[Victory : Official Weekly Bulletin of the Office of War Information. V. 3, No. 45]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

VICTORY
OFFICIAL WEEKLY BULLETIN OF THE OFFICE OF WAR INFORMATION
WASHINGTON, D, C.
NOVEMBER 10, 1942
VOLUME 3, NUMBER 45
New Controlled Materials Plan allots steel, copper, aluminum for civilians as well as war, by “vertical” system
A long-range plan for controlling the flow of critical materials into war production—the Controlled Materials Plan— was announced November 2 by Donald M. Nelson, chairman of the War Production Board.
Evolved from existing distribution systems and from experience gained through their operation, the CMP has the approval of all governmental agencies participating in it. It was drafted after lengthy conferences with the Army, Navy, Maritime Commission and WPB office of civilian supply as well as representative consumers and producers of materials who contributed many suggestions incorporated in the final version.
To supply right materials at right time
The main purpose of the plan is to make certain that production schedules are adjusted within material supply so that production requirements are met. This will be accomplished by:
Adjusting requirements for critical materials to the supply;
Making the quantity and type of materials needed available at the time required to meet approved programs.
Allotments of critical materials will be made through seven “Claimant Agencies,” such as Army,-Navy, office of civilian supply, etc., to prime contractors producing essential goods. Prime contractors, in turn, will divide the allotments
with their subcontractors and suppliers.
Carbon and alloy steel,* copper and aluminum—the three most basic and critical materials—are the first “Controlled Materials” to be directly allotted under the plan, which becomes effective, in its transitory stage, in the second quarter of 1943 and will be in full operation by July 1.
Companies won’t deal with WPB directly
This method of distributing materials is, in effect, “vertical allotment.” So far as Controlled Materials are concerned, it will gradually replace the present priority system, including the Production Requirements Plan, which is on a horizontal basis.
Under PRP each firm, large or small, prime contractor or subcontractor, submits his own requirements to WPB for approval, and receives an individual authorization to obtain materials.
Under the new CMP, prime contractors wjll prepare and submit a break-down of all materials required for the approved end-products on which they are work-ing. The break-down will comprise a “Bill of Materials” specifying not only what materials are required, but when they must be received to carry out the authorized program.
In making up his Bill of Materials, each prime contractor will include both the materials he puts into production himself, and those needed by his subcon-
(Continued on page 4)
U.S. ARMY ENTERS FRENCH AFRICA AHEAD OF AXIS
Landing of a powerful American army on the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of French North Africa was announced by President Roosevelt as it began 9 p. m. November 7, Washington time, 3 a. m. November 8 in North Africa. Text of the announcement:
In order to forestall an invasion of Africa by Germany and Italy, which if successful, would constitute a direct threat to America across the comparatively narrow sea from Western Africa, a powerful American force equipped with adequate weapons of modern warfare and under American Command is today landing on the Mediterranean and Atlantic Coasts of the French Colonies in Africa. ~~ ■
The landing of this American Army is being assisted by the British Navy and air forces and it will, in the immediate future, be reinforced by a considerable number of divisions of the British Army.
This combined allied force, under American Command, in conjunction with the British campaign in Egypt is designed to prevent an occupation by the Axis armies of any part of Northern or -Western Africa, and to deny to the aggressor nations a starting point from which to launch an attack against the Atlantic Coast of the Americas.
In addition, it provides an effective second front assistance to our heroic allies in Russia.
(Continued on page 32)
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November 10, 1942
VICTORY
OFFICIAL BULLETIN of the Office of War Information, Published weekly by the Office of War Information. Printed at the United States Government Printing Office.
Subscription rates by mail: 750 for 52 Issues; 250 for 13 issues; single copies 50, payable in advance. Remit money order payable directly to the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.
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In this issue \
President announces landing of an American
Anny in Africa________________________ 1
WAR PRODUCTION
New materials control to schedule production of war, civilian goods_— 1, 4, 5
Manufacturers who failed to file PRP papers face scarcities------------- 6
Agreements route war contracts to small plants_____________________________ 7
Stainless steel goes under drastic restrictions ________________________ 8
Plans to recover idle stocks of stainless steel _________.___________________ 9
Details of September production---- 10
81 merchant ships delivered in October_11
RATIONING
Public doing a good job on saving rubber, but not good enough_______________ 12
Everybody to be eligible for tires, but
local quotas will control_____'.____ 13
Local boards asked to name competent tire inspectors________________________ 14
Leading officials join in plea to hold down meat-eating____;__________________ 15
TRANSPORTATION
Railroads barred from accepting shipments not meeting limits________________ 16
MANPOWER
Women conductors and bus drivers help keep U. S. “on move”______________ 18
“Manning tables” devised to guide release of men to armed forces____________ 19
LABOR
Wage, salary increases to be approved only in exceptional cases______________ 20
Principles for exemption of farm workers. 21
PRICE ADMINISTRATION
Appeals to be strictly limited__________ 22
Ginsburg says rail and utility rates must be controlled________________________ 23
AGRICULTURE
Larger farm incomes forecast for 1943_ 29
ANDTHEYLL NEED GOOD NURSING !
4,000 price jumpers face loss of license
In the most sweeping enforcement action yet taken, the OPA November 8 served license warning notices on more than 4,000 retailers in all parts of the country, charging violation of the general maximum price regulation.
The notices constitute official warning that if any further violations occur, OPA can go into court and ask suspension of the retailers’ licenses to
sell commodities under OPA regulation.
The action followed a 4-week enforcement drive throughout the country during which OPA investigators checked over 10,000 retail outlets, mostly grocery stores. The investigators concentrated on cost-of-living commodities, including coffee, tea, milk, sugar, etc. Enforcement drives covering other commodities are being prepared.
November 10, 1942
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On the Home Front
In any average week, these days, a great many actions are taken on the • Home Front which obviously bear on the war program but at first glance have little apparent relation to each other. Last week, for instance, brought these developments:
Certain grades of horsehide were reserved exclusively for military use.
The dehydrated food industry was spurred toward greater production.
A program was announced for keeping “necessary” workers on the Nation’s dairy, livestock and poultry farms.
Steps were taken to assure Nationwide coffee rationing.
Fibers and fiber yarns were placed under stricter control, along with fats and oils and other products.
The Government continued its effort to secure standard sized typewriters to meet military needs through purchase from business and individual owners.
It’s just our end of the supply line
These various actions, affecting a few thousands or millions of Americans, are connected with other actions on a much larger scale. Armadas of United Nations vessels are moving hundreds of thousands of troops about the earth, carrying with them food, medical supplies, military equipment. Other fleets of cargo ships transport immense quantities of similar supplies to the millions already at battle stations, and yet other shiploads go to our Lend-Lease allies or bring raw materials from distant regions to the ports that will transship them to the smoking centers of production beyond. These are the strategic lines of supply—the military and economic fronts behind the fighting fronts.
In these ships must go horsehide gloves for soldiers performing certain operations, light tropical clothing and heavy woolens and furs for cqlder regions, dehydrated foods which take up little cargo space, frozen meats and poultry, cheese, and other dairy products, coffee in quantity for those who must face the rigors of Alaska and Iceland or the tropical discomforts of the Solomons.
A ship has the needs of a town
The vessels bearing thousands of such items must have heavy hawsers of fiber, stout ropes for boats and rigging. In
themselves they are complete miniature communities, some of them with a population equal to that of a sizeable town. They have their own needs which must be met, their own power plants which
REPRINTING PERMISSIBLE
Requests have been received for permission to reprint “On the Home Front” in whole or in part. This column, like all other material in VICTORY, may be reprinted without special permission. If excerpts are used, the editors ask only that they be taken in such a way that their original meaning is preserved.
must be . kept operating. And aboard ship, as in all wartime operations on land and sea,- records must be kept, orders and documents issued. It is this which explains the call for typewriters.
Typewriters are just as necessary, and for the same reasons, behind the battlefronts as they are on the warship or merchantman, and the results of operational flights by military airplanes also must be recorded. In modern warfare the armed services and the Merchant Marine could no more function without typewriters than could war industry, and yet the typewriter companies are now making weapons.
The typewriter—a symbol of organization
The typewriter is a symbol of organization, organization comes from planning and the execution of sound plans. Organization doesn’t win battles, but it makes success possible under difficult circumstances. And that’s true of the Home Front, too.
On the Home Front the services of strategic supply must be given to the gigantic industrial machinery of war production. We are part of the raw materials frbnt of the United Nations—a front that, like the fighting front, stretches about the world. We and our Allies must get every pound that we can of tin from Bolivia and Nigeria, nickel from Canada, rubber from Brazil, copper from Chile, chrome from Russia, mica from India, rope fibers from East Africa and Latin America, asbestos from the Union of South Africa, manganese from West Africa, and other critical materials from parts of the earth equally distant. Where sources of metals are insufficient
or undeveloped, we must send our experts, along with mining machinery or other equipment, to increase the output. To insure an adequate supply of fiber products, we set about planting thousands of acres to fiber plants.
Cutting corners in transporting materials
The Combined Raw Materials Board— set up to secure maximum output of strategic materials throughout the non-Axis regions of the world and to regulate the flow of these supplies to the United Nations—in some instances cuts out steps in shipping or manufacture in order to speed up results. For example, the practice of sending United States tungsten to England for manufacture into ferrotungsten, which was shipped back to Canada, has been stopped. We now supply Canada directly with ferrotungsten. And instead of sending Russia more manufactured rubber tires made to Russian dimensions, we are sending a tire manufacturing plant, bought by the Government from the Ford Motor Co.
A new allotment plan for manufacturers
Within our own borders, economic war planning is carried on with increasing vigor. A long-range program for controlling the flow of critical materials into war production—the Controlled Materials Plan—has been put into effect by the War Production Board. The plan tightens control of critical materials and it puts into effect a system of allotments to war contractors from available supplies of these materials, in order to make certain that war plants can meet production requirements. .
Critical metals not only are restricted, but existing stocks are being gathered in wherever they may be found. No more copper may be used in building construction and all stocks for building installations in the hands of dealers and others are held for purchase by the Government. Use of stainless steel in more than 75 products, from coffee pots to farm machinery, has been prohibited, and idle or excess stocks of stainless steel will be redistributed for war use. All stocks of cadmium, used in electro-plating, are reserved for war purposes, and platinum, which has a wide variety of war uses—such as the making of nitric acid and radio tubes—no longer may be used to make jewelry.
American technicians are exerting all their ingenuity in the search for ways to cut out or reduce the use of metal in various products. Manufacturers of wooden packing boxes are urged to investigate the possibility of using substitute materials.
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November 10, 1942
Controlled Materials Plan allots production by “vertical” system for war and civilians
{Continued from page 1)
tractors and their suppliers. The Bill of Materials will cover requirements not only for Controlled Materials but also for other scarce materials listed in the outline of the plan.
The bills of materials obtained from prime contractors will be assembled by each claimant agency and submitted to the WPB requirements committee, and to the respective controlled materials, branches, which will make the necessary adjustments to bring the whole program into balance with available supplies.
Claimant agencies designated
The claimant agencies are: Army, Navy, Maritime Commission, the aircraft scheduling unit, Lend-Lease, Board of Economic Warfare, and office of civilian supply.
The aircraft scheduling unit, located at Wright Field, is the claimant agency for all aircraft production.
The office of civilian supply, claimant agency for all producers not otherwise represented, will assemble its statement of requirements with the aid of recommendations ,by the various WPB industry branches.
Each claimant agency will break down its submission of requirements into materials for (1) production; (2) construction and facilities; (3) maintenance, repair, and operating supplies. Requirements for construction and facilities, including industrial machinery and equipment, will be channeled through the construction and facilities branch of the office of program determination.
When requirements have been brought into balance with supply and the program of the various claimant agencies are approved, the WPB vice chairman on program determination—who also is chairman of the requirements committee—will allocate with the advice of the requirements committee, authorized quantities of the three Controlled Materials to each.
The claimant agencies, in turn, will ' distribute these broad allotments among prime contractors by means of “allotment numbers,” which will constitute a right to receive delivery. The prime contractors will pass on the allotment num-
LEADING OFFICIALS COMMENT
(.From a press conference on the Controlled Materials Plan, November 2.)
WPB CHAIRMAN NELSON: The distribution of materials . . . must be controlled in order that it may get to the place where it is most needed to produce the maximum impact on the enemy at that particular time. Now, of course, as * I have said to you before, the question of what we make for the armed forces and when we make it, is a job for the military to decide . . . They know, and must tell us, what they need in order that they may win the war in the shortest possible space of time.
♦ ♦ ♦
A REPORTER: When the War Department, Navy Department, or anyone else have any competing claims for materials, who decides which takes precedence?
MR. NELSON: The Requirements Committee decides that, following the joint Chiefs-of-Staffs’ instructions . . . with the right of appeal always . . . for any branch of the Services—an appeal to the War Production Board or to me, as the Chairman, against any decision of the Requirements Committee.
*	*	*
A REPORTER: Can you tell us how the man in the street is going to be affected by the civilian supply program that you will have in the next 18 months?
LEON HENDERSON (as director of the WPB office of civilian supply): Consumers’ durable goods like refrigerators, radios, automobiles, including housing, housing repair, and things like that, will only get 1.5 percent of the steel and less than 1 percent of the copper. That includes war housing made by the civilian agencies.
bers as necessary to their subcontractors and suppliers.
How plan works
Materials other than Controlled Materials will continue to be distributed through the priorities system. Each company receiving an allotment number carrying an allocation of Controlled Materials also will receive a preference rating for use in obtaining other materials. A preference rating accompanied by an allotment number will be higher than other ratings of the same category, but, will not take precedence over higher ratings. For example, AA-3, plus an allot-, ment number, is higher than AA-3, without the number, but not as high as AA-2X. The preference ratings also will resolve conflicts which might otherwise occur in the production and delivery of manufactured items.
In order that sufficient amounts of materials in the form desired may be available, responsibility for directing the production of Controlled Materials rests in the controlled materials branches of WPB. For instance, the iron and steel branch is responsible for steel, the copper branch for copper, etc. “Production Directives,” specifying the quantities and forms and shapes of material to be produced during a stated period of time, will be sent to most producers of Controlled Materials monthly. If orders beyond a specified capacity to produce
are received, a producer must refuse them and notify the appropriate controlled materials branch. If a consumer with an allotment number cannot place his order satisfactorily, he should appeal to and will be assisted by the branch.
As CMP goes into effect, the job of cutting out all nonessential production, military and otherwise, will be completed.
Under CMP, each claimant agency will program the quantities of end-products— , guns, planes, Liberty ships, railroad cars, bedsprings, etc.—most urgently needed for each quarterly period. From the Bills of Materials for each of these items the agency will make up a consolidated estimate of its total requirements. These detailed estimates for the second quarter of 1943 must be submitted by January 1, 1943. At the same time, similar estimates must be submitted for the remaining quarters of 1943 and the first quarter of 1944, together with general estimates for the first half of 1944, so that the requirements committee will have at all times a general picture of requirements, eighteen months in advance.
War orders given preference
When the allotments are made by the requirements committee, they will be transmitted to prime contractors through the claimant agencies. Manufacturers working on items such as tanks, ships, aircraft, etc., which generally are con-
November 10, 1942
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5
traded for by or through a claimant agency, and are called “Class A” products—will receive their allotment with an allotment number directly, from the agency. Producers of a list of “Class B” products, such as generators, hardware, kitchenware, electrical appliances, parts frequently incorporated in other products, and civilian items generally, will receive their allotments from their WPB Industry branches, which in turn will receive allotments through the Office of Civilian Supply.
Over-allotment to stimulate materials
Each claimant agency may allot for each month up to 105 percent of its monthly allotment. This over-allotment is intended to stimulate increased production from producers of Controlled Materials. Claimant agencies also are authorized to make allotment? for future quarters on the basis of declining percentages ’of allotments established for the current quarter. These percentages are: For the quarter immediately following the one for which a definite allotment has been made, 80 percent; for the next following quarter, 60 percent; for all later quarters, 40 percent.
The plan will be flexible enough to permit limited amounts of material to be given out without allotment numbers. Special provision, for instance, is made for allotments of Controlled Materials to warehouses so that they may handle small orders without Allotment Numbers.
A new form of inventory control is to be established with the requirement that every primary or secondary producer whose inventory of all Controlled Materials is in excess of a specified amount must submit an inventory statement showing his position at the end of each calendar quarter not more than 15 days later.
Transition period provided
A timetable for the transition from existing systems to full operation of the Controlled Materials Plan is provided. The first Bills of Materials will be assembled by the claimant agencies during November and December and on January 1 the agencies will submit their first estimate of requirements to the branches handling Controlled Materials, with copies to the requirements committee.
By January 15 the controlled materials branches will have analyzed the requirements and made preliminary reconciliation to the extent possible between requirements and supply. At the same time, the claimant agencies and prime
WPB bolsters industry branches to deal with new Controlled Materials Plan
Reorganization of industry branches of the WPB, giving them greater strength, is being undertaken now by the office of program determination under the direction of Ferdinand Eber-stadt, vice chairman of WPB, and Ernest Kanzler, director general for operations.
One of the major reasons for strengthening branches is to enable them to handle the additional burdens to be placed on them by the new controlled materials plan, announced November 2.
To decentralize operations
To as great an extent as possible, each industry branch will follow a similar pattern. Many of the functions of the office of the director general for operations, not including the bureau of priorities control, will be decentralized and assigned to branches, making them responsible for all operating phases such as the execution of programs, policies, and procedures established for the resources assigned to branches. Branches will not, however, be responsible for policy, planning, coordination, and supervision phases.
