[Principal Federal Sources of Hydrologic Data] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov] Q fé oc o o 2 « 2 u At W M P Ö o ta ij 2 E-»! 2 Technical Paper Number 10 PRINCIPAL FEDERAL SOURCES HYDROLOGIC DATA By The Special Advisory Committee on Hydrologic Data of the Water Resources Committee, N. R. P. B. May 1943 This document is one of a series of technical papers supplementing the reports of the National Resources Planning. Board. The contents of these papers are the sole responsibility pi the authors and do not necessarily bear the endorsement of the National Resources Planning Board PRINCIPAL FEDERAL SOURCES OF HYDROLOGIC DATA May 1943 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE • WASHINGTON : 1943 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington D. C. - - - - Price 20 cents EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT NATIONAL RESOURCES PLANNING BOARD WASHINGTON, D. C. May 5, 1943 Mr. Frederic A. Delano Chairman, National Resources Planning Board Washington, D. C. My Dear Mr. Delano: We submit herewith a report on Principal Federal Sources of Hydrologic Data, During the past ten years, there has been a rapid expansion in the number and complexity of Federal and State programs related to flood control, land use, forest management, drought relief, erosion prevention, silt control, pollution abatement, and other types of public works. To all of these, an adequate foundation of hydrologic data Is Indispensable for planning purposes. Through its previous reports on Deficiencies in Basic Hydrologic Data and Deficiencies in Hydrologic Research, this Committee has endeavored to guide the development, of the facilities for collection and dissemination of hydrologic data by Federal agencies. Until now there has been no systematic attempt to catalogue the extensive data which have been assembled and which are of much value to those engaged in planning, construction and operation of many types of public works, as well as to those engaged in hydrologic or technical research in various fields. While it is impracticable under current national conditions to prepare an exhaustive report covering all materials available, the report presented is substantially complete and Includes either reference to the sources and availability of hydrologic data collected by Federal agencies, or Indicates the sources to which pertinent inquiry may be directed. This compendium is especially timely, as it is a useful and valuable reference to those who prepare plans for post-war projects and programs for water control, land use, and watershed development. The Water Resources Committee and its Special Advisory Committee on Hydrologic Data have reviewed and heartily endorse this report, and recommend its publication as a Technical Paper. For the Water Resources Committee, B. M. Woods, Chairman Water Resources Committee (Other Members of the Water Resources Committee shown on following page.) I Members of the Water Resources Committee Carleton P. Barnes Associate Coordinator Office of Land Use Coordination Department of Agriculture W. W. Horner Consulting Engineer 803 Shell Building St. Louis, Missouri Leland Olds Chairman, Federal Power Commission Washington, D. C. John C. Page Commissioner of Reclamation Bureau of Reclamation Department of the Interior Washington, D. C. Glenn L. Parker Chief Hydraulic Engineer U. S. Geological Survey Department of the Interior Washington, D. C. T. B. Parker Chief Engineer Tennessee Valley Authority Knoxville, Tennessee Maj. Gen. Eugene Reybold Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army War Department Washington, D. C. Thorndike Saville Dean, College of Engineering New York University New York, N. Y. R. E. Tarbett Sanitary Engineer Director U. S. Public Health Service Washington, D. C. E. H. Wiecking Land Use Coordinator Office of Land Use Coordination Department of Agriculture Washington, D. C. Baldwin M. Woods (Chairman) Director of University Extension University of California Berkeley, California II PRINCIPAL FEDERAL SOURCES OF HYDROLOGIC DATA Contents Page Preface Introduction 1 Sources of Available Data 3 Consumptive Use 3 Droughts 4 Erosion 5 Evaporation 6 Evaporation Observations at Experimental Areas 9 Floods 10 Ground Water Observations 13 Hail 15 Humidity 15 Ice (Rivers and Harbors) 16 Infiltration 17 Lysimeters and Tanks 18 Plots 18 Precipitation 19 Chemical Quality of Water 22 River and Lake Stages 23 Tides 24 Runoff 24 Sedimentation 25 Suspended Load 27 Snow 30 Soil Moisture 32 Solar Radiation and Sun Spots 33 Storms 33 Stream Flow 35 Air Temperature 37 Soil Temperature 38 Water Temperature 38 Terraces 39 Wind 39 Bibliographies 40 Appendix A 43 Experimental Areas, Watersheds, Forests and Demonstration Projects 43 Location of Departmental Field Offices 71 Appendix B 73 Time Standards for Recording Hydrologic Data 73 III FOREWORD This is the third in a series of reports on hydrologic data published by the Board. The first, published in 1936, was entitled Deficiencies in Hydrologic Data; the second, in 1940, was titled Deficiencies in Hydrologic Research. Both of these earlier reports pioneered in bringing together and relating the programs of the many Federal agencies concerned in the collection, recording and publication of hydrologic data which are fundamental requisites for planning and operating projects for the control or use of our water resources. In 1941, the Special Advisory Committee on Hydrologic Data was reconstituted to bring up to date its earlier works, taking into account the phenomenal progress which had been made since 1935. The outbreak of the war resulted in this work being stopped with the exception of that related to the material contained herein, which under normal circumstances would have been Included as a part of the full report. It is reproduced here because of its unusual value as an aid to those concerned with the preparation of plans for post-war development. IV PRINCIPAL FEDERAL SOURCES OF HYDROLOGIC DATA INTRODUCTION The need for a reference showing the sources and availability of basic hydrologic data for the use of engineers and hydrologists, especially the various scientific and technical groups engaged in research and in public works construction, has long been recognized. This compilation of the principal Federal sources of hydrologic data has been prepared to supply this need. The limitation to "Federal” sources was, in effect, dictated by the wide range of subject matter to be considered, and by the practically impossible task of covering the field if all agencies other than Federal were to be canvassed adequately. The original material for this compendium was compiled during 1941 by an Informal committee composed of Merrill Bernard, Weather Bureau; J. N. Davidson, Research Division, Soil Conservation Service; Gall A. Hathaway, U. S. Engineer Department, Corps of Engineers; W. G. Hoyt, Water Resources Branch, Geological Survey; I. H. Sims, Division of Forest Influences, Forest Service; assisted by others in various agencies. At the suggestion of this informal committee, the Water Resources Section of the National Resources Planning Board mimeographed a preliminary draft of the report and sent it for review and comment to about 500 Interested agencies and individuals. An unusually high percentage of replies was received. Mr. C. H. Pierce, Water Resources Branch, Geological Survey, examined the comments, and made pertinent changes and additions to the original draft where desirable. In its present form the report is essentially complete as of March 1942. Some data listed herein are not available to be furnished by the collecting agencies. A substantial proportion of these data is not published, and in some cases the data are not organized in such form that thè Federal agencies will be able to send copies out of their offices. However, in all cases, the data are available either on request, or through examination of the original chart forms at the field station by the interested person. It is the hope of the Water Resources Committee that any Federal agency which collects hydrologic data not shown herein, will make known the availability of such information, either to the National Resources Planning Board 1 2 National Resources Planning Board or to the agency which is generally considered to be the primary Federal source of such data. Included in Appendix B is a brief report prepared by the Water Resources Committee of the National Resources Planning Board, dated January 21, 1943, entitled Time Standards Used By Federal Agencies For Observing, Recording, And Publishing Hydro logic Data As Affected By Transition From Standard Time To War Time On February 9, 1942. Many public and university libraries serve as depositories of Federal publications. Access to many of the records referred to herein may be had at such places. SOURCES OF AVAILABLE DATA CONSUMPTIVE USE1 Reports of Investigations The State agricultural experiment stations, Division of Irrigation of the Soil Conservation Service, and the Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, have had as one of the main objectives in their irrigation experimental work the determination of the irrigation water requirements of various crops, and the plant responses under different climatic and soil conditions. In addition, the Bureau of Reclamation, engineering committees, and others have made observations, studies, and experiments covering broad irrigated areas. A bibliography of the results of many of these studies is published in the report, Regional Planning, Part VI: Upper Rio Grande, by the National Resources Committee, February 1938, pp. 425 to 427, wherein are given 86 references to published and unpublished articles and reports. A paper entitled "Consumptive Use of Water for Agriculture" by Robert L. Lowry and Arthur Johnson, Proc. Am. Soc. C. E. , April 1941, outlines in detail, tank, plot, and field experiments on consumptive use and summarizes results of accumulated studies by the Bureau of Reclamation since 1920. U. S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 846, Natural Vater Loss in Selected Drainage Basins presents the results of computations of annual water loss in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. A report by the Division of Irrigation, Soil Conservation Service, to the National Resources Planning Board, on "Consumptive Water Use and Requirements", Is included as Part III, Section 3, of The Pecos River Joint Investigation: Reports of The Part i c ip at ing Agencies. The Division of Irrigation has made observations and studies of the consumptive use of water by native vegetation in Western States for many years, and a report on Use of Vater by Native Vegetation, summarizing the results, has been published by the Department of Public Works of the State of California, Division of Water Resources, (Bull. No. 50). 1 See also: Lysimeters, p. 18. 3' 53S373 0- 43-2 4 National Resources Planning Board DROUGHTS Weather Bureau The Weather Bureau in its Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin describes general deficiencies in precipitation and discusses the effect on soil moisture and general range and farming activities. Geological Survey The Geological Survey in collaboration with the Dominion Water and Power Bureau issues monthly, through the Interior Department, the Water Resources Review, summarizing water conditions throughout the United States and Canada. The Review contains a map on which are delineated current drought areas and discussion of drought severity. For all outstanding droughts the Geological Survey publishes reports in its series of water-supply papers describing the climatic features and the effect of the droughts on water supplies and human activities. Soil Conservation Service The Climatic and Physiographic Division, Soil Conservation Ser vice, has completed a study, now in press, of the areal distribution and length of annual and seasonal droughts of 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year frequencies in the United States. Another study applies the theory of probability to rainfall occurrences at selected stations in the United States and provides data on the probability, within given intervals of days, of the occurrence of rainfall in excess of specified amounts. The Drainage Division, Soil Conservation Service, has prepared a map showing an index of moisture deficiency for that part of the United States east of the 100th meridian. Tennessee Valley Authority The Tennessee Valley Authority makes investigations of droughts in and adjacent to the Tennessee Valley region. These include climatic conditions during the drought period and particularly take up the effect of each drought on agriculture, industries, water supply, navigation, power development and other uses. The results are summarized in the monthly bulletin, Precipita tion in the Tennessee River Basin. 5 Sources of Hydrologic Data International Boundary Commission Water Bulletins issued annually by the U. S. International Boundary Commission contain graphs showing the magnitude, frequency, and duration of all droughts that have occurred along the Devils River in Texas during the last 100 years; similarly, all droughts in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas since 1871. EROSION2 Experimental Areas Experimental areas or forests on which observations of soil loss are made by the Soil Conservation Service or by the Forest Service are as follows:3 Globe, Ariz. Garden City, Kans. Marcellus, N. Y. Batesville, Ark. Hays, Kans. Asheville, N. C. Mena, Ark. Baton Rouge, La. Raleigh, N. C. Berkeley, Calif. Ft. Fairfield, Me. Coshocton, Ohio Fresno, Calif. College Park, Md. Zanesville, Ohio Glendora, Calif. East Lansing, Mich. Mayaguez, Puerto Rico North Fork, Calif. Holly Springs, Miss. Clemson, S. Car. 0’Neale, Calif. State College, Miss. Amarillo, Tex. San Bernardino, Calif. Bethany, Mo. Dalhart, Tex. Woodland Park, Colo. McCredle, Mo. Spur, Tex. Watkinsville, Ga. North Platte, Nebr. Temple, Tex. Idaho City, Idaho Durham, N. H. Tyler, Tex. Moscow, Idaho Beemerville, N. J. Waco, Tex. Aberdeen, Idaho Marlboro, N. J. Ephraim, Utah Dixon Springs, Ill. Mexican Springs, N.Mex. Farmington, Utah Urbana, Ill. Geneva, N. Y. Burlington, Vt. La Fayette, Ind. Hammondsport, N. Y. Pullman, Wash. Clarinda, Iowa Ithaca, N. Y. La Crosse, Wis. Observation of silt loss for some of these areas are being published in a series of processed reports or in a progress report describing the results of several years of observations.4 Unpublished data on the rate of soil loss from frost heaving and stripping of crumb mulch have been collected from several plots in South Carolina by the Climatic and Physiographic Division, Soil Conservation Service. This division is also collecting detailed measurements on the rate of mass movement associated with slumping in eastern Ohio. See also ’•Sedimentation", p.25, and "Suspended Load Transportation", p.27. The addresses of these«stations are given in Appendix A, listing sources of data by states. See Appendix A, listing experimental areas for availability of data. 6 National Resources Planning Board EVAPORATION Weather Bureau The Weather Bureau is the principal source of information5 concerning evaporation from water surface in the United States and publishes records thereof in Climatological Data and in the Meteorological Yearbook. The following records are available at the office of the Weather Bureau In Washington, D. C., or for respective States at section centers. This information covers most of the standard evaporation records maintained by other agencies such as the Bureau of Reclamation, Geological Survey, Indian Service, and others, but does not in general Include evaporation studies at experimental areas. The availability of evaporation records at experimental areas are listed on pages 9 and 10. 5 U. S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 837, Inventory of Unpublished Hydrologic Data, pages 45 to 47, for list of standard and non-standard evaporation stations tained by various agencies. main- Evaporation Records1 State and stat ion Years of record State and stat ion Years 0 record r ALABAMA CALIFORNIA (Cont’d.) Fairhope ALASKA Fairbanks Matanuska ARIZONA Ajo Lees Ferry Marble Canyon Mesa Roosevelt Yuma (citrus) Yuma (valley) Tucson (u. of San Carlos Sierra Ancha Bartlett Dam Safford Sacaton Willcox ARKANSAS Ar.) 1918 to date 1928-1936 1929-1937, 1939 1918-1935 1921-1938 (May) 1938-(May)-1939 1916 to date 1916 to date 1920 to date 1916-1940 (June) 1929 to date 1930-1937 1936 to date 1940 (June) to date 1940 (oct.) to date 1917-1937 1917-1935 Camp Pardee (Valley Springs) Chula Vista Davis (u. of Cal.) Fai 1 River Mills Lod i Oakdale Friant Beaumont Dodgeland Don Pedro Dam (See NEVADA for Tahoe and COLORADO Akron Conejos Dam Fort Col 1 i ns Garnett (San Luis Vai leyj Summitville Wagon Wheel Gap Walden 1940 (May) to date 1918 to date 1933 to date 1925 to date 1930 to date 1918 to date 1939 to date 1939 to date 1918-1923 1936-1937 Boca) 1908-1920 1940 (May) to date 1887-1928 1927-1931 1940 (broken) record Aug.1919 to Oct.1924 1940 (Apr.) to date 1937 (broken) record Hope Mena Russellville Stuttgart 1937 to date 1939 to date 1937 to date 1937 to date DELAWARE Delaware Breakwater Reedy Island 1931-1933 1931-1933 CALIFORNIA Alvorado Backus Ranch (Mojave) 1924 to date 1936 to date DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA American Univ. 1915-1917 Places for which records of the Weather Bureau in of evaporation Washington, D from water surface are C. available at the office Sources of Hydrologie Data 7 Evaporation Records (Continued) State and Years of State and Years of Stat ion record Stat ion record FLORIDA MAINE West Palm Beach 1932-1938 Gardiner 1915 to date Moore Haven 1940 to date Moosehead Lake 1926 to date Belle Glade 1940 (Mar.) to date H ialeah 1940 (June) to date MASSACHUSETTS Hiawassee (Orlando) 1940 (Jan.) to date 1917-1918 Loxahatchee Seminole Indian Res. 1940 (July) to date Dorchester MICHIGAN (Big Cypress) 1940 (July) to date Tamiami Trail at Detroit 1937-1939 40-Mile Bend 1940 (June) to date Germfask 1940 (Mar.) to date GEORGIA MINNESOTA Experiment 1936 to date Dul uth 1937-1941 T i fton 1937 to date Centerville 1919-1927 Pine River reservoir 1930-1933 and HAWAI1 1935-1940 Hoaeae 1919-1937 MISSOURI Maunaw¡1 i 1920-1930 Pahala 1938 to date Columb ia 1916-1939 Waiauae 1939 to date Columbia #1 1916-1927 Columbia #2 1916-1926 IDAHO Lakeside 1931 to date Aberdeen Arrowrock 1935 to date 1916 to date Washington Univ, (st. Louis) 1938 to date Lifton Mil ner Dam 1935 to date 1927 to date MISSISSIPPI Mud Lake 1921-1929 V icksburg 1940 to date Moscow 1939 to date Deer Flat 1916-1926 MONTANA Jerome 1919-1931 Bozeman 1919 to date ILLINOIS Fort Peck 1935 to date Malta 1926 to date Lake Springfield Nelson Reservoir(Saco) 1921-1925 (Spaulding Dam) April 1941 to date Sherburne Lake 1933 to date INDIANA Sun River Canyon 1919-1925 Vai ier 1916 to date 1 nd i anapolis 1937 to date Wil low Creek 1919-1928 IOWA NEBRASKA Ames Cherokee Clarinda Iowa City 1933 to date 1937 to date 1938 to date 1937 to date Box Butte Bridgeport L incoln Mitchell 1938 to date 1931 to date 1917 to date 1917-1936; 1938 Milford (Lakeside Laboratory) 1939 to date North Platte A North Platte B to date 1907 to date KANSAS Kingsley Dam 1938 to date Manhattan 1925-1929; 1938 NEVADA to date Boulder City 1935 to date Hays 1907 to date Clay City 1926-1937 Lawrence 1916-1919 Fallon 1911 to date Tribune 1916 to date Lahontan 1925 to date Wichita 1918-1937 Lamo i11 e 1916 to date Marlette Lake 1916-1921 LOUISIANA Pahrump 1920-1925 Rye Patch Dam 1940 (Apr.) to date C rowley 1910 to date Boca, Cal if. Tahoe, Calif. 