[Annual Report of the Department of the Interior 1936]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]
LIBRARY OF
WELLESLEY COLLEGE
PRESENTED BY
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
DEPARTMENT OF THE
INTERIOR
1936
SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
ALASKA - HAWAII
VIRGIN ISLANDS - PUERTO RICO
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1936
ORDER OF ARRANGEMENT OF ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Sec re ta ry of the Int er io r
Gov er no r of Ala ska
Gov ern or of Hawa ii
Gov ern or of Vir gi n Isla nd s
Go v er n o r of Pue rt o Ric o
€4
T h e N e w D e p a r t m e n t o f t h e In t e r io r b u i l d i n g .
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
SECRETARY OF THE
INTERIOR
4^
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30
1936
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON: 1936
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 50 cents (Paper cover)
A
CONTENTS
Page
Letter of transmittal___________________________________________ vn
A record for reclamation____________________________________ vi i
Other noteworthy achievements________________________________ vm
The inventory of land, water, and minerals_____________________ ix
Development of water resources______________________________ ix
Progress of Grand Coulee____________________________________ ix
Utilization of mineral resources___ -___________________________ x
Coordination of oil and gas conservation______________________ xi
Increase in mineral-lease business_____________________________ xi
Mining and refining research_________________________________ xn
Land surface—its protection and use_________________________ xni
Two new national parks_____________________________________ xiv
Efforts to save the public range______________________________ xiv
Human welfare____________________________________________ xv
New Deal for Indians______________________________________ xv
Territories and island possessions_____________________________ xvi
Conclusion________________________________________________ xvi
Repo rt by Div isio ns an d Bur ea us
The Solicitor__________________________
Division of Investigations____________
Investigations_______________________
Federal Emergency Administration
of Public Works_ —
Oil enforcement____________________
Board on Geographical Names______
Division of Grazing__________________
Organization______________________
Administration of grazing districts________________
Grazing districts________________
Cooperative agreements_________
Improvements-----------------------------
Stock driveways________________
Wildlife protection______________
Classification of lands_____________
Emergency conservation work____
Fire and floods_________________
Educational program____________
Division of Territories and Island
Possessions________
Virgin Islands_____________________
Puerto Rico________________________
Alaska______________________________
Hawaii_____________________________
Petroleum Administrative Board____
Petroleum Conservation Division__
Federal Tender Board No. 1____
Federal Petroleum Agency No. 1_
War Minerals Relief Commission____
Action in the Supreme Court of
the District of Columbia___
Action in the Court of Appeals for
the District of Columbia____
In the Seventy-fourth Congress__
National Bituminous Coal Commission
_______________
Office of Exhibits___________________
Division of Motion Pictures_________
The Adviser on Negro Affairs_______
Bureau of Reclamation______________
Worth of policy proved_____________
Conservation of small streams____
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Bureau of Reclamation—Continued. Page
Improved conditions of Federal
projects---------------------- 54
Construction program goes forward. 55
Lake Mead_________________________ 55
Construction activities during fis-
. cal year-------------------------------- 55
Statistical data____________________ 59
Contracts__________________________ 60
Settlement_________________________ 60
Emergency conservation work_____ 60
Gila Valley project, Arizona_______ 61
Salt River project, Arizona________ 61
All-American Canal project, Arizona-
California _____ 62
Yuma project, Arizona-California__ 62
Boulder Canyon project. Arizona-
Nevada ______________ 63
Central Valley project, California. 64
Orland project, California_________ 65
Parker Dam project, California___ 65
Grand Valley project, Colorado__ 65
Pine River project, Colorado_______ 66
Uncompahgre project, Colorado___ 66
Boise project, Idaho_______________ 66
Minidoka project, Idaho____________ 67
Upper Snake River project, Idaho. 67
Bitter Root project, Montana____ 67
Frenchtown project, Montana____ 68
Huntley project, Montana_________ 68
Milk River project, Montana_______ 68
Sun River project, Montana_______ 68
Lower Yellowstone project, Montana-
North Dakota__ 69
North Platte project, Nebraska-
Wyoming_____________ 69
Humboldt project, Nevada_________ 70
Newlands project, Nevada_________ 70
Truckee River storage project, Nevada__________________
70
Carlsbad project, New Mexico____ 70
Rio Grande project, New Mexico-
Texas________________________ 71
Umatilla project, Oregon__________ 71
Vale project, Oregon______________ 71
III
IV CONTENTS
Bureau of Reclamation—Continued.
Klamath project, Oregon-California
___________________
Owyhee project, Oregon-Idaho-------
Belle Fourche project, South Dakota
__________________
Colorado River project, Texas-------
Hyrum project, Utah---------------------
Moon Lake project, Utah_________
Ogden River project, Utah--------------
Provo River project, Utah--------------
Sanpete project, Utah--------------------
Strawberry Valley project, Utah —
Weber River project, Utah_________
Columbia Basin project, Washington
___________________
Okanogan project, Washington-------
Yakima project, Washington----------
Casper-Alcova project, Wyoming—
Riverton project, Wyoming----------
Shoshone project, Wyoming----------
Secondary investigations----------------
Tables______________________________
The National Park Service--------------
Emergency conservation work--------
Works Progress Administration
work camps------------------
Recreational demonstration projects_____________________
Cooperation with State park authorities
and legislation
therefor______________
State and municipal recreation
studies inaugurated-------
Land changes in national park and
monument system-----
New national parks--------------------
Land changes in existing members
of system--------------
■Status of national park and monu-
«■.. ment projects authorized by
Congress ____________________
Newly authorized projects----------
Proposed additions to the national
Park system-------------------------
Proposed new national monuments
and important monument
extensions-----------------
Planning and construction activities___________________
Park-road development----------------
Parkway projects-------------------------
Historic American Buildings Survey
—
Radio communications in park administration
—
Historical and archeological developments-------
--------
Naturalist activities-----------------------
Natural history schools--------------
Library developments----------------
Natural history, museum, and library
associations--------
Scientific research and discoveries—
Enlarged geological program-----
Cooperation with the United
States Geological Survey—
Museum developments----------------
Wildlife protection-------------------------
Activities in fish conservation—
Animal reduction program----------
Sanitation in the parks------------------
Publications and publicity--------------
Posters__________________________
Radio broadcasts-------------------------
Press releases and other newspaper
and magazine publicity
—
Lectures--------------------------------------
Visual education-------------------------
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Forest protection and fire prevention
__________________
Forest-fire protection____________
Insect control___________________
Blister-rust control---------------------
Tree preservation and repair___
Type mapping___________________
Fire protection for buildings___
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The National Park Service—Contd.
Accommodations for the public furnished
by private capital—
National Capital parks------------------
Maintenance of Federal buildings—
Space-control program----------------
New Interior Department Building—
Appropriations, donations, and
revenues _____________
Appropriations___________________
Cash donations___________ _ ___
Revenues_________________________
Appropriations, 1937 fiscal year_
Public works_ .__________________
Conclusion________________________
Tables------ ------------,---------------------------
Office of Indian Affairs---------------------
Foreword----------------------------------------
Indian organization_______________
Applied anthropological research__
Indian Arts and Crafts Board-------
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Indian justice administration reorganized
___________
Education__________________________
Health_____________________ ________
Extension and industry____________
Relief and rehabilitation program-
Construction------------------------------------
Cooperation with Soil Conservation
Service-------- .-----
Indian emergency conservation
work________________
Indian lands and minerals—tribal
claims-----------------------
Probate work----------------------------------
Forestry and grazing---------------------
Irrigation----------------------------------------
Roads_______________________________
Personnel administration----------------
Employment of Indians------------------
Appropriations---------------------------------
Appendix (Indian population)--------
Office of Education-----------------------------
Foreword_______________________ ■—
I. General outlook in education-----
1. Developments during the year_
In public schools---------------
In the colleges-------------------------
Provisions for youth------------ —
2. Participation in emergency
education activities____
Civilian Conservation Corps—
Works Progress Administration
_______________ _______
Public Works Administration__
II. The Office of Education during
1935-36______________
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1. New services__________________ 238
Special projects_______________ 238
State school specialist_______ 240
Conservation education_______ 240
New Library Division_________ 241
Federal radio education committee______________________
241
2. Research_______________________ 242
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Organization, administration,
and supervision---------------- 242
Progressive practices in rural
schools------------------------------ 243
Records and reports------------------ 243
School health__________________ 243
Financing education__________ 244
Education of exceptional children----------------------------------
244
Native and minority groups-- 245
Programs for youth____________ 245
Statistical studies_____________ 246
Guidance_______________________ 247
Educational measurement_____ 247
Legislation____________________ 247
Parent education______________ 247
Teacher training and personnel
problems______________ 248
3. Stimulation and coordination
of research_____________ 250
Bibliographies, theses collection.
etc___________________ 250
Aid to students of foreign
school systems------------------ 250
CONTENTS
Office of Education—Continued.
II. The Office of Education during
1935-36—Continued.
4. Policy-making in education_
Relations with State departments
of education_______
Membership on committees on
policies and standards___
Conferences-------------------------------
5. Field service_____________ ___
Consultative service__________
Participation in meetings____
Cooperation with professional
and public-service groups__
6. Public information service_
Publications and publicity____
Publications issued or prepared
for printing during the
year----------------------------------
Evaluation of foreign credentials
and translations____
Library service________________
7. Administration of the Office-
Appropriations______________
Howard University report____
The land-grant colleges and
universities_______________
III. Vocational education___ ____
Composition of the Federal
Board for Vocational Education________________________
Development of national policy__
Cooperative services to the
States_______—_______ _______
Contribution to relief of unemployment
_______________
New problems of the all-day and
part-time vocational school
program_________________
Apprentice training_____ '________
Occupational adjustment training
—
Cooperation with other agencies-
Research and publications_______
Appropriations : 1936 and 1937__
General Education Board_____________
General Land Office___________________
Taylor Grazing Act________________
Emergency conservation work____
Areas to which activities of the
General Land Office extended
_______________________
Cadastral engineering service_____
Receipts and expenditures_________
Repayments_________ _______________
Homesteads_________________________
Homestead entries in national forests—
Miscellaneous appeals in ex parte
cases__________________
Contests, other than mineral contests----------
----------------
Timber and stone entries_________
Mineral leases and mining claims__
Rights-of-way_______________________
Federal reclamation projects_______
Private irrigation projects_________
Desert land act_____________________
Carey Act__________________________
Pittman Act________________________
Swamp and overflowed lands_____
State grants and selections, except
under Taylor Grazing Act__
Railroad grants and selections____
Revested Oregon and California
Railroad and reconveyed
Coos Bay Wagon Road grant
lands________________________
Abandoned Military Reservations__
Alaska ______________________________
Aviation leases____ ________________
Color of title_______________________
Exchanges of privately owned
lands, except under Taylor
Grazing Act________________
Indian lands and claims____________
Private-land claims________________
S o 1 d i e r s’ additional homestead
rights_________
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General Land Office—Continued.
Timber___________________________
Town lots and townsites____________
Trespass___________________________
Miscellaneous cases considered____
Withdrawals and restorations____
Mineral withdrawals and classifications_______________
Tables______________________________
Geological Survey_____________________
General summary of the year’s activities_______________
Geologic Branch___________________
Summary_____________ ____ _______
Work of the year by States_____
Work in chemistry and physics__
Alaskan Branch___________________
Topographic Branch_______________
General Office Work_____________
Field surveys____ _______________
Water-Resources Branch____________
Summary--------------------------------------
Work of the year, by divisions—
Conservation! Branch______________
Mineral-Classification Division__
Water and Rower Division_______
Mining and Oil- and Gas-Leasing
Divisions____________________
Public Works projects____________
Summary of field activities, by
States --------------------------
Work on publications______________
Library _____________________________
Appropriations and expenditures__
Bureau of Mines_____________________
Summary____________________________
Future needs_______________________
Technologic Branch________________
Mechanical Division_____________
Mining Division__________________
Metallurgical Division------------------
Petroleum and Natural-Gas Division___________________
Experiment Stations Division___
Explosives Division______________
Office of the Principal Mineralogist__________________
Office of Chief Mining Engineer-
Economics and Statistics Branch__
Coal Economics Division________
Metals and Nonmetals Division-
Petroleum Economics Division__
Foreign Mineral Service Division____________________
Mineral Resources and Economics
Division___________
Health and Safety Branch________
Health Division__________________
Safety Division__________________
Administrative Branch___________
Information Division___________
Office Administration Division__
Accounts____ ■____________________
St. Elizabeths Hospital_______________
Movement of population____________
Administrative Department________
Office of the Assistant to the
Superintendent_________
Recreational, vocational, and occupational
work________
Medical Department_______________
Revision of laws for the admission
of patients to St. Elizabeths
Hospital_______
Staff changes July 1, 1935, to
June 30, 1936_______________
Publications________________________
Howard University___________________
General trends_____________________
Students____________________________
Graduates___________________ _______
Teaching staff_____________________
Graduate school____________________
The College of Liberal Arts_______
Military science and tactics________
School of Engineering and Architecture_______________
School of Music____________________
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VI CONTENTS
Howard University—Continued.
School of Medicine________________
College of Medicine-------------------------
College of Dentistry_______________
College of Pharmacy-----------------------
School of Law_____________________
School of Religion________________
University Library_____ v-----------------
Buildings and grounds_____________
Finances____________________________
Freedmen’s Hospital__________________
Patients_____________________________
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Freedmen’s Hospital—Continued.
Needs_______________________________
Columbia Institution for the Deaf___
Health______________________________
Courses of instruction______________
Needs of the institution____________
Research work_____________________
Receipts and expenditures_________
Presentation day___________________
The Alaska Railroad__________________
The Perry’s Victory Memorial Commission
___________
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‘ ILLUSTRATION
The New Department of the Interior Building.
Page
Frontispiece
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
The Sec re ta ry of th e Int er io r ,
'Washington.
My Dea r Mr . Pre side nt : I have the honor to transmit the annual
report of the Department of the Interior for the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1936.
The work of the Department of the Interior is concerned predominantly
with the custodianship of a vast national estate. More
than 95 percent of the annual and permanent appropriations made
for the work of the Department during the fiscal year 1936 are for
taking an inventory of the natural physical resources of the United
States, for undertaking the wise development and use of such resources,
and for the education, health, and recreation of the people
of the nation. It is a department of conservation—conservation of
those physical and human resources on which depend the future of
America.
Water, land, and minerals—these three comprise the base for a
program of conservation of natural resources. Knowledge of their
existence in quality, quantity, and location, followed by wise development
of water resources, prudent use of land and its products, and
orderly exploitation of mineral deposits, without waste, will insure
a sound and permanent foundation for the material welfare of the
citizens of the United States.
A RECORD FOR RECLAMATION
The advancement made during the year in the conservation of
the waters of the arid West through the construction program of
the Bureau of Reclamation by far outdistanced that recorded in any
previous year. With the expenditure in the fiscal year of $52,336,-
329.32, operating projects were improved, new projects were completed
for the protection and the creation of agricultural communities
in the arid States, and several worthy, self-liquidating projects
were launched. The employment provided in this undertaking was
an important factor in advancing recovery throughout the West.
Boulder Dam was completed. The treacherous Colorado River
was permanently harnessed for the benefit of the people of the Pacific
Southwest. The threat of flood and drought was forever removed
from the Imperial Valley of California.
In addition, three other dams, smaller, but in their districts not
less important than Boulder Dam, were completed and put in service.
Work progressed satisfactorily on nearly a score of dams designed
by the Bureau of Reclamation to regulate and make useful the waters
of as many streams from Washington to Texas.
But new and additional construction does not tell the whole story
of reclamation for the year. It was a profitable and successful
period for the operating projects. Reservoirs in use caught ample
VII
VIII ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR ,
waters for irrigation. Crops were good and crop prices were
satisfactory.
Even with a new and severe drought developing as the fiscal year
drew to a close, the prospects for the summer of 1936 on Federal
reclamation projects were most encouraging. With two exceptions,
reclamation reservoirs filled as the spring thaws ran off the mountainous
watersheds. However, the shortages in prospect for these
two projects apparently would leave them in no danger of disastrous
crop losses. Proration of water would be necessary, but the areas
to be served still would be in a. position incomparably better than the
unprotected dry regions that surrounded them.
The fiscal year of 1936, by its actual results, gave a new demonstration
of the benefit to the West and the nation of our national
reclamation policy.
OTHER NOTEWORTHY ACHIEVEMENTS
Among the achievements of this department during this administration
was the successful organization and operation of the Grazing
Division. Set up to curb overgrazing on public lands, this Division
has operated differently than most Government bureaus. A system
of self-regulation by stockmen under Federal supervision is working
out to the benefit of some 142 million acres of public land as well as
to the satisfaction of the users of the public domain. After a series
of public hearings throughout the western grazing country, with the
General Land Office, the Geological Survey and local stockmen cooperating,
grazing districts were set up with local directors, and the
program of conserving grazing land is now well under way.
The long period of exploitation of the American Indian has ended.
The' Wheeler-Howard Act made mandatory a complete change in
Indian policy. Until this reform, two-thirds of the 139 million acres
owned by Indian tribes in 1887 had been lost, tribal bonds had been
disrupted and an increasing number of Indians had been rendered
landless. The Wheeler-Howard Act prohibits the sale of Indian
lands except to the tribes. It provides for consolidation of Indian
lands. It sets up a process which enables Indians voluntarily to
return their individual landholdings to a tribal status.
There is no compulsion upon any Indian tribe or reservation to
accept the benefits of the Wheeler-Howard Act. Each tribe is given
the privilege of deciding by an election whether it wants to accept or
reject the advantages offered. Thus far, the great majority of tribes
have enthusiastically voted for the new policy.
Since the death of the petroleum code, the Connally Act has made
it possible to check overproduction of this valuable and irreplaceable
resource. The Petroleum Conservation Division now is carrying on
this work. This administration is the first to undertake any Federal
regulation of petroleum.
Consolidation of all Federal park activities under the National
Park Service by Executive order has brought about, for the first
time, a unified administration of the various national parks and monuments.
The Congress has empowered the Secretary of the Interior
to designate outstanding historic sites for preservation by the Nation.
A Branch of Historic Sites and Buildings has been set up in the
National Park Service under an assistant director.
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR IX
THE INVENTORY OF LAND, WATER, AND MINERALS
Surveying and platting, examination and classification of the public
and Indian lands; geologic and topographic surveying and mapping
of the country; examination of the geologic structure, the mineral
resources and products of the national domain; gaging streams
and determining the water supply of the Nation and reporting on the
best methods of utilizing water resources; and making statistical reports
on the mineral resources of the United States and of the world
have long been functions of the Department.
An inventory of the natural resources of America is being made.
The task is great, appropriations are relatively small, and the work
proceeds slowly. Since we must know what and where our resources
are before a comprehensive plan for their utilization can be made
and, since intelligent planning must precede wise development and
prudent use in the interest of conservation, there should be a speeding
up of stock taking so that it will be completed within a short span
of years. Segments of an accelerated program of inventory taking
have been authorized by the Congress, but so far no appropriation
has been made.
DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCES
Selection of sites for reservoirs and other hydraulic works necessary
for the storage and utilization of water for irrigation and the
prevention of floods and overflow’s; the development of water-supply
systems for domestic use, power, irrigation, and other beneficial uses
on Indian lands or for the Indian people; and the construction of
irrigation systems and regulating reservoirs, often with incidental
development of water-power in the public-land States constitute a
major function of the Department and have played an important
part in the upbuilding of the West by the pioneers and their
descendants.
Private development of water resources affecting the public lands
for irrigation, domestic purposes, power, mining, and other beneficial
uses, under the auspices of the Department, has paralleled the development
through public funds, although since 1920 the Federal Power
Commission has had jurisdiction over the major portion of the new
developments of water pov’ers, in cooperation v-ith this and other
interested departments.
The most spectacular of the accomplishments of the year was the
completion of Boulder Dam, an unprecedented event in the annals of
engineering. No longer can floods from above Grand Canyon
threaten devastation to the fertile lands and costly improvements of
the Yuma and Imperial Valleys. The turbulent waters of the Colorado
will be stored in a peaceful reservoir, Lake Mead, whence, as
needed, they will be discharged to develop hydroelectric power, to
irrigate hundreds of thousands of acres of arid lands and to augment
the domestic water supply of the metropolitan district about Los
Angeles.
PROGRESS OF GRAND COULEE
Substantial progress has been made toward the completion of two
other vast projects for the utilization of the water resources of the
X ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
West. The foundation abutments of Grand Coulee Dam, key structure
of the Columbia Basin project in the State of Washington, have
been built, and surveys and plans for the Kennett and Friant Reservoirs
of the long-dreamed-of Central Valley project of California
are well under way. Many other surveys, investigations and construction
projects for the further conservation and use of the water
resources of the public lands have been completed or are in progress.
Proof of the soundness of the policy of reclaiming the arid lands of
the West lies in the results obtained from Interior Department
projects. In 1936 about 2,900,000 acres of land raised irrigated crops
of a value of nearly $107,000,000.
Water supplies of the public domain have been supplemented by
the addition of 2,240 acres to the public water reserves; by the acquisition
of 100 wells drilled by the Utah Drought Relief Commission;
by the drilling of 26 wells and the constructing of 152 water holes
and small stock reservoirs and the laying of 27,000 feet of pipe line as
part of an emergency conservation work program; and by the conditioning
as water wells of 3 wells drilled for oil or gas.
Supervision was exercised over 172 power projects under permit or
grant by the Secretary of the Interior and 145 projects of the Federal
Power Commission.
UTILIZATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES
Until recent years the national policy for mineral resources of the
public lands involved only exploitation by private interests. The
leasing of restricted Indian lands for minerals has long been the
practice, and within the last two decades Congress adopted a policy
of leasing public lands for the production of coal, oil and gas, oil
shale, phosphate, potash, sodium, and, within limited areas, of sulphur,
gold, silver, and quicksilver. This has brought to a practical
end private acquisition of lands containing these important minerals.
The act of August 21, 1935, constitutes an important forward step
in the leasing policy for oil and gas that will reduce materially speculative
operations using the public reserves as a base. It will also provide
for a more business-like development of the oil and gas resources
of the public lands, and will result in a return to the Government
of a proper share of the value of the mineral production. Under
this act, the proceeds of public-land mineral development will be
returned to the States from which they are produced, in part, directly,
for the support of schools and roads and in part, indirectly,
through Federal construction of irrigation systems. Helium, alone,
is reserved for exclusive exploitation by Federal agencies for governmental
purposes. Mineral production under the supervision of
the Department in 1936 had a value of about $70,000,000.
Supervision of the exploitation of publicly owned mineral resources
to assure an orderly development and the maximum practicable
ultimate production without waste and with due regard to
the safety and welfare of miners and others is an important conservation
activity of the Department.
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR XI
COORDINATION OF OIL AND GAS CONSERVATION
On March 31, 1936, there was established in the Department a
Petroleum Conservation Division to assist in coordinating all oil and
gas conservation activities of the Department as well as to supervise
operations for the control of interstate and foreign commerce in
oil and oil products under the act of February 22, 1935 (49 Stat. 30).
Research in production and in processing methods, dissemination
of information with respect thereto, and education in mine-safety
rescue and first-aid methods conducted by the Department is an
allied activity of great importance and value to the mineral industries.
One hundred and ten patents to mining claims were issued in
1936 under the lode and placer laws and 270 contests regarding such
claims were disposed of, showing that interest still persists in prospecting
for and developing the metalliferous minerals of the public
domain. Under the mining laws a claim may be taken up and all
the minerals therein mined and disposed of without notice to the
Department. Only when an application for a patent is made is the
claim made of record in the United States Land Office and then, if
discovery has been made, title to the land passes from the United
States on payment of a nominal fee. Particularly now that most of
the land of the public domain is dedicated to some public purpose
or is under some system of administration, is such a method of handling
mining claims unbusiness-like and contrary to the public interest.
Some simple system of permitting the discovery and development
of minerals under a prospecting permit and lease subject
to supervision that would protect the public interest without hampering
the operations of the permittee or lessee would mean a forward
step in mineral-land administration. Minerals still on Indian
lands are subject only to a lease under a system that works well.
Its extension to the reservations of the public domain is recommended.
INCREASE IN MINERAL-LEASE BUSINESS
The mineral-lease activity on the public domain, which normally
grows at the rate of about 10 percent a year, showed an increase of
about double that amount both in production and revenue in 1936.
Receipts for the year from mineral leases aggregated about $4,444,000
of which 37% percent were payable to the States in which the producing
areas were located and 52% percent were covered into the reclamation
fund. It is believed that values fully as great were saved
through the activities of the supervisory forces cooperating with the
operators. This is practical conservation.
Of unusual importance are oil and gas. About 15 percent of the
Nation’s petroleum reserves are believed to be on the public domain,
but production has been held down to about 3.8 percent of the total
for the United States during a year of continued surplus of producible
. Noteworthy progress has been made during the year in the promotion
of unit operation for fields in which lands of the United States
are an important factor. By the end of the year no less than 800 such
plans had been filed for consideration. Twenty of these were approved
and are now in force, and 186 were withdrawn or rejected.