Permanent connection with industry will be maintained through active industry advisory committees assigned to each branch. Claimant agencies—Army, Navy, Maritime Commission, WPB, of-
consumers will be developing information necessary in making final allotments, to be in readiness for distribution of allotments to them by the requirements committee.
On February 1, the requirements committee will make allotments of Controlled Materials to claimant agencies for the second quarter of 1943. During Feb^ ruary and early March, distribution of allotments will be made by claimant agéncies to prime consumers, who in turn will divide their allotments with their secondary consumers and suppliers.
By March 15 users of Controlled Materials will have placed authorized orders for April delivery and for later months, as authorized. Subsequently the controlled materials branches will watch placement of orders on mills and mills’ shipments, and give assistance in placing orders to authorized users of controlled materials who are unable to obtain mill acceptance of authorized orders.
fice of civilian supply, Lend-Lease, etc.— will assign permanent representatives to each branch. Permanent connection with labor also will be maintained through representatives assigned to each branch.
Committees to study civilian supply
The pattern will apply to all material, product, facility, or industry branches, although the detailed composition will depend on the individual branch.
Industry advisory committees assigned to the branch will obtain data on available and anticipated supply of resources and requirements for civilian use and for maintenance, repair, and spare parts.
Resources, in this sense, include raw and industrial materials, processing and production capacities, facilities, tools, power, and other items necessary to the production of end products, with the exception of manpower.
Representatives of governmental claimants in the industry branch will submit data on requirements for resources and advise and assist in apportioning the available supply in accordance with the determinations of the requirements, program adjustment, and facilities committees. Claimants, in addition, will assist in the processing of various forms controlling the distribution of resources.
On July 1, CMP will be in full operation. Until that time existing procedures, including preference rating orders and PRP certificates and individual material allocations under M orders will continue in effect for consumers who have not been able to qualify under CMP.
Those remote secondary consumers who have not obtained their allotments under CMP in time to meet requirements for the second quarter of 1943 will be authorized to continue purchases under PRP equal to their first quarter authorizations.
To prevent duplication each company operating under PRP will be required to cancel authorizations made under PRP In equal amount for CMP allotments and the total authorizations outstanding at any time will not be permitted to exceed available supply. Orders bearing CMP Allotment Numbers will be given preference at mills over PRP orders and other rated orders not under CMP.
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November 10, 1942
Firms that failed to file PRP applications in time may be denied materials
An extremely serious situation faces the large number of firms operating under the Production Requirements Plan which have not yet filed their applications for the first quarter of 1943, Ernest Kanz-ler, director general for operations, said October 31.
'11,500 not heard from
Tabulation of requests for material to be used during the first 3 months of next year commenced on November 5, and those firms expecting to operate under PRP whose applications were not received by that time may find that it will be impossible to include their requirements in the tabulation, and therefore they may not obtain the materials they require.
Mr. Kanzler was emphatic in saying that laggard firms not only were jeopardizing their own operations but were seriously hampering the war effort as a whole.
Out of 30,000 plants expected to operate under PRP, 11,500 had not been heard from on October 31.
Priorities Regulation No. 11 as amended October 3, set October 25 as the deadline for filing PRP applications for the coming quarter. Those who failed either to apply or to request extensions of time by that date rendered themselves subject to penalty actions.
Regulations emphasized
Mr. Kanzler also drew attention to two other provisions of Priorities Regulation No. 11, which are highly important to the orderly distribution of critical materials. The first of these requires that each PRP unit, not later than the fifth business day after the receipt of its PRP certificate for the fourth quarter of this year, or not later than October 10, whichever is later, must adjust its outstanding purchase orders to the amounts and preference ratings authorized on the certificate. The other provision of Regulation No. 11, which Mr. Kanzler pointed out,-is one prohibiting PRP units which did not file their applications for the first quarter of 1943 by October 25 from extending any ratings, available under their current certificates, until such time as they shall have sent in their requests for the coming quarter.
The extreme tightness of all critical materials was reflected in Mr. Kanzler’s statement that applications for supplementary assistance filed on PD-25F can
be considered only for (1) minor adjustments between quantities of different materials authorized to a PRP unit and, (2) for additional material only if receipt of new war contracts makes this essential. No adjustments can be made in cases of firms which underestimated their requirements or whose rate of consumption for any reason, other than a new war contract, is greater than was expected. .
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Firms operating under PRP may now extend AAA ratings
Firms operating under the Production Requirements Plan now are permitted to extend AAA ratings, which they receive on customers’ purchase orders, by the terms of Amendment No. 1 to Priorities Regulation No. 11, as amended.
The amendment, effective November 2, lays down the conditions under which a PRP unit may extend an AAA rating. These conditions are*
1.	An AAA rating may be extended when necessary to obtain material which the PRP unit- will deliver, or which it will physically incorporate into material to be delivered, on the AAA rating;
2.	The AAA rating may be extended only to obtain the quantities of materials required to fill AAA-rated orders;
3.	The rating may not be extended to obtain any material which a PRP unit has on hand, or to replace inventory;
4.	The quantity of any material obtained with assistance of the AAA rating must, so far as possible, be deducted from the quantity authorized on the unit’s PRP certificate.
In case it is necessary to extend the rating to materials other than those authorized on a PRP certificate, or in larger quantities, a PD-25F form must be filed within three days after the extension, reporting the additional quantities or x materials to which the AAA rating was extended.
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Nylon waste limited
Nylon waste—used in the manufacture of such civilian fabrics as “nylon fleece’’— will henceforth be available only for purchases directly connected with the war, as a result of an order (M-247) issued November 2 by the director general for operations.
The order prohibits consumption of nylon wastes for any purpose other than the manufacture of spun nylon yarn.
Production scheduling announced for heavy power equipment
Procedures for the production scheduling of heavy power and steam equipment are established in Amendment No. 4 to Limitation Order L-117, issued November 2 by the WPB. Manufacturers of power equipment will submit monthly reports covering existing production schedules. These schedules will be reviewed and, if necessary, revised by the WPB.
Production scheduling has been devised as a means of reconciling the heavy demand for power equipment with the limited production facilities of the industry. Production schedules must be so arranged as to assure delivery of large items of power equipment in time to meet the requirements of our national power program. Furthermore, since a single power installation may require many items of equipment produced in separate manufacturing plants, it is important to integrate the delivery dates of such items.
Extends earlier legislation
The new amendment extends to a variety of power equipment controls similar to those which now apply to power turbines under an earlier WPB order. Among the items of equipment covered by the amendment are large steam generating boilers, steam surface condensers, steam engine generator units, frequency changers, synchronous condensers, and transformers.
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Interim quotas set for metal plaster bases
Interim quotas for production of metal plastering bases and accessories were announced October 31 by the director general for operations covering the period from November 1 to November 15, at which time it is expected a new amendment will be issued governing operations beyond that date. .
Quota percentages set for the 4 months’ period from July 1 to October 31 are continued during the interim. Supplementary Limitation Order L-59-a defines the new production allowances, which may not be in excess of one-eighth of the tonnages permitted by L-59 (as amended) for the preceding 4 months.
November 10, 1942
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WAR EFFORT INDICES
Percent change MANPOWER	L from
October October 1942:	Number 191,1
Labor force-   54,000,000	—0.2
Unemployed________________	1,600,000	—59.0
Employed_________________ ♦52,400, 000	+4.4
Nonagri-
cultural__*41,900,000	'+2.4
Male____ 29,200, 000	—1.4
Female— 12,700,000	+12.4
A g r I c u 1 -
tural_____*10, 500,000	+12.9
Male____	8,900,000	+ 7.2
Female— 1,600,000 + 60.0
FINANCE * j
Authorized war program,
July 1940-October 1942- $240,000,000,000 Total disbursements, July
1940-October 1942_____________ 55,700,000,000
October 1942 _________________ 5,700,000,000
September 1942________________ 5,500, 000, 000
Sales of War Bonds—
Cumulative, May 1941-
October 1942________ 9,945,000,000
October 1942_____________________ 814,000,000
Quota for October-____________	775,000,000
September 1942________________ 838,000,000
PRODUCTION
G o v t. commitments for war plant expansion;
June 1940-Sept. 30_________***$13,474,000,000
Private commitments for war plant expansion;
10,239 Certificates of Necessity approved, June 1940 - September 30____________________* * * *$3, 422,000,000
Man-days of idleness on strikes affecting war production, September
1942_______________________ ~	318,892
A Percentage—time lost to
estimated time worked-	%o of 1 %
Percent increase All manufacturing industries—	from like
August:	moni
Average weekly earn-	la8t vear
ings__________-____$39. 54 23.9
Average hours worked
per week__:..;_____ 42.8	4.9
Average hourly earn-
ings_______________ 86.4tf	15.9
•	Index
Cost of living (1935-39 = 100):
May 1942_____________116.0	12.7
September 1942_______117.8	9.0
♦	New series starting August 18.
*	*Preliminary. Includes funds made available by Congressional legislation and by Government corporations.
♦	* *Preliminary. Revised series starting Oct. 13.
*	* * «privately financed war plant expansion not included in Certificates of Necessity is estimated between $1 and $2 billion.
*	*	*
PRP . CERTIFICATE NUMBERS.— Metal mills and other suppliers of material to Production Requirements Plan units are being notified by the director general for operations that WPB approval of shipments of materials to be used by the purchaser in the manufacture of articles ordinarily sold from stock will be granted if they contain PRP certificate serial numbers, in place of the Army and Navy contract numbers formerly required.
Classification system requiring end-use symbols on all materials revoked by WPB
As a further step in eliminating all procedures not justified by final results, WPB on November 6 revoked Priorities Regulation No. 10. This is the regulation which set up the Allocation Classification System, requiring that all purchase orders bear designated end-use symbols.
Revocation of thé regulation and the system which it established was decided upon by WPB on the basis of experience with it for several months.
With Production Requirements Plan authorizations for manufacture of military and essential civilian items now tailored for the first time to fit the known supplies of materials, WPB officials be-
Agreements route orders to small plants
Lou E. Holland, deputy chairman of the WPB on smaller war plants and chairman of the board of the Smaller War Plants Corporation, November 7 announced the conclusion of far-reaching agreements with the chief procurement agencies in respect to the wider distribution of war orders to small manufacturers.
Although the agreements differ slightly in phraseology, the salient points are almost Identical and may be summarized as follows:
1.	The department, or agency, will inform the smaller war plants division of requirements of suitable items for which the assistance of the division is desired in finding sources of supply, and will furnish this information far enough in advance of required delivery dates to permit the division to
Tighter curb on razors and blades
Razors and razor blades were put under tighter production and distribution restrictions November 4 with issuance of Order L-72, as amended, by the director general for operations.
It is anticipated that the supply of blades for civilian use will be ample to meet all requirements in 1943. While fewer blades will be made for consumer use, it was pointed out that the millions of men in the armed forces will result in a substantial decrease in civilian demand for blades.
Production of straight, razors is cut substantially for the last 2 months of this year. On January 1 their production will
lieve that adequate control is exercised without the imposition on industry of the task represented by the classification system. When the distribution system provided for in the Controlled Materials Plan is put into full effect, there will, of course, be no need for additional checks.
WPB’s copper branch will continue to require end-use information from brass mills, copper wire mills and copper foundries, before making allocations. The iron and steel branch pointed out that the end-use information requirements of General Preference Order M-17 and orders in the M-21 series remain mandatory and are not affected by the revocation of Regulation No. 10.
search for suitable production facilities among the smaller plants.
2.	Maximum possible subcontracting will be used in the production of items which, because of their complexity or for any other reason, must be awarded to large organizations.
3.	The smaller war plants division agrees to maintain a list of small plants adaptable for the production of specific items and to cooperate with the procurement agencies in the placement of prime or subcontracts by proving the suitability and competence of the proposed small plant and certifying as to its credit.
4.	The department, or agency, will work with the division in examining existing prime and subcontracts with a view to securing further subcontracting, and the procurement agencies will attempt to secure. the agreement of contractors to further sub-contracting wherever practicable.
5.	The smaller war plants division will provide planning, engineering, and production assistance to small plants, so that they may execute In a proper and satisfactory manner any contracts undertaken.
cease. The industry will be put to good use, however. Among other things, manufacturers of straight razors are now turning out commando knives.
* * *
WIRE CLOTHS—An order limiting the number of wire cloths that can be held in inventory for use on a single paper mill machine unit was announced November 2 by the director general for operations. The wire cloths affected by the new order (L-209) are those fabricated from copper, nickel, chrome, and alloys of these metals.
8
★ VICTORY ★
November 10, 1942
Stainless steel barred from over 75 products; iron and steel from many others
Use of stainless steel in more than 75 products, ranging from coffee pots and cutlery to farm machinery and hot water heaters will be prohibited under the terms of a revised iron and steel conservation order (M-126) announced November 5 by the WPB.
Effective immediately, delivery of stainless steel for products on a new List S is prohibited. For a period of 30 days, beginning November 5, manufacturers may use, out of inventories, up to 50 percent of the average monthly stainless steel consumption for such products in 1941.
Complete stoppage of stainless steel use for the products on List S is effective at the end of the 30-day period, except that assembly is permitted for an additional 15 days.
Iron, steel deliveries stopped
At the same time, the revised order adds about 100 items to List A, which prohibits delivery of iron and steel, effective immediately, and prohibits the manufacture of the listed items with any type of iron and steel after 30 days, and assembly after 60 days.
During the 30-day period, manufacturers of products added to List A by the revised order may use, out of inventories, up to 75 percent of the average monthly iron and steel-use for such products in 1941.
Stainless ''steel for List C until Déc. 31
Where Army-Navy-Maritime Commission orders are not given specific exemption by the inclusion of a List A or List S product on List C as well, the restrictive provisions relating to the new items will not apply for 60 days beyond the governing date. Stainless steel may continue to be used to make items on List C for Army-Navy-Maritime Commission orders until December 31. After that date, use of stainless steels for List C products is prohibited, except where expressly permitted for an item or where other materials cannot be obtained readily.
Other changes
The revised order also includes some minor changes, among which are:
An exception for the delivery of roofing and siding on Board of Economic Warfare and Lend-Lease orders, and for the maintenance and repair of railroad freight cars, street cars, and buses.
Lead no longer is included on the
list of materials which may not be substituted for iron and steel. '
LIST A (IRON AND STEEL BARRED)
A partial list of the new items on List A (barring the use of all iron and steel) follows:
Miniature toy banks; steam baths; bicycle racks; linoleum binding;' sounding boards; boat hooks; boot jacks; meter boxes and covers (except industrial); buckles for clothing (except overalls and dungarees); buttons for work clothing; closers for paper and cellophane bags of less than 25-pound content; car washing machines; cigarette package holders.
Hand cigarette making machines; hair • clamps, barrettes, decorative clips and fasteners (but not including common bob and hair pins); manhole covers; crutches; reinforced culverts (with certain exceptions); beauty parlor and home use curlers, curling irons; diaper receptacles; furniture and linoleum edging; fan stands; window and roller type shades; all types of skewers; .certain industrial machinery spools for cord, ribbon, and tape; carpet stretchers; tent frames and supports; sewing thimbles; shutter-type ventilators; household water softeners and stills.
Finger nail files; first aid kits; flag holders; fence gates; grave markers; outdoor grills; wire holders; tool houses; hog houses; poultry house (except wire netting); humidification devices (except industrial and hospital use); ice cream molders; picnic jugs; and step ladders.
All types of lawh and landscaping equipment; lunch boxes; meat molds; metal cloths; motion picture cameras, projectors, and screen stands (except repair and maintenance); oil well pumping units with certain exceptions; partition studs; tent pegs; pencil holders; photograph equipment (except for microfilm): slides, loops, and slide loops for work clothing; wire spools; tank towers under 50 feet in heigh J; certain textile machinery; traffic land markers; electric vibrators; window shade rollers.
LIST S (STAINLESS STEEL BARRED)
Among the items on the new list S (stainless steel prohibited) are:
Ice cream cabinets; ammunition boxes and chutes; coffee pots; branding and labeling devices; processing and bottling equipment for alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages; cutlery; dishes, saucers, and plates; fountains; kitchen and restaurant paneling; iceboxes; lavatory equipment; light fixtures; base clamps.
Fans (except Industrial); name plates; radio antenna; washing tubs; shelves; window screens and frames; cheese vats; fishing tackle and equipment; furniture hardware; badges; boiler casings; cable terminals; clocks, clock-dials and cases; central levees; lanterns and lamps.
*	*	*
PRINTING—William G. Chandler November 3 was appointed chief of the printing and publishing branch by the director general for operations. He is a member of the advisory board of the Scripps-Howard Newspapers, and his assignment in Washington will be on a leave of absence basis.
Platinum banned in all jewelry manufacture
Use of platinum in all jewelry manufacture has been stopped by an amendment to Conservation Order M-162, issued by the director general for operations. The order does not affect sale of platinum jewelry now manufactured and in the hands of dealers and retailers.
Processing to stop January 1
To assure that military needs are met, the new order forbids any supplier to sell or deliver, any processor to buy or accept, and any processor to put into process, any platinum for use in the manufacture of jewelry. Any platinum which was in process for making jewelry October 31 may be processed to completion before January 1, but processing must stop on that day. These restrictions do not apply to jewelry which is complete except for the addition of stones, other 7 completed parts, or polishing.
