Practice Incidents

[Practice Incidents]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

OCD Publicati

Noi

PRACTICE INCIDENTS

Their Use in Control Center

and Field Exercises

UNITED STATES OFFICE OF CIVILIAN DEFENSE

Washington 25, jD. €•

PRACTICE INCIDENTS

Their Use in Control Center

and Field Exercises

OCD Publication 2021 November 1943

Prepared by the Training Section UNITED STATES OFFICE OF CIVILIAN DEFENSE

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1943
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents^ U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. JC. Price 20 cents.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This publication was issued in a preliminary mimeographed edition and distributed to all parts of the country for trial use and for editorial comment. As a result many excellent suggestions came from all parts of the United States. A form for use of Umpires came from one of the Regional Offices. Two similar forms and a set of instructions came from another Regional Office. A State office made a special tabulation 'of incidents for the small city and the town. In some cases, a usable suggestion came from several different sources, varying slightly in form perhaps but still the same suggestion. '
Under the circumstances, it has seemed best to eliminate from text and footnotes all'specific acknowledgments. The many acceptable suggestions for improvement of text that came from dozens of people from all parts of the country are here gratefully acknowledged. The extent to which editorial suggestions have improved the text both in content and form will be apparent to all reviewers and the identification of a personal contribution to such improvement will be a proper source of satisfaction to all whose contributions have been included^

FOREWORD

Purpose of This Book.—This book is intended to be simply a book of problems, the solution of which will furnish desirable training for members of the Citizens Defense Corps.
While civilian defense has reached a stage of satisfactory development in many communities, even in these, as well as in others, it is doubtless necessary to conduct practice exercises for the refresher training, especially of Air Raid Wardens and Control Center staffs.
Keeping Up Interest.—Regardless of satisfaction which we may feel in the way the war is going at any particular time, we know that the war is not over, and the threat is not removed, so long as our enemy has the physical means of making an attack on our cities. It has been found by communities which have used an earlier version of this book, that exercises based upon it have been highly successful in keeping up interest in civilian defense, as well as in creating new interest. It is hoped this book will be valuable to communities in this regard.
Teamwork.—The exercises in this book stress the importance of teamwork, especially between the Wardens and the Control Center personnel. It is not by any means intended as a comprehensive exercise book for all the services. Local Defense Councils and Commanders will find it useful, however, as a basis for exercises employing other services.
Stages of Training.—This book is presented in the realization that the time has passed when a limited number of incidents, with detailed “by-the-numbers” explanations, will serve the need for advanced training. Therefore, a larger number of incidents has been presented, and the detailed steps are shortened or omitted. Any local Defense Council should, of course, make such adaptations as will best fit its own state of training.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Page
I. USE OF PRACTICE INCIDENTS IN DRILL. _ 1
Hew to Make Drill Effective in Civilian Defense. 1
II. WAYS TO USE PRACTICE INCIDENTS AND
TO PREPARE THEM FOR USE_____________________ 2
How to Fit Incidents to the Local Community. _ 2
Supplementary Messages____________________ *2
Strategy and Bombing Patterns. _______________ 3
Tables Aid in Selecting Incidents According to Pattern.._________________________ 3
। Table A. Classification of Incidents Fitting
Specific Situations^____' __________ 4
• Incidents for the Small City and Town_ 5
How to Select Incidents for a Pattern Bombing______'__________________________ 5
Table B. Classification of Incidents Fitting General Situations____________________ 6
The Easiest Way to Get a List of Incidents
According to Pattern_________________ 7
Summary of the Chapter____________________ 7
III. BUILDING A PROGRAM OF DRILLS AND
TESTS_______________________________________ 7
A Plan for Working Out a Complete Local
Program_________________________________ 7
First, Define Each of a Series of Proficiency Levels__________________________________ 8
Second, Determine Specific Skills for Each Service at Each Level. _______________ 8
Proficiency Objectives for a Citizens Defense
Corps at Each of Seven Levels of Attainment. 9
Drills and Tests Appropriate to Each Proficiency Level____________________________________„ 10
Summary of the Chapter____________________ 13
IV. PREPARING A CITY FOR A LARGE SCALE
PRACTICE EXERCISE__________________.________ 13
V. UMPIRING AND EVALUATING FIELD EX-
ERCISES____________________________________ 16
What Umpiring Accomplishes_________________ 16
How to Establish Umpiring Teams____________ 17
Working with the Chief Umpire_____________ 17
A General Form for Umpires________________ 18
Form 138____________l_________:___________ 19
Control Center Umpiring __________________ 20
Umpiring the Handling of Casualties.^_i___ 20
Umpiring Other Services___________________ 20

Chapter . Page
VI. PRACTICE INCIDENTS WITH WARDEN’S SOLUTIONS__________________________________________ 21
A List of 200 Practice Incidents With Warden’s Solutions_______________________ 21
Warden’s Incident Report Form_______________ 22
VII. INCIDENTS CLASSIFIED BY SERVICE NEEDED AND BY PHYSICAL SITUATION— 65
Table C. A list of 216 Classified Incidents_ 66
Appendix:
A. TYPICAL SUPPLEMENTARY CONTROL CENTER MESSAGES___________________________ 75
B. A SAMPLE DIRECTIVE FOR A CITY-WIDE CDC EXERCISE_________________________ 76
C. STAFF PROBLEMS AND EXERCISES IN CONSTRUCTION OF CIVILIAN DEFENSE
FIELD EXERCISE MEMORANDA____________________ 78
D. INCIDENT 201: AN INCIDENT CARRIED THROUGH TO THE FINAL REPORT_____________ 81
E. INSTRUCTIONS FOR UMPIRES_______________________ 84
F. A SAMPLE UMPIRE’S REPORT AND CHIEF UMPIRE’S CRITIQUE_______________________ 85
G: CHECK-SHEET FOR UMPIRE AT CONTROL CENTER—_________________________________ 88
H. CHECK-SHEET FOR UMPIRES FOR HANDLING CASUALTIES—.______________________ 89

CHAPTER i. USE OF PRACTICE INCIDENTS IN DRILL

The practice incident is a written description in telegraphic style of the assumed effect of enemy air attack. This training guide is devoted to a discussion of practice incidents and their use. The practice incident is a training tool with a variety of uses. It is a unit for drill. It is laboratory material to use in teaching a class of Wardens. It provides a substitute for the types of messages that are thrown into a Control Center during an actual air raid. It, therefore, is sufficiently realistic to provide excellent staff training.
The British devised the practice incident before the war began in 1939 as an answer to their need for drill materials. They needed drills to perfect the skill of individuals, teams, and larger units in their Air Raid Precautions organization. It is significant that, in late •1941, in republishing one of their most popular textbooks, published originally before the war, they continued to feature the practice incident. The British continue to find this substitute for real disaster a valid training device.
The single practice incident is a good drill unit. Brought together in varying combinations, practice incidents provide an excellent Control Center exercise of the type which the Army calls a C. P. X. (Command Post Exercise). Flung across the community landscape in one or another of the dozen logical patterns of attack that apply to almost any community area, practice incidents may be a means of vitalizing a variety of problems.

How to Make Drill Effective in Civilian Defense

Effective drill is not mere rehearsal. Ineffective rehearsal may actually reduce skill. Participants in a drill should go into it with a vivid sense of need to improve specific skills, They should understand clearly the specific attainments to be expected from each drill. They have a right to expect that those who have

planned the drill have so planned it that their time will be used to these ends. Planning should insure that there will be no danger of any of the collapses into disorganization that so frequently feature the unplanned' drill. Drills should be graded smoothly from easy to difficult. • Finally each section or aspect of a drill program should come to a close with every participant feeling that some definite progress has been made. To attain the final sense of accomplishment that clinches every effective program of drill there must be tests. The stop watch, the trained observer, the norm by which progress is evaluated as poor, or fair, or excellent must all be brought into frequent play. At the end of the drill the participant must be aware of the nature of his successes and failures, his strength and weaknesses, and of the ways to improve his skill. Our motto for drill must be “Drill and test and.drill again.”
We must drill and test the individual; we must drill and test the unit. We must drill and coordinate our units in every kind of combination. We must drill and test the total Citizens Defense Corps in the variety of combined exercises that will prepare it for the unmitigated destruction that enemy attack will attempt to bring upon the city. We should test informally and we should test precisely. We should run tests with a local panel of umpires and we should run them with panels assembled from State and Regional Civilian Defense Offices. We should test to check our current accomplishments against our previous accomplishments. Finally, it would be desirable if we could establish regional and national norms and test m terms of them.
In this volume the need to drill and the need to* test have both been recognized. The practice incidents are first presented in a context that emphasizes practice; then they are presented in a context that emphasizes testing. This is done agairi and again on progressively higher levels of accomplishment. (See ch. III.)

CHAPTER II. WAYS TO USE PRACTICE INCIDENTS AND TO PREPARE THEM FOR4JSE

A set of ready-made practice incidents, such as is given in chapter VI, prepared for cities throughout the country, will require some things to be done to it before it can actually be used in any specific city. Some incidents in the set will have to be changed. Warden’s solutions will require adjustment. For all incidents, of course, a definite location must be chosen. Some incidents will require only minor changes. Some must perhaps be discarded in any community.
Incidents in this list are provided only short Warden’s solutions. These short solutions will serve at first, but later it will be found desirable to extend solutions of incidents through several supplementary Warden’s reports. Problems, planned to imitate the results of pattern bombing, will require incidents to be relocated, reorganized, and readjusted. Large cities and small cities will discover special problems. This chapter points out ways to make simple variations in incidents, in solutions, and in patterns of arrangements of incidents that will multiply their uses. i

Bow to Fit the Incidents to the Local Community
Read the incident through and if it is usable in the local community give it a location. Having done this, read it again to see if it fits the location in every particular. Probably more than half of the incidents will fit at the location suggested without change, but many will require minor changes. For instance, in Incident No. Six, where “fires have started on the eleventh floor of a 12-story building,” a 12-story building is not necessarily called for, but the fires should start on the floor next to the top.
Difficulties in giving incidents logical locations can be overcome easily without forcing someone to drive around over the city and view every spot at which an incident is located. The fire insurance underwriters’ maps for every city in the country give for every building its length, width, and height, height in stories, wall thickness, fireproofness, locations of utilities, etc. Any large local fire insurance underwriting agency can loan a set of such maps or indicate how to obtain them. Other possible

sources of sets of these maps are the city engineer’s office and the fire depártment.
As the incidents are surveyed they should be prepared for the typist by inserting with a pencil the locations and necessary changes in wording. Be sure to go over the “Warden’s solution” section of each printed incident. Blanks in the messages must be filled out and minor changes in wording may be required.

Fire Reporting Solutions Must Conform to Local Policy.
Warden’s solutions in all incidents involving fires show such fires to be reported direct to the Control Center. Some communities report fires direct to the fire department, either by telephone or by fire alarm signal systems. In such cities every incident in this exercise involving fire will have to be modified in the Warden’s solution.

Refit Incidents to New Locations.
When full use has been made of one set of locations of the 200 incidents, change the location of each incident and again make the minor changes in wording that may be required.
Supplementary Messages
A repertoire of practice incidents even though located in, and modified to fit, a local community will still fall short of providing a Control Center with all the materials needed to practice for a regular raid. In a regular raid a variety of supplementary messages will come in that will complicate-the records and complicate the work of the Control Center staff. Sporadic supplementary messages from incidents, as new conditions develop, may be expected from time to time. Periodic reports from incidents, at least while their situations are serious, may be expected.
In the Warden’s solutions to 200 practice incidents, found in chapter VI, there is almost no development of supplementary reports because the problem of development of the incident is not illustrated. There will be uses to which these practice incidents are put that will require that the Warden’s solutions for many of them be carried forward to embrace three to five supplementary reports. In appendix D,

page 81, one incident is shown carried through to the probable final report. This incident furnishes an extensive illustration of follow-up reporting. A great variety of supplementary , incoming reports—some that' are follow-up reports on incidents and some that are not— will be sent into the Control Center. A similar variety of supplementary outgoing messages— some that are like the basic outgoing messages in calling for dispatch of equipment and some that are not—will likewise have to be sent out from the Control Center. Some of these supplementary in-and-out-messages are:
1. Supplementary requests for equipment, purportedly coming from services at the scene of an incident.
2. Additional reports on incidents already being handled, supposedly sent by other Wardens, Auxiliary Policemen, etc., who could have observed the occurrence but would not know of the original report.
3. Reports from Incident Officers giving supplementary information on the situation at the scene of an incident.
4. Reports from various service elements after they have completed operations at incident scenes.
5. Reports of clearance of road blockages on important streets or roads.
■ 6. Reports on .final clearance of incidents (in a short raid these would generally follow the exercise).
7. Messages to Main Control Center from higher Control Center requesting certain services.
8. Messages from a higher Control Center directing certain operations.
9. Special messages for the Commander, the Controller, a Service Chief, or other staff officer.
10. Messages which have been improperly directed to the Control Center.
11. Bomb Reconnaissance Agent’s reports on O. C. D. Form 104. (See Operations Letter No. 32, Sup. No. 1; and Operations Letter No. 121).
12. Information to designated military liaison such as location of first flares dropped by enemy to mark the area to be attacked.
The first drills in which .practice incidents are used will not require supplementary messages. However, it will not be long until a few, then more and more, supplementary messages will be required. Their preparation

should be a part of the job of fitting the practice incidents for use in the local situation. A list of typical supplementary messages is given in Appendix A, page 75.
Strategy and Ihmbinij Patterns
To attain maximum value from the use of these exercises, they should not be considered as a series of unrelated incidents scattered generally throughout the control area, but rather as a planned raid upon definite target objectives. Air attacks on American cities will be costly and the enemy bomber command may be expected to plan the bombing so as to create the maximum disruption of industrial and transportation facilities and the most confusion and terror in the population. Local civilian protection officials should match this planning. with detailed counter plans of defense for their community. This may be . be done in two ways :
1. The location of incidents should be spotted on a map, with relation to the target objectives in the area.
2. Thé incidents themselves should be selected to give consistent patterns for various types of raids such as—
(a) incendiary raids directed against population concentrations and high fire risk sections of the city,
(b) high explosive and incendiary raids directed against strategic facilities,
(c) War gas raids directed against population concentrations in lower elevation areas.
Tables aid in selecting incidents according to pattern.
To aid in the selection of incidents for allocation in any community according to a predetermined tactical pattern, there is provided on the next page a table classifying each of the 200 practice incidents according to the geographical or physical situation to which it most reasonably belongs. Of course, when the nature of the site of an incident is indicated by only a few words, sometimes by only a passing phrase, the incident cannot be strictly classified. However, there is presented in this table a distribution of incidents that will enable a busy staff group to make selections from them in applications to sections or areas within a community.

555030°—43---------2

TABLE A. CLASSIFICATION OF INCIDENTS FITTING SPECIFIC SITUATIONS
Classification of certain incidents from 200 incidents shown on pages 21 to 65 showing in line the type of physical situation to which the incident applies and in column the kind of service required at the incident
[Numbers refer to incidents, not to pages!

AH incidents Public War No serv-
Type of situation belonging to Fire Police Medical Works Rescue . Utilities gas UXB ice
situation
1. Residence area I.--- New houses, on 13,97..________ 13_______ 13.....--- 97.
the order of 2 story $20,000 to $50,-
000, brick or stone; and about 8 to
'city block.
2. Residence .area II.--- Medium-sized 140,97---......- 140______ 97.
frame or’veneer house of bungalow 7,18,71, 55,147.' 61,67.
■ type, $6,000 to $19,000, about 16 105, 18,28, 18,28,52,
to city block. 140, 71,91, 71,75,
3. Residence area III.---Frame houses, 169. 175. 91,175.
4. separated but very close together, 3,7,14,18,28, 169______ 22_______
4 to 5 room, $3,000 to $6,000, about 37,52,55,61,
24 to block. A new or fairly new 67,71,72, 75, 37,169,
part of town. Defense housing 87,91,105, 174. 3,18,37, 87,192.
projects included here. 111, 118,1«, 169,174.. 52,75, 50.
Residence area IV.---Like (3) but old 147,161,169, 111,
and neglected, back of lots packed 174,175,185, 118,
with outbuildings and sheds. 192. 7,14,18, 174.
Residence area V.---A very poor area; 2,22,50, 111, 105,161, 2,111,
flimsy construction; small struc- .118,161,169, 185. 118,
tures, battered and patched, high 174,185. ’ % 161,185- 174.
5. fire risk. 2,22,64........ 2,64_______ 2........ 22 ---
Apartment building I.---Very large,
fireproof, reinforced concrete;
6. hotel. 21,43__________ 21...... 43.......
Apartment area II. --- Well built up
area; fireproof; 6- to 10-story build-
7. ings, 4 to 6 families per floor. 21,33,35... 69_______ 69....... 171______ 69.....-
Apartment area III.---Attractive 33,35,
buildings; cheaper construction; 21,33,35,43, 43,69,
8. wall bearing type. 69,170,171. 170. 155______ 112,171---
Apartment area TV.---Tenements; 74,112,155, 74,155,
older buildings; poorer section, 170,171. 170.
9. crowded. 30,50,74 --- 30________ 74....... 50.
Suburban area.---Houses completely 5,13,36,80,90,. 109,159 .
separated average 200 feet apart,- 97,109,123,
10. usually frame or veneer construc- 134,138,158, 80,90,134, 13,36,'80,
tion. 159,162,167, 162,176. 178, 5,97,123,
Downtown hotel.---Very large fire- 176,178,184, 184. 13,36,80, 159,176, 138,158,
proof building. For good com- 197. 184. 184. 167,197,
mercial, average, and poorer 74,114,154 ... 74_______ 114______ 114______ 154.
hotels use apartment house inch 6,8,27,74,82,
11. dents. 92,127,131,
12. Downtown office building.---Fine 132,135,137,
buildings; courthouses, banks 182,191. 27,127,182. 27,135, 92..___ 6,8.
usually in this group. 24, 74,76,96, 37,182.
Downtown department store.---Usu- 104,119,191. 27,82,
ally very large fireproof building; 12,24,39,40,44, 74,132... 137.
any fine store building fully fire- 45,59,60,65, 92,135, 74,76____ 119...... 104---
proof in this class. 66,69,74,77, 131, 69,187--- 188--- 66,168.
13. Downtown retail area.---Average 86,96,101, 191.
14. buildings in smaller cities; smaller 104,119,122, 39,45,59, 24,96, 12,40,44,
16. buildings in very large cities; wall 136,163,164, 65,77, 191. 45,65, 69,187--- 119,163,
bearing construction. 168, .181,187, 101,122, 24,69,86, 69,74, 41,58, 181.
Theater.---Also church or any situa- 188,196. ' 136,196. 96,163, 77,86, 113. 29,58,83, 60,104,
tion with crowd in 1 large room. 9,20,29,38,41, 9.......... 187. 96. ' 89,200. 164.
57,58,70,72, 9,20,41, 9,20,29, 20,38, - *
83,89,113, \ 58,113. 38.41, 57,
145,200. • 57,89. 145.

TABLE A. CLASSIFICATION OF INCIDENTS FITTING SPECIFIC SITUATIONS— Continued

Classification of certain incidents from SOO incidents shown on pages 21 to 65 showing in line the type of physical situation to which the incident applies and in column the kind of service required at the incident—Continued
[Numbers refer to incidents, not to pages]

All incidents Public War No serv-
Type of situation belonging to Fire Police Medical Works Rescue Utilities gas UXB ice
situation
16. Hospital or school.---Large numbers 137...... 31,38--- 106...... 81,124, 124,137, 38..... 139.... 32,131.
of people involved; usually in 198.
open with grounds around; some
fireproof. i 137.
17. Wholesale and warehouse area_______ 31,32,38,81, 181 .
18. Small factory--- May be overgrown 106,121,124, 31,121,127, 86,163... 86_______ 23,163. 164. --- . 110,146
service place; 5 to 50 operatives; 127,131,137, 152. 153.
bakery, other food processing, 139,152,198. 102,125,
garment making, cloth or leather 102,125, 181, 196.
• working; upholstering, machine 196. 14,125,180,
shop, print shop, etc. Found 14,23,86,110, 199.
usually on low rent margin of 125,146,153, 53,142,173. 98_______
retail district. 163,164,180, 53,95,173..
19. Medium sized plants.---50 to 250 199. 14,17,44,
operatives, usually in or near 53,98,142,173.. 46,49, 54,
warehouse area; working in food, 53,95,173.... 59,73,82, 95....... 95---L 95______ 95_____’
textiles, plastics, or metals. 14,17,42,44,46, 116,142, 153.
20. Large plant.---Any kind; hundreds 49,54,59,73, 190,199.
of workers; in district of its own. 82,103,116,
21. The high fire or explosion risk.---(a) 142,153,190, 46....... 42....... 103....
Lumber yards, oil storage, gas 199.
plant, furniture factory, (b) Fill- 22,72,76,88,93, 42,44,'49,
ing stations, paint stores, garages, 99,129', 148, 54. 93,99,
etc. 150,156,179, 76,88, 150,
22. Vital installations.---Power plants, 193. 76,72, 129, 93,150, 193.
large transformer units, water- 11,29,34, 54,57, 129, 156, 179. 22,156.
works, gate valve units for 79,89,98,126, .148, 193. 29,89,98. 88,179. 79,133.
natural gas, telephone main 133,141,166. 179. 29,34,57, 126...... 57_____
exchanges. •49,94,128,190.. 11,2989, 89,141.
23. Vital units in transportation.--- 133, 49,94,
Bridges, railroads, yards, truck or 141. 128.
bus concentrations. 128______ 128______
24. Primary military facilities.---Air
fields (commercial or military). 54,157,166.
Air depots. Any military estab- 49,94,128,
lishment. 190.

This table is read as follows: “Line one, representing the highest price type of residence areas (see p. 4), lists incidents 13 and 97. Incident 13 calls for Police and Medical services. Incident 13 may be listed in the₍ situation represented in line 10.” . “

It shopldjae helpful, when one desires to use several of the scattered incidents that apply to a suburban situation for instance, or to a retail area, to find 18 suburban incidents (line 10) listed by number and 27 retail area incidents (line 14) similarly listed.
There are some incidents whose descriptions do not tie down to specific areas. These are classified as well as possible in table B, p. 6. There are a few incidents listfed in table B that are also found listed in table A. Incident 23 illustrates this latter type. The description indicates a small plant but it is not definite. The incident is listed in line 18 of table A, the line for small factory incidents, but it is also listed in line 27 (applicable to all warehouse or factory situations).

Incidents for the Small City and the Town.

Table B carries, also, a series of classifications of 78 incidents that are readily applicable to the small city or the town. A word of caution concerning this list is in order. Some of these 78 incidents may not be usable in some small cities. Many of the 122 incidents omitted from this list are usable in many small cities.

How to Select Incidents for a Pattern
Bombing.

There are more points to watch in selecting incidents for a pattern bombing than are at first-apparent. Therefore, time and errors will be saved if some thought is given to the matter in advance. In addition to watching the point

TABLE B. CLASSIFICATION OF INCIDENTS FITTING GENERAL SITUATIONS

Classification of certain incidents from list of 200 incidents as shown on pages 21 to 65 that can be allocated only to general situations

Type of situation Total line list Fire Police 1 Medical Public Rescue Utilities War gas UXB No service
Works
25. Applicable to all 10,28,36,55,56,68,70, 36---...... 56,68,71,170. 28,91, 75--- 28,71, 10,55, 71______ 87,138,149,
residence si tua- 71,72,75,87,91,138, 159, 75,91, 147. 168,194,
tions. 147,149,159,168,170, 175. 159, 197.
175,194,197. 175.
26. Applicable to all 10,12,24,27, 56, 59, 60, 27,59,66, 24,86,96, 12,56,64,74, 27,91, 27______ 91,187--- 10,60... 66,110,149,
“downtown” sit- 64, 70, 74, 86, 91, 96, 101,122, 117,177, 86,96,172. 117, 189,194,
uations. 101,110,117,122,136, 136,172, 187. 177. 197.
149,172,177,187,188, 190,196.
189.190,194,196,197. I
27. Applicable to all 12,23,59,86,88,102,117, 59,86,102, 86,117..... 12,23,74,88, 117_____ 23......
warehouse or fac- 122,172,190. 122,172, 172.
tory situations. 190.
28. Applicable to all 1,4,15,16,19,25,26,34, 26,56,116.. 34,144,177, 1,16,19,36, 51,126, 26,56... 1,34, 16,78, 15,25, 4,47,48,62,
situations: resi- 36,41,47,48,51,56,61, 183,184. 51,85,100, 160, 120. 130, 61,67, 63,84,107,
dence “down- 62,67,78, 84, 85, 100, 130,143, , 184. 151. 186. 108,115,
town,” factory, or 107,108,115,116,120, 160,165, 192,195.
suburban. 126,130,143,144,151, 177,183,
160,165,177,183,184, 184.
186,192,195.
29. Applicable to 2,3,4,5,7,9,11,13,15,16, 2,7,9,13, 11,24,129, 2,3,7,9,13, 11, 34, 2.3,9, 34,52, 16,20, 15,25, 4,5,47,48,
smaller cities and 17,20,24,25,34,37,38, 17,39,77, 144,169, 16,20,37, 37,41, 37,52, 187. 38,55, 67, 62,63,84,
to towns. 39,41,47,48,51,52,55, 90,101, 178,187, 38,41,51, 51,94, 118, 78, 133, 87,100,
62,63,67,77,78,80,84, 116,122, 191. 77,80,94, 117, 174, 145, 186, 107,108,
'87,90,94,96,100,101, 166,185, 96,118,128, 120, 200. 147, 188. 110,115,
107,108,110,115,116, 190,199. 129,169, 176, 151. 123,138,
117,118,120,122,123, 174,177, 177, 153,158,
128,129,133,138,144, 183,200. 187. 167,189,
145,147,151,153,158, 192,194,
166,167,169,174,176, 195,197.
177,178,183,185,186,
, 187,188,189,190,191,
192,194,195,197,199,
200.

that incidents should be appropriate to thé respective spots at which they are located, the following points should be watched:
1. Minima.—Enough incidents using various services or combinations of services should be selected to throw a good load on all the sçrv-ices. Actual serious-bombings are not likely to leave some of our services sitting on the sidelines, so our training rehearsals should try to involve them all, generally in a fair balance.
2. Maxima:—Pattern bombings should usually be planned to be large enough to u,se practically all units of all services, including sometimes all the probable reinforcements obtainable. It is not good to leave half or more of some service unused, with many times as many calls for some other service as there are elements available.
3. Tactics.—Arrangement of incidents should be of such a nature that real tactical problems are thrown upon the Control Center staff. For instance, early in the attack high explosive

might knock down many houses in a congested area of frame houses but few incendiaries may fall at first. Plenty of trouble with fire may be anticipated later, so calls for reinforcement and other reports to higher Control Centers would reflect tactical alertness if they point out this fact.
In order to provide for proportionate dispatch of services there must be careful selection from the 200 incidents plus careful supplementation from some additional source. The additional source should be a supply of simple incidents so that one may get, as he needs, incidents that use only fire services or only medical services or only some one other service. If such a source is available, one may select incidents with reference to table A and table B until one or another service begins to run short. The problem after this is to find just enough incidents of just the right type to clear the last unit out of the last service depot.
Such an additional source of incidents as that

called for above is provided in table C, pages 66 to 73. This table gives 9 incidents for each of the 24 types of situations described in table A. Each of the 9 incidents for each of the 24 types of situations attempts to call for 1 service and 1 only. While the table is not perfect in this respect it is nearly enough perfect to be usable in the manner suggested.