XII ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
The remainder were in various stages of consideration or revision.
The object of unitization is that of more properly conserving the oil
and gas resources involved, and it is the consensus of opinion in the
industry that greater ultimate production at less cost will be the result
of changing from individual operation of the several holdings in a
unit field to operation under a cooperative or unit agreement. State
control of the quantity of production has been materially strengthened
during the year by a denial under Federal law of interstate or
foreign commerce in oil produced contrary to State laws and
regulations.
Production of oil and gas from Indian lands amounts to between
three and four percent of the nation’s total, while production from
naval petroleum reserves, also under supervision of the Department
of the Interior, amounts to about 0.4 percent of the aggregate.
Though retention of oil in the ground is the national policy with
respect to the naval reserves, some production is forced by operations
on interspersed private lands. Such production is diminishing year
by year.
Production of coal on the public domain increased about 12 percent
during the fiscal year 1936 and constituted about 1.1 percent of the
output for the United States. Much effort is put forth to secure the
adoption of plans and methods that will assure the maximum ultimate
production. Successful efforts of the Department in behalf of safety
are attested by the fact that the death rate from explosives in mines
has been reduced 90 percent in the last 30 years; that during the last 5
years mines in the United States have had the lowest accident rate in
their history; that the accident rate in mines under the supervision
of the Department is materially lower than in mines not on Government
lands; and that of 51 awards to bituminous coal mines or operators
by the Joseph H. Holmes Safety Association for the calendar
year 1935 two -were to departmental lessees. Cooperation of operators
in accomplishing these results is gratefully acknowledged.
Further development of potash mines on lands of the United States
until they are capable of supplying the entire needs of the country
is worthy of special mention. Production on Indian lands of lead to
the extent of 3.1 percent and of zinc to the extent of 10.4 percent
of the Nation’s total is also an item of importance.
MINING AND REFINING RESEARCH
Research on mining and refining methods and practices in the fiscal
year resulted in the approval of 18 devices for use in mines and the
addition of 25 new explosives and 3 new models of a blasting device
to the permissible list; the development of a new methane indicator;
the perfecting of a new method of extracting manganese electrolytically;
the demonstration of several methods of treating domestic
chromite ores; the development of a method of gaging capacity of
gas wells with minimized waste; the improvement of methods of
purifying clay, feldspar, and other low-grade nonmetallics by froth
flotation; the perfection of a method of determining minute quantities
of benzol in blood and urine; and the discovery that silica is
an important factor in caustic embrittlement in steam boilers. Eight
thousand samples of coal and coke were analyzed. Bearing strength
ANNUAL, REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR XIII
and plasticity of potash salt, applicable particularly to mines now
operating on Federal land, was determined; various substances for
use in rock-dusting mines were tested; studies of Diesel locomotives
were concluded; and helium was produced and furnished for the
spectacular stratosphere flight conducted by the National Geographic
Society and the Army Air Corps.
LAND SURFACE—ITS PROTECTION AND USE
The Federal landed estate outside of Alaska has dwindled from a
billion and a half to a little more than 400 million acres, or about a
fifth of the total area of the 48 States and the District of Columbia.
Thirty-five percent of this remainder is or will be included in grazing
districts, 34 percent is within the existing boundaries of national
forests, more than 14 percent is in Indian reservations, over 2 percent,
together with about an equal area donated by States and private
citizens, is in national parks and monuments, over 7 percent is in
military, naval, and miscellaneous reservations or in areas withdrawn
for public purposes, and nearly 7 percent is unappropriated public
land withdrawn from entry but available to satisfy outstanding grants
and for other purposes.
Further grants of public lands under existing legislation are virtually
at an end, although there remain for settlement outstanding
grants and unperfected public-land entries aggregating between 15
and 20 million acres. The final disposal of lands in these categories
and the exchange of other lands and the consolidation of holdings
will present problems for solution for a number of years. Administration
of the remaining national estate under enactments by Congress
constitutes the principal public-land activity now in prospect. The
four main questions of administration of nonmineral lands are concerned
with forage cover, forest cover, parks, and Indians. The
problems involved should be coordinated to the greatest possible extent
in order that the estate as a whole shall be of maximum benefit
to the Nation.
The administration of the Indian lands has ever been an important
item in the Department’s guardianship of the American aborigines.
The development of a system of Federal national parks and monuments
of outstanding scenic, recreational, and historic value has been
and is the work of the Department of the Interior. After more than
50 years of advocacy by this Department, the Congress, in 1934,
adopted a program of administration, conservation, and rehabilitation
for the vast area of public grazing lands under the jurisdiction
of the Secretary of the Interior. The only major land-administrative
activity that is not now, though it was originally, within the
jurisdiction of this Department is concerned with the lands within
national forest boundaries. According to reports of the Forest Service,
more than half the area within these boundaries is not available
as a source of merchantable timber and is considered to be
chiefly valuable for grazing and the maintenance of a useful forage
cover. The administration and use of such lands should be coordinated
or combined with those of the far greater area of lands of
similar general character in grazing districts under the jurisdiction
of the Department of the Interior.
XIV ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
TWO NEW NATIONAL PARKS
Visitors to national parks and monuments for the travel year that
ended September 30, 1935, numbered 7,676,400, an increase of 21
percent over the preceding period. The new Shenandoah (Virginia)
and Mammoth Cave (Kentucky) national parks were admitted to
the system. Areas of several other national parks and monuments
were increased, and 11 new national monuments and other historic
areas were conditionally authorized by Congress. Allocation of
$705,000 from an emergency fund was made for the acquisition of
lands within the area of the proposed Isle Roy ale National Park in
Michigan, on which to provide work for C. C. C. camps in cooperation
with the Department of Conservation of the State of Michigan.
A nation-wide survey of historic buildings and sites and a comprehensive
study of public parks and recreational area programs and
possibilities in the United States were initiated. Forty-six recreational
demonstration projects in 24 States, readily accessible to 30
million people, were undertaken in cooperation with agencies outside
of the Department, and nearly half a million acres are being Required
for this purpose.
The land-recording activities of the year included the receipt of
original entries, selections, and filings for 425,834 acres; final entries
for 1,937,529 acres; issuance of patents for 2,216,684 acres and certification
of 253,903 acres under State grants—leaving 16,862,271 acres
in unperfected entries at the close of the year. Under the Taylor
Grazing Act there were received 19 applications for exchange of
private lands, 261 for that of State lands, and 266 applications for
sale and 2,255 for lease. All this in addition to applications for
grazing rights within grazing districts.
EFFORTS TO SAVE THE PUBLIC RANGE
The grazing act of June 28, 1934 (48 Stat. 1269), as amended on
June 26, 1936, sets aside 142 million acres of public land to be divided
into grazing districts and provides for their orderly use, improvement,
and development in order to stabilize the stock industry on
the public range. By the end of the fiscal year 1936, 37 such districts,
including a gross area of about 200 million acres, of which about 80
million acres were public land, had been created and more than 15,000
licenses for the grazing of more than 8,396,000 animals had been issued.
Nominal fees of 5 cents per month for cattle and horses and
1 cent per month for sheep were adopted for present purposes, and
$48,271 in fees were collected during the year. Thus were initiated
control of the public range and conservation of its soil and forage
cover in the interest of the stock industry and for all useful purposes
that the range lands might serve.
The aid of the stock industry itself in initiating, developing, and
administering this wholesome national policy was assured by the
election from the stockmen of 523 district advisors to work with
officials of the Department. A program of range improvement was
undertaken involving water development; construction of trails,
bridges, fences, and cattle guards; control of rodents and insect
pests; eradication of poison plants; protection against erosion as well
as other work designed to make the range more useful. With the inANNUAL,
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR XV
•crease of the public-land area available for grazing districts to 142
million acres by the act of June 26, 1936, it is anticipated that upwards
of 400 million acres will be included within the boundaries of
grazing districts within a year on request of the users of the range.
This area, together with some 80 million acres of grazing lands within
national forests, will make nearly half a billion acres capable of
orderly regulation for grazing.
HUMAN WELFARE
The Department of the Interior is charged with responsibility for
an internationally known hospital for the treatment of mental diseases,
a hospital administered and operated by a staff almost exclusively
of the Negro race, and other hospitals for care of the Indians
that have a total capacity of about 5,000 beds.
In the field of education the Department maintains an institution
for instruction of the deaf, including a department that offers the
only educational program in the world for the higher education of
the deaf, and a department for the training of teachers of the deaf;
a university for the higher education of the Negro race; and many day
schools, boarding schools, vocational schools, and colleges for the
instruction of the Indians.
The Department, through the Office of Education, also conducts
research into and disseminates information regarding foreign and
domestic methods and systems of education, promotes vocational education,
and administers substantial grants to educational institutions
for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts.
Under the heading of human welfare should be mentioned mine
health and safety activities and the widespread recreational facilities
afforded by public park and parkway systems. An earnest effort
was in progress during the year to expand and coordinate all existing
public facilities for recreation and outdoor sport. In 1936 literally
millions of the citizens of the United States enjoyed fishing, hiking,
horseback riding, boating, swimming, skiing, mountain climbing, and
other outdoor activities in natural wilderness areas of unusual importance
administered by the Department of the Interior. These recreational
areas are supervised by employees trained to educate the visitors
concerning the birds and animals, plants and trees, as well as on
matters of historical, geological, and archeological interest.
NEW DEAL FOR INDIANS
Just prior to the beginning of the fiscal year the Congress passed
the Indian Reorganization Act, already referred to, which makes
provision for the economic rehabilitation of the Indian, for the
organization of the Indian tribes so as to manage their own affairs,
and for the civic and cultural freedom and opportunity of the Indian.
Outstanding among the social-welfare activities of the year has been
the progress made under and in line with this act. More than twothirds
of the Indian tribes have accepted this legislation, and constitutions
for the governance of tribal affairs have been approved or are
in process of being perfected. Already profound changes are taking
place in Indian communities through the increased interest of the
Indian in his social and economic affairs.
XVI ANNUAL. REPORT OE THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
TERRITORIES AND ISLAND POSSESSIONS
The Division of Territories and Island Possessions exercises supervisory
functions in connection with the Federal Government administrations
of Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Baker,
Howland, and Jarvis Islands; also the Alaska Railroad, Alaska
Road Commission, Alaska Reindeer Service, Alaska Insane, Puerto
Rico Hurricane Relief Loan Section, Hawaiian Homes Commission,
the Virgin Islands Co., and the Government-owned Bluebeard Castle
Hotel, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands.
Through the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration, Puerto
Rico Hurricane Relief Loan Section, the Virgin Islands Co., Alaska
Rural Rehabilitation Corporation, and the Hawaiian Homes Commission,
long-range programs and policies for the improvement of
economic and social conditions in the respective territories and possessions
are being effectively carried out under the general supervision
of the Division.
A comprehensive reconstruction program is now well under way in
Puerto Rico, covering rural rehabilitation, rural electrification, slum
clearance and housing, reforestation, and construction of public
buildings. This program is being administered by an agency independent
of the Interior Department. Loans made by the former
Puerto Rican Hurricane Relief Commission are now in process of
composition and adjustment as authorized in Public Resolution No.
60, Seventy-fourth Congress, approved August 27, 1935.
The Matanuska colonization project, under the direct supervision
of the Alaska Rural Rehabilitation Corporation, during the second
summer just passed has demonstrated that it is solidly established.
The ultimate effect of this development upon the economy, conditions
of living, and population of the Territory, cannot be over-estimated.
In the Virgin Islands, the sugar and rum industries are being restored
to the important position they once held. Handicraft is being
encouraged, small industries are being built up, and the tourist trade
developed. Thanks to the policy of this administration, there is
virtually no unemployment in the Virgin Islands.
The recently reorganized Hawaiian Homes Commission is proving
to be energetic and enthusiastic in the discharge of its duties and
there is every reason to believe that its businesslike management and
vigorous enforcement of policies and regulations will prove beneficial
to the Hawaiian people and assure the perpetuation of the race.
Quarterly expeditions out of Honolulu, T. H., are conducted in connection
with the colonization projects on Baker, Howland, and Jarvis
Islands, and valuable scientific data for use in connection with anticipated
development of air routes to the South Seas, New Zealand,
and Australia is being compiled.
In Hawaii the rehabilitation of the Hawaiian race is going forward
under new legislation and a new commissioner. A survey of possible
water supplies for irrigation on the island of Molokai has been authorized.
CONCLUSION
Reports of the several bureaus and other administrative agencies
of the Department, setting forth in detail the operations under their
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR XVII
jurisdiction, are submitted herewith. All lead to the conclusion that
the conservation of water, land, and minerals, with due attention
to specific problems of human welfare, is soundly established as the
major departmental policy. Substantial progress in each and every
activity is recorded. Many of the accomplishments of the year were
made possible only through the financial or personnel aid of the
Public Works Administration, the E. C. W. camps, the Resettlement
Administration, the Works Progress Administration, and other
agencies whose objective has been to relieve unemployment through
the performance of useful work.
Once again I commend to your consideration the desirability of
changing the name of the Department of the Interior to that of the
Department of Conservation—a name more expressive of its fundamental
purpose and nature. Such a designation would give conservation
an authority heretofore lacking, it would promote an increased
consciousness of conservation as a Government policy, not only in
the minds of officials but among the people of the United States
generally, and it would place upon the personnel of the Department
a definite responsibility for advancing the cause of conservation to
the end that the resources of the United States may be used for the
maximum benefit of every citizen of the country.
Very respectfully,
Har old L. Icke s ,
Secretary of the Interior.
The Pres id ent ,
The White House.
98234—36-------2
REPORT BY DIVISIONS AND BUREAUS
THE SOLICITOR
Nat ha n R. Marg old
The immediate staff of the Solicitor was reduced from 21 to 19
regular members during the course of the past fiscal year. However,
five attorneys have been specially assigned to this staff for the examination
of land titles in connection with land acquisitions which
are a feature of the Indian reorganization program. Otherwise,
there has been no noteworthy change in legal personnel either in
Washington or in the field.
The tasks of the immediate staff of the Solicitor have included
the representation of the Secretary of the Interior and, in two important
cases, the Federal Emergency Administrator of Public Works
in litigation in the District of Columbia, the drafting of proposed
legislation and reports thereon, the representation of the Department
before congressional committees, the preparation of land decisions
and departmental opinions and findings, the handling of the legal
features of Indian reorganization and the disposition of such miscellaneous
legal matters as are involved in the business of the
Department.
During the past year the Solicitor has represented the Secretary
of the Interior in various actions contested in the courts of the
District of Columbia. The Department has prevailed in six such
cases in the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia and
has been defeated upon but two occasions. Three of these controversies
concern public lands, three were war minerals relief cases,
one was a matter of Indian enrollment, and one arose out of the
administration of a reclamation project. The two cases in which the
Solicitor has represented the Federal Emergency Administrator
of Public Works have involved the vital question of the constitutionality
of basic features of the low-cost housing and slum-clearance
program of the Public Works Administration. The issues in controversy
have yet to be decided by the Supreme Court of the United
States.
In the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia 62 war minerals
relief cases were disposed of by dismissal or by entry of consent
decrees. There remain of record in that court 78 war minerals relief
cases, the disposition of which has been delayed by the failure
of the local courts to decide definitely the question whether the
1
2 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
rights claimed survive the death of the claimant or the dissolution
of a claimant corporation. However, the fact that during the session
just ended Congress legislated with reference to the abatement
and transfer ability of war minerals relief claims (sec. 2 of act of
June 30, 1936, Public, No. 847, 74th Cong.) will undoubtedly speed
the ultimate disposition of the pending cases.
A quantitative summary of the work, other than litigation, disposed
of by the Solicitor and his immediate staff during the past
year, is embodied in the following table:
1 “Miscellaneous matters” include such transactions as the following: Contracts for the erection of buildings,
road construction, supplies, etc.; reports on legislation; grants, transfers, and cancelations of mineral
leases and permits; contracts with irrigation districts; grants and acquisitions of rights-of-way for power
lines and for ditches and canals; withdrawals and restoration of lands; determination of power rates.
Land
decisions
Opinions
of Solicitor
Indian
matters
Miscellaneous
matters 1
Pending July 1, 1935_______________________________
Received during year______________________________
Total________________________________________
315
1,600
77
490
206
7,839
239
11,117
1,915
1,479
567
334
8,045
7, 910
11,356
Disposed of during year____________________________ 11,083
Pending June 30, 1936________________________ 436 233 135 273
It will be noted that public-land cases and miscellaneous submissions
for opinions of the Solicitor continue to increase in number.
The number of such matters received during the year ended June 30,
1936, represents an increase of about 50 percent over the number
received during the preceding year.
Of the 334 opinions rendered, as contrasted with 237 during the
preceding year, about one-third were accident cases and 99 were title
opinions. The number of title opinions is not an index to the volume
of title work since the usual title opinion involves numerous tracts of
land, each with a distinct chain of title. While the problem of title
examination in connection with the numerous acquisitions of land
under the Wheeler-Howard Act is less acute than a year ago by
reason of the recent special assignment of five attorneys to this office
to aid in this work, the prospective doubling of the Indian land
purchase program during the coming year makes it doubtful whether
the title section has been augmented sufficiently to dispose of this
work with dispatch. Moreover, no additional attorneys have been
provided to assist in the examination of the numerous titles involved
in purchases by the National Park Service under its expanding program
for providing new park and recreational facilities. With
more than 100 title cases from all sources pending at the end of the
year and with the anticipated increase of such work it will prove
increasingly difficult for the present staff of title attorneys to keep
pace with the land acquisition sections of the Indian Office and the
National Park Service.
THE SOLICITOR 3
In addition to these special categories, requests for opinions have
•covered the usual broad range. As the statutes under which various
bureaus of the Department act multiply with every session of Congress
and the enterprises of the Department become more numerous
and varied, the interpretation of statutes and their exposition in relation
to particular undertakings becomes a larger task. Each year
the variety, as well as number, of questions submitted for opinion
witnesses the importance and the manifold aspects of the function
performed by the legal officers of the Department in directing and
safeguarding administrative action. The following subjects are illustrative
of the submissions acted upon during the year:
Power of the Department to regulate the sale of liquor upon private premises
within national parks.
Authority of contracting officers to waive time limitations and other provisions
in Government contracts.
Extent of the visitorial power of the Bureau of Mines with respect to privately
owned mines.
Necessity for State authorization for Federal appropriation of underground
water by means of wells to be developed on the public domain.
Restrictions upon the ownership of mining property by persons employed in
the Bureau of Mines.
Limitations upon the investment of land-grant college funds by a State.
Validity of oil and gas leases for scattered tracts in the North Dome Kettleman
Hills.
Present right to perfect title to allotment selections made before the passage
•of the Wheeler-Howard Act.
Extent of Indian title within the Red Lake and San Carlos Reservations.
Three sessions of Congress have now elapsed since the organization
of a legislative section in the office of the Solicitor for the better
handling of the specialized tasks of drafting bills adequate to meet
particular departmental needs and objectives, preparing and reviewing
departmental reports and recommendations concerning pending
legislation, and representing the Department at congressional hearings
upon particular measures. Steadily increasing success in obtaining
congressional action in accord with proposals and recommendations
of the Department attests to the thorough research,
technical expertness, and skill in advocacy which have characterized
the performance of these important tasks. Thus, during the second
session of the Seventy-fourth Congress, almost every important bill
sponsored by this Department, with the exception of the bill to
change the name of the Department, was enacted.
Among the bills thus sponsored the following measures are specially
noteworthy:
The act of June 26, 1936 (Public, No. 816, 74th Cong.), extending the benefits
of the so-called Indian Reorganization Act to the Indians of Oklahoma; and
the act of May 1, 1936 (Public, No. 538, 74th Cong.), extending similar benefits
to the Alaskan Indians.
4 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
The act of June 26, 1936 (Public, No. 827, 74th Cong.), amending the so-called
Taylor grazing law to increase the area which may be included in grazing
districts from 80,000,000 acres to 142,000,000 acres, thus assuring planned and
orderly use of practically the entire area of the public domain which is suitable
for grazing rather than for cultivation.
The act of June 23, 1936 (Public, No. 770%, 74th Cong.), providing for a
comprehensive Nation-wide study by this Department in conjunction and cooperation
with local authorities to the end of developing and coordinating
adequate park and recreational facilities throughout the United States.
The act of June 22, 1936 (Public, No. 749, 74th Cong.), providing the Virgin
Islands with an organic act characterized by universal suffrage and an increased
measure of local participation and control in local government.
A large amount of legal work, both in Washington and in the field,
has been required for the accomplishment of Indian tribal organization
under the so-called Wheeler-Howard Act. At the end of the
fiscal year, 43 separate tribal constitutions had been drafted, accepted
by the tribes concerned, and finally approved by the Secretary
of the Interior. In 24 other cases substantial progress had
been made toward the adoption of constitutions. As a further step
in organization, the Wheeler-Howard Act authorizes the incorporation
of tribal groups. Only one corporate charter has been issued,
although work is in progress on more than 20 such charters.
The exercise of tribal authority with respect to such matters as
tribal lands and funds, traders, personnel and taxation necessarily
involves much legal detail. Thus, many legal problems have already
arisen in the administration of the affairs of reorganized Indian
communities. Such problems will continue to arise and to require
extensive legal services as is true in the administration of the affairs
of ordinary municipalities and similar organized communities.
The preparation of new or greatly revised departmental regulations
has been a necessary step in administering much new legislation
and in carrying out departmental policies calculated to accomplish
the conservation of natural resources through better administration
of the public domain and conservation of human values through the
better administration of Indian affairs. Thus, the preparation of
departmental regulations has been an important work of attorneys
in the various bureaus as well as of members of the immediate
staff of the Solicitor. The following regulations deserve particular
mention:
Amended regulations governing the mineral development of the public domain,
including oil and gas, sodium, and phosphate regulations.
Regulations governing timber operations and grazing upon Indian reservations.
Amended regulations governing the practice of attorneys before the Department.
Regulations governing apneals from the decisions of the Director of Grazing.
THE SOLICITOR 5
The work of the legal sections of the Geological Survey and the
General Land Office has increased noticeably as the administration
of conservation measures has progressed. Extensive legal services
have been required in the consummation of unit plans for the cooperative
development of particular oil and gas fields. In the General
Land Office the superimposition of conservation laws, including the
Taylor grazing law, upon the old and familiar public land laws
is creating many new legal problems. The efforts of claimants to
establish equities in public lands antedating the present general
withdrawals continue to be numerous and ingenious and to require
careful legal analysis.
The important business of administering the estates of deceased
Indians is being handled by a staff which is numerically inadequate
despite improved organization and administrative procedure. The
present staff of nine examiners of inheritance in the field and three
attorneys in Washington can effectively handle somewhat less than
2,000 estates in 1 year. There are now about 3,000 estates awaiting
administration. Such undesirable accumulation of work and the
resultant complication in administration can be avoided only by
adding to the present probate staff.
Reclamation projects in various stages of development have required
extensive legal services in Washington and in the field. For
example, the Provo River project, still in its early stages, has required
the organization of a new water users association on one division,
the negotiation of a large repayment contract upon another division,
and the carrying out of the legal detail necessary to bring newly
organized metropolitan water districts within the project as stockholders
in water users associations. Even old and established projects
present their legal problems. Thus, the complex organization of the
Owyhee project with its numerous independent contracting entities
has been simplified by the devising of a single omnibus contract
which has been accepted by the various irrigation districts involved.
Again, for some projects the negotiation and drafting of contracts
for the sale of power are important tasks. In connection with the
Boulder Canyon development the most recent of a series of such
contracts has been a contract with the State of Nevada for the use
of power generated at Boulder Dam.
J
DIVISION OF INVESTIGATIONS
Louis R. Gla vi s , Director
The regular annual appropriation for the Division of Investigations
for the purpose of conducting investigations for the Department
of the Interior for the fiscal year 1936 was $391,700.
The average number of active field investigators, exclusive of
special agents in charge, was 65; average number of clerks employed
in divisional offices, 18; total average force employed, including
special agents in charge, and the Washington office force, 88.
Due to the activities of field investigators, $19,063.67 was collected
and turned into the Treasury, and 424,564.02 acres restored to the
public domain, representing fraudulent entries, etc., canceled on
proceedings based on their reports.
INVESTIGATIONS
On July 1, 1935, there were pending field investigation 8,167 cases.
During the year 12,345 new cases were received; 13,217 cases were
investigated, reported, and closed, leaving 7,295 cases pending investigation.
Four cases were turned over to the Post Office Department
as the result of investigations made in the field; and five
criminal cases were presented to the Department of Justice during
the year; four convictions were secured in criminal cases and one
indictment returned during the fiscal year.
FEDERAL EMERGENCY ADMINISTRATION OF PUBLIC
WORKS
The Division of Investigations conducts all investigations for the
Public Works Administration. The staff personnel on June 30,
1936, including the central office at Washington, consisted of 10
special agents in charge, 220 special agents, and 152 other employees.
