Equipment & Operation of Emergency Medical Field Units

[Equipment & Operation of Emergency Medical Field Units]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

OCD 3007-1

Medical Division Bulletin No, 2

EQUIPMENT & OPERATION OF
EMERGENCY MEDICAL
FIELD UNITS

United States Office of Civilian Defense Washington, D. C,

Revised August 1942

UNITED STATES OFFICE OF CIVILIAN DEFENSE

Dupont Circle Building - - Washington, D. C.

REGIONAL OFFICES

FIRST CIVILIAN DEFENSE REGION
17 Court Street, Boston, Massachusetts

SECOND CIVILIAN DEFENSE REGION
111 Eighth Avenue, New York City

THIRD CIVILIAN DEFENSE REGION
1554 Baltimore Trust Building, Baltimore, Maryland

FOURTH CIVILIAN DEFENSE REGION
Candler Building, Atlanta, Georgia

FIFTH CIVILIAN DEFENSE REGION
1530 Standard Building, Cleveland, Ohio

SIXTH CIVILIAN DEFENSE REGION
2620 Civic Opera Building
20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois

SEVENTH CIVILIAN DEFENSE REGION
506 Grain Exchange Building
19th and Harney Streets, Omaha, Nebraska

EIGHTH CIVILIAN DEFENSE REGION
Majestic Building, San Antonio, Texas

NINTH CIVILIAN DEFENSE REGION
1355 Market Street, San Francisco, California

479884*

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1942

Equipment and Operation of Emergency Medical Field Units

THIS BULLETIN supplements Medical Division Bulletin No. 1, which deals with the organization of Emergency Medical Service for Civilian Defense. The Office of Civilian Defense recommends that State and local Defense Councils adopt the plans set forth in these Bulletins so as to secure the advantages of uniformity in organization, equipment, and operation of Emergency Medical Field Units. In the event of a-civilian disaster, adjacent communities which have adopted this common pattern can pool or exchange their resources. The adoption of uniform equipment standards during the National Emergency is desirable also because of priorities in materials and manufacture. The recommended equipment conforms as far as possible, therefore, with that of the Medical Department of the United States Army.

I. THE FIELD CASUALTY SERVICE

As recommended in Bulletin No. 1 of the Medical Division, Emergency Medical Field Units should be established in all approved general hospitals, both voluntary and governmental, located in coastal States and in industrial centers of the interior. The plan of organization and size of the Emergency Field Units for hospitals of various sizes and the total number of Field Units recommended on a population basis are outlined in Bulletin No. 1.
The Emergency Medical Field Units of a hospital are composed of two or more squads, so that at least one squad is on first call during each 12-hour period of the day. In larger hospitals reserve squads should be available at the call of the Control Center in the event that multiple sites of disaster should require the manning of additional Casualty Stations and First-Aid Posts. All members of Emergency Medical Field Units should be systematically drilled in first-aid procedures.
To be prepared to respond promptly and effectively, Emergency Medical Units should also participate in field drills. These drills should be called by the local defense authority and should include police and fire auxiliaries, rescue units, stretcher teams, transport and canteen services so that the local protection services may be integrated.
During the present period of preparation, Medical Field Units should be related to hospitals. Prompt availability in the event of sudden and unexpected disaster can be expected only of Units organized largely from the