The easiest way to get a list of incidents according to pattern.
Table C can be used alone as a source of incidents that go according to a pattern and its use in this manner is recommended. To obtain a small and simple picture of an air attack according to pattern, select incidents as desired from table C and from no other source. The first such attack with which a Citizens Defense Corps staff or field force works would preferably be the small and simple pattern drawn from this source.

The Logical Follow-up for Raid Planning.
The logical follow-up for this raid planning is the development of a strategy at the operations table which will meet the various forms of attack. The Controller and the representatives of the Emergency Services should woxk out plans which will cover:

1. The deployment of mobile units within the community as the pattern of the bombing becomes apparent.
2. The determination of the time to request reinforcements for the services from outside the control area.
3. The assignment of Senior Incident Officers to serious incidents (or combinations of incidents) when required.

' I
Summary of the Chapter

To use practice incidents in any local situation they must'be systematically fitted to the area, not only by giving them street and road locations but by imposing other slight modifications. Warden’s solutions also require to be fitted to local conditions and to local practices particularly in reporting fires. A variety of supplementary messages will be required tô carry out the more advanced drills. These should be prepared at the same time the incidents are being fitted for local use. The most interesting applications of practice incidents to the local situation are in planning strategic attacks according to bombing patterns. Two ways to do this are given. Finally,'plans should be carried out to refit the practice incidents to the local area, perhaps more than one time.

CHAPTER III. BUILDING A PROGRAM OF DRILLS AND TESTS

It would be very foolish to attempt at first to handle, either in the field or in the Control Center, a pattern of practice incidents plus supplementary messages that would resemble what might be expected to come out of an actual air attack. A Citizens Defense Corps must start very simply with the elements, used a few at a time, working first for accuracy, then for speed.* Too much of a load should not be thrown on the Control Center in the first few practice sessions. It is well to begin with a limited number of incidents, and to allow ample time to handle them, then gradually to increase the volume and speed in subsequent exercises. It might also be advisable to start these exercises, using a small number of incidents in an exercise, progressing to larger numbers as proficiency increases.

¹ A Plan for Working Out a Complete Local Program
The point of the preceding paragraph is, that the graded series of Control Center drills and field force drills should be planned for each local Citizens Defense Corps. The Chief of Training, or some other responsible staff officer, or, better still, a committee of responsible staff people, should prepare written plans. The written plans should project the training activities concerned with practice incidents forward over several weeks or months. This is the only way in which the leaders and organizers of the training will be able to see th^ job clearly and see it through its whole range.
A plan or program of this kind, once made, should not be allowed to become a strait jacket.

It is neither to be followed slavishly nor to be thrown away. ' It is to be departed from freely at any point where good reasons appear for departing from it. Ori the other hand, it is to be consulted continuously, and at the end, since it is a planned route with planned goals, it should be compared with the traveled route and the attained goals.
In working out a program of this kind, two lines of thqught require to be followed through. The first is in connection with the requirement that was stated simply in chapter I, “Drills should be graded smoothly from easy to difficult.” The second is in connection with a second statement from the same source, “The participants should understand clearly the specific attainments to be expected from each drill.”

First, Define Each of a Series of Proficiency Levels.
To grade the drills smoothly from the awkward beginning to the finish on a high level of skill, one should set up a series of proficiency levels each a little higher than its predecessor. These levels should first be defined in general terms. There should be a series of levels for the Control Center staff. There should also be a series of levels for the field staff, particularly for Wardens and Messengers. The motorized services, Fire, Rescue, Medical, etc., based at depots, will be in and out of the practice incident exercises, so the small parts of their training plans that involve only dispatching need not be given the step-by-step quality that is required for the report and control services.
The levels of proficiency for the Control Center staff and for the field force should be described in parallel columns because they will require to be tied together as a level of combined proficiency at several points. More concretely, plans should be made to. run combined exercises at several x>f the levels of proficiency, not just at the highest level. Simple combined exercises can be done successfully by units that are still incompletely trained if the activities are kept simple enough.
The descriptions of the different levels of proficiency should be in terms of the speed and accuracy that is desired. They should be descriptions that answer such questions as, What can the people be expected to do? How

fast? How accurately? What tests should they be expected to pass?

Second, Determine Specific Skills for Each
Service at Each Level.

Having worked out the grading of the drills in quantitative and descriptive terms, so as to draw the drill program into focus for convenient testing at each of a number of proficiency levels, the program makers should turn their attention to the second requirement as stated in chapter I, “The participants should understand clearly the specific attainments to be expected from each drill.” This means that for each level of proficiency the specific skills required by each participating individual and group should be stated. At the first level state all the specific skills, with the necessary speed and accuracy standards, required respectively of Wardens, Messengers, Controller, Communications Officer, Chief of Medical Service, Panel Clerk, etc. • At the second and succeeding levels, state the new skills required and the new levels of proficiency required.
The program maker or program committee should delegate most of the jobs of defining specific skills to instructors and Chiefs of Services. The people who do the teaching should do the job analyses for their own improvement. Thus, they will set up for themselves their teaching objectives. The training guides for the special services, of course, provide materials for this purpose. The program committee should furnish a copy of the description of levels of proficiency with test specifications, etc., to each person assigned the task of preparing a job analysis. The instructor should be required to complete his assignment at an early date and submit it as a report. Such a report, when approved by the program committee, should become a part of the program.
A sample of the job of defining the levels of attainment and of describing drills and tests that can be used at each level is submitted below. The sample ¹ is in two sections. First, a set of definitions and descriptions of the objectives is set up so that these items appear in parallel columns. Objectives for the Control Center

.¹ This is a sample of only one of the two jobs for program makers described above. A sample of the second job, that of stating specific objectives for specific services at specific levels, is not submitted here. Such analyses belong in the courses for the services rather than in this volume-

staff are given in one column and for the field elements, such as Wardens, Messengers, and the mobile services, in the other. At three of the six levels, combined maneuvers are definitely indicated. At a fourth, combined maneuvers are provisional, and at still another level, Level Two, the Message Room in the Control Center works with the Wardens and others in the field but is separated from the Operations Room.

The parallel columns serve to make these points clear.
* Following the section giving objectives in detail, there is a section suggesting drills and tests to be used at each level by both the Control Center staff and by the field elements. It will be noted that a seventh level of attainment is defined but that it applies to the Control Center staff alone.

Proficiency Objectives For a CD Corps at Each of Seven Levels of Attainment

FOR THE CONTROL CENTER STAFF

LEVEL ONE. Understanding and Accuracy.— The Control Center will try to handle each in-message from an incident accurately, ordering the dispatch of the proper equipment and making the proper record. The time element is not involved here.

LEVEL TWO. Standard² Speed for Basic Problems Only.—The Control Center staff will try to work up speed to where it can take 200 in-messages and handle them accurately at standard speed. No supplementary messages concerning incidents and no other complicating factors are assumed. Telephonists at this level will master taking field messages but field messages will not be put through the Control Center.

LEVEL THREE. Standard Combined Performance; Basic Problems Only.—At this level the Control Center will try to be able to handle incidents from the field at satisfactory speed with no complications except those that faulty reports from Wardens would offer. The final test must include a proportion of such faulty reports. Demonstration in combined maneuvers under strict test conditions.

LEVEL FOUR. Standard Performance; Every Type of Message.—At this level the Control Center will try to handle the practice incidents accurately plus the whole repertoire of supplementary. in- and ou t-messages. The final test will require services to be dispatched and subsequent field reports from their leaders received. All sorts of reinforcement problems involving neighboring cities and higher report centers will-be involved. Training for this level will terminate in the second combined maneuvers test.

LEVEL FIVE. Overcoming Destruction of Communication and Control Facilities.—At this level the Control Center will master all procedures

FOR THE FIELD ELEMENTS
LEVEL ONE. Understanding and Accuracy.— The Wardens will try to become able to report each incident as the incident is reported in the Warden’s solutions or in equally accurate manner. Similarly they will try to arrive at the same, or equally good, judgments as are given in the Warden’s solutions on the acts of the Warden at the incident. The time element is not involved here.

LEVEL TWO. Standard Speed for Basic Problems Only.—Wardens will try at this level to demonstrate in the field the proficiency called for at Level One. Procedures will be enacted; reports will actually be sent; standard speed will be attained.

LEVEL THREE. Standard Combined Performance; Basic Problems Only.—Wardens will try to report accurately all practice incidents delivered to them in a formal test; time limits strictly observed. Demonstration in combined maneuvers under strict test conditions. Whether special services do or do not proceed to incidents according to orders for dispatch is optional at this test level.

LEVEL FOUR. a. Standard Performance; Every Type of Message.
b. So^e Proficiency in Incident Management.— Wardens at this level will try to master the proper delivery of all supplementary messages that may originate at an incident. Concurrently they should learn these incident management duties:
1. How to select parking spaces and arrange traffic flow lines.
2. How to give services correct priorities.
Special services at this level will report to incidents. Test in combined maneuvers.

LEVEL FIVE. Overcoming Destruction of Communication and Control Facilities.—At this level, as many field units as possible will gain experience

! The word “standard” as used above, refers either to standard speed per incident, or to a standard over-all performance. The Office of Civilian Defense does not arbitrarily recommend a speed of handling incidents as standard, because there are many variable factors in each community. Local authorities should' survey their estimated need in terms of possible or probable incidents per hour and adjust accordingly. The end to be aimed for is that the Control Center shall be able to handle all of the incidents in any raid which its city sustains before fires get out of hand or injured people die from lack of care. >

Proficiency Objectives For a CD Corps at Each Seven Levels of Attainment—Continued

necessary to cope with interruptions of communications and control. Telephone exchange will presumably go out or be overloaded, to be succeeded by WERS and by Messengers. The Control Center will'be evacuated and an alternate Control Center activated. Combined exercise test optional.

LEVEL SIX. Demonstration of Complete Preparation for Air Attack.—At this level the Control Center will receive a full set of 200 incidents with all supplementary messages. All incidents will be from new locations and with necessary modifications will present a new and unfamiliar pattern to the Control Center. Test strictly umpired in every détail. Build up to 3 to 5 reports from each of a number of the incidents. Training should terminate in a combined maneuvers test. z

LEVEL SEVEN. Preparation for Different Pat-térns of Attack.—Only the Control Center Staff will be concerned at this level. Here a variety of logical pattern bombings will be arranged. In “dry runs” of the patterns of incidents the staff will try to achieve best solutions of the following types of problems:
1. Assignment .of Incident Officers.
2. Deployment of mobile units within the community.
3. Requests for and dispositions of reinforcements.
(a) Time to make requests.
, (b) Routes and rendezvous points.

with WERS. Wardens and Messengers wi¹! try to master all elements of the best ways to handle communication through messengers. A final test in combined exercises at this level is optional.

, LEVEL SIX. Demons tra tion of Complete Preparation for Air Attack.—At this level Wardens will be prepared to handle entirely new incidents, receive services, and handle up to 5 supplementary reports, subject to complete check by umpires. Services will be dispatched full force subject to complete check by umpires. Training should terminate in a combined maneuvers test.

NOTE ON LEVEL SEVEN.—In cities where Citizens Defense Corps staffs have reached this level of training, they have found that some of their prqblems might involve information about vital installations that should not be publicized. Exercises should be planned so that information properly of a restricted nature is not used outside the Commander’s staff. This state*-ment is not madè to cause staffs to lean over backwards in the matter of using incidents related to vital installations. Staffs should use such incidents in the field without publicizing their relationship to vital installations. '

The Drills and Tests Appropriate to Each Proficiency Level

LEVEL ONE. For the Control Center Staff.
Objectives.—Understanding and Accuracy.
Materials.—The materials required for drilling the Control Center Staff at the beginning are a supply of regular operational equipment and forms plus two sets of Umpire’s Form No. 138 or the equivalent form used locally. One set of Umpire’s forms is for use of the Telephonists and the other is for the instructor in Control Center procedures.
Drill.—Distribute a set of forms to Telephonists according to a scheme to give proportionate res^nsibility to each. For instance if there are 10 Telephonists, give No. 1 Incidents 1, 11, 21, 31, etc.; No. 2, Incidents 2,. 12, 22, etc. Have each Telephonist refer to the Warden’s message in her first Umpire’s form and prepare her first message. See that it is correct. Advance the 10 messages one step. See that this step is taken correctly. Carry the 10 messages over their full course in this manner. Repeat as necessary. Set up a flow of messages one at a time. Break off this flow from time to time for a recapitulation. In short, follow this step-at-a-time procedure or some variation that will accomplish the same result. Attainment of .the ability to process properly a message reporting an air raid incident is the result desired.
Tests.—Formal tests are not required at this level. Instructor will devise his own examinations for his class.

LEVEL ONE. For the Field Elements.
Objective.—^Understanding and Accuracy.
Materials.—Wardens will probably be fheeting in classes at this level. A class should have a Warden’s copy of each of about 30 incidents and the instructor should have a set of Umpire’s copies of the same incidents.
Drills (Instruction).—The methods by which a good» instructor would consider a Warden’s copies of incidents, one by one, and work out solutions in discussion will not require description.
Tests.—Formal tests are not required at this' level. Instructor will devise his own examination for his class.

LEVEL TWO. For the Control Center Staff.
Objectives.—Standard Speed for Basic Problems Only.
Materials.—Same as for Level One.
Drills.—The best drill at this level is for the operations room only. The drill may start with a set of the 200 practice incidents in the form in which the Telephonist would take them. These may simply be stacked in order before the Controller. Dry runs are made over and over, first a few at a time, then more, then all, then all again as many times as are required-to attain satisfactory speed.
The following scheme for graduating speed of handling incidents brings out a characteristic developed in

the 200 incidents that may be overlooked or misunderstood. Particular attention to diis scheme is therefore recommended.
Each practice incident is assigned to a time interval. The same number of incidents are not assigned to each interval but the intervals are of equal length. . Thus there will be irregularity in the spacing of reports. The flow of practice incidents should simulate the surging manner in which incidents will occur and be reported in an actual raid. A simple tabulation will bring out the scheme:
Time interval No. — 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
No. of incidents assigned to — 534324221 1 1 6 2 2 each time interval. .
In drill for speed, it may be well to start by allowing two minutes for the incidents assigned to each interval. The interval can later be reduced to one minute, and later to V2 or ^of a minute. It is recommended that strong efforts be made to adhere to a time pattern of this type as speed is built up.
Meanwhile, the Telephonists should drill with the Wardens in the field, taking their messages but having them carried no further.
Tests.—Timing will be the principal interest. A ’ quick check for accuracy on runs using the whole series of incidents will be provided if a photograph is taken of map and panel at the end of each run. If duplicate sets of Control Center solutions are achieved for all runs, the pictures will show point-by-point duplication.
The reports from Wardens received by Telephonists have some value in checking Telephonists but they are mainly useful as a test of Wardens at Level Two. *

LEVEL TWO. For the Field Elements.
Objective.—Standard Speed for Basic Problems Only.
Materials.—Five incidents for each Warden.
Drills.—Five incidents for each Warden or five developments of one incident will be delivered, one at a time, at specified times by a Checker or Unfpire, who will observe and record actions, timing all action carefully. The Warden will dispatch his messages to the Control Center.
The number of incidents given to each Warden is, of course, merely a suggestion. When a checker goes out to a Warden’s post to give the Warden one or more incidents, they should work with enough material to be worth the time and energy both are giving to the assignment. (See ch. V, p. 16, and appendix D, p. 81.)
Test.—The Umpire’s records on each Warden plus the Control Center records can be put together for any incident or any run of incidents. The result may be regarded as a test result.

LEVEL THREE. Combined Maneuvers of Control
Center and Field Elements.
Objective.—Standard Combined Performance; Basic Problems Only.
Materials.—All required materials, equipment, and forms to function as Citizens Defense Corps during a

real air attack plus two sets of practice incidents on Umpire’s forms and one set of practice incidents on Warden’s forms. (These forms are illustrated in ch. V.)
Tés fa. 7—At this level the entire drill is a test with the efhphasis on results. Of course the test may be repeated as many times as desired, but it would be well for each repetition to be closely umpired and all results to be analyzed. In the final “run” of this test, dispatches of mobile⁻ equipment may be found desirable. In such a “run,” road blocks due to incidents should be observed. Dispatch, departure, and arrival times should be recorded. Also in* preparation for the final run, each incident should be relocated at a new point in the city. This is to insure that judgments called for are real judgments, not just recollections of previous judgments.
At this level the tests should be strict tests of combined exercises; however, all the elements of the exercises are planned in advance and will be controlled as planned. Free maneuvers, into which unplanned elqjnents are permitted to come, belong on a higher level of training.

LEVEL FOUR. For the Control Center Staff.
Objective.—Standard performance in face of all message coiiiplications.
Materials.—A full set of 200 practice incidents plus every imaginable supplementary message of the type discussed on pages 2, 3, and 75.
The supplementary reports should be sprinkled very liberally through the practice incident reports. The practice incidents located as at Level Two should be used in the first “runs” at this level because the greatest familiarity with the regular incident reports is desirable while the learners concentrate on the new unfamiliar supplementary reports.
Drills.—Follow the suggestions for Level Two for working up accuracy and checking speed at this level.
Tests.—Drills in which records are kept constitute tests. However it is very desirable when both the .Control Center staff and the field elements are apparently up to standard to run a combined test as at Level Three. The complete change of locations of incidents for the final test, as suggested at Level TJiree, should be repeated hère. The maneuvers will prove» to be almost as completely controlled as at Level Three if umpires take the places of, or play the parts of, those outside the local Corps who receive or originate supplementary messages. This means that calls to State Control Center, for instance, will actually go to some umpire in the local city, who will play the part of the State coordinator.
However, there is no virtue in keeping all elements of a field test under control indefinitely. There are advantages in permitting such exercises gradually to exhibit more and more spontaneous elements. Since the Wardens are t’o receive some incident management training at Level Four, some selected incidents may be permitted to grow as the Warden in charge of the incident may choose, thus giving the Control Center staff some problems that even the Commander or Controller will not know about in advance.

555030*—43---3

It should be noted in passing that maneuvers calling for reinforcing equipment from a neighboring city actually to report and participate in drill can hardly be initiated by a single city. In maneuvers in which local vehicles substitute for equipment from a neighboring city, have automobiles with conspicuous appropriate tags on them play the parts of “Fire Engine, (or Rescue Truck) from ------It is however, very desirable for authority above the local level in each State and each region to activate large area drills.

LEVEL FOUR. For the Field Elements.
Objectives.—Standard Performance with Every Type of Message; Also Some Incident Management.
Materials.—Use practice incidents as at Level Three but have them follow through until 4 or 5 messages have been/ sent.
Drills.-—Use procedures for dispatching messages as at Level Two and Level Three. Two steps in the management of many of the incidents should be worked out and incorporated in the drills. These are (a) parking and traffic flow, and (b) priority of services at the incident. ,
Tests.—As indicated above, one or more combined maneuvers should be run; check very strictly; motor units should deliver equipment. At some incidents, a demonstration of incident management should be required, with all forms of motorized equipment engaging in activities on the scenes of the incidents.

LEVEL FIVE. For the Control Center Staff.
Objectives.—Overcoming Destruction of Communication and Control Facilities.
Materials.—WERS equipment. Alternate Control Center equipment.
Drills.—Same as at Level Four with the added complication that units of Telephone equipment or thé whole telephone facility are put out of use at a point in the rehearsal. Also it becomes necessary before the rehearsal is over to evacuate the Control center and carry on from Alternate Control Center with whatever records have already accumulated there.
’ Drills should include variations in methods for bringing in the Alternate Control Center. For instance a three man rotation of some key people such as the Controller might be used. Then, at a specified point, a relief Controller could take over a Main Control Center; the Controller could go to Alternate Control Center; and the Controller at Alternate Control Center could take the relief position. Such a rota arrangement 'could include such positions as Panel Clerk, Records Clerk, etc. Pictures should be taken from time to time of Control Center and Alternate Control Center maps and panels. If the times for taking pictures in thé two centers are properly synchronized, pairs of pictures can be compared later when the test is being analyzed.
If a given community Defense Council has supplemental means of communication, in addition to telephone and Messengers, it is suggested that that community arrange for the activation of these additional systems during the course of training for Level Five.

Should the Citizens Defense Corps be equipped with WERS, carrier pigeqns, telegraph circuits or other ■ communications facilities, it is well to plan on using each one, for at least a portion of the exercise, to accustom those charged with their operation in actual handling, dispatching and receipt of messages.
Tests.—Formal tests at this level are optional.

LEVEL FIVE. For the Field Elements.
Objectives.—Attainment of maximum proficiency with WERS and with Messengers.
Materials, Drills, and Tests.—Appropriate to the objectives as indicated in training guides and handbooks on the subjects of Messengers and of WERS.

LEVEL SIX. For the Control Center Staff.
Objective.—To Demonstrate Complete Preparation for Air Attack.
Materials and Drills.—Indicated sufficiently in discussions of Level Three, Level Four, and Level Five.
Tests.—Tests for all the understandings and skills required at both Level Four and Level Five. Make the final test with all incidents in new locations and with out-of-town men on the Umpire staff. Make this test a real review of the Corps.

LEVEL SIX. For the Field Elements^
Objective.—To Demonstrate Complete Preparation for Air Attack.
Materials, Drills, and Tests.—Indicated sufficiently in discussions of Levels Three, Four, and Five. Lay added emphasis on incident management problems.

LEVEL SEVEN. For the Control Center and
Selected Incident Officers.
Objective.—To Attain Maximum Preparation for any Likely Pattern Attack.
Materials, Drills, and Tests.—Tests are usually “dry runs’’ on materials .prepared as suggested in chapter II. However, field exercises are very desirable when of a nature not to expose locations or vulnerability of vital installations.

The 200 Incidents Are Both Drill and Test
Material, But Primarily Test Material.

It will be noted that drills and tests all the way through, as suggested above, stem from the 200 practice incidents. The assumption is that these 200 practice incidents will “wear” for both these purposes through 6 levels. It may be noted in passing that the presentation of the practice incidents in this manner at each level is sound because different communities may elect to use them for one or the other purpose at any or all of the levels. Presented in this broad pattern of application, any community in the country, whether just beginning in Civilian Protection graining or well along in its

training, can find a level at which it can use these practice incidents.
Returning to the question of whether the 200 practice incidents will wear as both drills and tests over several levels, it must be stated that only use will settle the question completely. The provision at Level Three and again at Level Four that the incidents be entirely relocated before being used as a test should safeguard the test in each case from too great familiarity on the part of those who will take it. At Level Six the provision for Level Three is repeated, and the graver incidents are to be carried along until 4 or 5 reports to Control Center would accrue from each. Other similar variations are provided. Therefore, these practice incidents are likely to work out satisfactorily for use both as test and as drill materials.

However, if a choice has to be made, they should definitely be preserved for use as tests.

Summary of the Chapter

A complete local program of drills and tests, using the practice incidents given in chapters VI and VII, should be planned for each city. Drills and corresponding tests should be set up for each of a series of proficiency levels. Having defined the proficiency levels, the requirements in each special service should be analyzed into skills required at each level. A sample of a series of proficiency levels, stated only in terms of objectives, is set up in parallel columns for Control Center staff and field elements. Then descriptions of drills and tests for each group for each level are provided.

