[Information About the Government's Wage-Price Policy]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

INFORMATION
9 U U!

WAGE-PRICE
POLICY
(With, the regulation)
Issued March 11, 1946 by
OFFICE OF Economic STABILIZATION— Chester Bowles, Director
NATIONAL WAGE STABILIZATION BOARD - W. Willard Wirts, Chairman
OFFICE OF PRICE ADMINISTRATION - Paul Porter, Administrator
INF - B2329(j-U6)
(Revised)
4 ME&&WC
We Americans have every reason to look to the future with confidence. The war taught us that we have vast productive capacity. We know, too, from five years of experience with the greatest inflationary pressures in history, that the cost of living can be and has been kept in line.
We can see ahead the greatest chance this country has ever had for a long-sustained period of full-production, with handsome returns for our industries and our farms and good-paying jobs for everyone willing to work.
Yet our progress toward that goal is being delayed by fear and dcubt and blind selfinterest. Those are the bottle-necks we must break.
I believe that in the wage-price policy set forth today the American people have a blueprint that can rid our economy of those bottlenecks and clear the way for the greatest flood of goods this great nation has ever seen.
Industry needs and is entitled to firm assurance that it will get speedy decisions on wage and price adjustments where they are needed, and that it can move ahead with long-range full production plans based on stable costs and good and steady profits.
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Workers have a right to assurance that they are free to bargain for reasonable wage increases under the wage patterns clearly established. They have a right to assurance that government decisions on the agreements which come out of cpllective bargaining will be made speedily..
Farmers have a right to assurance that their farm income will be maintained at permanently high levels so that they may have a fair share of our national peacetime prosperity.
All of us, no matter how wo make our living, are entitled to know that the rents and prices we pay are not going to shoot up in the months ahead. And we have a right to expect - at prices we can afford - more durable goods, more clothing, more hones and the other things which we so badly need today.
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T believe sincerely that the •wage-price policy is a practical step toward a future of ' sustained prosperity. I believe that we can make the plan work to get the all-out production needed eventually to lick inflation. In the meantime we can continue holding the price and rent line against the kind of disastrous boom and collapse which began just about this time after the last war.
Ke can’t expect, however, that this plan will work automatically. First, every employer and every worker and every farmer must want to make it work. That means tackling the job in the same' spirit in which we tackled our war job. It means a good deal of give and take - -and perhaps a little sacrifice. It means a little self-control over our own self-interests; a little less scrambling to get ahead of the next fellow who may seem to have some slight, temporary advantage.
Second, we must continue to have effective governmental tools to do the job.
Finally, all government agencies involved in the new stabilization program must streamline their machinery even further and work even harder to give businessmen, farmers and workers fair and quick decisions. I know this is an objective on which all government leaders agree.
The American people are determined to see that our economy works for all the people.
They are determined that this fight to avert the tragedy of Inflation will be won. Upon the outcome of this fight hangs, not only the value of our earnings and our savings tomorrow, but also our security and our economic and social progress for years to come.
We have the sure knowledge that there is nothing inevitable about inflation, for it would be a catastrophe of our own making. Kith the right spirit and the right tools we can get the production we need in the months ahead, and at the same time insure a safe, sound foundation for a healthy and prosperous economy after this emergency has been long forgotten.
Chester Bowles
Director of Economic Stabilization
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ffO/HE GENERAL
ANSWERS
1.	Q. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE NEW WAGE-PRICE POLICY ANNOUNCED BY PRESIDENT TRUMAN ON FEBRUARY-' UTH IN EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 9697?
A. To maintain the "Stability of the economy in the present emergency" and to clear the decks for full-speed-ahead in production, the order provides:
FIRST, a basis for reasonable wage settlements in all cases. Labor is assured the opportunity to obtain wage adjustments in line with those worked out In free negotiations, or recommended by the government, since V-J day.
And SECOND, prompt adjustments in price ceilings wherever they are necessary to relieve' hardship or increase production of essential goods.
2.	Q. WHAT ARE THE BASIC SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE NEW WAGE-PRICE POLICY AND THE PREVIOUS POLICY?
A. The new policy is not a brand new program but an adaptation of the old to fit present conditions.
The new policy, like the old, calls for free collective bargaining within the framework of the stabilization program. Except in a few special situations, it imposes no direct prohibitions on wage or sdlary increases.
Like the old, the new policy puts limits upon the extent to which wage or- salary increases can be reflected in higher prices or higher costs under government contracts. Such increases must be approved by the government before they can be used for these purposes.
3.	Q, WH4T ARE THE PRINCIPAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE NEW WAGE-PRICE POLICY AND TOE PREVIOUS POLICY?
A. Under the old policy, the standards for approval of wage or salary increases were relatively limited. These standards were not intended to limit the amounts of the increases'which would actually take place. On the contrary, so-called unapproved increases, over and above the standards for approval, were encouraged. But these unapproved, increases coulcj not be reflected in higher ceiling prices right away. After a six-month test period, however, OPA was directed to take them into full-, account and to give any price relief which the test period showed was called for under established pricing standards.
This policy worked well in the majority of cases. Thousands of wage agreements have been concluded in orderly fashion under this policy. Prices.have been held in line.
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Tn many industries, however, labor has suffered a severe loss in take-home pay, as a result of loss of overtime, downgrading and similar factors. In some of these industries, employers could not absorb, even for a test period, the increases in wage rates which were necessary to give labor at least partial compensation for this reduction in earnings and to.offset the increases in the cost of living since before the war*
The new policy meets this difficulty squarely and realistically. It liberalizes the standards for approval of wage and salary increases. The basic standard consists of the patterns of adjustment which have actually been established in the various industries and localities during the period between V-J Day and the date of the order.
Having liberalized the standards for approval, the new policy no longer encourages unapproved wage or salary increases. Consideration'of such increases is barred, not merely for six months, but for the duration of the stabilization laws in determining either price ceilings or costs under government contracts.
Wage or salary increases which are going to be used in applying for price relief immediately, or for increasing, costs to the government, must be approved in advance.
4.	Q. WILL THE NEW POLICY REQUIRE PRICES TO BE INCREASED WHEREVER WAGE RATES HAVE GONE UP?
A. Far from it. Higher wage rates do not necessarily mean proportionately higher labor costs. Loss of overtime, downgrading, an inproved labor force and other factors, offset the effect of higher rates on labor costs in whole or in part.