The amendment redefines “platinum” to include platinum-bearing metals or compounds containing 2 percent or more of platinum, as compared with 1 percent previously.
★	★ ★
Thermoplastics order postponed
Effective date of scheduling production and delivery under the thermoplastics order, M-154, was postponed from November 1 to January 1 by Amendment 4, issued October 31 by. the director general for operations.
★	★ ★
Jute yarn order amended to relieve rope shortage
The director general for operations has cleared the way for increased use of jute yarns, istle yarns and cotton yarns by processors of hard fiber cordage and twine, by assigning a preference rating of A-2 for purchase of specifically limited amounts of the yarns.
Rating temporary
Assignment of the rating is temporary pending a final determination of the amounts of the yarns which will be allocated to hard fiber cordage and twine processors. The action, taken in an amendment to Order M-84, was necessary to relieve the rope shortage and expand the facilities engaged in its manufacture from jute, istle and cotton to include hard fiber processors.
November 10, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
9
A. 1. Henderson resigns
The resignation of A. I. Henderson as WPB deputy director general for industry operations was announced October 31 by Chairman Nelson. Mr. Henderson is leaving to accept a commission in the Army.
He joined the staff of the former National Defense Advisory Commission in July 1940 and later continued his service with the Office of Production Management. Before he accepted the post from which he has now resigned he was director of materials for the WPB.
Mr. Henderson’s letter of resignation said that “because of my service in the last war I have felt for some time, as you know, that my place is in the Army. The recent organizational changes make it possible for me to get away at this time without feeling that I am running out on the job.”
★	★ ★
Ezekiel assistant to Wilson
Charles E. Wilson, vice chairman of the WPB in charge of production, announced October 30, that he has appointed Mordecai Ezekiel as his executive assistant.
Dr. Ezekiel was assistant chief econo-✓ mist of the Federal Farm Board under President Hoover, and since 1933 has served as economic adviser to the Secretary of Agriculture. For some months he has been on part-time loan from the Department of Agriculture as consultant to the planning committee of WPB, and has made special studies of the maritime shipbuilding program and the aircraft program for WPB.
★	★ ★
Brainard resigns
Resignation of George C. Brainard as director of the WPB tools division was announced November 1 by Ernest Kanzler, director general for operations. Mr. Brainard is returning to his position as president of the General Fireproofing Co., Youngstown, Ohio.
George H. Johnson, president of the Grisholt Machine Co., Madison, Wis., has been appointed as the new director of the WPB tools division, and will assume his duties about November 23.
John Chafee, formerly vice president of Brown & Sharpe Co., Providence, R. I., has been appointed deputy director of the WPB tools division.
WPB announces plans to move 60,000,000 pounds of stainless steel into war use from idle, excess stocks
Details of its steel recovery program and related price policies were given November 2 by the WPB at headquarters of the Steel Recovery Corporation in Pittsburgh.
Covers 16 separate categories
An indication of the part that industry is expected to play in this important recovery program, and of methods by which millions of tons of steel will be redistributed to war use, was disclosed with the mailing November 2 of inventory report forms and price schedules to all known holders of Idle and excess inventories of stainless steel and stainless-steel products.
The steel recovery program covers 16 separate categories of steel and each of these categories will be handled separately.
The stainless-steel program, it is estimated, will eventually move as much as 60,000,000 pounds of stainless steel into war production.
The major points revealed in the information released November 2 will apply to all of the 16 steel recovery projects. They are as follows:
Holders urged to sell “as is”
1.	As inventory reports are received from holders, the Government will make every effort to locate users for the steel in its present form and thus move it directly into war production at market prices.
2.	Holders are urged, however, actively to seek qualified buyers for their steel in its “as is” form and, on their own initiative, to move it into war production by direct sale, as permitted by Priorities Regulation No. 13, Revised. This regulation authorizes "upstream” and “cross-stream” sales of materials otherwise restricted. Where a contemplated sale would not fall Into the categories permitted under Regulation 13, the holder may apply to the WPB for special permission to sell.
Some to be resold as scrap
3.	Where direct transactions between sellers and private purchasers are Impracticable, and products are suitable for rerolllng or stock piling with a view of eventual use in present forms, the Steel Recovery Corporation will offer rerolling market prices and standard prices to all owners reporting such products.
4.	In the case of steel which cannot be used in war production in its present form, the Steel Recovery Corporation may offer to purchase it. This material would then be resold as scrap to be melted down for war uses. The official Government purchase prices do not apply to materials which are already scrap in their present form.
Col. C. R. Baxter, chief of the materials redistribution branch of the WPB, emphasized the urgency of making avail- -able to war production plants as speedily as possible every last item of steel now in idle or excess inventory.
Price policy explained
Commenting on the prices established for steel and steel products which are unusable in their present form, Colonel Baxter said:
It would be only fair if the Government were to offer no more than scrap prices for steel which can be used only as scrap. However, in order to speed the voluntary movement to war production of these products, use of which has been restricted by WPB orders, the Government has established a schedule of prices which are above scrap prices.
The prices offered in the Steel Recovery Programs—and, for that matter, in all of our recovery programs—are firm prices. They apply equally to all holders. No exception can or will be made for special circumstances or unusual situations. This is war—and the important thing now is to put these idle and excess inventories of steel where they belong—into war production.
To requisition if necessary
In reference to the Government’s requisitioning policies which are being administered by the materials redistribution branch of the WPB, Colonel Baxter reiterated that the recovery programs are based on voluntary action by holders of the scarce materials. “But,” he added, “we have not hesitated to use our wartime requisitioning power wherever holders refuse to sell. Our experience with the copper recovery program, which has been under way for some time, has been gratifying because we have found that with very few exceptions owners have readily given their willing cooperation.”
Holders are urged to return promptly all inventory report forms, even before limitation dates, when at all possible.
★ ★ ★
MEIGS RESIGNS
Donald M. Nelson announced October 31 that he has accepted with particular regret the resignation of Merrill C. Meigs as deputy director of the aircraft production division, effective November 15.
Mr. Meigs has been called back to the Hearst Corporation which has loaned his services, without compensation, to the Government during the past 2 years.
10
★ VICTORY ★
November 10, 1942
Details of war production for September
Here are details of WPB Chairman Nelson’s report on September war production, which was outlined in Victory last week:
AIRPLANES
During September four-engined bombers rolled off the assembly lines very nearly on schedule. Acceptances of all heavy tactical types increased substantially. The result of a marked increase in the output of heavy aircraft and a decrease in light planes was a small over-all increase measured numerically; but measured by total value which takes into account the difference between large and small planes, the volume of output in September was up 10 percent, compared with an increase of 5 percent (revised) in August.
Propeller production continues to present a serious problem. Plane construction may increase in the months ahead more rapidly than propeller production, unless propeller output can be greatly increased. Thus far, however, enough propellers have been made to fly all planes.
Mass production methods have been greatly improved; many engineering difficulties have been overcome; skills of new workers are being improved and training is proceeding well.
ORDNANCE
Ordnance production continued to move slowly, and as between the various Items of production, unevenly. Tank production in September was up 3 percent and the production of tank guns was ahead of schedule. September was a good month for antiaircraft gun output.
Production of ammunition for the various types of guns was spotty, excellent records being made in some areas and disappointing results were reported in others. Over-all ordnance output rose 7 percent in the month.
NAVY AND ARMY VESSELS
During the month 12 major combat vessels were launched. Deliveries of major combat vessels were greater than forecast, but deliveries of other types of naval vessels did not measure up to expectations.
Measured in terms of actual additional construction in shipyards, the gain in September for Army and Navy
vessels, including transports, was 22 percent over August.
MERCHANT VESSELS
Construction of merchant vessels in September increased 10 percent over August measured by the value of new construction in shipyards. But measured by the tonnage of vessels delivered it rose 34 percent in the month, and was 12 percent ahead of first-of-the-month forecasts.
Ninety-two new merchant vessels were placed in actual service—21 more than in the previously top month of July. Deadweight tonnage of these vessels was 1,009,000 compared with 753,000 deadweight tons in August. Thus production in a single month closely approached the total output of American merchant shipyards last year.
MACHINE TOOLS
Machine tool production in September totaled $120,118,000 in dollar volume, compared with $117,343,000 in August, a gain of 2.4 percent.
Until recently new machine tool orders have been in excess of deliveries, causing a persistent increase in the backlog of unfilled orders. Production now is higher than new orders currently received, so that the backlog is being worked off. The trend in new orders has been downward since last spring. The reduction in backlog is likely to continue.
CONSTRUCTION
Government financed construction for war purposes in September, including military construction, munitions plants and the machinery to equip them, was estimated at $1,540,000,000. This was slightly less than in August, which probably was the peak month. From now on, war construction is expected to decline, freeing some materials and manpower for direct munitions production.
Government financed war construction for 1942 is estimated at about $14,400,000,000. This represents about one-fourth of all Government war expenditures. From now on the proportion will decline.
COST
In September the Treasury and Government corporations paid out $5,500,-000,000 for war purposes, an ‘increase from August of $300,000,000. The average amount spent each day was $220,000,000
compared with $198,000,000 in August. By the end of September, war expenditures since July 1940 had reached $50,-000,000,000, and the total program, including commitments of Government corporations, called for the disbursement of $224,000,000,000. This was increased in October to about $240,000,000,000.
Expenditures of such magnitude take up an increasing proportion of total payments for goods and services within the United States. In September, about two-fifths of all such payments consisted of war disbursements by the Treasury or Government corporations.
LABOR-MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES
Labor-management committees, organized under the War Production Drive to speed output, numbered more than 1,650 by October 15, representing more than 3,200,000 workers. The first industries to participate in the drive were shipyards, guns and ordnance, iron and steel, and aircraft. These account for 42.5 percent of the committees formed and for 60.1 percent of the workers represented by labor-management committees.
Generally, committees were formed in relatively large plants. On the average, committees represented 2,000 workers. The greatest number of committees, or 31.8 percent of the total, were formed to represent from 1,000 to 5,000 workers each. Only 8.5 percent of the committees represented fewer than 100 workers and only 11.5 percent represented more than 5,000 workers.
★ ★ ★
Louisiana molasses saved for war alcohol
To maintain output of critically needed war alcohol, use of Louisiana molasses produced after November 2 for making mixed feed, vinegar, ensilage, and direct feed is forbidden by Amendment No. 4 to General Preference Order M-54, issued by the director general for operations.
The amendment provides that no producer may deliver molasses made in Louisiana after November 2 unless he shall have received from the person accepting delivery a certificate stating that the molasses is not to be used in making the prohibited products.
* * *
EXPORTS of merchandise from the United States in both August and September exceeded $700,000,000, the highest value on record for these months, according to the Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce.
November 10, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
11
§crap drive winners
STUDENTS LAUNCH
LIBERTY SHIP “WILL ROGERS”
The “Will Rogers,” first of 48 Liberty Ships to be named and christened by the school children of the Nation as a reward for their part in the National Salvage Program was launched at the Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard in Baltimore November 8.
Children named ship
The ship was named by the children of Oklahoma, and representatives from the three schools in the State that collected the largest weight of scrap per pupil during the newspaper school scrap drive attended the launching. Accompanying the children from these three schools were three teachers, two parents, and Mrs. Wil! Rogers, widow of the beloved Oklahoma humorist and philosopher for whom the ship is being named. Mrs. Rogers christened the ship.
In collecting the scrap, these children canvassed homes and farms within areas assigned to them, bringing in anything from old flat irons to automobile chassis.
The name “Will Rogers” was selected by the United States Maritime Commission from three names submitted by a State committee composed of the Governor, the chairman of the State salvage committee, and the chief State school officer. The committee selected the original three names from a list submitted by Oklahoma school children.
★ ★ ★
Steel plate shipments reach high total in October
October steel plate shipments of 1,101,-382 net tons were the second largest on record, H. G. Batcheller, chief of the iron and steel branch, reported November 6. Approximately 80 percent of this tonnage was for direct use by the Army, Navy, and Maritime Commission, with the remainder being for export and essential civilian needs.
The tonnage shipped last month was the largest since July, when a record of 1,124,118 net tons was established. Of October shipments, 536,981 net tons were produced on converted strip mills, 449,895 net tons on sheared plate mills and 114,-506 net tons on universal plate mills.
81 merchant ships delivered in October
American shipyards engaged in building merchant ships for the Victory Fleet, delivered into service 81 vessels totaling 890,700 deadweight tons in October, the Maritime Commission announced November 4. The October figure brings total ship production for the year to approximately 6,000,000 deadweight tons.
The month’s deliveries were 12 vessels short of the record-breaking production of 93 merchant ships in September. This was due, the Commission stated, to the temporary diversion of a considerable amount of the merchant shipbuilding capacity to emergency construction of special craft for the armed forces.
Of the 81 vessels delivered in October, 65 were Liberty ships, 3 cargo carriers for "British ncnniint R C-tvnp 4 larep
British production chief arrives in U. S.
The Right Honorable Oliver Lyttelton, British Minister of Production and member, with Donald M. Nelson, of the Combined Production and Resources Board, . arrived in Washington November 4. He was accompanied by W. Averell Harriman, Lend-Lease expediter and Mr. Nelson’s London deputy on the Combined Production and Resources Board, and a large group of American and British military and production officials.
Mr. Lyttelton first visited Washington last June when the Combined Production and Resources Board was set up at the direction of President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill. During the present visit, Mr. Lyttelton will consult with the United States Administration in pursuance of arrangements made at
Construction 10.5 billions for 9 months
Total new construction in the continental United States amounted to 10.5 billion dollars during the first 9 months of 1942, compared to 8 billion dollars for the corresponding period of 1941, Secretary of Labor Perkins reported November 4.
Excerpts from her report:
War construction brought the total for public construction up to 7.7 billion dollars for the first 9 months of this year, almost twice the volume for the first three quarters of 1941. Construction work at military and naval depots, stations, and airfields and the expansion of war plant facilities almost trebled the volume reported for. these categories during the first 9 months of 1941,
tankers and 1 ore carrier. West Coast yards led the construction parade by putting into service 43 vessels. East Coast yards delivered 24 ships, Gulf Coast yards 13 vessels, and 1 ship was completed on the Great Lakes.
Two West Coast yards, California Shipbuilding Corporation, Wilmington, Calif., and the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation, Portland, Oreg., were tied for individual honors, each delivering 12 ships. Richmond Shipyard No. 2 of the Permanente Metals Corporation, Richmond, Calif., took third place by delivering 10 vessels, while the Corporation’s Richmond Shipyard No. 1 delivered 7 ships. The month also saw the first Liberty ship to be delivered by the W. A. Bechtel yard at Sausalito, Calif.
the time of his previous trip to Washington.
Mr. Lyttelton was appointed Minister of Production by Prime Minister Churchill last February, succeeding Lord Beaverbrook. His post in the United Kingdom is comparable to Mr. Nelson’s here.
In 1939, he entered the war government in the comparatively minor post of Controller of Non-Ferrous Metals. Early in 1940, Prime Minister Churchill elevated him to be president of the Board of Trade. In that post Mr. Lyttelton conceived and imposed a plan for concentration of industry similar to that which the War Production Boat'd is now instituting in the United States, and he introduced such other measures as rigid clothes rationing, which alone released 400,000 workers.
Sharp curtailment of private construction arising from material shortages resulted in a decrease of 34 percent in the total volume of private construction. Private construction during the first 9 months of 1942 reached only 2.8 billion dollars, a decline of 1.4 billions from the amount reported for the same period of 1941.
Private nonresidential construction, including privately financed war plants, aggregated. only 455 million dollars or less than half as much as in the first three quarters of 1941. Nonfarm residential construction showed a dollar value decrease of 910 millions when compared with the total of 2,150 million dollars estimated for the first 9 months of 1941. In spite of expanding farm income during 1942, it is estimated that an 11 percent decrease occurred in expenditures for farm residential and service buildings.
12
★ VICTORY ★
November 10, 1942
RATIONING ...
Drivers doing good job of tire-saving but not good enough, Jeffers says
While the Nation’s motorists generally are doing a good job of voluntary restriction on the use of their automobiles and observance of the 35-mile speed limit, an even better one must be done, Rubber Director Jeffers warned November 6.
Some localities not helping
“Reports reaching me from a variety of sources, including the OPA and the ODT, show that drivers in a great many localities are cooperating wholeheartedly with the rubber conservation program,” Jeffers said.
“Other are not. This is a job that must be done by all of the people everywhere. #
“We must all limit ourselves to essential driving and I cannot think of any definition of ‘essential’ that includes such things as aimless Sunday afternoon cruising.”
Good examples are cited
As an example of a thorough-going approach to the conservation problem, Mr. Jeffers cited these rules adopted for taxicabs in Los Angeles:
One—No taxicab shall leave any railroad station or transportation terminal or defense plant with less than a full load when additional passengers are waiting for trips in the same general direction.
Two—Operations from hotels to depots or transportation terminals shall be conducted as to insure the handling of multiple loads. .
Three—No trips shall be made from places of entertainment and all requests for service to places of entertainment shall be refused . . .
Four—No trips shall be made by the Yellow Cab Co. to or from points more than 25 miles air line distance from Seventh and Broadway, except in cases of extreme emergency, and no trips shall be made by this company to or from points more than 12^ miles air line distance from Seventh and Broadway where there is regular public transportation service, except during hours when regular public transportation is not operated.