CHAPTER IV. PREPARING A CITY FOR A LARGE SCALE PRACTICE EXERCISE

In chapter III, we have considered how to work up from simple activities that can be carried out by a little group of Wardens in a classroom to a complicated set of maneuvers involving the Citizens Defense Corps of a great city. The latter activity should illustrate all the problems that arise in an air raid. In fact, it may properly be called a mock raid.
When our maneuvers become developed well enough that we can subject a city to a mock raid, we involve far more than the membership of the Citizens Defense Corps. We involve the most complicated mechanisip that has ever been produced by human endeavor—the modern city.
What should be said here about involving a great city in Citizens Defense Corps practice exercises has already been said so well in the editorial columns of the Baltimore Evening Sun, in paying a fine compliment to a sister city, that the problem for this chapter can be presented most effectively by direct quotation from that editorial.
“Yesterday in Chicago, something approaching realism took place, when 200 C. A. P. planes raided the city, dropping phony bombs made of paper and hitting railway' terminals, war plants, loop skyscrapers. Seventeen bombs hit the Daily News Building. The missiles were of various colors—incendiaries were red, demolition bombs blue, delayed action green,

gas yellow. Theoretically, Chicago was all messed up. The best feature of the show was the efficiency of the 200,000 civilian defense personnel.
“Yet even this raid was far from approaching the real thing, though it undoubtedly was well stage-managed and was of value in training the ordinary citizens as well as the wardens, watchers, messengers, and other Civilian Defense workers. A big city is an extremely complicated organism. Anything which disrupts, even momentarily, its ordered routine meets with well meaning opposition from every quarter.
“This is, why civilian defense officials have everywhere been slow to plan grandiose mock raids. This first large-scale test in Chicago should be useful in many ways. It demonstrates the care and planning necessary for even a mock 'raid. And it gives everyone some small suggestion of the significance of a large-scale attack by air.”
Many a Citizens Defense Corps has learned by bitter experience that a city is a complicated mechanisjn that cannot be reorganized and coordinated anew to perform strange new functions by merely waving a wand or publishing a mayor’s proclamation.
Most large cities, and many smaller key cities rushed into civilian defense organization and training after Pearl Harbor because of the

urgency of the situation. Cities learned to blackout, many of them in the hard way that involved too little preparation and too many misunderstandings. Citizens Defense Corps were thrown together into organizations that within a week were trying to rehearse what ♦ \
might be required of them next week or even the next night—organized resistance to a full scale enemy air attack. Many Citizens Defense Corps traveled at headlong pace into training situations that developed tensions and misunderstanding.
By the time ¿ities reached the point of putting on the “grandiose mock raids” mentioned in the Sun editorial it was quite clear that Citizens Defense Corps efforts to get themselves and their cities ready effectively to resist and neutralize the effects of a real air raid might, indeed, “disrupt ordered routine”, at thousands of points in the city’s life.
We have reached a point in most of our communities where careful planning of every important practice exercise must be made. Our goal in planning should be to anticipate every event in the exercise clearly enough to see who in the city will be affected. Then we should provide opportunity for all such persons inside or outside the Citizens Defense Corps to be properly prepared.
Space will be taken here to discuss only briefly and simply the means of preparing all participants in a practice exercise. There may be many good ways but, in the interest of brevity and simplicity, only one way will be discussed.
The way to get one of the larger practice exercises in form so that it can go off smoothly is to do what the .Army does about a set of maneuvers—get it on paper in advance. A few simple steps should be followed to get each practice exercise on paper in form to notify and instruct all Citizens Defense Corps services and all other public and private facilities and groups that will be involved.
The recommended steps follow:
Step One.—Let the Commander write, preferably in not more than a paragraph, a statement of the specific proficiency or skills toward which his Citizens Defense Corps and his city should aim the drill. This statement “sets up the target,” so to speak, in its larger aspects only. Subordinate officials and in

structors will translate this general proficiency for the Corps into specific skills for individuals and groups. The Commander’s statement and subordinate statements along this line will give individual participants the answer to the question “Just what should I expect to get (and try to get) out of this drill?”
It is well to have a standard title for such a paragraph. Since any deficiency in skills creates a training situation, and since many conditions, even some outside the Citizens Defense Corps, may create a need for special drill, the title suggested for this paragraph is “The Situation To Be Improved.” Under such a title, the Commander could write from the point of view of skills to be built up or of special conditions or problems or opportunities within the city to which a training exercise should be adjusted.
Step Two.—Let the Commander write in the form of an order, again in a single paragraph if possible, a statement of the specific activities or exercises in which the Corps as a whole will engage. No details are required here and elements or sections within the Corps or facilities or groups within the city will not be mentioned except to make the general outlines of the set of maneuvers clear. Again subordinates and instructors will be expected to work out details for individuals and groups in and out of the Citizens Defense Corps. A good title for this paragraph is “The Operation to Be Conducted.”
Step Three.—The Commander, and perhaps one or two of his aides, will think their way vividly through the exercise outlined in Steps One and Two. They will analyze the exercise to answer the following questions: What may be expected to happen? Where? To what and whom? How? This hasty informal consideration of details is pieliminary to the actual planning of details. The Commander, and one or two aides should not attempt to plan out the details of such a large exercise; such planning is the job of a considerable number of key people in and out of the Defense Corps. It is in order to select these key people to do detailed planning that the Commander should make his preliminary analysis. As he visualizes an activity, he should note down the groups or interests that will be involved and the names of one or two that he can get from each such

¹ group or interest who is a key individual and can speak for it.
Included in his list of key persons will be the Chiefs of Services, other Citizens Defense Corps executives, and still others outside the Citizens Defense Corps. If retail interests will be involved, the secretary of a retailers association will likely be on his list. If common carriers are involved, some traffic executive in whom all have confidence will be on the list. If the schools will be involved in the exercise, a school superintendent will be listed. In this manner a group of key people in and out of the Corps will be listed and will be called together to do the detailed planning for the exercise and to write out the plans.
Step Four.—The selected key people will work—together as a whole group, as small groups, and as individuals—to produce and write out directions for carrying out the exercise. The directions produced by subordinates within the Corps may be brought together as subparagraphs in a document for which the first and second paragraphs have already been written in Step One and Step Two. Before this fairly long list of directions, developed by many separate individuals and grdups, is brought together in a single document, all items should be carefully checked and rechecked for conflicts and inconsistencies. The Executive Officer, in his capacity as Chief of Staff for the Commander, should organize and supervise this checking job. This' finished document, for which the title Field Exercise Memorandum is suggested, may be signed by the Commander and circulated as a regular order of the Commander. The direction produced by traffic people, retail interests, and other interests outside the Citizens Defense Corps may be validated by the officers of the appropriate groups or associations and appended to the Commander’s Memorandum.
Step Five.—After there has been detailed determination of what is to be done, the entire plan will be given the widest publicity through all the regular channels of information. In fact, Step Four is not complete until all decisions concerning publicity have been reached and plans covering publicity have been formulated. There are, of course, some exercises that are purposely not announced to the public and some, even, that are not announced to the

Citizens Defense Corps. In short, perfect logic would require the inclusion of this step in Step Four, but the necessity for adequate publicity in advance of most Citizens Defense Corps combined exercises is so great that it is here presented as a major step in preparation.
If the five simple steps outlined above are followed well in advance of a large Citizens Defense Corps exercise it is possible to have all persons who will be seriously affected by the exercise fully informed, fully represented in planning, fully satisfied and in a cooperative mood, and, in most cases, fully committed in writing. This set of procedures or others equally effective should forestall much opposition that might otherwise develop. It should also forestall much of the negative criticism that has been, from time to time concentrated on administration of Civilian Defense exercises.
The procedures suggested above takes care of more problems than the problem of preparing those people of a city who are not in the Defense Corps. It provides a convenient means of adjusting any exercise to any special difficulty. For instance, it is not feasible under war production conditions to keep a total blackout in effect long enough to give the Citizens Defense Corps good practice in working under blackout conditions. As this is written, there is' a trend toward restricting a “Red” period to not more than 10 minutes. Even if this period is made 15 or 20 minutes, it is scarcely possible to get Drivers ôn the way in a mock raid until the “Red” is over. With the detailed planning technique outlined above, a staff could twist a mock raid out of shape a bit, start Wardens reporting incidents some minutes before the “Red,” and thus have the maximum number of Drivers on the road, gaining experience in blackout driving, while the abbreviated “Red” is in progress. This is only one illustration of, the manner in which, “ground rules” of this kind can be injected into exercisès developed by the plan outlined above.
Finally, a very fundamental principle is involved in the suggestions in this chapter— the principle that no large scale maneuver can ever be ady better than the staff work that preceded it. In military circles, high credit is given to the Commander who is known to have a “good staff mind.” This quality in the Commander of a Citizens Defense Corps in a city is

fully as important as in a military leader. Careful advance work measures the success of any operation, civilian defense dr military, in training or in combat. In short, the ability to build a good staff and use it is the prime ability a Commander must possess.
In appendix B, pages 76 and 77, a complete sample directive is shown. This is such a Field Exercise Memorandum for a large

Citizens Defense Corps exercise as grows out of the systematic staff procedures outlined above. In appendix C, pages 78 to 80, are a number of instructional problems for a city Citizens Defense Corps staff. These problems are samples of convenient materials for training a staff to work up exercises in the manner suggested.

CHAPTER V. UMPIRING AND EVALUATING FIELD EXERCISES

A Civilian Defense field exercise can be given many of the qualities of an athletic field day if it is umpired. Among such qualities is that of vivid interest for both participants and spectators. This does not mean that all umpired Citizens Defense Corps exercises should be tournaments with all the trimmings of a holiday event, but it does mean that any well umpired exercise has the intrinsic spectacular and interesting qualities of such a tournament.

/ ■ ■ , ¹
What Umpiring Accomplishes

Wardens may go through motions of servicing imagined air raid incidents and unit personnel may run to imagined bombed spots, but such actions have a meaningless quality to the participants, unless there is recognition of a right action at the right place at the right time and a check on actions that go wrong. The presence of a trained observer, or Umpire, to record every significant action, therefore, gives a reality to actions that otherwise seem unreal.
Timing is vital to a field exercise just as it will be vital to the real battle the Citizens Defense Corps may have to wage against enemy attack. With proper organization it is possible to get (a) the time when a bomb strikes, (b) the. time when the Warden sends a message to Control Center, (c) the time when the message is received at Control Center, (d) the time when dispatch message goes from Control Center to depot, (e) the time when the dispatch message is received at depot, (f) the time when equipment and personnel leave depot, and (£) the time when equipment and personnel arrive at the incident. All these and some other time records and many quantity records can be made for every incident by Umpires properly placed during a field exercise. These records can be

quickly put together and interpreted after the exercise is over. Thus the Commander and the staff may have a clear and accurate picture for the whole city of all the elements in the exercise. The time records alone give a very good picture. Such a picture locates weaknesses and needs for further training and places responsibility in a final manner, not open to argument.
One or two Umpires at the scene of each incident can get three of the seven kinds of time reports plus the quantities and kinds of personnel units and equipment units delivered at the incident. The Control Center records yield two of the time reports and the depot records yield the remaining two. Umpires* records are collated with Control Center and depot records for each incident. The total of such records for all the incidents in an exercise furnishes perhaps 90 percent of the information required to make an accurate evaluation of that exercise.
, The information concerning calling for, dispatching, receiving, and returning mobile equipment and personnel may be called the primary information required for evaluating an exercise. It should be possible to get all primary information required by stationing Umpires at the scene of each incident. However, Umpires can gather a variety of valuable auxiliary information. For this reason Umpires are frequently stationed at the Control Center and sometimes are stationed at the depots and receiving stations. Primary information concerns what was done and when; auxiliary information concerns how it was done. At incidents, in the Control Center, and in the dispatching depots, the auxiliary information is perhaps usually secondary. At a casualty receiving station and in rescue work at incidents

the how of doing things becomes fully as important as the what and when.

How to Establish Umpiring Teams
One of the best ways to get a team of Umpires recruited is to set a date a few weeks away for a field exercise for the Citizens Defense Corps that will require Umpire service. It will help if some experienced men from the State and Regional Civilian Defense Offices are expected to participate. Some of these should be officers of the Army.
With such an event scheduled, the Commander should enlist the services of the most influential citizen available as Chief Umpire. Then, with the Chief Umpire’s help, he should proceed to recruit a staff of Umpires. Most cities that have tried this plan have found it fairly easy to fill the rolls for the Umpire team with names of well-known and prominent citizens in the community.
Many people find they can serve as Umpires who are not available for service in regular assignment in the Citizens Defense Corps. A regular assignment in Citizens Defense Corps obligates one to be constantly, or at least usually, available. An Umpire’s assignment involves being available for a definite time, after which the obligation lapses unless renewed, again for a definite time. Therefore, many citizens, with a deep sense of obligation to contribute time and effort to civilian defense but whose occupations preclude their being constantly available, find in umpiring an opportunity to discharge such obligations.

Working With the Chief Umpire
Having selected the Chief Umpire, the Commander should work out the program of recruitment training and operation of thé team of Umpires with him or should have a regular staff member work these matters out with the Chief Umpire. The Chief of Training is usually the logical person for this assignment. In fact the Chief of Training is a logical person to be designated, as Chief Umpire unless a person outside the Citizens Defense Corps can be found who has a genius for quick aggressive organization of a city-wide enterprisè.
There are four steps to work out with the Chief Umpire:

1. Inform him.—Explain to him more in detail than is included in the text just what is outlined in What Umpiring Accomplishes. Then using mainly Form 138, given on page 19, explain to him how records are obtained, collated, and interpreted.
2. Recruit Umpires.—Plan with him the recruitment of the needed team of Umpires. The minimum needed will be one Umpire for each incident. Two Umpires at an incident can do a far better job than one. Control Center Umpires may be needed but they should usually be experienced mien from the State Defense Council or from the local Citizens Defense Corps staff. Some depot Umpires or some' special Umpires for casualties may be required. Finally, it is well to provide enough alternates for assignment to posts left vacant at the last minute because of illness or other, unavoidable cause.
Having decided on the number of Umpires in the team, plan with the Chief Umpire the recruitment of the number required. The resources of the Citizens Defense Corps staff and the local Volunteer Office should be available to the Chief Umpire in recruiting the team. Umpires should have the following qualifications:
a? Willingness and time to serve.
b? Familiarity with a locality in the city.
c. Tact and diplomacy.
3. Train the Umpires.—Plan with the Chief Umpire the training of the team of Umpires. An incident Umpire should be able to obtain in one evening session all the information he will require to do his job well. Instructors should take them in small enough groups so that individual questions can be asked and answered. Umpiring at an incident can be reduced to a mechanical process of checking for primary information by someone who knows nothing about the use that is made of the records he makes. However, if a good type of person is obtained for Umpire service, he will appreciate knowing how the data are put together and what objectives are being sought. Also his interest and his value will be enhanced if he is taught to collect auxiliary as well as primary information. This would mean a brief discussion of What Umpiring Accomplishes, a presentation of Form 138

(see p. 19) with a discussion of how the Umpire uses it, and an explanation of the auxiliary points of information to be collected. A quick check to see that points are understood correctly plus some instructions on how to get to the incident, how to signal at the incident, and how to conduct himself generally should complete the Umpire training.
4. Plan the procedures.—The Chief Umpire will have the following duties in connection with umpiring the exercise:
a. To cooperate with the Commander in arranging incidents.
b. To make out Umpires’ roster assigning Umpires to incidents in localities with which they are familiar.
c. To distribute incident envelopes to Umpires at a designated time prior to the exercise.
d. To collect Umpires’ reports and see that they are completed properly for use in the critique.
e. To prepare and conduct the Control Center and the Warden’s critique in cooperation with the Commander.
Reach an understanding with the Chief Umpire on these points. It may be well to summarize key points regarding his duties and responsibilities and furnish the statement to him in writing.

Prepare packets for Incident Umpires.
Each incident Umpire should be furnished a packet that will contain all .the forms and instructions he will need. A convenient time to give each man his packet is at the end of the period for instruction just before dismissal. Each packet should contain:
1. A copy of one or more incidents to be given to a Warden, sealed in envelopes with exact instructions as to place and time of delivery on the outside of each envelope.,
2. One or two copies for each incident of' Form 138 with the spaces for the incident and for the Warden’s solution filled out. (See Form 138, p. 19.)
3. A sheet of “Instructions for Umpires.” (See appendix E, p. 84, for a suggested set of such instructions.)
4. A copy of the directions found below, entitled “How the Incident Umpire Uses Form 138.”

5. A copy of Form 138 complete for a type incident with all data required by the Chief Umpire to give a critique of the conduct of the incident. (See, appendix F, p. 86 for such a completed form).

A General Form For Umpires
Figure 1 shown on the next page, OCD Form No. 138, while not prescribed, is a form that presents many advantages for use by an incident 'Umpire and that presents particular advantages for the Chief Umpire when used as the principal basis for his critique of the conduct of an incident.
It is well to mimeograph a supply of these forms. It will be noted that the forms are ' designed for reproduction on the typewriter. In estimating the number of forms required it is wejl to allow three copies for each incident. A typist prepares a set of forms for each incident by typing with carbon copies the description of the incident and the Warden’s Solution found in chapter VI in the appropriate spaces on the form. In typing the Warden’s Solution, use as short lines as possible so as to concentrate on the left side of the page and leave white space on the ᵥ right side for use by the Umpire in making notes. Copies of the incident only (Form 138, sec. 1) can be made on the same typing run as that for the complete form by inserting a short form for this section behind the long forms and using a short carbon. Two copies of the incident only, Section 1, should be made.

How the Incident Umpire Uses Form 138.
A good illustration of how the Umpire fills out Form 138 as he observes developments at the incident is found in the ’ sample completed form on page 86. However, some additional explanation will be helpful. The Umpire fills' out the little box headed “Time of Reports.” The symbols in the left column in the box expand to the following meanings: T1—Time of incident. “
Written?—Did Warden write out report form? T2—Time Warden attempted to phone control center.
T3—Time he established a connection.
T4—Time he finished telephoning.

Figure 1.—General Form for Umpires.

C55030*—43----4

The Umpire notes the Warden’s actions and checks them against the given solution. He may note down the actual Warden’s solution alongside the correct solution dr he may simply note down Warden’s deviations from the given solution. He covers his part of the Control Center solution, section 3 of the form, by noting the receipt at the incident of dispatched services. Amounts and time of receipt are noted in the blank to the right of the appropriate service. He notes on the back of the form any auxiliary information he is required to get. (See suggested instructions to Umpires, p. 84.)
The form, bearing the Umpire’s report, is turned in to the Chief Umpire at a designated time and place. The Chief Umpire takes it to the Control Center. Here a clerk looks up data for the little box entitled “CC Dispatch Records” and calls depots to get “Time Dispatch” to be noted in section 3 to the left of the name of the service dispatched. The clerk also notes the record of “Intelligence to” and runs down and notes any discrepancies in dispatch and receipt of services that are apparent.
The form, at this point, should bear practically all the information that the Chief Umpire will require in formulating a critique of the handling of the incident. A sample of such a critique is found in appendix F, page 85.
If the Umpire has been furnished two copies of Form 138 for his incident, so he could scribble on the carbon and fill the original out carefully later, it will be best'to ask him to turn in both copies. This is to guard against chances that incidents with solutions that are to be used again become scattered about over the community.
Control Center Umpiring

A reading of the foregoing discussion of incident umpiring and an examination of the samples of an Umpire’s report and a Chief Umpire’s critique in appendix F make clear that a field exercise can be well umpired without any Umpires at all in the Control Center. The primary information furnished by Incident Umpires can be collated with Control Center records to give a clear picture of how the incident was managed.
Frequently, however, one or two Umpires with broad knowledge of control center opera

tions are placed in the Control Center to make a general evaluation of its efficiency in a field exercise. The information such Umpires collect is all of the auxiliary type answering the question how, pertaining to manner of operation, rather than the questions what and when pertaining to incoming reports and dispatch messages and other outgoing reports. Umpires may also note physical arrangements in the Control Center. A check, sheet used extensively in one section of the country in umpiring the Control Center is given in appendix G, page 88.
Of course, if Control Center procedure is such that accurate and complete records for all messages are not kept, it will be necessary to send a team of Umpires into the Control Center to make the record required; in other words, to gather the primary information to be collated with incident Umpires’ reports.
* __
Umpiring the Handling of Casualties
There is a wide-spread practice of testing the actions of those who handle casualties by providing simulated casualties and recording how they are handled. The simulated casualties are volunteers each of whom wears a tag telling what his injuries are supposed to be. The “casualty” is found in a position in which a person with such injuries as are shown on his tag would be. Wardens, Stretcher Bearers, and other appropriate persons render services to the “casualty” and the Umpire notes how they do it. A check sheet for the Umpire on handling of casualties is given in appendix H, page 89.
Umpiring Other .Services
Special check sheets fot umpiring such services as Fire, Police, or Road Repair can be devised and used. Examples of such check sheets are beginning to appear. After a CD staff becomes familiar with the principles and processes of umpiring they will find themselves capable of devising interesting variations and new applications.
Caution on Umpired Exercises
A Warden may satisfy an Umpire on all or part of his solution of an incident by saying to him, “I would first do______, then do------, then call Control Center, after that I would do ________________________________________, etc.” It is better, however, for the

Warden actually to do as many as is proper of the things the incident would require him to do if it were real. Other actions should be simulated as realistically as possible so that time requirements may be taken into account.
This word of caution must, however, be observed: Do not permit Wardens to do unseemly things. For instance, if a Warden, in working out Incident No. 9, should actually go

into a theater in an air raid test and announce to the audience, “This theater is on fire, I must ask you to evacuate it,” his action would be highly improper.
Wardens should be instructed on these points before working realistically, with incidents. Otherwise there is likely to be some impetuous individual who will do something ridiculous before he thinks.

CHAPTER VI. PRACTICE INCIDENTS WITH WARDEN’S SOLUTIONS

On the following pages a series of 200 practice incidents are given. Following the description of each incident, the proper actions to be taken by the Wardèn after discovering the incident and the proper reports, to be sent are given. The uses to which these incidents, may be put and the procedures for adjusting them to their various uses are described in chapter II. The ways to prepare these incidents for use by Umpires, Wardens, and others in combined exercises are discussed in chapter V.

The wording of the' Warden’s message is controlled by the blank form that he fills out in making it. The form upon which reports in the following Warden’s solutions are based is given on page 22. Items checked for Yes or No must be reported in all initial reports. The date and time on the form are for the Warden’s own reference and are not reported. For explanation of the “time interval” item in each incident, see page 11.

A List of 200 Practice Incidents With Wardens⁹ Solutions

INCIDENT 1
You hear a heavy explosion in the middle of street. It leaves a 6-foot wide crater, which is filling with water. Two Auxiliary Policemen badly injured by bomb fragments. Smell of illuminating gas present. Street passable with care.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 1.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident :___.) High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped; 2 casualties.
Partial road block on __ between __ and______.
Gas and water mains broken.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid. Posts road block warnings for approaching units and vehicles. Warns any persons nearby about gas. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 2
You hear a heavy detonation, and see 3 residences demolished. Your resident records show 30 persons

live in these 3 houses. Your hear some screams from under debris. From information given by uninjured resident of 1 house, there are 5 or 6 trapped in basement of that dwelling. The houses struck are now on fire.
Location_________________.
Time Interval No. 1.
The Warden’s Solution
' 1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
"‘Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post__; initials location of incident____.) High explosive.
Fire, out of-control.
Some trapped; many casualties.
(Remarks) Three residences demolished and afire.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Releases those casualties readily accessible. Activates any available fire-fighting equipment and assistance. Renders urgent first aid, and removes any casualties from dangerous locations. Charts locations of trapped. Mqets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent.by: Warden. None..

INCIDENT 3
You hear a heavy explosion in narrow vacant lot between 2 small dwellings. Investigation discloses that buildings are badly damaged. Your records show 6 persons living in building^. None is evident, and none

Figure 2.—Warden’s Incident Report Form.

has been seen to emerge. You hear some moans under debris!
Location_________________
Time Interval No. 1.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report. .
(Your post initials location of incident --)• High explosive.
No fire.
Some trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) 2 dwellings housing six persons demolished.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Charts locations of trapped casualties. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by : Warden. None.