The whole record since the ladt war proves this point clearly. In 1919 our industrial workers earned on the average only 47 cents an hour. Today the average is 99 cents an hour, more than twice as much. Yet the average of prices we are now paying in the stores is just about the same as it was in 1919* And the process has not bankrupted American business either. Corporation profits before taxes last year were three times what they were in 1919.
Even when increases in wage rates do increase costs, they do not by any means always call for price increases. The effects that higher-labor costs have on prices vary sharply, from industry to industry. In one industry direct labor costs may make up only 10 percent of the cost of manufacturing. Thus, a 10 percent wage increase in such an industry could, at the maximum, increase the total cost of manufacturing only one percent. In other industries where wages make up a larger part of the total cost the impact will naturally be greater. But even where there are substantial cost increases manufacturers will not necessarily have to raise prices«. Many of them are in such a highly profitable position that they will be fully able to absorb the increases, and still show much higher earnings than before the war,
5.	Q. WHAT DOES THE N^ WAGE-PRICE POLICY MEAN TO THE AVERAGE AMERICAN FAMILY WHICH IS SO CONCERNED ABOUT THE COST OF LIVING?
A, First of all, it means that consumers can expect to get larger supplies of refrigerators, washing machines, automobiles and all the other peacetime goods we’re all waiting for. Secondly, it will not mean a new higher level of prices. More than two-thirds of the average family’s expenditures go for food, rent and clothing. The new wage-price policy should have no effect on rents and little or no effect on food and clothing. Special steps are being taken to increase production of low-priced clothing and thus to reduce the average family’s clothing bill, Prices for some metal goods will undoubtedly increase somewhat. Such increases mean a bulge in the price line. But there will be no break-through,
6.	Q. WHAT DOES THE NE?/ WAGE-PRICE PROGRAM MEAN TO THE AVERAGE EMPLOYER?
A, It means quicker settlement of wage problems. It means prompt price relief where hardship exists under fair pricing standards. It means that the way .4s cleared for all-out production.
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7.	Q. THAT DOES THE NEW WAGE-PRICE POLICY MEAN TO THE AVERAGE-WORKER?
A. It means that barriers to fair wage and salary adjustments, through collective bargaining or ^otherwise, are removed. It means that the worker is protected against a runaway cost of living which would destroy the benefits of the adjustments.
8.	Q. WHAT DOES THE NEW WAGE-PRICE POLICY MEAN TO THE AVERAGE FARMER?
A. It means an increased flow of machinery, tools and other peacetime goods he needs to run his farm. And it is unlikely that there will be any real increase even in the prices of the farm equipment he buys. It means that the declining income which many farmers expected after V-J Day will not materialize because the wartime purchasing power of many industrial workers will be at least partially restored through increases in wage rates.
9.	Q. WILL THE NEW WAGE-PRICE POLICY TIE BUSINESSMEN AND LABOR UNIONS UP IN RED TAPE AND DELAY?
A. Emphatically no. The Government is obligated to give both groups the fastest possible action, if we are to get the flood of production we need. The new wage-price program contains new provisions for stream-lining procedures to the limit. However, this is a two-way obligation. Businessmen will have to cooperate by supplying accurate data and supply-' ing it more quickly than has been the case on many occasions in the past.
10.	Q. WHAT AGENCIES WILL ADMINISTER THE NEW WAGE-PRICE POLICY?
A. The same agencies which have been administering the previous policy. The National Wage Stabilization Board will pass finally on all applications for approval of wage in-
. creases, except those invqlving agricultural labor and so-called Lea Amendment cases. The Board acts also on increases for certain salaried employees receiving $5,000 per annum or less. This agency consists of a national and twelve regional tripartite boards made up of; industry, labor and public representatives. It was established at the beginning of this year to carry on the stabilization functions of the War Labor Board.
The Salary Stabilization Unit in the Treasury Department will pass finally on all applications for approval of salary increases other than salary increases under the jurisdiction - of the National Wage Stabilization Board.
The Department of Agriculture will continue to administer wage controls applying to agricultural labor.
The Office of Price Administration, of course, will administer the price features of the new policy, with the approval of the Secretary of Agriculture as required by law in certain cases.
The Director of Economic Stabilization will direct and coordinate the overall policies and see that the program in general is carried forward promptly and uniformly in line with the' President’s executive order.’
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11.	Q. CAN AN EMPLOYER LAWFUIIY MAKE A WAGE OR SAIARY INCREASE WITHOUT GETTING GOVERNMENT APPROVAL?
A. Yes. Under the new executive order, so-called unapproved wage or salary increases are still lawful, with certain exceptions, just as they were before. However, wage or salary increases must be approved before they can be used as a feasis for securing an increase in price or rent ceilings or utility rates or for increasing costs to the United States under Government contracts. Unless approved, such'increases cannot, for the duration of the stabilization laws, be considered for such proposes,
12,	Q. ARE THERE EXCEPTIONS TO THE GENERAL RULE THAT UNAPPROVED WAGE OR SALARY INCREASES ARE NOT UNLAWFUL?
A. Yes. These exceptions are the same as those which existed before the new Executive Order.
Wages in the building construction industry cannot be increased without the prior approval of the Wage Adjustment Board. (This agency, made up of management j labor, and public representatives, has administered wage controls in this particular field throughout the war).
Wage increases which do not conform to the ceilings on agricultural labor established by the Department of Agriculture are unlawful.
Certain inequity adjustments in the basic steel industry called for by the War Labor Board’s decision of November 25, 1944, in the "basic steel case” still require prior approval.
Finally, new job rates in. new plants, or in new departments of existing plants, are unlawful without specific approval, except to the extent that advance approval may be given by general order.
The new executive order authorizes the Economic Stabilization Director to provide that additional classes of wage or salary increases shall be unlawful unless made with prior approval, if in his judgment such"action is necessary to prevent wage or salary increases inconsistent with the purposes of the stabilization laws.
The new executive order and regulations do not affect pre-existing rules as to wage decreases. All wage decreases are unlawful unless approved before being made.
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13.	Q. WHAT IS MEANT BY AN ’APPROVED« WAGE OR SALARY INCREASE?
A. An approved wage or salary increase is one which can be used as a recognized item of costs in applying for an increase in price or rent ceilings or utility rates, or as a basis for reimbursement under Government contracts. An unapproved increase cannot be used for any of these purposes for the duration of the stabilization laws.
The executive order itself gives blanket approval to certain classes of wage or salary increases.
• The order also authorizes the Economic Stabilization Director to give blanket approval to additional classes of increases. Several such classes of increases are approved in the new wage-price regulations.
