[The National Extempore-Discussion Contest on Inter-American Affairs]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

SPONSORED BY
OFFICE OF COORDINATOR OF INTER AMERICAN AFFAIRS
The National
EXTEMPORE-DISCUSSION CONTEST ON INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS for Colleges and Universities
SPONSORED BY	4 V ,/ . ?
OFFICE OF COORDINATOR OF INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS
1942
Address all inquiries to
Alan Nichols, Contest Director, National Public Discussions Committee, Inc.
444 Madison Ave., New York City
HAVE long been keenly interested in public forums and round table discussion groups as democratic means of developing popular understanding of pressing public issues. Nowj under the impact of the defense emergency, I am convinced that it is more important than ever that the people, and particularly the students in our colleges and universities, be encouraged freely to assemble to discuss our common problems. Indeed, this is one of the freedoms that we are determined to defend. I am happy to endorse participation in the National Extempore-Discussion Contest as a program peculiarly adapted to the exercise of this liberty.
ADVISORY COMMITTEE
★ ★ ★
George E. Brooks, President, New England Speech Conference, Rhode Island State College, Kingston, R. I.
Dallas C. Dickey, President, Southern Association of Teachers of Speech, Louisiana State University, University, La.
Charles P. Green, President, Central States Speech Association, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla.
Charles R. Layton, National President, Tau Kappa Alpha, Mnskingn^ College, New Concord, Ohio.
Charles F. Lindsley, President, Western Association of Teachers of Speech, Occidental College, Los Angeles, Calif.
W. V. O’Connell, National President, Pi Kappa Delta, Northern Illinois State Teachers College, DeKalb, Ill.
Henry G. Roberts, President, Potomac Speech Association, The George Washington University, Washington, D. C.
Claude M. Wise, First Vice President, National Association of Teachers of Speech, Louisiana State University, University, La.
Arthur L. Woehl, President, Eastern Public Speaking Conference, Hunter College, New York City.
Howard S. Woodward, National President, Delta Sigma Rho, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
W. Hayes Yeager, President, National Association of Teachers of Speech, The George Washington University, Washington, D. C.
PLAN
Local conferences on inter-American affairs upon every college and university campus.
District conferences in communities throughout the Nation.
Selected delegates from districts to regional conferences—all expenses paid.
Selected delegates from regions to national conference at Washington, D. C.—again all expenses paid.
National finalists to be conducted on a summer tour of other American republics.
★ ★ ★
OBJECTIVES
To promote inter-American friendship and cooperation.
To stimulate a Nation-wide study of inter-American affairs.
To inform the general public concerning relations in this area.
To formulate solutions for existing problems.
To implement the Good Neighbor Policy.
The National
Extempore-Discussion Contest
THE GENERAL OBJECTIVE
The Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs subserves the over-all objective of fostering and improving Pan-American relations. It seeks the most effective means by which to implement the Good Neighbor Policy. This objective demands an accurate knowledge and an intelligent understanding of Americans South by Americans North. To this end it is proposed to conduct among the colleges and universities of the United States during the current academic year a National Extempore-Discussion Contest. It is proposed to enlist our institutions of higher learning in a Nation-wide, cooperative endeavor to interest thousands of students in a study of inter-American affairs, to inform the general public concerning relations in this area, and to formulate solutions for existing problems. Since hemispheric solidarity is an element vital to the security of the Americas, participants in this contest are making, in a very practical sense, a collective contribution to national defense. And in a world which, in so many of its regions, questions the values and efficacy of the democratic process, we are engaged in a collaborative project to demonstrate that intelligent public discussion still constitutes one of the freedoms effective and essential in the solution of human problems.