1940 (Aug.) to date 1916 to date Hackberry 1939 to date NEW JERSEY KENTUCKEY Canoe Brook 1931 to date (See TENNESSEE) Pleasantville Runyon 1937 to date 1923 to date 8 National Resources Planning Board Evaporation Records (Continued) State and stat ion Years of record State and stat ion Years of record NEW MEXICO Alamogordo Dam 1939 to date OREGON Corval 1 is 1917 to date Agri. College (Las Cruces) 1918 to date Fish Lake Medford 1922-1937 1937 to date Blakeley Ranch (French) 1929-1933 Moro 1920-1937 Conchas Dam Eagle Nest (t herma) 1936 to date 1929 to date Warm Springs Reservoir near Riverside 1927 to date Elephant Butte El Vado Dam Farmi ngton Florida 1916 to date 1936 to date 1914 to date 1938 to date PENNSYLVANIA Lake Wallenpaupack 1934 to date Frijoles Canyon (Bandol ier) 1940 (July) to date Pymatuning Dam Shaver Creek Experi- 1942 to date Gamerco 1922 to date ment station 1941 to date Jornada Experimental Range Los Greigos 1929 to date 1926-1931 PUERTO RICO Mayaguez 1941 to date Lake McMillan 1939 to date San Juan 1916 to date Las Vegas Navajo Experiment Stat ion Portales 1940 (Apr.) to date■ 1936 to date 1934 to date TENNESSEE Jefferson City (TVA) 1941 to date Roswell #2 Tucumcari 1939 to date 1913 to date Lock A (Neptune) (U.S.E.D.) 1936 to date Santa Fe Balmorhea, Tex. 1916-1933 1939 to date Lock 21 (Eadsville, Ky.) (U.S.E.D.) 1937 to date Ft. Stockton, Tex. 1940 (Apr.) to date Norris Dam (TVA) 1934 to date Grand Falls, Tex. 1939 to date Pickwick (TVa) 1935 to date Red Bluff, Tex. 1940 (Mar.) to date Savannah (tva) 1939 to date NEW YORK Buffalo 1937 to Sept. 1941 TEXAS Aust i n 1916 to date Caldwel1 1938 (broken) also 1939 1917 to date Dilley Laredo 1928 to date 1917-1918 Horton Lab..Voorheesville, (near Albany) Ysleta Denison Dam 1939 to date 1940 (Apr.) to date 1 thaca McKeever New York Univ. Stillwater Reservoir wanakena NORTH CAROLINA Beetree Dam (TVa) 1918 to date 1940 1935 to date (See NEW MEXICO for Balmorhea, Grand. Falls, Red Bluff, and Ft.stockton^ UTAH Bear River Midlake 1937 to date 1925-1929 Chapel Hill 1921 to date Mil ford 1925-1927 Lake Michie Murphy (TVA) 1927 to date 1934 to date Moon Lake 1940 (Sept.) Asheville? long record, but inactive now at Myton 1918 to date Nephi 1919-1937 least 18 years Piute Dam 1918 to date NORTH DAKOTA Dickinson 1907 to date Provo Salt Lake City Sevier Bridge Dam 1918-1926 1928-1933 1922-1932 Mandan 1914 to date Utah Lake 1923 to date OHIO Dayton Ohio State Univ. Wooster 1937 to date 1918 to date 1916 to date VIRGIN ISLANDS St. crois (Chrjst iansted) 1918 to date Charles Mill Dam Senecaville Dam 1940 (Jan.) to date 1940 (Jan.) to date WASHINGTON OKLAHOMA Lawton 1915 to date Lake Kachess L i nd 1917 to date 1938 to date Norman(univ. of Okla.) 1937 to date Prosser 1938 to date T i pton 1938 to date ' Wal la Wal la 1916 to date Woodward(Ft.Supply Dam) 1914 to date Wind River 1923 to date Sources of Hydrologic Data 9 Evaporation Records (Continued) State and Years of State and Years of station record station record WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN (Cont’d.) Clarksburg 1923 to date Trempealeau (Lock Wardensville 1939 to date and gam No> (May) to date WISCONSIN WYOMI NG Kewaunee 1937-1938 Marshfield 1939 (June) to date Cheyenne Hort. sta. 1938 to date Bureau of Reclamation In connection with the operation of the extensive irrigation projects throughout the West, the Bureau maintains evaporation stations In most of the Western States. The records collected are in general published by the Weather Bureau. A compilation of the records through 1923 was made by Ivan E. Houk and published in Trans. Am. Soc. Civil Eng. , vol. 90, 1927. Also see "Evaporation From Reservoir Surfaces", by Robert Follansbee, Trans. Am. Soc. Civil Engrs., vol. 99, pp. 704-715, 1934. International Boundary Commission Evaporation and transpiration losses in the Rio Grande watershed, and evaporation records from 17 stations on the Texas side of the Rio Grande watershed and from 19 stations on the Mexican side are contained in Water Bulletins issued annually by the United States International Boundary Commission. EVAPORATION OBSERVATIONS AT EXPERIMENTAL AREAS In connection with the hydrologic observations described in the Appendix A, observations of air temperature, wind movement, and evaporation from pans are made at experimental areas and forests as follows:6 Globe, Ariz. , Fullerton, Calif. San Jacinto, Calif. Mena, Ark. Glendora, Calif. Akron, Colo. Baldwin Park, Calif. North Fork, Calif. Fraser, Colo. Berkeley, Calif. Oceanside, Calif. Woodland Park, Colo. Elsinore, Calif. Pasadena, Calif. Idaho City, Idaho Fallbrook, Calif. San Bernardino, Calif. Priest River, Idaho Fresno, Calif. San Fernando, Calif. Colby, Kans. (Continued on page 10) 6 Inquiries, in general, should be addressed to the organizations listed in Appendix A. 10 National Resources Planning Board Experimental Areas and Forests (Continued) Garden City, Kans. Hays, Kans. Manhattan, Kans. East Lansing, Mich. Vicksburg, Miss. Havre, Mont. Huntley, Mont. Moccasin, Mont. Hastings, Nebr. North Platte, Nebr. Carlsbad, N. Mex. Mexican Springs, N. Mex, Tucumcari, N. Mex. Ithaca, N. Y. Truxton, N. Y. Asheville, N. C. Franklin, N. C. Dickinson, N. Dak< Mandan, N. Dak. Coshocton, Ohio Cherokee, Okla. Guthrie, Okla. Lawton, Okla. Woodward, Okla. Hermiston, Oreg. Pendleton, Oreg. Newell, S. Dak. Copperhill, Tenn. Amarillo, Tex. Big Spring, Tex. Dalhart, Tex. Fort Stockton, Tex Spur, Tex. Temple, Tex. Waco, Tex. Ephraim, Utah Farmington, Utah Archer, Wyo. Sheridan, Wyo. Soil Conservation Service The Climatic and Physiographic Division, Soil Conservation Service, is developing equipment to measure evaporation and transpiration from natural land surface. Results of experiments at Arlington Farms, Va., are available for 1939, and will be published. Values of the dally net loss of water from vegetation and soil of natural land surfaces will be made available by the use of this equipment. A report on the processes of moisture transfer between land surface and the atmosphere has been prepared for publication by the division. Evaporation investigations have been conducted by the Division of Irrigation, Soil Conservation Service, in several Western States for many years for the determination of the relative advantages of different types of evaporation pans and the ratio of pan evaporation to lake or reservoir evaporation. Results of Colorado studies have been published in U.S. Department of Agriculture, Tech. Bull. No. 271, Evaporation from Water Surfaces, by Carl Rohwer, and in Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. X, No. 5, "Evaporation from the Surfaces of Water and River-Bed Materials," by R. B. Sleight. Results of the California investigations are available and eventually will be published. Forest Service At some of its experimental areas the Forest Service measures the Interception of precipitation by the forest canopy. FLOODS Weather Bureau The Weather Bureau publishes currently in Monthly Weather Review a list of storms and floods and approximate damage resulting therefrom. For unusual Sources of Hydrologie Data 11 flood events more detailed data and analyses of meteorological events are published in supplements of the Monthly Weather Review. A list of all known flood stages with dates of occurrences, in chronological order, showing the frequency of floods at certain points on the principal rivers may be obtained from the Weather Bureau River District Centers. Through its forecast centers the Weather Bureau keeps currently informed as to meteorologic conditions, and through its river forecast district offices issues flood forecasts7 prior to and during flood events likely to cause loss of life or property damage. River states as observed by the Weather Bureau are published in Daily River Stages of the Principal Rivers of the United States, an annual publication. The records in these publications include many floods, and for reference give the flood stage at the observation points. Special studies of unusual storms are published by the Weather Bureau as supplements to Climatological Data. Geological Survey The Geological Survey, in connection with the operation of a Nationwide network of stream-gaging stations, collects continuous records of stage and discharge of all flood events at about 4,500 locations. These records are all published in the series of water-supply papers which also contain detailed descriptions of all outstanding floods. In the Water Resources Review, issued monthly, the Survey gives preliminary information concerning magnitude of floods in United States and Canada, and delineates on a map the extent of areas of excessive stream flow. Tennessee Valley Authority The Tennessee Valley Authority in connection with the planning, design, and operation of its multiple-purpose water control projects collects complete information, both current and historical, on floods within the Tennessee Valley region. For current floods on principal streams high water lines are marked at the time of the flood or soon thereafter and, cooperatively with the U.S. Geological Survey, discharge measurements with current For outline of present flood forecasting service and master plan for future expansion, see processed report by Weather Bureau, dated September 1941, "The River and Flood Forecasting Service of the Weather Bureau." 535373 0 - 43 -3 12 National Resources Planning Board meters are made at gaging stations. At places where there are no gaging stations, peak discharges are estimated by other methods. Complete records of meteorological conditions resulting in floods are compiled. Particular attention is given to damages which result from floods and careful valuations of flood damages are made. The publication, Floods of August 1Q40 in Tennessee River Basin, comprising 337 pages, covers the most recent great floods to visit the Tennessee Valley. Whenever floods occur on small streams in or near the Tennessee Valley complete investigations of these occurrences arc made, Including rainfall, flood runoff and damages. As a result of Investigations of this type, a considerable volume of valuable information on small stream runoff has been built up. Research has been made for past flood history for all major streams and tributaries in the Tennessee Valley. This has resulted in extending the knowledge of large floods backward to cover from 100 to 150 years on most streams and in some cases back to the days when the Cherokee Indians were the only inhabitants of the region. In connection with the operation of the multiple-purpose and other water control projects in the Tennessee Valley, including on April 1, 1942, 27 reservoirs, the Tennessee Valley Authority maintains a comprehensive forecasting set-up for river stages throughout the entire watershed, utilizing methods and technique developed by the Authority’s hydraulic engineers and adapted to the existing conditions. Through cooperative arrangement with the Weather Bureau, river forecasting within the Tennessee Valley is made by the Authority*s engineers and a dally cooperative bulletin is issued in two forms, one detailed and the other summarized for navigation purposes. Corps of Engineers The U. S. Engineer Department in connection with its navigation and flood control problems collects records of stage and discharge at locks and dams, and at other selected locations, analyzes flood events, and maintains a forecast system necessary for the operation of navigation and flood control structures. In accordance with standing instructions (0 and R Par. 40), district engineers prepare concise reports on each flood that causes loss of life or important property damage within their respective districts. Flood data and analyses have been presented in a large number of Preliminary Examination and Survey Reports on Investigations of the feasibility of Sources of Hydrologie Data 13 constructing flood control works at various points throughout the United States and outlying possessions. Some of these reports are published as House or Senate Documents while others are available for inspection in division and district offices. (See also, reports of Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army.) Forest Service and Soil Conservation Service In connection with flood control activities under the Flood Control Act of June 22, 1936, and amendments thereof, the Forest Service and the Soil Conservation Service analyze storm and flood events, and cooperate with other agencies in the collection of basic hydrologic data. The results of these studies when completed are included in reports to Congress. The Climatic and Physiographic Division of the Soil Conservation Service is preparing a chronological description of flood events on the Susquehanna drainage basin from 1692 to 1915 based on a comprehensive examination of published and unpublished material. International Boundary Commission Water Bulletins of the International Boundary Commission contain records of all known floods in the Rio Grande and its principal tributaries from San Marcial, N. Mex., to and including the Devils River in Texas for a period of more than 100 years; see, also, the Commission’s Special Flood Report of the Great Rio Grande Flood of 1Q42* The Water Bulletins also contain records of maximum and minimum river stages from 36 stations along the Rio Grande and tributaries from San Marcial, N. Mex., to the Gulf of Mexico, with information regarding rates of travel of floods in the same river and the flattening of peaks. GROUND WATER OBSERVATIONS Geological Survey The Geological Survey is the principal source8 of basic information concerning the recharge and depletion of the underground reservoirs and ground-water conditions throughout the United States. In cooperation with numerous State Agencies, it makes systematic areal surveys and intensive 8 For partial list of ground-water observation wells maintained (1936 and prior)by various agencies, records of which are not generally published, see Inventory of Unpublished Hydrologic Data, U. S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 837, pp. 51-53. 14 National Resources Planning Board quantitative studies of the ground waters of selected areas. The data obtained in these investigations are published,in the resulting reports or are filed in the Geological Survey in Washington, D. C., or in its field offices. The reports are published as water-supply papers of the Geological Survey or as bulletins of the cooperating State agencies. In the Water Resources Review, issued monthly, the Survey describes general ground conditions throughout the United States based on the current water level in index wells in most of the States. Approximately 75,000 individual measurements of the depth to the water level or the artesian pressure are made annually in about 6,000 observation wells situated in about 40 States and the Territory of Hawaii. Continuous records of the water levels or artesian pressure are obtained by means of automatic apparatus on about 300 of the wells. The records are published annually in water-supply papers. The annual reports for 1935 to 1939 were published, respectively, as water-supply papers 777, 817, 840, 845, and 886. Beginning with 1940 the records for each year are published in six water-supply papers. Water-supply paper 836-D is a summary, as of 1939, of the ground-water conditions and utilization in the United States, the methods of investigation, and the literature on the subject. The report also contains a bibliography of selected literature relating to ground water. • International Boundary Commission Water Bulletins of the U. S. International Boundary Commission contain records of monthly ground-water observations from wells in the El Paso and Presidio valleys of Texas. Tennessee Valley Authority The Tennessee Valley Authority has established a network of groundwater wells around each of its reservoirs in those regions where there might be some possibility of lands being affected by the reservoirs. Observations on these wells have been maintained for periods up to several years, installation Including both manually read wells and those equipped with automatic recorders. Technique has been developed for the installation of wells in groups to utilize an index well as a guide to the behavior of other wells under varying conditions. Sources of Hydrologic Data 15 Corps of Engineers * In connection with ground-water problems along the Mississippi River the U. S. Engineer Department collects ground-water records in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin. Information regarding these observations can be obtained from the office of the Division Engineer, Upper Mississippi Valley Division, St. Louis, Mo., or from district offices in St. Louis, Mo., Rock Island, Ill., and St. Paul, Minn. Soil Conservation Service In connection with irrigation and drainage studies in irrigated areas, the Division of Irrigation, in cooperation with other agencies, Is collecting ground-water records and making observations of ground-water levels at Imperial, San Jacinto, and San Luis Rey, Calif. Ground-Water Observations at Experimental Areas In connection with the experimental areas described in the Appendix A, ground-water observations are made as follows: Center Star, Ala. China, N. Y. Lexington, Tenn. Mena, Ark. Cohocton, N. Y. Sharp’s Chapel, Tenn. Fresno, Calif. East Homer, N. Y. Wales, Tenn. Fraser, Colo. South New Berlin, N.Y. El Paso, Tex. (Bureau Woodland Park, Colo. Truxton, N. Y. of Reclamation) Iowa City, Iowa Franklin, N. C. Waco, Tex. Holly Springs, Miss. Coshocton, Ohio Farmington, Utah Vicksburg, Miss. Camden, Tenn. Pullman, Wash. HAIL The Weather Bureau publishes monthly in Climatological Data by States the dates and general location of all hail storms, and in the Monthly Weather Review under the heading "Severe local storms” publishes information regarding the property loss and general characteristics of such storms. Similar data for the Tennessee River Basin are also published monthly by the Tennessee Valley Authority. HUMIDITY Weather Bureau Humidity data (dewpoint temperatures) are obtained hourly at about 500 stations of which 318 stations are manned by commissioned Weather Bureau 16 National Resources Planning Bçard personnel. The data appearing in the hourly observations at more than 300 of the stations have been set up on punch cards for the 5-year period from 1934-1939 inclusive. Dry and wet-bulb temperatures, dewpoint, and humidity for the 1:30 and 7:30 a.m. and p.m. (EST) observations are published at 185 stations in Monthly Meteorological Summaries, In addition to these surface observations of humidity, there are daily or twice daily observations of humidity in the free air available from 47 radiosonde stations. Other original data that are not published may be examined at the Central Office in Washington or at the climatological section centers in the field. For selected stations the Weather Bureau published in Climatolo gic al Data by States information concerning the mean monthly relative humidity at observations made in the morning, at noon, and in the evening. In the Monthly Weather Review are published for selected stations the mean wet-bulb thermometer temperature, mean temperature of the dewpoint, arid the mean relative humidity. Relative humidity data are also being obtained at. most of the experimental areas where rates of evaporation from pans are being determined (see "Evaporation") . Soil Conservation Service Measurements of hourly specific humidity gradients in a vertical zone 25 feet adjacent to the land surface were secured by the Climatic and Physiographic Division, Soil Conservation Service, at Arlington Farms, Va., for the year 1939 (see "Evaporation") . Forest Service For use in estimating fire danger the Forest Service makes frequent, determinations of relative humidity throughout National forests during periods of outstanding fire hazards. Tennessee Valley Authority The Tennessee Valley Authority maintains humidity records continuously at five locations throughout the Tennessee Valley. Records at certain other locations within the valley are available for limited periods of time. ICE (RIVERS AND HARBORS) The Weather Bureau includes in its Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin during the winter a tabulation showing thickness of ice in some of the principal rivers and harbors of the United States and has, in its unpublished Sources of Hydrologie Data 17 files, information showing dates of opening and closing of all the principal tributaries by ice. Data on the closing of harbors on the Great Lakes by ice are contained in the annual reports of the Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army. The annual stage pamphlet publication of the War Department, Office of the Mississippi River Commission, at Vicksburg, Miss., indicates the period when the gage records are affected by ice. Records of ice conditions on the Illinois Waterways at the locks and dams and for Peoria Lake are kept by the U. S. Engineer Office, Chicago District. The regular progress reports of the Geological Survey show the dates when ice at the various gaging stations was sufficient to modify the open water stage-discharge relationship. INFILTRATION Studies of the infiltration of water into soils, of the casual factors involved, and of the relation of infiltration to runoff, have been underway for several yearsbythe Soil Conservation Service and by the Forest Service. A bibliography, InfiIt rat ion of Water into the Soil, Soil Conservation Bibliography No. 3, 1940, by J. M. Davidson, covers the field of published material on the subject of infiltration through 1940. Many of the infiltration studies by these agencies, especially those in which portable devices such as infiltrometers, tubes and rainfall simulators are used, are not at fixed locations, the various research parties being temporarily located at strategic points suitable for the study of special problems. For information consult the Washington, D. C. offices of the Soil Conservation Service and the Forest Service. The Tennessee Valley Authority has made studies of infiltration of water in the soils in various parts of the Tennessee Valley region and Is utilizing infiltration in connection with water utilization and conservation investigations. Infiltration studies are related to the improvements in capacity which are achieved by the application of phosphate fertilizer to the land and by other cover modifications. Data susceptible of analysis for derivation of actual Infiltration rates and for limiting of infiltration capacity rates, exist at each location where records of rainfall and runoff are available, such as at most of the experimental areas listed in Appendix A, and in the Innumerable major and minor drainage basins where stream flow and precipitation records are available. 