Where such advance approval has been given, no further application to any wage or salary stabilization agency is required.
Approval of other wage or salary increases can be secured only on specific application to thé appropriate wage or salary stabilization agency.
1A. Q. MAY AN EMPLOYER MAKE A WAGE OR SALARY INCREASE AM) THEt APPLY FOR APPROVAL OF IT AFTERWARD?
A, In two’classes of cases, yes. In others, no.
The first class of cases is one established by an earlier order of the Stabilization Administrator. For an interim period, until March 15, 1946, an employer may make an unapproved wage or salary increase without waiving the right to seek approval afterward. He, must, however, apply for such approval within 30 days after the increase is first reflected in current payrolls.
The new regulations provide for a second class of cases in which approval of a wage or salary increase may be sought after it has been made. An employer need not secure prior approval of a wage or salary increase if he has no present intention of using it as a basis for seeking an increase in price or rent ceilings or utility rates or for increasing costs under a Government contract, and if he so states in a notice describing the increase filed with the appropriate wage or salary stabilization‘agency within 30 days after the increase is first reflected in current payrolls.
If the employer files such a notice, he can ask for approval of the increase at any later time. Approval will be given or withheld on the same basis as if it had been sought before the- increase was made.
If an employer makes an unapproved wage or salary increase on or after March 15> 1946, and fails to file such a notice, he will be deemed to have waived any right to use the increase as a basis for seeking price increases, or for any of the other purposes stated above.
15.	Q. IF AN EMPLOYER MAKES A WAGE OR SALARY INCREASE WITHOUT PRIOR APPROVAL AND GIVES NOTICE THAT HE HAS NO PRESENT INTENTION OF USING IT AS A BASIS FOR SEEKING A* PRICE INCREASE* MAY HE APPLY FOR A PRICE INCREASE LATER?
A. Yes. He must, of course, first secure approval of the wage increase. OPA will then consider his application for price relief, if he shows a reasonable ground for the change in his original intention. Any price relief called for on the basis of the established pricing standards will then be given.
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16.	Q. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OP REQUIRING AN EMPLOYER TO SECURE APPROVAL 01^ A WAGE OR SALARY INCREASE BEFORE MAKING IT IF HE INTENDS TO USE THE INCREASE AS A BASIS FOR AN IMMEDIATE APPLICATION FOR PRICE RELIEF?
A. Wages and salaries, of course, are most closely tied to prices in those cases in which the employer believes that a wage or salary increase will require an immediate price increase. The new standards of approval represent the limits upon the amounts of the wage or salary increases which can be permitted to affect prices, consistently with continued stabilization. .
While employers are not prohibited from agreeing to absorb additional increases, it is important that any such agreement should be made with open eyes. Otherwise, widespread wage settlements might be made in excess of the standards for approval without awareness. This would create the dilemma of either imposing severe and often intolerable hardship upon employers in many cases, or of permitting a break in the wage-price policy which would upset the stabilization program.
17.	Q. WHAT CUSSES OF WAGE OR SALARY INCREASES ARE GIVEN ADVANCE APPROVAL BY THE PRESIDENT’S EXECUTIVE ORDER ITSELF?
A. The President’s executive order gives advance approval to two classes of wage and “salary increases« (1) Any Increase lawfully made before the date of the order (February 14, 1946), and (2) any increase made at any time in accordance with a governmental recommendation announced before the date of the order.
The National Wage Stabilization Board and the Salary Stabilization Unit in the Treasury Department will give rulings, upon request, on questions as to whether a particular increase under their jurisdiction falls within one of these classes.
18.	Q. WHAT ADDITIONAL CI ASSES OF WAGE OR SAURY INCREASES ARE GIVEN ADVANCE APPROVAL BY THE NEW WAGE-PRICE REGUUTIONS?
A. (1) Increases made by employers who employ no more than eight employees, unless wages for such employees have in the past been determined by a master contract, or by similar or identical contracts, on an industry or area-wide basis, or unless the National Wage Stabilization Board provides for specific approval in the particular type of case.
(2)	Increases providing for a maximum of six paid holidays a year;
O) Increases providing for night shift differentials not exceeding 5 cents for a second shift or ten cents for a third shift;
(4)	Increases providing for paid vacations of no more than one week after one year of employment and tiro weeks after five years of employment.
(5)	In addition, the regulations authorize the wage or salary stabilization agencies to issue pattern orders, or other general orders, which will give advance approval to a much larger number of increases. Several such pattern orders have already been issued by the National Wage Stabilization Board. The Board will issue canparable orders as rapidly as possible.
These blanket approvals, of course, do not cover increases in the building and construction industry and other classes of cases (listed in Qestion 11, above) in which no increase is lawful without specific approval.
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J9. Q. WILL A SEPARATE APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL HAVE TO BE FILED WITH THE APPROPRIATE AGENCY ' FOR EVER! WAGE OR SALARY INCREASE NOT FALLING WITHIN ONE OF THE CLASSES WHICH HAS BEEN GIVEN ADVANCE APPROVAL?
A. Yes, if the employer wishes to use it as a basis for seeking an increase in price or
* rent ceilings or utility rates or for increasing costs to the United States under a Government contract.
However, the classes of increases which are given advance approval will be steadily enlarged as a result of the issuance of pattern orders and similar general orders by the National Wage Stabilization Board and the Salary Stabilization Unit.
- 20. Q. WHEN A GENERAL ORDER HAS BEEN ISSUED BY THE NATIONAL WAGE STABILIZATION BOARD OR THE SAURY STABILIZATION UNIT GIVING ADVANCE APPROVAL TO A CIASS OF WAGE OR SAIARY INCREASES, MAY AN EMPLOYER SECURE APPROVAL ON SPECIAL APPLICATION OF AN INCREASE IN EXCESS OF THE AMOUNT APPROVED PY THE GENERAL ORDER?
A. Ordinarily not. Thus, the Board’s pattern orders, once issued, will establish definite limits upon the wage increases which can be approved in the industry or industries covered by the order. Only in special types of situations will an application for approval of an increase in excess of the recognized pattern be entertained.
21.	Q. WHERE SHOUID AN APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL OF A WAGE OR SALARY INCREASE BE FILED?
A, No change has been made in the procedure for filing applications for approval or in the scope of authority of the respective wage and salary stabilization agencies.
