up in many production centers and in transportation and such shortages will spread rapidly within the next few months. Women and youths and retired workers will have to plug the gaps, keep the lines of the production army closed.
And it’s double trouble for Hitler
One thing sure, our labor problems aren’t anything like the labor problems of the Nazis. The Nazis are trying to fill the gaps in their production lines with slave labor, but slaves do not produce as effectively as free men, and Hitler’s slaves are from the Axis-occupied countries and are filled with bitterness
and hate. Norway, a strong point of fierce resistance to the Nazis, has been agitated by many strikes called in protest against a Quisling agreement to ship 50,000 Norwegians into the Reich for forced labor. Bitter Holland has produced so many cases of sabotage that the German military has seized prominent Netherlander as hostages. More than 3,000,000 youngsters from the Baltic states have been rounded up for compulsory labor service in Germany and Gestapo agents in Belgium have been kidnaping mere boys for military service.
No more merry-go-rounds
Add to the list of things we aren’t making any more for the duration—to the washing machines and the waffle irons and whatnot—these new items: garden tools, hospital equipment, merry-go-rounds, magic lanterns, umbrella shafts, vanity cases. This assortment appears in a recent WPB conservation order, the metals saved will soon be in the hands of our soldiers ... a Garand rifle, these days, will reap a better harvest than a garden hoe . ; . An even 1,000 plants now have labor-management committees in the War Production Drive . . . Office of Price Administration discloses that we’re eating up our sugar at a rate only slightly below our combined rate of production and rate of importation . . . The slight excess of supply over demand explains the need for rationing . . .
More than 300,000 meat markets are cooperating in the campaign of WPB’s Conservation Division to save fats and greases ... A pound of waste kitchen fat contains enough glycerine to make the explosives which would fire four antiaircraft shells . . . The war transportation program to save tires and equipment, reduce the travel load on over-burdened transit systems, continues to make progress . . . The Office of Defense Transportation has announced that more than 500 State and local war transportation administrators now are wrestling with such problems as group car riding, staggering of work hours, improved traffic regulations . . . The OPA cut the quota of bicycles which may be rationed this month after WPB put further restrictions on manufacture.
The war at our shores
The Coast Guard’s account of how Nazi saboteurs were discovered on the Long Island beach emphasizes that this country is as close to the actual theater of war as it is close to deep water—and we are bounded on either side by oceans.
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July 21, 1942
LABOR . . .
Board takes January 1941 buying power as basis for “Little Steel” wage award
(.Continued from page 1) pies should be applied in evaluating claims for wage increases:
(1) For the period from January 1, 1941, to May 1942, which followed a long period of relative stability, the cost of living increased by about 15 percent. If any group of workers averaged less than a 15 percent Increase in hourly wage-rates during or immediately preceding or following this period, their established peacetime standards have been broken. If any group of workers averaged a 15 percent wage increase or more, their established peacetime standards have been preserved.
(2) Any claim for wage adjustments for the groups whose peacetime standards have been preserved can only be considered in terms of the inequalities or of the substandard conditions specifically referred to in the President’s message of April 27, 1942.
(3) Those groups whose peactime standards have been broken are entitled to have these standards restablished as a stabilization factor.
(4) The Board, as directed by the President In his April 27 message, will continue to “give due consideration to Inequalities and the elimination of substandards of living.”
(5) Approximately twenty wage disputes, still pending before the Board, were certified prior to the stabilization date of April 27. The question arises in these cases whether wage rates being paid on April 27, 1942, can or cannot be considered as “existing rates” within the meaning of the President’s message, or whether they then had the tentative character of disputed rates. Due regard must be given to any factors of equity which would be arbitrarily swept away by “a change of rules in the middle of the game.”
“The guiding principles outlined above insure, in general, that claims for wagerate adjustment can be considered on an equitable basis and in a manner which will further the national purpose to stabilize the cost of living.”
“Convinced that yardsticks are fair” . . .
William H. Davis, Board Chairman, in a separate concurring opinion summarizing the case as a whole, concluded his comments on the wage issue as follows:
“We are convinced that the yardsticks of wage stabilization thus applied are fair and equitable and at the same time sufficient to prevent the cost of living from spiraling upward because of wage adjustments. We think they lead to a ‘terminal’ for the tragic race between wages and prices.
“On this basis labor will have made its move of self-restraint in the sevenpoint program. If all other groups likewise do their part we may expect to get and hold for the duration of the war stability of standards, and the freedom
from apprehension that goes with such stability.
“When the war is over we may expect, with our feet on the ground in a free world, to go forward together, with a renewed determination to improve the standard of living of the wage earners and, indeed, of all groups of our people.”
Mr. Davis pointed out that the Board recognized that all citizens who have a decent standard of living will be called upon to surrender many things they have
DAVIS ON YARDSTICKS
“We are convinced that the yardsticks of wage stabilization thus applied are fair and equitable and at the same time sufficient to prevent the cost of living from spiraling upward because of wage adjustments. We think they lead to a ‘terminal’ for the tragic race between wages and prices.”—William H. Davis, WLB Chairman.
become accustomed to, but that this common sacrifice should come not “in wage determinations by the War Labor Board addressed to workers alone but in taxation by Congress, where all our citizens are represented, and where taxes can be so measured that the imposed reduction of income will fall equitably upon all groups according to their financial ability to contribute to the national purpose and to the preservation of the things for which we fight.”
Dr. Taylor’s conclusions on this issue were as follows:
“This Directive Order calls directly upon the steel workers, and indirectly upon all labor, to accept the sacrifices which are their share under the national program for adjusting our domestic economy to the needs of total war. By accepting its responsibilities, labor will have the opportunity for leadership in the fight against economic instability. For with labor meeting its obligations, it has a right to insist that vigorous steps be taken to effectuate every point to the seven-point program. This is a time
when labor statesmanship can serve the country well.
“Can act now to avoid future dangers”
“The time is now. On the domestic front, the dangers of instability have fortunately 'been perceived before they are overwhelmingly upon us. We can act now to avoid future dangers. The President has set forth, in his seven-point program, a plan of action to prevent domestic economic instability. It can be carried out now if every citizen stands up to his responsibility. Those seven points chart the road to economic stability in wartime. We will fail to achieve that goal, however, unless all civilian interests accept fully the restraints and the sacrifices which constitute their share of the program. A meeting of the clearly defined needs of this hour will avoid any possibility of the charge of failure on the domestic front because of action ‘too little and too late’.”
In his opinion, Dr. Taylor pointed out that the Board arrived at the 5^ cent increase by applying the guiding principles in the following fashion:
1. The steel workers had secured a wage increase of 11.8 percent between January 1, 1941, and May 1, 1942, as compared with a 15 percent increase in the cost of living index during this period. Thus, they had suffered a loss of 3.2 percent in their peacetime standards. Therefore, Dr. Taylor pointed out, they were entitled to an hourly increase of 3.2 cents in order to reestablish their peacetime standards, since the average hourly wage rate in the steel industry is $1.
2. Since the dispute was certified to the Board more than 2% months prior to the President’s message to Congress of April 27, outlining the National Economic Policy, the steel workers were caught by a “change of the rules in the middle of the game.” Dr. Taylor pointed out that, in view of this factor and the greater cost of living change in steel towns as compared with the national average, the Board had decided that the workers in this case had an additional equity which entitled them to a further increase of 2.3 cents an hour. “There is no mathematical exactness in the fraction of a cent which is specified,” he said. “The exact fraction was supplied in order to Insure a total rate practical for pay-roll purposes.”
THE UNION SECURITY ISSUE
In writing the .opinion for the Board on the union security issue, Dr. Frank P. Graham, public member, stated:
“In this case the Board protects the rights of the majority and the minority, rejects the Union’s demand for a union shop and compulsory check-off, and rejects the Companies’ demand for no change in present union status. The
July 21, 1942
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Board decides in favor of the voluntarily accepted maintenance of membership and check-off of those members of the Union who are in good standing on the fifteenth day after this director order, or who may thereafter voluntarily join the union. This provision is not a closed shop, is not a union shop, and is not a preferential shop. No old employee and no new employee is required to join the* union to keep his job. If in the union, a member has the freedom for 15 days to get out and keep his job. If not in the union, the worker has the freedom to stay out and keep his job. This freedom to join or not to join, to stay in or get out, with foreknowledge of being bound by this clause as a condition of employment during the term of the contract, provides for both individual liberty and union security.
Checkoff is voluntary
“This decision provides against coercion and intimidation of the worker into membership in the Union.”
Dr.- Graham pointed put that the checkoff provided by the Board was voluntary since any member of the union had 15 days during which time he can resign rather than be bound by the checkoff and still keep his job. Dr. Graham further pointed out:
At present, the company forbids the collection of dues on company property, and provides no facilities anywhere for this purpose. The problem is further accentuated by the difficulties and complications of many different nationalities and races among the workers, the widely separated and far-flung locations of mills and homes, and the limitations on transportation. Since some of the companies make deductions for several other authorized items due to the agencies and causes in which the companies believe or have an interest, steel workers often have the impression that the Companies are opposed to the Union because they do not check-off dues to the Union.
The check-off eliminates the picket lines for collecting dues and their attendant abuses. . . . The check-off will save the time of the Union leaders for the settlement of grievances and the Improvement of production. This sharing by the company and the union of their common problems and their responsibilities for shop discipline and efficient production through the maintenance of a stable membership and the prompt collection of union dues, makes for a better and more cooperative company, and a more responsible and more cooperative union. The time, thought, and energy given in tense struggles for the organization^ maintenance of membership, and collection of dues, necessary and educationally valuable as they are, should as fairly and wisely as possible now be concentrated on winning the war. The Intense struggle to maintain the labor unions should, by a stabilization of the union, give way to the more intense and larger struggle to maintain the American Union as the hope of freedom and peace in the world . . .
Not only does the record show that this Union is worthy of security and responsibility, but the history of unionism in the Steel Belt in general and the fears remaining from experiences in Little Steel in particular make necessary and wise more definite pro-
New industry advisory committees
The WPB has announced the formation of the following new industry advisory committees:
DIRECT-CONSUMPTION SUGAR INDUSTRY
Government presiding officer—A. E. Bowman, chief, sugar section of the food supply branch.
Members:
John Bass, L. W. & P. Armstrong Co., New York, N. Y.; David Keiser, Cuban-American Sugar Co., New York, N. Y.; M. E. Rionda, Czarnikow-Rionda Co., New York, N. Y.; B. W. Dyer, B. W. Dyer & Co., New York, N. Y.; M. Golodetz, M. Golodetz & Co., New York, N. Y.; Ody Lamborn, Lamborn & Co., New York, N. Y.; G. V. Christman, Little & Christman, New York, N. Y.; Frank Lowry, Lowry & Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.; J. P. Murphy, Minford Co., New York, N. Y.; G. Lobo, Jr., Olavarria & Co., New York, N. Y.; Harvey Pike, H. H. Pile Co., New York, N. Y.; Charles Taussig, Sucrest Corporation, New York, N. Y.; S. W. Sussman, Farr & Co., New York, N. Y.
Technical Subcommittee Glass Container Manufacturers
Government presiding officer—Philip S. Hardy, chief, glass container and closure section, containers branch..
Members:
E. C. Emanuel, Armstrong Cork Co., Lancaster, Pa.; Karl Ford, Thatcher Manufacturing Co., Elmira, N. Y.; E. O. Hiller, Hartford Empire Co., Hartford, Conn.; Dr. A. H. Warth, Crown Cork & Seal Co., Baltimore, Md.; Dr. F. C. Flint, Hazel-Atlas Glass Co., Washington, Pa.; Leonard G. Ghering, Preston Laboratories, Butler, Pa.; Roy B. Stover, Owens-Illinois Glass Co., Toledo, Ohio.
HEAT EXCHANGER INDUSTRY
The following additions were made to the heat exchanger industry committee:
V. O. Marshall, J. P. Devine Mfg. Co., Mt. Vernon, Hl.; E. R. Goodrich, Foster-Wheeler Corporation, 165 Broadway, New York, N. Y.; S. F. Maury, Griscom-Russell Co., New York, N. Y.; Norman Sterling, M. W. Kellogg Co., New York, N. Y.
Government presiding officer—William K. Frank, chief, resources production board.
LEAD PIGMENT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Government presiding officer—Erwin Vogelsang, chief of the tin and lead branch.
visions for the freedom and security of the Union ...
There is found in this long and bitter struggle ground for the fear of the steel workers concerning the security of their union. The iron and steel workers recall that, when their forerunners had one of the strongest unions in America in 1892, they lost in a pivotal struggle for existence at Homestead. The union was crushed in a bloody private war with long disastrous results for unionism in all the steel dominions. When the steel workers later tried to match, the giant financial combinations of the corporate power of the United States Steel Corporation with a united combination of the craft unions in steel, the crucial test came in the head-on collision in the Great Steel Strike of 1919. The strike was crushed. The Corporation became master of the hours, wages, and work-
Members:
John Allegaert, United Color & Pigment Co., Newark, N. J.; J. M. Bowlby, The Eagle-Picher Lead Co., Cincinnati, Ohio; Arthur F. Brown, Imperial Paper & Color Corporation, Glens Falls, N. Y.; F. O. Case, Anaconda Copper Mining Co., Chicago, Hl.; S. B. Coolidge, Jr., The Sherwin-Williams Co., Cleveland, Ohio; John R. MacGregor, John R. MacGregor Lead Co., Chicago, Hl.; C. H. Rupprecht, Krebs Pigments Dept., E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del.; Fletcher W. Rockwell, National Lead Co., New York, N. Y.; P. E. Sprague, The Glidden Co., Cleveland, Ohio; William Wilke, Jr., Hammond Lead Products Inc., Hammond, Ind.
METALLIC LEAD PRODUCTS MANUFACTURERS INDUSTRY
Government presiding officer—Erwin Vogelsang, chief of the tin and lead branch.
Members: '
J. M. Bowlby, The Eagle-Picher Lead Co., Cincinnati, Ohio; W. M. Brooks, E. J. Brooks Co., Newark, N. J.; David N. Burruss, Jr., Metals Refining Division, The Glidden Co., Hammond, Ind.; Roger H. Cutting, Northwest Lead Co., Seattle, Wash.; B. F. Ewell, Rochester Lead Works, Inc., Rochester, N. Y., R. A. Gardiner, Gardiner Metal Co., Chicago, Ill.; Wilson S. Yerger, Imperial Type Metal Co., Philadelphia, Pa.; Norman Hickman, The American Metal Co., Ltd., New York, N. Y.; S. N. Hightower, Evans Metal Co., Atlanta, Ga.; Alfred P. Knapp, American Smelting & Refining Co., New York, N. Y.; L. Muscat, United American Metals Corporation, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Oscar E. Planteroth, Marks Liss-berger & Son, Inc., Long Island City, N. Y.; Fletcher W. Rockwell, National Lead Co., New York, N. Y., Damon Wack, National Bearing Metals Corporation, St. Louis, Mo.
PRIMARY LEAD PRODUCERS INDUSTRY
Government presiding officer—Erwin Vogelsang, chief of the* tin and lead branch.
Members:
F. H. Brownell, American Smelting & Refining Co., New York, N. Y.; F. F. Colcord, U. S. Smelting, Refining & Mining Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.; C. H. Crane, St. Joseph Lead Co., New York, N. Y.; R. E. Dwyer, Anaconda Copper Mining Co., New York, N. Y.; S. A. Easton, Bunker Hill & Sullivan Mining & Concentrating Co., Kellogg, Idaho; Norman Hickman, The American Metal Co., Ltd., New York, N. Y.; A. G. Mackenzie, Utah Metal Mine Operators Assn., Salt Lake City, Utah; F. E. Wormser, Lead Industries Assn., New York, N. Y.
Ing conditions of the workers as individuals.
The unions, decisively beaten, retreated on all the steel fronts. Collective bargaining by steel workers had to wait many years for another day. Meantime scars of past industrial wars remained deep. Workers’ memories in the steel towns included terrorism and counterterrorism, mass picketing and mass smear hysteria, jailing of union leaders, injunctions, suppression of meetings of workers and their civil liberties, discriminations against union members, espionage, blacklists, discharges, evictions, muster of company guards, Pinkerton levies, imported strike breakers, and the State militia. The steel workers remember that, even in their new day, section 7A was answered with the organization of company unions and the National Labor Relations Act was stubbornly resisted In the courts.
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July 21, 1942
MANPOWER ...
War plants rapidly absorbing available labor supply, McNutt declares
War plants are rapidly drying up the available supply of labor, Chairman Paul V. McNutt of the War Manpower Commission said July 13.
Approximately 12,500,000 persons were working on July 1 in direct war employment, including war plants and transportation, power production and governmental employment directly connected with the war, he announced.
“War employment has practically doubled in the 7 months since Pearl Harbor,” the Manpower Commission chief said.
General labor shortages apparent
“Under present schedules, 5 million more will be added to the war industry force during the last 6 months of 1942,” he said.
“General labor shortages are apparent in many war industry centers and will spread rapidly in the next few months,” Mr. McNutt said. Increased employment of women and other persons not now in the labor force will be necessary to meet the demands for war workers -during the next year and a half.
The new war employment estimate of 12,500,000 compares with previously announced estimates of 9,000,000 on April 1 and 6,900,000 on January 1. The average war employment for the last 3 months of 1941, most of it “pre-Pearl Harbor,” was 5,300,000. The fourth quarter figure in 1940 was 1,400,000.