INCIDENT 4
You hear a dull thud on roof, then see a bright flare in windows of unoccupied building. Investigation discloses fire-fighting equipment is available, also number of Fire Guards. Water supply is satisfactory; all indications are that you can control fire locally. No casualties apparent.
Location_____________
Time Interval No. 1.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Indications are that fire can be controlled locally. No report to Control Center required at this time. Warden assists fire fighters if necessary.
2. Message sent by: Warden. No report during raid. Reports incident after “all clear.” .
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 5
- Isolated bam full of hay is burning fiercely. No casualties apparent.
' Location _ _________________’
Time Interval No. 1.
The Warden’s Solutioh
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. As this is an isolated barn and there is no threat of fire spreading, allow to burn out.
2. Message sent by: Warden. No incident report until after raid. ,
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 6
Watchman in building reports to you that fires have started in 11th floor of 12-story office building after several objects struck roof. No casualties apparent. Upon investigation you find that building has own

pumper crew operating and⁻fire is lessening; appears to be under control.
Location_________________;
Time Interval No. 2.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. As building defense group appears to have fire under control, no report to Control Center necessary during raid.
2. Message sent by: Warden. No incident report until after raid.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Assists building defense group if necessary. Keeps check on progress of fire. Institutes any building evacuation necessary.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 7
Investigating a blaze, you find that fire has started in attic of a small house from an incendiary bomb. Four persons fighting, fire are burned. Fire in house out of control when you arrive on scene.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 2.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; intital report.
(Your post initials location of incident_____.) Incendiary.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; 4 casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. If necessary for safety, assists casualties to protected location. Warns occupants of adjacent houses. Assists in fighting fire. Meets services and provides information. ,
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 8
Fire Guard on roof of adjacent structure spots fire in building involved in Incident No. 6. Sees no services in action or on scene. Checks and finds building defense group functioning and Warden on scene.
Location________
Time Interval No. 2.
The Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Fire Guard. Checks to ascertain if building defense group is on duty. Finds group functioning. Assists if necessary. Leaves reporting of incident to Warden.
2. Message sent by: Warden. No report until after raid. <•
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 9
You are near---------- theater, where the audience has been held, due to the performance being underway

when the raid started. Screaming civilians rushing from the doors are injured; and smoke starts seeping from the ventilator and/fire exits. You enter by the rear stage door, and find a section of the stage is on fire and out of control of theater defense group.
Location_________________.
Time Interval No. 3.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls /Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial message.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Fire, out of control.
None trapped; many casualties.
(Remarks), Theater stage afire; panic situation.
.Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) .taken by: Warden. Assists theater defense group to evacuate audience and allity panic, directing persons to nearest protected shelter. Checks to ascertain if any casualties are left in theater.
Assists in fighting fire. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 10
You are standing in a doorway when a heavy object explodes against wall of building opposite and shatters window. Quick examination of wall surface discloses heavy oil-like stains with pungent odor. In apartment where window was broken you find 3 women rubbing their eyes. They have been slightly splashed about the arms and face. Mild south wind blowing.
Location_________________.
Time Interval No. 4.
The Warden’s Solution '
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Puts on gas mask. Sounds gas alarm. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial message.
(Your post initials location of incident __.)
War gas.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) probably mustard; people splashed, now cleansing selves; mild south wind.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Removes casualties from apartment with broken window to nearest apartment where facilities for self-cleansing are located. Posts warning signs around immediate area of contamination. Upon/arrival of Gas Reconnaissance Agent, ropes off contaminated area. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 11
An Auxiliary Policeman runs up to tell you that the center span of the ________ River bridge has been

demolished in the explosion you heard about 1 minute before. Your investigation discloses center of bridge completely destroyed. No casualties apparent.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 4/

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Notes that Auxiliary Policeman takes post on his side of bridge to warn approaching units or vehicles. Calls Control Center. ,
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post ; initials location of incident __;) High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
Road block, center ______’ Bridge.
(Remarks) North end of bridge now posted.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Ropes off or otherwise posts bridge entrance to release Auxiliary Policeman for other duties.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 12

You hear numerous dull thuds on roof of_____________ Press Building. Sudden glow of bright light from top floor. Two incendiary bombs fall and start burning in street. Watchman in plant informs you of fire and that there have been 3 or 4 burn casualties. The building has a well-trained defense group and plenty of fire-fighting equipment with which to combat fire.
Location_________________
Time Interval No. 4.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by : Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident_______.) Incendiaries.
Fire, under control.
None trapped; 4 casualties.
(Remarks) Casualties burns.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. If necessary for safety, directs or assists casualties to protected location. Warns occupants of adjacent buildings if necessary, and directs evacuation. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 13

You hear an enemy plane landing, having been forced down in a large open lot. Two aviators are thrown clear of the plane, and are staggering around, apparently injured. Plane is on fire.
Location___________________
Time Interval No. 4.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. -Mobilizes available assistance to restrain enemy pilots. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Airraid test; initial report.
(Your post initials_____; location of incident —•) Fallen enemy aircraft.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; 2 casualties.
(Remarks) Fire is burning plane.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Guards enemies against any possible mob action which may develop. Renders most urgent first aid. If practicable, initiates measures to control fire in plane. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None

INCIDENT 14

You hear several heavy objects strike roof of a garage in a congested neighborhood. Fires start inside, enabling you to see that -the garage, which is filled with cars, is in danger of complete destruction. Some cars are on fire, but there are no casualties apparent.
Location_________________.,
Time Interval No. 5.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid tést; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Incendiaries.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Fires are burning cars.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Warns occupants and supervises evacuation of persons in adjacent buildings to protected locations. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 15

Firemen on duty at fire house hear heavy concussion, and report presence of a large hole in street in front of building. You find this hole is approximately 15 inches in diameter. Alongside the hole you find a curved piece of metal about 10 inches long and quite heavy. The ground around the hole and leading down appears quite firm. The edges of the hole are not’ blackened. Windows in area are intact. There are no casualties apparent.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 5.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Advises head of Fire Depot that UXB is in front of building. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) UXB.
No fires.
None trapped; no casualties.
UXB in street in front fire station.
(Remarks) Entry hole 15" diameter; part of kopfring found.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Initiates immediate dispersal rof persons within 50 yards of UXB. Directs persons so removed to shelter at safe distance from UXB. Posts warnings at street ends to bar passage of units or vehicles. Meets services and provides, information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 16

You observe 2 medium sized bombs strike the street and explode, spraying a pungent liquid on two Auxiliary Policemen standing in doorway at _ _ _______ Street.
Strong smell of hay present. Policemen are coughing and their eyes are watering.
Location _________________
Time Interval No. 5.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Dons gas mask. Directs Auxiliary Policemen to upwind area. Sounds gas alarm. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post___; initials_; location of incident_.) War gas.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Two gas bombs; probably phosgene.
Report ends.”
3» Subsequent action(s) taken by; Warden. Warns units or vehicles from passing into contaminated area. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden.’ None.

INCIDENT 17
Watchman reports several objects fell on roof of lumber yard sheds and started fires in piles of lumber. Fires are spreading rapidly when you arrive at scene. No casualties evident.
Location____________'___
Time Interval No. 6.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.

2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post ; initials ; location of incident Incendiaries.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Many fires in lumber sheds.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Warns any, occupants of adjacent buildings. Activates and assists any available fire-fighting facilities. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 18
You are standing 1 block away from a row of houses which are struck by heavy objects. Explosions in Nos. _______, _______, and ________demolish these
structures. No.__________ appears about to cave in. Fire has started in debris. Strong smell of illuminating gas. Numerous casualties, who report several others trapped in wreckage.
Road is blocked by debris.
Location________________.
Time Interval No. 6.
The Warden's Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident
High Explosive.
Fire, out of control.
Some trapped; many casualties.
Road block on __ between __ and___________
Gas escaping.
(Remarks) At No._________, house about to fall
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Assists casualties to protected location, if necessary; renders most urgent first aid. Cooperates with Fire Guard in fire-fighting. Evacuates persons in adjacent houses to protected locations. Charts location of trapped. Posts road block warnings. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 19

You hear sounds of a bad wreck, and find that a fire ladder truck has collided with an ambulance containing 4 injtired persons. The ambulance driver is killed, and the doctor and nurse are seriously injured. Ambulance is badly damaged, but fire truck can proceed. No firemen injured.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 7.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.

“Air raid tqst; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident_______) No fire.
None trapped; 7 casualties.
(Remarks) Collision between fire ladder truck No.
___and ambulance No. no firemen injured; fire truck proceeding 'on its mission.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid tó injured. Obtains identification of fire engine before it proceeds on mission. Covers body of dead driver. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 20
An usher from a small motion picture theater runs up and tells you that a heavy object fell through roof and exploded on floor of theater, splashing 40 or 50 persops with oily liquid, with garlic smell. Several hundred were in theater when raid started. No wind.
Location________________
Time Interval No. 7.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Dons gas mask. Investigates interior of theater. Sounds gas alarm. Calls Control Cénter.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) War gas.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Mustard gas bomb splashed 40 or 50 in audience of 200. No wind. ₜ
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Supervises evacuation of theater, directs splashed persons to nearest self-cleansing facilities in gas-free area for removal of outer clothing, bathing, and eye irrigation. Directs evacuees to nearest shelter in gas-free area. Posts warning signs on doors of theater. Warns approaching units and vehicles about gas contaminated area. Upon arrival of Gas Reconnaissance Agent ropes off area. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 21
Rounding corner in yoür Sector you see that a large apartment house has been set afire. Flames are coming from windows and through roof. Fire appears serious. No casualties apparent.
Location ________________.
'time Interval No. 7.
, The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
V 2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials_________/location of incident __.)

Incendiaries.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped.; no casualties.
(Remarks) Large apartment house burning.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Directs evacuation of building. Checks to ascertain if there are any casualties left in building. Mobilizes any available fire-fighting facilities if not already in action. Warns residents of adjacent buildii^gs. Meets • services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 22 (Supplement to Incident 18)
Gas in broken main has exploded and is now on fire; seriously endangering persons trapped and hampering work of rescue.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 7.
The Warden’s Solution.
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
‘‘Air raid test; supplementary report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Gas fire.
(Remarks) Gas fire endangering trapped persons.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 23

You hear a heavy explosion in the __________factory. Investigation shows shelter room has sustained considerable damage. 10 persons are injured, and 5 more are known to be trapped in wreckage. Small plant protection group in factory.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 8.’

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
5 trapped; 10 casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid, and assists casualties to protected location if necessary. Assists plant protection group if required. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

s INCIDENT 24
You hear the sound of breaking glass, and see a group of 5 men entering stores. No armed police are in sight. There are 2 unarmed Auxiliary Police on duty with

you. Looters apparently armed with clubs and. possibly guns.
Location________________.
Time Interval No. 8.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident_______) No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Group of 5 armed men looting; will have looters followed by Auxiliary Police.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Calls attention of unarmed Auxiliary Policemen to fact that looters are armed. Has looters followed by Auxiliary Policemen until armed police ¿re encountered or hiding place ascertained.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 25
You hear a heavy thud in middle of street but no following explosion. Investigation reveals tail fin about 12 inches across protruding from hole in roadway.
Location ________________
Time Interval No. 9.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report. .
(Your post initials location of incident -__.) UXB.
No fire.
None trapped; no causalties.
UXB in street in front of No.
(Remarks) Tail fin about 12" across protruding from hole in pavement.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Posts UXB road warning. Disperses all persons within 50-yard radius of bomb. Directs persons so removed to protected location at safe distance from UXB. Collects details for- supplementary message. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Wardeh. None.

INCIDENT 26
You are standing one-half block away when there is a heavy explosion, followed by fire in the Casualty Station in your Sector. You find that one end of the station 'is demolished and burning. There are many casualties, apparently about 20, including most of the medical personnel. Some are trapped in wrecked section.
Location________________
Time Interval No. 9.

555030°—43---5

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden. x
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident--.) High explosive.
Fire, out of control.
Some trapped; 20 casualties.
(Remarks) Casualty Station heavily hit; most of medical personnel casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Mobilizes any available assistance and moves injured to protected location, if necessary. Renders most urgent first aid under direction of any uninjured medical personnel. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 27

You hear several extremely loud explosions at________ and_________________________________________________Streets, which jar the whole neighborhood. You find an office building has been heavily hit. The interior has collapsed and there is a fire raging, while front wall appears in danger of falling in the street. A watchman from the building across the street informs you that 20 or 30 persons had taken shelter in the building when the raid started. They are now obviously trapped. There is also a large crater at corner of ____________________________________________________^hd__Streets.
Location_________________.
Time Interval No. 10.

The Warden’s Solution

1. * Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
Fire, out of control.
30 trapped; no casualties.
Road block on_____________at----------
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Charts, as far as possible, locations of trapped casualties. Posts road block warnings. Collects information for supplementary message to Control Center. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent niessage sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; supplementary report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) 20 trapped; 10 casualties.
(Remarks) Road block passable with caution; wall may collapse into-----Street.
Report ends.”

INCIDENT 28

You hear explosion which you find has demolished a vacant house, blowing considerable debris into street

and causing a road block. A large volume of water is escaping from under debris. No casualties apparent.
Location____________-____
Time interval No. 11.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post ; initials ; location of incident __.) High explosive. No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
Road block on __ between __ and__________
Water main broken.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Posts warning signs on street blocked by debris. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 29

Investigating an explosion, you find the side wall of west baggage room at Railroad Station blown in. Many people are injured. This room was used as a shelter for 100 people and yvas filled at the time. The Railroad Station Defense Group has the following facilities, all in operation:____First'Aid Rooms,*
_____Rescue Squads,*_______Medical Teams.*
Location __
Time Interval No. 12.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report
(Yourₜ post
initials location of incident __.)
High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped; many casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Assists or supervises evacuation of uninjured to protected location. Assists, if required, in handling casualties under supervision of station’s medical group. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 30

A civilian tells you there is a fire raging in a nearby tenement. You find fire out of control. Neighboring tenements are threatened. No casualties apparent.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 12.

*Note.—These facilities will vpry according to size of town and station.

The Warden's Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Fire, out of control.
No trapped; no casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Directs evacuation of tenements on fire, also neighboring houses. Checks evacuees present against list of known residents. Utilizes -any available facilities to fight fire. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 31
(For Medical Officer in charge of Hospital, etc.)
Six or 7 incendiary bombs fall through the roof of _ _ _ _ Hospital in south wing, and start .fires that quickly become out of control. 350 patients are in the hospital, Which is an inflammable wooden structure.
Location ______________. _.
Time Interval No. 12.

The Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Medical Officer in Charge. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Medical Officer in Charge.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) / Incendiaries.
Fire, out of control.
Many trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) 350 patients in hospital; fire raging.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Medical Officer in Charge. Organizes evacuation operation. Activates hospital Defense Group to fight fire. Estimates additional assistance required, and collects detailed information for supplementary message to Control Center.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Medical Officer in Charge. None.
INCIDENT 32
(Supplement to Incident No. 31.)
You see flames in top floor of hospital and investigate at once. You find floor on fire. Patients being evacuated by staff, some of whom are fighting fire. Fire is out of control.
Location _______________.
Time Interval No. 12.

The Warden's Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Checks with Medical Officer in charge and finds message has already been sent to Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden. No further message unless requested by Medical Officer in Charge.

3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Assists hospital Defense Group as required and guided by orders of Medical Officer in Charge, etc. Meets services and directs to hospital authorities.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 33
A Fire Guard notifies you that a large apartment house around the corner has been hit and is on fire. You find three people badly burned when you arrive at building, where fire is out of control. '
Location_________________.
Time Interval No. 12.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials _ _; location of incident __.) Incendiaries.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; 3 casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Directs evacuation of persons in burning building to protected location. Renders most urgent first aid to casualties, and removes to protected location if necessary. Warns occupants of adjoining buildings. Assists Fire Guard to fight fire. Meets services and provides informa-’tion.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 34
You hear a terrific explosion in the middle of the street a block from where you are standing. Investigation reveals a large crater, completely blocking road, water from a broken main is rapidly filling crater. No casualties apparent.
Location___________________
Time Interval No. 12.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
Road block, on __ between __ and
Water main broken.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Posts road block warning. Meets services and provides information. .
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 35
Ypu see a plane on fire, plunge down, hit the roof of an apartment building. Building catches fire. While

you are investigating, there is a loud explosion and the 2 top floors of the building are badly wrecked. Plane is completely destroyed in explosion. Building is now burning fiercely. Subsequent investigation shows several badly wounded persons who were in the building at the time.
Location __________________
Time Interval No. 13.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden.. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident_______.) Fallen plane.
Fire, out of control.
Some trapped; many casualties.
(Remarks) Plane crashed and exploded top_______ Apartment building.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Directs evacuation of building and any persons in adjacent structures to protected location. Renders most urgent first aid to casualties. Assists apartment house Defense Group in fighting fire with any available facilities. Checks for trapped casualties. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 36

You are standing at the corner when a heavy object falls into the street, about a block and one half away, followed by violent explosion. 10 persons on the way to a shelter in the middle of the block between you and the blast are badly cut by debris and flying glass from shattered windows. You also find several suffering from shock.
Location_________________.
Time Interval No. 13.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center. ,
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident
High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped; 10 casualties.
. Road block in __ between __ and
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent aid to injured and assists those who can walk to nearest Casualty Station if it is located at convenient distance. Follows approved technique in handling shock cases. Posts । road blo'ck warnings. Collects information for supplementary message. Mpets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 37
Auxiliary Policeman turning corner sees house where Sector Warden’s Post is located hit and badly damaged by high explosive bomb. Investigation discloses Warden on duty and 3 occupants of house have been killed, 5 others seriously injured and possibility of 2 or 3 trapped. Road in front of house is blocked. ’No uninjured Warden is in sight.
Location _________________.
Time Interval No. 13.
The Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Auxiliary Policeman. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Auxiliary Policeman.
“Air raid test; initial report.
. (Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
2 trapped; 5 casualties.
Road blocked.on __ between __ and
(Remarks) Sector Post hit; Warden and 3 persons killed.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent'action(s) taken by: Auxiliary Policeman.
Mobilizes any available assistance to assist wounded to protected location, ahd render first aid. Posts warnings at both sides of road block.' Covers bodies of dead. Maps location of trapped casualties. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Auxiliary Policeman. I^one.
INCIDENT 38
You hear breaking of windows in school auditorium. Investigation reveals that a bomb has pierced the roof and exploded among the audience of 300 who were present listening to a lecture when the raid started and were held in the auditorium. Many in the audience are splashed with pungent, oily liquid smelling of geraniums. Some complain of burning in eye? and nose.
Location _______________... >
Time Interval No. 14. ,

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Dons gas mask. Spunds gas alarm. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post _ _; initials' _ _; location of incident _ _.)
War gas.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Gas bopib, probably lewisite, exploded in audience of 800.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Directs evacuation of audience in upwind direction to protected locations. Seeks aid to assist in evacuation, directs

gas casualties to nearest gas free facilities for selfcleansing. Checks building to ensure no others left therein. Posts warning signs on doors of building. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 39

You observe 2 stores in business section on fire and burning briskly.
No apparent casualties.
Location____________________
Time Interval No. 14.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post _ _; initials _ _; location of incident - -Fire, out.of control. ,
None trapped; no casualties.-
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Activates local assistance and facilitates steps to fight fire or prevent spread if no Fire Guard is available, until services arrive. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 40

You hear a loud explosion around the corner. Investigation discloses a large crater in sidewalk in front of restaurant. Entire front of restaurant demolished. 3 persons inside seem dead, and 1 is badly injured. There is a persistent odor of ammonia present.
Location ________________
Time Interval No. 15.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.)
High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped; 4 casualties.
(Remarks) Front of restaurant demolished; strong ammonia odor. \
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Removes injured person from ammonia gas area, if necessary, remembering that regulation respirator is useless against ammonia gas. Renders most urgent first aid. Investigates, if possible, for'further casualties. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 41

Two blocks from where you are standing there is an explosion on the front lawn of a small church. Investigation reveals that the foundations of the tower are severely damaged. The tower may collapse and block crossroad. 5 persons .in front room of church are slightly injured by blast and flying fragments. No others in church.
Location ____ ____________
Time Interval No. 15.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident_______) High explosives.
No fire.
None trapped; 5 casualties.
(Rerqarks) Foundations of church tower badly damaged; tower may fall across _ _ St.; casualties slightly injured.«
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Directs injured to nearest Casualty Station. Posts warning signs and ropes off dangerous area. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent Message Sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 42

A Messenger reports an explosion in a large grain elevator on the edge of town. Your investigation reveals structure partially destroyed and likely to fall at any time, but if so will not block any important road. There are'5 casualties—3 serious, 2 slightly injured. They have been moved out of building by others. Brick walls are not pitted or shattered.
Location _____________. _ _.
Time Interval No. 15.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
/ “Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident_______) No fire.
None trapped; 5 casualties.
(Remarks) Grain elevator explosion; cause unknown.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Evacuates any persons from area around elevator to protected location. Renders most urgent first aid to injured. Investigates for indications of cause of explosion. Collects information for supplementary message. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 43

(Supplement to Incident No. 21)

You have already reported this incident as a fire, but no casualties. Defense Group members on 6th floor report 2 women badly injured, found in bathroom. They have been brought to ground floor.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 16.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; supplementary report.
(Your post initials.location of incident
Fire, under control.
2 casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Removes casualties to safe location, if necessary. Investigates building to see if any more casualties are hidden. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 44

An Auxiliary Policeman reports to you that a small paint store in the business district is on fire. You investigate, and find the fire burning briskly, also a Fire Guard lying in the street, badly injured and unconscious. His station was on roof of adjoining building. No other casualties at scene.
Location_____________
Time Interval No. 16.

The Warden's Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center. ♦
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report. ,
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Incendiary.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; 1 casualty.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by.: Warden. Removes casualty to place of safety, if necessary, and renders first aid. Mobilizes available facilities to fight fire. Investigates roof where Fire Guard was stationed to ascertain cause of fall, if possible. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 45

Sighting a large blaze you find there is a serious fire in a bookstore which is located in the middle of a block of small stores. Imminent danger of fire spreading rapidly. Owner of bookstore lying on street, apparently injured by fragments of anti-personnel element. His

hand is blown off and he has severe injuries about his head.
Location____________________
Time Interval No. 16.
The Warden's Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. „ Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Incendiary.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; 1 casualty.
(Remarks) Casualty injured by anti-personnel element of incendiary.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Removes casualty to place of safety, if necessary, and renders most urgent first aid. Mobilizes any available fire-fighting equipment, if Fire Guard is not available to control spread of Conflagration. Meets services and prqvides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by : Warden. None.

INCIDENT 46.
You see several incendiaries fall and ignite in a gasoline station across fhe street from where you are standing in a doorway. The grease room catches fire. Gasoline is stored nearby, and is in danger of exploding. This is a congested district.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 16.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Contrdl Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post __; initials ; location of incident __.) Incendiaries.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Fire in grease room of filling station near gas tanks.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Evacuates persons in adjoining building to protected location. Posts warnings for traffic. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 47
■You observe 3 incendiary bombs fall in the middle of the street and start to burn. No, casual ties.
Location____________ _____.
Time Interval No. 17.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Warns any curious persons to take shelter. Warns

approaching traffic. Takes protected shelter against possible anti-personnel elements in bombs. Lets bombs burn out.
2. ^Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None at time.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 48
(Supplement to Incident No. 47).
Two of the incendiary bombs burning in street explode and injure an Auxiliary Policeman who emerges from house near bombs. He is only slightly wounded in arm by fragment.
Location’.______________.
Time Interval No. 17.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Waits until bombs burn out to guard against antipersonnel element in third unit. Directs Auxiliary Policeman to nearest Casualty Station and reports incident to Sector Post.
2. Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 49
You hear and see a loud explosion followed by fire in a parking lot used by the Army to store many vehicles and other Army stores. 5 or 6 cars catch fire and start to burn briskly. 3 soldiers on duty are badly* injured, apparently by blast effect. There is a large crater near center of lot. 2 other soldiers on duty are trying to save remainder of vehicles by driving them away from fire.
Location________________.
- Time Interval No. 18.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Call Control Center.'
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident_____) High explosive.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; 3 casualties.
(Remarks) Fires are burning army vehicles.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: .Warden. Assists casualties to place of safety, if necessary, and renders first aid. Post warnings for traffic. Assists soldiers. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. Nope.

INCIDENT 50
You see a fire that has broken out on the roof of a large 3-story residence. Fire Guard and occupants of the house are fighting the fire with stirrup pumps, and appear to be getting it well under control. This is a

densely populated area with a large percentage of wooden towellings. No casualties apparent.
Location_____________;___
Time Interval No. 18.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Assists in fighting fire, mobilizes any additional assistance available. Maintains¹ contact with Fire Guard on progress of operation in event fire spread requires fire services.
2. Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 51
You see a bomb fall at street crossing.. The explosion leaves a large crater, making this area impassable to traffic. You find 2 casualties, 1 apparently hit by shell fragments, the other a blast casualty. Both were in front room of house near corner.
Location_________________.
Time interval No. 18.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials. _; location of incident —) High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped; 2 casualties.
Road block on __ at____
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid to casualties. Posts road block to warn approaching traffic. Meets services and provides infdrmation.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 52
You hear an explosion; investigation reveals it has completely demolished a dwelling; 4 persons are trapped in basement. They are able to make themselves heard and report they are unhurt except for minor cuts, etc., but water, evidently from broken main, is rapidly flooding basement room in which they are trapped.
Location_____________•_____
Time Interval No. 19.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
4 trapped; no casualties.

Water main broken.
(Remarks) Broken main flooding basement where persons are trapped.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Charts location of trapped, and considers possibility of starting rescue work at once. Mobilizes any available assistance. ¹ Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 53
(Supplement to Incident No. 23.)
, While you are assisting factory Defense Group in treating casualties and helping rescue work, a violent fire breaks out at other end of wing where you are working. The factory water pressure is very low, probably due to break in mains from explosion. The trapped and rescue workers are now endangered by fire which is spreading rapidly.
Location _ — :_____.____
Time Interval No. 19.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; supplementary report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Fire, out of control.
(Remarks) Water pressure has failed.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Mobilizes all additional assistance and facilities available to control fire. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent bv: Warden. None.
•
INCIDENT 54
A railroad watchman tells you that an explosion in nearby freight yards has derailed part of a train and set a car of lumber on fire. 3 railroad men are badly injured by bomb fragments. Your investigation discloses that debris and fire have blocked 4 tracks in an isolated section.
Location_________________
Time Interval No. 20.
The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials — ; location of incident __.) High explosive.
Fire, under control.
None trapped; 3 casualties.
Transportation damage.
(Remarks) Car lumber burning. 4 isolated tracks blocked.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Obtains assistance to move casualties to place of safety,

if necessary, and renders most urgent first aid. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 55
You hear a mild explosion in front of house down the . street from where you are standing. Investigation reveals what appears to be bomb casing fragments, and there is a large splashed area of oily liquid on sidewalk and road. Slight odor of garlic. Mild west wind; apparently no one has been contaminated by liquid.
Location___________________
Time Interval No. 21.