As was the case before the new executive order, applications for approval of increases subject to the jurisdiction of the National Wage Stabilization Board will continue to.be filed with the nearest local office of the Wage and Hour Division of the Department of Labor.	$
Applications for approval by the Salary Stabilization Unit will be filed as before with the Unit’s local regional offices.
Applications for approval of increases for agricultural workers (including those covered by the Lea Amendment) will continue to be filed with the Labor Branch, Production and Marketing Administration, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. or write the appropriate State USDA Wage Board. Applications covering so-called Lea Amendment employees will be transmitted by the Department of Agriculture to the Economic Stabilization Director for his decision.
22.	Q. WILL APPLICATIONS FOR APPROVAL OF WAGE OR SAURY INCREASES BE ACTED ON PROMPTLY?
A. Yes. Both the National Wage Stabilization Board and the Salary Stabilization Unit will authorize their regional offices throughout the country to make final rulings on most applications without sending them to Washington. ‘ The national offices of these agencies are prepared to act with all possible speed on the few cases requiring their attention. The Board and the Salary Stabilization Unit will streamline the procedures for submitting, applications to the fullest possible extent.
Most important, the pattern orders and other general orders which will give advance approval for increases in specific industries and areas arid for other classes of increases will wholly eliminate the need for special application in the classes of cases which the orders cover. {Thus the agencies will be able to act more rapidly on the remaining cases.
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23* Q. what standards will beapplied bi the wage and salary stabilization agencies in passing UPON applications for approval of wage or salary increases?
A* The executive order and the new regulations issued by the Stabilisation Director establish five groups of standards for the approval of wage or salary increases« The wage and salary stabilisation agencies may approve t
(1)	Increases consistent with a general pattern of wage or salary adjustments which has been established in a particular industry, or in an industry or related industries in a particular local labor market, between August 18, 1945, and February 14, 1946 (See Questions 24 to 27, below)
(2)	Increases necessary (where no such pattern was established) to eliminate a gross inequity'between wage rates or salaries in related industries, related plants in the same industry, or related job classifications in the same plant.(See Questions 28 and 29 below)
(3)	Increases necessary (where no such pattern was established) to make the average increase in wage or salary rates of employees in the appropriate unit since January 1, 1941, equal the percentage increase in the cost of living between January 1941 and September 1945 (namely, 33 per cent). (See Questions 30 and 31, below)
(4)	Increases necessary to correct substandard rates. (See Question 32, below)
(5)	Increases falling within the wartime wage standards in effect on August 17, 1945 (except the standards relating to nrare and unusual" cases) which were used in passing on applications for approval of wage or salary increases. (See Question 33, below)
24* Q* DOES THE NEW "PATTERN" STANDARD MEAN THAT ANY .WAGE INCREASE UP TO 18| CENTS AN HOUR, OR SOME SIMILAR FIGURE, WILL BE APPROVED?
A* No* The executive order does not proceed upon the basis that any nation-wide pattern of wage or salary increases has been established by recent wage settlements. The patterns which it recognizes are patterns for particular industries, or for particular industries or related industries within a particular labor market area. These patterns vary from industry to industry and from locality to locality. In many industries and localities no post-V-J Day pattern was established before the date of the order* In these industries and localities, the principal standards of approval of wage and salary increases will be the "gross inequity" standard and the "cost-of-living" standard*
25* Q* TO WHAT EXTENT WILL "PATTERN" INCREASES BE APPROVED WHERE THERE HAVE BEEN PREVIOUS INCREASES .MADE BY THE E? FLOYER SINCE AUGUST 18, 1945?
A. The "pattern" referred to in the executive order and regulations is a pattern of wage rate increases since V-J Day*
If a 16 cent increase is established as the "pattern" in a particular industry, and if a particular firm covered by the pattern had already given only a 10-cent general increase since August 18, 1945, the maximum additional adjustment approvable would be six cents. There would not normally be offset, however, adjustments to individual job classifications to eliminate intra-plant inequities, merit or length of service increases, so-called fringe adjustments (such as night shift differentials, paid holidays and paid vacations), or other non-basic adjustments.
The wage or salary stabilization agencies will determine in individual cases which post-V-J Day adjustments will be offset*
26* Q* HOW WILL THE NATIONAL WAGE STABILIZATION BOARD DETERMINE WHETHER A "GENERAL PATTERN" OF WAGE ADJUSTMENTS HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED IN A PARTICULAR INDUSTRY SINCE V-J DAY AND WHAT CONSTITUTES THE PATTERN?
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A* The answer to this question will depend on the particular circumstances presented and cannot be given by any rule of thumb» The Board will consider the adjustments actually made since V-J Day (unless they were only interim settlements with further adjustments contemplated), the extent to which they were made by companies which in the past have been wage leaders, and similar factors*
In some cases the dominant pattern will be found to have developed in terms of percentages, in other cases in cents per hour*
In determining what companies are to be considered as within the«pattem, primary regard will be given, in the absence of special circumstances, to the past practice of the particu* lar company in making wage adjustments»
27,	Q. HOT WILL THE NATIONAL WAGE STABILIZATION BOARD DETERMINE WHETHER A "GENERAL PATTERN»» OP WAGE ADJUSTMENTS HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED IN A PARTICULAR LOCAL LABOR MARKET AREA SINCE V-J DAY AND WHAT CONSTITUTES THE PATTERN?
A* This question again cannot be answered by a rule of thumb* The Board will examine the pattern of actual adjustments in the area involved* In determining what companies are to be considered as within the pattern, primary regard, again, will be given to past practices in making wage adjustments* Thus a particular locality pattern will ordinarily be limited to a particular industry or group of related industries iHthin the locality* Only rarely have wage adjustments in all industries in a locality followed each other so closely as to justity a decision that all such industries are to be considered as related and included within the same pattern*
28.	Q. HOW WILL THE NATIONAL WAGE STABILIZATION BOARD DETERMINE WHAT CONSTITUTES A »»GROSS INEQUITY»» IN WAGE RATES AS BETWEEN RELATED INDUSTRIES?
A* Again no rule of thumb can be stated* The Board will have first to decide whether the two industries in question can be considered to be related. One type of relationship would be reflected in Buch factors as the similarity or interdependence of products, or management or union identity* Another type of relationship would be a similarity of wage rate structures or a parallelism of job classifications even between two industries selling their products in different markets. A geographical relationship may also be relevant.