Five—All other taxicab operators shall conform to the same mileage restrictions as stated for the Yellow Cab Co. in paragraph No. 4 except, that distances shall be measured from their principal place of business.
Speeders disappearing
Many sections of the Nation are reporting excellent observance of the 35-mile speed limit, Mr. Jeffers said. He cited these examples:
Northern California police report observance of better than 85 percent and the State Highway Department of Oregon says at least 75 percent of drivers are observing the limit. Reports from high-speed, motor crowded southern California term the response there “nothing short of miraculous.”
Eldon Rowe, chief of the Minnesota highway police, reported to OWI re-_ gional offices that the speed limit is being generally observed in his State, and Minneapolis police say they are getting 92 percent compliance with city regulations.
Capt. Frank J. O’Maliy of the Chicago traffic police forecast that “in another month we will have a hard time finding a speeder” and similar reports have been received from many other sections of the Nation.
Idle tire purchase plan spotty
One part of the program that appears to be lagging at the moment, Mr. Jeffers said, is the idle tire purchase plan, of which results have been spotty.
“Let me emphasize,” he said, “the importance of every car owner turning in his idle tires. This is an integral part of the Nation-wide rubber plan. If idle tires come in now, we will have time to inspect them, repair them, and turn them back to motorists who need them. Without these idle tires the task of keeping the Nation’s cars operating for essential mileage becomes far more difficult.
Periodic inspections of tires necessary if passenger cars continue in operation
America’s passenger auto tires are about to have their ills diagnosed frequently and with great care as part of the Nation’s rubber conservation plan.
At nominal cost
The least cut or bruise will be sent up for immediate attention, and while the job of keeping the tires in good running order exceeds in size anything of its kind ever undertaken, it is expected to go forward with less inconvenience to the average motorist than an ordinary car grease job, and at a cost so small as to make it a bargain to the car owner in terms of extended tire life. The first inspection must be completed before January 31, 1943.
Details of inspection
Details of the inspection to be given each tire every 4 months by an estimated 100,000 approved inspectors, including tire service and garage men throughout the country, were made public November 6 by the OPA.
The inspection includes:
♦
1.	Check of ration book and tire inspection record.
2.	Listing of serial numbers of all tires on car.
3.	Check for correct air pressure in each tire.
4.	Recording of speedometer mileage reading on tire inspection record.
5.	Check for bent rims and out-of-true wheels.
6.	Check for cuts or breaks in tire side walls and treads.
7.	Check general condition of tires for cuts, breaks, and evidences of wear from badly alined wheels, faulty brakes, unbalanced wheels, camber malalinement and excessive wear of kingpins, bushings, and wheel bearings.
8.	Obtain information from driver as to whether any tire has been injured inside and not repaired.
If tires pass this visual inspection, the inspector signs the inspection record and the car may continue in operation. A fee for this service may be charged not to exceed 25 cents for each passenger vehicle when it is unnecessary to remove any tires. OPA estimates that each inspection will require about 15 minutes.
Where visual inspection reveals probable serious tire ailments, the inspectors will require removal of the casings for closer scrutiny and will prescribe the necessary repairs which must be made before inspection approval is given.
November 10, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
13
New “C” stickers to tell public purpose of preferred mileage
Newly designed “C” stickers which will make known to the public the precise purpose for which car owners have been granted preferred mileage were announced November 4 by the OPA. The new stickers are being distributed for use when Nation-wide mileage rationing begins on November 22.
All ration holders are required by OPA to display on their cars stickers for the highest type of ration book issued them.
The new “C” stickers, 2^ inches wide and G% inches long, must be displayed in conformity with State laws, car owners are warned.
Eastern drivers operating their cars on “C” rations will not be required to change to the new stickers at this time, OPA stated.
★ ★ ★
Drivers urged to dispose of idle tires before registration
Motorists in the area where gasoline rationing is not yet in effect were urged November 2 by Paul M. O’Leary, OPA deputy administrator in charge of rationing, to dispose of idle tires as quickly as possible so that they will not have more than the permissible five per car when they register for gasoline books.
“Ownership of idle tires at the time of registration will greatly complicate the process of getting a mileage ration book,” Mr. O’Leary said. “All tires over the permitted number, therefore, should be sold to the Government under the Idle Tire Purchase Plan if they are usable or can be made usable by repairs. Tires beyond repair should be disposed of to a local scrap dealer or salvage committee.”
Mr. O’Leary also urged passenger-car owners in the eastern area where gasoline rationing has been in effect for some time to sell their idle tires as soon as possible in order to qualify for continued use of their gasoline books. On or after November 22 it will be illegal for anyone who owns idle tires to use gasoline in his car.
* ♦ *
TIRE INSPECTIONS, the first under General Order ODT No. 21 requiring all commercial motor vehicles to carry certificates of war necessity, must be made between November 15 and January 15, under an amendment to the order issued by ODT Director Eastman.
Local board quotas limit tires as all drivers in need are made eligible
All passenger cars will be eligible for recapping services or replacement tires under the national mileage rationing program effective November 22, but the number receiving new tires or recapping certificates will be limited by quotas to be assigned to War Price and Rationing Boards. The type of certificate issued will be determined by the amount of mileage allowed the applicant in his gas ration book and will be subject to the quota allocated to the applicant’s rationing board.
This was announced November 7 by OPA, as copies of the new tire rationing regulations were mailed to War Price and Rationing Boards. The rules regarding commercial vehicles, farm trucks, tractors, and similar equipment remain substantially unchanged.
In the event a local board receives more valid applications than it has quota~to accommodate, it will have to decide among the applicants on the basis of relative importance to the war program, public health, and public safety.
To provide as much mileage as possible with a minimum use of rubber from the Nation’s stock pile, emphasis will be put on recapping the tires now on cars,
Application for extra gasoline available when basic registration begins November 12
GASOLINE REGISTRATION PERIOD in the new rationing areas will begin November 12, and will last 3 days, except where local conditions may require adjustment in the length of the period. The original opening date of November 9, erroneously appearing in one story in VICTORY last week, had been abandoned after the story was written.
Motorists who seek more mileage than the basic ration under mileage rationing will have to furnish specific, detailed information about their driving requirements on a form made public November 5 by OPA.
In sections of the country outside the present gasoline rationed area, these applications for supplemental rations will be at schoolhouses designated as registration sites. They will be available to passenger car owners who ask for them when they apply for their basic A or D rations. Schoolhouse registration will begin on November 12, and will extend over a period of 3 days unless local con-
which will be done with a material made almost entirely of reclaimed rubber. With a few exceptions, car owners will not be eligible for replacement tires if their casings can be made serviceable by recapping.
The car owner whose gasoline allowance is 560 miles a month or less and whose tires are worn to the recapping point will be eligible for a certificate entitling him to get them recapped. If any of the casings are unfit for recapping, then he will be eligible for a certificate authorizing the purchase of a Grade III tire. Grade III tires, as defined in the regulations, are used tires, recapped tires, and new tires made of reclaimed rubber.
A passenger-car owner who gets gasoline for more than 560 miles but less than 1,000 will be eligible for a recapping job if his tire carcass is recappable. If it is not, he will be eligible for a certificate for a Grade II tire. Hiis grade includes tires with a retail list price no higher than 85 percent of the price for standard Grade I casings. It also includes damaged new tires, “factory seconds” as marked by the manufacturer, and all new tires manufactured before January 1, 1938. “Changeover” tires also are Grade II. A “changeover” is a tire which has gone less than 1,000 miles but has been run sufficiently to wear off the mold marks.
Car owners with monthly allotments In excess of 1,000 miles will be eligible for recapping, or, if their casings are not recappable, for Grade I tires.
All mileage book holders will be eligible for inner tubes.
ditions require some adjustment in the length of the period.
In the Eastern rationed area where there will be no registration, copies of the form will go to local War Price and Rationing Boards for use when autoists apply either for supplemental rations or for renewals of such rations.
The applicant uses the same supplemental blank whether the War Price and Rationing Board eventually issues him a supplemental ration in the form of a B book or a C book.
On the form he estimates his occupational driving needs for the next 3 months, states the occupation, or occupations, for which that mileage is needed, and tells what arrangements he has made to share his car with others.
All supplemental ration applications being made by members of a car-sharing arrangement must be filed together if the automobiles are within the jurisdiction of one Board.
14
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November 10, 1942
Local boards asked to name competent tire men to handle inspections on fee basis
The OPA has called upon local War Price and Rationing Boards to appoint all competent tire men in their communities as fee-basis inspectors so that its plan for periodic tire inspections can be handled with a minimum of inconvenience to vehicle operators.
Need not be in tire business
This move is in line with the report of the Baruch Committee, which recommended compulsory periodic tire inspections, with the inspections to be made by “recognized tire dealers and repair men who have experienced help and who are fully equipped for the purpose of examining tires and advising as to their maintenance.”
Inspectors need not be in the tire business, OPA said, but they should be men familiar with tire maintenance and repair so that they can tell, by examining the outside of a tire, whether some mechanical fault of the vehicle on which it is operated is causing undue wear. In addition, they should have establishments at which they can make the examinations. It is not necessary, OPA said, for inspectors themselves to have the
Control of sugar imports tightened
Closer supervision over importation of sugar into the United States is made possible by an amendment to the sugar rationing regulations announced November 5 by the OPA. The amendment was developed, and will be administered, with the cooperation of the Commissioner of Customs.
Henceforth the only ones who may bring in sugar without surrendering stamps, certificates, or special authorizations to the collector of customs are primary distributors, and they have been defined to include only those who manufacture sugar or import sugar for sale.
The new definition of primary distributor also expressly excludes those who import sugar from Canada or Mexico.
Individual consumers are prohibited from importing sugar. This will prevent individuals from bringing in sugar from Canada and Mexico to supplement their ration allowances.
Purpose of the amendment, the OPA stated, will effect equitable distribution of the available sugar supply.
equipment to make the repairs they recommend for the tires or to correct faulty mechanism causing tire wear.
Some equipment necessary
An inspector does not need to have wheel alining machinery, or brake adjustment or tire recapping equipment. He must, however, have a tire pressure * gage and the tools for demounting tires when that is necessary. In addition, he must have a spreader to permit him to examine the inside of a casing, and jacks to raise the wheels off the ground.
OPA suggested that many service station and garage operators will be able to qualify as tire inspectors. It suggested further that persons who wish to become inspectors apply to their local boards for-appointment.
Service or maintenance employees of truck and bus fleet owners who qualify as competent tire men may be appointed as official inspectors, OPA said. As such, they may inspect the tires on the vehicles in their employers’ fleets and fill out the necessary inspection forms.
Inspections of passenger car tires will begin December 1 and of commercial vehicles November 15.
Sugar delivery zones 1, 5 expanded to cut freight hauls
Areas to be served by primary distributors in two of the Nation’s 12 sugar delivery zones were increased November 6 by an OPA order reflecting changes in the location of -sugar supply. Consequent reductions in the territory served by western beet and cane sugar processors were made at the same time.
Cuts Government costs
To reduce the length of freight hauls and the burden of freight costs borne by the Government, sufficient off-shore raw sugar has been diverted to the Boston area to permit refiners in that center to serve Maine and New Hampshire as a part of Zone 1. These two States were previously a part of Zone 11, which was served by western refiners, with the Government reimbursing the shipper for the added freight cost entailed.
Zone 5 has been expanded to include that part of the State of Virginia which until now has been part of Zone 11. Supplies held by Defense Supplies Corporation and supplies of off-shore refined sugar recently received will be made available in this area.
The same order that maks these changes also revokes the previous provision for shipments of sugar into Zone 1 by primary distributors In Zone 12.
Fair rations assured late registrants for fuel
No penalties will be imposed upon persons who must register for fuel-oil rations after November 1 because of delays in printing and distribution of application forms, Paul M. O’Leary, deputy administrator in charge of rationing for OPA, announced November 1.
The procedure for these individuals provides that they will receive the proportion of the ration required for the degree days remaining in the heating season from the actual date of registration less the inventory on hand at that date. These'applicants also will receive consumer coupons to be surrendered to dealers for deliveries since October 1. However, in no case will the total coupon issuance exceed the maximum ration to which the individual would have been entitled had he registered before November 1.
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Rubber firm granted relief on bicycle tires, tubes
Mansfield Tire & Rubber Co. has been granted permission to increase the selling prices of two brands of bicycle tires and one brand of tube to relieve it of a “squeeze” under the general maximum price regulation, the OPA announced November 4.
Ceiling prices for jobbers of the three items also have been raised, but on only one of the three is the retail maximum increased.
♦ * *
MOTOR TEST VEHICLES being used to test tires, fuels, or equipment were exempted October 6 from the national speed limit of 35 miles an hour in Exemption Order ODT No. 32-1 issued by ODT Director Eastman. The order applies to vehicles operated by the Federal Government, the District of Columbia and any State or political subdivision and also exempts vehicles “used exclusively for the experimental testing of synthetic or natural rubber tires by manufacturers or producers of such tires.”
* * ♦
MAPLE SYRUP—Packers of blended maple syrup—who now add less expensive corn syrup to this breakfast table favorite because of sugar rationing and a heavy demand for maple syrup—must apply to OPA for a ceiling price on this changed product, the OPA warned the industry November 5.
November 10, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
15
90 percent of spray-dried milk set aside for armed forces and Lend-Lease shipments
Secretary of Agriculture Wickard issued effective November 5 a conservation order which directs manufacturers of spray process dried skim milk to set aside each month 90 percent of their production for direct war uses.
The Conservation order (DA-1) was Issued following' a directive issued by Donald M. Nelson, WPB Chairman, delegating to Secretary Wickard his authority to set aside dried milk for the armed forces and for Lend-Lease.
AMA to administer order
Actual administration of the order will be carried out by the Agricultural Marketing Administration, which buys all of the food for Lend-Lease shipment. Up to date, offers of spray dried skim milk from the industry and AMA purchases have been lagging behind Lend-Lease requirements which are by far the largest of the governmental war requirements for this product.
The armed forces will continue to have first call on the supply and will buy dried milk from the industry, through their various purchasing units. These purchases, as well as other purchases by designated Government agencies, will be Included in the 90 percent reserve.
A firm operating more than one plant with spray equipment used wholly or partly for drying skim milk need only set ^aside 90 percent of the combined output without respect to where it was produced. Likewise, a bona fide sales agency may elect to represent all its member units.
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United Nations officials lunch on dehydrated foods
Several high officials of the United States and British Governments, who are responsible for making food supplies available for the United Nations, were guests at a luncheon November 6 at which only dehydrated foods were served.
In addition to learning what dehydrated foods tasted like, the guests were shown, by pictures and charts, how much dehydrated foods save in the way of transportation, container metal, storage facilities, shipping space, and manpower. Lee Marshall, food consultant to WPB Chairman Nelson, was luncheon host.
Wickard, Davis, McNutt, Landis appeal to Governors to back meat-sharing program
A Nation-wide educational campaign by the civilian defense and nutrition organizations of the 48 State governments for fair sharing of the civilian meat supply was called for in telegrams sent November 4 to the Governors of every State by four Federal officials.
Citizens asked to act voluntarily
The telegram was sent by: Claude R. Wickard, Secretary of Agriculture, and chairman of the Foods Requirements1 Committee of the WPB; Elmer Davis, director of the Office of War Information; Paul V. McNutt, director of the Office of Defense, Health and Welfare Services; and James M. Landis, director of the Office of Civilian Defense.
The text of their telegram follows:
As a necessary war measure to provide meat for our armed forces and fighting allies, a Government order restricts supplies of meat for civilians. Civilian supplies, while normal in size, are smaller than would be bought at present high purchasing power. The situation requires rationing, but this cannot be started for some time. Meantime, the Government asks citizens to act voluntarily for
OPA orders review of Army beef pricing to cut cost and halt bidding up of cattle
In a move that will effect substantial savings to the Army on its canned meat purchases, OPA on October 31 fixed specific dollars-and-cents price ceilings on a zone basis for boneless canner and cutter beef.
At the same time, OPA took steps to correct a situation wherein most sellers to the canners of Army canned beef, lacking a ready method for determining their ceiling prices under new quality specifications, have been securing excessive prices for boneless canner and cutter beef since early August.
New product came high
The nub of the problem is the Army’s changed specifications on boneless beef for canning which went into effect August 8. Because of this change, probably no seller of boneless beef for canning has been selling the Army exactly the same product as he was during the March base period of Maximum Price Regulation No. 169 (Beef and Veal Carcasses and Wholesale Cuts).
As a result, OPA said, sales to canners of this product have been made in large quantities during the past few months at excessive prices. Furthermore, OPA laid a large portion of the stimulus for
fair sharing of meat among the 128 million of us not in uniform.
2^2 pounds per week
To this end, the Foods Requirements Committee of the War Production Board, and the Office of War Information, with the assistance of the Nutrition Division of the Office of Defense, Health and Welfare Services and the Office of Civilian Defense have developed a national Share-the-Meat program for action by individual citizens. The Government calls on citizens to hold their consumption at the fair share of 2% pounds per week for each adult and adolescent. If all citizens now eating above sharing level will come within that level, each of us, including war workers, will get our fair share of the wartime meat supply. ' .
We solicit your quick and energetic cooperation, and especially the cooperation of your civilian defense and nutrition organizations in taking the Share-the-Meat educational program to citizens of your State. Information outlining In detail steps which should be taken by State and local Defense Councils and Nutrition Committees has been forwarded. Your action to throw the full weight of your office behind the efforts of these agencies and assure in your State the success of the program as laid out by the cooperating Federal agencies will truly serve the national Interest in a critical phase of the wartime program on the home front.
higher cattle prices to canners. These canners have bid low-grade cattle up to Inordinately high prices, since such merchandisers are exempt from price regulation until January 1,1943, and can pass the higher costs on to the Army.