18 National Resources Planning Board LYSIMETERS AND TANKS As a part of the hydrologic studies at the experimental areas (see Appendix A) , lysimeters of various sizes are being operated at experimental areas near the following locations: Globe, Ariz. Woodland Park, Colo. Berkeley, Calif. Idaho City, Idaho Glendora, Calif. Clarinda, Iowa North Fork, Calif. Manhattan, Kans. Mexican Springs, N. Mex. Coshocton, Ohio Spur, Tex. Temple, Tex. La Crosse, Wis. The Geological Survey makes studies of the consumptive use of water by plants in connection with specific ground-water Investigations, the results of which are published in water-supply papers describing the specific areas. At the present time the Survey in cooperation with the Soil Conservation Service are operating several tanks for determining consumptive use near Bonners Ferry, Idaho. A very complete bibliography on the construction and performance of lysimeters is published by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, as Miscellaneous Publication No. 372, May 1940, under the title A Survey and Discussion of Lysimeters and a Bibliography of Their Construction and Performance, by H. Kohnke, F. R. Dreibelbis and J. M. Davidson of the Soil Conservation Service. PLOTS In connect,ion with research activities to determine the intricate relations between rainfall, runoff, soil moisture, and soil movement under different climatic, physiographic, and geologic conditions and the effect of cover and land use on such relationships, the Soil Conservation Service and the Forest Service maintain plots ranging in size from a few square feet to several acres at the following places at which rainfall, runoff and soil loss are measured. (See Appendix A for details.) Globe, Ariz. Tucson, Ariz. Batesville, Ark. Mena, Ark. Berkeley, Calif. Glendora, Calif. North Fork, Calif. O’Neals, Calif. Woodland Park, Colo. Watkinsville, Ga. Moscow, Idaho Dixon Springs, Ill. Urbana, Ill. Clarinda, Iowa Hays, Kans. Baton Rouge, La. Ft. Fairfield, Me. Holly Springs, Miss. State College, Miss. Bethany, Mo. McCredie, Mo. Hastings, Nebr. North Platte, Nebr. Durham, N. H. Sources of Hydrologic Data 19 Beemerville, N. J. Coshocton, Ohio Tyler, Tex. Marlboro, N. J. Zanesville, Ohio Waco, Tex. Geneva, N. Y. Cherokee, Okla. Ephraim, Utah Hammondsport, N. Y. Guthrie, Okla. Farmington, Utah Ithaca, N. Y. Moro, Oreg. Blacksburg, Va. Marcellus, N. Y. State College, Pa. Burlington, Vt. Asheville, N. C. Clemson, S. C. Pullman, Wash. Raleigh, N. C. Spur, Tex. Temple, Tex. PRECIPITATION La Crosse, Wis. Weather Bureau The Weather Bureau is the principal source of basic information9 concerning amount and areal distribution of precipitation throughout the United States and in general is a source of information regarding observations made by other agencies. Roughly the observations of some 6,000 non-recording precipitation stations and 2,400 recording rain gages are available through the Weather Bureau. Four observations a day are made at about 700 stations. In addition to the information on the daily weather maps and bulletins the observations of daily amounts are published monthly in Climatological Data, a monthly bulletin Issued for each climatological section center. Monthly amounts for station years through 1930 for selected stations on a regional basis are Issued as separates for 106 sections or zones in "Bulletin W", A Climatic Summary of the United States. Records of precipitation during outstanding storm events are also published in the Monthly Weather Review. Daily amounts at selected stations and forecasts of precipitation are Issued at 12 forecast centers. Original data may be examined at the 43 climatological section centers and 72 river district centers. The Weather Bureau also publishes a Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin which summarizes the weekly rainfall amounts and departures from normal at selected stations throughout the United States. Since 1940, the Weather Bureau in cooperation with the Corps of Engineers and Office of Land Use Coordination, Flood Control of the Department of Agriculture, has issued monthly regional bulletins of hourly amounts of rain from all the recording gages, and dally amounts from non-recording gages that are not published in Climatological Data. The regional centers are located at Albany, N. Y.; Macon, Ga.; Chicago, Ill.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Kansas City, Mo.; Fort Worth, Tex.; Albuquerque, N. Mex.; Portland, Oreg.; 9 For index of precipitation data prior to 1890 and classified list of unpublished precipitation data collected by various agencies see Inventory of Unpublished Hydrologic Data, U. S. G. S. Water-Supply Paper 837, pp. 5-41. 535373 0 - 43 -4 20 National Resources Planning Board and San Francisco, Calif. These bulletins are not available for general distribution but the basic data may be examined at the regional offices. International Boundary Commission Water Bulletins of the International Boundary Commission contain records of annual rainfall along the Rio Grande not published by the Weather Bureau, and records in the Rio Grande Basin in Mexico, also an index of all known rainfall records in and adjacent to the Rio Grande Basin in Mexico and Texas. Soil Conservation Service The Soil Conservation Service operates about 690 recording rain gages and 925 non-recording rain gages in connection with its hydrologic investigations at the experimental and demonstration areas listed in the Appendix A. A part of these records are published in a series of processed reports entitled "Hydrologic Studies" (SCS-TP-Nos. 26, 29, 31, 32, 37, 39, 41 and 43). Others are included in special progress reports covering several years* activities. The Climatic and Physiographic Division of the Soil Conservation Service maintain a climatic research center on the Muskingum drainage basin in Ohio. A network of 500 recording rain gages with 200 stations equipped with recording anemometers and hygrothemographs was established in July 1937 and records are continuous to date. Maps of one-half hour precipitation and tables of daily precipitation are published. Inquiries may be directed to the Soil Conservation Service, New Philadelphia, Ohio. During the period January 1936 to June 1937 the Climatic and Physiographic Division maintained a network of 200 non-recording rain gages spaced about 3 miles apart in Blaine, Kingfisher, and Logan Counties, Okla. These gages were read every one-fourth hour during precipitation period. There has been no regular publication. Inquiries concerning them may be addressed New Philadelphia, Ohio. The Division has also prepared hourly rainfall maps during 1937 and 1938 from a cooperative network of recording rain gages in the upper Ohio and Susquehanna River drainage basin; prepared A Climatic Atlas of the United States, giving index of effective precipitation by individual years and seasons based on Weather Bureau records 1900-1939 (report in Government Printing Office) ; published as Technical Bulletin 698, U. S. Department of Agriculture, a study of the rainfall characteristics for nine stations in Sources of Hydrologie Data 21 the United States; is engaged on current study of rainfall-intensity frequency by months of sample area in the United States; and on a current study of the errors involved in calculating total precipitation from various spacing of rain gages. Inquiries may be addressed to Climatic and Physiographic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C. Standard rain gages are maintained by the Division of Irrigation, Soil Conservation Service, in connection with all studies of evaporation, consumptive use, and water utilization. Some records are available in published reports. Unpublished records are available through the Chief of the Division of Irrigation, Soil Conservation Service, Berkeley, Calif. Forest Service Precipitation records are collected by the Forest Service from about 90 recording and 1,000 non-recording gages located at experimental forests (see Appendix A) . These records are now published by the Weather Bureau Hydrologic Service. In addition during fire seasons the Forest Service records rain and makes other meteorologic observations; information concerning the same may be obtained from local National Forest Supervisors. Tennessee Valley Authority The Tennessee Valley Authority maintains a network of 350 gages in the Tennessee Valley river watershed, 76 of which are recording rain gages. In addition, records are compiled from stations maintained by the Weather Bureau, Corps of Engineers, Forest Service, and other agencies in the Tennessee River Basin, all of which constitute 492 gages in the area. This gives an average of one gage to each 83 square mlle^, the concentration being somewhat greater in the mountainous eastern sections of the watershed. The Authority’s network of gages has been worked out carefully on the basis of proper location from a meteorological standpoint and Includes a considerable number of high altitude recording gages covering the Southern Appalachian Mountains. The latter are pioneer Installations on a region-wide basis and supply valuable data on intensity and amounts of rainfall at high altitudes. Analyses are made of the hourly records from recording stations. A special rainfall study has been made of the variations in rainfall with altitude in a few selected locations in the mountain regions. In connection with flood-producing storms, current investigations are made as to conditions causing the storms and hydraulic engineers cover the field area immediately to obtain supplemental rainfall catches which are 22 National Resources Planning Board valuable in giving a complete picture of rainfall. Special investigations are made of such meteorological phenomena as tornadoes which are not unusual in the western part of the Tennessee Valley. Corps of Engineers In connection with special problems, the U. S. Engineer Department maintains 325 rain gages in various areas of the United States, the records of which are available through its local offices and the publications of the U. S. Weather Bureau. Bureau of Plant Industry In connection with studies related largely to agriculture, the Bureau maintains a few rain gages in most of the States, the records of which are available through their local offices. CHEMICAL QUALITY OF WATER Geological Survey The Geological Survey currently collects samples of surface and ground water and makes chemical analyses thereof, the results of which are published in the series of water-supply papers of the Survey. The work of the Survey on the sources and analyses of the mineral content of water has been directed to sources of water supply, both surface and underground, used by large grouns o** persons either as municipal supplies or for irrigation. Water-Supply Paper 658 describes the quality of public water supplies for all cities in the United States having a population of 20,000 and over. Between 1937 and 1940 dally samples were collected for one year or longer at 10 gaging stations in the Colorado River Basin, at 19 stations in the Pecos River Basin, at 1 station on the Rio Grande, at 2 stations in Florida and at 12 stations in Georgia. Studies have been made of the quality of ground waters in many States with special studies in Arizona, Florida, New Mexico, and Texas. In addition studies were made of the public water supply systems for communities in Georgia having a population of over 2,500 (1930 census). This study Includes 66 communities. In general all of the water-supply papers relating to ground water contain basic data regarding its quality. Sources of Hydrologie Data 23 Tennessee Valley Authority The Tennessee Valley Authority has collected samples of water from streams and from ground-water sources at locations scattered throughout the region. Chemical analyses have been made of these and are particularly useful in connection with industrial developments. Soil Conservation Service Observations of the chemical quality are made by the Soil Conservation Service at experimental areas (see Appendix A) near Greenville, S. C.; Coshocton, Ohio; Waco, Tex.; East Lansing, Mich.; Mexican Springs, N. Mex.; and La Fayette, Ind. The Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, in cooperation with the International Boundary Commission (United States-Mexlco) makes studies of the quality of the water of the Rio Grande at several stations. Results of the Rio Grande observations are published annually by the International Boundary Commission. The Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Corps of Engineers, has made studies of the quailty of water at numerous stations in the Red River Baslnxin Oklahoma and Texas. RIVER AND LAKE STAGES10 Weather Bureau The Weather Bureau in connection with flood forecasting service maintains approximately 675 river stage stations on many of the principal rivers of the United States at which stage is read generally once a day. The records are published annually in Daily River Stages on the Principal Rivers of the United States. In addition to the daily records of stage the annual reports contain pertinent data regarding the elevation of flood stages and related material. For some of the stations gage records are available since 1858. For some important stations on navigable rivers current data regarding stages are published monthly in Climatological Data. Current stages for some rivers are published daily on weather maps and bulletins. 10 For list of lake and reservoir stations as of 1936, the records of which are not generally published, see U. S. G. S. Water-Supply Paper 837 Inventory of Unpublished Hydrologic Data, pp. 54-56. 24 National Resources Planning Board Tennessee Valley Authority The Tennessee Valley Authority maintains recording gages .on the reservoirs within the watershed and publishes the daily stages annually in a report, TVA Reservoir Elevations and Storage Volumes, Current stages for rivers and reservoirs are published daily in detailed and summarized form cooperatively with the Weather Bureau. Corps of Engineers The U. S. Engineer Department in connection with navigation and flood problems maintain approximately 1,200 river-stage stations on many navigable waters of the United States. The daily records of stage for main stations on the Mississippi River and principal tributaries are compiled by the Mississippi River Commission, Vicksburg, Miss., and published annually. Other records of stage are contained in numerous reports by the Corps of Engineers which frequently are published as House or Senate Documents. Certain districts prepare annual publications of stages which can be obtained from the district offices. Hydrologic data pertaining to stages, Inflow and outflow from the Great Lakes are obtained by the U. S. Lake Survey Office, Detroit, Mich. Geological Survey See "Stream flow", p. 35. TIDES U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey The Coast and Geodetic Survey is the source of all basic Information regarding tides. Tide tables predicting the tides for each day of the year are published annually. The Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, also maintains harbor gages, records not published. RUNOFF11 In general, observations of surface runoff as used herein relate to runoff before it reaches stream channels, whereas observations of stream flow (see p.35) relate to runoff after it has reached defined channels. In ii From experimental watersheds, forests, plots, terraces and lysimeters. Sources of Hydrologic Data 25 Appendix A are listed alphabetically by States and nearest town the salient features of the principal experimental watersheds, forest areas, and demonstration projects maintained by the various Federal agencies. For each area there is given the name, date work was initiated, address to which inquiries should be directed (this information also identifies the organization maintaining the area) , type of land cover, land use, and in some instances total area, number and range in size of watershed units, plots, terraces, and lysimeters from which surface or overland runoff is measured (or actual stream flow in the case of the larger areas) , number of recording and non-recording rain gages, and availability of observations currently being made of air temperature, relative humidity, wind movement, evaporation, soil temperature, soil freezing, snow cover, ground-water levels, soil loss, suspended load, sedimentation, and chemical quality of water. Inquiries concerning the availability of the data collected should generally be made directly to the agency concerned. Although the Information collected on these areas are used by the agencies concerned and their cooperative parties in establishing land-us'e practices and programs, it is also useful in innumerable hydrologic problems. The number of locations listed for the different agencies are as follows: Soil Conservation Service Division of Irrigation " 1 Hydrologic División 35 Sedimentation Division 1 Conservation Experiment Station Division 45 Forest Service 23 Bureau of Plant Industry 22 Geological Survey 6 Corps of Engineers 1 Tennessee Valley Authority 8 SEDIMENTATION12 Soil Conservation Service The Sedimentation Division of the Soil Conservation Service has been engaged in a program of reservoir-sedimentation surveys since July, 1934. Up to August 1, 1940, detailed surveys of 96 reservoirs and reconnaissance 12 See also "Suspended load" p. 27. 