The Board must also determine whether a particular disparity in wage rates or wage adjustments as between related industries constitutes a »»gross inequity.” This determination will call for the Weighing of a variety of factors. Consideration will be given to the , except to which the take-home pay of employees in the respective industries has been reduced as a result of the transition to a peacetime economy*
29.	Q. HOT WILL THE NATIONAL WAGE STABILIZATION BOARD DETERMINE WHAT CONSTITUTES A «GROSS INEQUITY" IN WAGE RATES AS BETWEEN RELATED PLANTS IN THE SAME INDUSTRY- OR LOCALITY OR AS BETWEEN RELATED JOB CLASSIFICATIONS IN THE SAME PLANT?
As- Standards for deciding these questions have been developed under previous executive orders and are well-established.
30.	Q. HOT DOES THE NEW COST-OF-LIVING STANDARD DIFFER FROM THE COST OF LIVING STANDARD IN THE PREVIOUS EXECUTIVE ORDER?
A. Under the previous executive order increases were approved only to the extent that the increase in average straight time hourly earnings in the appropriate unit since January 1, 1941, had fallen short of 33 percent. The new executive order provides for approval of increases in basic wage or salaxy rates if hourly rates in the appropriate unit have not risen 33 percent since January 1, 1941» The application of this standard in the case of employees on other than hourly rates, suchas piecework, will be worked out by the National Wage Stabilization Board on a case-ty-case basis»
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31.	Q. WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE NEW COST-OF-LIVING STANDARD?
A. The cost-of-living standard will be-the principal basis for approval of wage or salary increases for employees in Industries in which no pattern of adjustment was established between August 18, 1945, and February 14, 1946, and which are not found to be related to any industry in which such a pattern was established.
32.	Q. HOW WILL THE STANDARD WHICH PROVIDES FCR APPROVAL. OF WAGE OR SALARY INCREASES NECESSARY TO CORRECT SUBSTANDARDS OF LIVING BE APPLIED?
A. Increases up to 55 cents per hour.were givèn advance approval under the old executive order. Increases up to 65 cents an hour have been approved in individual cases. The National Wage Stabilization Board will determine the extent to which approval of increases to correct substandards of living should hereafter be given in advance or on a case-by-case basis.
The Board will continue to approve adjustments necessary to maintain proper differentials between related job classifications after “substandard* increases have been made.
33.	Q/ WHY'DO THE NEW REGULATIONS STILL PROVIDE FOR APPROVAL Of WAGE OR SALARY INCREASES CONFORMING TO THE WARTIME WAGE STANDARDS AS ADMINISTERED BEFORE AUGUST 18, 1945?
A. The wartime standards are largely superseded by the new standards. However, these standards were developed in great detail and made provision for a variety of special problems, such as fringe adjustments, merit increases, bonus plans, correction of intraplant inequities and the like, which may still arise. In many of these cases, the old standards are still appropriate.
34.	Q, DO THE NEW STANDARDS FOR APPROVAL APPLY TO ALL WAGE AW SALARY INCREASES?
A. No, Since V-J Day, direc twage controls have been maintained over wage adjustments in the building and construction industry and the standards for approval of wage increases in that industry have remained as they were prior to V-J Day. Special considerations affecting wage levels in the building and construction industiy have been recognized throughout the stabilization program as joking necessary the use of special standards for approval of wage adjustments.
The Wage Adjustment Board, which includes employer and employee représentât! ves familiar with the structure and the problems of the building and construction industry, will continue to act on applications for approval of wage adjustments in that industry.
The wage and salary stabilization agencies also have authority, with the approval of the Economic Stabilization Director, to establish special standards for approval, which may be more restrictive than those specified in the Executive Order, if the need for establishing such standards should arise with respect to any other classes of cases.
35.	Q. WHY DO THE NEW EXECUTIVE ORDER AND REGULATIONS NOT REFER TO THE OLD «BOTTLENECK* STANDARD?
A, It is hot expected that special action will be necessary, under the new standards- of approval of wage increases, for the purpose of removing impediments to the recruitment of labor in “bottleneck* industri.es. . If this expectation should prove mistaken, any necessary action can be taken under the provision of the new executive order which authorizes the wage or salary stabilization agencies, with the approval of the Economic Stabilization-Director, to establish special standards for approval of wage or salary increases to be applied in particular industries or classes of cases.

36.	Q. HOT/ WILL THE NEW STANDARDS FOR APPROVAL OF SALARY INCREASES BE APPLIED BY THE SALARY STABILIZATION UNIT?
A. So far as practicable,-by issuance of general orders which will make applications for specific approval unnecessary. The Unit is now preparing a general regulation which will give advance approval to increases for most salaried employees corresponding to increases authorized by any “pattern” order issued by the National Wage Stabilization Board.
Cases which require special application will be decided by the Unit on the basis of standards similar to those applied by the National Wage Stabilization Board with respect to the wage or salary increases subject to its jurisdiction.
3^" Q. HOT DO THE NEW EXECUTIVE ORDER AND REGUJATTONS APPLY IN THE CASE OF EMPLOYERS WHO ARE NOT SUBJECT TO PRICE OR RENT CEILINGS?
A. The executive order and the regulations apply to wage or salary increases made by employers who are public utilities or. common carriers and by employers who furnish products or services under contract with federal procurement agencies* They also apply to increases made by employers subject to price or rent ceilings which are suspended. Employers who, at the time of making an increase, do not fall within any of these categories and are not now subject to price or rent ceilings may,'« of course, wish to protect theftselves against the possibility that making an unapproved increase will operate as a waiver at some future time if price or rent .ceilings in theLr industry or area should be restored. They can secure this protection by filing the statement referred to in the answer to Question 14*
3P. Q. ' HOW DO THE NEW-EXECUTIVE ORDER AND REGULATIONS APPLY IN THE CASE.’OF WAGE OR SALARY ’ INCREASES MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARBITRATION AWARDS OR RECOMMENDATIONS OF PUBLICLY-APPOINTED FACT-FINDING PANEJS, ANNOUNCED AFTER THE DATE OF THE ORDER?
A. The executive order provides that such increases must be approved by the appropriate, wage or salary stabilization agency before being put into effect, unless the employer is willing to waive any right to use the increase as a basis for seeking an increase in price or rent ceilings or utility rates or for ingreas^ng costs to the United States un^er a Government contract. The regulations, however, authorize the employer to file the statement referred to in the answer to Question 14, in lieu of such a waiver*
39. Q. WILL THE PROVISIONS OF THE NEW ORDER ANH REGULATIONS MAKE POSSIBLE THE EFFECTIVE STABILIZATION OF WAGES AND SAI,ARIES?