Sellers’ methods to be reviewed
Therefore, OPA notified its regional offices of the permitted dollars-and-cents ceilings effective October 31 in a price order for Swift & Co. Since probably no other seller has legitimate ceilings on these products, OPA has asked its field staff to call in all sellers to demonstrate how their present ceilings on boneless beef for canning are computed. In all cases where a legitimate celling does not exist thé seller is required to use the prices established in this order.
The Swift order, No. 12 under Maximum Price Regulation No. 169, sets ceiling prices for 10 zones throughout the country with boneless canner and cutter beef prices, delivered, per hundredweight ranging from $21.75 in one zone to $23.50 in another. In the event that boneless beef for Army canned meat is ordered and delivered frozen, Swift & Co. may add 25 cents per hundredweight to the applicable zone prices.
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November 10,1942
TRANSPORTATION...
Railroads barred from accepting shipments, in freight cars not meeting load limits
Specific maximum loading regulations affecting a wide variety of goods, grain and grain products, packaged liquids, building materials, and other bulk and nonbulk freight have been provided by the ODT in a new special directive issued in connection with ODT’s maximum carloading order, it was announced November 2.
Many products affected
The directive (Special Directive ODT No. 18 Revised-3), supersedes the first direction issued simultaneously with the order, and became effective on November 1.
The general order, which became effective November 1, prohibits railroads from accepting, with certain exceptions, shipments in freight cars which are not loaded either to their marked weight capacity or to their visible capacity.
According to the new directive, railroads may accept straight or mixed carload shipments of rice in packages of less than 50 pounds each, starch, seed, grain products and byproducts, meal and feed' all in containers, provided the car is loaded to at least 60,000 pounds.
Corn, maize, oats, unground screenings, and sorghum grain heads unthreshed must be loaded to 80 percent of the marked weight capacity of the car, or to an elevation not lower than 24 inches from the ceiling of the car measured at the side walls. Shelled corn
Vessel owners warned against unapproved sale to aliens
In an effort again to warn vessel owners who still may be unfamiliar with the law, the Maritime Commission November 2 called attention to Section 37 of the Shipping Act of 1916, which was invoked by the Presidential Proclamation of an unlimited national emergency on May 27, 1941, and which requires prior approval by the Commission before the sale or delivery of any type of vessel may be made to an alien. Many small vessel owners, including the owners of pleasure vessels, apparently unaware of the law have sold their craft in recent months to noncitizens, without first obtaining Commission approval.
and threshed maize are required to be loaded to either the marked grain line in the car, or to within 24 inches of the ceiling.
Coal must be loaded to 80 percent of the marked weight capacity when loaded into a closed freight car.
Canned goods, including canned milk, must be loaded to not less than 65,000 pounds, while turpentine and pine oil in cans or bottles must attain a minimum weight of 40,000 pounds.
Straight carload shipments of cement in paper bags, when loaded into cars of 100,000 pounds capacity, shall be loaded to not less than 95,000 pounds.
The direction provides that unshelled peanuts in bags shall not be loaded less than 40,000 pounds, and shelled peanuts in bags shall attain a minimum weight of 50,000 pounds.
Tobacco in hogsheads, when origin or destination station is not provided with mechanical equipment for double-decking, must be loaded in a single tier covering the entire floor space of the car.
Special instructions are contained in the direction for the loading of both precooled and nonprecooled citrus fruits which are to be shipped during the months of November to March, inclusive. Also covered is the loading of lettuce and carrots, in standard crates, in-refrigerator cars.
Other food products covered are cranberries, dressed poultry, butter, eggs, cheese, frozen fruits and vegetables, potatoes, apples, and onions. In the case of cranberries no minimum weight is specified, but dressed poultry must be loaded to at least 28,000 pounds, fresh butter in prints to 35,000 pounds and dried eggs in containers to 45,000 pounds. The direction calls for at least 600 cases of shell eggs in a car and at least 40,000 pounds' of either packaged or bulk cheese.
Migratory farm workers told how to get truck certificates
Migratory farm workers who use trucks in traveling from job to job and who are far from home were urged October 31 to consult the nearest district ODT office on how to apply for Certificates of .War Necessity for their trucks.
ODT officials said they had been informed that many such workers were planning to leave their jobs and return home in the fear that they would be unable to operate their trucks after November 15. .
District offices of the ODT, of which there are 142, will assist migratory workers in applying for Certificates, the ODT said.
Committee named to survey tank car facilities
The ODT October 21 announced preliminary steps to head off depletion of the supply of rail tank cars which are being operated at a grinding pace to speed petroleum to the oil-thirsty East.
A committee has been formed to investigate maintenance facilities and practice and make recommendations for a fuller utilization of those facilities. The committee, the ODT said, has been given full authority to obtain any information needed. It is composed of two representatives each of tank-car lessors, shipper owners in the petroleum industry, and the American Association of Railroads, and one member each representing the Office of the Petroleum Coordinator and the ODT.
Membership
Members, named by their respective groups, are:
A. V. Bourque, chief of the section of tankcar service of the ODT’s division of petroleum and other liquid transport; Boyd Wilson, of OPC; W. C. Steffa and John S. Wood, both oi New York, representing the owner shippers; J. J. Root, Jr., and J. S. Acworth, both of Chicago, representing lessors; and V. R. Hawthorne, Chicago, and W. E. Callahan, Washington, D. C., representing the AAR. \
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Rules relaxed to speed sale of new autos to War Department
Sale to the War Department of more than 28,000 new automobiles now in dealers’ showrooms throughout the country was expedited by the issuance November 2 of Amendment No. 1 to General Conservation Order M-130.
The cars, Chevrolet, Ford, and Plymouth sedans and coupes, come within the allocation made to the War Department last July. They are in the hands of approximately 5,000 dealers, with only a small quantity held by any one dealer.
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MILEAGE SAVED in an operating unit through the lease, sale, or transfer of routes or portions of routes must be subtracted from the basic total by a motor carrier before computing permissible mileage for the operating unit under General Order ODT No. 17, Jack Garrett Scott, general counsel of the ODT, pointed out in an interpretation November 3.
November 10, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
17
Extra passenger trains put on Florida run—. but not for tourists
One extra section of a regularly scheduled passenger train now in operation daily between New York City and points in southern Florida over each of two separate routes was authorized November 3 by ODT Director Eastman. (General Order ODT No. 24 froze, as of September 26, all passenger train schedules.)
Heavy military travel
“Due to the concentration of Army, Navy, and industrial establishments in Southern areas,’’ Mr. Eastman said, “travel between New York, Washington, and points in southern Florida has become too heavy for the regularly scheduled trains conveniently to handle it.
“In providing for one additional train daily over these two different routes from New York, ODT is in no way sanctioning tourist travel-as-usual to Florida resorts.”
Under the new permits, one train will operate via the Pennsylvania Railroad, the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad and the Seaboard Airline Railway. The other will move over the Pennsylvania, R. F. & P., Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, and the Florida East Coast Railway.
IMPORTANCE OF AUTO MAINTENANCE TO WAR
Nation-wide gasoline rationing will be “a long step toward placing automobile maintenance in the category of essential activities,” Edwin N. Fitch, assistant director of the ODT’s division of transport personnel, declared November 5.
“As long as there were no restrictions on driving, there could be no reasonable expectation that the maintenance of private automobiles would be regarded as a completely essential activity,” Mr. Fitch told the Minnesota . Automobile Dealers Association at a recent Statewide meeting.
Mr. Fitch commended to the association a vigorous campaign in support of a program to eliminate all nonessential driving.
“I cannot think of any other single matter which will have more important
and far-reaching results in protecting both your materials and your manpower situation,” Mr. Fitch said. “You are an essential industry. Were it not for the private passenger automobile there would be placed a burden upon our public transportation system which might easily result in a major break-down. But you should have full recognition by everyone as to the essential wartime role of automotive firms.”
Pooling of mechanics suggested
Discussing the manpower shortage, Mr. Fitch said:
“Under the auspices of your association, and within a given area, it might be possible to work out a pooling arrangement whereby employees not needed for the time being in one main-
tenance garage can be shifted to another where they are needed.”
Mr. Fitch revealed that the ODT’s division of transport personnel had received “a fair number” of employer suggestions that automobile maintenance employees be frozen to their jobs.
“I hope,” he said, “that you as an association and as individual members of your association will do everything in your power to meet your own manpower problems so as to avoid the necessity of a freeze order. . . .
“Compulsion itself, however, might fail unless a substantial majority of us wore convinced of its necessity. I hope that you will help us, through organized employer and organized employee effort, to push a program of voluntary cooperation just as far as it will possibly go. . . .”
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November 10, 1942
MANPOWER...	•
Women conductors, bus drivers, yard workers help keep America “on the move”
At least 300,000 women will help the transportation industry keep America “on the move” before the war is over, Otto S. Beyer, director of the division of transport personnel, ODT, predicted November 7.
Not all “white collar” workers
Since there are at present approximately 120,000 women in transportation jobs, this means that some 180,000 other women will be called upon in the coming months to take over work traditionally done by men.
Mr. Beyer emphasized that the jobs which must be filled primarily are not all in the “white collar” category in which women customarily are employed, but are jobs in the shops, hangars, terminals, and yards from which men are entering their country’s service in the armed forces.
Among the air lines women soon will comprise at least 40 percent of the personnel, including maintenance workers, Mr. Beyer estimated on the basis of reports from the industry. Women are found working as welders, riveters, radio mechanics, spark-plug cleaners, machinist specialists, and instrument repairmen.
Fill wide range of jobs
Individual cases include the following:
At Pan American Airways, Vera Covell directs landings and take-offs of dippers by radio.
Eve Freeman is traffic manager for Transcontinental & Western Air, Inc., in San Diego, and Marie Hadley is the new traffic "- manager for American Airlines in St. Louis.
A former college instructor of music, Lucie Lande, is employed in the accessory overhaul shop of Pennsylvania Central Airlines.
Mrs. Majorie Landa, daughter of a late Wyoming Congressman, is doing intricate work on a carburetor air scoop at PCA.
Isabel Ebels, an air Une engineer for United Air Lines, has been assigned to the research and development section.
Dorothy Mackay is employed by United Air Lines as a Link Trainer Operator, and Margaret White is one of the Link Trainer operators at Eastern Air Lines.
Woman conductor back
In the local transit field, the woman conductor is returning. On the Market Street Railway in San Francisco, at least 60 women are working as uniformed con-ductorettes. The San Diego Electric Railway Co. is employing women as both
street car and bus operators. Women are serving as bus drivers, street-car operators, draftsmen, and ground collectors on the Key System of Oakland, California.
Local transit companies also are hiring - women as ticket agents, dispatchers, .electrical repairmen, gatemen, and platformmen.
The use of women as truck drivers also is increasing. Trucking companies also . are beginning to employ women as chief clerks, claim adjusters, rate clerks, over-short-and-damage clerks, interline clerks, dispatchers, safety department workers, and terminal managers.
Besides their work in railroad offices and around the stations, women are busy in the shops, in the yards, and on the trains. They are to be found as engine wipers and cleaners, laborers in shops and stores, station agents, draftsmen, and levermen.
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Cotton contract
U. S. insists on guaranteed work standard for importees
War Manpower Chairman McNutt and Secretary of Agriculture Wickard telegraphed the Arizona Cotton Growers Cooperative Association November 4 that they were ready to import cotton pickers from surrounding States but the growers must first sign the minimum working conditions contract submitted to them. With the Government ready to recruit and pay transportation, and “with workers ready to accept,” the two Federal officials declared, “the Government-feels justified in holding Arizona growers responsible for saving the current crop of long staple cotton in that State.”
“The Government cannot transport workers from their homes to another sec-__tion of the country for seasonal employment without certain minimum requirements as to working conditions,” the telegram explained. “The Government believes that its policy for transporting workers affords minimum protection to the workers and adequately protects the growers against loss.”
NURSE INVENTORY LAUNCHED
To explore the adequacy of the Na-tion’s nurse power in the present critical shortage, a resurvey of all professional nurses in the United States is being initiated by the subcommittee on nursing, Office of Defense Health and Welfare Services, Paul V. McNutt, Federal Security Administrator announced Novem-_ ber 10.
To meet total war needs
In preparation for launching the survey, a meeting of all State Agents for the Inventory has been called for November 13 at the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Md. These special agents, appointed by the U. S. Public Health Service, also are representatives of the State Nursing Councils for War Service.
. This survey, to be conducted by the U. S. Public Health Service, will bring up-to-date the inventory of nurses taken - in January 1941 and will include approximately 50,000 nurses who have graduated from accredited schools of nursing in the last 2 years. It will be carried on in close cooperation with professional nursing organizations and local Red Cross nursing committees.
Miss Pearl McIver, principal nursing consultant of the U. S. Public Health Service said that, “all registered nurses and all graduate nurses who are inactive and have let their registration lapse are being urged to participate in the survey. Only by knowing the resources of the country in nurse power can we plan adequately to meet total war needs.”
The survey will be conducted by means of post cards, which will be mailed by State Agents to every nurse in their respective States.
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First aid requirement lifted for Citizens Defense Corps
OCD Director Landis November 5 announced the removal of the requirement that members of staff units of the Citizens Defense Corps have 10 hours of first aid training.
November 10, 1942
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19
Manpower Commission develops plan for releasing war workers for armed forces
Official instructions and forms for bringing about the orderly withdrawal of workers from war industries for the armed forces are available now to war contractors and operators of essential civilian activities, Chairman Paul V. McNutt, of the War Manpower Commission announced, November 6.
‘‘Manning table” lists jobs \
To accomplish such shifts of workers, he explained, the Commission and the Selective Service System have developed the “manning table plan.” Its use by employers, he said, would be voluntary. Regional and area offices of the Commission have been instructed to make available to all contractors, industrial groups, and trade associations, informa-ition concerning the operation of this plan.
Mr. McNutt explained that the “manning table” is a listing of jobs, not men. It lists, with appropriate supporting data, the different kinds of jobs in a plant or activity from the standpoint of the type of workers needed, and the number of workers for each type of job. It also shows the essential characteristics needed by each work«? for each job, and the estimated length of time required to replace each worker.
Other information required, Mr. McNutt explained, includes the time required to train new workers, jobs which can be filled by handicapped workers, and the number of additional employees needed.
“The needs of the armed forces eventually will compel the induction into active military service of practically all
men who can meet the age, physical and other requirements,” Mr. McNutt said. “These men must be released by industry. The manning table plan provides the basis for the withdrawal of such workers at a rate that will permit the training of replacements not suitable for active service.”
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6 training agencies to fight transport manpower crisis
Six governmental agencies are prepared to assist the transportation industry in training programs designed to meet the manpower crisis, Otto S. Beyer, director of the ODT’s division of transport personnel, announced November 4.
In a bulletin published by the ODT in response to requests from the industry for an outline of training aids available in the Federal Government, Mr. Beyer listed the following facilities:
Vocational Training for War Production Workers, United States Office of Education, under supervision of the War Manpower Commission; Engineering, Science, and Management War Training, United States Office of Education, also under supervision of the War Manpower Commission; Training Within Industry Division, War Manpower Commission; Apprentice Training Service, War Manpower Commission; Training for Merchant Seamen and Officers, War Shipping Administration; Civilian Pilot Training Program, Civil Aeronautics Administration.
Employers, labor representatives and educational institutions may obtain copies of the bulletin from the ODT division of transport personnel in Washington, D. C.
MINERS’ UNION RELAXES BAN ON SUNDAY, HOLIDAY WORK
TO AVERT COAL SHORTAGE
The action of the United Mine Workers of America in granting an emergency request to relax restrictions upon working time in the mines serving Washington, Oregon and other Far Western States will greatly relieve a threatened coal shortage that otherwise might have retarded war activities, Solid Fuels Coordinator for War Ickes said November 3.
John L. Lewis, president of the United Mine Workers, announced that the International Union had granted permission for mine employees in certain far Western States to work on Sundays and holidays to increase coal production to offset the threatening fuel shortage.
This is the first time in history that the miners’ union has sanctioned work on Sundays and holidays.
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Put whole labor force to work, hire Negroes, contractors urged
Four major war agencies—the War Manpower Commission, the War Production Board, the Navy and the Army— . November 9 urged American war contractors to hire more Negro workers as a means of increasing war production.
This action is stressed in a 15-page illustrated pamphlet, “MANPOWER: One Tenth of a Nation,” issued by the War Manpower Commission and signed by Paul V. McNutt, Chairman, WMC; Donald M. Nelson, Chairman, WPB; Frank Knox, Secretary of the Navy; and Robert P. Patterson as Acting Secretary of War. /
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November 10, 1942
LABOR... ”
Wage, salary increases will be approved only in exceptional cases under national wage policy announced by Board
The National War Labor Board last week announced a national wage policy under which increases in wages and salaries will be approved only in exceptional cases. The Board also announced two new general orders, one outlining conditions under which a bonus or other form of compensation may be paid to employees in the future, and the other giving employers until December 1 to file for retroactive approval of wage increases granted in good faith on or before November 7. The Board also extended General Orders Nos. 1 and 2 to apply to salaries as well as wages.