67 percent rise over first quarter
The estimates were made for the War Manpower Commission by technicians of the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the Labor Department and the Bureau of Employment Security in the Social Security Board. “War employment” includes all manufacturing on war contracts, Lend-Lease and foreign purchases, and a percentage of transportation and public utilities, including some governmental employment, which is directly chargeable to the war. The estimates cover employment at all stages of production, including mining, raw material processing and transportation, -as well as final assembly.
Mr. McNutt pointed out that the total increase in war employment in the sec-
ond quarter totaled 3,500,000, an increase of 67 percent over the 2,100,000 total of the first quarter.
“This shows that / industry and Government have struck their stride in producing for war,” he said. “It also shows that a very large percentage of the industrial workers in peacetime production are shifting over to war production.”
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Employment and upgrading of Negro workers backed by union
The United Electrical Radio and Machine Workers of America, CIO, is conducting a concerted drive for the employment and upgrading of Negro workers in organized plants in Pennsylvania, New York, and Connecticut, Chairman Paul V. McNutt of the War Manpower Commission was informed July 11.
Specific steps designed to speed the integration of Negroes into war production were reported to Chairman McNutt by Dr. Robert C. Weaver, Director of the Negro Manpower Service, WMC.
Scope of program
According to Dr. Weaver, District Council No. 1 of the UERMWA has unanimously adopted a program submitted by its Negro Affairs Committee. This program, which covers 40 plants under contract to the union, stipulates:
1. That we seek to secure, through the Fair Employment Practices Committee, set up by the President, written letters from the employers to the effect that they will employ minority groups, including Negroes. The local unions involved shall receive copies of the above-mentioned letters.
2. In plants where no Negroes are now employed, their employment shall be encouraged in such a manner that upgrading is possible.
3. In plants where Negroes are now employed, the upgrading process shall be encouraged.
4. Departmental meetings shall be held to educate in the direction of Infiltration of Negroes into classifications where they have never been employed before.
5. Unions and management shall hold meetings to determine the departments where Negroes can best be employed with the least amount of disruption, the policy to be established by this committee.
6. Periodic meetings shall be held to discuss the progress of the employment of Negroes and their effect on production in general.
Two firms granted review on discrimination charges
Requests by the Carl L. Norden Co. «• of New York City and the Titeflex Metal Hose Co. of Newark, N. J., for a review of findings made against them by the President’s Committee on Pair Employment Practice have been granted by the Committee, Lawrence W. Cramer, executive secretary, announced July 13.
The companies, both of which manufacture war products, had been cited for discrimination against Negroes and Jews in violation of Executive Order 8802, by the President’s Committee after its New York hearings last February.
The Norden Co. and the Titeflex Co. were to be given opportunity to argue on the record of testimony before the committee in its Washington office on July 21.
Other cases
At the same meeting, -the case of the' Schatz Manufacturing Co. of Poughkeepsie. N. Y., will be heard. This company has been called to answer charges of discrimination against Negroes in employment.
At its July 6 meeting the President’s Committee refused the request of the Reynolds Metal Co. of Richmond, Va., that it be permitted to retain the disclosure of religion and color on its job application forms.
The committee modified its direction in the case of the Fairchild Aviation Corporation of Jamaica, N. Y. The company was excused from making a monthly report on the number and classification of new workers by race and religion. The company had been cited for discrimination against both Negroes and Jews.
★ ★ ★
Norwegians strike against forced labor for Nazis
Increasing violence in the struggle of the Norwegian people against the German occupation authorities and the puppet Quisling government has been described in foreign broadcasts reported by the Office of War Information. Armed warfare between guerillas and German troops, and strikes of workers against the forced recruiting of labor for Germany indicate a new stage in the epic resistance of the Norwegians.
July 21. 1942
★ VICTORY ★
7
Selective service bases new draft policy on WMC’s list of 34 essential activities
Emphasizing that the fundamental purposes of the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, as amended, are procurement of sufficient men for the armed forces and maintenance of production essential to win the war, Maj. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey, Director of Selective Service, declared July 14 that, insofar as is practical in carrying out these requirements, the bona fide family relationship of registrants would be protected as long as possible.
At the same time, National Selective Service Headquarters announced distribution to its agencies of a list of 34 broad activities essential to the war effort, compiled by the War Manpower Commission. The list was prepared to guide local boards when considering individual registrants for occupational classifications.
With regard to protection of family relationships and dependents, National Headquarters issued amendments to its regulations breaking down Class m-A and Class III-B so that in selecting men for induction the local boards may give consideration to both their dependency status and activity in war work.
★ ★ ★
New wage scales in Pittsburgh area don’t affect five U. S. projects there, Board rules
Recent wage increases for AFL building tradesmen in the Pittsburgh area, arrived at through collective bargaining, do not apply to five Government war construction projects started there less than a year ago, the Board of Review of WPB’s Labor Production Division ruled July 15.
The Defense Plant Corporation is operating two of the projects, construction of steel plants for the Carnegie-Illinois Corporation at Homestead and at Braddock, Pa.; while the other three projects are under Navy Department jurisdiction, including building of plant facilities in Pittsburgh for the Kerotest Co., enlargement of shipyards at Ambridge for the American Bridge Co., and expansion of shipyards at Neville Island for the Dravo Corporation.
McNutt to designate critical labor areas and apply rules to prevent pirating
The Government July 16 called on labor and management in war industry areas to work out cooperative methods of matching available and potential workers with critical jobs. It also announced the machinery to be used in this first phase of the manpower mobilization plan.
Issues policy statement
Chairman Paul V. McNutt of the War Manpower Commission made public a statement of policy, adopted by the Commission and by its Management-Labor Policy Committee, setting up a program of agreement and cooperation among industry managements, labor unions, and Government agencies in war industry labor shortage areas. Over-all standards and safeguards necessary in such programs will be specified in a supplemental statement to be issued after further consultation with the Management-Labor Policy Committee.
The program’s principal aim is to prevent pirating of skilled war Workers away from war industries and plants, which causes wasteful and needless labor turnover and impedes war production, Mr. McNutt said.
In war industry areas where labor, management, and Government do not agree on means to stop pirating, the Manpower Commission Chairman will take steps designed to stop “raiding” of workers in certain skilled occupations. He will designate areas of shortage as “critical labor areas” and specify within them "critical occupations” and "essential war production activities.” Such jobs will be filled only through methods “ approved by the Government.
The chairman emphasized that the specific "critical labor areas” to be selected would be in industrial districts in which there exist great shortages of workers.
Alternative is chaos, McNutt says
The cooperative plans will prevent solicitation and* hiring of certain skilled workers away from war plants. Such plans, however, all will contain prohibitions against the blacklisting of individuals, the violation of union agreements or the retention of a worker at substandard wages or working conditions, Mr. McNutt emphasized. Changes of employment also may be made under certain conditions^
"Labor pirating must be stopped,” Mr.
McNutt said. “If it is not, war industries soon will be in a chaotic condition.”
The policy statement provides for the following action:
1. The War Manpower Commission’s regional or other representative shall confer wtih management and labor representatives on critical problems of the area, and with regional or local representatives of affected Federal agencies, “with a view to securing the concurrence of all affected parties in a cooperative plan for the effective recruitment and utilization of workers in such area, and for the effective elimination of practices which result in the withdrawal of workers from employers engaged in essential activities in such area.”
2. Upon receipt of a report from the Commission representative of such a cooperative plan, or a report that such a plan has been sought but has not been concurred in by all affected parties “with reasonable promptness,” the commission chairman will designate the area as a "critical labor area.” He will also designate the “critical occupations” and “essential war production activities” in that area.
Rules on soliciting for hire
3. After the commission chairman’s notice has been published, “it is essential that no employer solicit (for the purpose of hiring) or hire, within or without such critical labor area, for work to be performed wholly or principally within such area or solicit (for the purpose of hiring) or hire, within such critical labor area, for work to be performed wholly or principally without such area,” any of the workers covered by the chairman’s notice, except through the U. S. Employment Service, or under conditions approved by the War Manpower Commission, or under a cooperative hiring plan.
4. Any person or group of workers or employer who is dissatisfied with any action taken, or not taken, under this policy, will be provided an opportunity to appeal to a War Manpower Commission Management-Labor Committee to be established in each designated "critical labor area.” This committee will be made up of representatives of unions and industry managements in the area. It will make recommendations in such cases to the area representative of the War Manpower Commission. If a disagreement is not settled by this procedure in the area, appeals may be taken to regional management-labor committees, and thereafter to the National Management-Labor Policy Committee In Washington.
5. “All lawful and appropriate steps will be taken to utilize the services, facilities and authorities of other departments and agencies of the Federal Government to the fullest extent to achieve or promote compliance with the provisions of this policy,” the statement concludes.
★ ★ ★
Nazis reported recruiting occupied countries’ children
The critical German manpower shortage has forced Hitler to recruit school -age children of occupied Europe for labor and military service, foreign broadcasts, reported by the Office of War Information, have disclosed.
8
★ VICTORY ★
July 21, 1942
WAR PRODUCTION ...
WPB won’t shift rubber program basis Nelson tells Senate subcommittee
NELSON’S ESTIMATES OF RUBBER PRODUCTION AS SUBMITTED TO SENATE
The War Production Board has ruled out any shifts now in apportionment of Buna rubber manufacture among alcohol, benzene and petroleum processes, WPB Chairman Nelson told the Senate July 14. Testifying before a subcommittee of the Committee on Agriculture, he said that if the synthetic rubber program is expanded, new processes may share.
Speed is first need
Mr. Nelson admitted it was possible that “calm reflection” later might reveal some mistakes made in the synthetic rubber program because of the “sheer force of need for speedy and decisive action.”
Excerpts from Mr. Nelson’s testimony:
At the time of my appearance last week you ... agreed to hear my views regarding S. 2600, a bill already reported out by your full committee to the Senate. That Bill would create another agency to act independently of existing agencies, to be endowed with power to divert critical materials from other vital war needs to the construction of facilities to provide additional supplies of synthetic rubber, produced from alcohol as the basic material, sufficient to meet the civilian needs of the United States.
Since my appointment as chairman of the War Production Board on January 16 of this year, I have carried responsibility for the entire war production and procurement program. The provision of synthetic rubber to replace our lost supplies of crude is one of the most important parts of that program . . . The sheer force of need for speedy and decisive action may later evidence some mistakes when weighed in calm reflection. Perhaps if we had to do the job again, we would make changes. But the program had to be speeded, the decisions had to be made immediately, and it is imperative still that the program move on at utmost speed.
Balanced war program necessary
Last week I expressed to you my conviction, in reference to S. 2600, that the power to synchronize the flow of raw materials in order properly to balance our all-out war production program should not be taken out of the hands of the President or the central agency to
whom the President has delegated the administration of that power.
The tremendous size and complexity of our all-out war production effort requires proper balance and careful adjustment of our military, foreign and domestic needs. This calendar year our factories will turn out war goods to a value of approximately 45 billion dollars. Next year ₍ that figure will increase to 70 or 75 bil- | lions. Such total national effort requires central control and expediting of the flow of materials through the industrial process by someone who can see the pic- . ture as a whole. Since my appearance before you last week, the War Production Board has been realigned to make control of the flow of materials the central effort.
WPB rules out changes
Since my last appearance before your subcommittee the newly created Combined Production and Resources Board has initiated a joint inquiry with the British representative into the requirements of the major rubber-consuming items of war equipment. Also since my appearance before your subcommittee last week, the War Production Board at my request again reviewed the status and progress of the synthetic rubber program. Detailed reports of construction progress and estimated production were received. The present balance of processes and raw materials, with respect to petroleum and alcohol sources, was weighed. The question for consideration was whether the program for the production of Buna S, which comprises 700,000 tons of the dotal program of 800,000 tons, should proceed upon the presently authorized proportions of alcohol, petroleum and benzene. It was agreed that the Buna S program should proceed upon its present basis, including 200,000 tons from alcohol, 20,000 tons from benzene, and the balance from petroleum.
That decision of the board to proceed under present plans with all possible speed, does not exclude encouragement of an assistance to continued technological developments still ahead in the entire field of synthetic rubber. I am particularly interested in and I have given all the encouragement I can to the
(Long tons)
1942
Aptual Objective Total
1st half 2d half
Buna S.._..... - 1,000 7,000 8,000
Butyl____________________ 300 300
Neoprene................ 3,600 8,400 12,000
Buna N and thlokol______ 4,800 7,200 12,000
Total_______________ 9,400 22,900 32,300
Buna S_______________.... 1943
Butyl. __________________ 1st half 2d half Total
Neoprene_________________ 64,600 226,400 281,000
Buna N and thlokol______ 1,700 19,300 21,000
Total_______________ 9,500 11,500 21,000
7,500 7,500 15,000
73,300 264,700 338,000
development of the butylene-glycol process now under test by the Northern Research Laboratories at Peoria, Illinois. I have followed very closely and have been in touch with the parties interested in the development of the so-called Polish process which is being sponsored by Publicker Corporation. The Publicker Corporation was granted an A-l-b priority rating on March 31, which was moved up to an A-l-a rating on June 27 for materials necessary to build a 2,000 pound per day pilot plant for the continued testing and development of that process.
New processes may share if program expands
If it should later be determined that the present program must be expanded to meet requirements, then ensuing technological developments will be most carefully weighed and will share a part in the program if shown to be merited.
★ ★ ★
Adjusted order permits vital imports by inland waterway
Order M-63 which controls the imports of strategic materials, provides that goods on List HI of the order may move without restriction if shipped overland or by air from Canada or Mexico.
The order was amended July 15 to include shipment by inland waterway in that classification.
July 21, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
9
Production of structural shapes sped to keep pace with expanded plate output
Increase in the production of structural shapes and steel sheet piling to keep pace with expanded plate output was announced July 14 by Reese H. Taylor» chief, iron and steel branch, WPB.
481,182 tons of shapes in June
Specific directives issued by the branch resulted in shipments of 481,182 tons of shapes in June. The previous high mark since the beginning of the war was 451,000 tons in November. Production for the past several months has ranged from 425,000 to 435,000 tons.
Structural shapes are used, together with plates, in the construction of ships and war plants primarily, with some tonnage going to other war uses.
Steel sheet piling, which represented 16,935 tons of the total, is a special shape used for building docks, dams, retaining walls and similar projects.
★ ★ *
Quotas set for steel products to channel output for war
In a far-reaching move designed to channel steel output more directly into vital products, Reese H. Taylor, chief, iron and steel branch, WPB, July 16 announced a quota system for each of the various steel products and for each producer who makes them.
To balance steel output among all war needs
Purpose of the program, Mr. Taylor explained, is to balance steel production among the various products needed for war. Thus recent emphasis on semifinished steel for shipment abroad, plates, shapes, allays, rails and rail accessories, and tin plate have resulted in diversion of steel from bars, sheet, pipe, wire and similar products.
By establishing quotas for each product and for each producer, the maximum necessary output of each product will be possible.
It has been the policy in recent months, Mr. Taylor said, to obtain the greatest possible tonnage of steel plates without regard to the effect of this diversion of steel on other products.
The new policy does not mean a de-
V-72
This is KID SALVAGE, a character drawn by Steiff especially for OWI. Mats for publication are available in 2-column size upon request to Distribution Section^ Office of War Information, Washington, D. C. When ordering mats, refer to code number.
cline in plate production necessarily. That will depend upon the relative need for other products and upon the over-all supply of steel ingots. Companies which produce only plates will be expected to continue to produce the highest* tonnage possible. Those with a diversified line
will be expected to fill their quotas of other products before they turn out any over-quota plates.
With the total supply of steel ingots necessarily limited, the quota plan is expected to effect the best possible use of available raw material.
10
★ VICTORY ★
July 21, 1942
Scrap and junk must be kept flowing " to Nation’s war plants, says Rosenwald
War production during the critical months ahead will be seriously hampered unless scrap and junk can be kept freely flowing, in increasing quantities, to war plants producing material for our fighting forces.
Vital to raw material supply
This statement was made July 13 by Lessing J. Rosenwald, chief of the conservation division, as he formally inaugurated the new national salvage campaign. He said (quoted in part):
The facts and figures of the war production situation show clearly that the supply of raw materials is now the most important limiting factor on production of planes, tanks, guns and ships. Scrap is a very vital part of the raw material supply. Therefore any diminution in the flow of scrap is an immediate threat to war production. . . .
And as the war production program steps
Top prices cut on 13 kinds of copper alloy scrap
Reductions in maximum prices for 13 classifications of copper-alloy scrap were announced July 17 by Price Administrator Henderson in Amendment No. 1 to Revised Price Schedule No. 20, as amended.
They are:
Bell Metal—to 15.50 cents per pound from 15.75 cents.
High-grade Bronze Gears—to 13.25 cents per pound from 13.50 cents.
Babbitt-lined Brass Bushings—to 13 cents per pound from 13.25 cents.
Red Trolley Wheels—to 10.75 cents per pound from 11 cents.
Aluminum Bronze (Ford) Gears—to 0 cents per pound from 9.25 cents.
Soft Red Brass (No. 1 Composition)—to 9 cents per pound from 9.25 cents.
Soft Red Brass Borings (No. 1 Composition Borings)—to 8.75 cents per pound from 9 cents.
Red Brass Breakage (Irony Composition) to 7.50 cents per pound from 7.75 cents.
Yellow Brass Castings—to 6.25 cents per pound from 6.75 cents.
Automobile Radiators—to 7 cents per pound from 7.50 cents.
Formula C (High-grade Bronze and Highgrade Bronze Borings) reduced by approximately 0.75 cent per pound.
Formula D (High Lead Bronze and High Lead Bronze Borings)—reduced approximately 0.75 cent per pound.
Formula E (Refinery Brass)—reduced 154 cents per copper unit.