A. The best judgment of the stabilization agencies is that they will*
The President’s executive order and the regulations provide unqualifiedly that unapproved wage or salary increases may not, for the duration or the stabilization laws, be reflected in higher prices or in higher costs under Government contracts*
Through the issuance of pattern orders for particular industrier, or particular industries within a Ideality, definite limits to the amount of approved increases, known to all parties, will be established. These limits will cover a steadily increasing number of employees.
In cases in which these limits have not been made known by general order, the provisions for prior approval, where the increase is to be used as a basis for an immediate application for price relief, will make possible clear understanding of the stabilization limits before the increase is made.
The new standards of approval are fair to employees and will be fairly administered. In these circumstances labor can reasonably be asked to accept these standards as measuring the extent to which wage and salary increases can be permitted to affect prices, so long as the need for the stabilization laws continues*
1U
Sems WfSTftMS vmf MfSWFRS
Employers’ Applications for Price Relief
kO. Q. MAY OPA ADVISE AN EMPLOYER WHO IS ENGAGED IN WAGE NEGOTIATIONS WHAT PRICE INCREASE HE MIGHT BE ENTITLED TO IP HE SHOULD MAKE A CERTAIN WAGE INCREASE AND SECURE APPROVAL OF IT?	Y
A» No« If OPA is to achieve its objective of speeding production wherever this can be done by prompt and fair price adjustments, OPA must not become entangled in wage nego-
• tiations. If OPA gave advance opinions to employers, it would quickly find itself a third party • and in the middle - in almost every wage bargain in the nation," This would destroy both orderly collective bargaining and fair and effective price administration, OPA, of course, will always be glad to tell employers which pricing standards are applicable to their cases«
41* Q. WOULD THE ANSWER TO THE ABOVE QUESTION BE DIFFERENT IF THE EMPLOYER HAD AGREED TO A PARTICULAR WAGE INCREASE, BUT HAD NOT YET SECURED APPROVAL OF IT?
A, No, However, pending approval of a wage increase for which application has been made, an employer or his industry can present the facts to OPA, and OPA cap then take steps to expedite action on the application as soon as the wage increase has been approved, In advance of approval of wage increase, however, OPA can neither authorize a price increase nor determine or discuss how much it might amount to.
42, Q. IF AN EMPLOYER HAS MADE AN APPROVED WAGE INCREASE OR HAS APPLIED TO A WAGE STABILIZATION AGENCY FOR APPROVAL, HOW SHOULD HE APPLY FOR A PRICE INCREASE?
A. He nay write to OPA directly, requesting consideration of an increase in the ceilings of the products which his industry makes. If OPA believes that price action may be neces sary in his industry, it will immediately consult with the advisory\committee appointed for that industry before making final price determinations. If an industry advisory committee has not been appointed for that industry, OPA will act quickly to appoint one and consult with it before making final price determinations unless some other more expeditious method of industry consultation can be obtained. It will take interim action without awaiting the action by the committee, if this appears necessary. Moreover, OPA will advise the employer if he is eligible for individual price relief.
43.	Q. DOES OPA ALREADY HAVE INDUSTRY ADVISORY COMMITTEES IN MOST INDUSTRIES?
A, Yes. OPA has organized 623 industry advisory committees«-
15
44.	Q. MY AN EMPLOYER, WHO HAS MADE AN APPROVED WAGE INCREASE APPLY FOR PRICE RELIEF UNDER A REGULATION COVERING HIS PRODUCTS WHICH AUTHORIZES CEILING PRICE ADJUSTMENTS FOR INDIVIDUAL SELLERS?
A. Yes. However, OPAwill give industry price actions priority over individual pfiee actions, except when the latter are being used in place of necessary industry-wide actions or when they are required to meet a supply emergency or to encourage the production of low-priced products» Price relief can be extended to a large number of sellers sore promptly through a single industry-wide action than through a large number of individual actions»
The Basis of OPA Action
45.	Q. DORS THE FACT THAT AN EMPLOYER HAS MADE AN APPROVED WAGE INCREASE ASSURE HIM THAT HE WILL SECURE A PRICE INCREASE?
A» No» Many employers will require no price increase whatever» OPA has always expected manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers to absorb cost increases to the extent of their capacity to do so without assuming an unreasonable burden» Without such cost absorption, effective price control would be impossible, since every price increase would lead to.a succession of further increases, thereby setting -the inflationary cost-price spiral in motion»
46.	Q. HOW DOES OPA DETERMINE WHETHER AN EMPLOYER IS REASONABLY ABLE TO ABSORB AN APPROVED WAGE INCREASE WITHOUT A PRICE INCREASE?
A» OPA has developed standards to determine when prices must be increased as a consequence’ of cost increases or other developments which decrease earnings. These standards are generally applied on an industry basis. However, the regulations covering many commodities also authorize individual seller-adjustments.
47.	Q. IN VIEW OF THE NUMBER OF CASES LIKELY TO ARISE UNDER THE NSW WAGE-PRICE POLICY, HOW WILL OPA ASSURE SPEEDY ACTION IN APPLYING ITS STANDARDS GOVERNING PRICE RELIEF?
A. In addition to giving priority to indust ry-wi'de hardship oases, OPA is developing a number of short-cuts in procedure, such as»
(1)	Analysis and adjustment of most recently available data to determine current earnings position, in preference to a new accounting survey.
(2)	Where a new survey is unavoidable, using a streamlined sample and survey form, requesting answers by telegram where possible.
(3)	Where the complexity or major importance of an industry makes more extended study necessary, a rough-cut interim action may be taken on a conservative basis to afford relief, pending further study.
(4)	.Where the size of company, type df product and relative unimportance in relation to the total economy permit automatic pricing by a simple formula, provision will be made for self-computation and filing of new prices in the Regional Offices.
OPAwill also continue to follow its decontrol policy wherever possible to cut down the number of industries and products subject to price ceilings.

OPA’s Industry Earnings Standard
1+84 Q. WHEN DOES OPA’S BASIC STANDARD GOVERNING PRICE INCREASES, THE "INDUSTRY EARNINGS STANDARD," REQUIRE OPA TO INCREASE AN INDUSTRY’S CEILINGS?
A. Opa is required to increase ceiling prices for an industry whenever the prices of all its products will not enable the industry to earn the same rate of return, before income taxes, on its present net worth which it averaged on its net worth in a representative peacetime period — usually 1956-59» For example, an industry which is now earning much more on its net worth than it earned in its base period may be well able to pay an approved wage increase and still have a higher rate of earnings than it had in 1926-59« For such an industry, and they are in the majority, no increase would be required under the industry earnings standards. This is not a new standard. It has been used since 1942.