WLB wage stabilization policy announced
Increases in wages and salaries will be approved only in exceptional cases, the National War Labor Board announced last week in Issuing the policy under which it will administer that part of the wage and salary stabilization program over which it has jurisdiction. The policy, which refers to both wage and salary Increases, was adopted unanimously by the public, labor and industry members of tiie Board. The policy states:
“The policy directive given the National War Labor Board by Congress and by the President is clear. Under that directive, the Board will act on the presumption that wage rates prevailing on September 15, 1942 are proper. The Board will grant wage increases over the level prevailing on September 15, 1942 only in exceptional cases and in accordance with the following paragraph of Executive Order No. 9250 of October 3, 4942:
“ ‘The National War Labor Board shall not approve any increases in the wage rates prevailing on September 15, 1942, unless such increase is necessary to correct maladjustments or inequalities, to eliminate substandards of living, to correct gross inequities, or to aid in the effective prosecution of the war.’ ”
The policy further states that the Board will “examine carefully each claim for such exceptional treatment before approving any increase.” In considering specific cases the Board will be
guided by the general principles outlined in the policy which briefly are as follows:
1.	Maladjustments.
If a group of employees, the policy states, has received Increases amounting to 15 percent in their average straight-time rates over the level prevailing on January 1, 1941, the Board will not grant further increases as a correction for maladjustments * * *
To correct these maladjustments, the Board will consider requests for general increases in straight-time rates up to 15 percent above the level prevailing on January 1, 1941. This policy sets a terminal point for general wage Increases. It is not applicable to individual workers or to employees in particular job. classifications. It will be applied only to groups composed of all the employees in a bargaining unit, in a plant, a company, or an industry, depending upon the circumstances of each case.
The WLB Regional Directors may adjust rates to correct such maladjustments only in cases arising in industries specifically designated by the Board. This list of industries will be announced by the Board in the next few days. Proposed wage adjustments in industries not so listed must be referred to the Board in Washington for action.
2.	Inequalities and Gross Inequities.
The wage rate inequalities and the gross Inequities which may require adjustment under the stabilization program are those which represent manifest injustices that arise from unusual and unreasonable differences in wage rates.
Wage differentials which are established and
stabilized are normal to American Industry and will not be disturbed by the Board.
The Board itself will review all cases where increases are requested under this section. Such cases must go to the Regional Director for his approval first.
3.	Substandards of Living.
The Board is not in a position at this time to enunciate a.general policy to govern the adjustment of wages to eliminate substandards of living. The Board will not undertake to measure substandards of living by any fixed wage rate.
Such cases involving substandards of living as may arise will be considered by the Board on their individual merits until sufficient experience has accumulated to permit the statement of a more general policy.
4.	Effective Prosecution of the War.
The National War Labor Board will not approve wage increases for the purpose of influencing or directing the flow of manpower.
When in a particular case management and labor, in cooperation with the War'Manpower--Commission and other government agencies, hâve taken concerted action to solve a manpower need, the Board will consider a request in that case to correct whatever inequalities or gross inequities may then need correction.
This policy applies not only to wages but to the salaries over which the Board has jurisdiction.
General Orders 10 and 11 Issued
The WLB last week announced that a bonus, fee, gift, commission or other form of compensation customarily paid employees can be continued in the future without approval by the Board with two provisos:
(1)	If it is a fixed amount, the total amount paid during the current bonus year must not exceed the total paid an employee for like work during the preceding bonus year.
(2)	If it ts computed on a percentage, incentive or similar basis, the rate and method of computation may not be changed during the current bonus year unless they yield no more than they did during the preceding year. The employee may receive a greater amount during the current bonus year only if the rate and method of computation are not changed.
This action came in the form of General Order No. 10. It covers only the compensations for those whose wages or salaries are under the jurisdiction of the Board. The Board has jurisdiction over all wages and over salaries under $5,000, except for supervisory or professional employees.
In General Order No. 11, unanimously adopted last week, the Board gave employers until December 1 to file for retroactive approval of wage increases granted on or prior to November 7, 1942. The action was taken in order “to prevent hardships resulting from innocent action in the period of transition.”
November 10, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
21
Farmers should count home-slaughtered meat in 2%-pound allowance
Meat slaughtered on farms for use in homes on the farms, and that which families purchase in quantities for storage in freezer lockers, should be counted in the 2^ pound weekly sharing allowance, according to Claude R. Wickard, chairman* of the Foods Requirements Committee.
All families asked to help
( All families in the Nation are being asked to contribute alike to the voluntary “share the meat” program by keeping weekly meat consumption to 2^ pounds per person over 12 years of age. This applies to the meat from cattle, calves, hogs, and sheep, since the “share the meat” program affects all beef, pork, veal, lamb, and mutton, except such “delicacies” as liver, kidneys, sweetbreads, feet, heads, tails, etc.
To avoid waste when large supplies of home-slaughtered meat are temporarily Available, as at butchering times, farmers may find it necessary to consume a larger volume, but as an average of the year, their consumption should be held to 2^ pounds per person weekly.
Stored meats included
Farmers who butcher meat for sale locally may continue to do so. However families who purchase such meat from farmers, or obtain meat from other sources for storage in freezer lockers, are expected to consume it in accordance with their sharing allowance.
In calculating the amount of meat to be available to United States civilians during the 1942-43 marketing year, the Foods Requirements Committee included ’ farm-slaughtered meat in the total as .well as commercially-slaughtered meat.
The sharing allowance for age groups is: Under 6 years—% pound; from 6 tc 12 years—1% pounds; over 12 years— 2^ pounds.
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FEEDING STUFFS.—Because manj sellers of animal product feeding stuffs claimed they had no set differentials in price between sales in carload lots and in less-than-carload lots, the OPA announced October 30 that the fixed dollars and cents ceiling prices prevjouslj established for such meat scraps and digester tankage will prevail for botl full and part-car lots.
Farm deferment queries answered
To maintain and increase production on livestock, poultry, and dairy farms by stabilizing employment, a War Manpower Commission program is about to be put into effect which includes among other details the following: Selective Service recommendation for deferment of farmers and for workers on such farms; Army and Navy agreement not to accept enlistment by such individuals; Government directives to war contractors not to hire them; assistance in increasing production and in putting additional farm land to such production.
The following questions and answers explain some details of the program:
Farm size a factor
Q. To what men does this program apply?
A. Those who work most of the time the year round at dairy, and poultry or livestock production.
Q. Does the farm size matter?
A. Yes. For deferment of one skilled operator, it must have at least 12 dairy cows with minimum annual production „ of 45,000 pounds of milk, or the livestock or poultry equivalent. Equivalents for 1 cow are: 8.5 hogs (raised), 3.2 beef cows, 4.8 yearlings, 3.9 two-year-old steers, 3.5 feedlot cattle, 16.5 ewes, 80 feedlot lambs, 74 hens, 250 chickens (raised), 500 broilers or 40 turkeys (raised). Or a combination of these animals may total enough to qualify the farm as an essential one.
Given time to qualify
Q. Can a farm with less stock qualify?
A. Yes. A farm with eight dairy cows producing at least 30,000 pounds of milk a year, or with the equivalent in other animal units, can qualify if the operator takes steps to increase the number. He will have 3 months to increase by two cows, or the equivalent, and 3 more months to increase the total to 12 cows, or the equivalent.
Q. Just what will draft boards do?
A. The Selective Service System has told them to consider occupational deferment for such workers on such farms, to reclassify as III-B those now in III-A on grounds of dependency, and to give skilled workers on farms which do not qualify as essential by the foregoing yardstick a chance to locate on essential farms. Local boards will not automatically defer all workers on essential farms, but will consider whether their leaving would hurt production on the farms to a material degree.
Q. What about voluntary enlistment?
A. Both Army and Navy have agreed not to accept for voluntary enlistment any man without a certificate from his draft board showing he is not in a class or classification as an essential dairy, livestock, or poultry producer or worker.
Q. What about war plant jobs?
A. All employers doing work for the Government will be instructed not to employ farm workers skilled in these types of production without approval of the U. S. Employment Service.
WMC to head program
Q. What about increasing production?
A. Two agencies will help, the U. S. Employment Service and the Department of Agriculture.
The Employment Service will recruit essential farm workers from less critical occupations and assist skilled workers who are not performing essential functions on the farm where they are, to locate on other farms. The Department of Agriculture will cooperate by finding skilled operators and laborers in areas of rural labor surplus to be relocated.
In addition, the Department of Agriculture will help operators and tenants to obtain more animals to buy or lease more land and, if necessary, to locate on more productive farms. The Department will assist in farm wage stabilization. It will cooperate with the U. S. Office of Education in training courses for farm workers and with the War Production Board in controlling sales for slaughter of dairy cattle.
Q. Who heads up all this program?
A. The program is directed by the War Manpower Commission. In addition to preparing and issuing to other Federal agencies the directive to carry out these and other details of the program, the Commission also urges nonagricultural employers not to hire help from intensive dairy, livestock, and poultry farm areas.
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OPA to ration milk cans, farm fencing
Authority to ration milk cans and farm fencing is conferred upon the OPA by Supplementary Directive No. 1-P, issued October 30 by the director general for operations.
Under the directive, It is understood that OPA proposes to redelegate authority to ration such cans and fencing to the Department of Agriculture.
The directive covers milk-shipping containers possessing a substantially cylindrical shape, a coating of tin or substitute sanitary coating, and a “necked in” top.
22
★ VICTORY ★
November 10, 1942
Pleas for individual price adjustments, jamming OP A, put under strict limits; general changes to be given preference
A change in administrative policy, limiting the grounds upon which individual ceiling price adjustments will be granted, was announced November 3 by OPA,
Individual pleas delayed action
The handling of individual adjustment applications was found to be delaying full employment of the agency’s limited manpower and resources on matters affecting whole industries. Experience has shown that remaining problems can for the most part be handled more fairly and effectively by issuance of a regulation or amendment of general application than by individual adjustment. Accordingly, adjustments henceforth will be limited to situations in which general action is impracticable or in which urgent needs of the war program require action in advance of a general regulation or amendment.
Several types of petitions brought to end
A series of steps is being taken to implement the new policy. Of principal interest are the changes in the general maximum price regulation. These revisions involve:
1.	Termination on November 30 of Section 18 (a) of the general maximum price regulation and all similar sections in other price regulations (except the services regulation— Maximum Price Regulation No. 165—as amended). This section allowed a retailer to apply for price adjustments if he was suffering substantial hardship because his ceiling price was abnormally low in relation to his competitors. Applications for relief under this section (whether in the general maximum price regulation or any other regulation) will be accepted until midnight, November 30, and will be processed, along with all other applications pending as of that date.
2.	Termination on November 15 of Section 18 (b) of the general maximum price regulation and similar sections in all other price regulations. Applications from wholesalers and manufacturers under this section (whether in the general maximum price regulation or any other regulation) wiU be accepted until midnight November 15 and will be processed, along with all other applications pending as of that date.
3.	Immediate revocation of Section 18 (c) of the general maximum price regulation and similar sections in all other price regulations (except the services regulation). This section was a “catch-all” which allowed the filing of petitions for adjustment by any seller whose situation did not fit either 18 (a) or 18 (b) and who could prove the special character of his case. No pending applications will be granted under 18 (c).
4.	No change in Section 18 (d) of the general maximum price regulation. This section, a recent addition, outlines the position of OPA with respect to adjustments of maximum retail prices that conflict with “fair trade” prices generally in effect during March 1942.
5.	Revocation of Section 18 (e) of the general maximum price regulation and its''replacement by a paragraph stating that OPA, or any duly authorized agent, may adjust any maximum price established under the general maximum price regulation in such cases as may be specified by supplementary regulation. Simultaneously, there is being issued Supplementary Regulation No. 15, which incorporates special provisions for adjustment in maximum prices for services of carriers, other than common carriers, and for storage and terminal services. These provisions originally were contained in Section 18 (e).
Local adjustment provision added
The new Supplementary Regulation also incorporates provisions for local adjustment of maximum prices of milk and milk products and firewood formerly contained in Supplementary Regulation 14. If any provisions are adopted in the future for individual adjustment of maximum prices under the general regulation, these provisions will be issued as amendments to Supplementary Regulation 15.
One new general adjustment provision is being added to the general maximum price regulation—and when the others are eliminated will be the only one remaining of general applicability. Designated 18 (c) this new section is designed to permit local action to meet significant local shortages. It provides for price adjustments for any seller or group of sellers wherever it appears that:
1.	There is or threatens to be in a particular locality a shortage of a commodity or service which aids the war program or is essential to a civilian standard of living consistent with the prosecution of the war; and
2.	A price adjustment will substantially reduce or eliminate the local shortage; and
3.	The adjustment will not disturb supplies in any other locality; nor create a need for higher prices; and
4.	The adjustment will effectuate the purposes of the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, as amended.
Some special provisions terminated
A substantial number of OPA price regulations have included adjustment ^.provisions of a special nature—as distinguished from the Section 18 type. These have been re-examined in the light of the change in over-all policy and many are being eliminated.
Similar changes are being made in the services regulation—maximum Price Regulation No. 165 as amended. The deadline for applications filed under Sections 1499, 114(a) and (b) of that Regulation, permitting the granting of adjustments in cases involving undue hardship caused by out-of-lineness, or by cost increases between February 1 and April 27, 1942, is January 1, 1943, rather than November 15 and 30, 1942, the corresponding deadlines under the general maximum price regulation.
The additional time is granted because the services regulation did not go into effect until July 1, 1942.
For the same reason, paragraph (c) of Section 114 of the services regulation which enables sellers who do not qualify under (a) or (b) to apply for relief when they show hardship resulting from special circumstances—is retained for the present.
As part of the change-over in policy, OPA has Issued Revised Procedural Regulation No. 1. This regulation takes in Procedural Regulations No. 1 and 2 and Temporary Procedural Regulation No. 8 which are revoked. One of the features of the new procedural regulation is that it precludes the consideration of any petition for amendment of a regulation unless it involves a matter of general applicability. Heretofore, sellers have been free to ask for individual relief via the amendment method.
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Three lumber industry meetings to lay groundwork for ceilings
Three industry meetings, in Louisville, Memphis, and Atlanta, to lay the groundwork for establishing maximum prices for hardwood logs and flitch (planks or strips of wood) were announced November 3 by the OPA simultaneously with the sending of invitations to a large number of buyers and sellers.
The meetings, called by Price Executive Peter A. Stone of OPA’s lumber branch and open to all interested persons, will be held Tuesday, November 10, at 10 a. m. in the Hotel Kentucky, Louisville; on Friday, November 13, at 10 a. m. in the Hotel Peabody, Memphis, and on Tuesday, November 17, at 10 a. m. in the Hotel Ansley, Atlanta.
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DSC ammunition sales exempt from price control
Sales of ammunition by the Defense Supplies Corporation were exempted from price control November 3 by the OPA.
Under War Department control, ammunition is to be made available to certain restricted classes of civilian users, such as police and defense plant guards. A plan has been worked out by the Ordnance Division of the War Department, the WPB, and the DSC whereby civilian ammunition supplies are purchased from manufacturers by the Ordnance Division which resells exclusively to the DSC. This corporation, in turn, sells the ammunition to jobbers.
It is the latter sales which were exempted from price control by the new action. Amendment No. 36 to Supplementary Regulation No. 1 of the general maximum price regulation, effective November 7.
November 10, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
23
GINSBURG CALLS FOR CONTROL OF RAILWAY, UTILITY RATES
If the Government’s, fight against inflation is to be Successful, it is necessary that control against rising prices be applied as rigorously to transportation and public utility rates as to other prices, David Ginsburg, general counsel to the OPA, said November 5 before the Interstate Commerce Commission.
Appears in rate hearing
Mr. Ginsburg, representing Director of Economic Stabilization James F. Byrnes as well as OPA, appeared specifically in a hearing over a petition for an increase in railroad rates, fares, and charges in Texas, but made plain to the ICC that he was discussing principles which he believed would be applicable to all rate cases coming before it.
The OPA general counsel’s statement on the necessity of rigorously applying the Price Control Act of October 2, 1942, to transportation and utility rates follows in part:
“It is not too much to say that the most urgent economic problem now facing the Nation is how to increase war production without setting' off an uncontrollable spiral of inflation which would inevitably undermine the war effort and jeopardize the safe return to peace. By the act of October 2, the Congress has attempted to avoid these consequences by providing for general stabilization of prices, wages, and salaries at the levels prevailing on September 15, 1942. The Congress recognized, of course, the necessity for some adjustments—those necessary to correct gross inequities or to aid in the effective prosecution of the war.
Ceilings on goods, services, not enough
“If the program is to be successful, it is also necessary that it be applied rigorously with respect to transportation and public utility rates as with respect to other prices affecting the cost of living.”
Mr. Ginsburg asserted that it was a matter of general knowledge that railroad earnings were now so generally favorable as to make it extremely unlikely that rate increases would be necessary to insure adequate transportation service, adding that, in considering adjustments of individual rates, it Was necessary to remember that what might be undue discrimination in normal times was hot necessarily undue discrimination when countervailing considerations of national policy were at stake.
The importance of control over transportation rates, Ginsburg declared, came from the fact that it was impossible to obtain stabilization merely by putting ceilings upon the prices of goods and services bought by the public and the fact that, at every stage of the economic process, goods must be moved.
“An increase of freight rates would be a threat to the whole structure of price ceilings,” Mr. Ginsburg told the ICC.