The reductions were made, the Price Administrator said, because of the need for bringing scrap prices more in line with those for „eletrolytic copper, and with the proposed new price schedule for brass ingot.
The amendment which also embodies several other changes in the schedule
up, with each month seeing greater output, the need for scrap increases in direct ratio to production of war goods.
The part scrap plays in production is not generally realized by the public. Figures now completed for 1941 reveal the importance of scrap. In the case of steel for example, the production of 82,500,000 net tons of steel ingots required the use of 44,600,000 net tons of scrap. An additional 17,000,000 tons of iron and steel scrap was consumed by iron foundries and blast furnaces in making pig iron and other iron products. Thus a total of approximately 61,000,000 net tons, or about one-half of the raw material required to make iron and steel products in that year, was iron and steel scrap. 27,000,000 tons out of this total was “purchased” scrap produced outside the steel industry itself, and collected from genera/ public sources.
The' following table shows - roughly the importance of scrap to the total production of other critical metals and rubber in 1941. The aluminum figure includes scrap recovered within the producing plant; others apply only to outside, or “purchased” scrap. All figures are in short tons.
became effective July 21, 1942, except as to the price reductions, which do not take effect until August 17, 1942. The Price Administrator warned that no contracts may be carried out or inventories liquidated after that date at prices higher than those provided in Amendment No. 1.
One of the more important of the other changes relaxes the provision limiting the material which may be counted toward a quantity premium.
Still other changes concern the purchase of certain lots without necessity of chemical analysis; light copper; and a simpler system of transportation charges.
Issued at the same time and effective on the same date was Amendment No. 2 to Revised Price Schedule No. 12 on brass mill scrap. This amendment also simplifies transport charges on the material covered.
★ ★ ★
AUTO JUNK YARDS BREAK
SCRAP METAL RECORD
Automobile graveyards throughout the country are breaking records in the amount of scrap metal which they are turning over for war production, the WPB Conservation Division announced July 16. The statement is based on the complete June reports received by the automobile graveyard section of the division, showing that the yards produced 453,768 tons of scrap metal in that month. This is more than 300,000 tons above the monthly average for 1941.
Types of salvage handlers exempt from GMPR expanded
An amendment affecting the type of salvage handlers whose sales and deliv-" eries are exempt from the general maximum price regulation was issued July 15 by Price Administrator Henderson.
Until now, only those engaged “solely” in reconditioning and selling damaged commodités received from insurance companies, transportation companies, or agents of the United States Government, have been exempt.
The new amendment, Amendment No. 15 to Supplementary Regulation No. 1, broadens the exemption, by removing the word “solely,” and making other changes in wording.
Amendment No. 15 replaces Amendment No. 1 to Supplementary Regulation No. 1, issued May 9.
Under Amendment No. 1, it was found that some persons and companies who were in the salvage business, but also - engaged in appraising, surveying, auctioneering, etc., could not comply with the exemption. The new wording will exempt some of these. The exemption will not be broad enough, however, to exclude from the regulation sales and deliveries by persons who also buy and resell new and second-hand commodities for their own account and interest.
The exemption applies only to the general maximum price regulation. It does not exempt sales and deliveries of commodities which are subject to other specific price schedules or regulations.
Amendment No. 15 became effective July 16.
★ ★ ★
Auto graveyard unit to direct flow of salvage through dealers
The conservation division of the WPB will establish supervision over the flow of salvage materials through the scrap and waste material dealers industry, Lessing J. Rosenwald, Director of the Division, announced July 13.
The announcement was made following an agreement reached between Mr. Rosenwald and Reese Taylor, director of the iron and steel division, WPB. Allocation of iron and steel from scrap yards to consuming mills will continue to be handled by the iron and steel division.
“Scrap must be processed and immediately shipped to the consuming mills to avoid the possibility of open hearth shutdowns during the winter months,” said Mr. Rosenwald.
July 21, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
11
Hundreds of once-important home items already out of production, survey shows
A new survey of WPB orders issued the first 6 months of 1942 shows that hundreds of household items once considered almost in the essential class have already been taken off the Nation’s production lines and that, when present inventories are gone, citizens will have to turn to substitutes or “make do” with what they have.
High in the list of these articles are numerous electrical appliances, ranging from such relatively essential items as refrigerators and ranges to luxury items like waffle irons and hair dryers.
These products were manufactured in some 28,000 plants located in all parts of the country in which were employed some 1,500,000 workers. The factory sales value of the civilian products manufactured in these plants last year was approximately $3,800,000,000.
Several million tons of steel, copper, brass, aluminum, rubber, plastics and other materials were consumed annually in the production of these civilian products.
Now the bulk of that material will be saved for use in the war program. In fact, the same factories that formerly used these metals in the manufacture of refrigerators, radios, washing machines, and the like, are now using the same materials, the same- tools, and the same workers to make guns, airplane parts, tank parts and many other weapons of war. Many of the plants are already
Procedure explained for selling frozen burlap stocks
The textile branch of the WPB explained July 11 how a person owning frozen stocks of burlap may sell or use such burlap under Conservation Order M-47.
1. He may sell it to the Army, Navy, or agencies listed in Paragraph (c) (3) of the order without WPB authorization. Such an order need not carry a preference rating.
2. He may use it to fill orders rated A-l-c or higher for burlap, provided he is authorized to do so by WPB. In applying for such authorization, the burlap owner should state to WPB what the burlap is to be used for, the person or agency that placed the order, and the burlap preference rating which accompanied the order.
Both the above points refer to frozen burlap—that is, the unbroken bales of burlap over 10 bales that the order freezes in the hands of the owner.
turning out a greater volume of war weapons than their peak production of civilian goods.
Civilian production of the following goods has already been stopped: electrical appliances, domestic oil burners, mechanical refrigerators, domestic washing machines and ironers, electric ranges, most of the nonelectric cooking ranges and heaters, electric fans, metal household furniture, radios, sewing machines, vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers, and such luxury items as musical instruments, golf clubs, fishing tackle, and outboard motors.
Production of an equally long list of everyday household articles has been sharply cut, with all but the most essential of them due to go out of production entirely as soon as fabricated parts have been used up.
(A list of stopped or curtailed lines and the war goods that have replaced them appears in WPB Release 1528.)
★ ★ ★
Specific maximum price set for limed calf checkings
A specific maximum price for limed calf checkings, which are used in the manufacture of both hide glue and gelatin, has been established at $2.25 per hundredweight, OPA announced July 11.
WPB tightens control over silk waste
The WPB July 11 tightened control over silk waste, silk noils and garnetted or reclaimed silk fiber.
Since last August 8, 1941, these materials have been under Government control with deliveries restricted to “defense orders” on A-10 or other low ratings. It was possible on that basis for silk waste to be used for less essential purposes than the needs of the Army and Navy.
Under the July 11 amendment (M-26, as amended) silk waste, silk noils and garnetted or reclaimed silk fiber may be processed, sold or delivered only for use by the Army, Navy, U. S. Maritime Commission, or the War Shipping Administration.
300,000 meat markets to buy waste kitchen fats from
U. S. housewives
More than 300,000 meat markets from coast to coast are moving closer to our country’s front line of defense with the opening of the Conservation Division’s National Fats Salvage Program.
Imports cut off
The retail meat markets—both independent and chains^—and frozen food locker plants, have undertaken to assist in moving waste fats from the housewife’s kitchen to the guns of the United Nations. One pound of waste kitchen fats contains enough glycerine to fire 4 antiaircraft shells.
More than a billion pounds of oils and fats used in this country were imported annually from the Far Eastr With this supply cut off by the Japanese, America is faced with a serious shortage of a material so necessary in modern warfare.
Over 2,000,000,000 pounds a year wasted
Division officials estimate that over 2,000,000,000 pounds of household fats are thrown away every year. The Government hopes to have each housewife salvage from her kitchen between one and two pounds of fats a month. This will more than make up the loss inflicted upon us by the Japanese.
Housewives are being told how to collect and prepare the drippings from the grill and the roaster, and the grease in the frying pan, and where to dispose of them. To carry the appeal to the housewives and make sure that they are properly instructed, an advertising program financed by, the glycerine and associated industries, and sponsored by the Conservation Division, is blanketing the country.
Turned into war items
This is where the meat markets come in. They will buy millions of pounds of waste kitchen fats from America’s housewives and store the fats in their refrigerators until they can be collected by the renderers. From the renderers the fats go to the manufacturers to become part of numerous items essential to military and civilian use. The most important of these is glycerine.
In addition to acting as collection depots, meat markets are encouraging housewives to bring in their waste fats. They weigh each contribution brought in and pay for it out of their own funds at an established price of not more than 4 cents a pound.
12
★ VICTORY ★
July 21, 1942
Special industrial machinery group dissolved; work goes to other branches
The special industrial machinery branch of WPB was dissolved July 15 by an administrative order announced by Amory Houghton, Director General for Operations. The work of the branch will be assigned to other WPB branches.
Six sections continued
Operations of the special industrial machinery branch have been tied in closely with other WPB branches, and it is believed that more efficient administration can be achieved if this work is delegated to the branches most concerned with it.
Six sections were continued within the branch. These were:
Food processing machinery; pulp and paper, printing and publishing machinery; petroleum machinery; chemical and allied machinery; textile and shoe machinery; and general industrial machinery, such as woodworking, lumber, sawmill machinery, plastics and tire molding machinery, cement, stone and ceramics machinery.
Transfers will be made
Under the realignment, the foodprocessing-machinery section, which has jurisdiction over machinery such as bakery, dairy, ice-cream manufacturing, grain mill, oil mill, canning, etc., as well as packaging machinery of all kinds, will be transferred complete to the general industrial equipment branch.
Pulp and paper machinery will be transferred to the pulp and paper branch and printing and publishing machinery to the printing and publishing branch. Petroleum machinery will be removed from WPB operations and assigned to the Office of the Petroleum Coordinator.
Both textile and shoe machinery will be transferred to the textile, clothing and leather branch. The chemicals branch will have supervision over plastics machinery and the rubber branch will have charge of tire molding machinery. All other general industrial machinery formerly handled by the special industrial machinery branch will be assigned, for the present, to the general industrial equipment branch, although it is contemplated that woodworking, lumber and sawmill machinery eventually will be taken over by the lumber branch.
Other branches to handle orders
Orders originating in the special industrial machinery branch will be administered in the future by other WPB Branches.
L-83, imposing general restrictions on distribution of industrial machinery, will be ad-
ministered by the appeals branch under the direction of A. E. Collins.
L-159, relating to plastics machinery, will be administered by the chemicals branch under the direction of James A. Lawson.
L-143, dealing with tire machinery and equipment, will be administed by the rubber branch under Harry S. Rogers.
P-53, relating to priority assistance for manufacturers of textile machinery, will be administered by the textile branch under R. S. Dempsey. '
★ ★ ★
Priority powers delegated to Director General for Operations
Priority powers of the Chairman of the War Production Board have been officially delegated to the newly created office of the Director General for Operations by an amendment to War Production Board Regulation No. 1. These powers were formerly delegated to the Director of Industry Operations.
Under the first administrative order implementing plans announced by Chairman Nelson for realignment of the War Production Board, the functions of the Division of Industry Operations were placed under the Director General for Operations. The amendment of War Production Board Regulation No. 1 therefore makes a corresponding change #ith respect to the powers formerly exercised by the Director of Industry Operations. These powers include both authority to issue priority orders and regulations, and power to delegate rationing authority with respect to specified areas or commodities to the OPA.
★ ★ ★
Coal-tar xylol brought under preference order
Xylol and xylol range aromatic materials derived from coal tar were brought under control of General Preference Order M-150 by Amendment No. 1, issued July 11. The order, restricting sale and delivery of xylol and xylol aromatic materials to orders bearing preference ratings of A-2 or higher, originally defined these products as “. . . of petroleum origin.” A substantial amount of xylol and xylol aromatic materials are being produced as a byproduct of toluol manufacture, and are, therefore, coal tar derivatives. As such, they were not covered by M-150.
Prime contractors may use ratings to replace stocks
Prime contractors to whom preference ratings have been assigned on PD-3A certificates by the Armed Services or other war agencies are entitled to use the rating within specified limits for operating supplies and to replace materials in inventory, it was explained June 14 in an official interpretation of Priorities Regulation No. 3.
A recent amendment to the regulation provided that any preference rating may be extended to cover operating supplies used in processing materials to fill the rated order up to a value of 10 percent of the order, provided that not more than 25 percent of such operating supplies are metals in the forms described in the metals list of Priorities Regulation No. 11. The * new interpretation makes it clear that “extension” of a rating includes use of the rating by the contractor to which it is assigned as well as by his suppliers, and therefore he may take advantage of, the provisions with respect to operating supplies.
May restore inventory
The interpretation also points out that the prime contractor may extend a preference rating to replace materials taken from his inventory to fill rated orders to the extent necessary to restore the inventory to a practicable working minimum.
The above provisions of Regulation No. 3 do not, however, apply to companies which are required to obtain priority assistance under the Production Requirements Plan in accordance with the terms of Priorities Regulation No. 11.
Another section of the Interpretation explains that the new and simplified method of applying preference ratings contained in Priorities Regulation No. 3 . as amended June 10 is permissive and not mandatory.
Several lesser points are covered also.
★ ★ ★
Smelters; refiners to continue under P-5-73 in third quarter
Smelters and refiners of 13 nonferrous metals operating under Order P-73 need not file PRP applications for the third quarter of 1942 and will continue to operate under P-73 for that period, the Director General for Industry Operations announced July 14. '
July 21, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
13
Stop order issued on production of garden tools, hospital items, many other civilian products
The manufacture of an additional long list of civilian articles was prohibited by the WPB July 13 by an amendment of the iron and steel conservation order, M-126.
Military list not affected
Garden tools, hospital equipment, merry-go-roUnds, ‘magic lanterns, umbrella shafts, and vanity cases are typical of the many items specified in Supplementary List A added to the order. Manufacture of many of these articles already has been stopped by Order M-21, which limits deliveries of iron and steel to preference ratings of A-10 or higher.
A manufacturer of items on Supplementary List A was given 30 days from July 13 to process iron or steel for these purposes, with a limit of 75 percent of the average monthly weight of all metals processed by him in 1941. Assembly of these articles is permitted for an additional 30 days.
A new list, C, is added for Army, Navy, and Maritime Commission orders. Articles on List C for these governmental agencies may be manufactured without restriction. List A restrictions will not apply to Army-Navy-Maritime contracts until August 4 and Supplementary List A restrictions until 60 days from July 13.
Provision for appeals
No other metal or rubber may be used to manufacture any article, production of which is stopped by M-126.
Appeals, as heretofore, must be filed with the WPB field office for the district in which the plant is located to which the appeal relates. A new form, PD-500, is provided for these appeals. Until PD-500 is available in field offices the current form, PD-437, may be used.
★ ★ ★
Lead scrap sellers may charge extra for copper in terminals
Sellers of lead scrap materials have been granted permission to charge buyers for the copper contained in terminals of submarine batteries, Price Administrator Henderson announced July 13.
Permission is granted in Amendment No. 8 to Revised Price Schedule No. 70.
ANTIMONY CONTROL RELAXED
Control over antimony, an important pigment base and lead and tin alloy, was revised by an amended General Preference Order M-112, issued July 11. Supplies of antimony have become relatively more plentiful, and the order as amended will encourage the substitution of antimony for tin. A certain shortage of tin exists.
Chemical derivatives, with the exception of antimony oxide and sulphide, which are the result of primary processing, are removed from control of the order. Fruit is included in the items covered, by definition.
To encourage the fullest production of domestic ores, the amended order frees from restriction deliveries up to 50 tons per month of ores or concentrates by United States mines.
To relieve pressure on scarce metals
Deliveries of 25 pounds or less of contained antimony are permitted to any one person in one month, without an allocation.
Restrictions on certain specific uses of antimony are modified by the amended order. Nonceramic coatings may use up to 2 percent antimony, and antimony may now be used in ceramic coatings only when they are designed to be acid-resistant.
Antimony may be substituted for tin in bearing metals and other alloys, to free zinc and lead compounds in certain pigments, and for both tin and lead in a variety of other places. Such substitutes to relieve pressure on these more scarce metals will be encouraged by this amended order.
★ ★ ★
WPB defines enameling duck
The WPB July 13 issued Interpretation No. 1 of General Preference Order M-91 defining “enameling duck.” M-91, which restricts the use of certain cotton duck, does not restrict enameling duck. The interpretation was Issued in reply to Inquiries as to exactly what construction constitutes enameling duck.
★ ★ ★
Copper order amended to extend military exemptions
A “Military Exemption List” was added July 13 to Copper Conservation Order M-9-c by the Director General of Operations to permit the manufacture of binoculars and valves for ship use after August 1.
Under the existing order, exemptions for the Services and other war agencies to the list of prohibited uses expire on that date. A revision of the order to permit the manufacture of articles needed for war use now is in progress.
The Military Exemption List is included in Amendment No. 3 to Order M-9-c.
Makers of portable lamps, shades may use up stocks of metal parts, cords, and silk
Manufacturers of portable lamps and lamp shades are permitted to use up their existing supplies of fabricated or semifabricated metal, metal parts, lamp cords, and silk by Amendment No. 3 to General Limitation Order L-33, Issued July 13 by the WPB.
If fabricated before March 23
Such materials, however, must have been in fabricated or semifabricated form in the inventory of the manufacturer or his supplier prior to March 23, 1942. In addition, the use of lamp cords is governed by Copper Conservation Order M-9-c, under which specific authorization by the WPB is required.
Under Amendment No. 1 to L-33, none of these materials could be used after May 31, 1942. However, some manufacturers still have sufficient inventories on hand to continue production at least until the middle of August. The July 13 amendment is designed to help such manufacturers.