Thé Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Puts on gas mask. Sounds alarm. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) War gas.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Gas, probably mustard, mild west wind.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Warns persons in downwind area. Posts warning signs around immediate area of contamination. Meets services and (provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 56
(Supplement to Incident No. 26)

You have left incident to help an injured person to Casualty Station set up one-half block away. Suddenly you hear a terrific explosion, and find a large high explosive bomb has fallen in front of wrecked Casualty Station. There are many more injured and dead. Debris from the demolished building has blocked road. 1 ambulance loaded with casualties has been overturned. Many more trapped, including members of Rescue Squad and Mobile Medical Team. Pumper at incident is overturned: all members of the crew injured.
Location_________________
Time Interval No. 21.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, ¹ taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by : Warden.
“Air raid test; supplementary report.
(Your post initials location of jpcident __.) Second high explosive.
More trapped; more casualties.
Road block on _ _ at —
(Remarks) Service vehicles at scene wrecked by HE; service personnel now mostly casualties.
Report ends,”

3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Locates accessible casualties, and with any assistance obtainable starts evacuation to protected location. Renders most urgent first aid. Posts warnings at approaches to road block. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 57

You hear the sound of a light explosion followed by breaking glass and find that a gas bomb has fallen outside the doors of waiting room of bus station. The explosion has shattered the glass doors, and the room in which 50 persons are sheltered is heavily contaminated with vapor. Odor of geraniums. Light east wind. Air is heavy, as before a rainstorm.
Location_________________.
Time Interval No. 21.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Dons gas mask. Sounds gas alarm. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials__________; location of incident
War gas.
No fire. ᵣ
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Probably lewisite; about 50 people evacuated; all more or less contaminated; light east wind; air humid.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Directs evacuation in upwind direction to protected locations, being careful not to pass through contaminated area. Directs contaminated persons to self-cleansing facilities away from gassed area. Posts warning signs around immediate area of contamination and warns persons in downwind area. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 58

You are standing in doorway across the street when' you see the roof of a large motion picture house sustain a direct bomb hit. Bomb explodes, and the roof and part of-walls collapse burning several hundred persons who have taken shelter in building. Rest of building in dangerous condition, and may cave in any moment.
Location_____________.___
Time Interval No. 22.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident --.) High explosive. *
No fire.

Many trapped! no casualties.
(Remarks) Roof collapsed o,n theater crowd.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Releases and renders most urgent first aid to any casualties found. Charts location of trapped persons. Posts .warnings of dangerous walls. Removes persons released to protected location. Collects information for supplementary message to Control Center. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; supplementary report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) (Remarks) 200 or more trapped; walls threatening to fall.
Report ends.”

INCIDENT 59
(Supplement to Incident No. 12.)
Fire previously reported in_____.___Press Building is gaining headway, fanned by strong wind. Fire has reached newsprint storage room and rolls of paper are now on fire. This room backs on a garage where several tanks of oil are stored. Fire is being fought by building Defense Group with own facilities.
Location__________________
'Time Interval No. 22.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden.
Calls Control Center. .
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; supplementary report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Fire, out of control.
(Remarks) Stored newsprint on fire; nearby oil storage makes danger of conflagration.
»Report ends.”
3. Subsequent aption(s) taken by: Warden. In cooperation with Fire Guard, mobilizes any additional equipment obtainable to assist building Defense Group and move volatile materials from path of fire. Evacuates any persons in adjacent buildings to protected location. Collects detailed information for supplementary message to Control Center. Meets' services and pro-, vides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 60
You see a small explosion in front of a large grocery store followed by a thick yellowish cloud. Explosion has broken windows of store, and vapor starts drifting inside. No one is in store or on street near incident. Mild east wind blowing.
Lpcation_________________
Time interval No. 22.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Dons gas mask. Sounds gas alarm. Calls Control Center.

555030°—43---6

2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) War gas.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Probably adamsite; mild east wind.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Warns person? in downwind area. Posts warning signs around immediate area of contamination. Collects information, for supplementary message to Control Center. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 61
There is a heavy concussion in street around the corner from where you are on post. There is no explosion. You investigate and find a smooth sided crater. No blackened edge. Hole is approximately 18 inches in diameter.
Location._________________
Time Interval No. 22.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message §ent by: Warden.
' “Air raid test; initial report. •
(Your post _ _; initials _ _; location of incident —) UXB.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
Bomb in _ _ St. between _ _ and__
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Directs dispersal of all persons within 50-yard radius of crater. Posts UXB warning. Meets services and provides information. .*
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 62
You are attracted by a bright light in the middle of the street, and find that an incendiary bomb has fallen and is burning.' You have a stirrup pump and 2 buckets of water in the house next door to where you are standing.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 22.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), ’listed in order, taken by: Warden. Warns any spectators away from bomb, and takes cover against possible anti-personnel element in bomb, allpws bomb to burn out.
2. Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report for record.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 63
A very bright yellowish-white light appears over the street where you are posted. The light is appar

ently attached to a parachute, as it is slowly descending to the ground. You have not been designated as a Warden to report first flares.
Location _______________.
Time Interval No. 23.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. None unless parts of flare or parachute land in your Sector.
,2 . Message Sent by: Warden. None unless parts land in your Sector.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4, Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 64
You discover that the flimsy residence structures to the rear of grocery warehouse at No. __ St., are ablaze from dropped incendiaries. A mild wind is blowing in a direction from the blazing building toward the warehouse.
Location__________:________
Tithe Interval No. 23.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent l?y: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Incendiary.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden, Mobilizes any available fire-fighting equipment, if Fire Guard is not available,, to control spread of conflagration; warns custodian of warehouse and residents of adjacent buildings; 'meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 65
You see a nearby restaurant on fire. Investigating^ you find the cook and a waiter burned and in great pain. The fire is out of control and spreading rapidly.
Location_________________
Time Interval No. 23..
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post___; initials location of incident _,.) Fire, out of control.
None trapped; 2 casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid to casualties and assists them to protected location. Evacuates any residents of adjacent buildings threatened by fire.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 66

You see several incendiaries drop in street and ignite. One of them sets fire to a small, isolated wooden newsstand. No casualties.
Location___________________
• Time Interval No. 24.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Warns any,persons in vicinity to take shelter against possible anti-personnel elements in bombs. Allows newsstand to bufn out.' Allows bomb in street to burn out.
2. Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report for record.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 67

Auxiliary Policeman reports that a parachute is lying on the sidewalk at_____. At the same time, an ambulance driver stops and tells you that there is a large bomblike object lying in the street 1 block away.
Location_________________.
Time Interval No. 24.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s) listed in order, taken by: Warden. Sees land mine for himself. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) UXB.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Big unburied bomb in street with parachute; dispersing for land mine.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Starts dispersal of persons within radius of 400 yards of the mine to protected location. Posts UXB. warnings. Salvages parachute. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message^sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 68 ᵥ

Shelter Warden at________reports a very sick child.
Location_________________.
Time Interval No. 24.

The Warden’s Solution
*
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Very sick child in shelter.
Report ends.”

3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Meets, services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 69

You hear a large explosion at the corner of_________ Street and___________________________________________ Avenue, and find a crater about 12 feet across. Foundations of building on corner are damaged and a water main has been broken. Proprietor of a store near explosion has been hit by fragments and is blast victim.
Location________________, _. •
Time Interva' No. 25.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test;*initial report.
* (Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive. No fire.
None trapped; 1 casualty.
Road block on __ at Water main broken. Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid to casualty, and removes to protected location, if necessary. Posts road block warning. Directs evacuation of residents in building to protected location. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 70 *

You step into shelter where there are about 70 persons, 25 of them children. It is very cold and there are no facilities for heating the room. Very few blankets or other coverings are available. Everyone is hungry.
Locati6n-------------------
Time Interval No. 25.

The‘Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) No fire.
None trapped; ho casualties.
(Remarks) 70 to 80 persons, one-third children, in cold shelter; insufficiently clad; suffering.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Mobilizes assistants from civilians in shelter to search nearby houses for blankets or other coverings. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 71

(Supplement to Incident No. 61.)

You are assisting evacuation of persons about a block away, when you hear a heavy explosion. You find that a Bomb Reconnaissance Agent investigating UXB, previously reported, has been killed as bomb exploded. 4 houses on each side ‘of street are badly damaged. Large crater, about 16 feet, in center of road. Water and gas mains broken, electric cables overhead broken. As persons nearby have already been evacuated, there are no casualties apparent.
Location _______________.
Time Interval No. 25.

The Warden’s Solution ,

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
‘‘Air raid test; supplementary report.
(Your post initials location of incident ^_.) No fire.
None trapped; 1 casualty.
Road block on __ between __ and____
Wires down. Gas escaping; water main broken.
(Remarks) UXB exploded; Bomb, Reconnaissance Agent killed.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden.. Makes investigation of demolished houses to ascertain if there are any casualties trapped. Posts road block warnings. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

* INCIDENT 72 •

You have evacuated approximately 150 persons from their homes near a UXB, which you previously reported. They are being sheltered in a public garage, which does not offer very good protection. It is cold, the garage has no heating facilities, and the civilians have only inadequate apparel with them.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 26.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden. ,
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) About 150 evacuees from homes near UXB in unheated garage suffering from exposure.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Mobilizes any available assistance to forage for blankets or coverings. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent,message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 73

You see a shower of incendiaries fall, all except 1 striking on street. 1 falls in grease pit of service station and starts fire which is in immediate danger of spreading to stored gasoline. No casualties.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 26.

The' Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) . Incendiary.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
Report ends.” '
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Shields self against possible anti-personnel elements in bombs. Warns any persons nearby to take cover. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 74

You observe a Fire Guard fall off the roof of a 5-story building. He lands on the street, seriously injured.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 26.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) No fire.
None trapped; 1 casualty.
(Remarks) Fire Guard fallen from roof ; badly injured.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid to casualty. Investigates roof for possible cause of fall. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 75

’ (Supplement to Incident No. 67)

You have reported what appears to.be a p'arachute or land ipine lying in the road. Immediately after reporting you started dispersal measures. You have everyone out of houses on both sides of the street, except 2 end houses. The mine suddenly explodes and demolishes 6 houses on each side of the street, shattering windows and damaging other houses. You are around the corner when explosion occurs but returning for investigation find that there are 5 persons trapped in the 2 houses. There is a large crater in the road and broken

water main, and electric wires are down. No Bomb Reconnaissance Agent has yet arrived.
Location_______________
Time Interval No. 26.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Call Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; supplementary report. ’
(Your post initials location of incident __.) 5 trappe4-
Road block on __ between __ and
Wires down; broken water main.
(Remarks) parachute mine explosion wrecked 10 or 12 houses but most occupants out. No Bomb Reconnaissance Agent reported-
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Charts location of persons trapped and extricates any that are easily accessible. Posts road block warnings. Meets services and provides information.
4. , Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 76

You hear a loud explosion near police station, and find this building has been hit by a bomb. Investigation^ discloses 4 police are casualties. The jail doors have been broken and you see 10 or 12 men, not in uniform, running away from station.
Location ___________._____ •
Time Interval No. 26. .

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post __; initials location of incident__) High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped, 4 casualties.
(Remarks) Jail wrecked; 10 to 12 men running away.
Report ends.”
3/ Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid to casualties, removing them to protected location if necessary. Conducts search for possible trapped persons. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 77

You hfear an explosion on roof of______building and see a shower of flaming pellets scattered over roofs and streets. The roof of the Lodge Building catches fire, and Fire Guard on duty is burned about face by flying pellets. Other roofs in vicinity are also on fire. Lodge building has pump and available water supply.
Location _________________
Time Interval No. 27.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials __; location of incident __.) Incendiary.
Fire out of control.
None trapped^ one casualty.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Removes burned Fire Guard to protected location. Mobilizes any available assistance to fight fire, warning persons so Activated about nature of incendiaries. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 78
You hear several moderate explosions in the street, upwind from where you are standing. Investigation reveals a considerable area has been splashed with an oily liquid. There is a pronounced odor of geraniums present. No casualties. A gentle south wind is blowing.
Location __________________
Time Interval No. 27.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Dons gas mask. Sounds gas alarm. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident --•) War gas.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Probably lewisite; south wind.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Warns persons in downwind area. Posts warning signs around’ immediate area of contamination. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 79
While patrolling a street on your post, you discover a hole about 15 inches in diameter in entrance, to streetcar barn and bus garage. Edges of hole are smooth, no blackened area. Watchman in barn remembers hearing a concussion 15 minutes earlier.
Location___________________
Time Interval No. 27.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test, initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.)
UXB. ₍
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) UXB in entrance to car barn.
Report ends.”

3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Directs dispersal of any persons within 50-yard radius of UXB to protected location. Posts UXB warnings. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 80
A Messenger reports to you that 2 soldiers in enemy uniform were seen running from burning plane on ----- Country Club Golf Course. An Auxiliary Policeman has found 1 enemy soldier severely injured lying near burning plane.
Locatiop__________________
Time Interval No. 27.

The Warden’s Solution
I. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Location of incident--.)
Fallen enemy plane.
Fire, under control.
None trapped; 1 casualty.
(Remarks) 2 enemy crewmen escaped.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid to casualty. In cooperation with Fire Guards, or any other available assistance, endeavors to salvage plane. Notifies any available police of escape of enemies. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 81
A member of the Defense Group runs to tell you that there has been an explosion in --------- University
Administration Building. Your investigation discloses that the hall and entrance have been demolished. A student reports at least 7 persons were in the building at time.
Location----------------
Time Interval No. 28.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials -_; location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
Few trapped; few casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Charts location of any persons found trapped. Mobilizes available members of Defense Group, to release any trapped persons readily accessible. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 82

A coal yard watchman in your Sector reports to you that several coak piles have been ignited by a shower of incendiary bombs.’ No casualties.
Location________________.
Time Interval No. 28. *
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden-Verifies report. Calls Control Center.
,2. Message sent by: Warden.
‘ ‘ Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident______.) Incendiaries.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. In cooperation with Fire Guard, if available, or with watchman, activates any fire-fighting facilities obtainable. Warns any persons in adjacent buildings. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 83
You hear a loud explosion about 2 blocks from where you are stationed, and upon investigation find a wooden dance hall has been heavily damaged. No evident casualties, but the night watchman, usually on duty, is missing. Building is of wood and is almost demolished.
Location________________.
Time Interval No. 28.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent byi Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
One trapped; no casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Attempts to locate position of night watchman, presumed to be trapped casualty. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 84
Ambulance passing through street where you are on duty has a flat tire. 3 severely injured persons are in the vehicle.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 28.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Assists ambulance driver to change tire.
2. Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report for record.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by; Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 85

You find a Fire Guard, whose post is on roof of. building, lying unconscious in the street. You note his chest has been badly injured, apparently from some explosive force. His. eyes are wide open and set.
Location________________.
Time Interval No. 28.
The Warden's Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) No fire.
None trapped; 1 casualty.
Report ends.”,
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Covers body in fitting manner since man appears to be dead. Investigates roof to determine, if possible, cause of man’s injury. Notifies Sector Post so replacement of injured Fire Guard may be arranged. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 86
Upon investigating some suspicious noises in an alley, you discover a fire has been started in some trash. 3 figures run as you approach. You find a building watchman injured and unconscious in the alley.
Location________________.
Time Interval No. 29.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Fire, under control.
None trapped; 1 casualty.
(Remarks) Fire started by saboteurs; escaped watchman injured.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Scatters trash to extinguish fire. Removes injured watchman to protected location and renders most urgent first aid. Warns any available Fire Guards or Auxiliary Police about presence of saboteurs. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 87
An incendiary bomb lands in the street about 50 feet from where you are standing in a doorway. 5 or 6 spectators come out of nearby houses to watch the bomb burn.
Location________________.
Time Interval No. 28.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Directs spectators to seek shelter immediately. Shields

self against possible anti-personnel elements in bomb. Allows bomb to burn out.
2. Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report record.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 88
You note that .a bomb has crashed through the roof of the power house of an industrial plant where you are a Warden in the plant defense organization. It has exploded oh the floor, splashed 4 employees and the main control switchboard with an oily liquid smelling like garlic.
Location_________________
Time Interval No. 29.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Plant Warden. Calls Plant Control Room.
2. Message sent by: Plant Warden.
“Air raid test.
(Your post location of incident __.)
War gas.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Probably mustard.
Report ends.”
3. ' Subsequent action(s) taken by: Plant Warden. Dons gas mask. Sounds gas alarm. Dons protective clothing. Proceeds to power house, and evacuates splashed personnel to self-cleansing facilities for bathing and eye irrigation. Posts gas warnings.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Plant Warden. None.
INCIDENT 89
(Supplementary to Incident No. 29)
You are approaching the railroad station which sustained a previous hit that you have reported, when another bomb strikes, demolishing the Casualty Station wherein 30 casualties were being treated. All casualties and medical personnel are now trapped. There are about 200 uninjured civilians in station-
Location ________________
Time Interval No. 29.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Cehter.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test;.supplementary report.
(Your post initials location.of incident .)
High explosive.
No fire.
30 trapped; some casualties.
(Remarks) New high explosive bomb wrecked Casualty Station; medical personnel also trapped.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Evacuates uninjured from station to protected location. Mobilizes available assistance to release any accessible

trapped persons., Renders most urgent first aid where possible. Charts location of trapped. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 90
You see a shower of incendiaries‘fall on a stable wherein some 50 horses^ are quartered. You see a half dozen fires start burning. The horses are badly frightened, and trying to break loose. No human casualties apparent.
Location _______________
Time Interval No. 29.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident Incendiaries.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Many trapped horses.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Mo- -bilizes any available assistance to release and lead out trapped animals. Cooperates with any available Fire Guards in fighting fires. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 91
You are standing in sheltered doorway, and see a high explosive bomb land in the street, directly in front of an air raid shelter filled with people. The.shelter’s front exit is now blocked by debris, and a water main has been broken. The water is flowing into shelter which will shortly be flooded. The Shelter Warden has started evacuation through rear exit when you arrive.
Location _______________
Time Interval No. 30.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials._; location of incident
High explosive. .
No fires.
None trapped; no casualties.
Road block on .. between anti
Water main broken.
(Remarks) Shelter flooding; people being evacuated.
Report ends.”
- 3. Subsequent action (s) taken by : W,arden. Assists evacuation of persons in shelter through other exit to protected location. Posts road block warnings. , Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by ; Warden. None.

INCIDENT 92

You hear the sound of a heavy concussion followed by the tinkle of falling glass. You investigate and find an 18-inch hole in floor of main hall of post office. Skylight roof is shattered. No blackened edge on crater. Sides are smooth, walls of building are cracked. No blast effects showing. No casualties apparent.
Location______________
Time Interval No. 30.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident ...) UXB.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
UXB in main hall of post office.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. In cooperation with chief official present, assists in evacuation of persons in building to protected location and removal of any properties indicated by postal author-, ities. Disperses persons within 50-yard radius of building to protected location. Posts UXB warnings. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent- action(s) sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 93

You hear a heavy explosion, and upon investigation discover that the central fire dispatching station of the fire department has sustained a direct hit, completely demolishing the building and trapping or killing all occupants.
Location_________________.
Time Interval No. 30. (

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden, Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident --.) High explosive.
No fire.
Many trapped; some casualties.
Wires down.
(Remarks) Central dispatching station for fire department demolished; all personnel trapped-
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Charts location of trapped casualties, and mobilizes any available assistance to release and render first aid to those readily accessible. Collects ' information for supplementary message to Control Center. Meets services , and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 94

* You see an explosion about a block away, and find that an Army truck loaded with soldiers has been hit-almost directly with a high explosive bomb. The truck is completely demolished, with all soldiers and driver seriously injured or killed. There is a large crater in the road and parts of the truck are on fire.
Location_________________.
Time Interval No. 31.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials __; location of incident -_.)
High explosive.
Fire, under control. , ₄
None trapped; many casualties.
Road blocked on __ between __ and —.
(Remarks) Army truck loaded with men demolished.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Mobilizes any available assistance to remove casualties to protected location. Renders most urgent first aid. Posts road block warnings. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 95

You observe a shower of incendiary and high explosive bombs, hit_______(Aircraft), a defense factory. A huge explosion and fire follow, endangering several adjacent blocks of buildings. Street approaches to plant are blocked by debris. Telephone wires are down. Water and gas mains are broken. Large number of casualties. Ypu observe this much from gate at plant, which is guarded, although fence is partially demolished.
Location_________________..
Time Interval No. 31.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s),. listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center from nearest telephone or sends report by Messenger, if available.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report,
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosives and incendiaries.
Fires, out of control.
Many trapped; many casualties.
(Remarks) Many hits on _______________Aircraft plant.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Offers assistance to plant protection group, if accessible. Collects as much information as possible for supplementary message. Endeavors to arrange suitable

means of communication with Control Center. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; supplementary report.
(Your post initials location of incident Wires down; gas escaping; water mains broken.
(Remarks) Large fires and great damage visible from outside of plant; plant guards preventing entry.
Report ends.”

INCIDENT 96
(Supplement to Incident No. '24)
You hear a fusillade of shots, and see 3 men running away. Upon investigation you find 1 policeman and 2 looters dead in store, and 1 policeman shot, but still alive. Policemen were/ investigating your report of armed looters.
Location________________.
Time Interval No. 31.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; supplementary report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) 4 casualties.
(Remarks) Gun battle, police and looters.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid to wounded policeman. Covers bodies of dead. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 97
There is an open air swimming pool, full of water, in your Sector. While passing across the street you hear ₍ a heavy explosion, investigate and find that the pool has been hit. No casualties apparent.
Location_________________.
Time Interval No. 31.
The Warden’s Solution / ₜ
1. Action(s), listed in prder, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Swimming pool destroyed.
Report ends.’*
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 98
You are on a waterfront when you hear a loud explosion, and see that a moored ferryboat has been hit.

The pier is closed, but you can hear a man screaming, and a sailor comes running along the pier and tells you the boat is sinking with 5 or 6 men trapped or killed on the vessel.
Location_________________.
Time Interval No. 32.

INCIDENT 99
You see a large volume of water flooding street, and upon investigation find that a large standpipe, holding 200,000 gallons of water, has been hit by a high-explosive bomb. The plates are badly sprung, and water is escaping in large quantity from holes. Street leading down to___, _ _ has been flooded. No casualties apparent.
Location________;________
Time Interval No. 32.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
, (Remarks) Standpipe ruptured, street flooded.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Warns residents in any buildings that might be endangered by water. Meets services and provides information.
4. Susbequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 100
(Supplement to Incident No. 25)
A Bomb Reconnaissance Agent sent to investigate your report of a UXB falls through a soft spot in roadway into a large hole near the hole of the-entry of the assumed UXB. Observing this situation, with the assistance of another Warden, you dig in and release Bomb Reconnaissance Agent.
Location_________________
Time Interval No. 32.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Notes incident for post-raid report.
2. Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report for record. -
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid for casualty. Directs evacuees to return to homes. Posts road block warnings, removing any UXB warnings. Meets services and provides information.
•4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 101 ‘
From where you are standing, you see flames in a 2-story building housing a drug store. 2 Fire Guards are attempting to fight the fire with stirrup pumps, but it is out of control and spreading, threatening an adjoining row of stores.
Locatiorf_____________
Time Interval No. 32.,
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Incendiary.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Evacu-x. ates any persons in adjoining buildings to protected location. Assists Fire Guards. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 102
A, Messenger on way to Sector Post reports that a small dry goods warehouse has been set on fire. While you are investigating, several small explosions ignite other sections of building. The fire is obviously out of control and threatens 2 other warehouses, 1 on each side of present fire. There are no apparent casualties.
Location__________________.
Time Interval No. 33.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden.' Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Incendiaries.
Fite, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Dry goods warehouse burning.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Evacuates any persons in buildings threatened by fire to protected location. If Fire Guards are available,

cooperates in activating fire-fighting facilities, or mobilizes any assistance obtainable. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 103 -

Watchman for an oil tank farm reports to you that a heavy object has fallen in truck yard, exploded and spattered vehicles with an oily liquid that has a pronounced odor of garlic. Watchman’s eyes are irritated. No other persons present at site.
Location___________________
Time Interval No. 33.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Dons gas mask. Sounds gas alarm. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident________) War gas.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Probably n^ustard. •
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden.. Directs watchman to nearest self-cleansing facilities in gas-free area, and instructs him in proper self-decon-tamination. Posts warning signs around immediate area of contamination. Warns any persons in downwind area. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 104

Fire Guard on roof of__________Department Store reports a gas bomb has fallen on roof and exploded. Guard states an odor of geraniums present. Bomb did not penetrate roof. Guard complains of throat, nose, and eye irritation.
Location_______________
Tiqie Interval No. 33.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Dons gas mask. Sounds gas alarm. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report. z
(Your post initials location of incident ^_.) War gas.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Probably lewisite.
Report ends.” •
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden.' Directs Fire Guard to nearest • self-cleansing facilities. Warns any persons in buildings of department store roof height. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 105

Investigating a fire on top floor of a small residence, you find the Fire Guard who has been fighting the fire has been badly injured by explosion of anti-personnel element in bomb. Fire is spreading and out of control.
Location________________.
Time Interval No. 33.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post iriitials location of incident __.) Anti-personnel incendiary.
Fire, out of control.
None, trapped; 1 casualty.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Removes casualty to protected location, and renders most urgent first aid. Evacuates persons in adjacent buildings to protected locations. Mobilizes any available' assistance to fight spread of fire. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 106

You are in front part of a schoolhouse, in room being used as temporary shelter housing 20 evacuees. There is a heavy explosion in the rear play yard and you find a large crater. The rear foundations of the building are badly damaged. No casualties apparent.
Location________________.
Time Interval No. 33.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
.None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Damage to rear of _______________ school;
evacuating 20 people to---------------
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Evacuates persons to protected location. Meets services (if any sent) and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 107

You observe 2 men hurrying across the street to a shelter, hit by falling fragments of antiaircraft shells. Neither is seriously injured.
Location-------------
Time Interval No. 33.