THE GENERAL PLAN
In this Nation-wide program all colleges and universities in the United States are invited to participate. Each
school, through its departments of public speaking, Spanish, international relations, social studies, and related fields, will encourage as many of its students as possible to undertake an intensive study of inter-American problems. Not later than March 1, 1942, each school will select five to eight students who have demonstrated the greatest mastery of the subject matter and have exhibited superior ability in the public expression of their ideas. These students shall be selected through a series of group discussions or other appropriate procedures, and shall represent that institution at one of probably fifty district conferences to be held throughout the Nation. Each district conference will assemble delegates from eight or ten neighboring schools and will consist of a number of intercollegiate round tables in the afternoon, followed by an extempore-discussion forum in the evening. Many institutions entertaining the district conference may wish to supplement this program of discussions with other appropriate events, converting the occasion into what might be roughly described as a "Pan-American Day.” The expenses of the two students, adjudged superior in each of the district discussions, will be paid by the contest management to one of six or seven regional conferences. The regional conferences will be conducted in a manner similar to those of the districts just described. The most outstanding student in each region will become a delegate to the National Intercollegiate Conference on Inter-American Affairs in Washington, D. C., again with all expenses
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defrayed. It is planned to reward the delegates who participate in the National Conference with a specially conducted tour of South America during the summer of 1942.
THE INTRASCHOOL
CONFERENCES
Since one of the main objectives in the National Extempore-Discussion Contest is to stimulate among college students a widespread study of interAmerican affairs, it is recommended that the details be properly publicized on each campus, and that the academic departments related to the project be informed, in order that all those who desire may signify their intention of entering.
Naturally, the selection of delegates to the district conferente is con-mded entirely to the discretion of the individual school. It is suggested, however, that the intraschool procedures follow generally the pattern of the district and regional conferences described below.
THE DISTRICT, REGIONAL, AND NATIONAL
CONFERENCES
The Nation will be divided into probably seven regions, depending upon the number and geographical distribution of the participating institutions, but roughly as follows: Northeastern, Eastern, Southeastern, Southern, Central, Middle Western, and Western. Each region will be subdivided into, perhaps, seven districts, making a total of approximately fifty in all.
The district conferences will consist of a number of round tables and public speeches during the afternoon, concluded by an extempore-discussion forum in the evening. Each
participating college or university shall be entitled to a number of delegates in the district conference proportionate to its full-time undergraduate enrollment, as follows: For the first three thousand or fraction thereof, five; thereafter, one for each additional one thousand or fraction thereof, up to a maximum of eight. The delegates will assemble on the entertaining campus and be divided into groups (preferably three) each numbering approximately ten. Each such group will conduct a round-table discussion upon the general subject: How can we best implement the Good Neighbor Policy?—that is, best promote cooperation and friendship among the Pan-American nations ? For each round table the following discussion plan is suggested:
I.	Analysis Phase:
1.	What are the origins and elements of the Good Neighbor Policy?
2.	What are the economic factors involved ?
3.	What are the racial and cultural aspects involved?
II.	Solution Phase:
1.	Should our goal be one of hemispheric self-sufficiency?
2.	Should our goal be some form of collective security?
3.	What should we propose for a long-range program?
Of course, any individual group may wish to consider some particular segment of the outline or to take up a special problem of its own within the area of the general subject.
At the conclusion of these discussions each participant will deliver a five- to seven-minute public speech, stating his own solution to the problem, or some phase of it, derived from his previous study and the round-table discussions. The participant’s
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performance during the round tables and in the concluding speech will be judged, and a number of speakers from each round table selected, sufficient to gather a panel of six or eight (preferably six) for the extempore-discussion forum in the evening. Thus, if there are three or four round tables, two speakers will be selected from each for the evening forum; if there are two, three from each. With approximately ten delegates at each table, the participants may normally be distributed among either two, three, or four groups. The selectees from each round table will contribute to the extempore-discussion forum in the evening, description of which will be found below.
Exclusive of its representatives in the evening contest, each round table will also select one member to draft a report constituting a summary of the results of the table’s deliberations. This report especially should include any solutions which the particular group desires to recommend for current inter-American problems. A copy of this report shall be forwarded in due course to the Office of the National Director.
The students ranked first and second in the extempore-discussion forum in each district will be delegates to their respective regional conferences. In the regions the afternoon discussions will consist of probably two round tables followed by the public speeches as in the districts, and three speakers will be selected from each group for the extempore-discussion forum in the evening. The student ranking first in the evening forum will represent his region at the National Intercollegiate Conference on Inter-American Affairs at Washington, D. C. This national conference will follow the pattern in the districts and regions.