Equipment and Operation of Emergency Medical Field Units

interne and resident staffs. In order not to deplete the surgical staff of the hospital, members of Emergency Squads may be derived from the medical, pediatric, and other nonsurgical divisions of the hospital.
1. RESERVE SQUADS.—In the event of prolonged and continuous need for service in Casualty Stations and First-Aid Posts, it will be necessary to replace most of the hospital personnel assigned to the Field Casualty Service.’ Reserve squads made up of medical, nursing, and trained volunteer personnel from the community would carry then the major responsibilities for the field service. All such Field Units should be closely related to the hospital.
In hospitals whose resident staff should not be depleted even for a temporary emergency, the primary Medical Field Unit may be organized in part or even wholly from physicians and nurses engaged in private practice who live near the hospital.
2. OPERATION OF FIELD CASUALTY SERVICE.—The operation of the Field Casualty Service may be sketched as follows: Air raid warnings will come to the local Control Center from the military establishments in the area and will be relayed to the proper Civilian Defense Officers. Information concerning the location and extent of local damage will be transmitted promptly to the Control Center by Air Raid Wardens and other observers. Using a spot map showing the location of hospitals and sites for Casualty Stations, the Control Center or its substation will call out an appropriate number of Emergency Medical Field Units.
The squads of the Emergency Medical Units which have responded will proceed to the sites to which they have been directed by the Control Center or its substation and man Casualty Stations. When indicated, the squad leader in charge of a Casualty Station may dispatch one or more teams of physicians, nurses, and nursing auxiliaries to establish temporary First-Aid Posts at sites closer to the disaster. The establishment of fixed First-Aid Posts is not at present recommended.

a* Casualty Stations

The Casualty Station occupies a predetermined site such as the clinic of a hospital, health department or voluntary agency, a health center or substation, a school basement or other suitable place which provides shelter, protection, and accessibility. There should be one at every hospital and one in districts remote from a hospital. It should be located if possible on a side street so that ambulances will not block main thoroughfares. The sites selected for Casualty Stations should be numbered and indicated on a spot map of the community. The Casualty Station will:
1. Serve as a center from which medical teams may be sent closer to the disaster if required.
2. Care for persons with minor injuries and for those suffering from nervous shock and hysteria until they may be permitted to return to their homes or to temporary shelters. This will protect hospitals from the burden

Equipment and Operation of Emergency Medical Field Units

of minor casualties which would interfere with the work of caring for the seriously injured.
3. Keep a record of all persons treated at the Station and see that all casualties transferred to a hospital are tagged.
The Casualty Station is to be supplied with stretchers, collapsible cots, and blankets from medical depots located at sites from which the transportation of Emergency Medical Service is derived. Eight stretchers, 24 cots, and 64 blankets should be available per 10,000 population for issue to Casualty Stations as the need arises. Where kitchen tables are not available at the location of a Casualty Station, two pairs of saw horses, each 36 inches high, may be required, upon which stretchers may be placed to serve as dressing tables. Stretcher teams and rescue units will obtain their stretchers at Casualty Stations.

b. First-Aid Posts

The First-Aid Post will occupy a temporary location close to the scene of disaster and will:
1. Care for the more severely injured, preparatory to their transfer to a hospital. No surgery other than emergency first aid is contemplated.
2. Classify the casualties so as to expedite the transfer of the seriously injured to a hospital, a most important responsibility which requires surgical judgment.
3. Direct the stream of ambulatory and of slightly injured stretcher patients and those suffering from nervous shock or hysteria to a Casualty Station.
4. Tag all casualties immediately. Maintain entries in Casualty Record Book of all persons receiving first aid. (A purse or nurse’s aide should be responsible for these records.)

II. EQUIPMENT FOR
EMERGENCY MEDICAL FIELD UNITS

The following lists include only the minimum medical and surgical equipment required for emergency treatment at the site of a disaster. Provision for other than essential minor surgery has purposely been omitted.
The equipment for each physician and his team is to be carried in two portable cases provided with handles. These two cases should be of the same size (15 by 20 by 8 inches), and they may be packed conveniently in the ambulance or other vehicle transporting the Emergency Squad to the site of the Casualty Station or of the incident. The provision in separate containers of working supplies for each physician will permit the squad of a Casualty Station to split off one or more teams of physician and assistants who can be dispatched with their equipment to set up temporary, advanced First-Aid Posts closer to the site of the incidents.