A manufacturer may not produce, in any quarter, lamps or shades at a rate greater than 60 percent of his rate of production in 1940.
★ ★ ★
Venetian blind makers allowed to use up stocks of metal parts
Manufacturers of Venetian blinds July 11 were permitted by the WPB to assemble until next September fabricated metal parts they had on hand as of March 20, 1942.
The July 11 order was in the form of Amendment No. 3 to General Limitation Order L-62, which restricted after March 20 and bans after May 31 the manufacture of metal household furniture.
Under the terms of the amendment, manufacturers may assemble iron, stpel or zinc castings processed and on hand before March 20, providing that the parts do not contain more than 2 percent aluminum. The order releases only those parts that cannot be used for any purpose except the production of Venetian blinds. The amendment specifies that no manufacturer shall be permitted to process parts or assemble Venetian blinds after August 31, 1942, other than wood Venetian, blinds containing less than 15 ounces of metal per blind.
14
★ VICTORY ★
July 21, 1942
War funds appropriated and proposed now total 223 billion dollars
Appropriations and proposed appropriations bring the total war financial program to approximately $223,000,000,-•00, the WPB announced July 15.
$8,550,000,000 for ships
Appropriations and contract authorizations as of July 15 amounted to $212,000,000,000. The Military Appropriations Act of 1943 authorizing expenditure of $42,090,000,000 was signed by the President on July 2. The Naval Construction Act provides authorization to ¡start construction on about $8,550,-000,000 of additional naval tonnage. This was approved by the President on July 9, but the bill did not carry any specific appropriation of funds.
In addition, about $2,160,000,000 for other war agencies has been requested. Of this amount, $314,000,000 has been appropriated by Congress and approved by the President, and expenditure of the balance is provided for in pending legislation.
$34,765,000,000 spent in first 2 years
Expenditures by the Federal Government for military purposes during the first 2 years of war effort ended June 30 totaled $24,765,000,000. This includes disbursements by the Treasury and Reconstruction Finance Corporation.
Of this amount, $15,650,000,000 was paid out for the Army $10,211,000,000 for the Navy, $4,09^.000,000 for the Lend-Lease Administration and $4,806,000,000 for other war agencies.
Contracting in May, the latest month for which data are available, amounted to $9,731,000,000, compared with $9,899,-000,000 in April, $16,395,000,000 in March and $20,932,000,000 in February.
★ ★ ★
WAR EFFORT’S PROGRESS TOLD VISUALLY
The charts appearing each week on the front cover of Victory tell the story of America's battle as it is fought here at home. One-column mats are available for publication by newspapers and ethers who may desire them. Requests should be sent to Distribution Section, Office of War Information, Washington, D. C.
U.S. WAR EXPENDITURES - Daily Rate
THE AVERAGE daily rate of expenditures for war purposes by United States Government agencies rose in June to $158,600,000, the War Production Board announced July 12. This includes Treasury disbursements and amounts paid by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and its subsidiaries.
This compares with an average daily
Corporation to form sailing fleet for American trade
Formation of a corporation to acquire an emergency fleet of existing sailing vessels and of sailing vessels to be built in yards in the other American Republics for inter-American trade routes was announced July 14 by Nelson A. Rockefeller, Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs.
The corporation has been chartered in the State of Delaware under the name of the Inter-American Navigation Corporation.
It is proposed to acquire available existing vessels suitable for inter-American trade and to contract for the construction of additional vessels in the other American republics.
RFC to loan money
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation has agreed to loan up to $10,000,000 to the corporation.
The present program, developed from the original plan of Wayne C. Taylor, Under Secretary of Commerce, calls for construction of up to 100 wooden sailing vessels of less than 1,000 tons dead weight, with auxiliary engines.
rate of expenditures of $149,200,000 in May—a gain of 6.3 percent—indicating a slowing down in the rate of increase. The percentage of gain in May over the previous month was 10.7 percent, in April 12.0 percent and 20.9 percent in March.
Total expenditures for June were $4,123,000,000, as compared with $911,-000,000 in the same month a year ago.
WPB issues bibliography on war production
A bibliography on war production was issued July 11 by the WPB.
Prepared by the Legislative Reference Service, Library of Congress, the pamphlet, “Selected Documentation of the Economics of War,” cites authoritative books, articles, and other materials for writers, students, public speakers, and research workers.
To appraise Nation’s production effort \
There are four major parts: The Economics of War, Mobilization of Resources, Fiscal Policy and⁵ Consumption Control, and Economic Warfare.
The preface states that the bibliography has been prepared: “To make possible an appraisal of the Nation’s production effort through reference to authoritative materials, both historical and contemporary. The documentation includes citations on both the production and broader economic phases of the war, including a special section devoted to the subject of economic warfare.”
Copies are available from Division of Information, War Production Board, Washington, D. C.
July 21, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
15
High grade Sitka spruce saved for warplanes
All Sitka spruce logs of grades 1 and 2, and cants and 'flitches of these logs, held by individuals, private companies and governmental agencies, were frozen in the hands of their owners as of July 20, and their processing after that date is prohibited, except upon the authorization of the Director General for Operations, by the terms of Conservation Order M-186.
Only exceptions to these restrictions are cants and flitches held for plane production by manufacturers of aircraft.
The new order, announced July 14, was issued to conserve all domestic aerograde spruce lumber for the construction of warplanes.
Grades are to be determined by the standards prevailing on August 1, 1941, in the several producing districts in Washington and Oregon listed in the order. Alaska logs will be graded in the district to which they are first delivered.
Other provisions
Another provision of M-186 requires that anyone desiring to receive any of the restricted logs, cants and flitches after July 20, other than a manufacturer of aircraft using them in aircraft production must file an application on Form PD-593 with WPB’s Western Log and Lumber Administrator, F. H. Brundage, at Portland, Oreg., not later than the twentieth of the montt preceding that in which delivery is desired.
Any person, other than a logger or manufacturer of aircraft, who, on July 13, 1942, had in his possession Sitka spruce logs In excess of 100,000 feet, log scale, is directed by the order to file an inventory report on Form PD-594 with the Western Administrator on or before July 18, 1942.
★ ★ ★
Production of stirrup pumps, parts banned except for war use
Further restrictions on the manufacture of fire protective equipment were imposed July 11 through the issuance of General Limitation Order No. L-39, as amended.
May use fabricated parts
The main new restriction applies to stirrup pumps. Manufacture of these pumps, or their parts, is forbidden except to fill purchase orders from the Army, Navy, Maritime Commission, War Shipping Administration, Defense Supplies Corporation, or governments of Lend-Lease countries.
Manufacturers may, however, assemble stirrup pumps from parts, containing no nonferrous metals, which were fabricated or semifabricated on or before July 11.
ANILINE UNDER WPB CONTROL
Control of the distribution of aniline, important chemical in the manufacture of explosives, dyes, drugs, synthetic rubber and other chemical products, was taken July 13 by the Director General for Operations, WPB.
Consumers seeking delivery of aniline under Order M-184, which was issued July 13, must file requests on Form PD-583 and producers and distributors must report monthly on Form PD-584. The Army, Navy, Coast Guard, Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration need not file these forms, but must provide the same information in any form they desire. Requests must be filed by August 10 for September delivery.
Exceptions
The restrictions of thé order do not apply to use by the Armed Services of aniline produced by them, or to the use by any person of less than 500 pounds of aniline in a month.
★ ★ ★
Arsenic buying simplified
Procedure by which users of small amounts of arsenic may place purchase orders was simplified by Amendment No. 1 to General Préférence Order M-152, issued July 11.
The number of small buyers of arsenic is large, but the aggregate amount of arsenic so bought is extremely small. To relieve these many small purchasers of the burden of filing Form PD-490, the July 11 amendment makes it unnecessary for any buyer using less than a total of 500 pounds per calendar quarter to file any forms. A certificate must be presented by such buyer, however, to his supplier, stating that the delivery currently sought will not result in his having received more than 500 pounds in that quarter.
Producers and distributors must, under the July 11 amendment, list on Forms PD-490 and PD-491 the aggregate amount of deliveries they propose to make during the ensuing quarter to persons receiving less than 500 pounds total of arsenic.
Control over these small quantities is still retained by WPB through required filing of Forms PD-490 and PD-491 by producers. The supply or control situation is not changed by this amendment, but simply the procedure.
Tin, terne plate use extended, some stocks unfrozen
Tin and terne plate which had been put in process on May 16, 1942, and roofings, furnace pipe, and fittings in inventory on May 16, 1942, may be used for repairs, regardless of ratings, and on defense housing under an amended version of Supplementary Order M-21-e, issued July 11. The amended order also adds certain items to the list which may use tin or terne plate, and relieves warehouses of the necessity for reporting to WPB on Army and Navy orders.
List of products extended
Schedule A of the original order, listing products which may use tin and terne plate, is extended by the addition of certain kinds of dairy ware, textile spools and bobbins, gasoline tanks, radiators for internal combustion engines, chaplets, skimgates, and tin forms for foundry use, torpedoes for oil and gas well shooting, and carbide nonexplosive emergency lights. Each of these new permitted uses is restricted as to type of plate, and amounts of tin and terne that may be used in each item.
The original order M-21-e specifically limited the amount of tin and terne which might be used, and directed the purposes for which it could be used. The net effect of this amended order is to unfreeze certain inventories and to permit additional uses of tin and terne plate, not because the shortage of tin is any less critical, but because the items permitted fill a necessary place in both military and civilian economy.
★ ★ ★
Production of metal plastering bases, accessories cut again
Production of metal plastering bases and accessories during the 4-month period beginning July 1 will be cut to a total of 9,250 tons by the terms of Amendment No. 2 to Limitation Order L-59. This represents a further cut of 60 percent from the already curtailed production of the previous 4 months.
| ★ ★ ★
SOUTH AMERICAN MINES GRANTED HIGHER RATINGS
Higher preference ratings for copper mines In South America, which obtain stipulated amounts of maintenance and operating supplies with the assistance of Preference Rating Order P-58, were announced July 14 by the Director-General for Operations.
16
★ VICTORY ★
July 21, 1942
Labor-management committees in over 1,000 U. S. Plants push production drives
One thousand American plants now have labor-management committees conducting War Production Drives, War Production Drive Headquarters announced July 13.
Will continue through the war
The War Production Drive got under way in March under the direction of Donald M. Nelson, Chairman of the War Production Board, to fill the President’s quota of 60,000 planes, 20,000 tanks, 45,-000 antiaircraft guns, and 8,000,000 tons of shipping this year. The drive is not limited to plants producing only these war materials; in fact, it has been extended to plants making almost every conceivable article for war. Nor will the drive end with the year; it will continue through the war.
At the start, the drive encountered some skeptics. Fears were expressed that the drive would permit workers to interfere with management, or that it would enable management to employ the “stretch-out” or other practices diminishing workers’ pay.
These fears vanished as the drive got under way. Endorsements came -from AFL and CIO leaders and from employers’ associations. As reports came in of better understanding between employers and labor and of rising production records, more and more plants joined in the drive, until today there are 1,000.
Joint planning increases production
Production is increased almost entirely by joint labor and management planning. In these thousand plants, workers and managers sit down together and map the methods by which more and better war weapons can be turned out. To facilitate this, scoreboards are set up, slogan contests conducted, suggestion boxes erected, transportation plans devised, and individual merit is recognized. War Production Drive Headquarters supplies posters, streamers, pamphlets, and a constant flow of suggestions.
Of the first thousand plants, 353 reported on slogan contests, 320 on the erection of production charts, 370 on suggestion boxes, and 123 on transportation pools. Reports have not been mandatory and the number of plants in which these activities are in progress is believed to be much larger.
Many increases in production have been reported to War Production Drive
Headquarters, of which 40 have been outstanding. Plants have reported breaking as many as 30 productions records in one month.
The drive has flourished in plants of all sizes, one plant having less than 30 employees. It has been especially effective In the larger industrial organizations where the drive has given vast numbers of men and women a unity of purpose and a comradeship not possible before. Committees are active, for instance, in 53 E. I. Du Pont de Nemours plants and in nine of the financially affiliated General Motors plants; in 25 Westinghouse plants; 19 Carnegie-Illinois Steel plants, 18 American Steel and Wire plants. 15 Owens-Illinois Glass plants, and 10 General Electric plants.
Pennsylvania leads
From the start, industrial Pennsylvania has taken the lead in the number of plants and today there are 153 in that State. Ohio is second with 124 and New York third with 108.
Other States with many plants are:
New Jersey, 71; Illinois, 69; California, 65; Indiana, 57; Connecticut, 44; Michigan, 41; Wisconsin, 38; Massachusetts, 35.
★ ★ ★
OCD launches drive for more nurses’ aides
With but one quarter of the summer quota of 100,000 nurses’ aides filled to date, the civilian mobilization branch and medical division of the Office of Civilian Defense are launching a concerted drive for more women to train as aides. Nurses’ aides are needed to relieve the shortage of nursing personnel in hospitals which is daily becoming more serious because thousands of nurses must be released for duty with the armed forces.
“Without the assistance of large numbers of nurses’ aides to supplement’ the registered nurses, many hospitals report that they would be unable to provide adequate nursing services,” the medical division announced. “If coastal and industrial cities should be subjected to enemy attack, the need for nurses’ aides will be greatly accentuated. The goal of 100,000 trained nurses’ aides must be reached.”
American Red Cross chapters and civilian defense volunteer offices cooperate in recruiting nurses’ aides.
Steel plants speed production, set new records
Labor-management committees in seven steel plants have reported new increases in steel production, War Production Drive Headquarters announced July 17. Committees in eight other steel companies have reported recent increases in war production.
Coke plant sets new marks
The production drive committee of the wood works division of the Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation, at McKeesport, Pa., telegraphed:
Employees of wood works, Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation, has surpassed goals set by Production Drive Committee for month of June with a total of 1,117 tons against our goal of 1,100 tons.
The committee in the Clairton works of the same corporation reported that the steel works had established numerous all-time records for April and June and that the coke plant has established new monthly records on nearly a dozen different products in May and June.
Breaks 65 records in 3 months
Edward G. Speter, chairman, and five other members of the War Production Drive Committee of the. Cleveland, Ohio, Consolidated Works of the American Steel & Wire Company reported that 65 records have been broken in the last 3 months.
Production Drive committees in three other American Wire & Steel plants have previously reported outstanding achievements.
James E. Gingerich, chairman of the War Production Drive Committee of the Ellwood (Pa.) Works of the National Tube Co. reported that in June five departments had broken all previous production records and that in June the largest amount of finished material in the history of the plant had been shipped.
Other steel plants that are breaking records include the Hamilton, Ohio, and Ashland, Ky., plants of the American Rolling Mill Co.; the Ambridge, Pa., and Chicago plants of the Wyckoff Drawn Steel Co.; the Reading, Pa., plant of the Parish Pressed Steel Co. and the Torrance, Calif., plant of the Columbia Steel Co.
War Production Drive Headquarters has also made public increases in production reported by the Republic Steel Corporation plant in Cleveland, Ohio, the Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation plant at Pittsburgh, Pa., and the Continental Roll and Steel Foundry plant at East Chicago, Ind.
July 21, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
17
I/-74
^SrJSeUSS
Harris appeals for more typewriters for Army and Navy
William M. Harrig, chairman of the office machinery and equipment procurement committee, WPB, July 13 urged the businessmen of the country to respond at once to the request of Donald
Now is ₜₕₐ Tᵢₘₑ to Cₙ°r ⁶⁰⁰,⁰⁰⁰ » REWRITERS ®e to the Aid of their Country
£QUR MACHINE IS URGENTLY NEEDED AT THE FRONT:
#The Army needs Typewriters # Warships need Typewriters
Sell your machine today to your nearest dealer*, from him
Your Government buys
(Non-P⁰¹^⁰^⁶
Year 1935,
models only or newer.)
M. Nelson, Chairman of the War Production Board, that every possible typewriter be made available to the Government for actual use by the Army and Navy.
This cartoon was drawn especially for Victory by Dr. Seuss. This notice constitutes full permission to reprint the drawing. Engravings may be direct from this reproduction, or three-column mats will be ' furnished on application to Distribution Section, Office of War Ih-formatioii, Washington, D. C. Refer to V-74.
18
★ VICTORY ★
July 21, 1942
Million pounds of copper and alloys shifted from idle stocks to war in 15 days
One million pounds of copper and copper alloy products in idle, excess and frozen inventories were directed into strategic war production during the first 15 days of the Government copper recovery program, it was revealed July 16 by Ernest A. Tupper, chief of the inventory and requisitioning branch of the War Production Board.
Commenting on the progress, of the copper recovery program, Mr. Tupper stated that “by the end of the week, as the result of voluntary sales alone, with WPB acting only as a clearing house, over 2,000,000 pounds of idle and excess inventories of copper will be flowing weekly, directly and indirectly, into the production of munitions, tanks, planes and ships.”
Must step it up fivefold
Mr. Tupper warned, however, that “the acquisition of idle and excess inventories of copper and copper alloys will have to be stepped up fivefold, both by voluntary sales and Government purchase and resale, in order to keep war production assembly lines operating at full capacity.”
Explaining the procedures followed by WPB and the Copper Recovery Corporation, Mr. Tupper said:
First.—The holders of idle or excess Inventories of copper and copper-base alloys report these inventories in detail to WPB. At the same time they indicate whether or not they are willing to accept Government prices for their materials.
Second.—WPB then makes every effort to arrange a negotiated sale of material usable in its present form by a war contractor.