26 National Resources Planning Board investigations of 252 others had been completed. Records of 57 detailed and 16 reconnaissance surveys by other agencies have been compiled. This total of 421 reservoirs of all types, distributed through 34 States, includes all of the known reservoir-sedimentation measurements made in this country. A national reservoir inventory has been in the process of compilation for more than 5 years. To date complete or partical records have been obtained on more than 12,000 dams and reservoirs,- including all those of any significant size. These records, where complete, show location, purpose, ownership, size of dam, area of lake, storage capacity, drainage area, and other pertinent data. In addition, stream-channel, canal, desilting-basin, and valley floodplain sedimentation surveys have been made in many sections of the country, including the Ohio River (1937 flood); rivers of the Los Angeles region (1938); Pee Dee River and tributaries, North Carolina (1940 flood), the Tallahatchie and other tributaries of the Yazoo River, Miss.; the Middle Rio Grande, N. Mex.; Trinity River, Tex.; Washita River, Okla.; upper Arkansas River, Colo.; certain tributaries of the Santee River, S. C.; York River, Va.; several tributaries of the upper Mississippi River in Minnesota and Wisconsin; tributaries of the Muskingum River, Ohio; Little Sioux River, Iowa; Coosa River, Ga.; tributaries of St. Francis River, Mo.; tributaries of the Potomac River, W. Va., Va., Md., and Pa. Reference to, or records of, all known surveys of this type have been compiled. In connection with the sedimentation surveys, studies and surveys of sediment sources are being made in the drainage areas of Lexington Reservoir, Lexington, N. C.; T. & P. Reservoir, Weatherford, Tex.; Whitewater River, Minn.; Coon Creek, Wis.; and Galena River, Wis.-Ill. Tennessee Valley Authority The Tennessee Valley Authority has made a study of the silting which has occurred in reservoirs throughout the Tennessee Valley that were constructed prior to the creation of the Authority. In addition, progressive studies are being made of the sedimentation which occurs in the reservoirs constructed by the Authority. At the time that each reservoir is created, a system of ranges is laid out covering each reservoir and elevations obtained on each range. Soundings on these ranges are made at intervals to determine deposits. Sources of Hydrologic Data 27 SUSPENDED LOAD Geological Survey The Geological Survey currently collects continuous records of amount of suspended load in the Colorado River Basin (Green River at Green River, Utah; San Juan River at Bluff, Utah; Colorado River at Cisco, Utah; Grand Canyon, Ariz.; and Boulder Dam, Nev.). Brief summaries of the annual loads of suspended matter measured at stations in the Colorado River Basin are on file in the district offices of the Geological Survey. Detailed information, as yet unpublished, is on file in the office of the Geological Survey at Albuquerque, N. Mex. In the period from February 1934 to September 30, 1940, the Geological Survey in cooperation with the Soil Conservation Service of the Department of Agriculture carried out a silt sampling program at typical sampling points on eight projects. The names of the sampling points and the period covered by the studies at each point are as follows: Observations of Suspended Load by Geological Survey in Cooperation with the Soil ' Conservation Service Date Date Establ¡shed D isco nt i nued KANSAS East Limestone Creek near Ionia April 1935 6-30-38 Elma Creek near Ionia do do East Limestone Creek at Ionia do 6-30-35 West Buffalo Creek near Jewell do 6 30-38 West Buffalo creek at Jewell do do MISSOURI Tarkio River at Blanchard, Iowa April 1934 6-30-40 West Tarkio Creek near Westboro do do East Fork of Big Creek near Bethany do 12-31-37 NORTH CAROLINA W. Fork Deep R. near High Point February 1934 9-30-40 East Fork of Deep R. near High Point April 1934 6-3O-38 Deep River near Randleman February 1934 6-30-36 Muddy Creek near Archdale May 1934 9-30-40 Uharie River near Trinity do 29-30-40 Horsepen Creek at Battleground do 36-30-40 OKLAHOMA Stillwater Creek at stillwater October 1934 12-31-37 West Fork of Brush Creek near Stillwater do do Council Creek near stillwater April 1934 do (Continued on ; page 28) 1Station not in operation from October 1 , 1936 to February 13, 1937. ^Station not in operation from October 1 , 1936 to June 30, 1938. 3Station not in operation from July 1, 1935 to December 31, 1937. 535373 0 - 43 -5 28 National Resources Planning Board Observations of Suspended Load by Geological Survey in Cooperation with the Soil Conservation Service (Continued) SOUTH CAROLINA North Tyger River near Moore South Tyger River near Reidville South Tyger River near woodruff Tyger River near woodruff TEXAS Deer Creek at Chilton Big Elm Creek near Temple Big Elm creek near Buckholts North Elm Creek near Ben Arnold WASHINGTON S. F. Palouse R. above Paradise Creek S. F. Palouse R. at Pullman Paradise Creek near Pullman Dry Fork of S. F. Palouse River at Pullman Missouri Flat Creek at Pullman Fourmile Creek at Shawnee WISCONSIN Little La Crosse River near Leon Coon Creek at Coon Valley Coon Creek near Stoddard Date Date Established Discontinued April 1934 do do 6-30-38 do do February 1934 6-30-36 March 1934 9-30-36 do 6-30-36 do 9-30-36 October 1934 do May 1934 6-30-40 April 1934 6-30-38 July 1934 do December 1934 do April 1934 6-30-40 do do April 1934 9-30-40 do do do 6-30-38 Similar cooperative studies were carried on for a short period (February-June 1939) on a project in the St. Francis drainage basin, Missouri; and for a period of 18 months (January 1939-June 1940) in the Boise River drainage basin in Idaho. Division of Irrigation The Division of Irrigation, Bureau of Agricultural Engineering, Department of Agriculture, has published Technical Bulletin 382, Silt Load in Texas Streams, also Technical Bulletin 67, Silt in the Colorado River and its Relation to Irrigation« Bureau of Reclamation Through the cooperative efforts of the Bureau of Reclamation and the U. S. Geological Survey, working with a subcommittee of the Division of Geology and Geography of the National Research Council, studies have been made of the movement of suspended matter into and the presence of suspended matter in Lake Mead. The same agencies have also made similar studies for the Elephant Butte Reservoir. Tennessee Valley Authority The Tennessee Valley Authority has made silt measurements at stations scattered throughout the Tennessee Valley watershed and has determined continuously for several years the suspended load in the various streams. A corollary investigation has been the determination of plant food elements which are contained in silt. Sources of Hydrologie Data 29 Soil Conservation Service The Sedimentation Division, Soil Conservation Service, makes continuous observations of stream and air temperature; discharge; dissolved, suspended and bed load; and turpidity of the Enoree River at Greenville, S. C. (see Appendix A) . The Sedimentation Division is also beginning an exhaustive study of the availability of all suspended load observations. Since Mayl, 1938, the Sedimentation Division has sponsored a literature research project of the Work Projects Administration in New York, N.Y., to abstract literature on all phases of modern sedimentation. The basic records prepared on this project are a combination of extracts from, and an abstract of, each article reviewed. Cross-reference cards make the material available by author, subject matter, and geographic locality. On May 17, 1941, the basic file, available in the Washington office of the Sedimentation Division, contained 76,583 extract cards of Information from 3,167 articles selected from a review of 81,584 issues of journals, reports, and books. A substantial part of the literature on sedimentation in the English language has already been covered. Corps of Engineers Offices of the U. S. Engineer Department at St. Paul, Rock Island, Little Rock, Los Angeles, Memphis, New Orleans, Vicksburg, Omaha, Fort Peck, Albuquerque, Denison, Pittsburgh, Huntington, Cincinnati, Louisville, and Nashville collect information regarding suspended load in connection with special navigation and flood problems. The St. Paul office of the U.S. Engineer Department published in 1940-42, Report No.l, Field Practices and Equipment Used in Sampling Suspended Sediment, with 57 bibliographic references; Report No. 2, Equipment Used for Sampling Bed Load and Bed Material] Report No. 3, Analytical Study of Methods of Sampling Suspended Sediment] Report No. 4, Methods of Analyzing Sediment Samples] and Report No.5, Laboratory Investigation of Suspended Sediment Samples, These reports are based on a study planned and conducted jointly by the Department of Agriculture, Geological Survey, Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Reclamation, Indian Service, Tennessee Valley Authority, and Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research. The U.S. Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss., collects and publishes observations obtained by U. S. Engineer Districts. The St. Louis Engineer District has unpublished records of suspended silt measurements taken at St. Louis, Mo., over a period of 14 years (1920 to 1933). 30 National Resources Planning Board The annual reports of the Chief of Engineers, U.S» Army, contain the results of suspended load measurements on various rivers. The Mississippi River Commission has issued the following reports on suspended load measurements of the Mississippi River and its tributaries: Sediment Investigations on the Mississippi River and its Tributaries Prior to 1930} Sediment Investigations on the Mississippi River and its Tributaries, 1930-31; Studies of River Bed Mat erials and Their Movements with Special Reference to the Lower Mississippi River. International Boundary Commission Water Bulletins of the U. S. International Boundary Commission contain records showing dally samples of suspended silt in the Rio Grande River and its tributaries in Mexico. SNOW The Weather Bureau includes in its Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin during the winter a tabulation of snow depths at selected points and ice thickness in rivers and harbors and a map of the United States showing approximate snow depths, and changes in southern limits of snow during the week. Somewhat similar data are also contained in the weekly, Winter Sports Bulletin. At most cooperative Weather Bureau stations the water equivalent of precipitation in the form of snow and the depth of snow is regular observation. An increasing number of Weather Bureau gages are being equipped with wind shields* In addition to the Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletins, mimeograph or processed reports are issued at Intervals during the winter season by either Federal or State agencies based on cooperative data furnished from various Federal, State, and private interests showing the snow depths, water content, snow conditions, and runoff forecasts by States, basins or regions. These snow data may generally be obtained from local offices of the Weather Bureau, Soil Conservation Service, Geological Survey, U. S. Engineers, and the Forest Service. The Weather Bureau annually compiles and publishes, as a statistical reference, the results of all snow cover surveys made during the preceding winter. These data are usually published as a supplement to Climatological Sources of Hydrologie Data 31 Data, but for the eastern United States they are reproduced as a supplement to Daily and Hourly Precipitation. During the winter season 1940-41 processed reports describing snow conditions based on observations by numerous cooperating Federal, State and local agencies were issued as follows; in general, the reports for the Western States also contain irrigation water forecasts: Federal-State Cooperative Snow Surveys and Irrigation Vater Forecasts for Columbia River Basin, issued by Division of Irrigation, Soil Conservation Service. Federal-State Cooperative Snow Surveys and Irrigation Vater Forecasts for Oregon, issued by Division of Irrigation, Soil Conservation Service, and Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. California Cooperative Snow Surveys, Precipitation Data and Forecasts of Stream Flow, issued by State of California, Department of Public Works. Nevada Cooperative Snow Surveys, Part I, Central Sierra Quadrangle, Including Truckee, Taho, Carson and East and Vest Valker Basins of the Eastern Slope; Part II, Humboldt Basin, Central and Southern Nevada, Issued by Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station. Utah Cooperative Snow Surveys and Vater-Supply Forecasts, issued by Utah Agricultural Experimental Station, Department of Irrigation and Drainage. Upper Missouri River Snow Surveys, Issued by U. S. Geological Survey, Helena, Mont. Snow Surveys and Irrigation Vater Forecasts for the Colorado River Drainage Basin, issued by Division of Irrigation, Soil Conservation Service and Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. Snow Surveys and Irrigation Vater Forecasts for the Rio Grande Drainage Basin, Issued by Division of Irrigation, Soil Conservation Service, and Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. Snow Surveys and Irrigation Vater Forecasts for the Missouri and Arkansas Drainage Basins, issued by Division of Irrigation, Soil Conservation Service, and the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. Snow Surveys, New Hampshire and Vermont, issued by U. S. Geological Survey, Boston, Mass. Snow Surveys for Northern Minnesota and Southern Ontario, by the Inter national Lake of the Woods Control Board. 32 National Resources Planning Board New York Cooperative Snow Surveys, issued by U. S. Geological Survey, Albany. Snow Cover Surveys by the Eastern Snow Conference and by Central Snow Conference, compiled and issued by the U. S. Weather Bureau. Snow and Ice Measurements, Susquehanna River Watershed, issued by Federal-State Flood Forecasting Service, Weather Bureau office, Harrisburg, Pa. A digest of available information relative to snow surveys is contained in the annual transactions of the American Geophysical Union, under reports of the Committee on Snow and in reports and papers relating to "snow conferences”. At some of the experimental areas listed in Appendix A, records of ground temperatures or ground frost are collected and research is conducted relating to snow, ice, frost, and land use and cover. For a fairly complete list of snow measurement stations or snow courses maintained as of 1936 by various agencies, see Inventory of Unpublished Hydrologic Data, U. S. G. S. Water-Supply Paper 837, pp. 47-50. SOIL MOISTURE The Division of Dry Land Agriculture, Irrigation Agriculture, and Fruit and Vegetable Crops and Diseases, of the Bureau of Plant Industry have since 1906 made about 400,000 determinations of moisture in the soil at 19 areas in the Western States of which 7 are in the Northern Great Plains, 6 in the Central Great Plains, 5 in the Southern Great Plains, and 1 in the Columbia River Basin (see Appendix A). Results of observations are published in Technical Bulletins of the Department of Agriculture. The Division of Dry Land Agriculture has prepared a report13 listing publications relating to soil moisture and its significance. In addition, observations of soil moisture are also made by the Soil Conservation Service and the Forest Service. Observations of soil moisture are made at experimental areas (see Appendix A) as follows: Globe, Ariz. 0* Neale, Calif. Fraser, Colo. Tucson, Ariz. Somis, Calif. Woodland Park, Colo. Mena, Ark. Akron, Colo. Idaho City, Idaho Glendora, Calif. Cheyenne Wells, Colo. Aberdeen, Idaho North Fork, Calif. Falcon, Colo. Moscow, Idaho 13 Cole, J. S., "Publication Containing Information on Soil Moisture and Soil Erosion", processed report by Division of Dry Land Farming, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Sources of Hydrologie Data 33 Priest River, Idaho La Fayette, Ind. Clarinda, Iowa Colby, Kans. Elkhart, Kans. Garden City, Kans. Hays, Kans. Manhattan, Kans. Fort Fairfield, Me. College Park, Md. East Lansing, Mich. Holly Springs, Miss. State College, Miss. Bethany, Mo. Culbertson,1' Mont. Havre, Mont. Huntley, Mont. Hastings, Nebr. North Platte, Nebr. Marlboro, N. J. Mexican Springs, N.Mex. Tucumcari, N. Mex. Hammondsport, N. Y. Ithaca, N. Y. Franklin, N. C. Fargo, N. Dak. Mandan, N. Dak. Coshocton, Ohio Cherokee, Okla. Guthrie, Okla. Lawton, Okla. Woodward, Okla. Hermiston, Oreg. Medford, Oreg. Moro, Oreg. Pendleton, Oreg. State College, Pa. Clemson, S. C. Newell, S. D. Amarillo, Tex. Big Spring, Tex. Dalhart, Tex. Spur, Tex. Waco, Tex. Ephraim, Utah Farmington, Utah Blacksburg, Va. Burlington, Vt. Prosser, Wash. Pul Iman, Was h. Archer, Wyo. Sheridan, Wyo. The U. S. Weather Bureau in its Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin describes general soil-moisture conditions by States based on telegraphic summaries from State offices. SOLAR RADIATION AND SUN SPOTS Measurements of solar radiant energy received at the surface of the earth are made at 9 stations maintained by the Weather Bureau and at 10 cooperative stations maintained by other institutions. The Geographical coordinates of the stations and description of instrumental equipment, station exposures and methods of observation together with summaries of the data obtained up to the end of 1936 are published in Monthly Weather Review, December 1937, pages 415 to 441. Current data regarding solar radiation and sun spots are published in Monthly Weather Review. The Smithsonian Institution is also a source of astrophysical information. A compilation of sun spot numbers are published in the World Weather Record, by the Smithsonian Institution. STORMS Weather Bureau The Weather Bureau publishes currently in Monthly Weather Review a list of wind, rain, sleet, and glaze storms and other meterologic phenomena, with statements of the damage done by them and brief descriptions of the 34 National Resources Planning Board more unusual occurrences. Supplements of the Review and supplements of the Daily and Hourly Precipitation issued by the hydrologic centers (see page 19) contain synoptic analyses and description of outstanding storms. In its daily forecasts the Weather Bureau gives current information relating to magnitude and rate of movement of storms. Information relating thereto is contained in press and radio releases or information may be obtained directly from forecast and hydrologic centers. The Hydrometerological Section of the Weather Bureau reviews mass rainfall curves prepared by district offices of the Corps of Engineers in connection with the general storm study program, to assure correlations with the synoptic analyses of the storms, and has made several special meterological studies and prepared reports thereon for use by the U. S. Engineer Department. These reports are not generally available for distribution. Corps of Engineers As a basis for general hydrologic studies related to flood control and navigation projects, the U. S. Engineer Department has had in progress since 1938 a program for the investigation of approximately 1,000 major storms in the United States. The detailed study of the most Important of these storms involves the compilation of basic precipitation data from all available sources, the construction of mass rainfall curves representative of short-period rainfall rates at recording and non-recording precipitation stations, the tabulation of rainfall quantities by 6-hour periods, the computation of maximum depth-area curves and the preparation of isohyetal maps. The mass rainfall curves are reviewed by the Hydrometerological Section of the Weather Bureau in connection with synoptic analyses prior to their use in computations. Final results of the studies are compiled on transparent paper forms suitable for process printing. Various districts have prepared maps and charts showing the location and period of record of all known unofficial precipitation stations within their districts. For information regarding the status of studies on a particular storm, consult the District or Division Engineer Office nearest the locality of the storm. Tennessee Valley Authority The Tennessee Valley Authority investigates all storms of importance which,occur over streams in the watershed. This includes both storms of Sources of Hydrologie Data 35 large areal extent and those on relatively small watersheds. These investigations cover meterological conditions, areal extent, flood runoff, and damage evaluations. By the "minute men" procedure which has been developed, supplemental rainfall amounts over areas where storms occur are quickly gathered and supply valuable data which would not otherwise be available. Detail study is made of large storms of considerable areal extent particularly as these storms relate to the planning, design, or operation of watercontrol projects. Such investigations include rainfall analyses, evaluation of watersheds for infiltration characteristics, and balancing and coordination of these factors with flood runoff and hydrographs. In connection with storm rainfall in the years prior to the present rainfall station network, a special technique has been developed for the development of isohyetals to portray conditions much more closely than those drawn from the too few actual records. This procedure recognizes orographic influences and other factors which have been found to be influential in rainfall amounts and intensities. Geological Survey In connection with outstanding flood events, the Geological Survey publishes in its special flood reports compilations of pertinent precipitation records and isohyetal maps together with storm descriptions. Soil Conservation Service Analyses of the characteristics of storms in central Oklahoma during 1936 and 1937 and in the Muskingum Valley of Ohio since 1937 have been prepared by the Climatic and Physiographic Division in the form of a series of maps that show, by 30-minute intervals during storm periods, the successive changes in the detailed distributions of precipitation amôunts, temperature, wind velocity and wind direction. STREAM FLOW Geological Survey The Geological Survey as of January 1, 1942, was maintaining about 4,200 stream-measurement stations14 in cooperation with many Federal, State 14 For list of gaging stations maintained by organizations other than the Geological Survey, the records of which are not generally published, see Inventory of Unpublished Hydrologic Data, U. S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 837, pp. 56-67. The Survey’s annual surface-water supply papers since 1935 contain lists of gaging stations for which records of discharge were collected during the year of the report by agencies other than the Geological Survey. 