Cases investigated by the Division of Investigations relate to
expenditure of Public Works Administration funds, collusion and
fraudulent bidding where contractors and subcontractors are involved,
wages and disputes arising from rates of pay, irregularities
in the employment of labor and use of materials, underpayment of
employees, repayment to contractors of wages of employees, contracts
relating to housing projects, governmental personnel, and mis-
7
8 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
conduct of officers and employees of the Public Works Administration,
activities of the National Reemployment Service and other
governmental agencies, to which Public Works Administration funds
are allotted.
These investigations, having to do with the allotment and expenditure
of large sums of money, enabled the administrative officers to
uncover numerous frauds and irregularities and prevent substantial
losses to the Government.
Saving was accomplished by and through investigations covering
such items as cancelation or rescission of contract bids and awards
where fraud or collusion was found to exist, rescission of allotments
for loans and/or grants due to irregularities or fraudulent representation;
lack of economic soundness in projects investigated, inadequate
financial ability of the borrower or his inability to liquidate loans, and
the use of insufficient or inferior material in construction work.
There also were included penalties imposed on contracts for violation
of the 8-hour law on Federal projects, reduction in allotments
where it was found that the borrower had included excessive amounts
in estimates covering overhead and engineering fees, reduction of
allotments due to fictitious estimates and excessive appraisals covering
the purchase of lands for projects, sites, and savings effected by requiring
a change in the method of construction from force account to
a contract basis.
The Division of Investigations also effected other savings. One of
the more important of these was reimbursement of wages to labor
where such pay was wrongfully withheld by contractors through
what has been designated as the “kick-back racket.” It is estimated
that this saving to labor by such reimbursements amounted to $182,-
137.83 for the fiscal year.
Nineteen thousand seven hundred and twenty-six cases were investigated
and reported by special agents of the Division of Investigations.
Included in the foregoing were 60 criminal prosecutions, of
which 18 cases received court action, 39 cases resulted in indictments,
and 1 case received a prison sentence.
OIL ENFORCEMENT
The Director of Investigations performed all investigations, under
the supervision of the Secretary of the Interior in the enforcement of
the provisions of the act of Congress of February 22, 1935 (Public,
No. 14), generally known as the Connally Act.
During the first 6 months of the fiscal year, the Division of Investigations
(oil enforcement) maintained eight offices, which on
January 1, 1936, were reduced to four, namely, Kilgore and Houston,
Tex., Chicago, Ill., and Washington, D. C.
DIVISION OF INVESTIGATIONS 9
Federal Petroleum Agency No. 1, with headquarters at Kilgore,
Tex., was created by Executive Order No. 7024—B dated April 25,
1935, under authority of the Connally Act. The Secretary of the
Interior designated this agency to exercise all duties and functions
pertaining to investigations necessary to the enforcement of the
Connally Act.
The marine unit with headquarters at Houston, Tex., was engaged
in the enforcement of the Connally Act insofar as the movement of
petroleum and its products into interstate or foreign commerce by
wTater-borne vessels was concerned.
The Chicago office conducted investigations on shipments of
petroleum and its products from producing areas.
The Washington office was comprised of an administrative force
and a branch of the marine unit which compiled statistics on the
movement of petroleum and its products by tankers and barges.
The personnel of the Division of Investigations engaged in the
enforcement of the Connally Act as of July 1, 1935, numbered 82.
The personnel absorbed by the Petroleum Conservation Division as of
May 1, 1936, as a result of the Secretary’s order no. 1054, dated
March 14, 1936, and no. 1067, dated May 1, 1936, numbered 34.
The total obligations incurred by the Division of Investigations
(oil enforcement) amounted to $147,751.
The total number of cases investigated was 1,255, of which 8
Criminal Code cases and 99 cases of violations of the Connally Act
were referred to the Department of Justice.
BOARD ON GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES
Geo rg e C. Mar tin , Executive Secretary
The work of the Board on Geographical Names is essentially a
service which the Department of the Interior renders to other governmental
organizations and to the public. The principal function
of the Board is to insure uniformity in the use of geographic names
on maps and in publications issued by the Federal Government. As
the official authority on the use of geographic names by the Government,
the Board decides unsettled questions as to the form, spelling,
or application of geographic names, and considers new names
proposed by Government officers. Its decisions, according to Executive
Order No. 399, are “to be accepted by the departments of the
Government as the standard authority.”
The Board also serves as an informally recognized standard authority
in the nongovernmental use of geographic names. In this capacity
it renders decisions on geographic names at the request of
local authorities, institutions, publishers, and individuals. The Board
is also called upon, by Government, State, and local officials, educational
institutions, scientific societies, publishers, teachers, and others,
to furnish information on many geographic subjects other than
names.
The broad geographic scope of the Board’s activities, and the extent
to which it serves other organizations, are shown by the following
tabulation of cases that have been before it for formal action
during the year, grouped by the location of the features and by the
organizations that submitted the names.
Geographic distribution of names
Alaska___________ 342
California_________ 103
New York________ 63
Wyoming_________ 56
Louisiana_________ 49
Utah_____________ 43
Oklahoma________ 36
Texas____________ 35
New Hampshire___ 33
Alabama__________ 28
South Carolina____ 21
Minnesota________ 21
Maryland_________ 19
Virginia__________ 12
Massachusetts_____ 11
Maine____________ 11
Georgia__________ 9
Washington_______ 8
Michigan_________ 6
Arizona__________ 6
Illinois___________ 5
Missouri__________ 5
Colorado_________ 4
New Jersey_______ 4
New Mexico______ 4
North Carolina____ 4
Connecticut_______ 3
Florida___________ 3
Hawaii___________ 3
Nebraska_________ 3
Tennessee_________ 3
Wisconsin_________ 3
North Dakota_____ 2
Ohio_____________ 2
South Dakota_____ 2
Nevada___________ 2
Oregon___________ 2
Dominican Republic. 2
Mexico___________ 2
Russia___________ 2
China____________ 1
Dutch East Indies__ 1
Peru_____________ 1
Idaho____________ 1
Iowa_____________ 1
Mississippi________ 1
West Virginia_____ 1
Virgin Islands_____ 1
Total_______ 980
11
12 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Organizations requesting decisions
U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey-- 253
U. S. Hydrographic Office---------- 187
U. S. Geological Survey________ 156
National Park Service__________ 133
Societies and individuals________ 91
U. S. Forest Service____________ 77
Bureau of Chemistry and Soils___ 31
U. S. Board on Geographical
Names_____________________ 22
State organizations------------------- 16
Bureau of Biological Survey------- 4
Library of Congress____________ 3
Soil Conservation Service----------- 2
Bureau of the Census---------------- 1
Bureau of Foreign and Domestic
Commerce__________________ 1
Post Office Department_________ 1
Secretary of the Interior________ 1
The White House_____________ 1
Total__________________ 980
Although the work of the Board is administratively under the
direction of the Secretary of the Interior, in whose name, and with
whose approval, the decisions of the Board are promulgated, its
investigations are made with the cooperation of, and its decisions are
rendered by, an advisory committee of 14 members, consisting of
representatives of various departments that make and use maps, and
of geographic societies. This advisory committee operates chiefly
through its executive committee of three members. The routine
administrative and investigative work of the Board is performed by
a small organization in the office of the Secretary of the Interior.
These two units have been operating since December 10, 1935, under
a single name, in accordance with a departmental order.
The advisory committee held three meetings during the year,
at which interim action of the executive committee was considered
and approved, and questions of general policy and procedure were
discussed.
The executive committee held 14 meetings during the year, at
which 472 geographic names were approved. In addition to the
names that were automatically rejected by the approval of the above,
six other proposed new names were rejected as unsuitable. The committee
had before it, at the end of the year, eight names which had
been considered without final action.
The work of the Board has increased far beyond that of the preceding
year, when 267 names were approved. Decisions were rendered
during the year ending June 30, 1936, on 478 names, and 502
cases were on hand June 30, in various stages of completion.
A pamphlet entitled “Decisions Rendered Between July 1, 1934,
and June 30, 1935”, was issued in February 1936. Manuscript of a
pamphlet entitled “Decisions Rendered Between July 1, 1935, and
June 30,1936”, has been submitted for publication.
DIVISION OF GRAZING
F. R. Car pent er , Director
The purpose of the act of June 28, 1934 (48 Stat. 1269), known
as the Taylor Grazing Act, is to “stop injury to the public grazing
lands by preventing overgrazing and soil deterioration, to provide
for their orderly use, improvement, and development, to stabilize
the livestock industry dependent upon the public range, and for other
purposes.”
This act is a new development in the national policy for the conservation
of natural resources, and few laws entrusted to the Federal
Government so vitally affect the livelihood of so many people.
Both from the standpoint of national conservation and of the livestock
industry, it is of transcendent importance. This act has the
approval of the country as a whole, and the administration of it has
been received generally with enthusiasm by those affected in the
public-land States of the West. Through the aid of hundreds of
these people, rules and regulations governing grazing have been prepared,
ways of conserving the forage resources of our public lands
worked out, and methods of administration devised to provide
equitable rights to all. The current report deals with the activities
of the second year of administration of the act.
During the first year, the Department was engaged principally
in preliminary steps necessary for the carrying out of the terms
and provisions of the law, the establishment of an organization, the
devising of rules and regulations, the working out of plans for cooperation,
and numerous other duties and activities for the administration
of 80 million acres of public grazing lands.
The second year has been devoted to enlarging the area brought
under control, improving the rules and regulations as a result of
the experience gained, perfecting the details of organization, and
the institution of administrative control over areas through cooperative
agreements with local interests as provided in section 2 of the
act. Range survey studies and the measuring of private holdings to
determine the commensurate ratings of various applicants for grazing
privileges have been initiated in all of the States involved, and
in the States of New Mexico and Arizona material of great assistance
to administrative officers is now available.
13
14 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
The matter of wildlife protection has been given every possible
consideration. Agreements have been reached with the Bureau of
Biological Survey for the establishment of game ranges under the
joint jurisdiction of the Departments of the Interior and Agriculture.
The Division has adopted what is known as the New Mexico plan,
which provides for representation by the wildlife interests of that
State upon the advisory boards whose functions are to assist in the
administration of all grazing areas. Similar proposals have been
made to the game interests of other States, and progress is being
made toward a satisfactory solution of this important problem.
One essential element of the administration of the Division of
Grazing is the advisory boards, consisting of 523 representative and
able stockmen elected by the licensees of the various districts.
Through their knowledge of local conditions and usage, the Division
has access to information and advice concerning every point and section
of the country under jurisdiction of the act. These boards function
in an advisory capacity and their value to the administration
of the act cannot be overestimated. A tribute should be paid to
the loyalty and untiring efforts which members have applied to
solving the problems before them. This system of home rule under
Federal administration and supervision, instituted as one of the main
objects and integral parts of the Taylor Grazing Act’s administration
by the Department, has been highly successful and satisfactory to the
stockmen.
On January 13 and 14 a meeting was held in Salt Lake City,
.attended by four delegates from each of the district advisory boards,
totaling 800 persons, and including representatives of the Department,
the Division of Grazing, the General Land Office, and other
Federal, State, and livestock organizations interested in the grazing
work. The meeting, which was called by the Secretary, was in the
nature of a get-together to discuss the problems of grazing, to find
possible weaknesses, and to make plans for betterment of the administration,
as well as to discuss future policies. Information obtained
at this meeting was used as a basis for formulating the 1936 rules
and regulations covering the issuance of grazing licenses.
The end of the fiscal year 1936 finds 37 grazing districts under
.administration, including substantially 80,000,000 acres of public
grazing lands. During the year, more than 15,000 licenses were
issued for the grazing of livestock, involving a total of more than
8,000,000 animals.
On June 26, 1936, an amendment to the original Taylor Grazing
Act was passed. This amendment provides, among other changes,
an added allotment of 62,000,000 acres, making a total of 142,000,000
•acres available for inclusion in grazing districts. This will permit
DIVISION OF GRAZING 15
th© placing in grazing districts of practically all of the public domain
grazing lands which are of such character as may be administered
suitably in grazing districts.
To make available information concerning the activities of the
Division, the Secretary of the Interior has authorized a quarterly
publication, the Grazing Bulletin. The first two issues of the bulletin
were published in March and in June.
ORGANIZATION
The organization of the Division of Grazing has been developed
on the principle of decentralizing administration as far as consistent.
Following this principle, an administrative office has been
established in Washington, a regional field headquarters office in
Salt Lake City, Utah, and nine regional offices located at Salt Lake
City, Utah; Reno, Nev.; Burns, Oreg.; Boise, Idaho; Billings, Mont.;
Grand Junction, Colo.; Albuquerque, N. Mex. and Phoenix, Ariz.
This provides ready access to responsible administrative officers
of the Division by the persons affected by the act, brings about a
better understanding of the problems involved, and speeds administrative
action. Each regional office is in charge of a regional grazier
who is assisted by one or more graziers and office personnel. At the
close of the year, the Division had in its employ a total of 60
permanent employees, 13 of which were attached to the Washington
office and 47 to the various field offices. This involves an increase
of 25 employees during the year, including 13 graziers, 4 junior
range examiners, and 8 clerical employees of various grades. All
new personnel in the grazier and range examiner class are western
men from one of the States in which the grazing act is operative,
and so far as possible, men have been employed and assigned to work
in the State in which they reside.
ADMINISTRATION OF GRAZING DISTRICTS
The administration of grazing districts involves application and
enforcement of rules and regulations pertaining to the use of the
range, and the establishment and fixing of boundaries of such districts.
It also includes issuance of licenses, term permits, and range
allotments; the handling of appeals and protests arising from action
taken upon applications for grazing privileges; maintenance of range
improvements; application of range management plans; and wildlife
protection.
Subsequent to the rules and regulations issued during the first year
of the act, Division of Grazing Circular No. 3 providing for the
appointment of one district advisor in each grazing district in the
98234—36------- 3
16 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
State of New Mexico to represent wildlife and recreational resources
was approved August 21.
Circular No. 4, entitled “Rules and Regulations Governing Appeals
from Decisions of the Director of Grazing”, was approved October
7, 1935.
Circular No. 6, entitled “Procedure for Enforcement of Penalties
for Violation of the Act of June 28, 1934, and Rules and Regulations
Issued Thereunder”, was approved December 9, 1935.
Following the general meeting of departmental officials and stock
interests in Salt Lake City on January 13,1936, when certain changes
in the rules and regulations were recommended, a revised set of
general rules for administration of grazing districts was prepared
and approved March 2, which superseded previous Circulars Nos. 1,
2, 4, and 6. These regulations provided for the first time the payment
of a fee for grazing privileges, which is established at 5 cents
per month for each head of cattle or horses and 1 cent per month
for each head of sheep or goats. By order approved May 15, the
rate to be charged was clarified to the effect that where a grazing
period involves a fraction of a month, the grazing fee for such fraction
shall be charged on a daily basis, prorated on a 30-day month.
GRAZING DISTRICTS
As of June 30, 1935, there were 32 established grazing districts
under the Taylor Act. During the year just ended, 5 more districts
were established on the recommendation of State committees, making
a total of 37 districts. These districts include a gross area of
198,338,000 acres, of which 79,805,186 acres are vacant, unreserved,
unappropriated public lands.
Fifteen thousand eighty-one temporary licenses were issued during
the year for 8,396,351 head of livestock, a detailed summary of which
is shown in the attached table. These licenses were issued on a temporary
basis, pending the completion of land classification studies
and a determination of the commensurate ratings of properties dependent
on the public ranges and are revokable for violation of the
terms thereof.
Applicants for licenses were originally classified in the following
preferential order:
1. Qualified applicants with dependent commensurate property
with prior use.
2. Qualified applicants who have prior use but not adequate commensurate
property.
3. Qualified applicants with dependent commensurate property but
without prior use.
DIVISION OF GRAZING 17
In accordance with recommendations of the Salt Lake City meeting,
a change in the order of preferred applicants was effected by
the rules of March 2, which specify the following preferential classes:
1. Qualified applicants with dependent commensurate property
with priority of use.
2. Qualified applicants with dependent commensurate property but
without priority of use.
3. Qualified applicants who have priority of use but not commensurate
property.
4. Other qualified applicants.
Grazing licenses issued by Division of Grazing, Department of the Interior, for
1935
State Cattle Horses Sheep Goats Total Licenses-
Arizona______________ . _________ 31,156 1,933 184,438 21,190 238, 717 385
California .. _______ .. _ ___ 85,146 4,135 222, 328 311,609 576
Colorado. _ ___ - _ ___ 231, 080 682 719,177 164 951,103 2, 155
Idaho ________ -- - . ______ 90,904 11,479 709,702 3 812,088 882
Montana______________ - -.__ 40,924 17, 387 174, 841 14 233,166 489
Nevada _____________ ____ 247, 012 24, 411 733,903 212 1, 005, 538 689
New Mexico.- _____ ___________ 372,994 19,417 532, 714 119,434 1, 044, 559 1, 702
Oregon -______ _____ 197, 676 25, 036 420, 991 18 643, 721 1, 173
Utah., __________________________ 238, 011 22,186 2, 383,837 31, 446 2, 675,480 6, 501
Wyoming . ____________ 42, 073 4, 393 ' 319, 604 366, 070 529
Total licenses___________________________________________________________________________ 15, 081
Total livestock__________________________________________________________________________ ' 8, 396, 351
Total cattle_________________________________________________________________________ 1, 576, 976
Total horses_________________________________________________________________________ 131, 059
Total sheep_________________________________________________________________________ 6, 515, 835
Total goats__________________________________________________________________________ 172, 481
52 percent of all cattle licensees were owners of less than 50 head of stock.
38.5 percent of all sheep licensees were owners of less than 500 head of stock.
93.1 percent of all cattle licensees were owners of less than 500 head of stock.
86.3 percent of all sheep licensees were owners of less than 3,000 head of stock.
A number of users of the public lands cannot meet the requirements
set forth in the regulations for a grazing license, and the problems
arising from this condition have been among the most difficult
to solve in the administration of the act to date. The Division is
fully cognizant of the hardship which may result from immediate
ejectment of these persons from the range, and in all cases adequate
time was granted in which to make other provisions for the handling
of their livestock.
The termination of free and unrestricted grazing which has prevailed
for so long has naturally resulted in some violation of the rules
and regulations providing for the administration of the public
ranges. However, these violations have been remarkably few. A
large number of alleged trespasses have been investigated, trespass
notices served, and trespasses abated. Many cases have also been
investigated for violation of the terms of the licenses. Approximately
100 motions for review of the decisions of the regional graziers have
18 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
been filed and are now pending local hearing. Many of these are
expected to be adjusted without the necessity of a hearing.
Court proceedings have been found necessary in a number of cases
of continued trespass in which parties have failed to remove their
stock after due. notice. An outstanding case involving violation of
the rules and regulations during the year was that of the U. S. v.
Joe Odiago and Cleto Achabal^ in which the defendants challenged
the constitutionality of the Taylor Act. In a decision rendered
June 22, Federal Judge John H. McNary of the United States
District Court for Oregon overruled demurrers filed in behalf of the
defendants with the following opinion:
It is settled by the highest judicial authority that, “All public lands of the
Nation are held in trust for the benefit of the whole country” and that the
Constitution vests in the Congress all the rights incident to the private ownership
of such lands.
The provision of the act authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to establish
grazing districts and make such rules and regulations as shall be necessary
to accomplish the purposes of the law, does not constitute a delegation of
legislative power but creates administrative duties. Obviously the fixing of
boundaries of grazing districts so as to prevent overgrazing and soil deterioration
is a matter of detail, and a necessary subject of inquiry and determination
by an administrative officer.
The Secretary of the Interior is authorized by the act to make rules regulating
permits and preferences not inconsistent with the provisions of section
3 of the act.
The defendants were held for trial before the United States District
Court for Oregon which is expected to be held during the
October session of 1936.
COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS
Section 2 of the Taylor Grazing Act provides that—
the Secretary of the Interior * * * shall make such rules and regulations
and establish such service, enter into such cooperative agreements, and do any
and all things necessary to accomplish the purposes of this act and to insure
the objects of such grazing districts, namely; to regulate their occupancy and
use * * *.
Under the authority granted in the section above quoted, the Secretary
on March 17, 1936, approved a form to be followed in entering
into cooperative agreements with local associations of stockmen.
This particular form of agreement was drawn to provide for grazing
administration in Montana, where the public lands in grazing districts
constitute only about 25 percent of the area and are intermingled
with State, county, tax default, railroad, and other privately
owned lands. It is, however, adaptable for use in any State where a
similar situation may exist.
DIVISION OF GRAZING 19
Licenses are issued to those entitled to them by the board of
directors of the association under the general supervision of the
Division of Grazing.
This method is meeting with approval, and agreements have been
entered into with nine associations in Montana. A number of local
associations in other States are in the process of organization, and
it is expected that in the near future numerous agreements will be
submitted to the Secretary for approval.
IMPROVEMENTS
The Taylor Act provides for the construction, purchase, and maintenance
of range improvements within grazing districts, and that 25
percent of all collected fees when appropriated by Congress are
returnable for this purpose. No money was available from this
source during the past year, but a diversified range improvement
program has been carried on through the C. C. C. camps. Stockwater
development, construction of trails and fences, rodent and
insect control, and soil erosion activities are under way, and the
accomplishments are described more fully later in this report. The
Division has also acquired approximately 100 wells distributed over
grazing districts in the State of Utah from the Utah Drought Relief
Commission. These wells afford increased utilization of available
resources in areas where permanent water was formerly lacking,
and are a distinct asset to the grazing ranges of this State. The
wells are operated by the Division through the temporary employment
of local help.
STOCK DRIVEWAYS
Administration of established stock driveways within grazing districts
was placed under the jurisdiction of the Division of Grazing
April 20. These driveways are reserved under the provisions of
the act of December 29, 1916 (39 Stat. 865 U. S. C., title 43, sec.
300). It is the purpose of the Division to effect at the earliest possible
date a practical system of driveways within districts which will
involve revision of many of the existing withdrawals.
WILDLIFE PROTECTION
In cooperation with the Bureau of Biological Survey, the Division
has begun a program of wildlife conservation through the establishment
of game ranges to be managed cooperatively by both agencies.
Ten areas containing an approximate total of 10,000,000 acres have
been agreed upon, and Executive orders have been issued establishing
the following:
20 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Desert game range, Nevada_______________________________ May 20,1936.
Hart Mountain game range, Oregon_______________________ Sept. 6,1935.
Charles Sheldon refuge, Nevada____________________________ May 6,1936.
The preparation of orders establishing other ranges is almost
complete and their establishment should be consummated within a
short time. Under the terms of these orders, the right to forage
resources of the lands will be reserved for a definite number of
wildlife, with the remaining forage to' be utilized by domestic animals.
The Division has also fully cooperated with the Bureau of
Biological Survey in the establishment of refuges for waterfowl and
game, which will be administered entirely by the Bureau of Biological
Survey.
The Secretary of the Interior on August 21, 1935, approved Division
of Grazing Circular No. 3 entitled “Special Rules for Grazing-
Districts in New Mexico”, which embodies the so-called New Mexico
plan. In substance, it provides that in addition to the regularly
elected district advisors for each grazing district established under
the Taylor Grazing Act in New Mexico, there be appointed one
district advisor in each grazing district to represent wildlife and
recreational resources. Such district advisor shall have the same
qualifications as the elected advisors, except that he need not be
an owner of livestock, and he shall be nominated by the land-use
committee of the New Mexico State planning board. This board
advisor will be appointed by the Secretary of the Interior in the
same manner and form as the other district advisors.
The plan provides that the utilization of grazing district lands by
domestic livestock shall be in accord with the following fundamental
principles for conservation and propagation of wildlife and other
natural resources upon the public domain. In allotting range resources,
allowance will be made for a reasonable utilization by wildlife.
Game and bird refuges may be established within grazing districts.
In areas determined by the Secretary of the Interior, upon
consideration of all interests involved, to be of higher value for and
better adapted to production of wildlife than to domestic stock,
preference shall be given to such higher use. Should game animals
become overabundant, the State or Federal laws will be invoked to
limit by removal, through hunting or otherwise, game animals until
a reasonable number has been attained. All permittees on grazing
districts shall comply with State and Federal game laws, and officials
of the Department of the Interior will cooperate in enforcement of
these laws. This plan has met with the approval of the varied
interests of New Mexico, and the game interests of other Western
States are now being consulted to work out similar arrangements.
From an individual standpoint, the ranchers and livestock men are
themselves the greatest conservators of the wildlife in the West.
DIVISION OF GRAZING 21
Many of the large ranches are literally game reserves and bird
refuges, where grouse, sage hens, pheasants, deer, and antelope
abound and are afforded such protection as the owners of the
ranches on which they roam are able to give them.
CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS
The work of the Division with respect to the classification of
lands embraces chiefly the range-survey program by which fundamental
basic data is secured to build range-management plans. These
surveys embrace both reconnaissance and detailed studies pertaining
to the character of range lands with respect to their present condition
and carrying capacity, proper seasons of use, classes of livestock to
which adapted, needed range improvements, and other pertinent data
which must be secured in making plans both for current use and
ultimate rehabilitation of the forage resources.