Third.—If materials do not lend themselves to direct use in war production In their existing form, they may be purchased by the Government and allocated to scrap users. In such cases the Copper Recovery Corporation acts as fiscal agent, and pays Government schedule prices to the owner.
★ ★ ★
Producers can notify suppliers to hold excess orders on books
Manufacturers operating under the production requirements plan can request suppliers to retain orders on the books for future delivery if they are in excess of authorized quarterly purchases.
This was made clear in interpretation No. 2 to paragraph (d) (1) (iii) of Priorities Regulation No. 11, as amended, issued July 13 by the WPB.
PRIORITY ACTIONS
♦From July 9
♦Through July 15
Subject Order No. Related form Issued Expira- Rating
tion date
Air conditioning machinery and equipment
(industrial and commercial refrigera-
tion):
Amended to assure more efficient ad- L-38 famend. 31 7-10-42
ministration of the order. 6-30-42 9-30-42
b. High preference ratings for deliveries A-8.
of materials needed for emergency re-
pairs extended until September 30.
Chemicals:
a. Aniline. Control placed over dis-
tribution.
b. Antimony. Control over- antimony,
an important pigment base and lead and
tin alloy, is revised by an amendment to
M-112.
c. Arsenic. Procedure by which users of
small amounts of arsenic may place
purchase orders simplified. Form
PD-490 no longer required by buyers of
less than 500 pounds in a quarter.
Cans made of tinplate or terneplate:
a. Authorizes the use of tinplate or terne-
plate cans on hand or in process on July 1
for 'certain products now omitted from
the permitted categories of M-81. - M-184____________ PD-583. 584 7-18-42
Copper:
a. A “Military Exemption List” added to
M-9-c to permit manufacture of binocu-
lars and valves for ships after August 1. 7-11-42
b. Higher preference ratings for copper
mines, copper producers, in South
America assigned for maintenance and M-112 (as amend. ---..............-
operating supplies. 7-11-42). 7-11-42
Cotton duck: M-152 (amend. 1). 7-9-42
a. Interpretation issued defining “enamel- M-81 (as amend.
ing duck.” 6-27-42) (amend.
Domestic cooking appliances: 1). ..................
a. Releases all electric ranges in hands of M-9-c (as amend. 7-10-42
dealers as well as ranges having a factory 5-7-42) (amend. 7-14-42 Until re- A-l-a.
sales value of $80 and over in the hands 8). voked. A-l-d
of distributors and manufacturers. P-58 (as amend.
Elevators: 7-14-42).
a. Rigid control over the manufacture and M-91 flnt. 11 7-13-42
delivery of elevator equipment and
certain types of elevators established.
Farm machinery and equipment and at-
tachments and repair parts therefor: PD-423 7-16-42
a. Re-issuance of order to codify the
original order and amendments.
Feminine apparel for outer wear and certain L-23-b (amend. 1).
other garments: L-89 PD-411 562 7-9-42
a. Gen. Lim. Od. L-85 amended to con-
solidate into one order the original and
two amendments. Clothes for young PD-388, 387..... 11-1-42
boys (sizes 2 through 6) were transfered L-26 (as amend.
to L-85 from M-73-a. 7-14-42). 7-14-42
Fire protective equipment: L---85 (As amend.! 7-10-42
a. Further restrictions placed on manu-
facture of protective equipment. New
restriction applies to stirrup pumps.
Fuel: L-39 (as amend. 7-11-42
a. Fuel oil deliveries to consumers in the (7-11-42).
States of Oregon and Washington re-
turned to normal.
Heavy power and steam equipment: 7-11-42
a. Permits contractors to extend preference
rating certificates to obtain delivery of
heavy power and steam equipment on
orders issued to the persons for whom 7-10-42
the construction is for.
Incandescent and Fluorescent lamps:
a. Amended to include Panama Canal in
group of agencies given 90-day exemp- 7-10-42
tion from restrictions of order regarding
use of critical materials in the manu-
facture of lamp bulbs and tubes.
Industrial power trucks: L-112 PD-385 7-10-42
a. Strict control of the production and
distribution of industrial power trucks
ordered.
Lumber (construction): 7-10-42
a. Extends “freeze” order for 30 days, to
Aug. 13, 1942. L-121 (as amend.
Metal household furniture:. _ 7-10-42).
a. Manufacturers permitted to assemble L-M (amend. 7-11-42
until next September, fabricated metal
parts they had on hand as of Mar. 20,
1942.
Metal plastering bases and metal plastering 7-11-42
accessories:
a. Production cut 60 percent for period
beginning July 1, for four months.
Metal signs: 7-15-42
a. Amended so that provisions under
which manufacturers may dispose of fro-
zen inventories of iron and steel conform
to Prior. Reg. 13.
July 2b 1942
★ VICTORY ★
19
Subject Order No. Related form Issued Expira- Rating
tion date
Petroleum (aromatic solvents):
a. Xylol and xylol range aromatic ma- 7-11-42
terials brought under control of M-150.
Portable electric lamps and shades: M-150 (amend. 1).
a. Manufacturers permitted to use up L-33 (amend. 3)... 7-13-42
their existing supplies of fabricated 7-10-42
metal, metal parts, lamp cords.
Rubber and products and materials of which
rubber is a component:
a. Specifications governing the use of
rubber in insulated wire and cable to
make them applicable to all military
uses.
Silk waste, silk noils, and garnetted or re- 7-11-42
claimed silk fiber:
a. Silk may be processed, sold, or delivered M-15-b-l (amend.
only for use by Army. Navy, Maritime 8).
Commission, or the War Shipping Ad- M-26 (as amend.
ministration. 7-11-42).
Sitka spruce logs: M-186............ PD-593, 594_____ 7-13-42
a. WPB freezes all sitka spruce logs of
grades 1 and 2 in hands of their owners as
of July 20, and their processing after that
date is prohibited.
Smelters and refiners (nonferrous):
a. Smelters and refiners of 13 nonferrous 7-14-42
metals operating under order P-73 need 7-13-42
not file PRP applications for third quar-
ter of 1942 but will continue to operate
under P-73.
Steel and iron: P-73 (as amend.
a. Amended to prohibit manufacture of an 7-14-42).
additional long list of civilian articles. M-126 (as amend. PD-500, 437_____ 7-11-42
b. Tin and terne plate which had been in 7-13-42).
process on May 16 may be used for re- M-21-e (as amend.
pairs, regardless of ratings. 7-11-42).
Tools (machine, electrical specifications): L-147............. 7-10-42
a. WPB prohibits production of tools
calling for special electrical specifications
after July 15.
Utilities (maintenance, repair and supplies): P-46 (amend. 2)___ 7-8-42 A-5.
a. Utility company may sell materials
from excess stocks to any other utility
company or war production plants, pro-
vided order carries a preference rating of 7-10-42
A-5 or higher.
Wool clothing for men and boys: M-73-a (as amend.
a. Amended to release control over clothes 4-27-42) (amend.
for young boys (sizes 2 through 6) to L-85. 2).
SUSPENSION ORDERS
Order Expira-
Company No. Violation Penalty Issued tion
date
Warwick Laboratories •8-65...- Charged with repeated vio- Priority assistance withdrawn, 7-10-42 10-12-42
Corporation, Brook- lation of priorities orders. and no allocation of scarce
lyn, N. Y. Obtained brass hooks and material shall be made to
nickel steel split rivets in company for period of 3
violation of P-54. Com- months.
pany manufactured uni-
versal joints cover units,
and hydraulic brake fluid
in excess of its quota, in
violation of L-4.
The Burch Corpora- S-67---. Charged with misrepresen- Enjoins the company for pe- 7-6-42 10-9-42
tion, Crestline, Ohio. tation when applying for riod of 3 months, from proc-
pig iron allocations and essing, melting, or other-
the subsequent diversion wise using any pig iron ex-
of substantial quantities cept to fill orders bearing
of this scarce material. A-2 preference rating or
. higher.
Harry Rushton, Den- S-68.... Charges that Rushton, with All priority and allocation as- 7-10-42 10-13-42
ver, Colo. full knowledge of copper sistance withdrawn for pe-
orders, used stocks of this riod of 3 months. Rushton
material to produce saddle must also submit a schedule
horns, in violation of Cons. of his inventories of copper
Od. M-9-c. and copper-base alloys to
WPB.
PRIORITIES REGULATIONS
Number Subject Issued
Prime contractors to whom preference ratings have been assigned on PD-3A
Prior. Reg. 3 (Interpreta- certificates by the Armed Services or other war agencies are entitled to use 7-14-42
tion 1). the rating within specified limits for operating supplies to replace materials in
inventory.
Prior. Reg. 11 (Interpre- Interpretation 2 to Priorities Reg. 11 makes it clear that manufacturers operat- 7-13-42
tation 2). ing under the Production Requirements Plan can request suppliers to retain
orders on the books for future delivery if they are in excess of authorized
quarterly purchases.
Prior. Reg. 14............. Regulation provides that where the United States Army, Navy, and Maritime 7-8-42
Commission are excepted from the restrictions imposed by limitation and
conservation orders, the corresponding Canadian agencies are also excepted.
Original farm equipment order and amendments combined
The WPB July 14 reissued Limitation Order L-26, which regulates production of all types of farm equipment, in order to bring into one document the original order and its four amendments. The amended order expires November 1.
Supplementary orders L-26-a, b, c and d and all amendments to them remain in full force and are not affected by this codification of the original order.
I
★ ★ ★
War orders for metal shelving may be filled until August 1
Manufacturers of metal shelving are permitted by Amendment No. 4 to Order L-13-a,-announced July 16, to fill shelving orders of the Army, Navy, and the Maritime Commission until August 1, provided no new steel is sheared to fill such orders. The previous deadline had been July 15.
No manufacturer may process parts or produce metal shelving except as provided in the amendment or on specific authorization of the Director General for Operations.
★ ★ ★
Christmas- wrappings optional
Questions raised by the tobacco industry over the wrapping of cigarettes, cigars, smoking tobacco, and snuff in Christmas packages were answered July 10 by Harley W. Jefferson, chief of the tobacco section, WPB.
Mr. Jefferson said that since there is no shortage of paper for Christmas wrappers, the elimination of Christmas packages by any manufacturer is optional. There is no conservation order restricting paper for such use.
★ ★ ★
No ban on gift.boxes
In response to numerous inquiries concerning the use of Christmas and gift boxes, William W. Fitzhugh, chief of the folding and set-up box section, containers branch, WPB, said July 7 that in view of the presently abundant supply of paper board that no restrictions on the manufacture of any type of paper box are contemplated at present, and that the manufacture and use of gift and Christmas boxes are not prohibited.
20
★ VICTORY ★
July 21, 1942
RATIONING ...
Sugar rationing must continue on same basis to assure fair sharing, OPA says
(See chart on page 1)
America’s sweet-tooth, under rationing, is consuming sugar at only slightly less than our rate of production and imports, the Office of Price Administration revealed July 12.
Must rebuild stocks
The small excess of supply will enable the Nation to bring its carry-over stocks, now considerably below normal, back to a sound level. Then, if there is any remaining excess, additional ration allowances can be distributed to the consumers.
The figures reveal also that the sugar rationing plan is working well throughout the country, and has already prevented a national sugar disaster by bringing sugar consumption within the sharply curtailed limits of our supply. It must be continued on approximately its present basis in order to assure everyone of a fair share of the commodity, OPA said.
Basing its estimates on the figures supplied by the War Production Board, the Department of Agriculture, the Shipping Priorities Committee and upon its own studies, OPA said the Nation, under the present rationing plan, is consuming about 475,000 tons of sugar per month Including Lend-Lease and the armed forces, and is being supplied, out of its own crops and all imports at the rate of about 504,523 tons per month. The bulk of this supply is brought to this country in ships from Cuba and Puerto Rico in the Caribbean and as long as we are able to maintain the rate of imports of the first half of 1942, our sugar situation, with each consumer on a restricted ration, will be considered basically sound. If warfare cuts down this rate of import to any great extent, for any length of time, or if the 1942 U. S. mainland yield falls short of expectations, then the rationing system will have to be tightened, OPA officials said.
Added ration for this period
Giving the over-all picture of our sugar situation, under rationing, OPA said visible sugar stocks on hand now are 1,654,-000 tons against 1,968,000 tons at this time last year, a decrease of 16 percent. In May and June, however, we imported
about 200,000 tons more than rationing officials had counted on. When the War Production Board recently reported that 3,435,000 short tons of sugar would be available for distribution to civilians between-July 1 and December 31 of this year/ OPA ordered an extra allotment of sugar to all consumers, totalling 200,-000 tons. This distribution to ration bookholders started July 10 and continued to August 22, during which time stamp No. 7 is good for two pounds extra. Industrial and institutional users will get their part of this increase as an addition to their July-August allotment when they file their applications for supplies for the next period.
★ ★ ★
OPA takes steps to make sugar equally available in all sections of the country
Additional machinery to make America’s curtailed sugar supply equally available to consumers in all sections of the country was set in motion July 14 by the OPA working in conjunction with the Defense Supplies Corporation.
Government to absorb extra costs
OPA announced that arrangements have been completed with the Defense Supplies Corporation for Government reimbursement to west coast cane sugar refiners for unusual costs in moving refined cane sugar from their California plants to territories east of Chicago.
Normally, the shipping of this sugar by rail beyond Chicago would not be economically justified without an increase in retail price to pay the additional transportation cost.
OPA announced that the plan was adopted to forestall a sugar shortage in Michigan.
★ ★ ★
MORE TIME TO LICK HITLER
The War Production Drive Committee reduced absences 16 percent in one week in the plants of the Busch-Sulzer Bros.-Diesel Engine Co. in St. Louis. Despite increases in employment, absences have decreased almost weekly.
Nation’s housewives may use “any reasonable amount” of sugar for home canning
Fruit crops ripening in several large sections of the country prompted a statement from the OPA July 13 that the home canning provision of the sugar rationing regulations gives American housewives every opportunity to conserve fresh fruit wherever and whenever available.
Important to save fruit
The OPA reiterated previous announcements that there is no specific limitation on the amount of sugar which a family may obtain for the purposes of home canning.
Local War Price and Rationing Boards are authorized to permit the use of any reasonable amount of sugar for home canning with the understanding that with each pound of sugar, four quarts of fruit will be canned.
The OPA said it considered the conservation of fruit fully as important as the conservation of sugar.
“Reasonable amount” explained
The OPA also took the opportunity to explain that in a rationing guide on home canning issued to the local boards, certain figures were cited to indicate what might be considered a reasonable amount of sugar.
The guide cited studies made by the Department of Agriculture and the Consumer Division of OPA which determined that under normal conditions, an average of approximately 6 pounds per capita Is used in home canning.
According to the same studies, persons in rural areas consume in an average diet 36 quarts of canned fruit per capita annually. This would mean that based on the proportion of 1 pound of sugar to four finished quarts of fruit, the sugar need would be about 9 pounds.
★ ★ ★
Porter clarifies rent ceiling for Detroit defense area
No change in the present maximum rent ceiling for the Detroit, Mich., defense-rental area is contemplated at this time, Paul A. Porter, deputy administrator of the OPA, announced July 11 in a statement issued concerning a “serious misquotation” of OPA’s position regarding the maximum rent ceiling for the Detroit area.
July 21, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
21
Ration coupons to control gasoline deliveries in East;
50 percent cut rescinded
Deliveries of gasoline to filling stations and distributors in the East Coast rationing area will be controlled after July 22 on the basis of rationing coupons and the present 50 percent cut in all such deliveries will be rescinded, in accordance with a decision of the WPB announced July 17 by Chairman Donald M. Nelson.
Curb caused hardship
It has been found that this limitation caused undue hardship in some areas where the influx of defense workers has increased the essential requirements for gasoline, and the WPB has decided that control of deliveries to filling stations on the basis of ration coupons taken in at each station will provide the most satisfactory method of handling the situation.
An amendment to Limitation Order L-70 embodying the Board’s decision was to be issued within a few days, to take effect on July 22 when coupon rationing starts.
★ ★ ★
45,000 electric ranges released for sale to qualified persons
Some 45,000 electric ranges, frozen since May 2, 1942, in the hands of dealers, distributors and manufacturers, were released for sale to the public upon certification as to need by an amendment' to Supplementary Limitation Order L-23-b issued July 16 by the Director General for Operations.
The amendment No. 1 releases all electric ranges in the hands of dealers as well as ranges having a factory sales value of $80 and over in the hands of distributors and manufacturers. Ranges having a factory sales value of less than $80 in the hands of distributors and manufacturers are not released but must be held for defense housing or war agencies.
Sale conditions
To qualify for a new electric range, a person must certify to the dealer in writing either:
1. that a new domestic electric range is required to replace one that is worn-out, damaged beyond repair, or destroyed: or
2. that no other cooking equipment is available, that the premises are wired for the installation of a range, and that electric facilities for range operation are installed.
New rules make sugar rationing easier for both individual and industrial users
Procedure for the prompt replacement of lost, stolen or destroyed war ration books—along with changes in the sugar rationing regulations which will permit manufacturers to make broader use of their sugar allowances—was announced July 11 by OPA.
The new provisions are contained in Amendment No. 5 to Rationing Order No. 3, effective July 11.
Provision for replacing ration books
The amendment authorizes local war price and rationing boards to issue new books before the end of the 2-month waiting period in deserving cases where the boards are convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that books were lost, stolen or destroyed.
The amendment also permits local boards to issue replacement certificates to consumers whose sugar purchase certificates have been lost, stolen or destroyed. The original regulations contained no such provision.
For dwellers in remote places
The amendment permits such persons as ranchers and sheep herders, who live a long way from the place they buy their sugar, to get as much as 12 pounds as an advance on their regular rations. Formerly the amount was a 4-week supply.