1+9. ’ Q. DOES THE INDUSTRY EARNINGS STANDARD MEAN THAT AN INDUSTRY WILL NOT BE ALLOWED TO EARN MORE THAN IT AVERAGED IN 1936-59 ?
A. No* The use of the industry’s 1956-59 average profits in the standard has always provided a floor rather than a ceiling for industry profits. Under price control most industries have consistently earned far more than they averaged in 1936-59»
50.	Q. DOES THE- PRESIDENT’S EXECUTIVE ORDER REQUIRE OPA TO USE ITS INDUSTRY EARNINGS STANDARD IN DECIDING WHETHER AN INDUSTRY WHICH HAS MADE AN APPROVED WAGE INCREASE IS IN HARDSHIP REQUIRING PRICE RELIEF?
A. Yes. The Order directs OPA to grant price adjustments to any industry not operating at temporary low volume which, as a result of an approved wage or salary increase, would not earn an average rate of profit equal, as nearly as may be, to the rate of-return which the industry earned in its peacetime base period. The amount of the adjustment must be sufficient to enable the industry to average this earnings rate over the twelve months following the adjustment, except under exceptional circumstances. Moreover, the industry’s ceilings must not leave it in a current over-all loss position*
How Will OPA Appraise the Earnings Prospects of Industries?
51.	Q. . Executive Order 9328 of April 8, 1943 (8 F.R* 4681), Executive Order 9599 of August 18, 1945 (10 F.R. 10155), Executive z Order 9651  (a) The appropriate wage or salary stabilization agency shall have authority by regulation or general order to designate particular industries, or particular industries or related industries within a particular local labor market area, with respect to which it finds that a general pattern of wage or salary adjustments has been established, within the meaning of Section 303, or that a specified wage or salary level is necessary to eliminate a gross inequity between wage rates or salaries in related industries or in related plants in the same industry or locality, within the meaning of Section 304, and to provide that any wage or salary increase conforming to such regulation or general order shall be deemed to be approved.
(b)	No wage or salary increase or part thereof which is made by an employer who falls within the terms of a regulation or general order issued pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section and which is in excess of the amount approved by such regulations or order shall be approved under any other provision of this regulation, except Section 306 or Section 307, unless the appropriate wage or salary stabilization agency finds, with*the approval of the Economic- Stabilization Director, that because of special circumstances such approval is necessary to effectuate the purposes of Executive Order 9697.
(c)	The appropriate wage or salary stabilization agency may, with the approval of the Economic Stabilization Director, give advance approval by regulation or general order to other classes of wage or salary increases.
Section 309> Agreements for conditional wage or salary increases. No. wage or salary stabilization agency shall consider or act upon an application for approval of any wage or salary increase which appears to be conditioned in whole or in part upon the granting of an increase in price or rent ceilings. This provision, however, shall not be a bar to consideration of an increase which is conditioned upon approval by the appropriate wage or salary stabilization agency nor of an increase which is not to be put into effect until a determination has been made by the Office of Price Administration as to whether an increase in price or rent ceilings is required.
SUBPART D — EFFECT OF APPROVED WAGE OR SALARY INCREASES
Section 401* Effect of approved increases in determining price or rent ceilings. * .
(a)	In determining price or rent ceilings, the Price Administrator shall take into consideration, consistently with the provisions and purposes of Executive Order 9697, any wage or salary increase which is approved under the provisions of these regulations. In so doing, however, the Price Administrator shall exclude from consideration any retroactive part of any such increase — that is, any part paid on account of work done prior to the date when the zincrease was made, except where, in his judgment, different action is required in order to end a supply emergency with respect to the commodity involved which threatens to interfere with the effective transition to a peacetime economy.
(b)	Nothing in these regulations shall be construed as directing any increase in price or rent ceilings which is not recuired under the provisions of an applicable maximum price or rent regulation or under the applicable statutory or administrative standards governing changes in price or rent ceilings, including the standards provided for in Section 2 of Executive Order 9697.
Section 402. Prohibition against adjustment of price or rent ceilings before approved increase has been put into effect or agreed to. Except to the extent permitted in Section 403, the Price Administrator shall not, in the absence of specific approval by the Economic Stabilization Director, authorize any increase in price or rent ceilings or make any commitment to authorize any such increase on the basis of any increase in wages or salaries unless such wage
2?
or salary increase has been put into effect or a firm agreement exists to put it into effect. However, in order to expedite adjustment of ceilings after approved increases have been put into effect, the Price Administrator may, while an application for approval of a wage or salary increase is pending, receive applications for increased ceilings based on the wage or salary increase for which approval is being sought.
Section 403. Industry price increases when some employers in industry have not made wage or salary increases. In taking action in accordance with the pricing standards of Section 2 of Executive Order 9697 or of any orders or directives issued by the Economic Stabilization Director pursuant thereto, the Price Administrator may find it necessary from time to time to arrive at a judgment with respect to the earnings position, over the succeeding 12 months, of an industry in which a part, but not all, of the firms have put approved wage or salary increases into effect or have made firm agreements to do so. In such a case,not only is the Price Administrator authorized to take into account any resulting increase in cost to the firms which have taken such action but, where he finds that such firms constitute a large portion of the industry (ordinarily representing at least one-half the total output) and that. like wage or salary increases appear reasonably sure to be made by a large portion of the remaining firms in the near future, he may also take into account the increase in cost which he believes likely to result from those future wage Increases, when, in his judgment, to do so would promote effective price administration. %ere the Price Administrator finds that a portion of the firms in an industry have taken such action with respect to approved wage or salary increases and additional firms are reasonably certain to do so, but where he cannot make the finding required by the preceding sentence, he may riot, without the express approval of the Economic Stabilization Director, take into present account such wage or salary increases as may thereafter be made and approved, but he may make whatever provision appears to him just and practicable (e.g., by establishing two levels of ceiling prices; by authorizing individual adjustments, or by prescribing increase factors) td accord price relief, where needed, to those firms which have put approved wage or salary increases into effect or have made firm agreements to do so and to facilitate the granting of price relief on a like basis to those other firms which may thereafter take such wage or salary action.