Equipment and Operation of Emergency Medical Eieid Units

a. List No. 1.—Equipment for a Medical Field Team

(Working supply for one physician’s tearri)
List No. 1 indicates the medical and surgical equipment for each physician of an Emergency Medical Field Unit and his team of nurse and orderlies or nurses’ aides. Medical Field Teams establish temporary First-Aid Posts which may obtain replacements of drugs and surgical supplies from the Casualty Station to which it is subsidiary.
CASE A.
Contents:
Jelly, tannic acid, 10%, with 5% sulfadiazine, 4 oz. jar________ 2
Ammonia, aromatic spirit, bottle, 60 cc_________________________ 1
Compress, gauze, 4" x 4", sterile_________-_____________________ 100
Compress, gauze, 2" x 2", sterile______________’________________ 200
Bandage, gauze, 2"__________________________________________-— 24
Bandage, muslin, 4"_____________________________________________ 24
Bandage, triangular, muslin, 50" x 36" x 36"____________________ 24
Cotton, absorbent, roll, sterile________________________________ 2 oz.
Cotton, batting, roll___________________________________________ 1 lb.
Plaster, adhesive, 2" x 10 yards, roll__________________________ 2
Depressors, tongue, wood________________________________________ 24
Applicators, wood_______________________________________________ 24
Towels, hand________________________------------------------,--- 12
Tourniquet, field, web------------------------------------------— 3
CASE B. INSTRUMENTS
Contents:
Scissors, surgical, Mayo 5^" curved----------------------------- 1
Scissors, surgical, Mayo 5^" straight--------------------------- 1
Scissors, bandage,- angular, 7^"________________________________ 2
Forceps, hemostatic, Rochester, curved, 6X"--------------------- 6
Forceps, hemostatic, Rankin-Kelly, straight, 5^"---------------- 6
Forceps, tissue, spring, 4^"------------------------------------ 1
Forceps, tissue, spring, mouse-tooth, 5^"---------*------------- 1
Forceps, tongue holding, 7"------------------------------------- 1
Tube, breathing (airway) (adult)-------------------------------- 1
Tube, breathing (airway) (child)-------------------------------- 1
Retractor, tissue, double-end nested 9" and 10" Army type, pair- 1
Syringe, hypodermic, Luer, 2 cc_________________________________ 2
Needles, hypodermic, 25 gage, %"-------------------------------- 12
Needles, hypodermic, 19 gage, 1%"-----------1------------------- 6
Tubes, constriction (length 3") for needles---------------------... 12
Stoppers, tube, constriction, for needles----------------------- 12
Handles, Bard Parker, No. 3------------------------------------- 2
Blades, Bard Parker, No. 10, package of 6----------------------- 1
SUTURE MATERIAL
Catgut, plain No. 1, tubes, boilable—--------------------------- 6
Silk, dermal, medium, 40" strand________________________________ 6
Needles, suture, catgut, size 1, three-eighths circle, trochar point
Mayo_______________________________________________—--------- 6
Needles, cutting edge, straight--------------------------------- 6