535373 0 - 43 -6 36 National Resources Planning Board and local agencies at which both stage and discharge were being determined and 400 stations on rivers, lakes and reservoirs at which stage only was being observed. About 3,500 of the stream-measurement stations are equipped with water-stage recorders. The records from all stations are published annually in the water-supply papers of the Survey or advance records can be obtained from the district offices of the Survey (see p.71 - 72 ) . In the forepart of each of the water-supply papers for recent years is a table giving the reports that contain compilations of records of discharge for a period of years. Some of these reports cover single states, others cover single drainage basins. Each of the water-supply papers for 1939 (Nos. 871 to 885) contain yearly-discharge summaries for gaging stations in the area covered by the report for which 10 or more complete years of record have been collected. The summaries In each of these reports are also published as separate reprints. Stages and - or contents of many lakes and reservoirs are now published annually in water-supply papers of the Geological Survey. In collaboration with the Dominion Water and Power Bureau the Geological Survey issdes monthly through the Interior Department a review summarizing the water condition throughout the United States and Canada. The review contains a map showing the state of current stream flow in relation to normal and delineates areas of normal, deficient and excessive stream flow. Corps of Engineers In addition to the stream-gaging stations maintained in cooperation with the Geological Survey, the U. S. Engineer Department maintain gaging stations on many navigable streams and tributaries thereof in connection with navigation and flood problems. For information consult local district offices of the Engineer Department (see pp.71 -72 ). The Mississippi River Commission maintains stations and publishes the results of observations at gaging stations on the Mississippi River and tributaries. Department of Agriculture See Appendix A for availability of runoff records from watersheds maintained by the Soil Conservation Service and Forest Service. In connection with specific drainage problems, the Soil Conservation Service maintains some gaging stations not included among the experimental areas. 37 Sources of Hydrologie Data International Boundary Commission The Commission maintains gaging stations on the Rio Grande and tributaries in Texas, the records of which are published in annual reports by the Commission. Tennessee Valley Authority In addition to the stream gaging-stations maintained in cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey, the Tennessee Valley Authority maintains a number of gages throughout the reservoir reaches within the watershed. For flood flows which occur in the streams throughout the basin, peak rates are determined, both total and per square mile. Studies are also made of the region with regard to minimum flows and their effects on navigation, water supply, and industry. Research work is being carried on to provide additional data on coefficients of roughness for mountain streams. AIR TEMPERATURE Weather Bureau The Weather Bureau is the principal source of basic information concerning air temperatures. The observations of daily maximum and minimum temperatures at about 4,000 stations are available through the Weather Bureau. About 500 statlohs take hourly observations and of these about 200 have continuous records of temperature. In addition to the temperature of the air and dewpoint as published on the Daily Weather Map, the observations of daily maximum and minimum at selected stations in each State are published monthly in ClimatoIogicaI Data and for selected stations on a sectional basis as separates for 106 sections or zones in the decennial Climatic Summary. For selected stations the average temperature and departure from normal are published in the Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin. The Weather Bureau publishes pertinent data concerning dates of killing frost and length of growing season in their annual summary of Climatological Data and in the Climatic Summary by regions. Observations of temperature are also made at most of the experimental areas listed in the Appendix A. Soil Conservation Service At Arlington Farms, Va., the Climatic and Physiographic Division, Soil Conservation Service, secured continuous measurements of temperature during 38 National Resources Planning Board 1939 at 2 and 24.5 feet above the land surface for the purpose of establishing vertical temperature gradients (see "Evaporation*’) . SOIL TEMPERATURE Soil Conservation Service In connection with their hydrologic research, the Hydrologic Division and the Conservation Experiment Stations Division of the Soil Conservation Service, the Forest Influences Division of the Forest Service, and the Division of Dry Land Agriculture of the Bureau of Plant Industry make observations of either soil temperature or condition of the ground with respect to soil freezing at the Appendix A) nearest the Tucson, Ariz. Globe, Ariz. Bentonville, Ark. Mena, Ark. Fresno, Calif. Glendora, Calif. North Fork, Calif. San Bernardino, Calif. Santa Paula, Calif. Somis, Calif. Watsonville, Calif. Colorado Springs, Colo. Falcon, Colo. Americus, Ga. Emmett, Idaho Moscow, Idaho Priest River, Idaho experimental areas, watersheds, and forests, (see following town: Aberdeen, Idaho Edwardsville, Ill. Ames, Iowa Manhattan, Kans. Ft. Fairfield, Me. College Park, Md. Boonsboro, Md. East Lansing, Mich. Holly Springs, La. Freehold, N. J. Marlboro, N. J. Albuquerque, N.Mex. Mexican Springs, N.Mex. Cohocton, N. Y. Ithaca, N. Y. Truxton, N. Y. Asheville, N. C. Franklin, N. C. Coshocton, Ohio Hamilton, Ohio Muskegee, Okla. Moro, Oreg. Newburg, Oreg. Pendleton, Oreg. Copperhill, Tenn. Mesquite, Tex. Temple, Tex. Vega, Tex. Waco, Tex. Farmington, Utah Blacksburg, Va. Chatham, Va. Burlington, Vt. Dayton, Wash. Fennimore, W is. La Crosse, Wls. Dickinson, N. Dak. WATER TEMPERATURES Geological Survey The Geological Survey in most of its ground-water investigations collects information concerning the temperature of ground water, the results of which are published in water-supply papers. The Survey also studies the behavior of thermal springs and in Water-Supply Paper 769-B gives temperature and other pertinent information concerning over 1,900 thermal springs In the United States. Also in connection with quality of water investigations Sources of Hydrologie Data 39 the Survey frequently makes observations of stream temperatures. A summary of data on the temperature of ground water and of surface water is given in Water-Supply Paper No. 520F. Bureau of Reclamation The Bureau of Reclamation makes observations of water temperature at Lake Mead and some of the other larger reservoirs for purposes of operation, and in connection with studies of density currents. The Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce, has compiled data concerning the water temperature of water supplies for cities having a population of 20,000 and over. (See Market Research Series No. 17.) The Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior, collects information regarding temperature of water In streams and lakes. Tennessee Valley Authority Water temperature observations are made in the streams throughout the Tennessee Valley area and also in each of the reservoirs constructed by the Authority. These observations are particularly valuable to industry. X TERRACES In connection with determination of the effect of terraces on surface runoff and soil movement and to obtain information concerning the best type of terraces, observations of terrace behavior are made at experimental areas (see Appendix A) at the following locations: Mena, Ark. Zanesville, Ohio Temple, Tex. Clarinda, Iowa Cherokee, Okla. Tyler, Tex. Bethany, Mo. Spur, Tex. Farmington, Utah Raleigh, N. C. La Crosse, Wis. WIND15 Weather Bureau In addition to the information contained on the Daily Weather Map, the Weather Bureau publishes monthly in Climatological Data the dally movement of wind in connection with dally tabulation of evaporation, and for selected stations gives average hourly velocity and data regarding wind direction and 5 For inventory of unpublished data concerning wind movement see United States Geological * Survey Water-Supply Paper 837, Inventory of Unpublished Hydrologic Data,pp, 42-45. 40 National Resources Planning Board maximum velocity. Direct reading of wind velocity is made at about 500 stations. Information concerning prevailing winds, wind storms, and tornadoes is also published in Monthly Weather Review. Prevailing wind directions, average velocity, and maximum wind velocity, direction and dates are published for selected stations in Climatic Summary. Soil Conservation Service Observations of wind movement are made at a large number of experimental areas listed in Appendix A (see ”Evaporation”). Since 1937 the Soil Conservation Service has been conducting experimental wind tunnel studies of soil movement at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif, and more recently at Brookings, S. Dak. For information consult the Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, at either of those places. Detailed studies of the vertical distribution of wind velocities within 25 feet of the land surface are being made by the Climatic and Physiographic Division. Simultaneous velocity recordings were obtained at elevations of 1, 7, 13 j and 25 feet at Arlington Farms, Va., during 1939 (see "Evaporation”). Tennessee Valley Authority Continuous observations are being made by the Tennessee Valley Authority at two stations on Wheeler Lake. These record wind directions and velocities. At the same stations, the heights of resulting waves are collected and study is being made of the interrelations of wave heights and wind velocities and directions. Forest Service During periods of critical fire hazards the Forest Service makes observations of wind velocities in National Forests. BIBLIOGRAPHIES In addition to publication lists already mentioned, and those issued currently by the various Federal agencies, and abstracts in such publications as Engineering News-Record, Civil Engineering, Soil Science, American Water Works Association, the following bibliographies or reports contain abstracts and references to literature of special interest to those engaged on hydrologic problems: Annotated Bibliography of Economic Geology, issued semi-annually by National Research Council. Sources of Hydrologie Data 41 Bibliography and Index of the Publications of the U. S. Geological Survey Relating to Ground Water, Water-Supply Paper 427 (1918). Bibliography of Hydrology, United States, Annually by the American Geophysical Union, Section of Hydrology. Bibliography on Land Utilization igi8-ig^6, U. S. Department of Agr i-culture, Miscl. Pub. 284. Bibliography on Soil Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Miscl. Pub. No. 312 (1938) . Current Literature in Agricultural Engineering, monthly by the Bureau of Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Deficiencies in Hydrologic Data, Water Resources Committee, National Resources Planning Board, 1936. Deficiencies in Hydrologic Research, Water Resources Committee, National Resources Planning Board, 1940. Ground Water in the United States, A Summary, U. S. Geological Survey, Water-Supply Paper 836D. Infiltration of Water into the Soil, A list of references relative to the physical aspects of the principal factors affecting the rate and movement, J. M. Davidson, Soil Conservation Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bibliography No. 3, Oct. 1940. Inventory of Unpublished Hydrologic Data, U. S. Geological Survey, Water-Supply Paper 837. A Selected Bibliography, ig^8, (Mimeographed), 631 pages. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Engineering. Bibliography on Land Drainage, 1936, (Mimeographed), 245 pages. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Engineering. Selected Annotated Bib Iiography on Sedimentation as Related to Soil Conservation and Flood Control, U. S. Soil Conservation Service, SCS-MP-20, 40 pp. 1939. (Various other bibliographies on related subjects are available in mimeographed form in the library of the Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.) . Under date of March 1942, the National Archives published a processed report entitled, List of Climatological Records in the National Archives. The report contains a history of the meterologic activities of the Federal agencies from 1814 to 1891, and of the movement that resulted in the 42 National Resources Planning Board establishment of the Weather Bureau in that year» The report also presents y an analysis of the various records resulting from these activities, a description of their original arrangement and an explanation of their rearrangement by the National Archives. The list of entries is arranged alphabetically by States. APPENDIX A SUMMARY OF HYDROLOGIC RESEARCH DATA BEING COLLECTED AT EXPERIMENTAL AREAS, WATERSHEDS, FORESTS, AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS MAINTAINED BY FEDERAL AGENCIES1 The arrangement of the compilation is alphabetical by States and nearest town, followed by the name of the area; date work was initiated; address to which inquiries should be directed (this information also identifies the organization maintaining the area); type of cover; land use and, in some instances, total area; number and range in size of watershed units, plots, terraces, and lysimeters from which runoff is measured; number of recording and non-recording rain gages and statements as to whether or not information regarding the following phenomena are being collected; air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, soil temperature, soil freezing, snow cover, ground-water levels, soil moisture, soil loss, suspended load, sedimentation surveys, and chemical quality. In a few instances, the compiler of the data indicated that the results of the observations are published. In all such instances the word npublishedw has been Included in parenthesis in the compilation. Alabama Center Star} Lauderdale County Area; March 1941; address inquiries to A. S. Fry, Head Hydraulic Engineer, Tennessee Valley Authority, 705 Union Bldg., Knoxville, Tenn.; land use - agriculture and pasture; runoff measured from one 100 acre watershed; rainfall measured at 1 recording and 1 nonrecording gage; observations also made of ground-water levels; suspended load data Included sedimentation surveys. Ar izona Duncan} Duncan Valley; October 1939; address Inquiries to Division of Ground Water, U.S. Geological, Survey, Tucson, Ariz.; desert area, irrigated lands, and river bottom vegetation; 12 special gaging stations, 6 precipitation stations, 4 evaporation pans, and 39 observation wells. 1 Compilation by W.G. Hoyt, U. S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with J. M. Davidson, Research Division, Soil Conservation Service; I. H. Sims, Division of Forest Influences, U. S. Forest Service; Merrill Bernard, U. S. Weather Bureau; and G. A. Hathaway, U. S. Engineer Department; and other personnel in the various agencies. 