It further includes the preparation of status maps showing the
ownership of all lands within grazing districts and a measure of
the basic ranch properties of applicants which must serve as a basis
for ascertaining the commensurate rights of each individual to
grazing on the public lands.
A considerable amount of data of this kind was previously obtained
by the Geological Survey, and this information is now available to>
the Division of Grazing. All phases of this work are now under
way in all the grazing districts under administration, and it is being
pushed as rapidly as'possible with the available means. During the
year, the Division has acquired and compiled considerable additional
information through the cooperative efforts of the various State
agricultural colleges, the Division of Investigations of the Department
of the Interior, and other Federal agencies.
The end of the fiscal year finds the preparation of status maps
approximately 60 percent completed; the analysis of basic range
properties, approximately 25 percent completed; and necessary field
work on range studies, approximately 10 percent completed.
The Division is also charged with the classification of lands with
respect to their value for agricultural purposes as required by the
various land laws. These classifications involve recommendations
for designations under the enlarged and stock-raising homestead acts,
a determination of the value of watering places for public purposes,
classification of lands applied for under section 7 of the Taylor
Grazing Act, and determination of the propriety of approving applications
under sections 8, 14, and 15 from the standpoint of the public
benefit where lands involved in these applications fall within boundaries
of grazing districts.
22 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Recommendations for designations of lands under the enlarged and
stock-raising homestead acts have been substantially terminated by
the Executive orders of November 26, 1934, and February 5, 1935,
withdrawing public lands for classification. During the year, 1,711
cases under these acts were acted upon, embracing principally those
filed prior to the Executive withdrawals, and on June 30, only 110
such cases were still pending action by the Division. During the
year, 1,120 acres were designated under the enlarged homestead act
m 6 States, increasing the total acreage so designated at 268,468,865
acres; 7,295 acres of land were designated under the stock-raising
homestead act in 11 States, increasing the outstanding area to
102,436,542 acres.
One thousand one hundred fifty cases have ben received for action
by the Division under sections 7, 8, 14, and 15 of the Taylor Grazing
Act, and a total of 72 applications under these sections have been
acted upon.
During the fiscal year, 2,240 acres in 8 States were included in
public water reserves, and 80 acres in 1 State were excluded from
such reserves, resulting in a net increase of the gross public water
reserve areas in 12 States to 510,388.
Action on pending applications under sections 14 and 15, which
involve lands in present and proposed grazing districts, has necessarily
been delayed pending a study of the areas involved to determine
the practicability of administration of the land as a part of the
district. Field offices are now engaged in preparing reports on the
advisability of eliminating certain areas including scattered tracts
of public land from districts in order that they may be disposed
of under these sections of the act.
EMERGENCY CONSERVATION WORK
On July 1, 1935, 7 C. C. C. camps engaged in range improvement
work Avere being operated by the Division, and plans were formulated
for receiving 53 additional camps under the expanded program of
Emergency Conservation Work. However, a revision in the general
program and a reduction in the total number of C. C. C. companies
reduced the quota of camps allotted to the Division to 45—an increase
of 38.
Each State, with the exception of Montana, was allotted a number
of camps, and the entire public-domain area was divided into three
regions for efficient administration and supervision of work projects.
Region 1 comprises the States of Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, and
Idaho, with regional headquarters at Salt Lake City, Utah. Region
2 comprises the States of Oregon, Nevada, and California, with
regional headquarters at Reno, Nev. Region 3 comprises the States
DIVISION OF GRAZING 23
of New Mexico and Arizona, with headquarters at Albuquerque,
N. Mex.
Construction of camps was delayed, and the entire quota was
not officially turned over for occupancy and operation until the
middle of October, so that the actual increase in work accomplished
and completed over that done by the seven camps during the fifth
enrollment period, April 1, 1935, to September 30, 1935, was not
appreciable.
The rigors of winter prevented a full-time schedule for the sixth
enrollment period, October 1, 1935, to March 31, 1936, but satisfactory
progress was made and the various livestock organizations,
district advisory boards, stockmen, and interested citizens have expressed
their satisfaction and appreciation for the improvements
made in the range areas.
On April 1, 1936, the E. C. W. branch of the Division was fully
organized and functioning efficiently, and work programs recommended
and approved by the advisory boards of the grazing districts
were ready for execution by the C. C. C. companies under the
technical supervision of the Division and the appointed supervisory
personnel.
The public domain range lands are generally located in areas of
low precipitation, with a maximum of 15 inches per year. Accordingly,
the work projects, outlined and approved by the stockmen
and the advisory boards, directed toward water development and
means for the movement of stock, have been given preference.
Water-development projects have contributed considerably to an
actual increase in water resources and have been a means of better
utilizing the forage resources of the range. By judiciously placing
these water developments difficulties sustained in former years
through a lack of water will be eliminated and will accomplish a
great deal toward placing the livestock operator on a more substantial
plane of operation. Four hundred twenty thousand mandays
were expended on water-development projects, including wells,
flood eradication, construction of reservoir and other storage facilities
during the year.
The construction of fences to control the movement and grazing
of livestock, construction of stock trails, truck trails, and minor
roads to facilitate movement through grazing districts, and the construction
of corrals form other major parts of this construction
program. Rodents definitely destroy incalculable amounts of forage
annually, and the control of these pests has been undertaken with
the cooperation of the Bureau of Biological Survey in infested areas.
The program also includes campaigns against the destructive mormon
crickets, the eradication of noxious and poisonous plants, and
erosion-control measures.
24 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
The following is a summary of the most important accomplishments
of the year:
Water holes and small stock reservoirs (completed) (capacity
30,000,000 gallons)________________________________________ 152
Wells_____________________________________________________ 20
Pipe lines (for stock water)------------------------------------------ feet_ 27,000
Truck trails_________________________________________ miles_ 1, 336
Minor roads_________________________________________ do 321
Stock trails__________________________________________do 135
Bridges___________________________________________________ 27
Fences---------------------------------------------------------- .______ miles— 260
Corrals___________________________________________________ 68
Cattle guards________ ’_____________________________________ 58
Rodent control_______________________________________ acres_ 2, 600, 000
Noxious and poisonous weed eradication_________________ do 80, 000
Insect-pest control_____________________________________do 48,000
In addition a large volume of work has been completed on erosioncontrol
structures involving the construction of more than 30,000
check dams, diversion ditches, terracing, channel excavations, and
stream-bank protection.
FIRE AND FLOODS
Emergency work has been done by the enrollees in time of fire
and flood. During floods in New Mexico which almost destroyed
the city of Las Cruces and cost millions of dollars in damage to the
surrounding valleys, the C. C. C. workers were highly praised by
local officials for the heroic part they played during the disaster.
Besides giving assistance in the flood-stricken districts, a dike was
built near the town of Hatch which saved the town from destruction.
Enrollees have given valuable aid in fighting fires, and approximately
8,600 man-days of labor were consumed for this purpose.
Through cooperative agreements with other Federal and State agencies,
use of C. C. C. enrollees of any camp is made immediately
available for any fire emergency.
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM
The educational program is an important part of each C. C. C.
camp, and it has been planned to fit the requirements of the individual
enrollee. The chief objectives of the program are vocational,
character, and citizenship development, with specific consideration
given to job training. Every opportunity is given the enrollees
to master the machinery used on the work projects, and through the
daily work in connection with classroom instruction many skilled
workers have been developed from completely untrained men. Systematic
instruction on the job includes practice on the job in the
DIVISION OF GRAZING 25
field and at least 2 hours per week of systematic basic instruction
underlying the work off the job. This basic instruction includes a
general course in conservation.
The Emergency Conservation Work organization of the Division
has grown from a total of 133 persons on July 1, 1935, to 585 persons
on July 1, 1936. The personnel has been employed with particular
attention to the supervision necessary for the specialized
work projects and the administration incident to Emergency
Conservation Work.
A survey of the range areas and a full realization of the imminent
need for stabilizing the stock industry by improvement means,
indicate that in order to supply properly and adequately the needs
of 142,000,000 acres of range lands, now or to be included in 50 grazing
districts, requires at a minimum 200 200-man C. C. C. camps
for a minimum period of 10 years. By judiciously locating the
camps and with smaller units working from the base camp in each
grazing district according to seasonal conditions and construction
or type of camp, it is believed the entire area can be easily and efficiently
served. The quota of 45 camps now allocated to the Division
permits only a very small portion of the public domain to receive
range improvements. The participation of the Division of Grazing
in Emergency Conservation Work should be decidedly increased and
the activities expanded.
DIVISION OF TERRITORIES AND ISLAND
POSSESSIONS
Ebne st Gbu en in g , Director
The Division of Territories and Island Possessions was created
by Executive Order No. 6726, issued by the President on May 29,
1934. This order provided for the transfer of all functions pertaining
to Puerto Rico, previously vested in the Bureau of Insular
Affairs, War Department, to the new Division to be administered
under the supervision of the Secretary of the Interior. In accordance
with the intention of the order to centralize and coordinate
territorial affairs, the activities pertaining to Alaska, Hawaii, and
the Virgin Islands, already under the jurisdiction of the Department
of the Interior, were transferred to the new Division. These activities
included not only general supervision of the respective governors’
offices, but also the Alaska Railroad, the Alaska Road Commission,
Alaska reindeer, Alaska insane, the Virgin Islands Co., the
Government-owned Bluebeard Castle Hotel at St. Thomas, Virgin
Islands, Puerto Rico Hurricane Relief Loan Section, and the
Hawaiian Homes Commission.
The supervisory relationship of the Division of Territories and
Island Possessions to the activities under its jurisdiction was cemented
during the year by inspection trips of its officials to Alaska,
Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands; also the governors and
other officials of the respective Territories and possessions visited
Washington for the purpose of presenting problems and securing
the assistance of the Division in their solution. This interchange of
visits and conferences has brought about a feeling of mutual understanding
and cooperation which provides a firm foundation for effective
administration in the future.
Through the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration, the Virgin
Islands Co., the Alaska Rural Rehabilitation Corporation, and
the Hawaiian Homes Commission, long-range policies for the improvement
and economic social welfare of the Territories and possessions
are being effectively carried out under the supervision of
the Division. A general outline of these activities is set forth later
in this report.
During the year, Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands were, by
Presidential order, placed under the jurisdiction of the Division and
27
28 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Congress made an appropriation for their colonization. These
equatorial islands are situated in the Pacific Ocean south of Hawaii
and headquarters for their direct administration have been set up
by the Division in Honolulu. The first expedition under the supervision
of the Division was organized with the cooperation of several
other Government departments in June, and four colonists, with
food, supplies, water, etc., were placed on each of the three islands
to make weather observations and compile scientifiic data for use in
connection with possible future air routes to the South Seas, New
Zealand, and Australia.
VIRGIN ISLANDS
The Division has been active in supervising the administration of
the government of the Virgin Islands and in carrying out the program
for economic and social rehabilitation. Under date of August
21, 1935, the President issued an Executive order placing the administration
of relief, work relief, and useful projects for the islands
under the jurisdiction of the Governor of the Virgin Islands, subject
to the supervision of the Secretary of the Interior. This order has
had the effect of coordinating all Federal relief activities in the
Virgin Islands.
The United States Government purchased 5,000 acres of land together
with 2 sugar mills, a distillery, warehouses, 10 villages,
machine shops, garages, wharves, livestock pens, and miscellaneous
agricultural buildings. A P. W. A. allotment of $2,000,000 was made
available to acquire these properties, to recondition them with new
machinery, to construct new villages and to purchase tractors, trucks,
work animals, and, in general, to create a reconditioned agricultural
and industrial plant.
The Virgin Islands Co. is the corporation organized to manage
and operate these properties. The company has raised 4,000 crates
of tomatoes and shipped them to the New York market. The company
has planted and cultivated 1,500 acres of sugarcane. Each year
the company purchases $45,000 worth of sugarcane grown by 700
small growers. Last spring the company sold 25,000,000 pounds
of sugarcane to the privately owned LaGrange Sugar Factory and
rum distilleries on the island of St. Croix. Tractors and farm equipment
are rented to all persons and corporations applying. All of
the sugarcane purchased by the company and part of the cane raised
by the company has been processed into 500,000 gallons of straight
cane juice rum, which has been placed in charred oak barrels to
be aged.
The Congress of the United States has enacted legislation authorizing
the Virgin Islands Co. to pay taxes into the treasury of the
DIVISION OF TERRITORIES AND ISLAND POSSESSIONS 29
islands. This icome is to assist the local legislatures to provide
funds for school, hospitals, island public works, and police and fire
protection.
The Virgin Islands Co. program has been established to create commerce,
furnish employment to approximately 1,000 persons, improve
living conditions and gradually to relieve the Congress of the United
States from making annual appropriations for the support of the
islands’ schools, hospitals, and other municipal expenses.
PUERTO RICO
As referred to in the report of last year, a comprehensive reconstruction
program has been put into effect covering rural rehabilitation,
rural electrification, slum clearance and housing, reforestation,
and construction of buildings for the University of Puerto Rico.
Legislation was obtained from the Seventhy-fourth Congress by
which, beginning with the fiscal year to end June 30, 1938, Puerto
Rico is entitled to share in appropriations which may become available
for apportionment under the Federal Aid Road Act of July 11,
1916, under the same terms and conditions as any of the several
States. Under another act, approved August 23, 1935, bank deposits
in Puerto Rico may be insured, thus affording the same protection
to depositors there as now given to depositors in the United
States under the Federal deposit insurance laws. Also pursuant to
recommendation of the Governor, wTe obtained extension of the
Liquor Enforcement Act of 1936 to Puerto Rico.
Loans made by the former Puerto Rican Hurricane Relief Commission
are now in process of composition and adjustment as authorized
in Public Resolution No. 60, Seventy-fourth Congress, approved
August 27, 1935. Regulations governing the procedure to be
followed in making the compositions and adjustments were approved
August 26, 1936. Two loans were paid off during the year. There
are now 3,013 loans outstanding, which were originally contracted
in the . amount of $5,655,760. Prior to making adjustments, the
total sum due the United States, including unpaid interest, now
exceeds $6,000,000.
The following changes have occurred among officials of the government
of Puerto Rico, who are appointed by the President:
Hon. Martin Travieso was confirmed as associate justice of the supreme court
on March 19, 1936, succeeding Hon. Pedro de Aldrey, retired.
Hon. Benigno Fernandez Garcia was confirmed as attorney general on June
18, 1936, succeeding Hon. Benjamin J. Horton, resigned.
Much political unrest has existed in Puerto Rico, due in large part
to long-standing unemployment and the real need of relief for the
poorer people. Col. Francis E. Riggs, chief of the insular police, was
30 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
assassinated on February 23, 1936. The agitation continued, and
eight of the Nationalist leaders were tried and convicted on charges
of conspiring to overthrow the United States Government by force.
Maj. Enrique de Orbeta, a native Puerto Rican, was appointed by the
Governor to succeed Colonel Riggs and he assumed the duties of the
office on June 2, 1936.
Three bond issues aggregating $3,973,000 were sold on behalf of
the government of Puerto Rico. Refunding bonds amounting to
$3,778,000 were awarded to the highest bidder at 100.209, to bear an
interest rate of 2% percent per annum. The proceeds from this issue
were used to retire seven outstanding issues, which were callable
prior to maturity, and bearing higher rates of interest, thus making
a substantial saving in interest charges.
ALASKA
Promoting the orderly development of Alaska’s resources and
the establishment on its 6,000 square miles of territory a greater
permanent population, the Division of Territories and Island Possessions
has been actively interested in all those factors of administration
and legislation affecting the course of Territorial affairs.
Protection of the welfare of the native population, conservation
and utilization of Alaska’s natural resources, the increased local
production of foodstuffs, better transportation facilities within the
Territory and with continental United States, more equitable and
better coordinated Federal appropriations, and more satisfactory
conditions of service of Federal representatives residing in the
Territory have appeared to be immediate considerations for the
attainment of major ends. In these fields, the year has witnessed
important and basic developments. The extension of the economic
and social benefits of the Indian reorganization act to Alaska has
paved the way for the security of approximately one-half of the
present population of the Territory, whose stabilized future is not
only an essential act of humanitarianism but also an important item
of wholesome advance.
The Matanuska colony, under the auspices of the Federal Emergency
Relief Administration, during its second summer has demonstrated
that it is solidly established. Undoubtedly, the success of
its settlers, as it becomes more thoroughly demonstrated, will lead
to an increased agricultural population and a greater production
of necessary foodstuffs. Already other farming districts, notably
the Kenai Peninsula, report numbers of settlers who, upon individual
initiative, have acquired homesteads. The ultimate effect of
this development upon the economy, conditions of living, and popDIVISION
OF TERRITORIES AND ISLAND POSSESSIONS 31
illation of the Territory cannot be overestimated. In keeping with
this movement and enabling the Alaska University at Fairbanks
to further demonstrate its value as an educational and service
center, was the extension of the Adams, Purnell, and the Capper-
Ketcham Acts to the Territory. Community service and agricultural
demonstration activities, essential aids to pioneering effort,
sponsored for several years by the university, can now be more
adequately expanded.
The deliberations of the Inter-Departmental Committee have resulted
in additional emphasis upon the conviction that the progress of
Alaska and the needs of its population may better be served by the
increased coordination of the plans and activities of the several departments
represented in Alaska. In this connection, plans have
been formed for a unified attack upon Alaska’s transportation and
budgetary problems with a view toward securing more adequate appropriation
for the' development of its natural resources, a better
system of roads, additional air transportation aids, and more adequate
harbor facilities. At the same time, overland transportation between
Alaska and continental United States has taken an important step
forward because of the enactment of a law authorizing the President
to negotiate with the Canadian Government for the location, survey,
and construction of an international highway.
Additional recognition of the value of local autonomy has been
secured through the enactment of the law to enable incorporated
municipalities to incur bonded indebtedness, thereby relieving Congress
of the consideration of local problems in which it can have but
causal interest and extending to organized local communities direct
control of their financial programs.
Alaska Railroad employees, hitherto excluded from the benefits of
any Federal retirement provision, by virtue of congressional action
are now included in that body of Federal employees for whom cooperative
retirement plans have been established. Needless to say,
this legislation is considered by the personnel of the Alaska Railroad
as a noteworthy accomplishment.
In these contributions to the welfare and development of Alaska,
the Division of Territories and Island Possessions has taken active
participation in directing the affairs of the Governor’s office, the
Alaska Road Commission, the Alaska Railroad, the Alaska Reindeer
Service, in arranging for the care of Alaska insane, and through its
liaison capacity in relationship to the other branches of the Department
having activities in Alaska, as well as by its participation in
the conferences of the Inter-Departmental Committee on Alaska and
hearings of committees of Congress.
98234—36-------4
32 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
HAWAII
While the Territory of Hawaii is a comparatively self-contained
political subdivision, the Division of Territories and Island Possessions
has been concerned with several of its major problems.
By act of Congress of July 9,1921, known as the Hawaiian Homes
Commission Act, 1920, large areas of public lands of the Territory
were set aside to be administered by the Hawaiian Homes Commission
for the benefit of native Hawaiians, in order to rehabilitate the
Hawaiian race and prevent the decrease and possible extinction thereof.
Under an amendment to section 202 of this act passed by the
Seventy-fourth Congress—Public 223—a new commission was appointed
by the Governor to administer this activity. The Secretary
of the Interior designated George K. Harrison as his representative
to cooperate with the commission and to report on its activities directly
to this Department. The new commission is proving to be
energetic and enthusiastic in the discharge of its duties and there
is every reason to believe that its businesslike management and vigorous
enforcement of policies and regulations will prove beneficial to
the Hawaiian people, and assure the continuance and possible expansion
of the homes project.
As a further benefit to the Hawaiian people and in the interest of
diversified farming and increased productivity for the approximately
40,000 acres which are administered by the Hawaiian Homes Commission
on Molokai, a water survey was authorized by the Secretary
of the Interior. The object is to determine the possibilities of diverting
the flows of perennial streams located on the north side of East
Molokai to supply the arable portions of the islands where the
Hoolehua homesteads are located. When the present survey is completed,
it will be definitely determined whether the proposed irrigation
project is practical from the engineering point of view and also
if the amount of land to be reclaimed will justify the expense
involved.
During the fiscal year, the Territory has received generous allotments
of funds from the Federal Government for relief and various
construction projects. Also, under the provisions of Public Act 204
of the Congress of the United States, approved July 15, 1935, the
city and county of Honolulu was authorized by the President during
the fiscal year to issue bonds in the amount of $700,000 for public
improvements designed to control the floodwaters of certain valleys
on the island of Oahu. The total amount of bonds authorized for
issuance by the city and county of Honolulu was $1,200,000, leaving
a balance of $500,000 to be expended, with the President’s approval,
during the coming fiscal year to complete the projects now under way.
PETROLEUM ADMINISTRATIVE BOARD
G. W. Holl an d , Director
The duties of the Petroleum Administrative Board in assisting the
Administrator for the Petroleum Industry in the administration of
the Code of Fair Competition for the Petroleum Industry terminated
with the decision of the United States Supreme Court on May 27,
1935, in the case of United States v. Schechter Poultry Corporation
(295 U. S. 495).
From July 1, 1935, to April 1, 1936, in compliance with Executive
Order No. 7076, the Board carried on studies and research with respect
to the petroleum industry. Studies were completed and the
following reports were published: Report on the Cost of Producing
Crude Petroleum, Operation of New Pool Plans of Orderly Development
Under the Code of Fair Competition for the Petroleum Industry,
and the Final Report of the Marketing Division.
During the period from July 1935, to April 1, 1936, the Petroleum
Administrative Board advised with the Secretary of the Interior on
the enforcement of the act of Congress of February 22, 1935 (49
Stat. 30), generally known as the Connally Act, and so referred to
hereinafter.
PETROLEUM CONSERVATION DIVISION
The Secretary of the Interior, by order no. 1054 dated March 14,
1936, established the Petroleum Conservation Division, effective April
1, 1936. The Division advises and assists the Secretary , of the Interior
in the enforcement of the Connally Act and in the administration
of Federal Tender Board No. 1 and Federal Petroleum Agency
No. 1; is authorized to discuss the work of any agency dealing with
oil and gas; recommend action on any case brought to its attention;
coordinate information; and, through appropriate channels, act as
the contact agency with the Interstate Oil Compact Commission;
present required data to the Congress; attend oil and gas conferences
in which the Department is interested; cooperate with the oilproducing
States in the study of physical waste and the enactment
of uniform oil and gas conservation laws; and contact other departments
of the Government whose work deals in any measure with oil
and gas.
An interstate oil compact, ratified by the States of New Mexico,
Colorado, Illinois, Kansas, Texas, and Oklahoma, was approved by
Congress on August 27, 1935, and in response to a request from
33
34 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
the Interstate Oil Compact Commission, the Division assigned a
member of the staff to work with a subcommittee of the Commission
in an analysis, indexing, and compilation of State laws, with a view
toward uniformity in State oil and gas conservation statutes.
The Rodessa field in Louisiana and Texas has been under observation,
personnel of Federal Petroleum Agency No. 1 having been assigned
to observe developments and to assist the States in oil and
gas conservation and the prevention of the movement of contraband
oil in interstate commerce.
FEDERAL TENDER BOARD NO. 1
The original Federal Tender Board which was established by the
Secretary of the Interior on October 18, 1934, under authority of the
National Industrial Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933 (48 Stat.
195), was terminated by the decision of the Supreme Court of the
United States dated January 7, 1935, on section 9 (c) of that act in
the Panama Refining Company case (293 U. S. 388). Federal Tender
Board No. 1, with headquarters at Kilgore, Tex., was established by
Executive Order No. 6980-C, March 1, 1935, under authority of the
Connally Act, and operates in a designated area known as the East
Texas field, comprised of the counties of Gregg, Upshur, Smith,
Rusk, and a part of Cherokee County.
The Board is required to issue certificates of clearance or tenders
permitting the shipment in interstate commerce of petroleum and
its products whenever it determines that the petroleum or petroleum
products does not constitute contraband oil. Contraband oil is defined
as petroleum which, or any constituent part of which, was
produced, transported, or withdrawn from storage in excess of the
amounts permitted to be produced, transported, or withdrawn from
storage under the laws of a State or any regulation or order prescribed
thereunder by any board, commission, officer, or other duly
authorized agency of such State, or any of the products of such
petroleum. Excess oil has been produced in the East Texas field
since the first proration orders were issued by the State, estimates
of excess production from the discovery of the field in October 1930
up to July 1, 1936, varying from 80,000,000 to 100,000,000 barrels.
The amount of such excess production in June 1936 was estimated
at 5,000 barrels daily, compared with 75,000 barrels daily in June
1935, a decline of 70,000 barrels.
The East Texas oil field, which has produced approximately 1,000,-
000,000 barrels of oil, is from 3% to 10 miles wide and about 50
miles long. On July 1, 1935, it contained 124,000 productive acres;
a year later, 130,000 acres. On June 30, 1936, there were 20,848
producing wells, a gain of 2,977 wells during the fiscal year. The
PETROLEUM ADMINISTRATIVE BOARD 35
density of spacing changed from one well to 6.92 acres on July 1,
1935, to one well to 6.21 acres on June 30, 1936.