The Warden's Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Watden. Directs casualties to first-aid post or Casualty Station.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
None at time of raid.
Post-raid report for record.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 108

You hear a loud clattering noise as a large metal object falls in street. Examination discloses a badly damaged, tubular shaped, empty container. Nd casualties.
Location ________________.
Time Interval No. 35.

The Warden's Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Arranges to have object kept undisturbed at place and in position' found, under guard of self, regular or Auxiliary Policeman, or other responsible person. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident Fallen object.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Tubular shaped empty container fell— evidently from enemy bomber.
Report ends.” ,
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 109

From your station in doorway near public square, you see a heavy explosion in center of square. Examination discloses a large crater in area between sidewalk and pavement. Water is gushing into crater from a broken main. Electric cables are broken as are overhead wires. No casualties apparent, but many win-, dows broken in buildings facing square, mostly business „ v
offices.
Location___________.' —.
Time Interval No. 35.

The Warden's Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident —.)
High explosive.
No fires.
None trapped; no casualties.
Wires down; water main broken; underground cable exposed.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Posts

warnings regarding broken wires and water . main. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 110
Passing a small 1-story bakery building in your Sector, ᵥ you note the front has been blown in and walls are badly shattered, threatening to fall into street. Roof is sagging. There is a large crater in front of store, in sidewalk. No casualties apparent.
Location__________________
Time-Interval No. 35.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Investigates to determine whether trapped persons or casualties are present. Ropes off sidewalk. Posts warnings regarding unsafe walls.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
No report during raid.
Post-raid report for records
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden/ None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None-

INCIDENT 111
Hearing a heavy explosion around the corner from where you are, you find that 1 house in a row of wooden residences has been demolished, and the house on either side severely damaged. Your records disclose 6 persons were in demolished house, 8 in the 2 damaged residences. None of the residents of the demolished house visible, 4 of the other 8 emerge from the wreckage.
Location-------------
Time Interval No. 36.
The Warden's Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
Some trapped; no casualtie?.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Ascertains number of persons trapped and locations. Renders most urgent first aid to accessible casualties. Endeavors to release any trapped easily reached. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 112 ,
An Auxiliary Policeman in your Sector runs up and tells you that a small apartment house on the corner has been struck by a high explosive- Your investigation discloses the side wall and several floors have been demolished. Your records indicate there were 16 persons at home during raid. None is now evident.
Location — — —•
Time Interval No. 36.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident______) High explosive.
No fire.
Some trapped; no casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Witlv cooperation of Auxiliary Policeman, endeavors to asdertain location of trapped, and releases any readily accessible. Renders most urgent first aid to any so released. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 113
Standing across the street, you see and hear a heavy explosion in a motion picture theater. There were no patrons in building at the time. Examination reveals that the roof is badly damaged, and side wall fronting on an important street is likely to collapse at any moment, thus blocking street.
Location _______________.
Time Interval No. 36.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message s,ent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
Nonetrapped; no casualties.
(Remarks)________Theater badly damaged; wall on __________________St. likely to collapse.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Posts warning signs regarding precarious wall. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None. ■

ₑ INCIDENT 114
Bellboy from__________Hotel Defense Group runs up to tell you that 25 persons are trapped in 1 shelter room of basement, when a high-explosive bomb penetrated wall and exploded in swimming pool room. Water is escaping from pool and will flood shelter room where trapped persons are located.
Location________________
Time Interval No. 37.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Verifies report. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.

No fire.
Many trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Shelter in_______Hotel being flooded from wrecked swimming poolfoccupants trapped.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Mobilizes all available assistance to attempt release of trapped persons or diversion of escaping water. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 115
En route to investigate a loud explosion, you see a shower of incendiaries fall in the street, ignite, and start burning. There are no casualties.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 37.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Takes protected shelter against possible anti-personnel elements in bombs, and warns any persons exposed to do likewise. Allows bombs to bum out.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
Post-raid report for record.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken byt Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 116
You see an incendiary bomb fall on a parked car. The car catches fire, threatening several other autos parked on either side in street. No casualties apparent.
Location___________________
Time Interval No. 37.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Messege gent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Incendiary.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Parked car on fire, endangering other cars nearby.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Mobilizes any assistance available to push other vehicles away from fire, warning assistants against possible explosion of gasoline tank in burning car. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 117
While patrolling your Sector, you find overpass at _____has been badly damaged by explosion, presumably a H. E. bomb. Pass is no longer usable. Road below is blocked by debris. No casualties apparent.
Location_________2_______
Time Interval No. 38.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in ’order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
Road blocks on_________St. overpass at_________; blocking both streets.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Posts warnings at both ends of wrecked overpass, and both sides of road block. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 118
You hear a nearby explosion, and see 2 wooden residences collapse. Your records show 8 persons were in the 2 houses, but investigation fails to reveal presence of any of these.
Location___________________
Time Interval No. 38.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
Some trapped; no casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Charts probable locations of trapped, and endeavors to release any easily accessible. Meets' services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 119
A man rushes up to tell you that the______.__Department Store has been struck and badly damaged by a large bomb. There were approximately 150 in, store at the time, where they had taken shelter. Investigation discloses building very severely hit, most of these people are now trapped. Some injured persons are in view. There is a bus overturned in the street at site of incident.
Location ______________:__
Time Interval No. 38.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident High explosive.
No fire.

Many trapped; many casualties.
(Remarks) Bus overturned in street.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Mobilizes all available assistance to release accessible trapped persons. Renders most urgent first aid to available casualties. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 120

You see an explosion in middle of____________Street. Your investigation discloses a crater about 12 feet wide in street. Water main is exposed and broken with water rapidly escaping. No casualties apparent.
Location_________________
Time Interval No. 38.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test? initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
Road blocked on __ between __ and
Water main broken.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Posts road block warnings.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 121

You see a shower of incendiary bombs fall on________ _ _ Public School. Roof and top floor of Structure catch fire and are blazing strongly within a few Seconds. No casualties apparent.
Location___________________
Time Interval No. 38.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Incendiary.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Directs evacuation of persons in any adjacent buildings that may be threatened to protected location. Investigates to be certain no one is in burning building. In cooperation with any. available¹ Fire Guards, mobilizes available fire-fighting equipment. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 122
You hear and see an explosion in street. Investigation shows a large area of spattered, heavy oil-like substance. Several buildings have also been spattered, and small flames are shooting out in a large number of spots. Three buildings have started to burn. No casualties apparent.
Location_________________
Time Interval No. 39.

INCIDENT 123
You are on patrol outside a sports field, when a shower of incendiaries land on the field, ignite, and start burning. No casualties apparent.
Location__________________
Time interval No. 39.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Allows bombs to burn out, protecting self against possible anti-personnel elements in bombs.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
Post-raid report for record.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by! Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 124
An Auxiliary Policeman runs up to inform you that the city Mental Hospital has been badly hit. Upon investigation, you find that the roof and one wall have been demolished by a high explosive bomb. 80 to 90 patients are trapped or are casualties. Some are trapped in shelter, others under wreckage. Main water line has. been broken, and is flooding.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 40.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.

(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire. i
Many trapped; many casualties.
Broken water main.
(Remarks) Casualties are mental patients; flooding endangers trapped persons.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. With assistance of Auxiliary Policeman, mobilizes any available assistance to remove casualties to protected location, and renders most urgent first aid. Charts location of trapped. Collects information for supplementary message. Meets₍ services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
Incident 125
You observe a small print shop and paper storage warehouse sustain several hits by incendiaries. The structure catches fire readily, and the flames are spreading to adjoining structures. No casualties apparent.
Location ___________
Time Interval No. 40.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident_______) Incendiaries.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Evacuates any persons in adjacent structures to protected location. In cooperation with any available Fire Guards, mobilizes and activates any fire-fighting facilities obtainable. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 126
From where you are standing in a protected doorway, you see a high explosive bomb hit an evacuated streetcar. The car is badly wrecked, with debris blocking road to traffic. No casualties-apparent.
Location______________
Time Interval No. 40.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
Road block on between __ and
(Remarks) Empty streetcar wrecked.
Report ends.”

3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Posts road block warnings. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 127
You see a small shower of incendiaries fall on roof of the_______Library. The roof catches fire, and it is obvious it will spread to rest of building unless checked rapidly. No casualties apparent.
Location ___________
Time Interval No. 40.
The Warden’s Solution,
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location-of incident .)
Incendiaries.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
Report ends.’’
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by : Warden. Mobilizes any available assistance, arid in cooperation with Fire Guards or others endeavors to fight fife with any facilities obtainable. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 128
You see a plane, obviously hit, circle slowly and land on _________ Highway, hitting a telegraph pole
and a parked car. Investigating, you find 3 wounded U. S. Air Corps soldiers who have crawled from plane, which is now on fire. Plane is badly smashed in landing.
Location________________.
Time Interval No. 40.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by:, Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Fallen U. S. plane.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; 3 casualties.
(Remarks) Plane badly smashed; parked car hit.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Removes casualties to protected location and renders most urgent first aid. Warns any others against approaching burning plane. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 129
(For Messenger.)
Messenger approaching Control Center sees 3 men hiding in shadows near entrance. Finds body of Post

Warden in doorway a few feet from entrance to Control Center. Warden is obviously badly injured, perhaps dead.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 40. .
The Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Messenger. Reports observation to Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Messenger.
“I am Messenger reporting for injured Warden. He is at door df Control Center. I saw 3 men hiding in a doorway.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Messenger. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Messenger. None.
INCIDENT 130
As you are approaching a police squad,car that has halted to make a report, you see a bomb hit on side of car releasing an oily liquid smelling of mustard or garlic. Both policemen in car are heavily splashed, as well as the police telephone box and the vehicle. Mild east wind.
Location________________.
Time Interval No. 40.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Dons gas mask. Sounds gas alarm. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post ; initials location of incident __.) War gas.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Probably mustard; mild east wind.
Police car No. and two policemen splashed. Police are cleansing selves of gas.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Assists police from car, if necessary, directing them to selfcleansing facilities in upwind direction. Posts gas warnings on car, telephone box, and where required in streets. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 131
You hear an explosion in or near the ________Home for aged. Investigation reveals that an isolated wing of the building has been struck, and damaged. No serious damage to main structure. No casualties.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 41.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Takes measures to reassure occupants of home. Investigates to determine roughly extent of damage.
2. Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report for record.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 132
The City Hall is in your Sector, and you see it struck by a H. E. bomb. One of the lower floors sustains considerable damage. You investigate, and find 3 city officials who were near the explosion are badly injured.
Location___________________
Time Interval No. 41.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden, Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident
High explosive. •'
No fire.
None trapped; 3 casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid to casualties. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 133
A railroad guard reports to you that he heard a concussion, and there is a large hole close to the bridge where a troop train is due to cross in 15 minutes. You investigate and find a smooth-sided hole about 18 inches in diameter. No blackened edges or evidences of blast. '
Location___________________
Time Interval No. 41.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden Checks to see that railroad guard has provided for warning troop train, then calls Control Center.
2 Message sent by: Warden.
Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.)
UJCB. t
Nj fire. •
None trapped; no casualties.
UXB located near bridge.
(Remarks) Troop train due shortly and other trains being flagged.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Checks to see that all approaching trains are being flagged. Directs dispersal of any persons within 50-yard radius of bomb to protected location. Posts warnings about bomb. Meets services, provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 134
You are passing__________Park, when you see a bright flare, and some bushes start burning. Park is heavily wooded *at ‘this point, and fire is spreading. No .casualties.
Location__________________.
Time Interval No. 41.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center. >
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. In cooperation with Fire Guard, if available, endeavors to control spread of fire with any available facilities. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None
INCIDENT 135
As you are watching for fall of bombs, you observe H. E. strike an office building and, penetrating the 4 top floors, explode on _____floor, blowing out side of building. Road block is formed by falling debris. Investigating, you find passage to roof blocked and dangerous condition left by partly demolished roof and walls. No casualties apparent.
Location__________________ '
Time Interval No, 42.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
, “Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident -_.) High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
Road block on __ between __ and
(Remarks) Standing walls in danger of falling.
Report ends.”
- 3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Posts road block warnings. Meets services and provides information. ₛ
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None
INCIDENT 136
You are standing in a ¿doorway, when a shower of incendiary bombs falls on the roofs of a row of single-story stores, and in the street. You quickly observe that 30 to 40 incendiaries are burning and starting fires in 8 or 9 stores. This is a congested neighborhood. No casualties apparent.
Location-----------------
Time Interval No. 42.
'•
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by; Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report. ,
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Incendiaries.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
Report ends.”

3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Directs evacuation of persons in adjacent buildings to protected location, exercising care that none pass in danger zone of possible anti-personnel elements of bombs burning in street. Cooperates with Fire Guards in fighting fires with any obtainable facilities. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 137 ‘ /
Auxiliary Policeman reports to you that the City Jail has sustained a hit by H. E. bomb. Jail cells are damaged, and police on duty are having difficulty restraining prisoners. Jail phone is not working. 6 prisoners are casualties, 2 are trapped, 18 others being held. Reinforcements needed immediately.
Location________________.
Time Interval No. 42.

The Warden's Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Verifies report. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire. • ₛ
Two trapped; six casualties.
(Remarks) Casualties are prisoners; 18 other prisoners making trouble.
Report ends.’’ '
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Returns to jail with Auxiliary Policeman to render most .urgent first aid to casualties. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None, x
INCIDENT 138
You hear a heavy explosion about 1 block away and upon investigation find a large crater in the center of a vacant lot. No casualties apparent.
Location_____________
Time Interval No. 42.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. No action at this time.
2. Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report for record.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 139
Ambulance driver reports to you, as you are passing hospital, that he heard a heavy concussion in entrance to hospiital, and there is now a hole in driveway. Upon investigation you find a smooth-sided hole about 15 inches in diameter. No blackened edges. No apparent blast effects.
Location________________.
Time Interval No. 42.

The 'Warden's Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Advises Chief of Hospital of UXB. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident.._.) UXB.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
UXB in driveway of________hospital.
Report ends.” ' •
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Places own services at disposal of hospital' chief after posting UXB warnings and dispersing persons other than hospital personnel and patients within 50-yard radius. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 140
You are standing in protected doorway when there is a heavy blast around corner. Investigation discloses severe blast effects to nearby houses, but none dangerously damaged. 3 civilians on way to shelter in middle of block are lying in street, injured by fragmentation of bomb. Road is only lightly damaged.
Location_____________
Time Interval No. 43.
The Warden's Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped; 3. casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid to casualties. Investigates damage^ houses for any additional casualties. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 141
You hear a heavy explosion and, from a distance, see that the________River bridge has been hit. Investigation discloses that the center span has been demolished. 2 soldiers were guarding bridge entrance at your end. One has been injured by shell fragments. Bridge is impassable.
Location__________;_____.
Time Interval No. 44.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by:. Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident________) High explosive.
No fire.

None trapped; 1 casualty.
Road block on____________bridge.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Requests uninjured soldier to guard one entrance to bridge. Posts warning sign at other entrance until another guard can be stationed there. Renders most urgent first aid to casualty. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 142
There is a paint factory and warehouse in your Sector. Passing it you discover that the top floor is on fire in several places, with flames spreading rapidly. You also see the watchman on duty trying to fight fire with aid of small hose. No casualties are apparent.
Location________________.
Time Interval No. 44.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden. .
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Incendiaries.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Fire is in paint factory.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Informs Fire Guards, if they have not already been advised, about fire. Assists watchman fighting fire. Evacuates occupants of adjacent buildings threatened by fire spread to protected location. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 143
(Report by Ambulance Driver.)
You are driving lan ambulance with 3 casualties, and suddenly an Army truck turns corner smashing into your vehicle. Your ambulance is badly damaged, with the 3 casualties sustaining additional injuries. The driver of the Army truck is injured. Neither vehicle can proceed. There is no Warden in sight.
Location___________________
Time Interval No. 44.
The Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Ambulance Driver. Calls Control Center.*
2. Message sent by: Ambulance Driver.
“This is Ambulance Driver_______ Military truck collided with my ambulance. 3 people in ambulance now badly hurt. Truck driver hurt. On __ between __ and ...
Report ends.”
’Might have to call his own dépôt instead of Control Center; might also have to find a Warden’s Sector Post to get a call through.

3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Ambulance Driver. Renders most urgent first aid and removes casualties to protected location. Mobilizes assistance to clear street of wreckage so service vehicles can pass. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Ambulance Driver. ' None.
INCIDENT 144
You notice a blackout violation in vicinity of your Sector, which appears to be signaling by flashlight. You cannot see the exact source. An Auxiliary Policeman investigating.
Location_________________
Time Interval No. 45.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), * listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by : Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident_______) No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Someone signaling with flashlight; Auxiliary Policeman investigating.
Report ends.”
'3. Subsequent action(s) taken by : Warden. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 145
Passing a church in your Sector, you notice, a peculiar odor near steps. Upon approaching closer the odor of hay becomes acrid. Then your eyes start to water and you experience a choking sensation. There are no persons on street in this area. Mild south wind blowing.
Location_______________♦
Time Interval No. 45.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Dons gas mask. Sounds gas alarm. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials.. ; location of incident___) War gas.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Probably phosgene; south wind.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Posts immediate area of contamination with gas warnings. Warns persons in downwind area. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: .Warden. None.

INCIDENT 146
You are passing a small isolated ice house in your Sector, when you hear several dull thuds and see a shower of incendiary bombs hit on the roof and in the

street. . All ignite and start burning. No casualties apparent.
’ Location_______________.
Time Interval No. 45.
' The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Warns any persons approaching to take cover'against possible anti-personnel elements in bomb. . Does same. Allows bombs to burn out.
2. Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report for record.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 147
A Fire Guard reports fall of a bomb which hits and pierces roof of a small evacuated dwelling. You # investigate, and fincThouse full of strong odor of garlic.
Location __________________
Time Interval No. 45.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Dons gas mask. Sounds gas alarm. Calls Control Center.
' 2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report. «
(Your post________; initials location of incident __.)
War gas. \
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Probably mustard.
Report ends.” z
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Warns persons in downwind area. Posts warning signs around immediate area of contamination. Meets services and provides information.
4. ^Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 148
As you are passing the Telephone Building you note suspicious shadows in alley. Your observation convinces you there are several suspicious loiterers. You are 'alone and unarmed.
Location ___________________
Time Interval No. 45.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Enters building and advises telephone company officials. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent t>y: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post ; initials ; location of incident No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Several suspicious loiterers in alleyway of Telephone Building.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 149
You see an Auxiliary Policeman coming along the street leading a small child by the hand.
Location________________
Time Interval No. 46.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Makes a record of the matter and directs policeman to take child to nearest Emergency Information and Service Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report for record.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 150
There is a heavy explosion a block away from you, and you discover that the main Fire Department dispatching station has been hit by a high explosive bomb. The structure is very badly damaged, and no signs of life are apparent, although you know that there were 5 or 6 firemen in structure at the time.
Location____________•____
Time Interval No. 46.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
Five trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Fire dispatching station badly damaged; personnel trapped.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Mobilizes any available assistance to release any readily accessible casualties. Charts location of trapped. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 151
You are crossing . _ _ _ _. Street when a heavy object falls in the road and explodes, spattering you with a dark, oily liquid smelling of geraniums. Street is splashed for a considerable area, but no casualties are apparent«»
Location _______________
Time Interval No. 46.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed ,in order, taken by: Warden. Sounds gas alarm; hastens to cleanse himself; instructs first person available to call phone No. (Control Center) and report war gas on __ St. between __ and then to call phone No. __ (his Sector Post) and report same thing, then ask that new Warden take his place.
2. Message sent by:'Person instructed.

"I am __ reporting for Warden He was splashed with gas in _ _ Street between _ _ and
(Repeats message to Sector Post.)
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: New Wàrden. Warns persons in downwind areas. Posts warning signs around immediate area of contamination. Meets services and provides, information. First Warden returns to duty after cleansing self,
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 152
You see a fire in the next block, and find the top floor, of the_____Children’s Hospital has been struck. Fire has gained headway, and threatens entire struc-* ture. Hospital s patients are being evacuated by> staff. Approximately 200 were patients. No casualties from fire.
Location_________________
Time Interval No. 47.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initial __ ; location of incident.) Incendiary.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Children’s hospital on fire; being evacuated.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Consults with head of hospital on details of supplementary message. Assists staff as required. Summons Fire Guards, if available, or activates assistance and equipment to fight fires and prevent spread. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 153
There is a small garage in your Sector that is used to store cars. You see it struck by* a high explosive bomb. Thè entire structure is badly damaged, with roof and side walls almost completely demolished. No casualties apparent.
Location_________________
Time Interval No. 47.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Notes time and place of incident. Investigates to determine if condition of structure appears to warrant report as menace to traffic. Checks for casualties.
2. Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report for record.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 154
You observe a small shower of incendiaries fall on the______Ho'tel. Fire starts on the roof and several

blazes are evident through windows of top floor. You investigate, and find hotel staff is fighting fires with hose available in building. Fires appear to be under control. No casualties apparent.
Location j _____________
Time Interval No. 43.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Actidn(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Assists .fire fighting if required. Stands by to note progress of fire, ready to evacuate hotel if necessary.
2. Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report for record.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 155
You observe an explosion in the upper floors of a small apartment house and find that some 20 persons who had taken shelter -there are casualties as a result of a hit by a high explosive bomb which penetrated roof. One wall has been blown out, and floor is in dangerous condition. Half of casualties are seriously injured.
Location__________________ . z
Time Interval No. 48.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive bomb.
No fire.
None trapped; 15 or 20 casualties.
Report ends.” >
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Mobilizes any assistance available to help remove casualties to safe location. Renders most urgent first aid to injured. Directs evacuation of any remaining in structure to protected location. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 156
While Control Center is in full operation, there is a heavy concussion, and a large object that has pierced the roof also penetrates the' floor. The Fire Chief is struck by a piece of flying debris, and knocked unconscious. No explosion follows. Investigation reveals part of a tail⁻ fin knocked off by floor beam.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 48.
The Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken' by: Commander. Directs immediate evacuation of Control Center and activation of alternate station. Directs Communications Officer on duty to notify all services of changed location. Directs removal of casualty to safe shelter.
2. Message sent by: Commander. No report.

. 3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Commander. Directs activation of alternate Control Center. Has injured Fire Chief attended by Medical Officer. Directs guards be stationed to intercept Messengers sent to old Control Center. Directs Bomb Reconnaissance Agent to investigate, order necessary evacuation and report on UXB. Checks to ascertain if all services have been notified of change of location.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Commander.None.

INCIDENT 157

You observe several incendiaries fall on the bus station where 4 or 5 vehicles are parked. The station is op fire as are 2 of the buses parked in’ the leading area. 2 Fire Guards arrive on scene with stirrup pump and buckets of water. No casualties apparent.
Location_________________
Time Interval No. 49.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident_____) Incendiaries.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties. '
(Remarks) Station and 2 buses on fire.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Mobilizes any additional assistance available to assist Fire Guards, and warns of danger from possible gasoline explosion. If feasible, removes vehicles not yet on fire. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 158

You observe a large fire on outskirts of town, at end of your patrol area. Investigation discloses small roadside restaurant is on fire, with flames threatening entire structure, which is isolated from all other buildings in area. All occupants of building have escaped without casualties. There are no facilities available for fighting the fire in this structure, which is of wooden construction and apparently very inflammable.
Location________________
Time Interval No. 49.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Notes the incident.
2. Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report for record.
3, Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 159

You hear a loud explosion in small city park, and find that the fountain has* been hit by high explosive

bomb. Blocks of stone or concrete have been hurled to roadway, causing partial block to vehicles. Moderate-sized stream of water is escaping from broken pipe. • No casualties apparent.
Location __________________
Time Interval No. 49.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report. ,
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
Road block on __ between __ and
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s). taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 160

You see an auxiliary pumper on way to fire hit an evacuated streetcar. Pumper is wrecked, 2 firemen are injured, and street is blocked by debris..
Location____________________
Time Interval No. 49.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order,’ taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) No fire.
None trapped; 2 casualties.
Road blocked on __ between __ and
(Remarks) Auxiliary pumper No. __ wrecked.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid to casualties, and removes to protected location. Posts road block warnings. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 161

While patrolling your Sector you see an unoccupied house in a row of such dwellings struck by several incendiaries. Fire Guard on cfuty nearby advises closest fire-fighting facilities about half block away. Fire is gaining headway.' No casualties apparent.
Location _______________.
Time Interval No. 50.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.