THE EXTEMPORE-DISCUSSION FORUMS The extempore-discussion forums in the districts, regions, and national finals may be divided roughly into four parts, which will develop thus:
1.	Opening Addresses
First speaker—seven minutes. Second speaker—seven minutes. Third speaker—seven minutes. Fourth speaker—seven minutes. Fifth speaker—seven minutes. Sixth speaker—seven minutes.
2.	Questioning Period Twelve minutes.
3.	Closing Summaries
First speaker—three minutes. Second speaker—three minutes. Third speaker—three minutes.
Fourth speaker—three minutes, j Fifth speaker—three minutes. Sixth speaker—three minutes.
4.	Audience Open Forum
An hour and a half before the contest each speaker draws a topic from a set furnished by the National Director’s Office and develops it in his opening address. Each topic is numbered, which number determines the speaker’s place on the program. During the hour and a half period following the drawing of the topic contestants may receive no aid or suggestions from any other person but may have free access to libraries and printed matter of any kind. In the extempore-discussion forum all quotations exceeding ten words in length must be indicated in speaking. Speakers may receive such time warnings as they wish. At the expiration of his time the speaker is expected to complete the sentence which he is then phrasing and retire. Presiding officers shall be instructed to request the audience not to interrupt the speakers with applause.
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At the conclusion of the opening addresses each speaker questions, for a period not to exceed two minutes, another member of the panel; these questions must be based upon the sub-ject developed by the respondent in his opening address. The questioner shall control the use of this time.
Following the question period each speaker is allotted three minutes for a closing summary, in which he may comment upon the remarks of other speakers, defend or expand his own position, or state his own further conclusions formulated in the light of the previous discussion.
While the judges are preparing their ballots and these are being compiled to determine a winner, the contestants respond extemporaneously to questions from the audience. These questions will be transmitted on slips of paper by the ushers to the chairman, who will direct the inquiries to the designated speakers.
TOPICS FOR THE EXTEMPORE-DISCUSSION FORUMS
Our task comprehends a scholarly investigation of the entire sphere of inter-American affairs, within the framework of the Good Neighbor Policy. Topics for the extempore-discussion forums will, therefore, explore Pan-American history, geography, communications, peoples, and military preparations, together with commercial, cultural, and economic relations. It is planned to have the set of topics constituting the program for the district, regional, and national forums in the hands of participating schools at least two weeks prior to the event. Contestants will, therefore, have some time in which to prepare for the program on which they will speak, but will not know which of the topics they will develop until the
drawing an hour and a half before the speaking. For the information of contestants, two specimen programs follow:
Inter-American Trade
1.	Inter-American Trade at the Crossroads.
(Prewar Latin-American commerce—dislocations caused by the war—common surpluses.)
2.	The Spirit Behind the Export-Import Bank.
(Problem of exchange, stabilization of currency, internal development projects, steel plant in Brazil, roads in Paraguay.)
3.	The Americas Marshal Their Resources.
(The Inter-American Development Commission — complementary agricultural program, rubber, quinine merchandising advisory service.)
4.	Bottoms for Inter-American Trade
—The Crusade for Tonnage.
(The story of Inter-American cooperation to obtain shipping for hemispheric trade—the inter-American shipping committee.)
5.	Latin America Can Supply It.
(The crucial hazard of internal breakdown lies in economic causes—the Americas produce, or can produce, most things which the United States has bought outside the hemisphere.)
6.	Inter-American Trade Faces the Future.
Pax-Americana
(Mutual contributions to hemispheric peace and friendship)
1.	Thunder Over the Western Hemisphere.
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(Presents the danger threatening the Americas—Hitler’s conquest by propaganda — what totalitarianism means to the church, business, industry.)
2.	En Guardia.—Hemispheric Military Preparation To Resist Aggression.
(Appropriation of billions for defense—willingness of people to be taxed—peacetime conscription—naval and air bases.)