Approximately 90 percent of the crude oil produced in the field
is transported to the Gulf coast through 14 pipe lines. Practically
all of the remainder is refined in the field, the products being transported
in tank cars and trucks.
On July 1, 1935, the Railroad Commission of Texas listed 73
refineries in the field, of which 28 were operating and 45 were shut
down. On July 1, 1936, there were 59 refineries, 17 of which were
operating and 42 were shut down. On July 1, 1935, there were 17
natural-gasoline plants as compared with 19 on July 1, 1936. The
production of natural gasoline increased from 6,840 barrels to
10,000 barrels per day over the year.
The average gravity of east Texas crude oil is 39.5°. It has a
paraffin-asphalt base and produces by skimming about 33 percent
of gasoline and by cracking as much as 70 percent.
The posted price of crude oil was $1 a barrel from July 1, 1935,
until January 6, 1936, when it was raised to $1.15 per barrel.
Under State authority the total allowable for the field was
160,476,943 barrels for the fiscal year, and the Railroad Commission
of Texas reported actual production of 157,953,452 barrels, and the
United States Bureau of Mines reported 173,580,000 barrels. The
production of natural gasoline totaled 2,734,243 barrels, and the
butane production 115,483 barrels. Reservoir pressure declined from
1,227.80 pounds per square inch on July 1, 1935, to 1,182.44 pounds
per square inch on June 30, 1936, a. decrease of 45.36 pounds per
square inch. Crude oil production equaled approximately 3,500,000
barrels for each pound decline in pressure.
The production of gasoline and naphtha in the east Texas field
totaled 8,322,169 barrels, kerosene 665,432 barrels, fuel oil and
residuum 3,323,865 barrels, and gas oil and distillate 1,218,147 barrels
during the fiscal year. Of a total of 16,379,339 barrels of petroleum
products, including butane and natural gasoline, 12,226,761 barrels
were shipped by tank car.
During the fiscal year, the Federal Tender Board received 6,207
applications for tenders, 3,789 being for permits to transport
209,131,673 barrels of crude oil, and of which 3,668 applications involving
207,569,560 barrels were approved, 103 involving 1,292,573
barrels were not approved, and 18 involving 269,540 barrels were
pending as of June 30, 1936. There were 225 applications covering
3,218,567 barrels for tenders on natural gasoline, of which 214 involving
3,080,437 barrels were approved, 1 involving 5,256 barrels was
not approved, and 10 involving 132,874 barrels were pending. Butane
applications numbered 24, involving 203,429 barrels, of which 21 involving
156,682 barrels were approved, 3 involving 46,747 barrels
36 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
were pending. Applications for tenders on refined products numbered
2,169 involving 12,224,553 barrels; 2,065 involving 11,227,832
barrels were approved; 93 applications involving 914,244 barrels
were not approved and 11 applications involving 82,447 barrels were
pending at the end of the fiscal year. The following table summarizes
the action taken by Federal Tender Board No. 1 and Federal Petroleum
Agency No. 1 upon applications for certificates of clearance
received during the fiscal year.
Applications for certificates of clearance, Federal Tender Board No. 1 and Federal
Petroleum Agency No. 1, July 1, 1935, to June 30, 1936
Crude oil Natural
gasoline Butane Gasoline
Other
refined
products
Total
Received:
Number________________ 3,789
209,131,673
3,668
207,569, 560
103
1, 292, 573
18
269,540
225
3,218,567
214
3, 080,437
1
5,256
10
132,874
24
203,429
21
156,682
0
0
3
46,747
790
6,653,054
758
6,443,821
28
161, 388
4
47,845
1,379
5,571,499
1,307
4,784,011
65
752,856
7
34,632
6, 207
224,778, 222
5,968
222, 034, 511
197
2, 212, 073
42
531, 638
Barrels_________________
Approved:
Number ________
Barrels.. ______________
Not approved:
Number_____________ ..
Barrels___ ___ ______
Pending (June 30, 1936):
Number _________
Barrels_________________
FEDERAL PETROLEUM AGENCY NO. 1
Federal Petroleum Agency No. 1, created by Executive Order No.
7024-B, dated April 25, 1935, under authority of the Connally Act,
was designated by the Secretary of the Interior to exercise all duties
and functions pertaining or incidental to investigations necessary to
the enforcement of the Connally Act and to investigate and report
on all applications for tenders. This agency was under the supervision
of the Division of Investigations (oil enforcement) from the
beginning of the fiscal year until May 1, 1936, when it was placed
under the supervision of the Petroleum Conservation Division.
During the first 6 months of the fiscal year the Division of Investigations
(oil enforcement) maintained eight offices, which on January
1, 1936, were reduced to four—namely, Kilgore and Houston,
Tex., Chicago, and Washington.
The primary activity of the marine unit, with headquarters at
Houston, Tex., during the fiscal year was to obtain information covering
shipments of petroleum and petroleum products. By May 1,
1936,. four motorboats formerly under the direction of several
regional offices had been transferred to Houston. In June the marine
unit was reduced to one boat in active service and two boats in
storage, one boat having been transferred to the National Park
Service.
PETROLEUM ADMINISTRATIVE BOARD 37
The Chicago office during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1936, confined
its activities to investigations of inbound shipments of petroleum
products from producing areas which came under the jurisdiction
of the oil enforcement unit. A periodical check of railroad records
and marine terminal records was made. An average of approximately
70 cases per month was investigated.
During the fiscal year, the agency received from the tender board
6,207 applications, involving 209,131,673 barrels of crude petroleum,
6,653,054 barrels of gasoline, and 8,993,495 barrels of other products.
Examination of these tenders resulted in 5,968 being reported on
favorably to the board, 197 not approved, and, as of June 30, 1936,
42 were pending. The 197 applications not approved included those
withdrawn by applicants, those rejected, and those filed by the
board without action.
During the year, the agency discovered many trucks transporting
East Texas crude oil without Federal tenders from Texas to Louisiana
for delivery to refineries in that State. For the period, 125
criminal cases were developed and approximately 75 percent of the
violators were apprehended after warrants were issued. Cases were
developed and presented against the Louisiana refineries receiving
this oil and injunctions obtained.
A special investigation of the Conroe field, with respect to contraband
oil, was started on January 13, 1936, but was not completed at
the end of the fiscal year.
Throughout the fiscal year, continuous efforts were made by the
agency to detect criminal violations of the Connally Act and to
prepare and present cases to the Department of Justice. From October
1935 to the end of the fiscal year, 396 investigations were assigned
to members of the staff and 196 cases were referred to the Department
of Justice.
Federal authorities and the Railroad Commission of Texas have
cooperated in the investigations made pursuant to. Federal and
State law.
During the fiscal year funds available for the Petroleum Administration
of the Department of Interior, including the Petroleum.
Administrative Board, Petroleum Labor Policy Board, Petroleum
Conservation Division, Division of Investigations, Federal Tender
Board No. 1, and Federal Petroleum Agency No. 1, totaled $714,361,
which was obligated for $565,632, leaving an unexpended balance of
$148,729 as of June 30, 1936. The gross fund was comprised of
allotments of $214,361 from National Industrial Recovery and Public
Works Administration, and of a direct appropriation of $500,000
in the deficiency bill approved August 12,1935. Of the allotted funds
the Petroleum Administrative Board obligated $167,659 and the
Petroleum Labor Policy Board obligated $27,749, leaving an unex38
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
pended balance of $18,953 when the activities of these agencies terminated
on March 31, 1936. From April 1 to June 30, 1936, the
Petroleum Conservation Division obligated the deficiency appropriation
for $15,560, and during the entire fiscal year this appropriation
was obligated for $206,913 by the Federal Tender Board No. 1 and
the Federal Petroleum Agency No. 1, and for $147,751 by the Division
of Investigations (oil enforcement), leaving an unexpended balance
of $129,776.
As of July 1, 1935, the Petroleum Administration had 263 employees,
110 with the Petroleum Administrative Board, 17 with the
Petroleum Labor Policy Board, 54 with Federal Tender Board No.
1 and Federal Petroleum Agency No. 1, and 82 with the Division of
Investigations (oil enforcement). At the end of the fiscal year the
number of employees had been reduced to 97, of which 19 are in
Washington and 78 in the field. The appropriation available for
the year beginning July 1, 1936, has been reduced to $300,000 and
personnel adjustments pending at the close of the fiscal year have
resulted in a further reduction in the number of employees.
The following table shows the expenditures made of available
funds:
Personal services
Emergency
fund
Appropriation
Total
Agency:
Division of Investigations (Oil Enforcement)_____________ $107, 564
14, 060
$107, 564
14, 060
140,075
22, 763
153, 376
Petroleum Conservation Division_______________________
Petroleum A riminist.ra.tivo. Board . _ _ __ _________ $140, 075
Petroleum Labor Policy Board _ ----- - ______ 22,763
Federal Tender Board No. 1 and Federal Petroleum Agency
No. 1 . - ____ ___________________________________ 153, 376
Total __ - __________ -__ __________ 162, 838 275,000 437, 838
Miscellaneous:
Materials and supplies_____________ - _____________ ___ 2.313
2,345
13, 290
65
2, 586
11, 567
362
42
27, 351
3,565
35, 556
1, 679
4,922
8,102
119
13, 640
290
29,664
5,910
48,846
1, 744
7,508
19,669
481
13, 682
290
Communication—_____________________________________
Travel . -_________ ____________________ ____ ________
Transportation of things _ ______ ________________
Printing and binding___________________________________
Rent of buildings__ __________________________ _________
Repairs and alterations__________________ _____________
Equipment _ __ __________________________________
Not otherwise classified___ ____________________________
Total obligated - _______________________________ 195,408
18,953
370,224
129, 776
565,632
Unobligated.-_________ __________________________ _______ 148, 729
Total funds available _____________ ___________ 214, 361 500,000 714,361
Washington
office Field Total
Personnel as of June 30, 1935:
Petroleum Administrative Board___________________________________ 101
17
9 110
17
54
82
PptrnlAiim Pnlinv Rnard ____
Federal Tender Board No. 1 and Federal Petroleum Agency
THxrisinn nf Tn vAst.i^at.inTiR _ _ _ .
54
21 61
Total___________________________________________________________ 139 124 263
Number of employees as of June 30, 1936: Petroleum Conservation Division
(including Federal Petroleum Agency No. 1 and Federal Tender
Board No 1) ____________________ -____________________ 19 78 97
WAR MINERALS RELIEF COMMISSION
Rosc oe Fek ti ch , Commissioner
Acting under the War Minerals Relief Act (40 Stat. 1272) as
amended February 13, 1929 (45 Stat. 1166), the Secretary of the
Interior made 26 awards and 7 disallowances during the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1936.
Six awards, totaling $5,840.61, carried over from the previous
fiscal year, and 13 awards, totaling $83,582.17, made during the
present fiscal year, were paid through the Treasury deficiency appropriation
(Public, No. 440, 74th Cong., approved Feb. 11, 1936) ;
and 7 awards, totaling $19,800.68, were paid through the Treasury
deficiency appropriation (Public, No. 739, 74th Cong., approved June
22, 1936). A total of $109,223.46 was paid during this fiscal year.
Six awards, totaling $21,395.33, were certified to the General Accounting
Office prior to June 30, 1936, to be paid through a future
Treasury deficiency appropriation.
Record of cases filed under the act as amended Feh. 13, 1929
Total cases filed________________________________________________ 348
Total cases dismissed by Supreme Court of District of Columbia_____ 67
Decisions by the Secretary of the Interior:
Awards Denials
To June 30, 1935______________________________ 139 13
July 1, 1935 to June 30, 1936____________________ 25 7
164 20
----- ----- 184
Cases pending:
In Supreme Court of the District of . Columbia_______________ 74
Decrees by Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, pending in
War Minerals Relief Commission June 30, 1936________________ 23
----- 348
ACTION IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF
COLUMBIA
Thirty-four cases were heard and dismissed upon final order of
the court, which held: (1) Conduct of milling and smelting operations
and the manufacture of ferro-alloys not to be within the
meaning of the War Minerals Relief Acts; (2) profits in one operation
by a claimant may be considered in arriving at a net loss in all
39
40 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
operations by a single claimant; (3) failure of plaintiff to prosecute
cases; (4) claims not assignable by operation of law, and death of
claimant and dissolution of corporation relieved the Government of
liability under the act; (5) that the court could not review as matter
of law an item not considered by the Secretary of the Interior.
Ten decrees were entered by the court during the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1936, authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to review
previous decisions made by him.
ACTION IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT
OF COLUMBIA
Neil Crowley, as receiver of the Cuyuna-Minneapolis Iron Co.,
no. 6537, March 23, 1936: Court upheld the right of a receiver to
prosecute the claim under the 1929 amendment of the Relief Act.
W. L. Gazzam, no. 6602, March 30, 1936: Court remanded the case
to Supreme Court of the District of Columbia to give petitioner
opportunity to show his right to sue on the claim and to receive the
award—if one is made—on the partnership’s behalf.
Tungsten Reef Mines Co., no. 6554, May 11, 1936: Court sustained
a decision of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia that
an item of loss was not subject to review by that court as a matter
of law unless the item had been previously considered and denied
by the Secretary of the Interior.
IN THE SEVENTY-FOURTH CONGRESS
Amendments to War Minerals Relief Act of March 2, 1919 (40
Stat. 1272):
Public, No. 602, approved May 18, 1936, authorized the Secretary of the
Interior to open or reopen previous decisions to include interest paid or accrued
to the date of passage of the act when proven to his satisfaction to be allowable
losses within the meaning of the Relief Act of March 2, 1919, as amended.
This act sets a limitation of $1,250,000 for this purpose. An appropriation of
$500,000 was included in the deficiency appropriation (Public, No. 739, approved
June 22, 1936).
Seven claims were filed under this act, before June 30, 1936.
Public, No. 847, approved June 30, 1936, authorized claimants who failed to
file suit under the 1929 amendment of the Relief Act to petition the Secretary
of the Interior to. review their claims upon matters of fact in the light of
decisions of the court in similar cases, and to make awards; and provided
for the rights of deceased claimants to descend to legal successors; and provided
for the rights of dissolved corporations to descend to any officer, director,
stockholder, or legal representative who shall be entitled to benefits of this
act: Provided, That such claims be filed within 6 months of approval of this
act.
NATIONAL BITUMINOUS COAL
COMMISSION
C. F. Hos fo rd , Jr., Chairman
By the Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935, approved by
the President on August 30, 1935, there was created in the Department
of the Interior a National Bituminous Coal Commission, the
five members of which were duly appointed by the President on
September 21, 1935.
The basic act specified that the provisions of section 4 “shall be
formulated by the Commission into a working agreement to be
known as the Bituminous Coal Code.” Immediately after its organization
on September 28, 1935, the Commission proceeded to the
formulation of the code and by its order no. 1, dated October 9,
1935, promulgated the code. This was followed by the issuance to
producers of forms of acceptance of the code, and on May 18, 1936,
acceptances had been received from 4,332 producers whose 1934
tonnage totaled 251,745,140 tons and constituted 70 percent of the
■entire national production.
The act divided the coal fields of the United States into 23 districts
and, for the purpose of establishing minimum prices, grouped
these districts into 9 minimum price areas. On October 9, 1935, the
Commission issued instructions for the election of members of the
23 district boards of coal producers, as provided in the act, and by
November 1, 1935, district boards had been organized in practically
all districts. These district boards, under the general supervision of
the Commission, were required to assist in the establishment of minimum
prices and in the general administration of the act.
One of the major functions of the Commission was the establishment
of minimum prices for all kinds, qualities, and sizes of coal
produced and marketed in the United States, and prior to the decision
of the Supreme Court in the case of Carter v. Carter Coat Company
et at. rendered on May 18, 1936, the Commission had completed
a large part of the work incident to the establishment of minimum
prices in all minimum price areas and had actually established and
put into effect minimum prices in some of the western price areas.
In order to facilitate the compiling of statistical information necessary
to the establishment of minimum prices the Commission directed
41
42 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
the organization of statistical bureaus in each of the districts. These
bureaus collected from the code members within the respective districts
data on producing costs as required by the act and submitted
the compilations therefrom to the Commission, which computed the
weighted average cost of production for the various minimum price
areas and reported its findings to the district boards for use in the
determination of proposed minimum prices for all kinds, qualities,
and sizes of coals produced within the respective districts. As a
further step in the establishment of minimum prices the Commission
directed the classification of all coals of all code members within
the various districts, and, prior to the establishment of minimum
prices for a price area, required representatives of all district boards
within the minimum price area to coordinate proposed minimum
prices in the various common consuming markets, under the direction
of the Commission. In addition to these informal conferences, formal
public hearings were held in Washington as well as in the producing
fields relative to the establishment of minimum prices. When
the Supreme Court decision of May 18, 1936, invalidated the minimum
price provisions of the act, the work necessary to the establishment
of minimum prices for coals produced in minimum price area
no. 1, which comprised approximately 90 percent of all coal produced
in the United States, was practically completed.
Under authority of section 18 of the basic law, the Commission,
in; conjunction with the consumers’ counsel, opposed before the
Interstate Commerce Commission the application of the class I railroads
in the United States for a continuance of emergency freight
surcharges on bituminous coal beyond their original expiration date,
June 30, 1936 (I. C. C., Ex parte 115). These surcharges were conservatively
estimated as amounting to $30,000,000 annually and constituted
a very heavy burden on a depressed industry and on the consumers
of bituminous coal, with the additional effect of reducing
the coal tonnage shipped by rail. The Commission was represented
at hearings and also submitted testimony and exhibits to the Interstate
Commerce Commission in support of the position taken. In addition,
it filed a brief jointly with the consumers’ counsel setting forth
both the detailed factual evidence and the arguments against any
continuance of the freight surcharges on bituminous coal.
The decision of the Interstate Commerce Commission in this matter,
handed down on June 9, 1936, denied the petition of the railroads
for a continuance of the surcharges indefinitely beyond June
30, 1936. It authorized a temporary extension for 6 months but required
a reduction during this period in the maximum surcharge on
coal and coke from 15 cents to 10 cents per ton. This decision will,
in a degree, relieve the bituminous-coal industry of a heavy burden
NATIONAL BITUMINOUS COAL COMMISSION 43
and will represent savings of millions annually to consumers of bituminous
coal.
During the year the Commission initiated studies and investigations
required under section 16 of the act, which section reads as follows:
Sec . 16. The Commission shall study and investigate the matter of increasing
the uses of bituminous coal and the problems of its importation and exportation;
and shall further investigate—-
(1) The economic operation of mines with the view to the conservation of
the national coal resources.
(2) The safe operation of mines for the purpose of minimizing working
hazards, and for such purpose shall be authorized to employ the services of
the Bureau of Mines.
(3) The rehabilitation of mine workers displaced from employment, and
the relief of mine workers partially employed. The Commission’s findings and
recommendations shall be transmitted to the proper agency of the Government
for relief, rehabilitation, and subsistence homesteads.
(4) The problem of marketing to lower distributing costs for the benefit of
consumers.
(5) The Commission shall, as soon as reasonably possible after its appointment,
investigate the necessity for the control of production of bituminous coal
and methods of such control, including allotment of output to districts and
producers within such districts, and shall hold hearings thereon, and shall report
its conclusions and recommendations to the Secretary of the Interior for transmission
by him to Congress not later than January 6, 1936.
The work of the Commission in the immediate future will be limited
to the consummation of the studies required under section 16 of
the act and to the continued representation of the bituminous coal
industry before the Interstate Commerce Commission as provided
under section 18 of the act. By a decision of the Comptroller General
of the United States, dated May 25, 1936 (A-75704), it was held
that these sections of the act were in nowise impaired by the decision
of the Supreme Court invalidating certain provisions of the statute.
At no time has the staff of the Commission reached the quota anticipated
due to the fact that numerous court actions directed by
producers against the collection of the tax provided for in section 3
of the act and the injunctions granted by the courts in many of these
cases seriously impeded the work of the Commission, and also because
it was not until February 11, 1936, that the bill appropriating
funds for the use of the Commission was passed by Congress. Prior
to that time the Commission operated with a skeleton organization
borrowed from the National Recovery Administration. Following
the decision of the Supreme Court the staff of the Commission has
been reduced to the number necessary for completion of the various
studies being conducted.
The Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 was the first Federal
statute enacted to regulate a major natural resource industry by
44 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
the establishment and enforcement of minimum prices, and although,
the injunctions obtained by various producers and the decision of the
Supreme Court invalidating its price provisions made the act inoperative
to a large extent, nevertheless the work of the Commission and
the data compiled as to conditions in the industry will prove of
definite value in determining upon a regulatory program within the
constitutional limitations upon the power of Congress to deal with
the broad subject of conservation of natural resources and regulation
of natural resource industries.
OFFICE OF EXHIBITS
G. C. Dic ken s , Supervisor
Government participation through exhibits in State, national, and
international expositions and at numerous scientific and otherwise
educational conventions has become an established policy. One
important function of all Government departments and independent
establishments should be to acquaint the general public insofar as
possible with the many and varied activities being carried on by
them, and to inform the public of the services rendered by each
department and establishment.
Experience has proved that one of the best methods by which
the public may be made acquainted with the activities and services
of the Government is provided by participation in expositions and
the other gatherings above described. In carrying on this work
the use of motion pictures, animated dioramas and models, stereopticon
slides and colored transparencies, and murals has proved to be
highly successful and adaptable. Further, in making presentations
relating to our island and territorial possessions, and the American
Indian, experience has developed that the display and use of native
handicraft is both desirable and important.
In the past, with exception of one Government department, there
has been no organized effort throughout the various Government
departments and establishments to plan, coordinate, and supervise
the activities of the various bureaus, divisions, and offices in each
department and establishment in connection with Government participation
in expositions. Such participation having become an
established policy, however, as indicated above, and expositions having
become so regular and frequent, it has been deemed advisable
by several of the Government departments to establish an exhibits
office to plan, coordinate, and supervise the exhibits and displays
which will portray the work of the bureaus in each of the departments
and establishments. With the appointment of a supervisor
of exhibits by the Secretary of the Interior under date of February
1, 1936, an Office of Exhibits under the Secretary’s office was
established, and the official referred to has supervision over the
Department’s exhibits at the California Pacific International Exposition,
the Texas Centennial Exposition, and the Great Lakes
Exposition. Further, the Office of Exhibits, through its diorama
45
46 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
and model studio, is constantly at work preparing additional and
new exhibit material, and is already making preliminary and tentative
plans relating to the forthcoming San Francisco and New York
expositions.
Further, for distribution from Washington and at the Department’s
exhibits at various expositions the Office of Exhibits during
the past few months, with the valuable assistance of the various
bureaus within the Department, and the assistance as well of the
Public Works Administration and the National Resources Committee,
compiled a booklet entitled “Back of the Buffalo Seal”,
which contains printed matter and pictures descriptive of the work
of the several organizations which are under the jurisdiction of
the Secretary of the Interior.
The results obtained thus far have quite clearly demonstrated
the desirability and importance of an Office of Exhibits in the
Interior Department, and it is believed that future developments
will tend to demonstrate this fact even more conclusively.
DIVISION OF MOTION PICTURES
Fan ni ng Hea ro n , Acting Director
The Division of Motion Pictures was established on November 25,
1935, by Order No. 1005—A. This order consolidated the motion and
still picture activities and personnel of the Department, except the
cooperative production of the Bureau of Mines and the specialized
work of the Geological Survey.
The major purpose of the Division has been to provide educational
film service for C. C. C. camps under technical supervision of the
Department. This has been accomplished by production, purchase,
and distribution of suitable films.
Another important purpose of the Division has been that of producing
still and motion-picture records of the activities of the Department
and of the C. C. C. for their record value and for educational
use. The motion pictures are being used extensively by
schools and other nontheatrical institutions. Prints from still negatives
are used by newspapers, magazines, and book publishers. Enlargements
are prepared for decorative use among Government offices,
and for educational exhibits.
Other departments and bureaus have requested and received the
cooperation of the Division in the production and distribution of
motion and still pictures of their activities. This has included cooperation
with the Veterans’ Administration, Department of Commerce,
Emergency Conservation Work, Resettlement Administration, and
others.
The physical equipment of the Division includes two adjoining
photographic laboratories, an enlarging laboratory, a motion-picture
laboratory, and facilities for the proper storage, care, and distribution
of finished films and pictures. The laboratories are equipped
to accomplish all ordinary and many special requirements.
Exhibitions of motion pictures loaned by the Division during the
past year were attended by mor,e than 1,000,000 persons in C. C. C.
camps, schools, colleges, and other institutions. Untold millions saw
still pictures of the national parks, reclamation projects, and Indian
activities. Enlargements and special exhibits of photographs have
been on display throughout the United States. There have been
many more requests for films, slides, and photographs than could
be accommodated.
98234—36—5 m
48 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
The Division is well organized and efficiently equipped to take
an important part in that vital program which the Federal Government
is approaching effectively—that of keeping the people intelligently
and impartially informed of its far-flung activities.