Section 404. Use of estimates as to effect of approved wage or salary increases on costs. The Price Administrator shall arrive at a judgment as to the effect on costs currently or for the succeeding 12 months of an approved wage or salary increase on the basis of the best data which may be in hand or obtainable from the industry or firm involved within a reasonably short period of time. In so doing, he shall give due consideration to such seasonal, nonrecurring, temporary, or otherwise non-representative factors as may be reflected in such data and also to such relevant factors as he may find have been operative since the period covered by the data, or may be operative in the succeeding 12 months, which indicate that the actual cost of the wage or salary increase is then, or over the latter period will be, higher or lower than the estimates of costs which would otherwise be derived from the data. In appropriate cases, the Price Administrator shall provide for the subsequent review of any adjustment in ceilings put into effectjin the light of actual experience during a representative period of operations subsequent to the*increase.
Section 405. Effect of approved increases in determining posts to the United States. In the case of products or services being furnished under contract with a federal procurement agency, such agency may take into consideration, on the same basis as other factors affecting costs, any wage or salary increase which is approved under the provisions of these regulations: Provided, however, that no wage or salary increase which was made on or before February 13, 1946, and was unapproved on that date^ shall be a basis for reimbursement under such a contract unless the procurement agency administering the contract finds that reimbursement is necessary to prevent hardship. Nothing in these regulations, however, shall be construed as authorizing or requiring any increase in costs to the United States which is not required by the applicable procurement contract.
Section 406. Increased costs to the United States to be limited to employers ^o have Instituted wage or salary increases. To the fullest practicable extent federal procurement a gent?, le a aha IT provide that no employer shall be eligible for the benefits of any increase in payments by the united States based upon an approved wage or salary increase except to the extent to which he himself has put into effect such wage or salary increase«
(E.0# 9250: E.0. 9328, 3 F.R. Cum. pp. 1213, 1267; E.O. 9599 (1Ó F.R. 1O155)> E.0. 9620 (10 Fja. 12033); E.0. 9651 (10 FJU 13W; E.o. 9697 (11 F.R. 1691) and E.0. 9699 (H FJU 1929).
March 8, 19^6	Chester Bowles,
Economic Stabilization Director
SO
INDEX TO
SUPPLEMENTARY WAGE AND SALARY REGULATIONS
SECTION
Advance Approval of Wage or Salary Increases •	*301, 308
Agencies, wage or salary stabilization................• ••••••••• 104
Agricultural wage or .salary increases. ...... .\................103(c)	301
Approval of wage or salary increases on application^..........••••	302 - 307
Building and construction industry wage increases ............. 103(b),	301
Commissioner of Internal Revenue .....................",...........  .104(2)
Common carriers, effect of unapproved wage or salary increases on. • . • • • .£01, 202
Conditional wage or salary increases • ..................... ..........	309
Construction industry wage increases ... ...................... 103(b),	301
Cost of living wage or" salary increases. • • • • \. ..................  305
Davis-Bacon Act......................................................    106
Economic Stabilization Director. . • • • 103(g), 104(3), 302, 308(b), 308(c), 402, 403
Eight or fewer employees •••••••••...................................    301
Fair Labor Standards Act •••••••••.....................................	106
General orders giving advance approval to wage or salary increases •••••• .308(c)
Government .recommendations in wage disputes.......................	.301(b)
Gross inequities ••••••••.•••• ....................... • 304, 308(a), 308(b)
Holiday pay. •••• .......... •••••••••...• •••••••••. .301(d)
Increased cost to the United States due to approved wage or salary increases ..................... ••••• ................. ••••••••••	*405, 406
Increased cost to the United States due to unapproved wage or salary increases......................................      ...••••••	201, 202, 204
Increased rates for* public utilities or common carriers due to unapproved wage or salary increases ......... ••••••• .401, 402, 403, 404
Increases consistent with Industry pattern	303, 308(a), 308(b)
Increases consistent with local area patterns. ... ...... 303,	308(a), 308(b)
Increases in price or rent ceilings due to unapproved wage or salary increases..................................................    203
Increases in price or rent ceilings due to approved wage or salary increases ................................................401,	402, 403, 404
Increases made before February 14, 1946. • ........... ....••••••••	301 (a)
Increases made before March 15, 1946 • *•••.•• .............. «••••••••	201
Increases to adjust for increased cost of living (approvable). •«•••••*•• 305
Increases made on or after February 14, 1946 ...........••••••	201, 202, 301
Increases to comply with Fair Labor Standards Act and Minimum Wage Laws..106
Increases to correct gross inequities.	304, 308(a), 308(b)
Increases to correct substandards of living. •	306
Increases which must be approved by stabilization agencies • •••••«••.•• 301
Industry wage patterns	.............. 303, 308(a), 308(b)
Institution of wage or salary increases without prior approval ...... • .201, 202
Lawful wage or salary increases. •••••• . ••••••••*••••• 103
Local area wage patterns •	.303, 308(a),308(b)
31
SECTION
National Wage Stabilization Board . . •••• ...................... .104(1)
New Departments, wage rates •	..............., , , . .103(e)
New plants, wage rates.	.103(e)
Nightshift differentials.	....... ........ .301(d)
Price ceilings, waiver of right to seek increases...............................	.201, 202
Pri ce ceilings, effect of unapproved wage’ or salary increase. ..................... 203
Price ceilings, effect of approved wage or salary increases . . , .401, 402, 403, 404
Price ceilings suspended. ......	  105
Public Utilities, effect of unapproved wage or salary increases ...... .201, 202
Rare and unusual’cases...........................................................  308(c)
Reduction of price or rent ceilings, effect of unapproved.wage or salary increase. ........................................................ 201, 202
Salary Stabilization Agencies. . . .................................................  104
Secretary of Agriculture........................................103(c), 104(4)
Steel industry, intra-plant inequity adjustments ..............................    103(d)
Substandard of living increases...................................................   .306
Suspended price or rent ceilings • • • . • . ♦ , . . . . ; . ; . , ; . . . , . . .105
Unapproved wage or salary Increases. ....................... 201, 202, 203, 204
Unlawful wage or salary increases,	,103(b)(c)(d)(eXf ).
Vacation payments. ....... ............................. .	............ ..... 301(d)
Wage or salary patterns.	.................. ..... .303, 304, 308
Wage or salary rates for new departments .......................... ...............103(e)
Wage or salary rates for new plants.-. ..........................................  103(e)
Wage Stabilization Agencies.	.................104
Waiver of rights to seek increased price or rent ceilings, utility or carrier
rates, costs to the United States, to resist leper ceilings, . .* . . 201, 202
Walsh-Healey Act	.................... ............. .106
y-