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MONTHLY INCOME SURPASSES
10 BILLION FOR FIRST TIME
In September for the first time monthly income payments to individuals exceeded 10 billion dollars, the Department of Commerce reported November 6. Income payments of $10,128 millions in September were 11 percent greater than in August. Much of this increase is attributable to seasonal factors, but even after allowance for such influences the Department of Commerce index of total income payments advanced from 171.6 (revised) in August- to 173.0 in September.
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Henderson approves campaign against “scare” advertising
Strong endorsement of the campaign against “scare” advertising being waged by the National Association of Better Business Bureaus throughout- the country was expressed November 4 by OPA Administrator Henderson.
Mr. Henderson’s view were expressed in the letter sent to Mr. Kenneth Barnard, chairman of the War Activities Committee, National Association of Better Bureaus. Mr. Henderson’s letter defined “scare” advertising as “a cheap device used to swindle the public by creating false stimulation of purchasing.”
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USED EQUIPMENT—Manufacturers and processors—as well as merchants, farmers, and artisans—may sell their used equipment and supplies without reference to ceilings established by the general maximum price regulation, the OPA announced November 3.
OPA acts promptly to stop wave of evictions in two Nebraska counties
Moving swiftly to stop a growing wave of evictions seriously hampering war production in Hastings, Nebr.,' the OPA November 6 issued a special regulation controlling the eviction of tenants from residential property in Adams and Clay Counties, Nebr.
First of its kind
Provisions for the control of evictions in the special regulation, first of its kind issued by OPA, are the same as those in the eviction section of maximum rent regulations already in effect in 287 defense-rental areas. At least 10 days before starting an eviction action, the landlord must notify both OPA and the tenant of his intention to evict, along with the grounds on which he seeks'recovery of his property.
Not a maximum rent regulation
It was made clear that OPA is not issuing a maximum rent regulation for the two counties. Eviction Regulation No. 1 “is not for the purpose of generally reducing or stabilizing rents” but constitutes an action under the Price Act to invoke eviction restrictions, OPA said.
If the present rental situation does not materially change, it is expected that a maximum rent regulation will be issued. ’ lor Hastings after the expiration of the statutory 60-day period beginning with the date of its designation as a defenserental area.
An acting rent director will be stationed in Hastings immediately to administer the eviction regulation.
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CEILINGS ON RAILROAD TIES
A simple and effective manner of setting maximum prices for railroad ties in cases where a railroad did not receive similar ties during, the first quarter of 1942, base price of Maximum Price Regulation 216—Railroad Ties—was announced November 6 by the OPA.
Amendment No. 3 to the regulation authorizes the OPA lumber branch to set such maximum and, to speed the process, gave the branch power to set them by mail or telegram where speed was desirable in the interests of national security. The amendment becomes effective November 12.
24
★ VICTORY ★
November 10, 1942
Beer ceilings raised 50 cents a barrel
Because of new higher taxes and increased brewers’ costs, the OPA November 3 announced an upward revision in its maximum prices for beer by $1.00 to $1.50 per barrel, but limited the effect of its action on the public to beer sold in bottles or other containers.
No increase in draught beer
“Packaged” beer will rise at retail about % cent per 12 ounces on the average, but no advance is permitted in the price of draught beer. In explanation, OPA offi-- cials pointed out that the per barrel increase is measurable in its effect on the price of beer in containers. In the case of draught beer, however, the per glass increase works out to a small fraction of a cent and must be absorbed by the seller as an alternative to raising the price a full cent per glass.
Specifically, the advances authorized in OPA’s Maximum Price Regulation No. 259 (Domestic Malt Beverages), effective as of November 1, take care of:
(1)	The increased Federal excise tax of $1.00 per barrel, effective November 1, and
(2)	. Increased costs through March 1942 of 50 cents per barrel, which were not reflected in the March price ceiling for beer.
Alternative pricing possible
The new regulation protides for alternative pricing methods for brewers, wholesalers, and retailers, who may take either:
(a)	Their October 1-15,1941, selling prices, plus permitted Increases specified by OPA, amounting to $1.50 per barrel, or
(b)	Their March 1942 ceiling prices, plus the permitted increase in Federal excise tax, amounting to $1.00 per barrel.
Both alternative methods will arrive at approximately the same price ceiling, OPA officials said, but sellers may have their choice of these calculations.
All retailers may adjust their prices on single or multiple bottle sales.
The regulation also contains a formula for pricing 32-ounce bottles by the brewer and at all levels of distribution.-
Cigar prices get 20 percent rise
Reflecting new Federal taxes and higher costs of tobacco and labor, the OPA November 3 announced details of its authorized increases of approximately 20 percent in cigar prices.
The new ceilings, effective as of No- x vember 1 and contained in Maximum Price Regulation No. 260—Cigars—apply to the entire industry, from the manufacturer and wholesaler down to the retailer and corner drug store and tobacco store.
The regulation lists approximately 40 standard prices at which cigars have been selling for from 1 cent to 75 cents each and establishes a new ceiling limiting the increase in each of these price classifications.
The 5-cent cigar may now be sold for 6 cents each. Cigars formerly selling at 3 for 25 cents will go to 10 cents straight. Cigars selling for 5 cents and less account for 88 percent of the industry output.
In establishing these standard prices, OPA set up an industry-wide schedule of mark-ups between manufacturing and retailing prices thus protecting retail margins.
Reasons for increase
Three main factors made the increase necessary, OPA said.
1. New Federal excise taxes, effective No-
vember 1, based on the retail selling price of the cigar, account for approximately one-third of the 20 percent increase.
2.	Higher costs of the 1942 crop of tobacco compared with the 1941 crop, account for approximately another one-third of the increase. Since March, the cost of leaf tobacco used in cigars has gone up 15 percent.
3.	Higher labor costs, reflecting in part an industry-wide minimum wage order in August by the Wage and Hour Division of the Department of Labor, raised the minimum wage for cigar workers to 40 cents an hour, and for leaf processors to 35 cents an hour. The increase in wages since March averages 9.6 percent for the industry and adds 2.5 percent to production costs.
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Frozen fruit regulation changed to extend base periods
Because the OPA’s maximum price regulation on frozen fruits, berries, and vegetables was not effective until August 24 and many preservers of fruit preserves, jams, and jellies held back on their purchases of cold-packed fruits and berries until complete details of the order were known, OPA October 31, lengthened the preserver’s base periods in two groups of flavors for calculation of 1942 weighted average fruit costs.
The lengthened base periods are provided in Amendment No. 2 to Maximum Price Regulation No. 226 (Fruit Preserves, Jams and Jellies), effective November 5.
Six groups of food products consolidated to simplify price control
To simplify the framework of price control on six groups of food products now covered under separate regulations but whose wholesale and retail price structure requires the same type of per->— milted increases allowed processors, the OPA November 2, consolidated all these groups under one heading. At the same time, machinery was provided for the addition of other products whenever adjustments of this type become necessary.
For wholesalers and retailers
The six groups, which are the first to be covered under two new regulations— one for wholesalers and a second for retailers—are as follows:
Canned fruits, berries, and juices, as listed.
Frozen fruits, berries, and vegetables
Fruit preserves, jams, and jellies
Apple butter
Canned shrimp
Domestic canned crabmeat
This is the third of three types of food regulations which have been developed by the OPA after studies covering several months.
Base periods set
The six food groups constitute approximately 4 percent of the total sales volume in the average grocery store.
The time lag in distribution of products between the wholesale and retail levels is given consideration in setting base periods for both types of merchandisers. Maximum Price Regulation .No. 256 (Permitted Increases for Wholesalers of Certain Foods), effective November 6, lists the base month periods at which that regulation shall apply at wholesale. Maximum Price Regulation No. 256 (Permitted Increases for Retailers of Certain Foods), also effective November 6, lists March as the base month at which that regulation shall apply at retail.
♦ * *
ICE BOXES—Distributors and dealers who need priority assistance to replenish their inventories of domestic nonmechanical refrigerators (ice boxes) should make application to the WPB on Form PD-IX, officials of the WPB distributors’ branch said November 5. It was pointed out that only those dealers who sold "such refrigerators during the current year are eligible to make purchases.
November 10, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
25
OPA tells liquor sellers how to pass on increased taxes to consumer
The liquor industry—from distiller or vintner through to the retail dealer— has been informed by the OPA in a series of price orders how to pass on to the consumer the increased Federal excise taxes, which went into effect November 1.
Alcoholic beverage groups affected
At the same time, 17 States which by law retain the sole right to sell liquor were notified that they may continue to use the same percentage mark-up over cost which they used during March. However, in handling tax, these States may add to their selling price only the exact amount of the increased tax. They cannot add their customary mark-up to the increased tax.
Imported distilled spirits and imported wines and domestic fruit wines, berry wines and grape wines (other than California grape wines) are the alcoholic beverage groups on which only the increased tax will be passed on to the consumer, as formally provided by amendments to Supplementary Regulation No. 14 to the general maximum price regulation, effective as of November 1.
The increased tax on beer and on Cali-
California grape spirits, wines go up
Higher Federal excise taxes and increased production costs are reflected in an upward adjustment in ceiling prices for California grape wines and grape spirits, formally issued November 2 by the OPA.
The effect on the public will be an immediate increase of 23 cents a gallon in the retail price of California dessert wines and 9 cents per gallon in California table wines. Wines produced in other areas are not affected by the new regulation—Amendment No. 54 to Supplementary Regulation No. 14 to the general maximum price regulation. The amendment was effective November 1.
California vintners’ prices for dessert wines (14-21 percent of alcoholic content) will advance to the bottler from an average of 32 cents a gallon to,approximately 55 cents a gallon bulk, f. o. b. winery. Average prices of table wines (less than 14 percent alcoholic content) will rise from about 17 ^ cents per gal-
fornia wines also is passed on to the consumer. However, in addition, OPA has authorized further price increases to allow for higher material costs in beer and California wines and, on the latter, has lumped the material cost and tax increase together in a fixed amount per bottle on retail sales. These changes are incorporated in separate regulations.
Percentage mark-ups in “monopoly” States
Provision for passing on to the consumer the increased excise tax on domestic distilled liquors previously was contained in Maximum Price Regulation No. 193 (Domestic Distilled Liquors). Thus no new order was necessary on this score. However, Amendment No. 2 to that regulation, effective November 1, provides for applying “monopoly” States percentage mark-ups. to permitted increases, except the new taxes which must be passed on exactly.
The “monopoly” States situation for other than domestic distilled liquors is handled by Amendment No. 55 to Supplementary Regulation No. 14.
lon to about 261/2 cents per gallon bulk, f. o. b. winery. t
The higher prices cover 1941 increased costs not reflected in March ceilings as well as further increased costs in 1942, plus the new Federal excise tax of 10 cents per gallon on dessert wines and 2 cents per gallon on table wines.
Details of OPA’s contemplated action were announced to the trade on October 18 so that vintners could make their usual commitments for the new season’s grape run, now well moved to market, with assurance of ceiling prices sufficient to cover actual production costs of 1941 crushed wines. These costs had not been fully reflected in March ceilings, owing to vintner policy of averaging out previous inventory over succeeding years.
Formulas are provided in the new amendment for bottlers, wholesalers and retailers to pass on these increases charged by the vintner.
Civilian guns put under price limits
Prices of pistols, rifles, and other new small firearms sold to civilians, and to State and local police and defense forces are brought under the control of a separate price regulation issued November 2 by OPA. Sales to the Federal Government or allied nations are specifically excluded from this and other price control regulations.
The new action, Maximum Price Regulation, No. 254—New Small Firearms and Firearm Parts—effective November 6, places the severely restricted supply of small firearms available to civilian purchasers under a ceiling based upon manufacturer’s list prices of January 10, 1942. All levels »of distribution are covered by the measure.
The Waf Production Board froze all stocks of small firearms on February 27 in order to complete inventory surveys to determine which firearms should be held for use of the armed forces. On May 26 WPB released certain stocks not essential to the war effort. Production of new firearms, except those earmarked for military and police forces, ceased July 1.
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CRESYLIC ACID IMPORTS
Importers of cresylic acid of British origin may recover only 3 percent commission on their transaction rather than the 5 percent recently allowed under a British (Inland) order on coal-tar acids prices (Statutory Rules and Orders No. 731), the OPA November 2 cautioned the trade in a statement on the application of Maximum Price Regulation No. 192— Imported Cresylic Acid.
At the same time, however, OPA explained that an amendment to the regulation is in preparation to allow importers to include in their charges the 5-percent commission allowed in England.
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SAVING ON ALCOHOL—As a result of technological progress made by a large beverage distilling company and WPB chemical branch’s engineering staff the Government will be saved more than $20,000 per month on the cost of alcohol furnished by this company to war production, it was announced by John Boyer, chief of WPB’s alcohol section. It was reported also that all beverage distilleries which can make industrial alcohol are doing so, and those which cannot are making high wines for further conversion to alcohol.
26
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November 10, 1942
Manufacturers’ ceilings for cold-weather garments based on opening price levels
Manufacturers’ ceiling prices for a group of “fall and Winter outer clothing” are established at levels at which they opened their lines during the period December 1,1941 to March 31,1942, regardless of subsequent price increases, the OPA announced November 6.
Replaces former method
The revised method of determining prices applies to such fall and winter goods as men’s and boys’ lined coats, flannel shirts, mackinaws, leather and heavyweight wool jackets, corduroy coats, women’s and girls’ leather coats and jackets, ski and skating outerwear clothing for both sexes, and certain types of gloves and mittens, parka hoods, and leather and leatherette helmets.
This action is taken through the issuance of Amendment No. 49 to Supplementary Regulation 14 to the general maximum price regulation. The maximum price for any garment covered by the amendment is the price at which the manufacturer first accepted an order intended for the 1942 fall and winter sea-^ son. This pricing basis replaces the “highest price charged during 1942” provided under the general maximum price regulation, and applies to ceilings at~the manufacturing level. The amendment is effective November 11.
Little effect on retail prices
The affected garments are among the list of items priced at retail and wholesale levels by Maximum Price Regulation 210—Retail and Wholesale Prices for Fall and Winter Seasonal Commodities. This will have relatively little effect on retail prices.
The amendment to Supplementary Regulation 14 provides, further, that if a manufacturer did not accept an order from a purchaser of a particular class during the period December 1941 to March 1942, his ceiling is the price at which he first accepted an order during these months from a purchaser of any class, adjusted to reflect the manufacturer’s established allowances, discounts, and price differentials. Such allowances may not be changed if the change results in a higher price. Moreover, purchasers may be charged no larger proportion of transportation costs than the manufacturer required purchasers of the same class to pay for deliveries of fall and winter outer clothing during the period December 1941 to March 1942.
In selecting opening prices for fall 1942 merchandise as a “more" appropriate price basis,” OPA pointed out that manufacturers had set opening prices in anticipation of cost increases to allow somewhat higher gross margins over current costs than they had obtained in the preceding season. OPA determined that actually materials costs and labor rates increased until halted at the levels reached in the spring of 1942, so that the opening prices are not unduly high in relation to the levels ultimately reached by materials and labor costs.
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Rubber footwear for miners safeguarded by OPA action
Steps to assure that a particular type of rubber footwear best suited to the needs of miners will be rationed only to persons in that occupation were announced November 6 by the OPA.
Certificates only to miners
The kind of rubber footwear used in mines is classified as Type 5 under the rationing regulations, and amendment No. 4 to Ration Order No. 6, effective November 11, provides that certificates authorizing purchase of this type of rationed rubber footwear will be granted only to miners.
Sales of some nylon types of hosiery held up
It is illegal to sell or offer to sell women’s hosiery made from “spun” nylon, nylon “blend” or nylon “combination” yarn until the OPA has established specific prices for such hosiery, OPA stated November 5 in response to reports that these types of stockings are being sold in some instances.
Until prices are announced
All of these types are covered by the women’s nylon hosiery regulation, No. 95.
Among the types which at present cannot be sold are:
“Spun nylon” made from short or “chopped up” lengths of nylon waste fiber which have been spun into a yarn;
“Nylon blends” made from a combination of short lengths of nylon waste fiber spun in combination with rayon, cotton, or other fiber; and
"Combination yarns” made from continuous filament nylon yarn which has been combined and twisted with some other yarn, such as cotton, silk, yarn, or wool.
Other types which cannot be priced or sold without OPA authorization consist of cut and sewn laces, meshes, etc., having a welt from which the gage cannot be determined. OPA plans to supply prices for such hosiery in the forthcoming amendment.
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“New shoes” ceiling price
OPA announced October 31 a method by which, with OPA approval, shoe manufacturers may establish ceiling prices for “new” shoes—types first manufactured after March 31, 1942, and which cannot conveniently be priced under the general pricing provisions of the general maximum price regulation.
The formula, approved by OPA for the Rockingham Shoe Co. of New Market, N. H„ applies the same principle of pricing in use for many other commodities. The maximum price of a new shoe is determined by using the same margin over total material and direct labor cost, figured on a March 1942 basis, as existed last March for the representative shoe selected as a “base” shoe. It is the plan of OPA that other shoe manufacturers may utilize the same method for establishing maximums for their “new” shoe production, but only after specific authorization.
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COTTON—The maximum charges cotton warehouses may make for resampling and reweighing have not been changed and remain at the highest charge each warehouse made to the same class of purchaser in March 1942, the OPA announced November 5.
November 10, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
27
Laundries warned to give maximum service
The withholding of priority assistance from laundry, dry cleaning, and linen supply establishments whose operators fail to maintain their existing equipment/ in proper repair, was predicted November 2 as a possibility by N. G. Burleigh, chief of WPB’s services branch.