THE ADVISER ON NEGRO AFFAIRS
Robe rt C. Wea ve r , Adviser
The activities of the office of the Adviser on Negro Affairs may
be divided into two groups: Those matters which concern the Department
of the Interior and the Public Works Administration: and
those things which are outside the direct province of the Department
of the Interior and the Public Works Administration.
This office has watched constantly the employment of Negro skilled
and unskilled labor on Public Works Administration projects^ In
this connection it suggested, and had approved, at the initiation of
the program of the Housing Division a nondiscrimination clause
which establishes prima facie evidence of discrimination. It has
cooperated with the Labor Department in effecting negotiations with
local union officials, and has investigated local labor conditions so as
to determine the availability of qualified Negro workers. During
the last year, 10 Public Works Administration housing projects
have been submitting monthly reports to the Adviser on Negro Affairs
relative to the operation of this clause. To date four projects
are practically completed, and in each instance the compliance with
the nondiscrimination clause has been obtained. In this work the
cooperation of the Inspection Division and the Labor Relations Division
of the Public Works Administration has been most helpful.
On the basis of past experience, the clause based on prima facie
evidence of discrimination has proven to be a successful means of
protecting Negro labor on Federal projects.
In addition to the work in relation to labor policy and practices
on housing projects, the Adviser on Negro Affairs has kept in touch
with the Housing Division and has cooperated with that division
in handling matters of policy in relation to plans for the management
of low-rent housing projects. He and his staff have visited these
projects when the need has arisen, and have kept abreast of developments
in connection with the housing program of the Public Works
Administration. On general Public Works Administration projects
the office of the Adviser on Negro Affairs has supplemented and
cooperated with the work of the Labor Relations Division of the
Public Works Administration in an effort to prevent and correct
discrimination against Negro labor. This office has gathered data
relative to Public Works Administration projects designed for Negro
49
50 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
occupancy or use, and has disseminated this information when
requests have been received.
In January of 1936 the Works Progress Administration granted
■an allotment to the Adviser on Negro Affairs for the initiation of
a white-collar survey among Negroes. This allotment provided for
the expenditure of $467,042, to be used for a survey of the training
and employment of Negro white-collar and skilled workers. This
»office was sponsor for the project, and the Adviser on Negro Affairs
is the administrator of the survey. The survey operated in 87 cities
in 30 States and the District of Columbia. All field work has been
completed. Editing, coding, and tabulation will be conducted in
New York City and Nashville, Tenn. At the peak of production
the survey gave employment to 1,899 workers. Of this number 315
were nonrelief, and 1,584 were relief. At the request of local Works
Progress Administration administrators and of workers formerly
connected with this survey, the office of the Adviser on Negro Affairs
is planning to submit additional surveys which will be sponsored by
this office, and will give employment to workers who have not yet
been absorbed in the white-collar projects of the Works Progress
Administration.
In the fall of 1935, at the request of the Tennessee Valley Authority,
the Adviser on Negro Affairs made a survey of the Tennessee
Valley Authority. This study concerned itself with the program
of the Tennessee Valley Authority and its relation to the Negro community
and the Negro farmer. It also made specific recommendations
relative to housing, employment, and classification of Negro
workers attached to the Tennessee Valley Authority.
The Adviser on Negro Affairs has interested himself in the promotion
of qualified Negro employees in the Public Works Administration
and the Department of the Interior. He conducted recently
a survey of the employment status of Negroes in these departments
in an effort to advise more effectively in this connection. In instances
where complaints of discriminatory practices have been
voiced, the office of the Adviser on Negro Affairs has stimulated
investigations and reviewed corrective measures undertaken.
In March of 1936 the Associate Adviser on Negro Affairs investigated
charges of discrimination on the Coulee Dam Project. As
result of his trip and negotiations, Negroes have been employed on
that project. In spite of the fact that the dam is located in an
area in which few Negroes reside and labor is being taken from
persons living in areas contiguous to the project, there has been
a steady increase in the number of Negro workmen employed on the
project since the initial employment of a Negro laborer was made
as result of the activities of this office.
THE ADVISER ON NEGRO AFFAIRS 51
The Adviser on Negro Affairs has maintained his contacts with
other governmental agencies and has submitted memoranda, surgestions,
and advice to these agencies in response to their requests. He
has prepared speeches and articles relating to the impact of the
program of the Public Works Administration upon Negroes and.
has cooperated with the United States Information Service in answering
a hundred or more requests relative to various phases of the
Negro’s economic, educational, and social status in this country.
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
Joh n C. Pag e , Acting Commissioner
Dwindling revenues have emphasized the necessity for increasing
the number of] sources from which flow the funds for reclamation.
In 1902, when Federal responsibility toward the arid and semiarid
western public land States was recognized with the enactment of
the Reclamation Act, the sale of public lands constituted an important
source of revenue. Funds from this source were relied upon to make
the then new reclamation policy effective.
Today the situation is entirely altered. Salable public lands have
been exhausted. The remaining public domain has been withdrawn,
and a new policy has been established with regard to it. Nearly all
of it has been set aside as a permanent public range to be administered
by the Federal Government and conserved for perpetual use by the
people. This was a logical step, long overdue, but now that it has
been taken it focuses sharply the imperative need for the discovery of
new sources of revenue to the reclamation fund.
Revenues to the reclamation fund from the sale of public lands
have dropped from $9,430,573.98 in 1908 to $154,567.65 this year.
During this long period of diminishing revenue from this source,
Congress has recognized the need for added sources of revenue to the
reclamation fund. A very valuable addition was made by the Oil
Leasing Act of February 25, 1920. Royalties received from the exploitation
of oil on the public domain in 1924, added $6,693,908.15 to
the reclamation fund. This year only $2,053,152.48 was received due
to effective application of an oil conservation policy. Thus, the one
important supplementary revenue to the reclamation fund is seen
to be diminishing.
The only revenue to the reclamation fund which can be called
stable at this time is that received from repayment of project construction
costs by those benefiting. A moratorium granted and extended
by Congress has postponed or curtailed these repayments for
a space of 6 years. Even with the resumption of the annual repayments
in full, and this resumption is an immediate prospect, revenues
to the reclamation fund will be insufficient due to the vanishing
receipts from other sources, to uphold the long-recognized responsibility
of the Federal Government toward these arid and semiarid
public land States. There can be no overemphasis of the immediate
urgency of the requirement for augmented revenues to the reclamation
fund.
53
54 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
WORTH OF POLICY PROVED
The value of the Federal reclamation policy in knitting together
the western third of the Nation, in sustaining the people and in
stabilizing the agriculture of the far western States, in moderating
the effects of droughts and similar disasters has been demonstrated
repeatedly in recent years. The 1935 crop season was one of about
normal precipitation throughout the West. It followed an acute
drought of the previous year, and preceded what appeared to be
(at the end of the 1936 fiscal year) another drought of great severity.
There was sufficient water for all Federal reclamation projects in
1935, just as there had been during the drought of 1934, and prospects
for the 1936 irrigation season, despite the threatened drought,
were good. Federal projects are prosperous. Only two projects
went into the 1936 season with low reservoirs, and the visible stored
water supplies for these was sufficient to eliminate the possibility of
serious losses.
CONSERVATION OF SMALL STREAMS
The time has arrived when serious consideration must be given to
an additional conservation activity in the arid and semiarid west;
namely the control of the floods of small streams and the preservation
of their waters for beneficial use. The extended period of deficient
rainfall, now 7 years long, has emphasized the importance of this
work. Failure to control and to use this resource is an offense
against the theory of conservation as well as an economic loss. State
authorities have investigated possibilities presented by their small
waters. They have reported finding several hundreds of opportunities
for construction of small reservoirs costing from $5,000 to
$50,000 and serving from a few hundred to a few thousand acres.
If this work is to be fitted into the national plan for control of
floods, regulation of streams and beneficial use of water supplies, the
Bureau of Reclamation logically must be the agent through which
this is effected. Investigation should be made by the Bureau to
determine the extent of these opportunities and the feasibility of
projects on small streams. Standard designs should be made for
structures suitable for these small developments, and standard plans
mapped out for construction of these projects.
IMPROVED CONDITIONS OF FEDERAL PROJECTS
The Operation and Maintenance Division, newly organized, assisted
materially during the year in establishing closer contacts with
the operating projects and creation of a better attitude on the part
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION 55
of water users. Federal projects generally were in an improved
condition as a result of increased settlement. Irrigated farms attracted
many from among those who were looking for new opportunities
as a result of general improvement in the agricultural outlook
and those who previously were dry farmers but who were dislodged
by the drought of 1934. On the Owyhee project in Oregon
107 public land farm units were offered. In addition, 27 were offered
on the Vale project in the same State and 28 on the Sun River project
in Montana. Settlement proceeded quite satisfactorily.
CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM GOES FORWARD
The great construction program of the Bureau of Reclamation
went forward expeditiously throughout the year. Three storage
dams, begun since emergency funds first were made available, were
completed and put in service. They are the Rye Patch Dam of the
Humboldt project, the Hyrum Dam of the Hyrum project, and the
Agency Valley Dam of the Vale project. These dams already are
stabilizing important communities in the States of Nevada, Utah,
and Oregon, respectively.
LAKE MEAD
The death of Dr. Elwood Mead, for more than a decade Commissioner
of Reclamation, on January 26, 1936, was a severe loss to the
Bureau of Reclamation and the country. To commemorate his fine,
long service to the West he loved, the Division of Geographic Names
gave the name Lake Mead to the great body of water created by
Boulder Dam on the Colorado River. This lake, already the largest
artificial lake in the world, grew steadily larger throughout the year,
until it reached a length of 91 miles at the close of the fiscal year.
At capacity it will be 115 miles long.
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES DURING FISCAL YEAR
During the fiscal year, an extensive construction program was
prosecuted with funds remaining from the Public Works allotments
and with additional funds allocated by the Emergency Relief Administration.
There were constructed 160.2 miles of roads, 1.6 miles
of railroad, 55.3 miles of transmission lines, 523.1 miles of canals
and drains, 40 tunnels with a total length of 46,022 feet, 4,875 canal
structures, 192 bridges, and 630 culverts. There were excavated
46,107,497 cubic yards of earth and rock, making the total to date
402,317,184 cubic yards. The Bureau used 1,159,958 barrels of
cement and placed 890,959 cubic yards of concrete. Construction of
56 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
five storage dams and one diversion dam was started. The Denver
office organization exceeded 800 employees for the increased activities
and a continuation of the design and specification work for the
Tennessee Valley Authority.
Boulder Dam was accepted as complete from the Six Companies,
Inc., March 1, and the work under the contract with Babcock &
Wilcox is still in progress. Installation of electrical equipment and
machinery in the power-house has been continued throughout the
year with Government forces. Storage in Lake Mead reached a
maximum of 8,978,000 acre feet on June 30.
Construction work on the Columbia Basin project, Washington,
has been the major undertaking during the year. The principal
contractors, Mason-Walsh-Atkinson-Kier, have excavated 6,272,100
cubic yards of earth and rock by means of the belt-conveyor system,
and have completed the aggregate and cement storage and concrete
mixing plants. In the west abutment section, which rises more than
90 feet above bedrock, 625,000 cubic yards of concrete have been
placed.
The Columbia River highway bridge, including realinement and
enlargement of the pier due to movement of the east river bank,
has been completed. Dormitories, residences, a garage, and fire
station have been constructed, and sidewalks and street paving have
been completed in the Government camp site.
Construction is under way on the Casper-Alcova project,
Wyoming. W. E. Callahan and Gunther & Shirley were awarded
the contracts for construction of tunnels nos. 3, 4, 5, and 6 and
Alcova Dam. Seminoe Dam is being constructed by the Winston
Bros., Morrison-Knudsen, and Utah Construction Cos., under a
$2,759,804 contract. Schedules 1, 2, and 3, covering earthwork,
tunnels, and structures of the Casper Canal, have been completed.
Government buildings at Seminoe Dam site and residences at both
the Alcova and Seminoe sites are under construction by Dutlox, Kendall
& Hunt, Inc., of Denver, Colo.
During the year, 28,500,000 cubic yards have been excavated, which
totals 39,678,000 cubic yards to date on the All-American Canal.
Work has been continued by the W. E. Callahan and Gunther &
Shirley Cos. and by Lewis Chambers Co., and Mittry Bros.,
on their contracts, which were started in July 1935. The Morrison-
Knudsen, Utah Construction Co., and Winston Bros, are constructing
the Imperial Dam and desilting works under a contract amounting
to $4,374,240 and the concrete aggregates for the structures are
being prepared by the Triangle Rock & Gravel Co. and Charles
Holmes, who were awarded a contract on their bid of $149,900.
BUREAU OE RECLAMATION 57
The Malheur River and Dead Ox siphons have been completed on
the Owyhee project by Parker-Schram, Consolidated Steel Corporation,
and J. A. Terteling & Sons, and numerous contracts have been
in force for earthwork and structures for both the north and south
canals and laterals. Principal contractors have been Morrison-
Knudsen Co., who held three contracts totaling $236,294; J. A.
Terteling & Sons, whose seven contracts amounted to $112,407; and
George B. Henley, whose seven contracts totaled $62,675.
On the Carlsbad project, New Mexico, work was started on the
construction of the Alamogordo Dam, a 135-foot earth-fill structure
across the Pecos River in De Baca County, which will store 115,000
acre-feet of water for the irrigation of lands in the vicinity of
Carlsbad. The contractor on the dam is the Hallet Construction
Co., of Crosby, Minn., and the contract price is $1,132,547. The contract
was 15 percent complete at the end of the year.
Construction of the Island Park Dam, an 85-foot earth-fill dam,
was started on the Upper Snake River Storage project, Idaho, to
form a reservoir on Henrys Fork with a capacity of 114,000 acre-feet.
The contract, awarded to the Max J. Kuney Co. of Spokane on its
bid of $478,838, was 14 percent complete at the end of the year.
Reservoir cleaning is being done by the Nevada Construction Co., of
Nevada, Mo., for $66,890.
In Wyoming work was started on the Bull Lake Dam, a 75-foot
earth-fill structure, to store 155,000 acre-feet of water for the Riverton
project. The contract, which was awarded to the S. J. Groves & Sons
Co. of Minneapolis at a price of $653,398, was 7 percent complete at
the end of the year. Work was also under way on the distribution
system for 35,000 acres of land on the Heart Mountain division of
the Shoshone project. A contract for the construction of three tunnels
on the Shoshone Canyon conduit was awarded to the Utah Construction
Co. of Ogden, Utah, at a price of $614,510, on which the
work was 18 percent completed.
Contracts were awarded for the construction of Caballo Dam on
the Rio Grande project, New Mexico, and of the Unity Dam on the
Burnt River project, Oregon. The successful bidder on Caballo was
Mittry Bros. Construction Co. of Los Angeles, and on Unity it was
J. A. Terteling & Sons of Boise. The bid prices were $957,018 and
$273,989, respectively. Work had not been started on either at the
end of the year.
In Arizona major work was started on two projects. Work was
inaugurated on the Gila Valley project with the beginning of construction
on the main canal by Boyce & Igo, of Baton Rouge, under
a $273,600 contract, and by Mittry Bros. Construction Co., of Los
Angeles, under a $681,575 contract. On the Salt River project im58
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
provement work on two dams was started. The Allied Bridge &
Construction Co. of Omaha and the Central Bridge & Construction
Co. of Wahoo, Nebr., are making alterations on the spillway of
Stewart Mountain Dam for a price of $150,724, and Dan Teeters &
Co. of Garnet, Calif., are making spillway alterations at Roosevelt
Dam for $53,930.
Major work on canals and laterals was started during the year on
several other projects. On the Payette division of the Boise project,
J. A. Terteling & Sons of Boise has a $292,415 contract for tunnel
construction. On the Roza division of the Yakima project, Washington,
the Morrison-Knudsen Co. has a $993,840 contract for tunnel
construction, and J. A. Terteling & Sons has a $275,213 canal construction
contract. J. A. Terteling & Sons has a $424,978 contract
for canal construction on the Ogden River project, Utah. On the
Sun River project, Montana, Martin Wunderlich of Jefferson City,
Mo., completed a contract for canal construction, which he was
awarded on a bid of $211,085. In addition, construction of laterals
was started by T. G. Rowland of Salt Lake City, Utah, and by Rue
Bros., of Bismarck, N. Dak., on contracts of $43,531 and $78,882,
respectively.
Improvements were started on the Arrowrock Dam on the Boise
project and the Kachess Dam on the Yakima project. The Arrowrock
Dam is being raised 5 feet by T. E. Connolly of San Francisco,
for a contract price of $395,040. At Kachess, John Klug, of Nyssa,
Oreg., is constructing a spillway on a contract awarded at a bid
price of $48,778.
Three dams in addition to Boulder were completed during the
year. The 75-foot earth fill Rye Patch Dam on the Humboldt
project, Nevada, was completed in June. Agency Valley Dam, a
93-foot earth fill structure on the Vale project, Oregon, was completed
in December 1935. The contract for the construction of the
90-foot earth fill Hyrum Dam on the Hyrum project, Utah, was
completed in August 1935.
In addition to Grand Coulee there were four dams still under
construction at the end of the year on which work had been started
previously. Work on Parker Dam, which is being constructed for
the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, was under
suspension at the beginning of the year but was resumed in October,
and by the end of the year the contract was about 25 percent complete.
In Utah, work was carried on throughout the year at the Pine
View Dam on the Ogden River project but, owing to the heavy
snow, work was suspended for several weeks during the early spring
on the Moon Lake Dam of the Moon Lake project. Work on the
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION 59
Taylor Park Dam on the Uncompahgre project, Colorado, was suspended
for several months during the winter because of snow, but
was resumed in the spring and by the end of the year the contract
was 26 percent complete.
In addition to the larger contracts enumerated, the Bureau had
under way during the year construction work incidental to the major
construction jobs. The work of completing the Hamilton Dam on
the Colorado River in Texas was turned over to the Lower Colorado
River Authority at the end of the year.
STATISTICAL DATA
The area irrigated in 1935 with water from Government works was
2,935,616 acres, an increase of 98,411 acres over that for 1934.
The area cropped was 2,861,136 acres, an increase of 104,438 acres.
The total value of crops was $106,781,294, an increase of $5,837,580
compared with 1934 and of $22,589,561 compared with 1933.
Construction payments in cash and credits from power and other
sources received during the fiscal year 1936 were $399,372.09, a decrease
of $275,200 compared with the previous year.
Payments for operation and maintenance were $996,115.12, a decrease
from the previous year of $82,780.92.
Total payments amounted to $1,395,487.21 compared with $1,753,-
468.13 in 1935, a decrease of $357,980.92. Income to the reclamation
fund from all sources during the fiscal year was $4,838,211.47, or
$322,200.12 more than for the previous year.
The operation and maintenance expense for the year was $1,204,-
053.44, an increase over the previous year of $72,005.78.
Excess of operation and maintenance cost over receipts for the
year amounted to $207,938.32, compared with an excess of cost ovei*
receipts of $53,151.62 for the previous year.
Construction work was carried on with funds provided under the
National Industrial Recovery and Emergency Relief Acts. Operation
and maintenance of the irrigation, drainage, and power systems
was carried on with direct appropriations from the reclamation fund,
money advanced by the water users organizations, and revenues from
power operations.
The act of June 13, 1935, extended the provisions of previous acts
granting temporary relief to water users on irrigation projects, and
construction charges coming due for the year 1935 were not required
to be paid. This explains the reason for the small payments as given
under this heading.
60 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
CONTRACTS
During the past fiscal year the Bureau entered into a total of
4,455 contracts, their nature and the amounts involved being summarized
as follows:
Nature of contract Number of
contracts
Amount
involved
Cooperative investigations.................... ........
Supplies...--------- -------- --------- ----------------
Material---------------------- ------------------------
Equipment__________.---------------------------
Miscellaneous services----------------------------
Construction work--------------------------------
Land purchases, including improvements..
Land sales, including improvements--------
Leases to the United States--------------------
Leases from the United States------ .......
Compromise of damages-------------------------
Rental of Government equipment-----------
Rental of water----------------------- --------------
Sale of surplus electrical energy---------------
Sale'of water rights to towns-------------------
Sale of water rights under the Warren Act.
Sale of water rights within projects.........—
Adjustment and relief----------------------------
Transfer of project operations---------- -------
Miscellaneous-------- ------------------------------
2
1,471
1,016
424
267
95
242
4
78
299
15
261
74
1
49
6
3
1
156
$103,000.00
1,360,980.46
10, 762,802.86
4,570,897.82
142,850.18
20, 791,895. 05
475, 718. 26
1,900.00
78, 289. 06
66, 060.55
12,000. 00
376 00
96,513.59
121, 599. 70
1,370.00
14,855. 20
25,120.82
84,432. 56
80,950. 63
4,455 1 38,791, 612. 74
i Estimated in part. SETTLEMENT
Considerable activity was marked on the Federal reclamation projects.
On the Vale and Owyhee projects, Oregon, about 1,000 acres
were sold by the Vale-Owyhee Land Settlement Board, and in addition
a number of tracts were disposed of by real-estate agents. . On
the Yakima project, Washington, numerous inquiries were received
from the drought-stricken areas, and interest in valley lands increased
perceptibly. Public land openings were held on the Shoshone
(Wyoming), Belle Fourche (South Dakota), Sun River (Montana),
Vale (Oregon), and Owyhee (Oregon-Idaho) projects. More than
10,000 acres were included in the tracts opened, and this acreage was
divided into 170 farm units, averaging in size from 5 to 160 acres.
The desire for land where irrigation assures productivity was evidenced
by the large number of farmers filing application at these
openings.
EMERGENCY CONSERVATION WORK
The drought of 1934 was responsible for the first allocation of
C. C. C. camps to the Bureau of Reclamation for the purpose of
improving the conservation of water supplies in the irrigated lands
in the semiarid West. During that summer, an average of only three
camps were so employed, which was increased to an average of nine
camps during the summer of 1935. The fiscal year 1936 witnessed
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION 61
the fourfold expansion to an average of 35 camps located on 23
reclamation projects in 14 western States.
Accomplishments by E. C. W. camps on the reclamation projects
enhance the security of the United States in those projects and tend
to assure the return of the money advanced by the Government for
reclamation and associated developments. Regulated relief in distressed
areas and conservation work of a highly beneficial nature in
•the protection and utilization of water supplies and natural resources
are simultaneously provided through Emergency Conservation Work.
Major items of accomplishment completed to June 30 in the approximately
2 years since the first E. C. W. camps began field operations
on the reclamation projects are as follows:
Earthwork for irrigation dams-----------------------------cubic yards— 352,062
Clearing and cleaning of irrigation channels______ square yards_ 21, 054, 514
Clearing of irrigation reservoir areas___________________ acres— 1,898
Concrete lining of irrigation canals______________square yards_ 145,474
Earth excavation for irrigation channels, canals, and ditches
cubic yards_ 771, 050
Irrigation water control structures, other than dams____________ 2,076
Rodent control along canal banks and on irrigated lands___ acres— 509, 500
GILA VALLEY PROJECT, ARIZONA
Actual construction of the Gila Valley project began June 1,
1936, under contract with Mittry Bros. Construction Co., which calls
for 243,000 cubic yards of canal excavation and 92,500 cubic yards
of tunnel excavation. Boyce & Igo, awarded a contract covering
3,200,000 cubic yards of canal excavation, were ready to start actual
operations at the close of the fiscal year. These two contracts involve
$955,175 of the $1,800,000 allocated from Emergency Relief
funds. The construction of headworks and desilting basins are included
in the contract with the Utah Construction Co., Winston
Bros. Co., and Morrison-Knudsen Co., Inc., for construction of Imperial
Dam. The total estimated cost of the first unit of the
project is $20,500,000. Designs are now being prepared for the
Gila River siphon and other structures between Imperial Dam and
the' pumping plant near Blaisdell.
SALT RIVER PROJECT, ARIZONA
Gross returns from crops were $18,639,000, which is $2,000,000
more than last year, and nearly midway between the low yield of
$9,700,000 in 1932 and the high yield of $26,000,000 in 1928. Crop
receipts increased 12 percent, bank deposits 46 percent, and Phoenix
building permits 300 percent over last year. Water supply is promising,
and employment, wages, food and commodity prices have in62
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
creased. Water in storage June 30 was 694,000 acre-feet. Large
quantities of pumped water are being used. The gross power revenue
was $50,000 over last year, but necessity to use more steam power
made the net revenue $50,000 less. Work is progressing on the
$6,000,000 Bureau program for building the Bartlett Dam on the
Verde River and making improvements on the Salt River dams.
Normal project operations are being carried out on a. cash basis and
work is in progress on the plan to refinance the bonded indebtedness.
ALL-AMERICAN CANAL PROJECT, ARIZONACALIFORNIA
The estimated cost of the All-American Canal system is $38,500,000,
of which $20,150,000 had been allotted by the end of the fiscal year.
Construction contracts awarded during the year totaled $6,006,563.11.