43 44 National Resources Planning Board Globe; Clay Gravel Work Center; 1938; address inquiries to Director, Southwestern Forest and Range Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service, Tucson, Ariz.; plant cover - semi-desert grass; runoff measured from 12 plots 1/10 acre in size; rainfall measured at 4 non-recording gages. Globe*, Red Hill Work Center; 1937; address inquiries to Director, Southwestern Forest and Range Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service, Tucson, Ariz.; plant cover - semi-desert shrub, winter annuals; runoff measured from 4 plots 1/50 acre in size; rainfall measured at 1 recording and 1 non-recording rain gage. Globe; Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest (formerly called Parker Creek Experiment Station); May 1932; address inquiries to Director, Southwestern Forest and Range Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service, Tucson, Ariz.; plant cover - grass chaparral, open timber, ponderosa pine-fir forest; area, 13,255 acres; runoff measured from 11 watershed units ranging in size from 9 to 2,400 acres; 7 plots ranging in size from 0.02 to 0.25 acres; and 48 lysimeters ranging in size up to 0.02 acre; rainfall measured at 27 recording and 68 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, soil temperatures, soil freezing, snow cover, soil moisture, and soil loss. Globe; Summit Work Center; 1931; address inquiries to Director, Southwestern Forest and Range Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service, Tucson, Ariz.; plant cover - semi-desert shrub and chaparral; runoff measured from 9 plots ranging in size from 0.25 to 1.25 acres and8 lysimeters of approximately 1/10,000 acre; rainfall measured at 1 recording and 6 non-recording gages; measurements also made of soil loss. Safford; Safford Demonstration Area; August 1938; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; runoff measured from 4 watershed units of range land ranging in size from 349 to 764 acres; rainfall measured at 13 recording and 13 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature and relative humidity. Safford; Safford Valley and Safford Experiment Station; October, 1939; address inquiries to Division of Ground Water, U. S. Geological Survey, Tucson, Ariz.; desert area, irrigated lands, and river bottom vegetation; 2 soil tanks with growing salt cedar, 2 soil tanks with growing baccharis, 4 soil tanks for evaporation measurements and complete weather station, 10 special gaging stations, 9 precipitation stations, 5 evaporation pans, and 221 observation wells. Appendix A 45 Tucson; Southern Arizona Range and Farm Lands; October 1938; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Box 4096, University Station, Tucson, Arlz.; runoff and infiltration measured on 20 small study plots with and without grass cover and surface litter; rainfall measured at 3 recording and 3 non-recording gages; measurements of soil moisture also made; observations also made of air temperature, soil temperature, and soil moisture» Arkansas Batesville; Livestock and Forestry Branch Experiment Station, University of Arkansas; April 1939; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Batesville, Ark»; runoff and soil loss measured from 16 plots to study the effectiveness of a three-year rotation, continuous contour cultivation, strip cropping, and continuous Bermuda grass in checking soil and water losses in comparison with continuous cotton having rows running with the slope; plots ranging in size from 0.062 to 0.954 acre; rainfall observed at 6 recording and 6 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, evaporation, and wind velocity. Bentonville; Soil Conservation Demonstration Area; September 1938; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.; runoff measured from 6 watershed units of cultivated, pasture, wooded, strip-cropped or terraced land ranging in size from 9.34 to 24.0 acres; rainfall measured at 6 recording and G non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature. Mena; Irons Fork Experimental Forest; August 1936; address inquiries to Director, Southern Forest Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service, Federal Office Building, New Orleans, La.; plant cover - virgin and second growth shortleaf pine-hardwood; area, 8,878 acres; runoff measured from 4 watershed units ranging in size from 107 to 195 acres; a total of 67 plots ranging in size from 0.0065 to 0.01 acre, and 1 installation of spreaders and diversion trenches, area 180 acres; rainfall measured at 2 recording and 86 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, evaporation, soil temperature, ground-water levels, soil moisture, and soil loss. Californ i a Berkeley; Strawberry Canyon Plots and Lysimeters; 1931; address inquiries to Director, California Forest and Range Experiment Station, U. S. 46 National Resources Planning Board Forest Service, 330 Giannini Hall, Berkeley, Calif.; plant cover - chaparral; runoff and soil loss measured from 6plots, 1/16 acre each; rainfall measured at 1 recording and 6 non-recording gages. Air temperature, wind movement and evaporation are also measured. Twelve lysimeters 7-80 square feet. Fresno; Kings River Work Center; October 1936; address inquiries to Director, California Forest and Range Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service, 330 Giannini Hall, Berkeley, Calif.; plant cover - grass, woodland, pine-fir forest; area, 1,773 acres; runoff measured from 11 watershed units ranging in size from 9 to 548 acres; rainfall measured at 6 recording and 102 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, soil temperature, soil freezing, snow cover, groundwater levels, soil loss, and suspended load. Glendora; San Dimas Experimental Forest; March 1934; address Inquiries to Director, California Forest and Range Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service, 330 Giannini Hall, Berkeley, Calif.; plant cover, chaparral; area, 13,111 acres; runoff measured from 17 watershed units ranging in size from 35 to 10,250 acres; 22 plots, each 0.025 acre; rainfall measured at 21 recording and 321 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil loss, and snow cover. Sedimentation surveys are made. A total of 138 lysimeters, ranging from 1.7 to 220.5 square feet. North Fork; North Fork Work Center; 1929; address inquiries to Director, California Forest and Range Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service, 330 Giannini Hall, Berkeley, Calif.; plant cover - chaparral, woodland brush, ponderosa pine; runoff measured from 16 plots ranging in size from 0.01 to 0.025 acre; rainfall measured at 3 recording and 8 non-recording gages; observations also made of evaporation, soil temperature, soil freezing, snow cover, temperature, wind movement, soil moisture, and soil loss. Eight lysimeters 7.0 to 10.0 square feet. Oceanside; San Luis Rey River; February 1939; address inquiries to Chief of Division of Irrigation, Soil Conservation Service, P. 0. Box 180, Berkeley, California; plant cover - irrigated crops, dry-farming, pasture, grass, brush, and riparian vegetation; runoff measured at 3 stations (in cooperation with State of California and U. S. Geological Survey) ; 1 plot, 11.5 acres riparian vegetation; evapo-transpiration measured from 2 tanks of riparian vegetation; rainfall measured at 10 gages; air temperature, wind movement, humidity, and evaporation are observed at 2 evaporation Appendix A 47 stations; ground-water level measurements each month on 24 wells, 2 of which are equipped with water-stage recorders; and determinations of the chemical quality of the water. O'Neale; San Joaquin Experimental Range; May 1936; address inquiries to Director, California Forest and Range Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service, 330 Giannini Hall, Berkeley, Calif.; plant cover, grass; area, 3,650 acres; runoff, soil moisture and soil loss measured at 9 plots, 0.025 acre each; rainfall observed at 1 recording and 1 non-recording gage. San Bernardino; Devil Canyon Work Center; 1927; address inquiries to Director, California Forest and Range Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service, 330 Giannini Hall, Berkeley, Calif.; plant cover - chaparral and riparian; area, 500 acres; runoff measured from 4 watersheds ranging in size from 44 to 434 acres; rainfall measured at 2 recording and 12 nonrecording rain gages; air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, soil temperature and soil loss are observed, sedimentation surveys are made. Santa Paula; Soil Conservation Service Demonstration Area; October 1938; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; runoff measured from 1 clean cultivated watershed unit of 162.7 acres; rainfall measured at 2 recording and 2 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, and soil moisturb. Approximate maximum rates of runoff are determined for important storms from staff gage readings on four watersheds ranging in size from 44.4 to 413 acres. Somis; Winter fallow belt, Somis Experimental Farm; November 1938; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Santa Paula, Calif.; rainfall measured at 1 recording and 2 non-recording gages; observation also made of soil temperature and soil moisture under specialized farming. Watsonville; Soil Conservation Service Demonstration Area; October 1938; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.; runoff measured from 4 watershed units of woodland pasture and orchard land ranging in size from 10.1 to 27.4 acres; rainfall measured at 5 recording and 5 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, and soil moisture. Colorado Akron; Akron Field Station; 1908; address inquiries to Superintendent, Akron Field Station, Akron, Colorado (Division of Dry Land Agriculture, 48 National Resources Planning Board Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.) ; land use, field crops; observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, and snow cover Cheyenne Wells*, Central Great Plains Area; July 1938; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Cheyenne Wells, Colo.; rainfall measured at 2 recording gages and soil moisture observations made under grazing land use. Falcon; Soil Conservation Demonstration Area; May 1938; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.; runoff measured from 4 watershed units of cultivated and range land ranging in size from 10.6 to 39.7 acres; rainfall measured at 8 recording and 8 nonrecording rain gages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, soil temperature, and soil moisture. Fraser; Fraser Experimental Forest; August 1937; address inquiries to Director, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service, Ft. Collins, Colo.; plant cover - lodgepole pine and Engelmann spruce with aspen, alphine fir and grass above timber line; area, 23,000 acres; runoff measured from 1 watershed unit 'of 700 acres; rainfall measured at 2 recording and 130 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, snow cover, ground-water levels, and soil moisture. Snow evaporation is measured from 12 pans ranging in size from 1-500 square feet. Woodland Park; Manitou Experimental Forest; 1938; address inquiries to Director, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service, Ft. Collins, Colo.; plant cover - grass and young and mature pon-derosa pine; area, 17,300 acres; runoff measured from 11 watershed units ranging in size from 0.3 to 4,500 acres; 12 plots of 0.01 acre each, and 18 lysimeters, each 1/10,000 acre; rainfall measured at 5 recording and 125 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, ground-water levels, soil moisture and soil loss. Georgi a Americus; Soil Conservation Service Demonstration Area; July 1938; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; runoff measured from 2 watershed units of cultivated land, one of which is terraced, of 23.5 and 59.2 acres; rainfall measured at 3 recording and 6 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature. Appendix A 49 Watkinsville; Southern Piedmont Experiment Station; January 1937; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Watkinsville, Ga.; runoff and soil loss measured from 42 plots ranging in size from 1/60 to 1/20 acre; rainfall measured at 14 recording and 50 non-recording gages; effects of straw and hay mulches (published) and of contour-balk system of farming. Address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C., concerning runoff measurements on watershed unit of 19.2 acres of land under 2-year rotation of small grain-hay-cotton; established September 1939. I daho Emmett; Soil Conservation Service Demonstration Area; August 1938; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.; runoff measured from 2 watershed units of range land, ranging in size from 69.4 to 219.4 acres; rainfall measured at 4 recording and 4 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature. Idaho City; Boise Basin Branch and Arrowrock Substation; June 1933; address inquiries to Director, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service, Forest Service Building, Ogden, Utah; plant cover - bunchgrass and other range on granitic soils; area, 5,352 acres; runoff measured from 5 watershed units ranging in size from 10 to 200 acres and 6 lysimeters, 1/500 acre each; rainfall measured at 3 recording and 54 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, snow cover, soil loss, and suspended load. Moscow; Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station; October 1937; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Pullman, Wash.; measurements being made of soil and water losses from 6 small plots to determine effect of additions of organic matter to soil on erosion, runoff and soil structure. Moscow; Soil Conservation Service Demonstration Area; November 1937-; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; runoff measured from 2 watershed units of cultivated land, ranging in size from 146.8 to 177.9 acres; rainfall measured at 2 recording and 2 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature. Priest River; Benton Creek Experimental Area; December 1938; address Inquiries to Director, Northern Rocky Mountain Forest Experiment Station, 50 National Resources Planning Board Federal Building, Missoula, Mont.; area, 960 acres; plant cover, forest; runoff measured from 1 watershed; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, soil temperature, snow cover and soil moisture. Southeast Idaho*, Tetonia Substation of Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station; March 1939; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Aberdeen, Idaho; general land use, winter wheat-fallow; rainfall measurements made at 1 recording and 1 non-recording gage; observations also made of soil freezing, soil moisture, and soil loss, and of the effects of various types of tillage. 111i noi s Dixon Springs; Soil and Water Conservation Experiment Station; 1937; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Box 37, Urbana, Ill.; runoff and soil loss measured from 20 plots of farming land ranging in length of slope from 35 feet to 210 feet, size from 1/30 to 1/5 acre; crops - corn, winter wheat, lespedeza; severe and moderate grazing practiced on both treated and untreated land; rainfall measured at 6 recording and 16 non-recording gages; (Published) . Edwardsville; Soil Conservation Service Demonstration Area; March 1938; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; runoff measured from 4 watershed units of cultivated and pasture land ranging in size from 12.55 to 289.8 acres, of which the 12.55 acre watershed is terraced; rainfall measured at 8 recording and 8 nonrecordinggages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature. Urbana; Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, Agronomy Animal Husbandry Farms; 1940; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Box 37, Urbana, Ill.; runoff and soil loss measured from 2 plots of corn and 2 of oats with clover seeding, each plot approximately 1/4 acre in size; infiltration and runoff measured from 24 plots 1/600 acre in size; artificial rainfall applied three times yearly with Type F rainfall equipment; natural rainfall measured at 1 recording and 2 non-recording gages. I nd i ana La Fayette; Indiana State Agricultural Experiment Station; 1940; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; runoff measured from 20 watershed units of cultivated, woodland, and Appendix A 51 pasture lands ranging in-size from 1.7 to 3.5 acres; rainfall measured at 8 recording and 5 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, soil freezing, snow cover, and soil moisture. Observations of soil loss, suspended load, and chemical quality to be started soon. I owa Clarinda; Missouri Valley Loess Region Conservation Experiment Station; November 1931; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Post Office Box 341, Clarinda, also Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; runoff and soil loss measured from 4 watershed units of general farming land ranging in size from 2 to 3.2 acres; 23 plots ranging in size from 1/200 to 1/50 acres; 23 terraces ranging in size from 1 to 7 acres, and 24 lysimeters of 6 square feet each; rainfall measured at 15 recording and 33 non-recording gages; measurements also made of soil moisture. Six-year report published. Iowa City; Ralston Creek Area; September 1924; address inquiries to Prof. J. W. Howe, State University of Iowa, Iowa City; runoff (published) measured from 1 watershed unit of timber, pasture, and agricultural land, 1,925 acres; rainfall measured at 5 recording and 5 non-recording gages; observations also made of ground-water levels. Kansas Colby; Colby Branch Station; 1914; address Inquiries to Superintendent, Colby Branch Station, Colby, Kans.; (cooperative with Division of Dry Land Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.); land use, field crops. Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, humidity, snow cover, and soil moisture. Elkhart; Land Utilization Project; June 1939; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Elkhart, Kans.; observations made of soil moisture, grass root penetration and emergence and survival of grass plants; rainfall measured at 1 recording gage and also measurements are made of humidity, air temperature, air pressure, and wind velocities. Garden City; Garden City Branch Station; 1908; address inquiries to Superintendent, Garden City Branch Station, Garden City, Kans., cooperative with Division of Dry Land Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.; land use, field crops. Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, humidity, 52 National Resources Planning Board snow cover, ground-water levels, and soil moisture. For Information regarding work of the Soil Conservation started in July 1939, address Inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Garden City, Kans.; rainfall measured at 1 recording and 1 non-recording gage; observations made of soil moisture and soil loss under conditions of dry land farming. Hays', Fort Hays Branch Station; 1907; address inquiries to Superintendent, Fort Hays Branch Station, Hays, Kans. (Cooperative with Division of Dry Land Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.) ; land use, field crops. Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, humidity, soil temperature, snow cover, and soil moisture. Hays', Fort Hays Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station; July 1929; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Hays, Kans.; land use - general farming and grazing; runoff and soil loss measured from 11 plots ranging in size from 0.005 to 1.61 acres; rainfall measured at 1 recording and 2 non-recording gages; observation also made of air temperature, wind velocities and evaporation, soil moisture, contour furrowing and effects of grazing. Manhattan*, Agronomy Farm, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station; July 1938; address Inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Manhattan, Kans.; land use - general crops and fallow; observations made at 36 lysimeters, 1.8 square feet each; observations also made of air temperature, evaporation, soil temperature, and soil moisture. Lou i s i ana Baton Rouge; Perkins Road Experimental Farm, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, May 1938; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Louisiana State University, University, La.; land use, general farming; runoff measured from 27 plots, each 1/13 acre;' rainfall measured at 1 recording and 1 non-recording gage; observation also made of soil loss. Maine Ft. Fairfield and Presque Isle; Northern Maine Agricultural Experiment Station; October 1938; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Post Office Box 871, Presque Isle, Maine; land use -potatoes, hay, and grain; runoff and soil loss measured from 13 runoff Appendix A 53 plots each 1/50 acre; rainfall measured at 1 recording and 2 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, soil freezing, snow cover, and soil moisture. > Maryland College Park; Plant Research Farm of the University of Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station; August 1939; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; land use - general farming, truck, pasture, and woodland; runoff measured from 9 watershed units ranging in size from 3 to 15 acres; rainfall measured at 5 recording and 5 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, wind movement, soil temperature, soil freezing, snow cover, soil moisture, and soil loss.' Boonsboro; Hagerstown Soil Conservation Service Demonstration Area; established March 1938; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; land use - orchard and general farming; runoff measured from 5 watershed units of which 2 are terraced, ranging in size from 4.3 to 72 acres; rainfall measured at 8 recording and 8 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature. Michigan East Lansing; Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, 1941; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.; land use - crop and forest lands; runoff measured from 3 watershed units of 2 acres; rainfall measured at 2 recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, soil temperature, soil freezing, snow cover, soil moisture, soil loss, suspended load, and chemical quality. Mi ssi ssippi Holly Springs; Holly Springs (Chewalla) Work Center; September 1931; address inquiries to Director, Southern Forest Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service, Federal Office Building, New Orleans, La.; land use - forest, pasture, and abandoned agricultural land; runoff measured from 7 watershed units ranging in size from 1.32 to 4.23 acres and 42 plots (published) ranging in size from .0008 to .153 acre; rainfall measured at 2 recording and 28 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, soil temperature, ground-water level?, soil moisture, and soil loss. 54 National Resources Planning Board State College; Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station; May 1938; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station, State College, Miss.; land use, general farming; runoff and soil loss measured from 10 plots, 1/40 acre each; rainfall measured at 2 recording gages; observations also made of soil moisture. Vicksburg; Hydrological Research Project, U. S. Waterways Experiment Station; September 1939; address inquiries to U. S. Waterways Experiment Station, Box 631, Vicksburg; land use - 25 percent cultivated, 25 percent woodland, 50 percent pasture land; area 3,521 acres; runoff measured from 6 watershed units ranging in size from 91 to 1,620 acres; rainfall measured at 5 recording and 28 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, and ground-water levels. Missour i Bethany; Established 1930; shelby loam and associated soils; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, 22 Mumford Hall, Columbia, Mo., also Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; land use - general farming and grazing; area, 300 acres; runoff and soil loss measured from 8 watershed units ranging in size from 2.1 to 8 acres; 39 runoff plots ranging in size from 0.01 to 0.34 acre, and 21 terraces ranging in size from 0.6 to 2.5 acres; rainfall measured at 5 recording and 12 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, wind, and soil moisture. Five-year report published, 11-year report in preparation. McCredie; Midwest Claypan Soils Area; 1938; area - 300 acres; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, 22 Mumford Hall, Columbia, Mo.; land use - grazing and general farming; runoff and soil loss measured at 54 plots of 1/50 acre each; rainfall measured at 2 recording and 4 non-recording gages; studies made of the effects of grazing, rotations, seedings, soil treatments, contour furrowing, and subsoil shattering; hydraulic studies of vegetative channels. Montana Culbertson; Demonstration Project, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station; 1939; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Bozeman, Mont.; land use - grazing; rainfall measured at 9 recording and 6 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, and soil moisture. Appendix A 55 Havre1, Northern Montana Branch Stations; 1916; address inquiries to Superintendent, Northern Montana Branch Station, Havre, Mont., (cooperative with Division of Dry Land Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.) ; land use - field crops. Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, humidity, snow cover, and soil moisture. Huntley, Huntley Field Station; 1912; address inquiries to Superintendent, Huntley Field Station, Huntley, Mont. (Divisions of Irrigation, Agriculture, and Dry Land Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.) . Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, humidity, snow cover, soil moisture, and ground-water levels. Moccasin*, Judith Basin Branch Station; 1908; address inquiries to Superintendent, Judith Basin Branch Station, Moccasin, Mont., (cooperative with Division of Dry Land Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.; land use - field crops. Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, humidity, and snow cover. Nebraska Hastings*, Central Great Plains Experimental Watershed; 1937; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; land use - single and mixed cover agricultural land; area, 3,500 acres; runoff measured from 28 watershed units ranging in size from 3.4 to 3,490 acres and 8 plots, .69 acre; rainfall measured at 15 recording and 28 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, soil temperature, soil freezing, snow cover, and soil moisture. North Platte*, North Platte Sub-station; 1906; address Inquiries to Superintendent, North Platte Sub-station, North Platte, Nebr., (cooperative with Division of Dry Land Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.) ; land use - field crops and native grasses. Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, humidity, snow cover, and soil moisture. North Platte, Alliance, and Lincoln*, Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station; 1938; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Lincoln, Nebr.; 28 acres of grazing and general farming land; 56 National Resources Planning Board runoff measured from plots 7 feet by 35 feet at temporary locations; rainfall measured at 3 recording and 4 non-recording gages; observations also made of soil moisture, soil loss, and effect of straw mulches, incorporation of plant residues with the soil and type of tillage. Published. New Hampshire Durham} New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station; February 1940; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Durham, N.H.; land use, general farming; runoff and soil loss measured from 7 plots, 1/50 acre each; rainfall measured at 4 recording and 4 non-recording gages. New Jersey Beemervi11e; North Jersey Branch Experiment Station; September 1937; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, New Brunswick, N. J.; land use, dairy farming; runoff and soil loss measured from 10 plots, 0.02 acre each; rainfall measured at 14 recording (Includes Marlboro) and 16 non-recording gages; data available on the effects of contour tillage, silage cropping, and organic matter Incorporations with the soil. Published. Freehold} Soil Conservation Service Demonstration Area; February 1938; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; land use - truck, potatoes, and general farming with one 17.5 acre watershed terraced; runoff measured from 4 watershed units ranging in size from 17.5 to 102.7 acres; rainfall measured at 7 recording and 7 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, wind movement, and soil temperature. Marlboro} New Jersey Soil Erosion Research Station; June 1938, address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, New Brunswick; land use, intensified farming; runoff and soil loss measured from 24 plots ranging in size from 0.015 to 0.03 acre; rainfall measured (see Beemerville); observations also made of soil temperature, soil moisture, effect of organic matter treatments of the soil. New Mex ico Albuquerque} Soil Conservation Service Demonstration Area; June 1939; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; range land use; runoff measured from 3 watershed units Appendix A 57 ranging in size from 41 to 183 acres; rainfall measured at 5 recording and 5 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature. Gallup} Navajo Experiment Station; 1938; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Mexican Springs, N. Mex.; area, 21,000 acres;land use - grazing and sparse timber land; runoff and suspended load measured from 8 watershed units ranging in size from 200 to 21,000 acres; rainfall measured at 83 recording rain gages; observations made of air and soil temperatures, soil moisture, suspended load in runoff water, wind velocity and direction. Santa Fe} Soil Conservation Service Demonstration Area; June 1939; address Inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; range land use; runoff measured at 3 watershed units ranging in size from 52 to 790 acres; rainfall measured at 7 recording and 7 nonrecording gages; observations also made of air temperature and relative humidity. Tucumcari} Tucumcari Field Station; 1912; address Inquiries to Superintendent, Tucumcari Field Station, Tucumcari, N. Mex., (Division of Dry Land Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.); land use, field crops. Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, humidity, snow cover, and soil moisture. New York China (Near Deposit); Cold Spring Brook (tributary to West Branch Delaware River); November 1935; address inquiries to District Engineer, U. S. Geological Survey, Post Office Box 948, Albany, N. Y.; area - 1,020 acres; land use - State owned hardwood and softwood plantations; runoff (published) measured from 1 watershed unit of 1,020 acres; rainfall measured at 1 recording (published) and 1 non-recording gage; observations also made of air temperature, snow cover, and ground-water levels. Cohocton} Soil Conservation Service Demonstration Area; June 1936; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.; land use, mixed crops; runoff measured from 4 watershed units ranging in size from 13.8 to 2,215 acres; rainfall measured at 7 recording and 7 nonrecording gages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, wind movement, soil temperature, snow cover, and ground-water levels. 58 National Resources Planning Board East Homer; East Homer Creek (tributary to East Branch Tioghnioga River); October 1938; address inquiries to District Engineer, U. S. Geological Survey, Post Office Box 948, Albany, N. Y.; area- 4,530 acres of farms and hardwood forests; runoff (published) measured from 1 drainage basin, size 4,530 acres; rainfall measured at 1 recording (published) and 1 non-recording gage; observations also made of air temperature, snow cover (published) and ground-water levels. Geneva; New York State (Geneva) Agricultural Experiment Station; 1937; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, University of Maryland, College Park, Md.; land use - orchards and dairying; runoff and soil loss measured from 8 plots, 0.01 acre each; rainfall measured at 2 recording and 2 non-recording gages. Hammondsport; Finger Lakes Vineyard Area; 1936; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Bailey Hall, Ithaca, N. Y.; land use - vineyards for grapes; runoff measured from 4 plots, 1/4 acre each; observations also made of soil moisture and soil loss. Measurements of rainfall made (see Ithaca). Ithaca; Arnot Forest Experiment Station; July 1934; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, BaileyHall, Ithaca, N. Y.; land use - general farming and grazing; runoff measured from 26 plots ranging in size from 0.005 to 0.15 acre; rainfall measured at 17 recording (Including Hammondsport) and 32 non-recording gages;, observations also made of soil temperature, air temperature, humidity, wind movement, sunshine, evaporation, snow cover, soil moisture, air pressure, soil water levels and soil loss; also address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; land use - woodland and abandoned farms; 1940; runoff measured from 6 watershed units ranging in size from 9 to 18 acres; rainfall measured at 5 recording gages; observations made of air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, soil temperature, soil freezing, and snow cover. Marcellus; Upper Finger Lakes Region; 1938; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Bailey Hall, Ithaca, N. Y.; land use - dairying and general farming; runoff and soil loss measured from 31 plots ranging in size from 0.02 to 0.10 acre; rainfall measured at 4 recording and 15 non-recording gages. Observations also made of air temperature. South New Berlin; Sage Brook (tributary to Unadilla River); 1932; address inquiries to District Engineer, U. S. Geological Survey, Post Office Box 948, Albany, N. Y.; 450 acres State owned hardwood and softwood Appendix A 59 plantations; runoff (published) measured from 1 watershed unit of 450 acres; rainfall measured at 1 recording (published) and 1 non-recording gage; observations also made of air temperature, snow cover (published) , and ground-water levels. Truxton; Shackham Brook (tributary to East Branch of Tloghnioga River); November 1932; address inquiries to District Engineer, U. S. Geological Survey, Post Office Box 948, Albany, N. Y.; 2,000 acres largely State owned hardwood and softwood plantations; runoff (published) from 1 watershed unit of 2,000 acres; rainfall measured at 2 recording (published) gages; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, barometric pressure, evaporation, soil temperature, snow cover (published) , and ground-water levels. North Caroli na Asheville; Bent Creek Experimental Forest; July 1927; address inquiries to Director, Appalachian Forest Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service, Federal Building, Asheville, N. C.; land use - abandoned agricultural land, old field pastures, pine and hardwood forest; area, 5,900 acres; runoff measured from 8 watershed units ranging in size from 11 to 774 acres and 10 plots, each 64 square feet; rainfall measured at 31 non-recording gages and 4 recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, soil temperature, and soil loss. Franklin; Coweeta Experimental Forest; March 1934; address inquiries to Director, Appalachian Forest Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service, Federal Building, Asheville, N. C.; plant cover - Appalachian hardwood forest; area, 4,300 acres; runoff measured from 27 watershed units ranging in size from 4 to 4,000 acres; rainfall measured at 10 recording and 75 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, soil temperature, ground-water levels, soil moisture and suspended load. Raleigh; Bright Tobacco Producing Region; 1939; address Inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Raleigh, N. C.; land use -tobacco and pastures; runoff measured from 30 plots, each 1/20 acre; and 16 terraces, 0.4 to 1.0 acre; rainfall measured at 4 recording and 4 non-recording gages; measurements also made of air temperature at 1 place and soil loss at 12 plots. 60 National Resources Planning Board North Dakota Bottineau and Park River; Bottineau and Park River; June 1940; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Fargo, North Dakota; land use - wheat fallow; observations made of soil moisture, effect of contour furrows in pasture and incorporation of straw residues with the soil. Dickinson; Dickinson Sub-Station;. 1907; address inquiries to Superintendent, Dickinson Sub-Station, Dickinson, N. Dak., (cooperative with Division of Dry Land Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.); land use - field crops. Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, humidity, and snow cover. Mandan; Northern Great Plains Field Station; 1914; address inquiries to Superintendent, Northern Great Plains Field Station, Mandan, N. Dak., (cooperative with Division of Dry Land Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.); land use - field crops and native sod. Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, humidity, snow cover and soil moisture. Ohio Coshocton; North Appalachian Experimental Watershed; 1935; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; area - 31,300 acres of single and mixed cover agricultural land; runoff measured from 46 watershed units ranging in size from 0.82 acre to 31,300 acres and 9 lysimeters, each 87.1 square feet; rainfall measured at 41 recording and 64 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, soil temperature, soil freezing, snow cover, ground-water levels, soil moisture, soil loss and chemical quality. Hamilton; Soil Conservation Service Demonstration Area; May 1938; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; land use - cultivated farm land part of which is terraced; runoff measured from 4 watershed units ranging in size from 16.2 to 186.6 acres; rainfall measured at 6 recording and 6 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature. New Philadelphia; Muskingum Climatic Research Center; April 1937; address inquiries to Project Manager, Soil Conservation Service, New Philadelphia, Ohio; area, 8,000 square miles—the Muskingum Drainage Basin; Appendix A 61 500 recording rain gages, 200 recording anemometers, and 200 hydrothermographs. Information is collected on precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, wind direction and velocity. Data are published in tabular and map form. Zanesville*, Northwest Appalachian Experiment Station; 1932; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Box 208, Zanesville, Ohio; also Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.; area - 250 acres of grazing and general farming land; runoff measured from 9 watershed units ranging in size from 0.5 to 3.6 acres; 15 runoff plots ranging in size from 0.005 to 0.02 acres; and 20 terraces ranging in size from 0.4 to 1.9 acres; rainfall measured at 19 recording and 42 nonrecording gages; observations also made of soil loss. Five-year report published. Oki ahorna Cherokee*, Wheat-land Conservation Experiment Station; July 1939; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Box 465, Guthrie, Okla.; runoff measured from 9 watershed units ranging in size from 1.8 to 8.5 acres; 24 plots ranging in size from 3/4 to 4 acres, and 24 terraces ranging in size from 3/4 to 4 acres; observations also made of precipitation (see Guthrie) , air temperature, evaporation, and soil moisture. Guthrie*, Red Plains Conservation Experiment Station; 1929; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Box 465, Guthrie, Okla.; also Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; area - 270 acres of general farming land; runoff measured from 13 watershed units ranging in size from 2.5 to 100 acres and 17 plots ranging in size from 0.005 to 1 acre; rainfall observations made at 31 recording (includes Guthrie and Cherokee) and 23 non-recording gages; measurements also made of air temperature, evaporation, and soil moist,ure. Lawton*, Lawton Field Station; 1915; address inquiries to Superintendent, Lawton Field Station, Division of Dry Land Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Lawton, Okla.; land use, field crops. Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, snow cover, and soil moisture. Muskogee*, Soil Conservation Service Demonstration Project; September 1938; address Inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; land use - alfalfa, mixed crops, meadow; runoff measured 62 National Resources Planning Board from 4 watershed units ranging in size from 14 to 61.4 acres; precipitation measured at 6 recording and 6 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature. Woodward; Southern Great Plains Field Station; 1914; address inquiries to Superintendent, Southern Great Plains Field Station, Division of Dry Land Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Woodward, Okla.; land use - field crops and pastures. Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, humidity, snow cover, and soil moisture. Oregon Medford; Medford Branch Experiment Station; 1932; address inquiries to Superintendent, Medford Branch Experiment Station, Division of Fruit and Vegetable Crops and Diseases, Bureau of Plant Industry, Medford, Oreg.; irrigation—response of pear trees to soil moisture and climatic conditions. Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, evaporation, and soil moisture. Progress reports published. Moro; Sherman Branch Experiment Station; 1909; address inquiries to Superintendent, Sherman Branch Experiment Station, Moro, Oreg., (cooperative with Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases, Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C.) ; land use, field crops. Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, humidity, and soil moisture. Newberg; Soil Conservation Service Demonstration Area; 1938; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; land use - orchard and woodland; runoff measured from 4 watershed units ranging in size from 6.2 to 21.6 acres; rainfall measured at 4 recording and 4 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature. Pendleton; Pendleton Field Station; 1929; address inquiries to Superintendent, Pendleton Field Station, Pendleton, Oreg., (cooperative with Division of Dry Land Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.); land use, field crops. Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, snow cover, and soil moisture. Pendleton; Pendleton Field Station; March 1939; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Pendleton, Oreg.; land use, fallow-wheat ; observations made of air temperature, soil temperature, soil moisture, and effects of Incorporating straw residues with the soil. 63 Appendix A Pennsylvan i a State College and Arendtsville; Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station; 1934; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Post Office Box 301, State College, Pa.; land use - general farming, fruit and dairying; runoff measured from 28 plots ranging in size from 1/200 to 1/7 acre; rainfall measured at 4 recording and 14 non-recording gages; observations also made of soil moisture and effects of orchard mulching; published. Puerto Rico Mayaguez and Rio Pedras; Puerto Rico Experiment Station; January 1938; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico; land use, general farming; rainfall measured at 20 recording and 25 non-recording gages; observations also made of soil moisture and soil loss. South Caroli na Clemson; Clemson Agricultural Experiment Station; 1936; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Box 952, Clemson, S. C.; land use - cotton and general farming; runoff and soil loss measured from 18 plots ranging in size from .0025 to .01 acre; rainfall measured at 6 recording and 6 non-recording gages; observations also made of soil moisture and effects of incorporating organic matter with the soil. Greenville; Enoree River; January 1939; address inquiries to Sedimentation Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; land use -typical Piedmont watershed of woodland and cultivated land, mostly cotton, in about equal amounts; stream flow measured from 1 watershed unit of 64.4 square miles; rainfall measured at 10 recording gages; observations also made of air and stream temperature, stream bed surveys, dissolved load, suspended load, bed load, and turbidity; observations relate mostly to the transportation of suspended load and bed load and is the only station of its kind in the United States. South Dakota Newell; Belle Fourche Field Station; 1908; address inquiries to Superintendent, Belle Fourche Field Station, Newell, S. Dak.; Divisions of Irrigation Agriculture and Dry Land Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.; land use - field crops. Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, humidity, snow cover, and soil moisture. 64 Nati onal Resources Planning Board Brookings; Great Plains Area; June 1939; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Brookings, S.Dak.; land use - grazing and general farming; rainfall measured at 2 recording gages; studies and measurements made of wind movement. Tennessee Camden; Benton County Area; February 1941; address Inquiries to A. S. Fry, Head Hydraulic Engineer, Tennessee Valley Authority, 705 Union Bldg., Knoxville, Tenn.; land use - pasture; runoff measured from one 270 acre watershed; rainfall measured at 1 recording and 2 non-recording gages; observations also made of ground-water levels, and suspended load data included in sedimentation surveys. Copperhill; Copperhill Work Center; 1935; address Inquiries to Director, Appalachian Forest Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service, Federal Building, Asheville, N. C.; land condition - denuded, grassland, and hardwood forest; runoff measured from 6 watershed units ranging in size from 5 to 89 acres; rainfall measured at 6 recording and 14 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, soil moisture, and suspended load. Ducktown; Copper Basin Nos. 3 and 4; July 1940 (records previous to July 1940 collected by Appalachian Forest Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service); address inquiries to A. S. Fry, Head Hydraulic Engineer, Tennessee Valley Authority, 705 Union Bldg., Knoxville, Tenn.; plant cover Copper Basin No. 3 - grass and open ranged, Copper Basin No. 4 - grassed, fenced, grazed; runoff measured from one 5.76 acre watershed in Copper Basin No. 3 and one 6.4 acre watershed in Copper Basin No. 4; rainfall measured at 1 recording rain gage in each basin. Isabella; Copper Basin Nos. 5 and 6; July 1940 (records previous to July 1940 collected by Appalachian Forest Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service); address inquiries to A. S. Fry, Head Hydraulic Engineer, Tennessee Valley Authority, 705 .Union Bldg., Knoxville, Tenn.j plant cover (both basins denuded); runoff measured from one 15.36 acre watershed in Copper Basin No. 5 and one 4.38 acre watershed in Copper Basin No. 6; rainfall measured at 1 recording and 1 non-recording gage in each basin; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, and soil temperature. Appendix J 65 Lexington; Henderson County Area; February 1941; address inquiries to A. S. Fry, Head Hydraulic Engineer, Tennessee Valley Authority, 705 Union Bldg., Knoxville, Tenn.; land use, pasture; runoff measured from one 100 acre watershed; rainfall measured at 1 recording and 1 non-recording gage; observations made of ground-water levels; suspended load data included in sedimentation surveys. New Tazewell; Big Barren Creek; October 1934; address inquiries to A. S. Fry, Head Hydraulic Engineer, Tennessee Valley Authority, 705 Union Bldg., Knoxville, Tenn.; land use - mixed agriculture, pasture, and hardwood forest; runoff and suspended load measured from one 14,400 acre watershed; rainfall measured at 1 recording gage. Sharps Chapel; White Creek; November 1934; address Inquiries to A. S. Fry, Head Hydraulic Engineer, Tennessee Valley Authority, 705 Union Bldg., Knoxville, Tenn.; plant cover, hardwood forest; runoff and suspended load measured from one 1,715 acre watershed; rainfall measured at 3 recording gages. Sneedville; Big Sycamore Creek; November 1934; address Inquiries to A. S. Fry, Head Hydraulic Engineer, Tennessee Valley Authority, 705 Union Bldg., Knoxville, Tenn.;land use - mixed agriculture, pasture, and hardwood forest; runoff and suspended load measured from one 3,522 acre watershed; rainfall measured at 1 recording and 1 non-recording gage. Wales; Giles County Area; February 1940; address inquiries to A. S. Fry, Head Hydraulic Engineer, Tennessee Valley Authority, 705 Union Bldg., Knoxville, Tenn.; land use, pasture; runoff measured from one 100.5 acre watershed; rainfall measured at 1 recording and 1 non-recording gage; observations also made of ground-water levels; suspended load data included in sedimentation surveys. Texas Amari Ho; Texas Panhandle Region; 1938; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Amarillo, Texas; rainfall measured at 2 recording and 15 non-recording gages; measurements also made of air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, soil moisture and soil loss. Amarillo; Amarillo Soil and Water Conservation Experiment Station; 1936; land use - grasses, sorghums, and corn; address Inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Amarillo, Tex.; rainfall measured at 1 recording and 5 non-recording gages; studies also made of air temperature, wind movement, soil moisture, soil loss, and sand dune elimination. 66 National Resources Planning Board Big Spring; Big Spring Field. Station; 1915; address Inquiries to Superintendent, Big Spring Field Station, Division of Dry Land Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Big Spring, Tex.; land use, field crops. Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, humidity, snow cover, and soil moisture. Dalhart; Dalhart Field Station; 1908; address inquiries to Superintendent, Dalhart Field Station, Division of Dry Land Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Dalhart, Tex.; land use, field crops. Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, humidity, snow cover and soil moisture. Mesquite; Garland Soil Conservation Service Demonstration Area; August 1938; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.; land use - cultivated, meadow, terraced and strip cropped; runoff measured from 6 watershed units ranging in size from 10.4 to 97 acres; rainfall measured at 7 recording and 7 non-recording gages; observations made of air temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature. Spur; Rolling Plains, Texas Agricultural Experiment Substation No. 7; 1928; address inquiries to Superintendent, Soil Conservation Service, Spur, Tex.; 400 acres of grazing and cotton land; runoff measured from 7 watershed units ranging in size from 5 to 12 acres; 8 runoff plots 1/75 acre each, 5 terraces, 6 to 9 acres; and 16 (oil drum) lysimeters; rainfall measured at 2 recording and 3 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, evaporation, soil moisture and soil loss. Thirteen-year report published. Temple; Blackland Experiment Station; 1929; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Box 414, Temple, Tex.; area - 547 acres of general agricultural lands; runoff measured from 2 watershed unites of 2.2 acres each, 25 plots ranging in size from 0.005 to 1.39 acres; 20 terraces ranging in size from 1 to 4 acres, and 12 lysimeters, 6 square feet each; rainfall measured at 7 recording and 29 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, windmovement, evaporation, soil temperature and soil loss. Seven-year report published. Tyler; Arkansas-Louisiana-East Texas Sandy Lands; 1930; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Route 9, Tyler, Tex.; also Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.; area - 173 acres general farming lands; runoff measured from 3 watershed units ranging in size from 1.7 to 7.9 acres, 23 plots ranging in size from Ap-pendix A 67 0.005 to 0.067 acres, 22 terraces ranging from 0.7 to 3.6 acres; rainfall measured at 9 recording and 11 non-recording gages; measurements also made of soil loss. Seven-year report published. Vega; Soil Conservation Service Demonstration Area; March 1938; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; land use - wheat and range lands; runoff measured from 3 watershed units ranging in size from 21.2 to 129.4 acres; rainfall measured at 7 recording and 7 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature. Waco; Blacklands Experimental Watershed; 1936; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; land use - single and mixed cover agricultural land; runoff measured from 31 watershed units ranging from 3 to 5,860 acres and 4 plots of 0.243 acre; rainfall measured at 35 recording and 78 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, soil temperature, snow cover, ground-water levels, soil moisture, soil loss, suspended load, sedimentation, and chemical quality. Utah Ephraim; Great Basin Branch Station; 1914; address inquiries to the Director, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station; U. S. Forest Service, Forest Service Building, Ogden, Utah; plant cover - herbaceous mountain range plants, aspen, fir and woodland; area, 5,000 acres; runoff measured from 10 watershed units, 10 to 1,866 acres, and 6 plots, each 0.1 acre; rainfall measured at 1 recording and 20 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, snow cover, soil moisture and soil loss. Farmington; Wasatch Forest; 1936; address inquiries to the Director, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service, Forest Service Bldg., Ogden, Utah; plant cover - brush, forest and range; area, 3,000 acres; runoff measured from 14 watershed units ranging in size from 3 to 6,500 acres, 42 plots ranging in size from 1/200 to 1/10 acre; rainfall measured at 9 recording and 123 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, wind movement, soil temperature, soil moisture, snow cover, ground-water levels and soil loss. Vermont Burlington; Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station; May 1940; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, 590 Main Street, 68 National Resources Planning Board Burlington, Vt.; land use - pasture, hay, and corn; runoff measured from 13 plots ranging in size from 0.005 to 0.0225 acres; rainfall measured at 4 non-recording gages; observations also made of soil freezing, soil moisture, and soil loss. Virginia Blacks burg', Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station; 1937; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Blacksburg, Va.; general land use, pasture; runoff measured from 2 plots, 1/25 acre each; rainfall measured at 7 recording and 2 non-recording gages; observations also made of soil moisture and effects of contour furrowing; also address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; land use, general farming; April 1939; runoff measured from 2 watershed units, 5.44 and 20 acres; precipitation measured at 1 recording and 1 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, soil temperature, and soil moisture. Honaker', Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and Tennessee Valley Authority cooperatively; 1941; address inquiries either to W. H. Dickerson, Jr., Assistant Agricultural Engineer, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia, or A. S. Fry, Head Hydraulic Engineer, Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville, Tennessee; determination of the nature and extent of relationships that exist between certain farm management practices and the control and utilization of water on the land and in their relationships to water in the streams and reservoirs; watershed of Thompson Creek approximating 20 square miles; runoff measurements from five subdivisions of watershed; rainfall measurements at six recording and fourteen nonrecording gages; observations made of both bed and suspended loads in stream runoff; observations also made by agriculturists of farm management practices and changes and cooperatively with hydraulic engineers evaluating the effects of such changes on hydrologic conditions. Chatham*, Danville Soil Conservation Service Demonstration Area; July 1938; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; land use - cultivated and terraced; runoff measured from 3 watershed units ranging in size from 13.3 to 17.1 acres; rainfall measured at 3 recording and 3 non-recording gages; observations made of air temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature. ; Appendix A 69 Wash ¡ngton Dayton-, Dayton Soil Conservation Service Demonstration Area; 1939; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, Do Co; area - 19.2 acres of cultivated land; runoff measured from 1 watershed unit, size 19.2 acres; rainfall measured at 2 recording and 2 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature. Lind; Adams Branch Experiment Station; 1932; address inquiries to Superintendent, Adams Branch Experiment Station, Lind, Wash.; runoff measured from one watershed unit, size 377 acres; land use - wheat, fallow, and grass; rainfall measured at one recording and one non-recording gage; measurements made of air temperature, humidity, wind movement, and evaporation. Pullman; Pacific Northwest Area; 1930; address Inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Pullman, W'ash., also Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; land use - wheatfallow and grass; runoff (published) measured from 4 watershed units ranging in size from 14 to 762 acres and 42 plots ranging in size from 0.005 to 0.02 acres; rainfall measured at 6 recording and 12 non-recording gages; measurements made of soil moisture and soil loss. Six year report published. Prosser; Irrigation Branch Experiment Station; 1924; address inquiries to Agronomist in Charge, Division of Irrigation Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Irrigation Branch Experiment Station, Prosser, Wash.; Irrigated crops, quality of water, soil moisture, use of irrigation water. Prosser; Irrigation Branch Experiment Station; Feb. 1939; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Irrigation Branch Experiment Station, Prosser, Wash.; irrigated crops; hydrologic studies of factors affecting soil erosion under irrigation; soil moisture, infiltration, soil loss, use of irrigation water. Wi scons i n Fennimore; Soil Conservation Service Demonstration Area; June 1938; address inquiries to Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; land use - cultivated farm land; runoff measured from 4 watershed units ranging in size from 22.8 to 330 acres; rainfall measured at 9 recording and 9 non-recording gages; observations also made of air temperature, relative humidity, and soil temperature. 70 National Resources Planning Board La Crosse; Upper Mississippi Valley Erosion Experiment Station; 1932; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Box 667, La Crosse, Wis.; or Hydrologic Division, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C.; land use - general farming; runoff observed at 3 watershed units of 2.62 acres each, 60 plots ranging in size from 0.005 to 0.033 acre, 4 terraces and 12 lysimeters, 6 square feet each; rainfall measured at 9 recording and 19 non-recording gages; observations also made of soil temperature, snow cover, soil freezing and soil loss. Four-year report published, also address inquiries to Director, Lakes States Forest Experiment Station, University Farm, St. Paul, Minn.; plant cover or land use - grazed and ungrazed oak-hickory woods and pasture; 1934; runoff measured from 3 watershed units ranging in size from 2.67 to 11.50 acres, and 10 lysimeters, each 200 sq. ft.; rainfall measured at 1 recording and 2 non-recording gages. Wyoming Archer; Archer Field Station; 1913; address Inquiries to Superintendent, Archer Field Station, Cheyenne, Wyo., (cooperative with Division of Dry Land Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.); land use - field crops and native grass. Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, humidity, snow cover and soil moisture. Archer; Eastern Wyoming Great Plains Area; 1938; address inquiries to Project Supervisor, Soil Conservation Service, Agronomy Department, Wyoming University, Laramie, Wyo.; land use - pasture land; rainfall observed at 2 recording gages; observations also made of soil moisture and effect on contour furrows. Sheridan; Sheridan Field Station; 1916; address inquiries to Superintendent, Sheridan Field Station, Sheridan, Wyo., (Division of Dry Land Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.) ; land use — field crops. Observations made of precipitation, air temperature, wind movement, evaporation, humidity, snow cover and soil moisture. Appendix A 71 LOCAL OFFICES OF FEDERAL AGENCIES AT WHICH INFORMATION CONCERNING AVAILABILITY OF HYDROLOGIC DATA MAY BE OBTAINED (a, represents the Forest Service; b, Geological Survey; c, Soil Conservation Service; d, U. S. Engineer Dept,; e, the Weather Bureau; and f, Bureau of Plant Industry) ALABAMA GEORGIA MAINE Auburn (c) Athens (c) Augusta (b) Mobile (d, e) Atlanta (b. e, d) * Fairfield (c) Montgomery (a. b, c, e) Augusta (e) Portland (e) Tuscaloosa (bj Macon (e) Savannah (b, d, e) MARYLAND «!»»* Watkinsville (c) Baltimore (d, e) Phoenix (e) Hawaii College Park (b, c) Tucson (a, b, c) MAWA11 Yuma (e) Honolulu (b, d, e) MASSACHUSETTS ARKANSAS IDAHO Boston (b, d, e) Bentonville (c) Aberdeen (c) MICHIGAN Fayetteville (c) Boise (b, e) m Fort Smith (b, e) Idaho Falls (b) rrand Lnwiciol Little Rock (d, e) Moscow (c) ' Sina ?^ ( ) Pocatello (e) Lansing (e; CALIFORNIA . . MINNESOTA Baldwin park (c) Illinois Berkeley (a. c) Cairo (e) Mlnnlano?Ui el Elsineor (ci Chicago (d, e) K™Sd e)( ' Eureka (e) Rock Island (d st Paul a b d) Fallbrook (c) Springfield (e) st- Paul (a’ °' Fresno (e) Urbana (b, c) MlccnilD. Fullerton (c) MISSOURI Long Beach (b) INDIANA Columbia (c, e) Los Angeles (b, c, d, e) Evansville (e) Kansas City (d, e) Oceanside (c) Fort wlynl e Rol1.a , x Pasadena (c) L Fayette c Springfield (e) Sacramento (d, e) indianannii^ ih pl St. Joseph (e) San Diego (e) Indianapolis (b, e) su Loui£ e) San Fernando (c) .0WA San Francisco (b, d, e) MISSISSIPPI San Jacinto (c) Burlington (e) Meridian (e) Santa Barbara (b) Clarinda (c) nvfnrd fhY Santa Paula (c) Davenport (e) ?iÄiq (d e) “° ,, &W “»"TANA SrVe Billings (c, e) Fort Collins (a, c) KANSAS Bozeman c) PueM0 (e) Slit &