The amendment permits an industrial user of sugar to transfer sugar to a manufacturer without the exchange of stamps or certificates if the manufacturer uses the sugar in processing and returns the product to the original industrial user.
Also, an industrial user entitled to follow this type of procedure may turn his sugar purchase certificate over to the manufacturer with whom he has a “tolling” agreement in order to let him obtain the sugar.
This provision applies, however, only if the industrial user delivered sugar during 1941 for the manufacture of the same product or if the industrial user’s means of production have been disrupted temporarily.
8 industrial classes
The amendment also sets up eight classes of industrial and institutional uses, and permits the user to decide what he will make of the sugar as long as the product is in the same class *as the product for which the allotment originally was made.
Classes set forth in the regulations are as follows:
1. Meals or food services.
2. Bread and bakery products.
3. Cereal products, batters, mixes, desserts and puddings.
4. Ice cream, frozen custards, cheese, frozen eggs, sugared egg yolks, and other dairy products, except condensed milk.
5. Ices, sherbets, bottled beverages, flavoring extracts, syrups and drink mixes.
6. Pickles, mince meat, catsup, chile sauces, salad dressings, soups, tomato sauces, preserves, jams, jellies, fruit butters, glace fruits, fruit nectars and maraschino cherries.
7. Drugs, medicines and insecticides.
8. Confectionery, candy, chocolate, chewing gum and cocoa.
Another change in the regulations is designed to permit sugar wholesalers to make most of their delivereies to retailers in standard shipping packages.
★ ★ ★
Bicycle quotas cut sharply after WPB stops production
A sharp reduction in the already allotted quota of bicycles for rationing in July was announced July 17 by OPA, after issuance of a War Production Board order that puts a further restriction on production.
OPA originally set its quota of bicycles for release in the period between July 9 (the beginning of rationing) and the end of August at 230,000 with 180,000 of that amount allotted among the counties and 20,000 held in State reserves and 30,000 in national reserve for adjustment of emergency demand situations.
The reduction announced July 17 sets the quota for July alone at 25 percent of the amount that previously had been announced as available for July and August together. This puts the current month’s total of State quotas at 45,000, with State reserves of 5,000 and national . reserve of 7,500. The reductions in State quotas and reserves are on a pro rata basis.
The August quota is withdrawn entirely and a new allotment for that month will be announced later.
22
★ VICTORY ★
July 21, 1942
PRICE ADMINISTRATION ...
OP A relieves N. Y. retail stores squeezed between milk cost and low ceilings
In order to afford temporary relief to a minor portion of the New York metropolitan area’s 26,000 retail food stores which were caught with abnormally low March 1942 ceiling prices for fluid whole milk in glass or paper containers, Price Administrator Henderson on July 15 announced an upward adjustment in these retailers’ permissible sales price.
Increases ranging from one-half cent to one cent per quart in their March 1942 ceiling prices set under the general maximum price regulation will be granted to these food stores, depending upon present ceilings. Owing to wholesale milk price increases, effective July 1, the handling margins on milk of these stores either were wiped out entirely or were reduced to approximately one-half cent per quart.
Effective July 16 every store selling a quart of milk in a glass bottle at less than 12 cents was permitted to raise its selling price to that level. Milk in paper containers sold at less than 13 cents per quart was permitted to be raised to that price.
Producer price went up
The general maximum price regulation covers fluid milk at the retail level. It does not cover milk sold either by farmers to the distributor or by the distributor to the retail stores. Hence, while retailers who passed on their cost savings to customers and who sold milk at very low prices were frozen by the general maximum price regulation with very low ceiling prices, their wholesale suppliers were able to, and on July 1 did, raise .their sales prices to stores approximately one-half cent per quart. This wholesale price increase was timed to coincide with a like producer price advance under Federal Milk Order No. 27, governing milk prices to producers on the New York market. This merely brought the farmers’ price back to $3.10 per hundred pounds for Class I milk from the $2.85 level to which it had declined on a temporary seasonal basis during April, May, and June.
In considering this situation, OPA has studied the advisability of rolling back the wholesale prices of milk distributors as an alternative to making an adjustment at the retail level. It is emphasized
that the adjustment decided upon by the Administrator is temporary only and is subject to revision or cancellation as further investigation may show to be necessary.
★ ★ ★
Retail chain rules changed to permit continuation of uniform-price policies
Procedure by which a chain of retail stores operating with an established uni-form-price policy may continue this policy in setting ceiling prices under the general maximum price regulation was announced July 13 by Price Administrator Henderson.
The procedure is set forth in Amendment No. 12 to the general maximum price regulation, effective July 15, and offers an alternative means for chain stores to determine maximum prices for merchandise in which any of the stores did not deal during March, the base pricing period.
Old method caused variations
Under the general regulation each store in a chain is a separate seller and must determine its own ceiling prices. If a store did not deal in an article in March, it must determine the maximum price by reference to a similar commodity which it carried in March, or to the same or similar commodity of its most closely competitive store, or by a formula based upon a comparable commodity. This requirement results in wide variations among stores in the chain in ceiling prices on articles which were not carried in March.
Under the new amendment, the management of a chain of retail stores operating with a fixed practice which prevailed in March—of selling at “uniform or substantially uniform” prices for all members of the chain, or for all members in a particular area, may apply to the Retail Trade and Services Division of OPA at Washington for authorization to determine and use uniform maximum prices.
Sellers caught by abnormally low March prices allowed to adjust ceilings
Storekeepers, wholesalers, and manufacturers who had abnormally low prices throughout March as a result of special merchandising deals or temporary price reductions were given relief July 18 by an amendment to the general maximum price regulation permitting quick adjustment of their ceiling prices.
Issuing Amendment No. 14 to the general regulation, Price Administrator Henderson announced that in two circumstances sellers may adjust their own ceiling prices at once to levels prevailing prior to the special sales.
Provides relief
Specifically, the amendment, effective July 21, provides lelief under the following conditions:
1. Any seller, other than a retailer, whose maximum price for a commodity is based on a special deal or other price reduction limited to four months, may raise his maximum to the highest price at which he delivered the commodity during the 30 days immediately preceding the temporary reduction.
2. A retailer whose maximum price for a commodity is reduced as a result of a special deal which his supplier-made available to him may raise his maximum to the highest price at which he delivered the commodity during the 30 days immediately preceding the temporary reduction.
A retailer whose temporary reduction was not based on a special deal provided by his supplier may apply to OPA under section 18 (a) of the general maximum price regulation for adjustment of his maximum price if his ceiling price is abnormally low in relation to his competitors and causes him substantial hardship.
As a check on action taken by sellers, the amendment requires the seller to report any adjustment made by him within 10 days to OPA.
★ ★ ★
Sales of articles made by blind exempted from GMPR
Sales by nonprofit agencies for the blind of articles manufactured by blind persons are excluded from the provisions of the general maximum price regulation, Price Administrator Henderson announced July 13.
July 21, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
23
Henderson warns publishers against illegal delivery plans of some newsprint producers
Newspaper and magazine publishers, particularly those in Atlantic coast and Gulfport areas, were warned by Price Administrator Henderson to resist the pressure from newsprint producers who are attempting to collect higher than ceiling prices through an illegal zone delivery scheme.
Maximum prices for newsprint, based on zones of delivery, were established by Maximum Price Regulation No. 130. Port prices for shipments to certain ports are fixed in the regulation on a basis somewhat lower than those established for shipments to surrounding zones.
Under the delivery scheme reported in complaints to OPA, publishers who have been paying port prices are induced to accept newsprint deliveries in nearby, adjacent or surrounding zones and are charged the higher prices established by the regulation for these zones. In addition, the publisher must arrange and pay for the transportation of the shipment from the zone in which he takes delivery to the zone or port where his plant is located. This practice, in effect, automatically punctures the price ceiling and constitutes an evasion and violation of the regulation by the producers as well as the purchasers who agree to buy under such conditions of sale.
★ ★ ★
Special Government contract price system extended
Special procedural regulation No. 6, which permitted speedy handling of requests made under the general maximum price regulation for adjustment of maximum prices’ for commodities or services under Government contracts or subcontracts, has been extended to cover similar applications under all other regulations of OPA.
Under the new procedure, which covers also contracts and subcontracts with Lend-Lease governments, a person holding or about to make one of the contracts may ask OPA for adjustment if he thinks the ceilings threaten to impede production. Then he may sell at the price in his application, but if OPA denies his plea he must restore the difference.
Supplementary order No. 9, making this extension, was effective July 16. In most cases the application form may be filed with OPA regional offices.
Court liquidation sales freed of ceilings, except on machines and scarce goods
Virtually all liquidation sales made under court order by receivers, trustees in bankruptcy and similar judicial agents were exempted July 15 from Federal price regulation, by the Office of Price Administration.
The exemption is contained in Supplementary Order No. 10, but does not apply to sales of new and second-hand machines and machine tools, farm equipment, or scarce commodities which are subject to Government rationing or allocation.
Doesn’t apply to continuing business
Neither does the exemption apply to sales by a trustee in bankruptcy, receiver, administrator, executor, fiduciary, or other officer of a court engaged in continuing a business under court order, nor to sales by sheriffs, constables, bailiffs or marshals.
“This exemption will free courts of a
Canners using delivered price get formula
Tn order to enable vegetable canners who customarily sold their products on a prepaid freight allowed or delivered price basis to continue to sell on this basis, Price Administrator Henderson has provided a price ceiling formula for use by the limited number of operators utilizing these sales practices.
The new pricing formula, contained in Amendment No. 3 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 152, effective July 13, 1942, will not represent either an increase or a decrease in price “straight across the board” to, vegetable canners, as compared with the March 1942 levels. As in the case of the original canned vegetable formula, which utilizes an f. o. b. factory price, ceilings will vary with the individual canner, some coming out higher and others lower than the average ceiling price.
The Price Administrator added that the average of canners’ maximum prices will not be lifted by permitting canners to continue their custom of selling on a delivered price basis, nor will it tend to exert any upward pressure on March retail or wholesale ceilings.
The new formula may be used only by those canners who sold a particular brand during 1941 on a delivered basis.
heavy administrative burden without resulting in upward pressure on other prices,” Price Administrator Henderson said.
Receivers and similar agents ordinarily have no particular knowledge of the business under liquidation, he added,” and they frequently would find it impossible to assemble the information as to which articles and lots are under ceiling.
These commodities still under regulation
Commodities which remain subject to price regulation are as follows:
New or second-hand machine tools; new or second-hand machines and parts having an appraised value of more than $250; farm equipment; second-hand farm equipment having an appraised value in excess of $100; and commodities the sale or transfer of which is subject to rationing, allocation or limitation orders, such as rubber tires, sugar, gasoline, household refrigerators, aluminum scrap, copper and the like.
Supplementary Order No. 10 was effective July 20.
Tentative pricing allowed for machine tool contracts
To speed the war effort, makers of new machine tools have been authorized to enter into contracts and make deliveries at prices above established maximum levels while awaiting formal rulings from OPA on the petitions they must file when they seek increased prices.
This authority was granted in Amendment No. 12, effective as of June 23,1943, to Revised Price Schedule No. 67.
The new amendment provides that upon the filing of a petition requesting an, increase in price, the maker of new machine tools may enter into contracts for and make deliveries of tools at the increased prices requested in the petition without awaiting approval of the petition by OPA. If the petition is denied in whole or in part, however, the contract price must be revised downward.
Church goods ban relaxed
The prohibition against the use of restricted material in church goods does not apply to silk that was woven or knitted into cloth or other finished products on or before June 13, 1942.
24★ VICTORY ★July 21, 1942
OP A adds over 1700 cotton products to group with dollars-and-cents ceilings
More than seventeen hundred individual dollars-and-cents ceiling prices, chiefly at manufacturing levels, for terry towels, cotton and cotton mixture blankets, corduroys and other products were established July 13 by Price Administrator Henderson.
Through Amendment No. 6 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 118 (Cotton Products) OPA continued its program of replacing with specific maximum prices the general pricing formula under the regulation. The cotton fabrics priced are various types of terry cloth Jgwels, wash cloths,, bath mats, and toweling; cotton, cotton and 5 percent wool, and cotton, wool and rayon blankets; corduroy fabrics, cottonades, whipcords and a miscellaneous group of “carded-yarn fancies.”
1,280 terry products
The most important .groups covered are terry products, with about 1,280 types, styles and sizes, and blankets and related cloths, with some 350 different descriptions.
The amendment took effect on July 13, 1942, except with respect to blankets, blanketing, and blanket-robe cloth. For those products the new ceilings are effective as of May 4.
Prices supplied July 13 represent the fourth group of such specific ceilings since the Administrator issued Regulation No. 118 last April.
Formula still applies to others
The original formula still applies to the goods for which no definite prices have been provided.
Dollars-and-cents prices now being supplied are based on detailed reports of sales made during the mid-summer base period received from manufacturers and selling agents. In some instances the weighted average prices, adjusted for cotton content, have been maintained. In others, where prices during the base period for certain fabrics were found by OPA to have been unrepresentative of the general market, further adjustments have been made. In practically all such instances the specific prices resulting are lower than those which prevailed in March and April 1942 before Regulation 118 was issued.
The July 13 amendment also provides for provisional pricing of goods covered by Regulation 118 when destined for a war procurement agency of the Govern-
ment during the interim in which OPA is considering petitions for adjustment.
Under this paragraph, any person who has entered or proposed to enter into a contract with a war procurement agency, or a subcontract under such a contract, and who believes that the applicable maximum price established by Regulation 118 impedes or threatens to impede the production of a commodity which is essential to the war program, may file an application for adjustment of the ceiling. Contracts or subcontracts may then be entered into and deliveries made at the price requested in the application. Final settlement, however, must be made in accordance with the OPA order issued in connection with the application.
★ ★ ★
Amendment unravels snarls in wool pricing
Methods by which ceiling prices may be determined for actual grease wool delivered in the grease wool futures market conducted by the Wool Associates of the New York Cotton Exchange, Inc., Avere announced July 16 by OPA.
Amendment No. 6 to Revised Price Schedule No. 58, as amended (Wool and Wool Tops and Yarns) makes clear that no person may tender delivery of actual grease wool on the Exchange against a future selling contract if the selling price of that contract was higher than the maximum price which would be applicable to the sale of the same wool by the same seller on the spot market. It took effect July 20,1942.
Wool holder has alternative
Furthermore, provision is made so as to avoid the inequities which could arise if a person accepted tender of actuals on the Exchange at the seller’s individual maximum price but which is higher than the acceptor of the wool could dispose of it at his own ceiling determined under the schedule. In such case, the person’s maximum for the resale of that wool is either his own ceiling or the price at which he purchased the futures contract against which delivery was made, whichever price is higher.
The ceiling price for grease wool futures under the schedule is 103.5 cents per pound.
Ceiling prices set on seasonal veneer containers made in West
Seasonal veneer containers produced in those States known to the industry as the “Western area” have been placed under the provisions of Maximum Price Regulation No. 160, Seasonal Wooden Agricultural Containers, Price Administrator Henderson announced July 14.
As originally issued this specific maximum price schedule, which became effective June 6, applied to seasonal wooden containers used for agricultural purposes except those produced in the so-called Western area.
The extension of the provisions of the regulation to seasonal veneer containers manufactured in the West was contained in Amendment No. 2 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 160, Seasonal Wooden Agricultural Containers. The amendment was effective July 16.
The net result of the amendment, he explained, is to place all seasonal wooden containers not included in the proposed Western Agricultural Container Regulation under the provisions of Maximum Price Regulation No. 160. This regulation does not establish specific maximum prices but provides manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers with a formula for determining maximum prices.
Celling prices for manufacturers are computed on the basis of a formula which is designed to convert, off-season prices of the first three months of 1942 into maximum prices by the device of adding to the 1942 offseason prices the margin of last year’s on-season over off-season prices. '
The maximum price for wholesalers and retailers is the seller’s average cost for this season’s containers plus the margin of his last season’s average price above his last season’s average cost.
★ ★ ★
Reporting requirement lifted on some cotton grey goods
Elimination of the requirement for monthly reports of sales and deliveries of combed grey cotton goods for which ceilings are not established by Revised Price Schedule No. 11 (Fine Cotton Grey Goods) was announced July 17 by Price Administrator Henderson.
The action was taken through Amendment No. 3 in response to a petition for amendment filed by Wamsutta Mills, New Bedford, Mass.
July 21, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
25
Nearly all southern pine lumber goes under ceilings of dollars-and-cents type
Dollars-and-cents maximum prices for those items of lumber produced from shortleaf yellow pine not previously subject to specific ceilings, as well as to lumber produced from longleaf yellow pine, which up to the present has been priced under the general maximum price regulation, were announced July 14 by OPA.
As a result, almost all southern pine lumber production is now subject to specific dollars-and-cents prices. Formulas for determining maximum prices are provided for the relatively few items not covered by specific ceilings.
The extension of dollars and cents maximums for southern pine lumber was accomplished by amending Revised Price Schedule No. 19, which established ceilings for about 75 percent of shortleaf pine production, and reissuing it as Maximum Price Regulation No. 19, Southern Pine Lumber. The new regulation became effective July 18, 1942.
Refers only to shipments from mill
In common with the other regulations dealing with lumber, the reissued regulation establishes maximum prices only for shipments which originate at a mill as set forth in the regulation.
As regards shortleaf yellow pine lumber, the schedule contains specific prices for that 25 percent of total production not covered by Price Schedule No. 19 as originally issued, Price Administrator Henderson explained. The prices for these items, which constitute an annual production of about 2,000,000,000 board feet, have been established at the October 1-15, 1941 level.