Equipment und Operution of Emergency Medieul Field Units

DRUGS
Morphine tartrate syrettes, % gr.**-------------------------------- 20
Morphine tartrate syrettes, % gr.**--------------------------------. 10
Sulfanilamide, crystalline in 5 gm. envelopes, shaker top---------- 12
Ointment, ophthalmic, boric acid, 5%, tube, 4 gm------------------- 1
Alcohol, denatured, ethyl, bottle---------------------------------- 1 pt-
Sodium bicarbonate_________________________________________________ % lb.
Phenobarbital tablets, % gr---------------------------------------- 100
Caffeine sodium benzoate, ampoules, 7.5 gr------------------------- 12
Epinephrin hydrochloride, 1:1000 solution, 1 oz. bottle------------ 1
MISCELLANEOUS SUPPLIES
Cotton, batting, roll---------------------------------------------- 1 lb.
Pad, surgical, 8" x 10" (Dakin)------_----------------------------- 12
Large, First-Aid dressing (Carlisle model)------------------------- 12
Pins, safety, large----------------------------------------------- 48
Splints, basswood-------------------------------------------------- 10
Sheeting, rubber (45" x 72")----------------------------------------- 1
Basins, white enamel, 10" x W x 2" (one with cover)---------------- 2
Stove, gasoline (Coleman)-------------------------------------------- 1
Pencil, indelible---------------------------------------------------- 1
Pencil, dermatographic (red)----------------------------------------- 1
Pads, heating, chemical---------------------------------------------- 4
Pads, heating, refills, chemical----------------------------------- 4
Gloves, surgeon’s rubber, size No. 8 (latex), pair----------------- 2
Flashlight (two-cell)---------------------------------------------- 1
Battery, dry cell, for flashlight, No. 950--------------------------- 4
Lantern, electric, dry-cell type------------------------------------- 1
Battery, dry cell, for lantern, No. 6----------------------------— 4
Cups, paper._i------------------------------------------------------ 25
Brush, hand, scrub, fiber------------------------------------------ 1
Soap, hand, bar--------------------------——------------------------ 2
Matches, safety, small box----------------------------------------- 3
Bag, laundry, small---------------------------------------—-------- 1
Tags, identification (books of 20)-------------------------------— 6
Casualty record book--------------------------------------------- 1
Cases, waterproof----------------------------------------------- 1
EQUIPMENT FOR STRETCHER TEAMS
Pouches, first-aid__________________________________________________ 16
Contents for each pouch:
Bandage, triangular, 50" x 36" x 36"------------------------- 2
Small first-aid dressing (Carlisle model)---------------------- 2
Pencil, dermatographic (red) ---------------------------------- 1
Pencil, indelible_____________________________________________ 1
Pins, safety_______________________________________________ 4
Tags, identification (book of 20)---------------------------- 1
Gauze, plain, sterile, compressed package---------------------- 1

♦♦Custody controlled by District Supervisor of the Bureau of Narcotics.

Equipment and Operation of Emergency Medical Field Units

b. List No, 2.—Equipment for a Casualty Station (Supplementary supplies for an emergency squad of two or four physicians, nurses, and nursing auxiliaries.')
List No. 2 indicates the medical and surgical equipment for a Casualty Station. It contains bulky articles such as traction splints which could not be included in the equipment of the Medical Field Team without impairing its mobility. These articles will be issued from the Casualty Station to the Medical Field Team as the need arises. Casualty Stations are also stocked with dressings, bandages, and drugs from which the supplies of the Medical Field Teams at temporary First-Aid Posts may be replenished. Blood, plasma, and other biological products such as tetanus antitoxin or toxoid may be obtained by Casualty Stations from the parent hospital as needed. They are, therefore, omitted from this list.