“Reports of careless operation, poor maintenance, and downright abuse of equipment have reached alarming proportions,” Mr. Burleigh said.
Predicting that within a short time there will be no idle laundry and drycleaning machinery ‘in the United States, Mr. Burleigh further commented:
“Labor shortage in many areas may prevent full utilization of existing installations around the clock, but there are
Retailers in South allowed higher ceilings on regular weight men’s, boys’ garments
x A price increase of not more than 10 percent, designed to afford relief to retailers of men’s and boys’ ready-made suits and separate pants, coats; and vests in the South where March 194? sales of nontropical weight garments were “out of season,” was announced November 4 by the OPA.
Under Maximum Price Regulation No. 177—Men’s and Boys’ Tailored Clothing—ceiling prices for retailers are determined by the highest price charged last March by the individual store for the Same or similar suits, pants, vests, and coats, other than topcoats, and not including tropical weight garments.
Base pricing inappropriate
This base pricing period, OPA said, is inappropriate for retailers in geographic areas where climatic conditions generally reduce the volume of March sales of such ready-made garments substantially below the average monthly volume of sales during the period from October through December.
An OPA survey indicates that March sales of regular weight suits and related garments by many retailers in the South generally were based on fall 1941 costs. In other areas merchants had based their March mark-ups on costs of new merchandise designed for the spring season that had increased about 18 percent over fall 1941. If sellers in these areas were compelled to sell garments bought during the fall of 1942 at their prices last March, margins would be drastically reduced.
Therefore, through Amendment 4 to Regulation 177 effective November 7, permission is granted to a retailer of men’s and boys’ ready-made garments other than outer coats and not including tropical weight garments, who meets the conditions set forth, to increase maximum prices by not more than 10 percent.
• * *
COMBED YARNS—Effective date of provisions covering production of medium and coarse combed yarn was postponed November 3 to January 1,1943, by the director general for operations. The restrictions provide that 40 percent of medium combed yarn production and 65 percent of coarse combed yarn production be held in reserve for specified uses.
still places where present equipment is not fully utilized because of the short-§ighted attitude of plant operators. Business is good and they simply do not care to be bothered with additional work. This condition is not typical of the industry as a whole and obviously cannot be tolerated. Where plants are run in a spirit of cooperation with military and defense needs, they will secure adequate repair and replacement assistance.
“All laundry, dry cleaning, and linen supply plants may expect to have their operating hours and the condition of their equipment seriously surveyed to determine whether or not they are doing everything they can to provide service.”
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November 10, 1942
Ceilings set on idle, excess copper bought by 2 Government agencies
Maximum prices at which MStals Reserve Co. and Copper Recovery Corporation, Government procurement agencies, may buy idle or excessive inventories of copper and copper base alloy products were established November 4 by the OPA.
Prices are retroactive
They are:
1.	For copper and copper base alloy products, except castings, maximum prices are those announced for such products on May 11, 1942, in the Government’s price schedule (WPB-843) issued by the WPB. They range from 15 cents for certain copper wire to 30 cents a pound for more expensive copper products, and from 14 to 28 cents a pound for copper base alloy products.
2.	For copper or copper base alloy castings, maximums are base prices of 18.05 to 19.75 cents per pound, with adjustments for alloy content.
3.	For copper base alloy ingot which the holder was willing to sell before August 19, 1942, but for administrative reasons, could hot do so, maximum prices are those established in the general maximum price regulation or those established in Maximum Price Regulation No. 204 (Idle or Frozen Materials Sold Under Priorities Regulation No. 13), whichever is higher.
4.	For copper base alloy ingot which thè holder had not signified willingness to sell before August 19, 1942, maximum prices are those established by Maximum Price Regulation No. 204.
5.	For copper or copper base alloy scrap as defined in the Government’s offer to purchase idle or frozen materials, maximum prices are those provided for sales of scrap materials to consumers in Revised Price Schedule No. 8 (Nickel-bearing Scrap Materials), Revised Price Schedule No. 12 (Brass Mill Scrap), and Revised Price Schedule No. 20, as amended (Copper and Copper Alloy Scrap). These scrap prices, however, are not applicable to items which Copper Recovery .Corporation purchases as copper or copper base alloy 'products, and then sells as scrap.
All the foregoing maximum prices were authorized and identified for use in the WPB program by Order No. 8 under Maximum Price Regulation No. 204, and are retroactively effective as of August 20, 1942.
Sale not compulsory
The maximum prices for idle or frozen castings established in Order No. 8 were worked out by the Copper Recovery Corporation in cooperation with OPA and reflect metal costs plus some manufacturing expense.
In connection with the Government’s price schedule for copper and copper base ___alloy products, except castings, the WPB points out that sale of all items listed is not compulsory, and will not be sought through requisitioning. Among these are
products whose cost was substantially above the 28 and 30 cents a pound maximums the Government offers.
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78 coke producers qualify for special ceiling prices
Seventy-eight high cost producers of beehive oven coke in Pennsylvania have ) qualified for a special delivered price ceiling of $6.50 per ton f. o. b. cars at • ovens plus transportation charges from ) Connellsville, OPA revealed November 6. । The special price was established August 12, 1942, by OPA to avert a threatened shortage of the coke, which is es-’ sential in steel production. The ceiling price for the balance of all the produc-3 tion is $6 per ton. The special high-cost ( production price was established in Amendment No. 2 to Revised Price ' Schedule No. 77 (Beehive Oven Coke Pro-s duced in Pennsylvania).
• In order to qualify for the extra price producers must be operating hand-drawn 1 ovens and must necessarily receive their 8 entire supply of coal by truck from the mines. They also must have filed with s OPA, within seven days after first charg-8 ing the special price, a detailed statement □ in affidavit form covering the operation. B i	★ ★ ★
1 $
* Outdoor trailer storage
y permitted by OPA amendment
Standards of maintenance established by the OPA for the care of new commer-cial motor vehicles are modified by the e OPA to permit outdoor storage of j trailers.
However, trailers stored indoors may be sold at higher prices than those stored outdoors. Under Amendment 19, 1 percent of the list price of the trailer, or $25, n whichever was lower, could be added to e the maximum price for each month after February 28 to the date of sale if the d required maintenance operations were £ performed on and after October 31. '
This has been reduced to three-fourths ’s of 1 percent of the list price, or $20, ie whichever is lower, in the case of trailers B stored indoors. The amount that may Is be added in the case of trailers stored it outdoors, is one-half of 1 percent of the •e list price or $15, whichever is lower.
Price set for iridium bought from jewelry manufacturers
Prices at which the Metals Reserve Co., a Government procurement agency, may buy idle or excessive stocks of iridium, iridium alloys, and iridium-containing scrap from manufacturing jewelers were announced November 3 by the OPA.
Iridium, as a war metal, is used in the manufacture of magneto points.
The maximum prices follow:
For contained iridium $140 per troy ounce f. o. b. National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C.; other precious metals $32 per contained troy ounce; for palladium, $18 per contained troy ounce.
The new maximum prices for iridium scrap are established in Order No. 7 under Maximum Price Regulation No, 204, which established maximum prices for idle or frozen materials sold under the War Production Board’s Priorities Order No. 13. They became effective as of October 20.
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Ferromanganese ceilings established by OPA
Maximum prices for substandard ferromanganese sold by persons who did not sell this commodity during March 1942 and whose closest competitors made no sales in March were announced by the OPA November 3.
The prices are $120 per gross ton, f. o. b. Atlantic seaboard, less $1.50 per gross ton for each 1 percent of contained manganese below 78 percent.
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BLUEPRINTING, photostating, and similar photographic processes of reproduction are covered by the general maximum price regulation and not by maximum price regulation No. 225—Printing and Printed Paper Products—the OPA advised November 9. The interpretation •pointed out that since photographic methods of reproduction do not involve the transference of ink to paper or other material, they do not fall within the recognized definitions of printing.
RADIO fixed capacitors for military use, critical items in the war program, are excluded from price control until January 1, 1943.
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PHONOGRAPH RECORD SALES by the recording laboratory of the Library of Congress are exempted from price control.
November 10, 1942
★ VICTORY ★
29
AGRICULTURE...
Larger farm incomes forecast for 1943, but labor, transportation problems grow
Farmers in 1943 probably will produce more livestock than in 1942, crop production may be smaller than the record production of 1942, unless weather conditions again are exceptionally favorable, and farm income probably will surpass this year’s record, the U. S. Department of Agriculture says in summarizing the agricultural outlook.
Demand and price, usually major factors of uncertainty in forecasting the farm outlook, are now subject to increasing wartime controls. Problems of farm labor, equipment, supplies, transportation, and marketing are becoming more important than ever.
10 to 10.5 billion income forecast
Net income of farm operators for 1942, including Government payments, is estimated at nearly 9.8 billion dollars—about a billion more than the previous record in 1919. For 1943 it is forecast at 10 to 10.5 billion dollars. Total agricultural production in 1942 is nearly 12 percent greater than the record set in 1941, and 40 percent greater than in 1918, the Bureau of Agricultural Economics now estimates. z
Military and Lend-Lease buying of food in 1943 is expected to be 50 percent greater than in 1942, taking one-fifth of current agricultural production. Civilian’demand also will continue to increase, though more slowly than in 1942. Prices of agricultural products in 1943 under ceilings should remain close to present levels—about 6 percent above the average estimated for the entire year 1942.
Meat rationing necessary
There will be enough food in the total supply, although there may be shortages of- many individual commodities. The average civilian probably will be able to consume about as much meat in 1943 as in recent years, but unprecedented demand resulting from record incomes will make rationing necessary.
Supplies of canned fruits and vegetables for civilians may be smaller next year, increasing demand for the fresh products. Secretary Wickard has announced goals for winter, vegetables requesting these acreage increases: Carrots, 30 percent; lima beans, 25 percent; snap beans, 15 percent; onions, 15.
The demand for dairy products in 1943 is expected to exceed the supply. Bread grains will be abundant.
Farm labor big problem
Farmers’ greatest problem will be to secure adequate labor in 1943. Trends up to early October indicated agriculture might need to recruit 1^2 million new workers next year. More recently the War Manpower Commission has announced a program to retain essential workers on dairy, livestock, and poultry farms. This should help ease the drain on farm labor. Additional workers next year may come from the ranks of women, children reaching working age or not previously employed, townspeople, older men and those physically handicapped, nonagricuitural workers living on farms, and farm operators not now fully employed on their own farms.
Farm machinery rationed
In 1943, only 20 percent as much new farm' machinery will be made in 1940. At present 18 types are being rationed, and about 4 times as many types may be rationed next year.
Fertilizer uses limited
Uses of nitrogen fertilizer are being limited to conserve short supplies, and farmers will need to rely more heavily on legumes and farm manures as substitutes. Supplies of phosphorous and potash fertilizers are expected to be adequate. With careful handling, essential needs for insecticides and fungicides apparently can be met, but substitutions may be necessary. Secretary Wickard has approved a tobacco diversion program which should make available an additional 2,000,000 pounds of nicotine sulfate.
Transportation problems may become increasingly severe by the latter part of 1943 in view of the fact that the transportation system is approaching its limits of expansion while the volume of traffic continues to increase. Thus far the big Increase in consumer expenditures for foods has been passed back in full to farmers; but current trends in marketing and transportation costs indicate that marketing margins may be increased during the coming year.
Six-point plan recommended to speed dried food output
A six-point program to speed up production, eliminate waste, and reduce operating costs in the dehydrated food industry is recommended by R. Harry Amenta, chief of the WPB dehydrated food section.
Based on inspection survey
The six points are based on information obtained in an inspection survey of 45 large dehydration plants throughout the United States.
The recommendations follow:
1.	Pool knowledge in technical and operating progress to facilitate development of the industry.
2.	Use predriers and finishing bins to increase production.
3.	Utilize waste material to make byproducts.
4.	Use an engineer and food technologist or chemist to supervise production for successful operations.
5.	Develop a suitable package to save critical materials.
6.	Beware of individuals with promotional schemes or speculative ventures regarding dehydration of foods.
Mr. Amenta’s inspection survey was made in connection with the WPB program inaugurated in May 1942 to encourage production of dehydrated foods to meet increased needs of the Armed Forces and Lend-Lease, and to help alleviate the increasingly serious situation with respect to containers and transportation of food.
The purpose of Mr. Amenta’s survey was to determine whether or not processors can meet the production goal of 100 million pounds of dehydrated vegetables set for them in the 12 months ending June 1943.
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DRIED MILK CONTROL
DELEGATED TO WICKARD
WPB Chairman Nelson has delegated to Secretary of Agriculture Wickard his authority to set aside dried milk for use by the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and for Lend-Lease purposes.
WPB Directive No. 12, which delegates this authority to the Secretary of Agriculture, stipulates that the quantities of spray-dried milk to be delivered to the armed services and Lend-Lease countries shall be determined by WPB’s Foods Requirements Committee, of which Secretary Wickard is chairman.
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November 10, 1942
Teacher-training courses in fire-fighting launched by OCD for key instructors
The Office of Civilian Defense is conducting a series of regional schools to train fire department instructors in methods of teaching the fighting of fires such as might result from enemy bombing, OCD Director James M. Landis said November 3.
To learn fire-fighting techniques
Regular fire department instructors and other qualified members attending the schools will in turn conduct schools under the auspices of State and local governments for other fire department instructors. Each of the OCD schools provides 80 hours of classroom instruction, principally in the most effective methods of teaching major fife-fighting - practices.
Between 25 and 50 men have enrolled for each of the teacher-training schools, which run for 2 weeks and are conducted by W. Fred Heisler and Emmett Cox, of the fire defense section of the OCD protection branch.
“The Office of Civilian Defense considers it important to train an adequate staff of key instructors in the best techniques of teaching their subject,” Mr. Landis said. “The experts who attend our courses will go back to their States
U. S. leases 10 short-wave stations
The Government has leased the shortwave broadcasting facilities of five companies for the duration of the emergency, the OWI and the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs jointly announced October 31.
Under the terms of the lease, the broadcasters are to continue operating their facilities, without profit, in return for which the Government will pay the cost of operations. In effect, the Government is buying the short-wave broadcast time from the five companies for the duration of the emergency.
To broadcast own programs
The United States, for the period of the war, will use these facilities for preparing and transmitting its own shortwave programs. The Government has arranged to build certain of its shortwave programs in collaboration with the programming staffs of the Columbia Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Co.
and there conduct teacher-training courses, for other instructors. The much larger group of qualified teachers thus created will instruct the members of regular fire forces of their cities in advance fire-fighting techniques.
“Now, with OCD auxiliary pumpers, hose and accessories being shipped into target-area cities, and with civilians being trained for their part in the event of bombing raid by the enemy, the time is approaching when city by city this country will be well prepared in all respects for any fire our enemies can drop on us from the sky.”
First school in Pennsylvania
The first of these schools was held at State College, Pa., for regular fire department in-x structors and other picked members from the first, second, and third civilian defense regions, comprising New England and east coast States as far south as Virginia.
Another school is in progress at Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind., for the fourth, fifth, and sixth regions, consisting of the Southeastern States and the remaining States east of the Mississippi River.
A third school is scheduled to open at Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College, Stillwater, Okla., on November 9 for the seventh and eighth regions, including Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico.
A fourth school may be held later on the West Coast.
The facilities of the ten stations operated by the five companies involved in the leasing transaction will serve as a nucleus for the Government’s short-wave expansion program which, according to present plans, calls for the construction of twenty-two additional short-wave transmitters.
The companies which have leased their international broadcasting facilities to the Government are the Columbia Broadcasting System, th g Crosley Corporation, the General Electric Co., the National Broadcasting Co., and Westinghouse Radio Stations, Inc.
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CONDENSERS—Because control over surface condensers has been established by Amendment No. 4 to L-117, such apparatus have been removed from Order L-172, which formerly controlled their distribution.
Packages to prisoners of war easier to mail under new plan
A new and simplified procedure has been arranged under which packages may be mailed from the United States, subject to certain conditions, to prisoners of war and interned civilians, by the next of kin or designated beneficiaries.
The plan was drawn up by a committee composed of representatives of the State, War, Navy, and Post Office Departments, the Office of Censorship, Board of Economic Warfare, and the American and International Red Cross.
Within the limitations laid down, the plan applies to gift packages sent by parcel post from the United States to interned civilians of the United Nations and members of the armed forces of the United Nations held as prisoners of war in territories occupied by the enemy.
Must have internee’s address
Under the plan one package may be mailed every 60 days to each prisoner of war or internee whose address has been reported by the enemy holding power. It is not possible for next of kin or designated beneficiaries to send packages to prisoners of war or internees whose addresses have not been so reported.
Gift parcels must bear the required official Government labels as specified in the regulations. The Board of Economic Warfare has issued a special general export license for the purpose, known as “G-PW-2.” It is not necessary for the individual sender to make application in order to use the license, provided the specified provisions for its use are followed. Previously it was necessary to apply for an export license for each package valued over $25.
The new plan for sending packages to prisoners and internees from private persons supplements the American Red Cross program.
The list of articles permitted in gift packages sent by next of kin does not now include cigarettes, because of special packing difficulties involved.
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THESE CARTOONS ^
drawn by famous artists to help the war effort, are available to newspapers in two-column mats. Write Distribution Section, Office of War Information, Washington, D. C., specifying whether you want individual panels or all four each week.
November 10, 1942
☆ VICTORY .