The maximum prices for longleaf yellow pine lumber are set by the schedule at the March 1942 level, or the same base period of the general maximum price regulation under which they previously were priced.
★ ★ ★
OPA offers to free pool cars in trade for more suitable ones
Release of automobiles from the Government reserve pool in exchange for others of lower price or greater passenger capacity is provided for in Amendment No. 9 to the new passenger automobile rationing regulations, issued July 16 by Price Administrator Leon Henderson. (Effective date July 16.)
Some military and other special fabrics removed from finished piece goods rule
Several groups of fabrics and certain classes of sellers are exempted from Max-imum Price Regulation No. 127 (Finished Piece Goods) under the terms of Amendment No. 6 to this order, announced July 14 by Price Administrator Henderson.
The amendment transfers a specified list of fabrics produced under military specifications to Regulation 157 (Textiles, Apparel and Related Items for Military Purposes) while other groups of fabrics and sellers are removed from Regulation 127 and placed under the general maximum price regulation.
Other changes in pricing methods
Also provided are an adjustment of the “division factor” used in establishing ceilings on jacquard fabrics, a change in the method by which an independent converter determines his basic grey goods costs, a means whereby producers of fabrics used in high priced dresses may petition for an adjustment of ceiling prices, and a premium for the sale of cut lengths of piece goods.
The amendment became effective July 14.
Goods for the Armed Services
The Administrator has found that it is in the interest of the war effort to subject certain finished fabrics to Regulation 157 which is specifically designed to accomplish price regulation of certain military supplies with the least possible interruption of or interference with their flow to the Armed Services. The present amendment effects this transfer from Regulation 127 for the following 14 types of finished piece goods made to the specifications listed below:
1. 8.2 combed uniform twill (P. Q. D.
No. 33-A).
2. Bleached and shrunk twill (27 T 25).
3. Shrunk khaki suiting (Marine Corps Specification Nov. 22, 1937).
4. 6 oz. combed twill (P. Q. D. No.
95).
5. Wind resistant cloth (P. Q. D. No. 1).
6. Lining twill (6-100B).
7. Mosquito netting (P. Q. D. No.
8. Balloon cloth (27 C 13 INT).
9. Balloon cloth (6-39-G). .
10. Airplane cloth (AN-CCC-C-399).
11. Marine shirting (Marine Corps Specification April 18, 1934, Revised to March 10, 1942).
12. Rubberized fabric (M 54)..
13. Black lining twill (27 L 6).
14. Balloon cloth substitute (Specifications described In invitation Neg. 336).
These goods became subject to Regulation 157 on July 15, 1942.
Exemptions of fabrics
Four types of fabrics are exempted from Regulation 127 and placed under the general maximum price regulation. OPA investigation has disclosed that the pricing formula
provided by the regulation is inapplicable and that the quantity produced and marketed is too small to permit operations to continue under the terms of the order.
The following types are affected, within certain limits:
Ecclesiastical fabrics; metallic fabrics; loom-finished fabrics; woven or printed decorative pattern fabrics, composed in an amount of 75 percent or more by weight of synthetic yarn which pattern fabrics are sold exclusively to necktie manufacturers.
Exemptions of sellers
The following classes of sellers are exempted from the operation of Regulation 127:
(1) Furrier suppliers, engaged in supplying to persons who manufacture, alter and repair fur coats and jackets, the lining material and other supplies required by such persons.
(2) Custom shirtmakers* supply houses, a small group of merchandising establishments engaged in supplying custom shirtmakers with the materials necessary to their operation.
(3) Women’s shoe fabrics suppliers.
(4) Tailor trimming stores which supply finished piece goods in cut lengths of specified yardage and other supplies to tailors engaged in the production of individually ordered items of apparel or in their repair and alteration.
(5) Dressmakers’ supply houses.
(6) Milliners’ supply houses.
Must register first
In exempting these sellers and placing them wider the general maximum price regulation, the Administrator found that the costs of operation of these establishments are such that the regulation does not permit continued operation under its provisions. Registration is required before the exemption becomes effective.
★ ★ ★
OPA corrects wording of decorative fabrics ceiling
The method by which a person other than a manufacturer of woven decorative fabrics establishes his ceiling price under Maximum Price Regulation No. 39 was clarified through Amendment No. 1 which corrects an inadvertent error in the regulation.
In sellers price list
For the sale by such a person, chiefly a converter or jobber, the maximum price is corrected to read “105 percent of the price quoted for the same pattern of the same construction in the seller’s price list in effect on November 10, 1941, to a purchaser of the same general class.”
As originally issued this section (b) (1) of appendix B referred to the “same construction in the manufacturer’s price list.”
The amendment took effect July 16.
26
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July 21, 1942
TT"
OPA takes steps to speed output of aircraft spruce and fir
Two measures to encourage a maximum output of aircraft spruce logs and aircraft fir—highly specialized products now used both in combat and in training plane production—were taken July 11 by Price Administrator Henderson.
By an amendment (No. 2) to Maximum Price Regulation No. 26, Douglas Fir and Other West Coast Lumber, the Administrator provided that:
1. Existing contracts for the delivery of aircraft fir to Lend-Lease purchasers and to the Military Services are not subject to the maximum prices established for aircraft fir in Maximum Price Regulation No. 26 and delivery may be made at contract prices.
2. For the 60 day period July 10, 1942, to September 10, 1942, sellers of aircraft fir may enter into contracts for delivery of the product at prices higher than the established maximum and deliveries may be made at these prices pending action by OPA on the seller’s application to charge higher than ceiling prices. Applications for authority to exceed the maximum prices in contracts are to be filed with the Washington office of OPA in accordance with Procedural Regulation 6.
The second measure announced July 11 amends Maximum Price Regulation No. 161—West Coast logs, to permit the use of full ceiling prices for Sitka spruce logs, source of aircraft spruce lumber, regardless of the point of delivery. Under the price regulation for these logs ceiling prices were subject in some cases to a deduction of transportation costs to the waters of Puget Sound, Columbia River, or Grays Harbor.
Mr. Henderson stated that the waiving of this provision will encourage the delivery of spruce from parts of Oregon and other sections where there are reserves of spruce.
The amendment (No. 1) to Maximum Price Regulation No. 161 was effective July 10.
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New wallboards priced
for Buffalo company
The National Gypsum Co. of Buffalo, N. Y., manufacturer of gypsum board and fiber insulation board, has been provided with a -formula for establishing maximum prices for certain new wallboards which will be used in constructing exterior and interior walls and buildings for the United States Army, the OPA announced July 11.
The pricing formula, which covers several commodities, is contained in Order No. 26 under Section 3 (b) of the general maximum price regulation.
REALTORS CAN’T COLLECT RENTS OVER CEILINGS
A restraining order enjoining Baldwin Bros., Erie, Pa., realtors, from collecting rents in excess of the legally established ceilings for the Erie defense-rental area and otherwise violating the provisions of rent regulations was secured July 13 in Pittsburgh, Pa., by the OPA in the court room of Judge F. P. Shoonmaker of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania.
It was the first action of its kind to be brought under OPA rent regulations.
In the complaint, OPA attorneys charged that Baldwin Bros., operators of about 1,000 housing units in the city of Erie and Erie County, demanded rent payments ranging from $3 to $5 above the maximums charged on March 1,1942, the date set for legal rent ceilings in the Erie district.
In asking for an order preventing violations in any respect, OPA attorneys forestalled possible legal action, allowable under Pennsylvania law, which permits landlords to levy on furniture for back rents.
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Room registration postponed for 75 defense-rental areas
Registration by landlords of rooms in hotels and rooming houses in the 75 Defense-Rental Areas now under Federal regulations has been postponed, Price Administrator Henderson announced July 14.
The registration was scheduled to begin about July 15. Delay in printing the necessary forms caused the postponement.
It is expected that the forms will be ready in time to complete the registration by August 15, the expiration date of the period stipulated at the time the regulation for hotels and rooming houses was issued.
★ . ★ ★
Henry Hart named OPA associate general counsel
Appointment of Henry M. Hart, Jr., as associate general counsel of the OPA was announced July 11 by David Ginsburg, general counsel.
Mr. Hart will correlate the activities of the legal division’s four price sections: food and apparel, general products, industrial materials, equipment, and fuel, and retail trades and services.
Maximum prices set on composition ventilating product
A schedule of maximum prices for a new composition duct material for use in ventilating systems, which will replace vitally needed metals, has been established, Price Administrator Henderson announced July 14. The new product will be used for conducting air in heating and cooling systems.
The composition duct product was developed by the Chrysler Airtemp Sales Corporation* and, being an entirely new product, has been priced under Section 3 (b) of the general maximum price regulation. The suggested list of prices and discounts for the product, as submitted by the Chrysler Airtemp Sales Corporation, has been tentatively approved as the maximum prices by the OPA, Mr. Henderson stated. As is the case in most products priced under Section 3 (b), for which there is no satisfactory production experience and price history, the maximum prices are approved subject to revision when complete cost of production figures are available.
The establishment of these maximum prices was contained in Order No. 30, Maximum Prices Authorized Under Section 1499.3 (b) of the general maximum price regulation. The schedules became effective'July 14.
Complete listing of the maximum prices for the new product has not been included in the order, it was explained, but prices will be available at all regional and field offices of the OPA.
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Top price set on fluorspar crude ore
The Navajo Fluorspar Mines, of Grants, N. Mex., has been granted authority by the OPA to sell fluorspar crude ore having a 70 percent CaF₂ content on a dry basis at a maximum price of $10.00 per net ton, f. o. b. Grants, N. Mex.
Maximum prices could not be established for the company’s production of this grade of fluorspar ore under § 1376.1 (a) (1) and (2) of Maximum Price Regulation No. 126 (Fluorspar) as neither the company nor any other producer in its area previously shipped crude fluorspar ore to eastern processing mills.
The establishment of a ceiling price for this particular grade of ore produced by the Navajo Fluorspar Mines was contained in Order No. 4 under Maximum Price Regulation No. 126. The order was effective July 15.
July 21, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
27
Substitute paint brush given maximum price
A maximum price for a paint applicator designed to meet the shortage of bristle paint brushes has been authorized by the OPA.
Since neither the applicator, which consists of a thin metal cylinder 6" long and %" in diameter, with an appropriate handle and a removable sleeve over the cylinder, nor a comparable product were sold in March 1942, the manufacturer, the Glidden Company of Cleveland, Ohio, applied for the determination of a maximum price under Section 3 (b) of the general maximum price regulation.
At manufacturing level
The maximum prices suggested by the company were 85 cents per applicator and sleeve and 40 cents for a replacement sleeve in sales to dealers. As these prices are in line with those for the nearest comparable products sold in March, they were approved by the OPA in Order No. 27 under the general maximum price regulation. The order was effective July 13.
These prices are at the manufacturing level only, and wholesale and retail maximums must be determined in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 (a) of the general regulation.
ₓ ★ ★ ★
Top price set on firm’s new model oil range
The maximum price at which the A. J. Lindemann & Hoverson Co., Milwaukee, Wis., may sell its new Model E-596 oil range is established at $27.22 f. o. b. factory by Order No. 9 under Revised Price Schedule No. 64 (Domestic Cooking and Heating Stoves) issued July 11 by Price Administrator Leon Henderson.
The maximum price is subject to discounts, allowances and terms no less favorable than those in effect for the sales of Model D-595, formerly in the company’s line and the model most comparable to the new range.
The chief difference between the new model and D-595 is a modernization of appearance. Other improvements in oven linings and the method of raising the burners have been included.
Unit cost for the two models show that the maximum price for the new model is based on a lower percentage mark-up over cost than in the case of the top price established by the schedule for Model D-595. In dollars and cents figures, the prices for both models are the same.
The order became effective July 13.
OPEN-PRICING ON CHRISTMAS CARDS
A price regulation which will establish a method by which manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers of Christmas greeting cards will be able to compute their maximum prices for this type of merchandise will be issued in advance of the fall retail selling season, Price Administrator Henderson announced July 15.
The Administrator also announced that manufacturers and wholesalers may set tentative prices for greeting cards pending the issuance of the regulation. In all purchases, where such tentative prices are set, however, the purchasers must be clearly notified that the prices are tentative and as such may be reduced if found to be in excess of those established by the regulation when it is issued.
★ ★ ★
Textile order 157 effective
July 1, says Henderson
There has been no postponement in the July 1, 1942, effective date of Maximum Price Regulation No. 157 (Sales and Fabrication of Textiles, Apparel and Related Items for Military Purposes) Price Administrator Henderson stated July 13 in order to correct an apparent widespread misunderstanding in the trade that the effective date of the regulation had been delayed until July 15.
No postponement is contemplated at the present time, according to the Administrator. Furthermore, the order continues to remain in effect with respect to the commodities covered.
★ ★ ★
Sales of industrial diamonds subject to GM PR
Sales and deliveries of industrial diamonds are subject to the general maximum price regulation, Price Administrator Henderson announced July 14.
A clarifying amendment specifically excluding Industrial diamonds from the category of “precious stones” which are exempt from the regulation, became effective July 14.
The new measure is titled Amendment No. 13 to the general maximum price regulation.
Premiums cut on small lot sales of green coffee
Premiums on small lot sales of green coffee—25 bags or less—have been reduced to 3 percent of the maximum selling price, as compared with the 7^ percent figure allowed previously, Price Administrator Henderson announced July 14.
Amendment No. 2 to Revised Price Schedule No. 50 (Green Coffee), affecting this and several other changes in coffee merchandising practices, became effective July 18.
The original 7% percent premium was higher than the additional cost of marketing small lot sales. The OPA purposely made this premium attractive at that time in order to afford the importer incentive pricewise to keep small roasters supplied.
However, now, under WPB Order M-63, equitable distribution of coffee by importers and jobbers must be made to all classes of buyers. This adequately protects the small roaster.
★ ★ ★
Top price set on sale of 148 ice chests by Maryland firm
The maximum price for the sale of 148 ice chests by the Miller Metal Products Company, Baltimore, Md., to the Farm Security Administration is established at $15.00 per unit f. o. b. McAllen, Tex., in Order No. 25 under Section-1499.3 (b) of the general maximum price regulation, issued July 11 by Price Administrator Henderson.
The approved price is the one which the company bid to FSA. The chests, which are to be used ultimately by itinerant farm workers, will be manufactured at a loss by the company. The bid price reflects a much lower mark-up over direct costs than in the case of other products dealt in by the company during March 1942.
The order became effective July 13.
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Perkins succeeds Macy in paper products branch
Donald H. Wallace, director of the industrial manufacturing price division of the OPA, July 15 announced the appointment of James A. Perkins of Philadelphia as price executive of the paper and paper products branch.
Mr. Perkins succeeds Robert M. Macy.
28
★ VICTORY ★
July 21, 1942
TRANSPORTATION...
75 percent return load limit for trucks canceled, other revisions pending
A revision of General Order ODT No. 3, governing over-the-road operations of motortrucks by common carriers, was issued July 14 by ODT Director Eastman.
The revised order, establishing a more flexible standard for conservation of such transport equipment, takes effect August 1.
Load provisions modified
The ODT announced at the same time that a provision of the original order requiring trucks to be loaded to at least 75 percent of capacity on return trips has been canceled. Similar provisions in General Orders ODT 4 and 5, governing operation of trucks by contract and private carriers in over-the-road service, also have been canceled. Revisions of these orders are to be issued shortly, the ODT announced.
Under General Order 3, as revised, all trucks affected by the order must carry a capacity load over a “considerable portion” of the trip out or the trip back.
Trucks may be operated by common carriers with less than a capacity load or empty over a portion of the trip out or back only if, after exercising “due diligence” as defined by the order, the owner or driver is unable to comply with the requirements of the order.
The exercise of “due diligence” will include checking with Joint Information Offices being established in various cities pursuant to General Order No. 13 or checking with other carriers individually, in the event there is no such service available, in an effort to obtain a load.
These steps may be taken by the owner of a truck or his driver or other representative. In the event no load is obtained for a truck for a contemplated trip, the owner or his representative must make an effort to lease the truck to another carrier capable of using it in a manner that would be in accordance with the objectives of the order.
Must not exceed 40 miles an hour
Only when all efforts to obtain a load and to lease a truck to another carrier have failed, may a truck be operated empty or partially loaded over a part of the outgoing or incoming trip.
Another major revision limits trucks operated by common carriers in over-
the-road service to a maximum speed of 40 miles an hour as a means of saving tires and prolonging the life of engines and running parts.
As in the original order, the capacity of a truck is to be determined by the loadcarrying ability of the tires, less the weight of the truck. The rated loadcarrying ability of all types of truck tires, as well as passenger car tires used on trucks, is set forth in an appendix.
Loading requirements do not apply to trucks transporting high explosives, trucks operated under the direction of the armed forces of the Federal or State governments, trucks engaged exclusively in the transportation of repair or service men and their equipment and supplies, trucks operated exclusively in the maintenance of public utilities, trucks operated in emergencies exclusively for the protection or preservation of life, health or public safety, and trucks engaged in sanitation services.
★ ★ ★
ODT takes further steps to put bus services on wartime basis
Two more special orders and an amendment to a previous special order have been issued by the ODT in its program for Nation-wide conservation of intercity bus equipment.
Special Order ODT B-7 affects bus service between Philadelphia, Pa., and Rehoboth Beach, Del., and between Philadelphia and Salisbury, Md. Special Order ODT No. B-8 affects service between New York City and points in Ulster and Sullivan Counties, N. Y.