Casualty station box, wood_____________________.___.__________ 1
TRACTION SPLINTS
Splint, arm, hinge (Thomas)——_______—------------------------- 4
Splint, leg, half-ring, Army type___—--------------——-———----- 4
Splint (Thomas), leg, child——.------———_-------—.———.--------- 2
Splint, arm (Murray Jones), child—----—--------.---—.———------ 2
SUTURE MATERIAL
Catgut, plain No. 1, tubes, boilable———------------—--—-------— 12
Silk, dermal, medium, 40" strand——----.--------2—— ----------- 12
Needles, suture, size No. 1 %-circle, trochar point, Mayo.—--- 12
Needles, cutting edge, straight-——--------.—-------—---------- 12
DRUGS
Morphine tartrate syrettes, % gr.*—-------—_—————------------- 40
Morphine tartrate syrettes, gr.*----------...------------—— 20
Sulfanilamide, crystalline, 5-gm. package, shaker top——-------. 24
Ointment, ophthalmic, boric acid, 5%, tube, 4 gm_.-.2--------- 2
Jelly, tannic acid, 10%, sulfadiazine 5%, 4-oz. jar --------—_ 4
Alcohol, denatured, ethyl-----------------2----——-—, — 2 pts.
Ammonia, aromatic spirit, bottle 60 cc----.--------2—--------- 2
Sodium bicarbonate, }£-lb. packages---______———— ------------- 2
Phenobarbital tablets, 22 gr--------———------------—---------- 200
Caffeine sodium benzoate ampoules, 7.5 gr___—2--------——_— 24
Procaine hydrochloride tablets, 3 gr--——...——----------------- 100
Sodium chloride, compressed tablets, 1 gm----------——--------- 100
DRESSINGS AND BANDAGES
Compress, gauze, 4" x 4", sterile----------------------------- 200
Compress, gauze, 2" x 2", sterile.^--—------------------------ 400
Pad, surgical, 8" x 10" (Dakin)-------.—---------------------- 24
Bandage, gauze, 2"-------------------------------------------- 48
Bandage, muslin, 4"------------------------------------------- 48
Bandage, triangular, muslin (50" x 36" x 36")..—-------------- 48
Cotton, absorbent, roll, sterile..—------------------------— 1 lb.
Cotton, batting, roll--------------------------—-------------- 2 lb.
Large First-Aid dressing (Carlisle model)--------------------- 24
Plaster, adhesive, 2" x 10 yards, roll——-----------■—--------- 4
MISCELLANEOUS SUPPLIES
Pins, safety, large------------------------------------------- 96
Splints, basswood.——_------..---------—------------—— -------- 30
Depressors, tongue, wood-------------------------------------- 96
Applicators, wood--------------------------—------------------ 48

♦Custody controlled by District Supervisor of the Bureau of Narcotics.

Equipment and Operation of Emergency Medical Field Units

MISCELLANEOUS SUPPLIES (Continued)

Sheeting, rubber (45" x 72")_____________________________________ 2
Basins, white enamel, 10" x 8%" x 2" (2 with cover)______________ 4
Stove, gasoline (Coleman)__________________________________________ 2
Catheter, urethral, rubber, F14__________________________________ 4
Pencil, indelible__________________________________________________ 4
Pencil, dermatographic (red)____________________________.________ 4
Pads, heating, chemical_____;___________________________________ 8
Pads, heating, refills, chemical_________________________________ 8
Gloves, surgeon’s, rubber, size 8 (latex), pair____________4
Lantern, electric, dry cell_________________-____________________ 2
Batteries, dry-cell, lantern, No. 6_____________________—________ 12
Cups, paper_._____________„—_______________________________— 50
Brush, hand, scrub____________________—_____z--______________i——__ 2
Soap, hand, bar------_—------------------------------------------ 4
Towels, hand_______—___________________________—------------------ 24
Matches, safety, package of 12 boxes_____________________________ 1
Tourniquet, field web____________1_______________________________ 6
Bag, laundry, small_________________1---------------------------- 2
Tags, identification book (books of 20)__________________________i_ 12
Razor, safety—_______„—„.7———i ——1__—___________________—________—_ 1
Blades, safety razor— -------------------------------------—z---- 10

III. IDENTIFICATION TAGS

The identification tag (Figure 1) is to be filled out by the first member of a Rescue Unit, Stretcher Team, or First Aid Post to reach the casualty. This must be done immediately because the injured may lose consciousness. All the required information should be recorded. Information concerning the name and address of the injured and of the “person to be notified” are important to thos£ anxious to locate the injured person. The place where an unconscious patient was found should be noted as this may be the only clue to his identity.
It is important to record administration of narcotics or application of a tourniquet. Further treatment given at the First-Aid Post or Casualty Station should be indicated on the back of the identification tag. Warnings concerning possible internal injury, hemorrhage, skull fracture, etc., should also be noted on the back of the tag to facilitate sorting of patients on arrival at the hospital.
' The tag should be affixed securely to the patient and not to clothing which might later be removed.
A set of symbols to indicate necessity for priority treatment has been devised to facilitate sorting of patients at the hospital. These symbols should be drawn prominently on the forehead of the patient at the First-Aid Post or Casualty Station with a red skin pencil.
U=Urgent—requiring priority attention.
TK=Tourniquet.
T=Indicating tetanus antitoxin has been given.
H=Internal hemorrhage.
MX=Indicating morphine gr. % or
M^=gr. % given.
In addition to the identification tag, a Casualty Record Book will also be part of the equipment of each physician’s team (Figure 2). A nurse or nurses’ aide should be assigned the responsibility for entering a record of every patient seen. This record should include the diagnosis, treatment, and disposition.