The largest of these was for the construction of Imperial Dam and
desilting works at contract price of $4,374,240.60. Canal excavation
by Government forces was completed, 1,767,658 cubic yards of excavation
having been moved during the year at a field cost of $312,-
776.31. Of the entire 80 miles of All-American Canal now under
construction, 45.5 miles have been completed, approximately 30,478,000
cubic yards of material excavated, and 11,300 cubic yards of concrete
poured. A camp for Government employees was built near
Imperial dam site. Other completed works include a 33,000-volt
transmission line from the Siphon Drop power plant on the Yuma
project to Imperial Dam and an oil-treated construction road from
Laguna Dam to Imperial Dam. Excavation is in progress on the
entire length of the canal. Designs and specifications for the many
structures required along the canal line including bridges, crossings
over the Alamo and New Rivers, Pilot Knob wasteway, checks, drops,
turnouts, etc., are being prepared, and advertisement for these structures
will be issued as rapidly as possible.
YUMA PROJECT, ARIZONA-CALIFORNIA
While crop values declined slightly during 1935, economic improvement
was reflected by an increase exceeding 50 percent in local
bank deposits. Values of livestock, motor vehicles, and farm equipment
also showed substantial gains. Prices for farm commodities
were in general .remunerative and the year was a successful one for
project farmers.
Three loca cooperative marketing organizations were successfully
engaged in marketing citrus, alfalfa (hay and seed), and cotton.
Credit was available through six agencies, one of which is Federal,
one cooperative, and four private.
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION 63.
Under terms of contract dated February 5,1931, regarding advance
payment of operation and maintenance, the Yuma County Water
Users’ Association had paid on July 1, 1936, some $43,000 over the
sum then due. Outstanding operation and maintenance charges at
the close of June 30,1936, on the reservation division and the auxiliary
project were the lowest for a number of years.
BOULDER CANYON PROJECT, ARIZONA-NEVADA
Construction was completed for practically all the project’s major
features. The working forces were reduced gradually from 3,331
to 1,505.
Work was completed by Six Companies and was accepted by the
Government on February 29. The Bureau took over the contractor’s
plant and equipment for use without charge until October 1 in the
completion of plugs in tunnels 1, 2, and 3, switchyards, structures^
and installation of powerhouse equipment.
The dam was practically completed, automatic elevators were installed
in the Arizona and Nevada shafts, and installation of terrazzofloors
in utility and elevator tower lobbies was in progress on
June 30.
All work was completed on spillways and intake towers. Pouring
of concrete anchors, piers, and thrust blocks was finished in
all penstock headers, penstocks, and outlet tunnels. Excavation of
the powerhouse highway tunnel adits to the stoney gates and thetrail
to the Arizona stoney gate was completed in October and
placing of concrete lining was finished in May 1936. The first concrete
for the downstream plugs in tunnels 2 and 3 was poured in
the plug in tunnel 2 on August 21, 1935, and this plug was practically
completed on June 30, 1936. Installation of emergency gates
in the plug in tunnel 2 was in progress. Slide gates in the plug
in tunnel 1 were permanently closed on May 1. In June, pouring
of the remaining section of the plug in tunnel 1 was in progress.
Construction of the canyon wall valve house and installation of gates
and needle valves was completed. Elevators to the valve houses
were installed by the contractors.
Construction of the powerhouse building and the Los Angeles
switchyard was practically completed. Work was in progress on
the Southern Sierras yard. The Arizona extension of the Black
Canyon highway was finished and opened to traffic. Installation of
power plant machinery by Government forces was in progress
throughout the year.
On June 30 the turbine and relief valve scroll cases for unit N-l
were ready for concrete backfill; unit N-2, including lubrication
system and governor system, was about 75 percent completed; unit
98234—36------ 6
64 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
N-3 was being prepared for pressure test, and unit N-4 was ready
for turbine runner installation. The turbine for unit A-8 was approximately
90 percent installed. Installation of the station service
unit and penstock was practically completed.
The generator stator and housing for unit N-2 was set in place
and installation of the split or parting coils in the stator was in
progress. Erection of rotors for units N-l to N-4, inclusive, and
A-8 and stators for units N-l, N-3, and N-4 and A-8 was completed
and ready for placing in final position. Installation of generator
voltage oil circuit breakers in units N-l to N-4, inclusive, and A-8,
respectively, and the 23,000-volt bus structure at elevation 663 in
units N-l to N-4, inclusive, was completed. Erection of transformers
was completed and the transformers were placed in permanent
position. Installation of practically all of the control equipment
was in progress.
The Babcock & Wilcox Co. completed erection of penstock and outlet
plate-steel pipes. All systems except the upper Arizona penstock
were successfully tested and preparations were under way at the
end of the fiscal year to test this pipe.
At the end of the fiscal year the reservoir was approximately 95
miles long, contained 8,978,000 acre-feet of water, covered an area
of approximately 62,450 acres, and its water surface elevation was
1,015.50, 120.5 feet above the lower gate sills of the intake towers.
The flow at Grand Canyon was 26,300 cubic feet per second on June
30, and the outflow through the plug gates 11,600 cubic feet per
second. On February 10, the lower cylindrical gate of the Arizona
downstream intake tower was opened allowing the upper Arizona
penstock system to be filled, after which the needle valve farthest
downstream in the Arizona valve house was opened letting the first
regular flow through the penstock system and canyon wall outlet
works. The upper Arizona system was closed on June 10 and the
upper Nevada system put in operation for the first time.
CENTRAL VALLEY PROJECT, CALIFORNIA
A project headquarters was established at Sacramento, in October
1935, followed by the location of divisional offices at Kennett, Friant,
and Antioch. Cooperatively, the State water project authority is
negotiating for water and rights-of-way contracts, and assisting in
hydraulic studies, the General Land Office is making resurveys, and
the United States Division of Investigations is appraising mining
properties. On the Kennett division the Bureau has completed relocation
surveys for 30 miles of railroad; surveys of four alternative
dam sites—Kennett, Keswick, Baird, and Table Mountain. Exploratory
work is 50 percent complete on Kennett dam site. Surveys
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION 65
have been completed of Friant dam site, for Government camp sites,
and for 37 miles of the two main canals. Exploratory work is 75
percent completed at Friant dam site. On the Contra Costa division,
preliminary surveys for 30 miles of main canal have been completed.
ORLAND PROJECT, CALIFORNIA
The irrigated acreage in 193'5 remained practically the same as for
the two previous seasons but the per acre crop value, $26.05, was $7
less than for the year 1934. This loss was offset by the higher prices
received for butterfat and whole milk. Since dairying is one of the
project’s major activities, there was a noticeable improvement in
economic conditions as a whole. The supply of water was not only
ample but there was a carry-over of 30,000 acre feet at the end of the
season.
PARKER DAM PROJECT, CALIFORNIA
Parker Dam, under construction on the Colorado River with
funds contributed by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern
California, will serve as the diversion structure for the district’s
aqueduct. Work was resumed on October 15, 1935, following the
approval on August 30, 1935, of the rivers and harbors bill. Work
completed included the excavating and timbering of two 29-foot
horseshoe shaped diversion tunnels in the Arizona abutment having
a combined length of 3,465.92 feet, and the rough grading of the
permanent access road to the dam on the California side. The construction
contract as a whole was about 25 percent completed at the
close of the fiscal year.
GRAND VALLEY PROJECT, COLORADO
In the 1935 season 16,185 acres were irrigated on 512 farms. The
average crop value per acre was $29.05, which was $8.30 less than
for the previous year, the decrease being attributed largely to the
reduction in the price of beans. Beans and alfalfa were the principal
crops, with smaller acreages of sugar beets, corn, oats, potatoes,
tomatoes, and wheat.
The operation and maintenance charges were continued at $1.40 per
acre. The beet-sugar factory at Grand Junction was not operated
on account of the small acreage. The Colorado Potato and Bean
Growers’ Association functioned well during the year, and handled
a large part of these crops for project farmers.
The local farmers are working a gradual recovery from the depression.
An ample supply of wafer was available from the Colorado
River for all needs.
66 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
PINE RIVER PROJECT, COLORADO
This project is located in La Plata County in the southwestern
part of Colorado in the San Juan Basin. It embraces about 56,000
acres of irrigable land and involves the construction of a storage
reservoir of about 65,000 acre-feet capacity. The estimated cost of
the project is about $3,000,000.
An item of $1,000,000 was included in the Interior Department
appropriation bill approved June 22, 1936, for commencing construction
of the project.
UNCOMPAHGRE PROJECT, COLORADO
During the irrigation season of 1935, 1,609 farms were irrigated,
770 by owners, and the average crop value was $23.39 an acre, an
increase of $1.45 per acre over the previous year. The sugar factory
at Delta handled all beets raised on the project, and most of the
potatoes and onions were marketed through cooperatives. Three
cooperative gasoline stations did a thriving business. The $325,000
rehabilitation program started in October 1934, involving repairs
to or replacement of canal lining and replacement of numerous
canal structures, was prosecuted with a large force during the winter.
The program will be completed early in 1937.
Taylor Park Dam and Reservoir is being constructed on the Taylor
River, 32 miles northeast of Gunnison, Colo. When completed the
reservoir will store 106,230 acre-feet of water to supplement the
natural flow rights of the project water users from the Gunnison
River.
BOISE PROJECT, IDAHO
Under an allotment of $600,000 by the Emergency Relief Administration,
contract was let in January for raising Arrowrock storage
dam and repairing downstream face and spillway. Work was retarded
in the spring by a high flood discharge in the river, but it
was well under way at the end of the year. The distribution system
of the Arrowrock division was in charge of the water users’ board
of control and the Government controlled the storage and diversion
works and power plant. Crop yields and values showed a material
increase over the preceding year on account of a less deficient water
supply and the choice of new and more profitable crops. The division
is fully settled. With an Emergency Relief Administration allotment
of $1,000,000 construction of the Black Canyon Canal for the
Payette division was begun. Four tunnels were under construction
and additional tunnels, canals, and other structures were ready for
advertisement. Settlement of the Payette division lands will be
delayed until the main canal is completed.
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION 67
Operation and maintenance of the Deadwood Reservoir and Black
Canyon Dam, power plant, and pumping plant was carried on by
Government forces.
MINIDOKA PROJECT, IDAHO
The total value of crops grown in 1935 was $2,851,268. On the
gravity division 1,560 farms were irrigated and 854 on the pumping
division. About 60 percent of the farms were operated by owners
and 40 percent by tenants. Operation and maintenance charges on
both gravity and pumping divisions were well paid up. Construction
charges on the pumping division were again paid out of power
profits, while on the gravity division most of the settlers took advantage
of the moratorium permitting a postponement of one-half their
construction charges.
There was a heavy snowfall over the Upper Snake River drainage
area during the winter 1935-36 with a resultant abundant run-off.
Both Jackson Lake and American Falls Reservoirs were filled in the
spring of 1936 with a spill of some 620,000 acre-feet from American
Falls and 130,000 acre-feet from Jackson Lake. More than 713,000
acre-feet were diverted on the project in 1935, or an average of about
7 acre-feet per acre.
UPPER SNAKE RIVER PROJECT, IDAHO
Actual construction of Island Park Dam began on October 28, but
because of severe winter conditions little was accomplished until
spring. At the end of the fiscal year the work was 11 percent completed.
Diamond drilling and test pits were completed for the Grassy
Lake Dam. Plans and specifications were being prepared at the end
of the year. Final location was made of the cross cut canal and
diversion dam across Henrys Fork. These are necessary to make
water stored in Island Park Reservoir available to canals in the
district which take water out of the Teton River. Bids for this
work were opened on June 25. Investigations were in progress to
determine the feasibility of a small reservoir at Squirrel Meadows.
BITTER ROOT PROJECT, MONTANA
The Bitter Root project has 26,191.34 acres of irrigable land of
whidh an area of 16,000 is being farmed. There are 325 families,
making a project population of about 1,250 people. To supplement
the present storage water supply a feeder canal seven miles long and
designed to carry 100 second feet was constructed from an adjoining
watershed. Five thousand acre-feet were delivered to the main canal
from this source.
68 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
FRENCHTOWN PROJECT, MONTANA
There are 36 farms in the district with an average of 140 acres
per farm. Some of the larger farms will be subdivided and sold to>
new settlers. The project lands are being dry farmed. The principal
crops are small grains, which are in good condition. The work
included location surveys for the main canal and lateral system, construction
of 17 miles of main canal, and construction of 105 minor
main canal structures. Work was started on the main canal, diversion
dam, and also on the laterals. All contract work on the project
will be completed by October 31, 1936 and the system will be ready
for the 1937 irrigation season.
HUNTLEY PROJECT, MONTANA
A total of 651 farms were operated in 1935, 348 by owners and
303 by tenants.
The Wool Growers’ Association is active and markets practically
all of the lambs and wool grown on the project. During the past
year 36,000 pounds of wool and 3,000 lambs were marketed. Work
on the Anita reservoir dam, a small storage unit, with a maximum
height of 45 feet and a storage capacity of 450 acre-feet, will be
completed during the present year. Other construction consisted of
work on jetties, straightening the river channel, and building a
400-foot cribbed wing dam.
MILK RIVER PROJECT, MONTANA
Construction in progress consisted in the renewal in kind with
concrete of 60 original timber structures in the Malta and Glasgow
divisions and the completion of repairs on St. Mary canal. Operation
and maintenance of the entire system was carried on by Government
forces with funds advanced by the districts. The demand for
water was heavy but no shortage occurred. The area irrigated
exceeded that of any previous year. Although the 1936 irrigation
season was dry and the demand for water exceeded the supply, crops
were fair and good prices were anticipated. Investigations of the
proposed Fresno dam site were completed.
SUN RIVER PROJECT, MONTANA
The crop program followed since 1929 of changing the large grain
acreage to alfalfa, sweetclover, forage, and cultivated crops was
continued during 1935 and early 1936. Good progress was made
with 7,500 acres of seed peas and a general increase in soil-building
crops. The water supply continued good. The weather was unBUREAU
OF RECLAMATION 69
usually dry and windy. The planting of shelterbelts and control
of noxious weeds continued. The Fort Shaw and Greenfields irrigation
districts continued to operate the completed work successfully.
Progress on extensions to lateral system, drainage, and canal improvements
was made with N. I. R. A. and E. R. A. funds. Eighteen
miles of drain were completed; Pishkun Canal and 10 miles of Sun
River slope canal were greatly improved. Fifty-five miles of laterals
and structures on the East Greenfields bench under contract were
about 70 percent complete. Contract on Mill Coulee wasteway and
8 miles of laterals northwest of Fairfield, and 15 miles of lateral
Sun River slope division were about 50 percent complete.
LOWER YELLOWSTONE PROJECT, MONTANA-NORTH
DAKOTA
The lower Yellowstone project, which is being operated and maintained
by the board of control under district contracts with the
Bureau, is situated on the west side of the Yellowstone River in
eastern Montana and western North Dakota. April 20 to October
10 is the maximum period of water deliveries. Irrigated farms on
the project numbered 524. The irrigated area was 38,638 acres which
exceeds the previous year by 2,190 acres. During the current year 59
percent of the irrigated farms were operated by owners or managers
and 41 percent by tenants. There is a gradual trend toward farm
ownership.
NORTH PLATTE PROJECT, NEBRASKA-WYOMING
The reserved works features of the project, comprising the Pathfinder
and Guernsey Reservoirs, Whalen diversion dam, distribution
and power systems, were operated and maintained by the Bureau.
The canal, lateral, and drainage systems were operated and maintained
by the four project irrigation districts. Reserved works
features were operated without unusual difficulties or expenditures.
Tentative plans for water conservation under consideration by district
officials constitute the most important future need of the project.
Of the total irrigable area comprising 235,000 acres, 90 percent was in
cultivation and 82 percent cropped or pastured. The number of
farms irrigated was 2,756. Crop yields were normal and the economic
condition of farmers showed further improvement in spite of
lower prices for hay and grain. The available water supply was
about 1.1 acre-feet at farmers’ headgates. On account of spring
rains, this irrigation supply was adequate to mature most crops. For
the 1936 season the water supply will be 1.2 acre-feet. Spring rains
were below normal, however, and less water will be available for late
season use than was available last year.
70 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
HUMBOLDT PROJECT, NEVADA
The contract for the construction of the Rye Patch Dam was
completed June 1, 1936. All transactions for the purchase of lands
and water rights in the Battle Mountain area were completed during
the year. Dragline operations began on swamp drainage and river
channel improvements. The 1935 water supply amounted to 25
percent of decreed rights, which seriously curtailed production. The
1936 water supply will fully supply the decreed rights owing to the
beneficial regulatory effects of the Rye Patch Dam, and it is estimated
that 10,000 acre-feet of storage will be carried over to 1937.
NEWLANDS PROJECT, NEVADA
During the fall of 1935 and the spring of 1936, heavy storms in
the Sierra Nevada Mountains supplied water sufficient to fill Lahontan
Reservoir and raise Lake Tahoe to an elevation of 6,225.90 feet,
the highest since 1928. This storage gave the Newlands project a
sufficient water supply for the season, the results above average in
crops of alfalfa hay and grains. Much beneficial work was accomplished
with the aid of two E. C. W. camps located on the project.
This work consisted of replacement of worn-out structures, construction
of new structures, lining of laterals, rock and brush riprap,
strengthening of canal banks, clearing growth from water channels,
etc.
TRUCKEE RIVER STORAGE PROJECT, NEVADA
Topographic, test pit, and diamond drill explorations of the two
possible dam sites at Boca and geological studies were completed
during the year. Negotiations were under way for right-of-way.
The electors of the district at the election of April 7, 1936, ratified
the repayment contract and the Truckee River agreement. The
Truckee-Carson irrigation district also ratified the Truckee River
agreement at the election. The project received a 70 percent water
supply during 1935 owing to deficient natural flow and low stage
of Lane Tahoe. A full water supply is assured for the 1936 season
because of the 3.67-foot recovery of Lake Tahoe.
CARLSBAD PROJECT, NEW MEXICO
Extension of the east embankment of Lake McMillan by E. C. W.
forces was completed in August 1935. Work at Lake Avalon, which
included raising the dam 6 feet by earth fill protected by rock
masonry and additional protection of all spillway channels by rock
riprap, was completed in June 1936. A contract was negotiated with
the Carlsbad irrigation district December 3, 1935, for the expenditure
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION 71
of not to exceed $2,500,000, to build Alamogordo Dam and line with,
concrete a portion of the canal and lateral system. Construction of
the dam was authorized and contract awarded to the Hallett Construction
Co. of Crosby, Minn., on January 25, 1936, for $1,13’2,547.
The crop season of 1935 was characterized by an ample water supply
and good yields and prices for the principal crops. Economic conditions
were generally good. Construction will be continued at
Alamogordo Dam and plans are being completed for concrete lining.
RIO GRANDE PROJECT, NEW MEXICO-TEXAS
The distribution system will now serve more than 156,000 acres.
Construction work during the past year consisted in the reconstruction
or reconditioning of the main trunk drain in the Mesilla Valley,
and the enlarging of several culverts, bridges, and flumes. Irrigation
requirements necessitated the operation and maintenance of the
entire distribution system, but because of the local financial condition
it is not possible to properly maintain the drainage system. The
total cost of the project operation and maintenance was $323,017 as
compared with $370,000 in 1930 when all desirable maintenance work
was performed. The water users in general at this time are in good
financial condition.
UMATILLA PROJECT, OREGON
The operation of the east and west divisions of the Umatilla
project were continued under the respective irrigation district organizations,
the combined irrigated area of the two divisions being approximately
12,000 acres. On the east division the economic situation
was better at the close of the year than at any time since 1929.
Poultry is rapidly becoming the major industry on this project as
it has been demonstrated that turkeys and eggs can be produced as
reasonably as at any other point in the Northwest, a condition which
is due largely to the cooperative organizations’ efforts in both
marketing and providing cheap feeds.
VALE PROJECT, OREGON
Beginning 1934 the project was operated by Government forces
for the Vale Oregon irrigation district, financed by collections from
309 water users. Nearly all lands for which water is available have
been settled. Crops were diversified, alfalfa being the principal
crop. Cooperative organizations in the older adjoining sections
handled most of the produce. The Vale-Owyhee Land Settlement
Association operated with Nyssa, Oreg., as headquarters. Construction
of the Agency Valley Dam was completed by the contractors
72 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
December 13, 1935. Construction of Willow Creek laterals, consisting
mostly of excavation, was started October 8, 1935, by C. C. C.
forces.
KLAMATH PROJECT, OREGON-CALIFORNIA
In Tule Lake division work on the extension of the distribution
and drainage systems was resumed and the enlarging and strengthening
of dikes was completed. Enlargement and extension of the
drainage system in the Klamath irrigation district was completed.
The farm income for 1935 was about the same as for the previous
year. Crops were universally good, and commodity prices satisfactory.
A number of potato growers experienced heavy losses owing
to early October freezes and below-zero temperature on November 2.
The outlook for 1936 is excellent, with an abundant water supply.
All crops are average or better, and indications are that farm income
will be the greatest on record. An amendatory contract, providing
for the suspension of charges on certain lands, was executed
by the Langell Valley irrigation district.
OWYHEE PROJECT, OREGON-IDAHO
Construction of irrigation works is 89 percent complete. Storage
and canal systems and laterals in Mitchell Butte division are practically
completed and laterals in Dead Ox Flat division are 25 percent
complete. Pumping plants for Advancement irrigation district
were completed and there remain the enlargement of the Payette-
Oregon Slope and Ontario-Nyssa pumping plants and rehabilitation
of Gem plant to complete this feature. Four drains have been
completed in the old districts. Some work remains to complete a
number of minor features.
Delivery was made of a full irrigation supply to Advancement
and Kingman districts and to about 6,400 acres of new lands, and
of a partial gravity supply to Ontario-Nyssa and Gem districts.
The latter released sufficient Black Canyon power to provide the
remaining pumping districts with a full supply of power for pumping.
Repairs were made and puddling and priming and riprapping
of canals and laterals were carried on.
BELLE FOURCHE PROJECT, SOUTH DAKOTA
No construction in progress other than replacement of wood structures
with concrete as a maintenance feature and miscellaneous betterments
under the E. C. W. program camp BR-2. A slight water
shortage occurred in 1935, but production was fairly satisfactory
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION 73
and crops had a total value of $1,000,000. Severe drought persisted
throughout the fiscal year and with the reservoir only 42
percent full, the supply was entirely inadequate for 1936. Twentyeight
percent of the project farms are occupied by owners, 33 percent
by tenants, and 39 percent have no resident operators, although
the latter are mostly in production under rental.
COLORADO RIVER PROJECT, TEXAS
Under contracts with the Lower Colorado River Authority, the
Bureau is constructing this project at an estimated cost of $20,000,-
000. Rehabilitation of camp at Hamilton Dam was begun October
7, 1935. On March 17, 1936, actual construction was begun, and
excavation and drilling of grout holes was started. On May 18 the
first concrete was placed in the dam by the Bureau. Awards were
made for reservoir clearing and for construction of the North dike.
Bids were opened for the construction of Arnold Dam and the
production of concrete aggregates for both dams, but no awards
were made. On July 1 in accordance with a revised contract dated
June 11 all work on the two dams was turned over to the Authority.
Future work will cover the construction of the Marshall Fork floodcontrol
dam above Austin, Tex.
HYRUM PROJECT, UTAH
The purpose of the Hyrum project is to provide a supplemental
water supply for lands in the vicinity of Hyrum, Wellsville, and
Mendon, Utah, in the southern part of the Cache Valley. Hyrum
Reservoir was practically completed in August 1935, and the canal
system was finished in the spring of 1936. Operation and maintenance
was turned over to the South Cache Water Users’ Association
May 1, 1936. The parapet walls along the road on the top of the
dam will be constructed in the fall of 1936, which will complete
the construction of the project as planned.
MOON LAKE PROJECT, UTAH
Work was continued on the Moon Lake Dam. The outlet tunnel,
stripping of the foundation for the dam, and the excavation of the
cut-off trench are about completed. Construction of the Duchesne
feeder canal, Midview Dam, and Midview lateral is progressing.
These latter features are being constructed with the use of an E. C. W.
camp aided by expenditures of project funds. Final surveys are
being made on the Yellowstone feeder canal. A supplemental water
supply consisting of 40,000 acre-feet of storage and some natural
74 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
flow for the irrigation of 65,000 acres of land under existing canal
systems will be provided. The estimated cost of the project is.
$1,500,000.
OGDEN RIVER PROJECT, UTAH
The purpose of the project is to supply a much needed supplemental
water supply for lands already largely in a high state of
cultivation. Construction of the project, begun in fiscal year 1935r
was continued throughout fiscal year 1936, work being done on
Pine View Dam and appurtenant works, the Ogden Canyon conduit,,
the Ogden-Brigham canal, and the South Highline canal. The
project was about 64 percent completed at the end of the fiscal year.
It is planned to continue and probably finish the construction of
the project during fiscal year 1937.
PROVO RIVER PROJECT, UTAH
A repayment contract was executed by the Provo River Water
Users’ Association for the construction of the Deer Creek division,,
which includes the construction of the Deer Creek Reservoir on
Provo River, the enlargement of the Weber-Provo diversion and
Provo River canal, and the construction of the Duchesne tunnel.
The Deer Creek Reservoir will have a capacity of 150,000 acre-feet.