3.	Next-Door Neighbors Through the Stratosphere.
(How modern means of transportation and communication unify the Americas.)
4.	Rediscovery of the Americas by Americans.
(Mutual contributions in music, art, and literature of two great civilizations—spreading a knowledge of Spanish and English.)
5.	Tomorrow’s "House of Many Mansions.”
(Long-range economic foundations for an enduring peace and friendship.)
6.	What of the Future?—The Inseparable Destiny of the Americas.
(What the Pax-Americana will mean to the Western Hemisphere and to the World.
ELIGIBILITY
Any bona fide full-time undergraduate student registered in a college or university in the United States is eligible. By a college or university is meant an educational institution offering the conventional four-year curriculum leading to a baccalaureate degree.
EXPENSES AND AWARDS
The Contest Management will defray the reasonable and necessary
expenses, including railroad transportation, pullman, hotel, and meals, of the first- and second-place winners in each district extempore-discussion forum to and from the regional conferences ; and of the first-place winner in each regional extempore-discussion forum to and from the national finals. Expenses to and from the district conferences must be borne by the contestants or participating institutions involved. The speaker adjudged first in the district forums will also be awarded a fountain pen suitably inscribed; and the student adjudged second in such a forum will be awarded a similar mechanical pencil. The contestants participating in the national finals will be conducted on a tour of South America during the summer of 1942, with all expenses paid. Each national finalist will be required to obtain his own passport and forward it to the Office of the National Director. Thereafter all details and expenses of the tour, including visas of passports, will be discharged by the national management. The privileges of the tour may not be transferred by the person entitled thereto. In the event that the exigencies of foreign travel should render such a tour impractical, the contest management reserves the right to substitute therefor an award substantially equal in value.
JUDGING
The low-point-total system, as modified by a majority of firsts, will be used throughout in judging the contestants. Each judge, independently and without consultation, marks that speaker whom he considers best, No. 1; that speaker whom he considers next best, No. 2; and so forth. If any speaker receives first place from a majority of the judges, he shall be declared the winner regardless of his low-point-total. If, however, no
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speaker receives first place from a majority of the judges, the rankings for each speaker are to be added, and the contestant receiving the lowest-point-total shall be declared the winner. Where second and third places are significant, they are to be determined solely by reference to low-point-total. If two speakers are tied, the tie is to be broken by preferential analysis. Thus, suppose:
Low-pt. -Judge A Judge B Judge C total
Jones 13	3	7
Smith	2	4	17
White 3	2	4	9
Jones and Smith are tied but the tie is only apparent, for two judges, A and B, have already ranked Jones ahead of Smith. Thus, if the poll were reanalyzed with reference only to the two speakers tied we would have:
Low-pt. -Judge A Judge B Judge C total
Jones 112	4
Smith 2	2	15
An unbreakable tie is a remote possibility. If such a contingency develops, the judges are to consult with reference to the tied speakers and determine the winner.
In the extempore-discussion forums all judges will use the Standard Ballot printed on the last page of this booklet. In selecting the representatives from the district round tables to the evening forum the judges shall consider: (1) Mastery of subject matter, (2) capacity of contestants to conduct themselves as effective participants in the round table, and (3) ability to deliver a public speech before a sizable audience. Judges are to be reminded that students excelling in group discussion are often very inferior in delivering a speech from a platform to an audience, and vice versa. In judging contestants at the round tables and in their public
speeches following, judges are to keep constantly in mind that the contestants are qualifying for the extempore-discussion forum in the evening.
THE CONTEST SCHEDULE
Naturally, in order to accommodate local conditions, all possible latitude will be enjoyed by the various units—schools, districts, and regions—in holding their discussions. In conducting a national project, however, it is obviously necessary that some ultimate dates be established in order that the eliminations may progress tb an orderly conclusion. The following schedule limitations have, therefore, been determined:
Intraschool Conferences and
Selections.......Prior to March 1
District Conferences......