Equipment and Operation of Emergency Medical Field Units

IV. ORGANIZATION CHARTS FOR EMERGENCY

MEDICAL FIELD UNITS FIGURES 3, 4, and 5

The charts shown in figures 3, 4, and 5 have been designed to enable hospitals to record the personnel of their Emergency Medical Field Unit. Three sample charts are appended for units of various sizes. It may be preferable to designate members of the unit by title rather than by name, in order to avoid confusion each time internes or residents rotate to other services in the hospital. Charts are available on application to the local Chief of Emergency Medical Services or to the medical division of the State Defense Council.
Each hospital should send a copy of the organization chart of its Emergency Medical Field Unit to the local Chief of Emergency Medical Services and should keep him informed of changes in personnel.

V. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES

It is important that each local Defense Council in the States along both seaboards and in industrial centers in the interior appoint without delay a Chief of Emergency Medical Service who will be responsible to the local Director of Civilian Defense for the organization of the Emergency Medical Service described in Medical Division Bulletin No. 1. He should be an outstanding medical leader, and it is advisable that he be selected in consultation with the State Defense Council, the local medical society, and the local health officer. To facilitate the integration of all local medical resources into a comprehensive program for civilian protection, it is recommended that the local Chief of Emergency Medical Service be assisted by a Medical Advisory Council, consisting of the local health officer, an experienced hospital executive, and representatives of the local medical society, the nursing profession, the American Red Cross, and participating voluntary agencies.

a. Duties of the Local Chief of Emergency Medical Service

Under the administrative authority of the local Director of Civilian Defense, the duties of the local Chief of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are:
1. To determine the scope of the activities of all official and voluntary organizations which are to participate in the emergency medical program of civilian defense, to integrate these organizations into the comprehensive local program, and to assist them in expanding their activities to the limit of their resources in personnel and equipment.
2. To assist hospitals in the locality to organize, equip, and train Emergency Medical Field Units as outlined in Medical Division Bulletin No. 1, “Emergency Medical Service for Civilian Defense.”