(Your post initials location of incident_______) Incendiaries.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Directs evacuation of persons in adjacent dwellings to protected location. Assists Fire Guard. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 162

A small yacht club on shores of___________ River has a very large number of small craft in storage sheds. As you are passing, you observe that 2 of these sheds are on fire, arid that flames threaten to spread to the other buildings. Investigation discloses nd watchman around premises. No casualties apparent.
Location ________________.
Time Interval No. 50.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Incendiaries. .
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Warns any persons in adjacent buildings. Notifies Fire Guards if available. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.*

INCIDENT 163

You see a small animal clinic hit by high explosive, which partially wrecks building. Many small animals were in building, and a few have escaped injury and run away. You know at least 2 persons were in building before explosion, but they are not in evidence upon investigation.
Location_______¿J_______
Time Interval No. 50.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken ■ by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden. ■
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident_______) High explosive.
No fire.
Two trapped; no casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Mobilizes any assistance available to release those trapped if readily accessible. Warns assistants to be cautious of animals that may also be trapped. Meets services and provides iriformation.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Wardeh. None.

INCIDENT 164

You hear a slight explosion as you are passing a small candy store (factory), and the concussion blows out the glass in door and windows. Entering, you smell a pronounced odor of garlic and note a pool of dark, oily liquid on floor with splashes on walls. There is a hole about 18 inches in diameter in ceiling. No persons are in building.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 50.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Dons gas mask. Sounds gas alarm. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test;* initial report.
(Your post _ _; initials _ _; location of incident _ _.) War gas.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Probably mustard.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Warns any persons in downwind area. Posts doors of premises with gas warning signs. Meets »services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
\
INCIDENT 165

You are across the street when a bomb falls on the sidewalk on the far side of a passing ambulance. After the explosion, you are uninjured, but find that the ambulance is overturned, the driver apparently dead, and 4 casualties in vehicle are severely injured or dead. Road is partially blocked with* crater and wrecked ambulance.
Location_________________.
Time Interval No. 50.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials ; location of incident______) High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped; 5 casualties.
Road blocked on __ between __ and __i
(Remarks) Ambulance No. _ _ completely wrecked,, driver badly injured or dead.
Report ends.” .
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid to casualties and removes them to protected location, if advisable. Posts road block warnings. Covers body of dead driver. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 166

As you pass schoolyard on your patrol you observe school bus op fire. Driver of bus is attempting to fight fire with extinguisher, but flames are apparently beyond his control. There does not appear to be additional fire-fighting facilities * available. No casualties are apparent. Bus is isolated from buildings;
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 51.
The Warden's Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.⁻
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident Incendiary.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped, no casualties.
(Remarks) Isolated school bus burning.
Report ends.’"
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Assists driver, and warns against possible explosion of gasoline in tank.
, 4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None;
INCIDENT 167
While checking warning signs at entrance to wrecked bridge, you see several heavy objects land in river followed by heavy explosions which, capsize several small craft moored to your side of river. No casualties apparent.
Location_________________.
Time Interval No. 51.
The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. No action. ,
2. Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report for record.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 168
As you are checking arrivals in a Casualty Station in your Sector, a small shower of incendiaries, falls in the street outside the entrance. Most of them ignite and start to burn. No casualties from fall of these bombs.
Location ________________
Time Interval No. 51.
The Warden’s Solution ,
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Warns all persons to take cover from'possible antipersonnel elements in bombs. Assists to blockade doors and windows against fragmentation.
2. Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report for records.
,3 . Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Allows bombs to bum out in street, remaining in protected location meanwhile.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 169

You hear the sound of shots coming from house in your patrol. area. While running toward house, you see a man with a gun in his hand emerge and, as he sees you approaching, he fires in your direction, but misses you. He then disappears up street. Entering house you find seriously wounded woman and 2 children. Woman tells you it was,husband who shot her and children.
Location_________________’
Time Interval No. 51;

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) No fire.
None trapped; 3 casualties.
(Remarks) Husband has shot wife and 2 children; last seen going ________
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 170

(Auxiliary Policeman’s Incident.)
Auxiliary Policeman passing below street level entrance to apartment house finds injured Warden at foot of steps. Warden is unconscious. Apparently badly injured by fall.
Location___________________
Time Interval No. 52.
The Solution ■
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Auxiliary Policeman,. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Auxiliary Policeman.
“I am Auxiliary Policeman Have found Warden __ unconscious at
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Auxiliary Policeman. Renders most urgent first aid. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 171

As you are walking in the.middle of the block, there is a terrific concussion on the corner, in front of an apartment house. You are temporarily stunned. Upon recovering consciousness, you investigate and find that the 2 lower floors of the apartment house have been demolished, trapping about 40 persons in upper floors, who indicate that about 20 others are probably trapped in basement shelter.
Location______________
Time Interval No. 52.

The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post___; initials_; location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
50 to 60 trapped; no casualties.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Mobilizes any available assistance and facilities to assist trapped persons from upper floors. Charts locations of trapped persons. Renders first aid to any injured persons released. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 172
As you are evacuating approcimately 40 people to an Emergency Information and Service Center, an enemy plane flies low and machine guns the crowd. A passing ambulance carrying 4 casualties is also hit and set afire. About one-half of your evacuees have been injured by the machine gun fire.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 53.
ₜ The Warden’s Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test, initial report.
(Your post initials____; location of incident_.) Fire under control.
None trapped; many casualties.
(Remarks) Enemy plane machihe gunned crowd of 40 ;• ambulance set afire*
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. With cooperation of Fire Guards, if available, and ambulance driver, removes casualties from vehicle and helps put out fire. Renders most urgent first aid to casualties and removes to protected location. Directs uninjured to protected location. Meets services and provides information. ■
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 173
While you are near the __________ Factory, a small
shower of incendiaries drops in street adjacent to it. This is the second time incendiaries have been dropped near this plant. The first shower, landing in parking field, was handled by Riant Protection Group. 2 Fire Guards are nearby.
Location________,J_____
Time Interval No. 53. /

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.

2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test, initial report.
(Your post initials_____; location of incident __.) Incendiaries.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) This is the second shower of incendiaries at this point. Attacks are getting closer.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by : Warden. Assists . Fire Guards to extinguish bombs as fast as facilities available permit, to prevent enemy from spotting target for return bombing. . Warns against possible anti-personnel elements in bombs and fights fire from best protection obtainable.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 174

As you are standing in doorway, you see a plane fall, out of control. There is a terrific explosion. This happens about 2 blocks away. Investigation discloses that plane must have landed in back yard of several houses. 8 dwellings are almost demolished, several others badly damaged. You estimate from your records that apprqximately 55 persons were in the destroyed and damaged houses at the time.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 53.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. 'Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident_______.) Fallen aircrafts
No fire.
Many trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Plane exploded, knocked down . -8 dwellings housing 50 people.
Report ends.” \
,3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Mobilizes any available assistance to release any readily accessible trapped persons, and render most urgent first aid. Charts location of trapped. Evacuates any persons from buildings in dangerous condition to protected location. Meets services and provides information. ₛ
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden, None.

INCIDENT 175

You see and hear a heavy explosion at the crossing of______Street and i--------Avenue. You find that it has left a crater about 20 feet in diameter and 6 to 8 feet deep. Buildings on 4 corners are damaged, water main is broken, and the odor of illuminating gas present! No casualties apparent.
Location____________<____
Time Interval No. 54.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials_____; location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
Road block on _______at________
Gas escaping; water main broken.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Checks buildings to ensure no hidden casualties. Posts roadblock warnings. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 176

Investigating a fire, you find that a shower of incendiaries has dropped into a small grove of trees, isolated from any buildings. Some trees are on fire and 1 has burned through at the base and fallen across the roadway forming a traffic block.
Location___________________
Time Interval No. 54.

The Warden’s Solution

1* . Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) Incendiaries. . '
Fire, under control.
• None trapped; no casualties.
Road block on __ between __ and_________s
Report ends.”
•3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. If any assistance or facilities obtainable, attempts to remove road block. Otherwise posts road block warnings. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Wardeh. None.

INCIDENT 177

While you are running to- investigate an explosion in the street, you see a pumper round the corner and plunge into unposted crater. Pumper is wrecked, and you find 4 firemen seriously injured;
Location_______________
Time Interval No. 54.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid-test; initial report.
(Your post initials_____; location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.

None trapped; 4 casualties.
Road block on __ bfetween___and*____ (Remarks) Fire engine No.____________wrecked.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid to casualties, ^nd removes them to protected location. Posts road block warning. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 178

You see a man parachute to the ground, disengage his harness and run into wooded section. You are unarmed and there are no other members of services nearby.
Location_______>_________.
Time Interval No. 54.

The Warden's Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Calls Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post _ _; initials _ _; location of incident_.) Parachutist.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Parachutist has landed and disappeared into woods near_________; no assistance available.
Report ends.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Cautiously attempts to ascertain location of man. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 179

You hear a series of heavy explosions, and upon investigation find the main telephone building has been hit and almost completely destroyed. Only 2 walls are left standing. You know that approximately 200 girls and men are on duty in the building. Debris from bombed building has blocked the road. Bits of human bodies are visible.
. Location___________•
Time Interval No. 55.

The Warden's Solution

. 1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Sends Messenger to Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post___; initials location of incident_______.) High explosive.
No fire.
200 or more trapped; many casualties.
(Remarks) Main telephone building completely demolished.”-
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Posts road block warnings. Charts locations of trapped persons. Mobilizes any available assistance to release

trapped readily accessible. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 180

(No telephones.)
You observe a shower of incendiaries fall on a laundry plant. The bombs strike in a dozen or more places, ignite, and start a number* of fires. The plant watchman has a small hose, but cannot cope with all fires. No casualties apparent.
Location _____________
Time Interval No. 55.

The garden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Sends Messenger to Control Center. •
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident______.) Incendiaries.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Assists plant watchman fight fires, warning against possible anti-personnel elements in bombs. Summons Fire Guards, if available, or activates and mobilizes assistance and equipment to fight fire and prevent spread. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 181

(No telephones.)
You hear a loud detonation in direction of Farmer’s Market. Investigation reveals that a section of covered stalls has been hit by H. E. There were about 12 or 15 men in the market at the time the bomb hit. You now see 5 pr 6 digging in debris. They tell you about 10 who have been trapped in wreckage.
Location ________________.
Time Interval No. 56.

The Warden's Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Sends Messenger to Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
10 trapped; no casualties.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden., Supervises work of releasing easily reached trapped persons. Renders most urgent first aid.to those released. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 182
(No telephones.)
You hear a heavy explosion, and see part of the front wall of the _____office building collapse in the street,

forming a road block. Immediately thereafter, you hear several smaller explosions in the building and see several fires start in wreckage. Shelter room in basement of building which was housing about 50 persons, is now blocked. There is 1 casualty lying in front entrance of building.
Location_________________.
Time Interval No. 56.
The Warden's Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Sends Messenger to Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
Fire, out of control.
50 trapped; 1 casualty.”
Road block on __ between __ and_________;
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid to casualty. Mobilizes any available assistance, and attempts to open way to shelter room. Summons Fire Guards, if available, or activates assistance and equipment to fight fire. Posts road block warnings. Meets services and provides information. , '
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 183
(No telephones.).
You see an automobile speeding without lights. After it passes you, it hits a pile of debris in street and crashes, out of control, into store front. Investigation discloses 4 men in car, all heavily armed. They are all unconscious and severely injured in the accident.
Location__________________
Time Interval No. 56.
The Warden's Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Disarms the men. Sends Messenger to Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report. ,
(Your post initials location of incident_______.) No fire.
Non$ trapped; 4 casualties.
(Remarks) Casualties heavily armed civilians in wrecked auto.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Renders most urgent first aid to casualties, removing them from wreckage if necessary. Posts road block warnings. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 184
(No telephones.) . ₖ
You see and hear an explosion at intersection of ______and __________ Streets, just as an Army tank is passing by. Tank is damaged by explosion. As you start to investigate an officer emerges from tank and tells you that 2 soldiers inside have been injured. He requests you to send for medical aid and report tank

damaged to__________Army Post. Road is blocked by 15-foot crater.
Location___________________
Time Interval No. 56.
*

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Sends Messenger to Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
♦ (Your post initials location of incident __.) High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped; 2 casualties.
Road block on __ at
(Remarks) Army tank disabled by explosion; 2 soldiers injured; tank officer requests you report occurrence to _________Army Post.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Assists officer as requested to render most urgent first aid to casualties. Posts road block warnings. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None;

INCIDENT 185 •

(No telephones.)
You see a small shower of incendiaries fall on a row of 2-family dwellings. These are wooden structures and immediately start burning. You note there are a dozen or more separate fires started and are spreading rapidly. No casualties apparent.
Location___________________
Time Interval No. 57.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Sends Messenger to Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden. ' .
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident_______.) Incendiaries.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) A dozen separate fires all out of control.”
3. Subsequent action(s) ‘ taken by: Warden. In cooperation with available Fire Guards mobilizes any assistance and facilities obtainable to fight fire and prevent spread. Directs evacuation of residents in threatened structures. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 186

(No telephones.)
An Auxiliary Policeman reports to you that there .is a large hole in the street intersection at__and_________ You check and find a smooth-sided hole about 20 inches in diameter. The edges of the hole are not blackened, nor is there any evidence of splintering, although the

sidewalks are cracked. This is a very heavily traveled location in the heart of town. No casualties apparent.
Location___________________
Time Interval No. 57.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Directs Auxiliary Policeman to start dispersal of all persons within radius of 50 yards from site. Sends Messenger to Control Center.
2. Message sent by : Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident_______.) UXB.
No fire. . , *
None trapped; no casualties.
UXB in street on __ at
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Assists Auxiliary Policeman in dispersal. Posts UXB warnings in area. Collects details for supplementary message. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 187

(No telephones.)
While patrolling, you find that there has been an explosion on the sidewalk that has toppled a large electric power pole into street, forming a road block. Electric wires are broken. Store fronts in both directions have been blown in, exposing merchandise. No casualties apparent.
Location _________________.
Time Interval No. 57.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Sends Messenger to Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Wardep.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials _ᵣ; location of incident___) High explosive. •
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
Road block on _ _ between _ _ and _ _.
Wires down.
(Remarks) Store fronts blown in exposing merchandise.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Posts road block warnings. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 188

(No telephones.)
While patrolling your area, you observe an unexploded incendiary bomb caught in the folds of an awning over a store front. Thé bomb is hanging suspended by the tail fin.
’ Location _____.____
Time Interval No. 57.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in, order, taken by: Warden. Sends Messenger to Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report. •
(Your post initials_____; location of incident -_.) UXB.
No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Incendiary bomb caught in awning.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Remains in vicinity in protected location. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 189

(No telephones.)
There is a large furniture van parked at the curb. Suddenly, as you are passing, the van breaks into flames, and you hear a smothered explosion inside the body, which is filled with prated furniture. Several fragments are blown through the side of the vehicle, but miss you. The van is now beyond saving.
Location______________rZ
Time Interval No. 58.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Mobilizes any available assistance to bring fire under control. . ,
2. Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report for record. , .
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 190

(No telephones.)
There is a small Army truck parked in your Sector. As you reach this part of your patrol, several soldiers call to you for assistance in fighting a fire* started by incendiary bomb. Fire is rapidly spreading among trucks, and threatens to reach large stores of gasoline. No casualties apparent.
Location___________________
Time Interval No. 58.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Sends Messenger to Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post___; initials location of incident-.,) Incendiary.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.”
(Remarks) Fire is in small Army truck, spreading to other trucks; endangering gasoline store.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Mobilizes any available assistance to help soldiers fight fire. Warns any occupants of adjacent buildings that

may catch fire. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 191

(No telephones.)
You are about 1 block away when you hear a loud explosion in front of the__Bank. Investigating, you find a large crater in the sidewalk, and the front of building demolished. No one else is in sight. No casualties apparent.
Location_________________
Time Interval No. 58.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Stands guard at bank until a member of Civilian Defense may pass, requesting that Messenger be sent to Control Center with report.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid £est; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident______.) High explosive.
No fire.,
None trapped; no casualties.
(Remarks) Front of __ Bank demolished; police guard needed to prevent possible looting.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Continues to stand guard until relieved.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 192

(No telephones.)
You see a heavy, object fall in the middle of the Street, and explode, scattering a dark, viscous, jelly-like substance”in a wide area. While ydu are investigating to determine nature of material, you note that dozens of small flames have started and in turn set fire to the dark substance. All of this materia] fell into street.
Location________________g
• Time Interval No. 58.

The Warden’s Solution.

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Allows fires to burn out, maintaining vigilance to prevent fires from spreading to adjacent houses,’ etc.
2. Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report for recor'd. .
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 193

(No telephones.)
From a distance, you see an explosion near the_____ Street Pumping Station. On investigation, you find that the structure is practically demolished, all ma

chinery is wrecked, and the man on duty is apparently dead.
Location _______________.
Time Interval No. 58.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Sends Messenger to Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident______.) High explosive.
No fire.
None trapped; 1 casualty.
(Remarks) __ Street Pumping Station totally wrecked.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Covers body. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 194

(No telephones.)
Upon turning corner while patrolling, you see 2 small children and a dog walking in the street. The smaller of the 2 children has a slight cut on the forehead. Both are crying.
Location________________;
Time Interval No. 59.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Takes children and dog to nearest shelter. Questions children regarding name, address, etc. Notifies parents if possible.
2. Message sent by: Warden, i Post-raid report for record.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. If possible returns them to home. If unable to return them to home, takes them to nearest Information and Service Center.
4. Subsequent message sent; by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 195

(No telephones.)
(Auxiliary Policeman’s Incident.)
Auxiliary Policeman on patrol finds Warden intoxicated. »
Location _________________
Time Interval No. 59.

The Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Auxiliary Policeman. Reports to Sector Post.
2. Message sent by: Auxiliary Policeman. Postraid report for record.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by : Auxiliary Policeman. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Auxiliary Policeman. None.

INCIDENT 196

(No telephones.)
While standing in doorway of the_____________Super Market, you hear a number of objects hit the road. Through the window you can see that a number of incendiary bpmbs have landed in the store, ignited and started fires. No casualties apparent.
Location _______________.
Time Interval No. 59.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Sends messenger to Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post ; initials ; location of incident_.) Incendiaries.
Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Summons nearest Fire Guard and assists in fighting fires with available facilities. ' Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 197

(No telephones.)
Hearing the sound of breaking glas£, you investigate and find a large greenhouse has apparently been struck by a number of objects. There is no evidence of incendiary bombs or UXBs in or near structure. No casualties.
Location_____________
Time Interval No. 59.

The Warden’s Solution

1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. No action during raid.
2. Message sent by: Warden. Post-raid report for record.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. None.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 198

(No telephones.)
You hear a heavy explosion near the__________High School. Investigating, you find a large crater ¡in front yard of school. - Heavy splintering on front of building and many broken windows indicate large bomb hit. A water main has been exposed and broken, now flooding street, having filled crater. No casualties apparent. ,
' Location________________
Time Interval No. 60.

The Warden’s Solution

No fire.
None trapped; no casualties.
Water main broken.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.
INCIDENT 199
(No telephones.)
Messenger, returning from Control Center, reports a fire raging in a large service station around the comer. Investigating, you find-the fire is out of control, and will probably spread to gasoline tanks. There are residences fairly near on either side of station..
Location_________________.
Time Interval No. 60.
The Warden's Solution
1. Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Sends the Messenger to Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident________.) Fire, out of control.
None trapped; no casualties.”
(Remarks) Fire threatening stored gasoline.
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Directs evacuation of persons in adjacent buildings; Warns any members of service nearby of danger from gasoline. Summons Fire Guards if available, or activates assist

ance and equipment to fight fire and prevent spread. Meets services and provides information.
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

INCIDENT 200
, (No telephones.)
You hear a heavy explosion around the comer from where you are standing. Investigation discloses that a small church has been hit, and almost completely demolished. You know there were 4 or 5 persons in this structure, and after checking determine that none of them got away from the building before explosion.
Location _________________
Time Interval No. 60

The Warden's Solution
1, Action(s), listed in order, taken by: Warden. Sends Messenger to Control Center.
2. Message sent by: Warden.
“Air raid test; initial report.
(Your post initials location of incident_______.) High explosive.
No fire.
Some trapped; no casualties.”
3. Subsequent action(s) taken by: Warden. Mobilizes any available assistance to release most accessibly trapped persons. Charts locations of others. Renders most urgent first aid to those injured. Meets services and provides information. \
4. Subsequent message sent by: Warden. None.

CHAPTER VII. INCIDENTS CLASSIFIED BY SERVICE NEEDED AND BY PHYSICAL SITUATION

In the table beginning on page 66 and extending to page 73 there are 216 incidents arranged so that all incidents in any one column calf primarily for one particular service and all incidents falling in one line are logically related to the situation described on that line in the left hand column. The range of situations is very wide, embracing all economic levels of residence distribution, a variety of “downtown” areas, and a variety of wholesale, factory, transportation, and vital installation situations.
This table is submitted as a possible convenience and time saver. When it is planned to give an assumed air attack some specific tactical pattern—for instance, to let it sweep across the southwest part of the city laying down a ribbon of destruction three-eighths of a mile wide—the staff may select incidents for each section of said ribbon according to the situation classification of the incidents in the table. Location and time may be penciled in on each of the selected incidents and they

are then ready to hand to a stenographer to be typed. The convenience of the columnar arrangement under the headings of the services is that it facilitates the selection of a series of incidents so as to throw a proportionate or predetermined load on each service.
It is not proper to assume, however, that a perfect job has been done of developing incidents, each of which can involve one and only one service. In a normal situation the dispatch of the one service under which the incident is listed would be a satisfactory “solution” of any of these incidents. However, in some cases a second service could properly be sent.
The use of this table can be expanded by slight logical transposition of situations. For instance if more Residence III incidents are needed it will be found that borrowings from Residence II and Residence IV lines will suffice with slight adaptation or in some cases without adaptation.

TABLE C.—A List of 216 Incidents Classified by Services

TYPE OF SITUATION FIRE POLICE MEDICAL , PUBLIC WORKS
1. Residence area (I).--- 1-A, Turning up.. Street 1-B. At height of raid, 1-C. Tracing source of 1-D. Shortly after roar of
New; $25,000 to $50,000 while on patrol you see sev- caretaker of No. „ St. heavy explosion you have planes overhead is heard
houses; two story; framed eral objects hit roof of blurts out story that armed just heard, you reach the heavy detonation sounds
construction, brick or No. „ St. and observe men are burglarizing his Widow __’s house on .. nearby. 2 fine residences
stone veneer; about 8 to attached garage burning employer’s home. Says Street just as side wall at .. St. seriously dam-
city block. briskly. Arriving quickly they tied him in closet, ex- buckles outward and falls aged. No casualties but
you observe no Fire Guards pecting to walk out unob- into street. Badly injured street is made impassable by
present. A strong wind served when things quieted woman picks herself up, large quantity of debris.
blowing. down. staggers toward you and
collapses.
2. Residence area (II).--- 2-A. Sheltered in door- 2-B. You encounter 7 2-C. A chorus of screams t-D. Nearing__Bridge,
Medium sized frame or way watching incendiaries troublesome men at comer hits your ears while passing section of new defense homes,
veneer houses of bungalow burning in __ St. you hear of and__Streets, defying through narrow alley at you observe 2 freshly made
type; $6,000 to $19,000 class; many dull thuds. Almost policeman’s commands; res- Street. Checking origin 6f 4-foot craters in middle of ---
about 16 to city block. immediately flames flare at idents of bumed-out dwell- cries, you find an appar- St. Blackened earth and
windows of No. - .opposite, ings nearby; ringleader ently dead man in No. --- odor eliminate UXB possi-
home of invalid woman shouting: “They could Have and grief sticken family ex- ’ bility. Bridge undamaged
recently moved to Neighbor- saved my house if * * * ” tinguishing small fire; in- but approach blocked.
hood. cendiary bomb exploded.
3. Residence area (III).--- 3---A. Householders fight- 3---B. Chaplain answering 3--- C. You sight man care- S---D. Mobile Fire Guards
Frame houses, separated ing flames in one unit of call states he just saw large lessly exposing himself to repo't to you that fire in
but very close together; 4 closely packed defense homes fire ladder fall from passing antiaircraft shell fire as he medium sized dwelling at
to 5 room; $3,000 to $6,000; seem to have upper hand truck in front of No. „, „ stands in doorway at No.* No... Street can be con-
about 24 to block; a new when suddenly you see out- Street. This route heavily ..Street. Hastening to warn trolled. Peering toward spot
or fairly new part of town; side attached fuel tank ex- traveled by emergency serv- him to reach shelter. you you notice toppling chimney
defense housing projects plode; fire is spreading on „ ices. hear weak call, “I’m hurt---- and loose cornice which may
included here. Street.. between .. and ...• bad!” He falls in a heap. endanger workers.
4. Residence area (IV).--- 4-A. A Fire Guard notifies . 4-B. Out-pouring occu- t-C. A Fire Guard is struck JrD. A high explosive
Like 3, but old and neg- you that a fire around the pants of a rooming house at by a bomb fragment, as he bomb falls in.. block--- Street
lected; back of lots packed comer in .. block .. Street No... Street are panicky attempts to fight an anti- badly, tearing up street 2
with« out-buildings and has gotten quickly out of con- and pandemonium reigns. personnel bomb through the blocks from hospital and
sheds. trol and is spreading to ad- You have just arrived at the window from the outside of cutting off all entry to hos-
joining houses. scene and realize that grow- the house. You come up pital, since 2 other streets
ing mass hysteria cannot just in time to see him fall leading to it have already
be controlled without help. and you discover that he is been blocked off.
seriously injured.
5. Residence area (V).--- 6-A. You discover that the 6-B. Passing comer of „ 5-C. You find a Messenger 5-D. You hear an explbsion
A very poor area; ' flimsy flimsy residence structures and „• Streets, where road- lying dead in the open at and investigating discover a
construction; small struc- to the rear of a grocery ware- way is in bad condition you No.„Street. From your large crater where a high
tures, battered and house at No.„,.. Street are see an Auxiliary Policeman observation you are unable explosive bomb has struck in
patched; high fire risk. . ablaze from dropped incen- hit by a' passing pumper. to discover physical evidence the middle of a road west of
diaries. A mild wind is After stopping at scene fire- of the cause; you know that the intersection of .. and ..
blowing in a direction from men proceed since Policeman a high explosive bomb struck Streets, the primary purpose
the blazing building toward has been killed outright. . a short ’time before in an of which is to serve a junk
the warehouse. adjoining Sector about 100 yard about ,200 yards away.
yards away. There are no casualties.
6. Apartment building 6-A. A Messenger tells 6-B. You see Apart- 6-C. A Fire Gttard notifies 6-D. A large apartment
(I).---Very large reinforced you of a large concentration ment Hotel sustain a direct you that a large apartment hotel has sustained a direct
concrete construction; best of incendiaries on _______ hit by a high explosive hotel at No. .. St. has hit by a high explosive bomb.
class of apartments, (Use Apartment Hotel. Hotel bomb. You find that the been hit and is on fire. You You discover that No. ---, ---
these incidents also for Warden fears that the occu- occupants have been pro- arrive at scene to find that St., which is the front wall of
hotels.) pants and Fire Guards will tected from harm by well- people are pouring out of the hotel, is in danger of col-
not be able to control all the designed shelters.' People building and that at least a lapsing into thb street where
fire bombs. You approach are frightened but not in- dozen persons are burned, 6 it would undoubtedly block
to discover that a fire in one jured. However, the build- badly. the highway.
apartment is out of control. ing is badly damaged and a
likely object of pillage.