..................Prior	to April 1
Regional Conferences......April 23
National Final............May 14
TRANSCRIPT OF SPEECHES
The speeches of every contestant in the district, regional, and national extempore-discussion forums will be taken down in shorthand or sténotype, transcribed, and then edited by the contestants. Thereafter, these speeches will become the property of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs, to be translated into Portuguese or Spanish and otherwise distributed at his discretion, due credit, of course, being given to the author.
MODIFICATION OF RULES
The Contest Management reserves the right to make any modifications it considers necessary in the foregoing rules.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1 HE following is a bibliography, highly selective, for the use of contestants in the National Extempore-Discussion Contest. This bibliography is in no sense exhaustive, but is submitted to provide a working basis for the comprehension of the problems involved in the general area of inter-American affairs. To augment this list references to several additional bibliographies have been appended. Included, also, are selected books on discussion techniques.
I.	BOOKS
Aikman, Duncan, The All-American Front, N. Y. (Doubleday), 1940.
American Academy of Political & Social Science, Democracy and the Americas, Philadelphia (American Academy of Political & Social Science), 1939.
Baldwin, H. W., United We Stand! N. Y. (McGraw), 1941.
Beals, Carlton, America South, Philadelphia (Lippincott), 1937.
-------, Pan America, Boston (Houghton), 1940.
-------, The Coming Struggle for Latin America, Philadelphia (Lippincott), 1938.
Berle, Adolf Augustus, New Directions in the New World, N. Y. & London (Harper), 1940.
Bidwell, P. W., Economic Defense of Latin America, Boston (World Peace Foundation), 1941.
California, University of, The Civilization of the Americas, Berkeley, Calif. (University of California Press), 1938.
Carr, Katherine, South American Primer, N. Y. (Reynal & Hitchcock), 1939.
Feuerlein, W. and Hannan, E., Dollars in Latin America, N. Y. (Council on Foreign Relations, Inc.), 1941.
Fitzgibbon, R. H., Visual Outline of Latin American History, N. Y. (Longmans), 1938.
Frank, W. D., America Hispana, N. Y. (Garden City Publishing Co.), 1940.
Garland, J. V., War and the Americas, N. Y. (H. W. Wilson), 1941.
Goetz, Delia and Fry, Varian, The Good Neighbors (Headline books: no. 17), N. Y. (Foreign Policy Association), 1939.
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Goetz, Delia, Neighbors to the South, N. Y. (Harcourt), 1941.
Griffin, C. C., ed., Concerning Latin American Culture, N. Y. (Columbia University Press), 1940.
Green, P. L., Our Latin American Neighbors, N. Y. (Hastings House), 1941.
Gunther, John, Inside Latin America, N. Y. (Harper), 1941.
Henius, Frank, Latin American Trade, how to get and hold it, N. Y. (Harper), 1941.
Herring, Hubert C., Good Neighbors, New Haven (Yale University Press), 1941.
Hull, Cordell, Addresses and statements by the Hon. C. Hull ... in connection with his trip to South America, 1933-34, Washington, D. C. (United States Government Printing Office), 1935.
-------, Addresses and statements by the Hon. C. Hull ... in connection with his trip to South America, Dec., 1936, Washington, D. C. (United States Government Printing Office), 1937.
Humphreys, R. A., Latin America, N. Y. (Oxford University Press), 1941.
Inman, S. G., Democracy versus the Totalitarian State in Latin America, Philadelphia (American Academy of Political and Social Science), 1938.
-------, Building an Inter-American Neighborhood, N. Y. (National Peace Conference), 1937.
-------, Latin America; its Place in World Life, Chicago (Willett, Clark & Co.), 1937.
Institute of Latin American Studies, Economic Relations with Latin America, Ann Arbor (University of Michigan Press), 1940.
Kirkpatrick, F. A., Latin America, A Brief History, N. Y. (Macmillan), 1939.
Lockey, Joseph B., Essays in Pan-Americanism, Berkeley (University of California Press), 1939.
Moore, David R., A History of Latin America, N. Y. (Prentice-Hall), 1938.
Nichols, Egbert R., Western Hemisphere Defense, N. Y. (H. W. Wilson), 1941.