Equipment and Operation of Emergency Medical Field Units

3. To inspect and select sites for the establishment of Casualty Stations.
4. To make a spot map of the locality, indicating the locations of hospitals, appropriate sites for Casualty Stations, and depots for storage of stretchers, collapsible cots, and blankets. The map should indicate the number of Emergency Medical Squads in each hospital. Copies of the map should be supplied to Control Centers, Police and Fire Departments, Health Department, local Red Cross Chapter, State Defense Council, Regional Director, Regional Medical Officer, and all cooperating hospitals.
5. To plan and establish adequate transportation service for casualties and medical personnel in consultation with local government departments, American Red Cross, and voluntary agencies.
6. To arrange with the local defense authority for field drills of Emergency Medical Units in collaboration with police and fire auxiliaries, disaster relief and canteen services of the American Red Cross, ambulance transport service, and other civilian defense units.
7. To make an inventory of hospital facilities in the locality and of the possibilities for their emergency expansion in bed capacity.
8. To assist the authorities charged with preparing plans for evacuation in making an inventory of hospitals, convalescent homes, sanatoria, hotels, and other structures within a radius of 50 to 100 miles which might be used as base hospitals to which patients in city institutions could be evacuated.
9. To assist the local volunteer office in establishing courses for volunteers in the fields of health, medical care, nursing, and related activities.
10. To stimulate recruitment of volunteers for Nurses’ Aide courses of the American Red Cross, assist the local Red Cross chapter in establishing Training Centers for Volunteer Nurses’ Aides at appropriate hospitals, and assist the Red Cross in placing Nurses’ Aides with hospitals, clinics, health departments, and field nursing services after completion of training.
11. To assist the local Civilian Defense Volunteer Office in training and placing other volunteers in health and medical agencies in the community.
12. To stimulate and guide extension of first-aid training by qualified Red Cross instructors as widely as possible among the local population.
13. To stimulate and guide industrial plants, business establishments, and Government bureaus in the locality in the training and organization of effective first-aid detachments among the employees.
14. To collaborate with State and local health departments and through them with the Regional Sanitary Engineer in a comprehensive program for the protection of the community against emergency sanitary hazards.
15. To collaborate with local and State Defense Councils, Office of Civilian Defense, Federal Security Agency, Children’s Bureau, and other local, State, and Federal authorities in the preparation of plans for evacuation, with particular attention to the medical needs of the population under such circumstances.
16. To keep the community and particularly the members of the health and medical professions and the participating official and voluntary organizations informed of the plans and activities of the local Emergency Medical Service.

Equipment und Operation of Emergency Medical Field Units

GLOSSARY

of Terms used in publications of the Medical Division of the Office of Civilian Defense

Casualty Station.—A site designated in advance for occupancy by an emergency medical squad in the event of a disaster in the vicinity.
Decontamination Unit.—A group of auxiliaries of the public works or other municipal department trained and equipped to decontaminate localities and structures in order to rid them of persistent chemical agents.
Emergency Medical Field Unit.—A group of physicians, nurses, orderlies, and volunteer nurses’ aides organized, equipped, and trained for field casualty service in the event of a disaster.
Emergency Medical Squad.—A subdivision of a Field Unit, consisting of two or four physicians and an equal number of nurses and of nursing auxiliaries. A squad comprises the personnel required to operate a Casualty Station.
Emergency Medical Team.—A subdivision of a squad consisting of one physician, nurse, and one or more orderlies or nurses’ aides. A team comprises the personnel required to operate an advanced First-Aid Post. Also known as a Mobile Medical Team.
First-Aid Detachment.—A group of employees of an industrial plant, business establishment, or Government department who have been trained in first aid by the American Red Cross and organized under a detachment leader for service to other employees in the event of disaster.
First-Aid Post.—A site close to the scene of disaster which is occupied temporarily to administer emergency first aid, classify the casualties, and expedite transfer of the seriously injured to a hospital.
Gas Cleansing Station.—A special type (or subdivision) of a Casualty Station for cleansing of both injured and uninjured persons contaminated with persistent war gases. This must be done before casualties are transferred to a hospital.
Incident.—Devastation of a building or area by explosive or incendiary bombs.
Medical Depot.—Site for the storage of stretchers, collapsible cots, blankets, and other heavy equipment intended for Casualty Stations; usually located at transportation centers, clinics, police and fire houses, and other places.
Mobile First-Aid Post.:—A large enclosed truck or van constructed and equipped to serve as a First-Aid Post when no suitable structures are available in a devastated area.
Rescue Unit —A specially trained group equipped with demolition tools for the extrication of casualties from wrecked buildings.
Stretcher Team.—A group of four or more volunteers who have been trained in first aid and stretcher bearing by the American Red Cross and who assist the Rescue Unit by transporting stretcher cases from the scene of a disaster to a First-Aid Post.

Equipment and Operation of Emergency Medical Field Units

FIGURE 1

Equipment and Operation of Emergency Medical Field Units

CO
LU a: =3 CD

Equipment and Operation of Emergency Medical Field Units

FIGURE 5

19—2487S-2

ORGANIZATION of LOCAL EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES

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