Needed and Hy Situations in Which They Occur

RESCUE UTILITIES GAS RECON- BOMB RECON- NO SERVICE
NAISSANCE NAISSANCE NEEDED
1-E. Walls of 2-story 1-F. Ordered by Incident 1-0. Shortly after hearing 1-H. Heavy thuds fol- 1-1. Left in charge of
brick-veneer building at Officer to return to your sound of crashing glass you lowed by noise of falling Sector Post, you are inter-
No. , Street start bulging post you hurry along .. observe a woman stumbling tiles summon .you to new rupted by entrance of
then crumbling just as loud Street. Abruptly, near out of No______ St., rubbing mansion at ---, --- St. Brief excited gentleman, living
explosions break stillness. number ---, you smell illu- her eyes and saying skin inspection inside reveals next door. He says his
Preliminary search of wreck- minating gas and find that itches; heavy object came cracked walls, broken glass, house is blown to pieces.
age unearths small boy; rec- bomb hit has broken large through window and ‘ ex- scattered debris; occupants You have heard no explo-
ords indicate 7 people living street main from which gas ploded. You discover oil- of refuge room report no ex- sion and recognize visitor
there. is .escaping freely. No fire. like stains; garlic odor. plosions; no splinter marks. as harmless crackpot.
Policeman now at door.
3-E. Sound of series of 3-F. Stopping to check on 9-0. A Messenger slowly 2-H. While passing No. t-I. Leader of Demolition
detonations sends you hur- stalled police car you find nearing you at--- St., on , --- St. you note 24-inch and Clearance Unit doing
rying to source of the noise--- .. Street completely flooded bicycle is seen to stop ab- crater in concrete sidewalk. emergency work in front of
„’s house on .. Street. -and impassable. Near No. ruptly when several objects Flashlight examination ---, --- St. is ordered to re-
Latest Sector records indi- ... Definite signs reveal both hit ground nearby., He shows clean appearing hole move his men by Chief of
cate family away yet what main water line and large coughs violently, eyes water- and extensive cracks. Closer Rescue Service. An argu-
looks like'an arm is stick- sewer line damaged. Local- ing, but soon insists he feels inspection fails to disclose ment seems stirring when
ing out of mass of'timbers ity scene of recent high ex- great; hay smell noticeable. bomb splinters or broken you catch sight of Incident
and you hear stifled cries. plosive. hits. windows. Officer approaching.
S-E. You hear heavy ob- 3-F. Leaving work with 3-0. While assisting in 3-H. On --- Street, as you 3-F. Owtaer of one-story
jects dropping all around slightly injured cases you sheltering bombed out ten- guide family to safety, a bungalow at No. „, St.
and quickly it’s evident hear a dull explosion in vi- ants on „ St., you see plane sharp command from an hails you while you are
high explosives are demol- cinity. Suddenly a tele- skimming roof tops. Rain- Auxiliary Policeman pre- passing and demands that
ishing a whole row of frame phone pole falls to ground like substance strikes your vents boy from picking up 1 a Warden be stationed out-
houses---numbers --- to about 15 yards away. You face.. You smell strong un- of 3 strange objects. They’re side his home. He says he
on ... St. Moans arising hear crackling noise and see recognizable odor. Nostrils all dark-looking, can-shaped, is a taxpayer and is entitled
indicate possibility of 6 flashes of flame. No. .., feel irritated. about 4 inches in diameter. to his rights.
trapped persons. .. St.
4-E. At a late hour a 4-F. Three incendiary 4^0. You hear the sound of 4-H. At 6 a. m. thè milk- 4-1. An incendiary bomb
high explosive bomb strikes bombs of the magnesium- light explosion and find that man pounds on your door has struck in a private
a private dwelling at No. ---, thermit type have fallen in a gas bomb has fallen in the and reports a clean, round dwelling-. The Fire Guard
.. St. which houses a family the street in..block,..Street street near No. ---, „ St. hole about a foot in diameter Squad, which attacked it
of 5. Neighbor who has and are burning harmlessly. The dwellings have not in vacant lot next to .. immediately, appears to
appeared on scene tells you However, in falling they beed harmed. It is 2 a. m. School. Possibly an unex- have it well in hand.
that she doesn’t think the dragged down overhead elec- There is an odor of gera- ploded bomb. An air raid 2
eldest son has come in yet, tric wires. niums. No wind. • Air is nights ago but none last
since he works a “swing” heavy as before a rain- night. You investigate and
shift. storm. find evidence you have a
UXB.
5-E. A high explosive 5-F. While checking ef- 5-0. You investigate an 5-H. You discover what 5-1. An incendiary bomb
bomb falls, completely de- fects of bomb hit in your explosion at (shantytown appears to be an unexploded explodes and injures a
molishing 12 shanties at Sector,- you notice smell of location) to discover bomb bomb, at (open area loca- Messenger who is on his
(location). 70 people are illuminating gas. Nearby, casing fragments and a large tion) . The railroad is about way to the Warden’s post.
known to live in them. To at No. „ St., you dis- ground area splashed with 200 yards away. He is only slightly
you it looks like a mass of . cover gas escaping just where oily liquid. Slight odor of wounded in the arm.
pulverized “rubble.” service pipe enters old frame garlic. Medium strong east
house and you are unable' wind. People are dashing
to seal leak. out of shanties.
6-E. A high explosive 6-F. A high explosive 6-0. You hear a light ex- 6-H. The manager of --- 6-1. A Messenger tells
bomb has exploded in the bomb falls some yards in the plosion and find that a gas Apartment Hotel tells you you that an incendiary
vicinity qf .. Apartment rear of the ... Apartment bomb has fallen just outside that' he believes an unex- bomb which has fallen on
Hotel, damaging only the Hotel; you discover that the a large apartment hotel at ploded bomb has fallen to the roof of a large apart-
back portion of the hotel. windows in the hotel have No. ---, --- St. The ex- the rear of the hotel since he ment hotel has exploded
The hotel Warden tells you been broken and that the plosion has shattered a num- has discovered a deep, round before entering the build-
that he estimates at least 50 5 electric wires have been ber of windows in the hotel. hole about 8 inches in diam- ing, injuring slightly the
people have been trapped. pulled down. There is an odor of gera- eter. Fire Guard who is sta-
niums and a light west wind tioned on the root
blowing.

TABLE C.—A List of 213 Incidents Classified by Services

TYPE OF SITUATION FIRE POLICE MEDICAL PUBLIC WORKS
7. Apartment area (II).--- 7-A. From a doorway on- 7-B. You see several per- 7-C. A small high explo- 7-D. From your post, you
Like 6, in construction Street, you see a shower of sons running excitedly away sive bomb falls outside the see a high explosive bomb
but whole area built up; incendiaries strike --- Apart- from the --- Apartment at street door of the lobby of.. strike the north (east) end of
6- to 10-story buildings, 4 ment, an 8-story, fireproof No. ---, --- St. Investigating, Apartment at No.--- St., Bridge falling through to
to 6 families per floor. (Use structure. A heavier bomb, the janitor tells you Mr. where 20 people have sought the roadway below. Explo-
also for hotels.) The fire- you think oil, goes through a mental case, has gone ber- shelter. Its explosion kills 2 sion creates crater and road
proof Federal projects, the elevator penthouse and serk and is running through people and injures 4 more. blocking rubble you know
even in low rent part of down the shaft. Fire in the corridors discharging a You find the survivors fran- must be cleared.
the city, are usually in this basement out of control. shotgun. tically trying to aid the in-
class. jured.
8. Apartment area(IH).--- 8-A. You see a shower of 8-B. 200 tenants* have 8-C. A high explosive bomb 8-D. High explosive bombs
Wall bearing construction incendiaries strike a group' taken refuge in the shelter explodes in the tea room of crash into the intersection of
with wood joists and floors; of community-type apts. in of „ Apartments. An ex- --- Apartments at No. ---, --- „ Strert and Avenue,
3 to 6 stories; area new or the --- block of .. Street. plosion destroys the lights. Street, killing four and in- tearing a 30-foot crater. The
wGl maintained; modest Some penetrate several of Some occupants begin mut- juring 12. Many of these west wall of __ Apartments
middle class type of apart- the wooden floors of the tering about'better accom- injured cases require urgent is blown out, heavy metal
ment; well built up area; buildings, starting fires that modations in a shelter 4 medical attention. cornices swinging, from the
most buildings join neigh- threaten to spread to ad- blocks away. Soon a pro- roof.
bors (terrace arrange- joining structures. nounced movement to evac-
ment). uate is.under way.
9. Tenement area (IV).--- 9-A. Fire, started by in- 9-B. Spreading fires in a 9-C. 10 people, running 9-D. Bridge leading into
Wall bearing construc- cendiaries striking a tene- congested neighborhood to shelter in a congested .. neighborhood, a tene-
tion; walk-up 3 to 5 stor- ment at No. .. Street, is have prompted the resi- tenement area are killed by ment area, has been dam-
ies; very crowded; build- raging through three of the dents to mass action. They two high explosive bombs aged and is impassable.
ings universally joined in five floors. All tenants have are pressing toward --- and at least 40 more are in- Many working in defense .
terrace arrangement. been evacuated. Bridge which is being used jured. Shelter is at No. plants across the river, are
by numerous pieces of fire „ Street. being kept from their homes.
apparatus.
10. Suburban • area.--- 10-A. You are told that 10-B. While patrolling at 10-C. You find that there 10-D. You find that high
Houses completely sepa- several incendiary bombs intersection of --- Avenue are several persons injured explosives have hit the
rated, average 200 feet have landed in the house and --- Street you see de- by scattered glass fragments, bridge over „ River on „
apart; usually frame con- and grounds in (give sub- bris is causing traffic block. caused by a bomb exploding .. Street (Road) connecting
struction. There are mod- urban location). Fire is Police could handle matter. in the driveway between the area with the main
est areas and mansion spreading rapidly to sur- Reinforcements from the two homes at No. part of the city. A section
areas of this type. Parks. rounding area and; homes; city of --- would normally Street. At least two are of the floor of the bridge is
trees, fallen foliage, and use this road. very seriously injured. knocked out.
dead grass help spread the
fire.
11. Downtown hotel.--- U-A. You find that fire of 11-B. The owner of --- Jew- 11-C. You receive the re- 11-D. You see that the air-
Very large fireproof build- suspicious origin has started elry Store in __ Hotel reports port that a high-explosive conditioning apparatus on
ing. For other hotels, use in the Storeroom of --- Hotel jewelry stolen. Your inspec- has exploded in the alley the roof of the Hotel has
apartment incidents. where many inflammables tion uncovers additional adjoining the .. Hotel; you been hit and skidded across
There are, of course, hotels are stored; fire threatens to Tacts, including jewelry investigate and find many the roof. It is overhanging
equivalent to each apart- spread beyond control in- strewn around floor and val- dead and injured on the the street and threatens to
ment house class. side the hotel. \ uables now inadequately first 2 floors of the hotel. fall Jnto the street.
protected. Windows, doors, and fur-
niture have been smashed.
12. Downtown office build- li-A. The building Fire li-B. The guard in the 18-C. There are many 12-D. A large high explo-
ing.---Very large fireproof Guard tells you that many Army Engineers’ Office people who crowded in from sive has penetrated the roof
building. Use these inci- incendiaries have fallen (which is housed in this the street into the „ Na- and about 8 floors of the 30-
dents also for courthouses, through the skylight and 1 building) has been over- tional Bank lobby who have story „ Tower (office build-
etc. Smaller, very fine has set fire to a room where powered by 3 men, who have suffered serious injuries from ing). The building is de-
office buildings---banks, for there are city records; the gained entrance into theof- glass fragments as result of a stroyed, but standing 18
instance---in this class. fire is rapidly getting out of flce. They are in UJ3. Army bomb exploding in front stories high. Bulging wall
control. uniforms but 1 met you at of the bank. panels are in evidence on
door with drawn pistol. all sides of the building.

Needed and By Situations in Which They Occur—Continued

RESCUE UTILITIES GAS BE CON- BOMB BECON- NO SEBVICE
NAISSANCE NAISSANCE NEEDED J
7-E. You see the explo- 7-F. Ahighexplosive bomb 7-0. You see a bomb ex- 7-H. A Messenger reports 7-1. An incendiary bomb
sion of a high explosive foiling at (location) blows plode in the doorway of .. a crater in the pavement fell through the wind-shield
bomb demolish 4 floors of an out the water main serving Apartments, at-No. „, --- next to the .. Apartment at of an automobile parked in
8-story apartment house at a 10-block area on the bank St., and dark splotches of an No---, .. St. Your exami- front of--- Apartments at
No. „ St., containing 6 of „ Biver. oily liquid appear on the nation discloses a hole 18 No---, --- St. The build-
units per floor. Upper floors steps and walls. A pro- inches across, clean cut. ing’s Fire Guards have
collapse, trapping numerous nounced odor of garlic is The pavement, is not blown succeeded in extinguishing
casualties. Your records in- present, and a moderate upward; and glass remains Hheflre.
dicate 90 people live in the south wind is blowing. in windows of adjoining
demolished units. buildings.
8-E. --- Apartment at No. 8-F. The emergency water 8-0. You see 2 elderly 8-H. In the parking lot 8-1. Three incendiary
„, „ St., in which 20 fam- main (laid above ground women seeking shelter in the adjoining .. Apartments (a bombs foil in the court-
ilies live, is struck by a high after the permanent main entrance of .. Apartments large unit running the full yard pool of --- Apartments
explosive bomb at 10:35 was ruptured in an earlier at No...,.. St. Before they length of.. block on .. St.) at No. -,-St.
Pi m. 3 floorsof 1 of the units raid) in the --- block of „ get inside, a bomlv explodes you notice a hole approxi-
crash to the ground, trap- Street is destroyed by an ex- in the street, showering them mately the size of an auto
ping numerous casualties. plosion. with a liquid. A faint odor wheel. On the ground near
Your record indicates 35 of new-mown hay is present, the edge of the hole, you see
people live in that unit. and there is no wind. part of a heavy steel ring.
9-E. „, a huge tenement 9-F. Both water main 9-1. The Fire Guard on
in „ block of „ Street, has and sewer lines in _ block _ 9-0. A heavy bomb crashes 9-H. On .. Street, 40 feet top of --- tenements at No.
been hit by high explosive Street, have been ruptured through the rather flimsy east of the intersection of .. „, „ Street tells you that 3
at 11:10 p. m. 2 floors are by high explosive. This is a roof of the huge market at.., Avenue, you notice a hole incendiaries dropped on
collapsed, and groans of tenement district. Sewage ..St. You note that the explo- about 30 inches across. Ex- the roof, but he success-
trapped victims are heard. and water are seeping into sion in the comer of the mar- posed ends of subsurface fully extinguished them.
Your record indicates 63 the cellars of the multifam- ket did almost no physical utilities (telephone and elec-
persons lived in the demol- ily dwellings lining „ Ave- damage but there is a dis- tric cables) are seen, but the
ished units. nue. tinct geranium odor. “all clear” has been given.
1
10-E. You find the house 10-F. In response to an 10-0. You see that a large 10-H. On the morning 10-1. You note that the
at No. _, _ Street has been urgent call you investigate bomb has fallen in the drive- after the heavy raid, the large bam filled with hay
badly hit by a high explo- and find that the very large way of a house of Mrs... at milkman reports that he has at the „ Dairy on _ Boad
sive, and that there are peo- bouse at No. --- on „ Street No.Street The win- seen a gaping hole through has been fired by an in-
ple trapped therein. ■ You which is being used as a shel- dows are splashed with the roof and floor of the cendiary and is aflame.
know from your records ter, has been hit, and that heavy, oily liquid, and there Community Center Build-
that there are 4 people liv- the water pipes are broken is a distinct odor of gera- ing. You find that the walls
ing in the house. and are flooding the shelter. niums. of the buijdipg are cracked
and almost all the windows
are intact.'
11-E. You know that there 11-F. People in --- Hotel 11-0. The Fire Guard on H-H. Your attention is *
are many casualties trapped are trapped in the air raid the roof of .. Hotel reports called to a clean hole about 11-1. An overzealous
in the basement air raid shelter. The water pipes that a gas bomb has fallen 18 inches in diameter in the. Fire Guard in your Sector
shelter in Hotel ---. The have been hit, and water is and splashed on the roof. pavement in front of the .. has sustained superficial
entrances are blocked ofl flooding this basement shel- He detects the*odor of ge- Hotel. The walls of the arm injuries while fighting
to and from the street.1 A ter. raniums. You investigate hotel are cracked; windows an explosive incendiary
high explosive bomb has and reach the same conclu- generally intact. bomb.
piled the entering stairway sion.
full of rubble.
li-E. You see that the ti-F. A Messenger from It-O. The BuildingWard- li-H. You observe that 3 li-1. You receive a report
walls of the first floor of _ the Sub-Control Center en'in .. Office Building adjoining panels . of wall that 2 people running
Office Building have been (Which is housed in „ Office reports to you seeing a have fallen out of the front down the steps in the
blown tn, thus shutting ofl Building) tells you that the couple of small bombs ex- of the .. Office Building at building to the shelter have
avenues of escape from the telephone wires there have plode in the courtyard of the 17th story. From point fallen and hurt themselves.
shelters on the first floor been hit and put out of com- the building. The pave- on the opposite side of the Your investigation proves
and the basement. Your mission. He goes on toward ment is splashed with liquid, street, you can see up through so-called injuries are trivial.
record shows 228 regular main Control Center. and you smell the odor of the roof of the building;
workers in building at this garlic, section of beam demolished,
hour. b steel rods exposed. *

TABLE C.—A List of 216 Incidents Classified by Services

TYPE OF SITUATION FIRE policé' MEDICAL PUBLIC WORKS
13. Downtown department 13-A. A direct hit by high 13-B. The day after a 13-C. On duty opposite 13-D. During a night at-
store.---Very large fire-proof explosive has heavily dam- heavy raid you are patrol- .. Department Store, you tack, a high explosive bomb
building. Smaller build- aged the . --- Department ling your post in the down- see a bomb explode and shat- has hit .. Store. The build-
ings of best constructton Store and has in some way town area. Y ou notice sev- ter the showcase windows. ing has been practically de-
housing fine stores should caused fire to break out. eral people looting the The scattered glass frag- molished. The front wall
be regarded as dept, stores You observe that the fire is wreckage of „ Department ments have seriously injured is'in danger of falling out-
in the matter of air raid apparently racing through Store, which was demolished about a dozen people; one ward into .. Street, a main
incidents. the large building. by a high explosive. They person is apparently dying. thoroughfare.
• V run when you call out to
them.
14. Downtown retail H-B. You see 2 men at H~C. Several connecting H~D. Hearing a loud ex-
(area).---3- and 4-story wall- H~A. You see a shower of No. ---, „ St. dash out of a buildings in .. block plosion, you rush to discover
bearing construction; the incendiaries fall on several small food store. The own- Street have been ravaged that almost the whole street
Older part of retail district. roofs in the --- block of „ er runs out screaming that by fire; there are many ser- in the .. block of .. Street
New well-built retail areas Street. They have caught he has be85

Figure 3.—Completed Umpire’s Report Form with Control Center and Dispatch Depot Records of Incident.

86,

Figure 4.—Reverse of Umpire’s Report Form, Showing Notation Regarding Delay in Arrival of Medical Team.

APPENDIX G

Check-Sheet for Umpire at Control Center

1. Is Control Center properly guarded so that only properly authorized persons are allowed to enter?
2. Is map adequate and properly located?
3. Can incident numbers on map tacks be seen clearly from the operations table?
4. Is the message room separated from the control room?
5. Are Telephonists* tables partitioned to block noise and confusion?
6. Time of receipt of alerts?
7. Time of arrival of Control Center staff members?
8. Are Messengers on duty?
9. Are Telephone installations adequate for the need?
10. Are Telephonists familiar with the names of streets?
*11. Average time for Telephonists to record Warden’s message?
12. Aré blocked roads clearly indicated so that Service representatives can advise their dispatchers and drivers? Do they use the information?
13. What arrangements are in effect for priority sorting of'reports?
14. How is the incident report made known to the operations table staff: Reading the report aloud? _ _ Passing the report from one Chief to another? _ _ Multiple copies of report? _ _ If the last, how many copies, and to whom? ________________________________________________•___

15. Is conversation in the Control Center kept to a minimum?
16. Is control panel locatçd properly? Is it currently and accurately kept up to the minute?
17. How much time-lag is evident between dispatch of services and posting of the control panel?
18. Are supplementary messages given the original incident mimber?
19. How are duplicate reports handled?
20. Is an alternate Control Center kept posted on major developments?
21. Are steps taken to reinforce local services from outside as they approach depletion?
*22. Average time in clearing incidents in the control room?
23. Are alternate communications used in the exercise, especially messengers?
24. What information is compiled for post-raid review and action?
25. Is there a specific plan for a post-raid conference?

*Very important for CC to check this matter from time to time. Trained CC staffs have demonstrated that No. 22 can be at rate of one incident every 40 seconds.

APPENDIX H

Check-Sheet for Umpires for Handling Casualties

AIR RAID DRILL AT____1___________u___________________________________
Location of incident observed-_______________________________________
Time incident reported to Warden____________________-________________
Time Warden completed call to Control Center_________________________
Time first Mobile Med. Team arrived__________________________________
NAME OF INCIDENT PHYSICIAN OR TEAM LEADER

Doctor, Dentist, Nurse, First Aider »

Unit 1 2 3 4
Time ____ _______ _ _ __ _
T r anspor t ation ________
No. Stretchers _____________ ___
No. Blankets _________"__________.____
No. Doctors________________________
No. RN’s____________________________
No. Med. Aux..________________________
No. Rescue Squads. __________________
No. Drivers___ _________ _____

Were all casualties examined and classified? ________________________________________
By whom? ___________________ Satisfactorily?_________________________________________
Was field treatment performed or simulated? _________________________________________
Adequate? ________________ Too elaborate?____________________________________________
• Were chemical casualties properly handled?______________________________'___________

Casualties Disposition Order*
1
9
à
4

fi
7
R
0

♦Numerical order of removal from scene of incident.

Comments: _______________________________________________

FOR USE OF MEDICAL OBSERVER IN FIELD.

labels With Which “Casualties" Are Tagged.

1. Penetrating wound of abdomen—compound fracture of right leg—shock.
2. Left side of chest torn open—left arm torn off near elbow—shock.
3. - Crushed pelvis—fracture right _ thigh—lower third shock.
4. Bleeding from nose, mouth, left ear — unconscious.
5. Right hand blown off—penetrating wound right chest.
6. Crushed chest—bleeding from mouth—profound shock—dying.
7. Left thumb and index finger blown off—penetrating wound of left hand.
8. Multiple glass splinters—face and hands.
9. Second degree burns of both hands.