Pan American Union, American Nation Series, Washington, D. C. (Pan American Union), 1926-.
-------, American City Series, Washington, D. C. (Pan American Union), 1931-
—------, Foreign Trade Series, Washington, D. C. (Pan American Union),
1926-
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-------, Pan American Book Shelf, Washington, D. C. (Pan American Union), 1938-
Raushenbush, Joan (Burns), Look at Latin America, N. Y. (The Foreign Policy Association), 1940.
Rippy, J. F., Historical Evolution of Hispanic America, 2d ed., N. Y* (Crofts), 1940.
-------, Latin America in World Politics; an outline survey, N. Y. (Crofts), 1938.
Sanchez, N. V., Stories of the Latin American States, rev. ed., N. Y. (Crowell), 1941.
Showman, R. K. and Judson, L. S., comps., Monroe Doctrine and the Growth of Western Hemisphere Solidarity, N. Y. (H. W. Wilson), 1941.
Stuart, Graham Henry, Latin America and the United States, N. Y. (Appleton-Century), 1938.
United States Department of State, Latin American Series, Washington, D. C. (Government Printing Office), 1929-
Wertenbaker, C., New Doctrine for the Americas, N. Y. (Viking), 1941.
Whitaker, J. T., Americas to the South, N. Y. (Macmillan), 1939.
Wilgus, A. C. and d’Eca, Raul, Outline History of Latin America, N. Y. (Barnes & Noble), 1939.
Wilgus, A. C., The Development of Hispanic America, N. Y. (Farrar & Rinehart, Inc.), 1941.
Williams, M. W., People and Politics of Latin America, Boston (Ginn), 1938.
Ybarra, T. R., America Faces South, N. Y. (Dodd), 1939.
II.	PERIODICALS
Americas at a Glance, J. G. Zier, Bulletin of the Pan American Union, January, 1941, pp. 50-1.
Americas braced to Europe’s storm, R. H. Sharp, Christian Science Monitor Weekly Magazine, April 5, 1941,'p. 5.
America looks southward, M. Winkler, Annals of the American Academy, July 1939, pp. 34-41.
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Americas: south and north, U. Weybright, Survey Graphic, March 1941, pp. 101-216.
Bzg gains on hemisphere front recorded in the last two years, E. K. Lindley, Newsweek, September 8, 1941, p. 35.
Closer social and trade ties sought in hemispheric program; Coordinator Rockefeller names staff of experts, Newsweek, November 11, 1940, pp. 47-8.
Commercial relations between Latin America and the United States, J. M. Leddy, Bulletin of the Pan American Union, September 1939, pp. 510—18.
Common defense and common welfare, A. A. Berle, Jr., Survey Graphic, May 1941, pp. 281-3.
Cooperation between the United States and the other American republics, E. O. Briggs, Bulletin of the Pan American Union, January 1940, pp. 32—4.
Cultural cooperation with Latin America, H. E. Bolton, National Education Association Journal, January 1940, pp. 1-4.
Cultural note on the Americas, M. A. Vallo, Living Age, September 1940, pp. 82-3.
Economic defense of the Americas, H. J. Trueblood, Foreign Policy Reports, August 1, 1940, pp. 126-36.
Economic diversification in Latin America, F. E. Williams, Annals of the American Academy, September 1940, pp. 147-54.
Economic policy and Latin America, J. W. Evans, Yale Review, March 1941, pp. 566-85.
Fifty years of intellectual cooperation in the Americas, M. Ozorio de Almeida, Bulletin of the Pan American Union, April 1940, pp. 325-40.
Fifty years of inter-American trade, G. Wythe, Bulletin of the Pan American Union, April 1940, pp. 277-90.
For Better Pan-American neighborliness, C. H. Haring, Christian Science Monitor Weekly Magazine, August 9, 1941, pp. 1—2.
Half century of economic progress in America, A. E. Shaw, Bulletin of the Pan American Union, April 1940, pp. 291-309.