Companies affected by Order B-7 are the Short Line, Inc., of Pennsylvania; Red Star Motor Coaches, Inc., and Pennsylvania Greyhound Unes, Inc. Those affected by Order B-8 are Royal Cadillac Service, Inc., and Crescent Express Unes, Inc.
Each order requires the companies affected to honor each other’s tickets, stagger schedules and, wherever practicable, to eliminate duplicate depot facilities and ticket agencies.
The new orders and the amendment to Order B-5 took effect July 15.
Fleet cars must apply for fleet gasoline rations, says OP A
Fleet passenger automobiles or motorcycles registering for gas rations under the new coupon plan must apply for fleet rations, OPA officials said July 14.
Not entitled to basic ration
Any vehicle is considered to be part of a fleet, OPA officials explained, if it is one of four or more vehicles of the same general type (passenger automobiles, motorcycles, trucks, buses, etc.) owned or leased by, and operated by, the same person and used principally in connection with the same occupation.
Under the gasoline rationing regulations no basic ration may be issued for use in a fleet passenger automobile or motorcycle since the basic “A” ration book provides for l,08C miles of non-occupational driving a year. Fleet vehicles are not entitled to any nonoccupa-tional mileage.
Get “B” or “C” books
The fact that a salesman, for example, is permitted to make personal use of a company owned fleet car does not warrant issuance of a basic ration, OPA explained.
An application for a fleet passenger automobile or motorcycle ration may cover one or more vehicles, and may be made by an agent. Boards will issue fleet rations through “B” or “C” books, or both.
For ordinary occupational use a fleet car is eligible for a “B” book, which as a fleet ration will provide a maximum of 470 miles a month. By varying the expiration date the Board may make the “B” book last for a longer period for vehicles requiring less than the maximum ration.
To be eligible for “C” books, fleet vehicles must show need in excess of 470 miles a month and also belong to the preferred mileage group of users.
Any basic “A” rations erroneously obtained for use with fleet vehicles should be surrendered to a local Board, OPA said. This may be done at the time application is made for a fleet ration.
★ ★ ★
APPOINTMENTS
ODT Director Eastman, July 11, announced the appoinment of A. R. Ma-haney, of Pittsburgh, Pa., to succeed the late Arch George Warren as assistant director of the division of traffic movement in charge of the section of traffic channels.
Also announced was the appointment of Fred L. Yeater, of St. Louis, Mo., as chief of the traffic flow unit.
July 21, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
29
ODT reports rapid gains in conservation by car pooling and better traffic control
The war transportation program sponsored by the ODT for the conservation of tires and more efficient use of public transit facilities is making rapid progress, according to a report to ODT Director Eastman.
Most States active
The report was made by Thomas H. MacDonald, Commissioner of Public Roads and chairman of the highway traffic advisory 'committee to the War Department, which assumed responsibility for national direction of the program at Mr. Eastman’s request.
War transportation programs have been instituted or are in the process of being organized in all States as a result of Mr. Eastman’s request to the Governors and to the mayors and other chief executives of all cities, towns and boroughs of 10,000 persons or more, Mr. MacDonald said.
Among the first States to complete organization of war transportation programs, the report disclosed, were California, Indiana, Michigan, and New York.
More than 500 State and local war transportation administrators had been appointed by July 1, Mr. MacDonald reported.
Complete inventory to be made of drive-yourself auto rentals
The ODT was informed July 11 that the American Drivurself Association, representing about 200 of the 500-odd drive-yourself companies now operating in the United States, has completed plans for a survey of the facilities and operating conditions of the entire automobile rental industry.
This constitutes the first attempt to make a complete inventory of the equip-, ment of the drive-yourself business, and is in line with ODT’s policy of obtaining a close check on vehicles being operated for public use.
The car renters are being asked to list all tires, inner tubes, and spares in their possession, together with the approximate operating mileage remaining in the tires.
The survey will start nationally on July 15, and will continue until July 31.
The ODT-inspired war transportation program includes three principal steps— group riding in private automobiles, staggering of hours, and improvement in local traffic regulations.
Staggered hours already have been instituted to varying extents, in 43 cities, and surveys preparatory to staggering hours are in progress in 42 others, Mr. MacDonald reported. ,
Industry-promoted group riding programs also are producing results, the report added. Cars driven to and from the Glenn Martin airplane plant near Baltimore. Md., are now carrying an average of 4.3 persons, as compared with 2.6 persons per car before the first of the year. In Rhode Island, the report stated, cars are carrying an average of approximately 3 workers.
Some committees have legal status
Several of the State war transportation committees have been given legal status by their State legislatures, and appropriations to finance their work. Two ordinances have been passed in Kansas City, one giving legal status to the local administrator and the other authorizing group riding.
Tank trucks exempt from ODT 6 until August 1
Tank trucks will continue to be exempt from provisions of General Order ODT No. 6, governing operations of trucks used in local delivery service, until August 1, the ODT announced July 14.
The exemption is contained in General Permit ODT No. 6-8.
★ ★ ★
Eastman appeals to travelers to limit bags carried
So serious has the baggage problem on railroad passenger trains become that ODT Director Eastman July 15 appealed to travelers to limit themselves to one bag wherever possible.
Industrial alcohol reported moving quickly to new smokeless powder, synthetic rubber plants
The transportation system set up in recent months to feed industrial alcohol in unprecedented quantities to newly-built smokeless powder and synthetic rubber plants is functioning smoothly and efficiently, the ODT reported July 15.
Comprehensive plan worked out
The tremendous wartime increase in the Nation’s output of industrial alcohol, brought about through expansion of industrial alcohol plants and conversion of the whiskey distilling industry to industrial alcohol production, made it necessary to work out, virtually from the ground up, à comprehensive plan for the movement of raw materials and finished alcohol by tank truck and railroad tank car.
The program called for transportation of large quantities of blackstrap molasses from Gulf ports and grain from the West to industrial alcohol plants on the eastern seaboard and in the Middlewest, for the movement of “high wines”—140 to 160 proof alcohol made in whiskey distilleries—to industrial alcohol plants for rectifying into 190 proof, and for the shipment of the finished alcohol to smokeless powder and synthetic rubber plants.
★ ★ ★
LOCAL APPEAL BOARDS NAMED
Appointment of two more local appeal boards in connection with the commercial-vehicle rationing program of the ODT was announced July 11.
Fourteen boards now have been appointed, leaving only three yet to be named. The local boards will pass on appeals from decisions of local allocation officers of the division of motor transport, ODT, previously handled by the special Washington Appeal Board.
Boards announced July 11 and the areas they will serve are:
District No. 9—Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota; headquarters at Minneapolis, Minn.
District No. 16—Northern California and Nevada: headquarters at San Francisco, Calif.
30
★ VICTORY ★
July 21, 1942
Landing and discovery of the saboteurs:
Coast Guard tells how lone man saw Nazis on beach in fog and dark, heard engines at sea, and pretended to take a bribe
The United States Coast Guard on July 15 made public the details of the story of John C. Cullen, the 21-year-old seaman, second class, who discovered the Nazi saboteurs landed on the beach at Amagansett, L. I., and sounded the alarm that led to their eventual capture.
These details come from official files of the Coast Guard. The information was assembled before the start of the present trial of the saboteurs and hence does not violate the rule of secrecy imposed by Maj. Gen. Frank R. McCoy, president of the special military commission conducting the trial.
Sighted three while on patrol
Cullen’s story disclosed the youth at one time feared he was about to be hypnotized by a saboteur. It also disclosed that the Nazis, in giving him the bribe he pretended to accept, short-changed him $40.
On the night of the landing, Cullen left his station at midnight for the 6-mile east patrol. The weather was thick, visibility poor. He had covered only 300 yards when he saw three men. One of them was in civilian clothes and the other two were in bathing suits. The man who was dressed was on the shore. The other two were in water up to their knees.
Cullen called out, “What’s the trouble?”
Nobody answered. The man on shore started toward Cullen.
Cullen called again, “Who are you?”
There was no answer. The man kept advancing.
“A couple of fishermen”
Cullen reached to his hip pocket for a flashlight. The foremost man saw the motion, and, apparently thinking the coast guardsman was reaching for a gun, cried out, “Wait a minute. Are you coast guard?”
Cullen answered, “Yes. Who are you?”
“A couple of fishermen from Southampton who have run aground.”
“Come up to the station and wait for daybreak.”
Cullen recalled later that the weather seemed to get worse and the fog closed in.
The spokesman snapped, “Wait a minute—you don’t know what’s going on. How old are you? Have you a father and
mother? I wouldn’t want to have to kill you.”
One of the men in a bathing suit came up through the fog, dragging a bag. He started to speak in German.
Cullen spoke up. “What’s, in the bag? Clams?”
Cullen knew there were no clams foi miles around.
The man in civilian clothes said, “Yes; that’s right.”
Cullen’s pretended gullibility appeared to influence him. In a friendly voice he said, “Why don’t you forget the whole thing? Here is some money. One hundred dollars.”
Cullen said, “I don’t want it.”
The man took some more bills out of his wallet. “Then take three hundred dollars.”
Cullen thought fast. He answered, “O. K.”
As Cullen explained to his superiors later, he said he was afraid he might be hypnotized. The stranger insisted. Cullen braced himself and looked directly at the man. Nothing happened, to Cullen’s relief. As he looked at him, the stranger kept repeating, “Would you recognize me if you saw me again? When Cullen finally said “No,” the man appeared satisfied.
Cullen started away and as soon as he was enveloped in the fog he raced to the Coast Guard station and told Carl Ross Jenette, B. M. 2c, who was officer in charge, what had happened. Jenette telephoned the alarm to his superiors, reaching Warrant Officer Oden and Warren Barnes, C. B. M.
Saw boat, prepared to repel invaders
Meanwhile, Jenette had gathered three other men and armed them all and Cullen with 30-caliber rifles. They hurried to the spot on the beach but they could find no trace of the landing.
Jenette posted Cullen and two other men on guard and, with the fourth, started to explore the dunes.
Within 15 minutes after he had received the alarm, Barnes was on the scene to take charge. As he arrived at the spot, he saw, through a rift in the fog, a long, thin object, about 70 feet long, about 150 feet offshore. Cullen is reported to have heard the noise of pow-
erful Diesel engines just offshore. Barnes, fearing a landing, distributed his men behind sand dunes with orders to resist invasion. But fog swallowed up the ship and the noise died away.
At this point, a seaman summoned Cullen back to the station, where he gave a more detailed report to Oden, who was in charge of the Amagansett station and several others. As soon as he could, Cullen started back to the landing spot. On the way, he encountered Jenette’s searching party. They saw a light on a distant dune, but when they got there they could find nothing in the dark.
German clothing unearthed
They returned to the search of the dunes. At this time they heard the chugging of engines again. As Barnes said, “It started with a roar and then became a steady Diesel throb. The boat went in an easterly direction.”
As.dawn broke, Cullen and Barnes found some cigarettes of German manufacture half-buried in the sand. The cigarettes were in silver paper in a cardboard box. About the same time Seaman Brooks discovered a furrow in the sand caused by a dragging object. The searchers followed it to a spot in the sand that seemed wetter than others, as freshly disturbed sand looks.
Coast guards poked a stick into the wet spot and felt something hard. They dug and in a few minutes came upon four cases, two heavy and one light. The heavy one weighed about 70 pounds.
Barnes, meanwhile, had found another wet spot and had dug up some German clothing.
At the station, a seaman opened one of the tins with a can opener and found a large number of pen and pencil sets. A larger box was filled with loose powder and glass tubes—which they concluded were material for incendiary bombs.
F. B. I. men under J. Edgar Hoover took up the chase from there.
July 21, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
31
¡r-^-7/2b
Drawn for Office of War Information.
"At least we don’t have to worry about her leaving to work in an airplane factory.”
V~7O-7/2O
Drawn for Office of War Information.
r-eo-r/M
Drawn for Office of War Information,
W-7/20
Drawn for Office of War Information.
32
★ VICTORY ★
July 21, 1942
Smaller War Plants Corp, “sympathetic” though not a relief agency, says Holland
Following the first meeting of directors of the newly constituted Smaller War Plants Corporation, Chairman Lou E. Holland July 17 issued a statement, excerpts from which follow:
About all I can say at this stage is that we know we have been handed one of the toughest assignments in the War Production Board, and we intend to move deliberately and with caution.
It may well be pointed out right here at the beginning that the act which set up the Smaller War Plants Corporation uses the following language: “to mobilize aggressively the productive capacity of all small business concerns, and to determine the means by which such concerns can be most efficiently and effectively utilized to augment war production.” If we are a first aid outfit, we are primarily to aid war production, and Intend to do that by using the productive capacity of small business concerns.
Further, the act says we are to do certain things .“with a view to insuring that small business concerns will be most efficiently and effectively utilized in the production of articles, equipment, supplies and materials for war and essential civilian purposes.”
These two paragraphs might be summarized by saying that we are to fit Small Business into the stringent war economy wherever we can, if it will aid in the general war effort. It is quite clear that we are, as Mr. Nelson has repeatedly stated, not a relief agency.
But this is not to say that we are not wholly sympathetic to the problems and the plight of Small Business. We are;
and we. believe we shall find ways to spread war work more extensively into the field of Small Business.
For a long time other units of the War Production Board, as well as the procurement agencies of the Army, Navy, and Maritime Commission have been working along these lines and I think we have to find out what has been done to date before we can begin to build a program that will be genuinely helpful.
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War Information sets up office in London
The office of War Information on July 16 announced the establishment of a London office. The move is in conformity with a provision of the executive order setting up the OWI which states that OWI “shall maintain liaison , with the information agencies of the United Nations for the purpose of relating the Government’s informational programs and facilities to those of such nations.”
Archibald MacLeish, Assistant Director of the OWI, James P. Warburg, Deputy Director of the Overseas Branch, and Murry Brophy, chief of the Bureau of Communications Facilities of the Overseas Branch, were to go to London in the near future to set up the office.
It was suggested during debate in the House of Commons on July 7 that the United States establish an information bureau in London to keep the British people better informed about America.
WAR EFFORT INDICES
MANPOWER
National labor force, June________ 56,100,000
Unemployed, June__________________ 2,800, 000
Nonagricultural workers, May______ 41,201,000
Percent increase since June 1940_ **15
Farm employment, July 1, 1942_____ 12,009,000
Percent decrease since June 1940- **1
In millions
FINANCE of dollars)
Authorized program June 1940-
July 15, 1942_____________________ *212,162
Airplanes______________..._______—_ 46,665
Ordnance..___________J_____________ 45, 725
Miscellaneous munitions____________ 32,446
Naval ships------------------------— 18,018
Industrial facilities..____________ 17, 066
Posts, depots, etc----------------- 15,948
Pay, subsistence, travel for the
armed forces_____________________ 14,345
Merchant ships_____________________ 8,494
Stockpile, food exports-----------— 4,851
Housing____________________________ 1.392
Miscellaneous______________________ 7, 212
Total expenditures, June 1940-July 15, 1942_____________;_____________ *37,015
June 1940—May 194%
Authorized program________________ 104, 673
Contracts and other commitments.. 117,900
Expenditures______________________ 30,642
Sales of War Bonds—
Cumulative May 1941-July 15,1942. 7,093
July 1-15, 1942___________________ 436
PLANT EXPANSION
June 1940 to latest reporting date
Gov. commitments for war plant expansion; 1,793 projects, May 31---13,058
Private commitments for war plant expansion; 8,227 projects, May 31— 2, 738
EARNINGS, HOURS, AND COST OF LIVING
Manufacturing industries—
May:
Average weekly earnings. $37.40
Average hours worked per
week_____________•_________ 42.6
Percent increase from June 1940
45.0
13.6
Average hourly earnings. 83. li 23.7
Cost of living (1935-39 = 100): Index
May 1942______________________ 116.0 15.4
June 2, 1942__________________ 115. 9 15.3
♦Preliminary.
* »Adjusted for seasonal variations.
OFFICE FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
Central Administrative Services: Dallas Dort, Director.
Board of War Communications: James Lawrence Fly, Chairman.
National War Labor Board: Wm. H. Davis, Chairman.
Office of Scientific Research and Development: Dr. Vannevar Bush, Director.
Office of Civilian Defense: James M. Landis, Director.
Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs: Nelson Rockefeller, Coordinator.
Office of Defense Health and Welfare Services: Paul V. McNutt, Director.
Office of Defense Transportation: Joseph B. Eastman, Director.
Office of Lend-Lease Administration: E. R. Stettinius, Jr., Administrator.
Office of Price Administration: Leon Henderson, Administrator.
Wayne Coy, Liaison Officer
Office of War Information: Elmer Davis, Director.
Office of Alien Property Custodian: Leo T. Crowley, Custodian.
War Manpower Commission: Paul V. McNutt, Chairman.
War Relocation Authority:. Dillon S. Myer, Director.
War Shipping Administration: Rear Admiral Emory S. Land, U. S. N. (Retired), Admin-* istrator.
War Production Board:
Donald M. Nelson, Chairman.
Henry L. Stimson.
Frank W. Knox.
Jesse H. Jones.
William S. Knudsen.
Sidney Hillman.
Leon Henderson.
Henry A. Wallace.
Harry L. Hopkins.
War Production Board Organization:
Donald M. Nelson, Chairman.
Executive Secretary, G. Lyle Belsley.
William L. Batt, Vice Chairman.
James S. Knowlson, Vice Chairman.
Director General of Operations: Amory Houghton.
Smaller War Plants Corporation: Lou E. Holland, Deputy Chairman.
Labor Production Division: Wendell Lund, Director.
Civilian Supply Division: Leon Henderson, Director.
Requirements Committee : James S. Knowl-son, Chairman.
B. C. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE; 1941