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Half century of Pan Americanism, R. J. Alfaro, Bulletin of the Pan American Union, April 1940, pp. 214-31.
Hemispheric solidarity, A. H. Hansen, Foreign Affairs, October 1940, pp. 12-21.
Hispanic American Record, H. B. Murkland, Current History, September 1941, pp. 75-86.
History and governments of the Latin American republics, Congressional Digest, December 1940, pp. 293-5.
How to do business with Latin America, R. H. McClure, Harper, July 1941, pp. 122—8.
Inter-American agricultural cooperation, H. A. Wallace, Bulletin of the Pan American Union, April 1940, pp. 265-76.
Inter-American trade problems, E. P. Thomas, Annals of the American Academy, July 1939, pp. 147—54.
Latin America as a source of strategic materials, H. P. MacGowan, Bulletin of the Pan American Union, February 1941, pp. 94—108.
Latin America and the New Hemispheric front, J. I. B. McCulloch, Yale Review, December 1940, pp. 291—308.
Latin American foreign trade characteristics, J. S. Carson, Annals of the American Academy, September 1940, pp. 155-63.
Making friends with Latin America, H. Herring, Harper, September 1939, pp. 360-75.
Neighborly defense, Scholastic, March 17, 1941, p. 2.
New approaches in inter-American commercial relations, J. S. Carson, Annals of the American Academy, July 1939, pp. 66-71.
New Latin trade policy growing, Business Week, November 4, 1939, p. 41.
New Order in the New World, Living Age, May 1941, pp. 27^-7.
New social Pan-Americanism, hope of democracy, D M. Dozer, Catholic World, July 1941, pp. 449-53.
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New western world; plan development of Latin America, T. Rourke, Virginia Quarterly Review, April 1941, pp. 237—50.
New-World trade for New-World peace, H. A. Wallace, Christian Science Monitor Weekly Magazine, December 7, 1940, p. 2.
Our southern arteries, F. Knox, Atlantic, July 1939, pp. 75-80.
Pan American system, an illustration of regional organization for peace, S. G. Inman, International Conciliation, April 1941, pp. 348-58.
Peace among equals, C Davila, Annals of the American Academy, July 1940, pp. 139-44.
Peace without empire; real new order of cooperation in the W’estern hemisphere, A. A. Berle, Jr., Survey Graphic, March 1941, pp. 102-8.
Political and economic solidarity of the Americas, L. Duggan, Vital Speeches, December 1, 1940, pp. 124-8.
Possibilities of trade between the American countries, Bulletin of the Pan American Union, February 1941, pp. 91-2.
Problems of America: editorials and excerpts from presidential addresses, Bulletin of the Pan American Union, February 1941, pp. 62—93.
Profits of cultural interchange, C. A. Thomson, Bulletin of the Pan American Union, September 1939, pp. 489-99.
Progress of Pan American cooperation, H. J. Trueblood, Foreign Policy Reports, February 15, 1940, pp. 286-30.0.
Raw-material resources of Latin America, H. J. Trueblood, Foreign Policy Reports, August 1, 1939, pp. 114-28.
Selling South America; Nelson Rockefeller, coordinator of commercial and cultural relations between the American republics, Current History, December 10, 1940, pp. 30-1.
Solidarity of the continent; address before the Pan American Union, April 14, 1939, F. D. Roosevelt, Vital Speeches, May 1, 1939, pp. 434-5.
Twenty nations and one; analysis of the achievements and undertones of the Havana conference, Fortune, September 1940, pp. 74-6.
Two Americas, C. Finlayson, Commonweal, June 27, 1941, pp. 221-4.
United States and hispanidad, A. Junco, Commonweal, June 6, 1941, pp. 152-4.
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United States-Latin American relations, 1889—1939, Congressional Digest, December 1940, pp. 299-302.
Unity of the Americas; speech before the Pan American Union, April 15, 1940, F. D. Roosevelt, Vital Speeches, May 1, 1940, pp. 422-3.
War and the Americas, H. J. Trueblood, Survey Graphic, August 1940, pp. 424-7.
War and the United States—Latin American trade, H. J. Trueblood, Foreign Policy Reports, December 1, 1939, pp. 218-28.
Western Hemisphere: a Survey associates symposium, Survey Graphic, May 1941, pp. 277-83.
111.	LIST OF BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Adler, Betty, Latin America: Books for North American Readers, Chicago (American Library Association).
d’Eca, Raul, Index to Latin-American Books, Washington, D. C. (The InterAmerican Book Exchange), 1940-
Hanke, Lewis and d’Eca, Raul, eds., Handbook of Latin American Studies: 1938— , Cambridge, Mass. (Harvard University Press).
Herring, Hubert C., Good Neighbors, New Haven (Yale University Press), 1941 (Bibliography, pp. 353-60).
Pan American Union, Recent Trends in Inter-American Relations; A Bibliography, Washington, D. C. (Pan American Union), 1939.
-------, Selected List of recent books (in English') on Latin America, Washington, D. C. (Pan American Union), 1933. .
-------, Selected list of books (in English') on Latin America, Washington, D. C. (Pan American Union), 1939.
-------, Selected list of hooks and magazine articles on hemisphere defense, Washington, D. C. (Pan American Union), 1941.
Te Velde, Johan C., Modern Latin America; A Popular Bibliography (The Good Neighbor Series—No. 1, Ernest Schwartz, Editor), Chicago (Pan American Good Neighbor Forum), 1939.
Wilgus, A. G, The Development of Hispanic America, N. Y. (Farrar & Rinehart, Inc.), 1941. (References at end of each chapter. Bibliographical essay on leading works in various languages dealing with Hispanic America printed since the year 1800; pp. 856-911).
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IV.	BOOKS ON DISCUSSION TECHNIQUES
A. Craig Baird, Public Discussion and Debate (Rev. ed.), Ginn & Co., 1940.
Henry Lee Ewbank and J. Jeffery Auer, Discussion and Debate, F. S. Crofts & Co., N. Y., 1941.
J. V. Garland and Charles F. Phillips, Discussion Methods (Rev. ed.), The H. W. Wilson Co., N. Y., 1940.
Lyman Judson and Ellen Judson, Modern Group Discussion, The H. W. Wilson Co., N. Y., 1937.
James H. McBurney and Kenneth G. Hance, The Principles and Methods of Discussion, Harper & Bros., N. Y., 1939.
Alan Nichols, Discussion and Debate, Harcourt Brace & Co., N. Y., 1941.
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STANDARD BALLOT
Instructions
The judge is to consider five points in making his selections:
1.	The fitness of the contestant to represent his college or university in the various stages of the contest—character, intellectual equipment, and personality to be the criteria.
2.	The cogency, originality, and practicability of the speaker’s ideas, with particular weight assigned to any solution which the speaker may devise for current inter-American problems.
3.	The relevancy of the speaker’s material to the particular topic assigned to him; his personal adjustment to the speaking situation with special reference to his adaptation of his remarks to those of other speakers.
4.	The directness, sincerity, and conversational quality of his delivery ; the superior speaker should represent the cultured gentleman conversing, with gestures and physical action appropriate to the thought, and with vocal clarity and volume adequate to be readily understood by his audience.
5.	The basic objective of the contest is to promote inter-American friendship and cooperation. Among other elements, the speaker should be judged upon the extent to which he contributes to a constructive understanding of the Good Neighbor Policy.
The judge is to pass upon both subject matter and delivery as the speeches are delivered, and to evaluate the speaker’s work on the basis of its aggregate effect. He then simply writes the names of the speakers on the lines below in the order of his ranking.
I rank the speakers thus:
First place _________________________________________________________ (Name of one you think best)
Second place ________________________________________________________
(Name of next best)
Third place ______________________________________________________________
(Next best)
Fourth place _____________________________________________________________
(Next best)
Fifth place ______________________________________________________________
(Next best)
Sixth place ______________________________________________________________
(Next best)
Seventh place ____________________________________________________________
(Next best)
(Signed)-------------------------------------------------------
Contest Judge.
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U S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE	16—24951-1