A supplemental water supply will be provided for 40,000 acres of
highly developed lands and also for two or three metropolitan
districts in Utah and Salt Lake Counties. The estimated cost of
the division is $7,600,000. A second division includes the construction
of a dike across Utah Lake and the revision and deepening of
the Jordan River outlet from the lake.
SANPETE PROJECT, UTAH
Construction work was started on the Ephraim tunnel by the contractor
September 30, 1935. By the end of the fiscal year, 2,000 feet
of the total of 7,200 feet were excavated. The two feeder canals
leading to the tunnel were completed in November 1935. A second
division of the project will include the construction of the Spring
City tunnel 5,000 feet long with short feeder canals leading thereto.
This tunnel was advertised for construction in 1935, but bids were
rejected. It is expected the tunnel will be readvertised in the late
summer season of 1936.
STRAWBERRY VALLEY PROJECT, UTAH
The principal construction work during the fiscal year consisted in
the continuation of operations on the Currant Creek feeder canaL
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION 75
When completed this feature will augment the project water supply
by picking up the run-off from some 8 square miles which formerly
was not a part of the Strawberry watershed. A proposed addition
to the power system is pending. A low-head installation is contemplated
just below the existing project plant. Steady increase in the
firm power load makes the new development imperative within the
near future. The greatest resettlement need is the removal of farmers
from marginal tracts to the more productive farm units.
WEBER RIVER PROJECT, UTAH
The Echo Reservoir, which was constructed on the Weber River,
1929-31, was filled to its capacity of 74,000 acre-feet in 1935. In
providing a supplemental supply for 70,000 acres of highly developed
lands in Ogden and Weber Valleys and 15,000 acres in Provo Valley,
the reservoir was directly responsible for the largest crop production
in the history of the areas.
COLUMBIA BASIN PROJECT, WASHINGTON
An allotment of $20,250,000 was made under the Emergency Relief
Act, to continue work on the project. Of this amount, $20,000,000
was for construction of the Grand Coulee Dam, power plant, and
appurtenant works, such as the Government camp, construction railroad,
highway, bridge, reservoir surveys, and purchase of lands for
right-of-way. The $250,000 allotment was provided for the preparation
of topographic and land ownership maps and a classification of
lands to be irrigated under the project. Construction of the dam
and power plant was continued under a modified contract altering
the plans and providing for the construction of foundations for a
dam which will eventually extend to a spillway crest at elevation
1,260. The estimated value of the revised contract amounts to $36,-
869,150. Major items of work under the contract include diversion
and care of the river, excavation for dam and power-house, amounting
to approximately 16,000,000 cubic yards, and the placing of
4,500,000 cubic yards of concrete.
At the close of the fiscal year the contractor had excavated 13,840,-
000 cubic yards and placed 710,840 cubic yards of concrete. Cofferdams
enclose areas on both east and west sides of the river. Construction
of cross-river cofferdams will be commenced in the near
future. The contractor’s construction plant includes a 60-inch belt
conveyor, a sand and gravel plant, two concrete mixing plants having
a combined capacity of 14,000 cubic yards of concrete per 24-hour
day, and cement storage silos. Contracts were completed during the
76 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
fiscal year covering the construction of buildings and street improvements
in Government camp and erection of a highway bridge. Buildings
include 77 residences, 2 dormitories, school, garage, fire station,,
warehouse, administration building, and 61 temporary buildings.
Under the project for economic surveys, work was started October
15, 1935, with headquarters at Ephrata, Wash. About 100 men are
engaged on section line retracement and topographic surveys on
Columbia Basin irrigable lands. At the end of the fiscal year 46,225’
acres had been mapped.
OKANOGAN PROJECT, WASHINGTON
In the spring of 1936, 785 feet of 3-inch lining were placed in the*
main canal, and 3,250 feet of worn-out pipe line were replaced.
There still remain some 25,000 feet of pipe line, miscellaneous sizes,,
to be replaced. The gravity system of the project furnished “New’5,
right lands with 2^2 acre-feet of water during 1935. The final estimate
for 1936 is 2 feet per acre. In 1935 there was a small increase
in irrigated acreage on the project, which irrigated acreage will
probably be unchanged in 1936.
YAKIMA PROJECT, WASHINGTON
Sunnyside and Tieton divisions.—Irrigated areas remain practically
unchanged. Average per acre crop values for 1935 were
$39.51 for the Sunnyside and $105.49 for the Tieton division. Livestock
value increased.
Kittitas division.—An area of 56,481 acres was irrigated, an increase
of 8.5 percent over 1934. The average per acre crop value
was $24.27, an increase of 28 percent. There was a substantial increase
in the number of horses and cattle and in the value of
livestock.
Kennewick division.—The net acreage cropped was 2,072, and theaverage
per acre value $54.99.
Storage division.—An ample supply of storage was available. A
parapet wall and auxiliary air duct were constructed at Cle Elum
Dam. Construction of the Kachess Dam spillway was begun in May
1936. Clearing operations by E. C. W. camps at Clear Creek and
Kachess Reservoirs were in progress.
Roza division.—Actual construction of this division, a $15,000,000'
project, to irrigate 72,000 acres, was started on January 28, 1936.
The work involves the construction of a diversion dam, power and
pumping plants, transmission lines, drainage ditches, 100 miles of
main canal, tunnels, siphons, and about 500 miles of laterals. A
repayment contract dated December 13, 1935, was obtained from the;
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION 77
Yakima-Benton irrigation district. At the close of June 1936, contracts
had been awarded and work was in progress on 18,000 feet of
17-foot diameter horseshoe-type tunnel and 5 miles of open canal of
2,200 cubic feet per second capacity. Contracts for the construction
of the diversion dam, Yakima River siphon, and 2 miles of additional
canal will be let during the fiscal year 1937.
CASPER-ALCOVA PROJECT, WYOMING
Construction was continued with National Industrial Recovery and
Emergency Relief allotments. Lining of tunnel no. 2, Casper canal,
was completed by contract, bringing the canal to station 190. Contracts
were awarded for construction of permanent buildings at
Seminoe and Alcova dam sites, Seminoe and Alcova Dams, and four
tunnels of the Casper canal. Construction was commenced, by contract,
on the two dams and tunnels 5 and 6, and by Government
forces, on the sewer, water, and light system for the permanent
camp at Seminoe dam site, and on the excavation of the Casper
canal from station 190 to 3,138. Construction will be commenced,
by Government forces, on Casper canal structures and the lateral
system for the first unit of the project. A contract was entered into,
during the year, with the Casper-Alcova irrigation district for repayment
of irrigation system construction costs, with a maximum liability
of $3,080,000.
RIVERTON PROJECT, WYOMING
In 1935, with an ample water supply, there was a marked improvement
in crop yields per acre, though crop values were less.
In 1936 there is an increase of 25 percent in the number of settlers
and the irrigated area with prospect of further substantial increase
in 1937. Few settlers are leaving the project. Practically all settlers
have paid the water rental charges. The outlook for crops is favorable.
Better transportation facilities are needed. Contract for the
construction of Bull Lake Dam was let, and the construction work
was well under way. Maintenance work was unusually heavy.
SHOSHONE PROJECT, WYOMING
In 1935, 956 farms were irrigated and the supply of irrigation
water was ample. Settlement of the Willwood division is practically
complete. Nine farm units have not yet been opened to entry. Construction
work was started on the Heart Mountain canal system.
A contract was made for the construction of tunnels 1, 2, and 3,
Shoshone Canyon conduit, and good progress was made by the con78
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
tractor. Ten miles of canal and 7,000 feet of structure sites were
located by Government forces. On the Willwood division 4.3 miles
of drain were constructed by Government forces.
SECONDARY INVESTIGATIONS
Investigations of proposed projects were carried out at a total cost
of $264,000, mainly with funds allotted under the National Industrial
Recovery Act of June 16, 1933, or advanced by local interests. Principal
among these were:
ARIZONA-CALIFORNIA
Silt surveys of the Colorado River were continued.
COLORADO
Survey of the Colorado-Big Thompson transmountain diversion
was continued; and survey of the Blue River-South Platte transmountain
diversion and investigation of a number of storage sites
on the western slope were begun.
COLORADO-NEW MEXICO
Survey and investigation of a number of dam and reservoir sites
in the Rio Grande Basin were in progress, including those of Wagon
Wheel Gap, Vega-Sylvestre, and Conejos sites.
IDAHO
Survey of reservoir sites in the Boise-Weiser-Payette drainage
area was commenced in November and the investigation of reservoir
sites on the Upper Snake River was completed.
MONTANA
Investigation of the Buffalo Rapids project was completed and a
report made in August 1935. Surveys are in progress of the proposed
Gallatin River project.
MONTANA-IDAHO
The survey of the Madison River diversion project was continued
and a progress report issued in November 1935.
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION 79
NEBRASKA
A survey of the irrigation possibilities along the lower Platte
River was continued together with study of the electric power
market.
NEVADA
A report on irrigation of lands in southern Nevada by utilization
of power from Boulder Dam was made.
OREGON
Extensive surveys and investigation of the Deschutes project were
made and a progress report submitted in July. A survey of the
Grande Ronde project was also made and progress report made in
October.
SOUTH DAKOTA
Investigation of irrigation possibilities in the Black Hills in the
vicinity of Rapid City was in progress.
UTAH
Surveys of projects in the Salt Lake Basin were continued, including
the Dixie and Gooseberry projects, and investigation of an
aqueduct for the Salt Lake City Metropolitan District.
COLORADO RIVER BASIN
Topographic mapping and land classification of large areas in
the Colorado River Basin under section 15 of the Boulder Canyon
Project Act were continued.
HAWAII
Surveys were commenced of irrigation possibilities on the island
of Molokai.
98234—36------7
80 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
TABLES
Rec lama ti on Tab le 1.—Consolidated financial statement, June 30, 1936
DEBIT SIDE
Construction account:
Primary projects:
Cost of irrigation works:
Original construction______________________ $247,263, 236.68
Supplemental construction......... ....... — 12,667,321.06
Value of works taken over___________ ______ 2,056,939.90
Total construction cost. $261,987,497. 64
Operation and maintenance prior to public notice,
net__________ ____________________________ $2,813,958.94
Operation and maintenance deficits and arrearages
funded with construction...... . ....................
Penalties on water-right charges funded with construction____
_____ -................ ------- -------------
5,404,793.82
1,804,536.15
----------------- 10,023,288.91
Total_____________________________________________________ 272,010, 786. 55
Less income items:
Construction revenues--- -------- ------------- $7,015,063.03
Contributed funds------------------------------------- 1,777,257.33
Nonreimbursable appropriation, Rio Grande
Dam........ ...................... -_______ ____________ 1,000,000.00
---------------------- 9,792,320.36
262,218,466.19
Less abandoned works, nonreimbursable cost,
and charge-offs----------------------------1-7--,1-1-0--,-0-6--4-.- -60
Balance payable. $245,108,401. 59
Yuma auxiliary project:
Cost of irrigation works------ -------------------- -------- $902,837.00
Impounded funds, economy acts............................... 504.96
---------------------- $903,341.96
Less construction revenues----------------- --------------------------------- — 1» °85-47
Palo Verde flood protection cost of reconstruction and repairs----------------- ------------.........
Tennessee Valley Authority:
Cost of designs______________________________________________ $484,911.25
Less contributed funds----------------------------------------------------------- -------- 484,911.25
902,256.49
48,806.46
Secondary projects and general investigations:
Cost of surveys and investigations.............................. .................. 3,601,198.66
Less contributed funds..--------------------------- ---------------- ------------ 657> 988.57
General offices’ expense undistributed............... . .................... ——........................................
Plant and equipment......................----------------------------------------------------------------- ------
Materials and supplies....--------- ------------------------------------------ ------------- ---------------
Accounts receivable:
Current accounts____________________________________________ 811.43
Deferred accounts------------------------------------------------------------------ 177,957,185.13
2,943,210.09
775,644. 21
1,163,259. 92
2,166,046.93
Undistributed clearing cost accounts......................—.................... .................. ........................
Unadjusted debits, disbursement vouchers in transit...... ......... -................ .......
179,046,996.56
131, 513.16
51,961.99
Cash:
Balance on hand:
Reclamation fund_________________________ $10, 999,261.08
Special funds_____________________________ 55,834.78
National Industrial Recovery allotments------- 17,824,436.00
Emergency Relief allotments----------------------- 36,451,372.69
Funds transferred from other departments.. . 1,515,769.26
Contributed funds--------- ------------------------ — 16,416.73
---------------------- $66,863,090.54
In special deposit and in transit----------------------------------------------- 31,488.08
66,894,578.62
Total debits. 499,232,676.02
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION 81
Recl ama ti on Ta bl e 1.—Accretions to reclamation fund, by States—Continued
CREDIT SIDE
Security for repayment of cost of irrigation works:
Contracted construction repayments____
Yuma auxiliary contracted repayments______
Current accounts payable-_____________________
Deferred and contingent obligations........ .................
Reserves and undistributed profits______________
Operation and maintenance results, surplus_____
Unadjusted credits, collection vouchers in transit.
Government aid for reclamation of arid lands:
Reclamation fund__________________________
Advances to reclamation fund:
Treasury loan (act of June 25,1910)______
Less amount repaid__________ _________
.............................$221,813,639.71
......... ................ 596,815.38
.. $222,410,455.09
.........................—-................... 5,471,500.74
------------------------------------------ 1, 529, 687.38
-------------- -------- ------------------- 8,189,131.11
---------------- 613,950.03
—-........................ 11.47
.................... $162,556,801.54
$20, 000,000.00
10,000,000.00
10,000,000.00
Treasury loan (act of Mar. 4,1931)..................................... 5,000,000.00
--------------------- 15,000,000.00
National Industrial Recovery allotments_____________ _____ _______ 47,371,000.00
Emergency Relief allotments________ ____ _______________________ 50,520,000.00
Funds transferred from other departments.......... .................... .................. 1,569,100.00
Special funds:
Increase of compensation_____________________________________ 2,797,960.33
Rio Grande Dam_____________ ________ ______________ ______ _ 1,000,000.00
Wind River Indian, Riverton..................... ...................... .................. 359,176.04
Judgments, United States courts______________________________ 602,814.38
Drainage and cut-over lands__________________________________ 99,815.08
General investigations, 1923 to Dec. 31, 1924____________________ 266,352.66
Arid, semiarid, swamp, and cut-over timberlands______________ 35,923.75
Columbia Basin irrigation project.......... ......................... ................ . 11,634.28
Colorado River levee system.......... ............................. ............................ 495,110.59
Palo Verde flood protection__________________________________ 48,806.46
Claims for damages, act of Dec. 28, 1922.______________________ 239.23
Less nonreimbursable appropriation, Rio Grande Dam.
282,734,734.34
1,000,000.00
Less impairment of funds:
Abandoned works_________________________________ $2, 833,484.62
Nonreimbursable construction cost.____ ____________ 822,921.59
Operation and maintenance cost uncollectible________ 453,272.39
Charge-offs, act of May 25, 1926_____________________ 14,651,474.08
Washington office cost since Dec. 5,1924....... ................ . 1,682,560.83
Attendance at meetings________ ______ ____________ 1,815.90
Giving information to settlers, cost__________________ 7,852.46
Prepaid civil-service retirement fund............ .............. . 2,340.33
Returned to Treasury, miscellaneous receipts________ 11.91
281, 734, 734.34
20,455,734.11
Less impounded funds, economy acts, reclamation fund.
261,279,000.23
261,047.09
261,017,953.14
Total credits. 499, 232,676. 02
i Contra.
82 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Reclama tion Tab le 2 — Available funds, expenditures, and balances, fiscal year 1936
BUREAU OE RECLAMATION 83
Rec la mat io n Tab le 3.—Accretions to reclamation fund, try States
1 Proceeds for fiscal year, $86,831.87.
States
Sale of public lands Proceeds from oil leasing
act
Total to June
30, 1936
Fiscal year
1936
To June 30,
1936
Fiscal year
1936
To June 30,
1936
Alabama _____ ______________ $4,021.80 $178,871.43
159. 86
12,357,464. 51
558,924.16
17,447. 06
$178,871.43
2, 674,681.08
20,527,665. 60
10,822, 233. 36
7,023,354. 71
1,033,058. 76
42, 311.24
16,473,624. 26
2,094,196.82
1,027, 780.56
7,332,471.43
12,355, 799.83
5,929,061. 55
11, 963,398. 92
7,731,743. 09
4,696,610. 75
7,479,489. 76
42,168,884.19
Arizona_____________________ $14,943. 87
18, 266. 65
12,411.35
8,448.91
$2,674,521.22
8,170, 201.09
10,263,309.20
7,005, 907. 65
1,033,058. 76
California_______________ ___ 1,072,287. 21
61, 731. 45
2,050. 77
Colorado_____________________
Idaho __________ __________
Kansas
Louisiana__________________ 3,252. 93
49,312. 02
42,311.24
Montana____ ___________ _ 21,664.97 15,328,256.57 1,145,367.69
2,094,196. 82
1,022,417.19
6,636,842. 72
12, 218,094. 34
5,929,061.55
11, 963, 388. 64
7,730,106. 50
4,231,029.34
7,445, 740.13
8,620, 640.02
Nebraska _
Nevada.. __________________ 987.32
27,966. 48
348.26
252.00
166, 727. 06
11,606.85
5,363. 37
695,628. 71
137, 705. 49
New Mexico________________
North Dakota.. _____________
Oklahoma _________ ______
Oregon . .. _________________ 5,887. 72
1,962.03
7,426. 70
2,262. 35
31,991.04
10.28
1,636. 59
465,581.41
33, 749. 63
33,548,244.17
South Dakota__ ____ _________ 125. 23
Utah___ ____________ _____ 48,190. 95
Washington . ___
Wyoming___________________ 633,594. 21
Total____ ______ ______ 154, 567.65 112,366, 771. 74 2,053,152. 48 49,188,465. 60 161,555, 237.34
1 740,332. 54
2 261, 231. 66
Proceeds, Federal water power
licenses_____ ___________
Proceeds, potassium royalties
and lentals_______________
Grand total_____________ 162, 556,801.54
2 Proceeds for fiscal year, $79,873.55.
84 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Reclama tion Ta b le 4.—Consolidated statement by projects, of construction cost of irrigation works, other items reimbursable with
struction, and amounts repayable
2S2 SS 33SSSS SS833E2 3 3 388 S3
Total repayable
To June 30,
1936
833 SSS S3 SS- ISS
ggg 8g 81 K§ ilg
II stf ill
= S cf ^T«T 2
SK3SSS S 8 S
£§§§§§
3 g 5W S
««oo- «r g- ^-co
Fiscal year
1936
S3S 3“ SS isS
g§g s8 Is iSS
IIs" g* “g Sg" “s
SSSSSS & g 38S 3
B §
Abandoned
works, nonreim
bursable
cost
and authorized
charge-offs
----------------- |
IS 760 ‘388$
i ss 3 iss is i i is§33 s i is
i 82 s isg is? i i i§sg s i ii
i gs ® ir's i i i i is
2§S
Construction revenues,
contributed funds,
and nonreimbursable
appropriation (contra)
To June 30,
1936
2SS i
i
S 3S S issss i i is3S 3 3 SS
5 SS 8 iSFl i i ill! £ 1 ’s
4 g'S g s i i i«s 8* § S*
Fiscal
year 1936
sss i : 13 3 i iss i i i is is s s i i
i i ig § i i^ i i i r g § i i
s? i i i sf H i i i i" i « ii
and maintesficits
and ar-
, and penal-
To June 30,
1936
$43,428.40
207, 017. 73
-— x-:xz-x:-l 00
09
21
05
51’
82
81
i isss S 8 is
82,815.31
3 SS § i§s i
* -«8;
43,247.
i iSS§ 8 8
i g §
s
3
Operation
nance de
rearages; ties
Fiscal
year 1936
$32,219.24"
"1*2,"924." 48*
1 3,854. 52
i 7,898. 62
125,916.34
■’9'562.'46’
43,247.81
i isas s g
i iS8§ a g _
S0.’609_‘k_i_
18,048.96
Operation and m aintenance
before public
notice (net)
To June 30,
1936
SK is 8S 8 i is is i
8s is §§ 8 i ig is i
fl gg f i if i
I 1,000.16
437,102. 94
132, 728.76
1 5, 291.32
743, 294.42 i
gs
Fiscal
year 1936
i i i ii
1 36.83
1341.06
1 534.60
H
ft §¥ £ £ s§£ §1
co® of >o«r o 4g wcooo co ®
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION 85
SB
sg
S'S
S
: SSS8SS8S sssssas sssa kss s
ggiisaia Sissis §gsi 6§g a
g'SS'gg'ggg- fgWf g'JSS- ggs g
of of «T g « coMfoo
245.107,744.17
s? :
i
§‘s“ :
S8SSSS8SS SSS8SSS SSSS S8K S
: ggsig§5§ gg§SiSS SBS8 8gB s
i -8'sr^ sss'Kig g'r‘"8' §ey s'
i ~ ”r s
23,805,937.88
S ■" i i iRiR i® i i i ii i i iesi lie |
§ ii i 1 is is is i i i i i i i iss i i :§ i
«« HiHii lrl Hi i
g
I
3 §g § : i23£S8 S”° i£8S 588 i 88S i
g S§ § i i^ggR s^ i8’B 188 i SSa i
S‘ "g »' i is'^'-S S' is s' g'-'S i B'S i
~ : : i i i
5
=
5
O'
i ;«
i i!
: :
B : : SSS iss i SSS : S8S i
i i i iggggg ^8 i«*R ; sgg i ggg i
J i i r - i a < si
290, 796.71
S3 88 S838S23S £388 £83 S
§gi§£^S §§sg §§g §
is ! : i
is : i i
r Hi
is8S is
isS§ is
r* is
” ” 5,'720.'28'
89, 590.86
” "26,’870.”3 i’
176,838. 67
iS3 i
iss
iSB i
7, 208, 661.73
is? : i s isss is i i iss is iss i iss i 2
1’42’319.'
1 173.
isgg is i i ig is 1st i
’14’915.’
1 3,603.
i
IS K8 i i is3£8 i i i i is iss i i i- i s
i i isSSS i i i i is ig-i i Hi i g
i§" w i
i- i
i iHii2 M iis i Iof
;• j• : :• :• i issse i i i i i i i i i i i । i” i 2
i i i i i iSBs i i i i i i i i i i ! i iS i I
ii i i ii ^i iiiiii iiii s'
°¥ sWO‘1 £tF>¥ ih¥§ s¥i £ 2 of of « c^-o-
S
£
£
86 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Rec la mati on Tab le 5.—Accounts receivable, construction water-right charges
State and project
Due
Fiscal
year 1936
To June 30,
1936
Arizona:
Salt River______________ $152,490. 30
1 6, 420. 37
20, 529. 37
3, 506.88
10,897. 60
146. 71
2 4,456.24
103, 696.16
1, 703. 78
1 5, 095. 20
1, 509.09
1,603. 03
127, 089.10
21,490. 88
15. 90
$6,811, 234. 71
588, 799. 71
3, 834, 783.11
822, 750.84
170,080. 89
490, 269. 48
4, Oil, 585.48
8,108, 304.02
560, 839.96
71, 667. 56
220, 419. 55
293, 760. 98
4,104, 347. 75
1, 206, 511. 54
885, 710.89
3, 092, 524.45
543, 057.17
1,147, 504.19
626, 634. 24
1,222. 50
1,317,134. 96
137, 475.86
6, 878, 761. 73
984, 321. 01
Yuma auxiliary.__ .. .
Arizona-California: Yuma___
California: Orland__________
Colorado:
Grand Valley__________
Uncompahgre__________
Idaho:
Boise________________
Minidoka______________
Montana:
Huntley_______________
Milk River___ _________
Sun River . ___ _____ _
Montana - North Dakota:
Lower Yellowstone_______
Nebraska-Wyoming: North
Platte.. _ __________
Nevada: Newlands . ____ _
New Mexico: Carlsbad______
New Mexico - Texas: Rio
Grande__ ______________
Oregon: Umatilla.. .. _ _ 2,483. 29
3, 052. 05
2, 505.15
Oregon-California: Klamath..
South Dakota: Belle Fourche-
Utah:
Salt Lake Basin._______
Strawberry Valley______ 1 56, 610. 54
2, 825. 94
144, 248. 77
2, 010. 59
Washington:
Okanogan. _____ ______
Yakima .. ___________
Wyoming: Shoshone________
Total _______________ 529, 232. 24 46,909, 702. 58
Paid in advance of due dates.
Refunds___________________
Total collections. ____
Contributed funds applying
to construction cost not in -
eluded in above table___
Collected
Uncollected
June 30,
1936
Cash
Other credits
to June
Fiscal 30, 1936
year 1936
To June 30,
1936
$152,490. 30 $6, 811, 234.71
2 5, 274. 97 585, 248. 04 $1, 672.80 $1,878.87
2 4, 736. 87 3, 270, 265.11 562,394. 46 2,123.54
5,380. 71 779,195. 81 43, 555.03
34.71
80, 729. 94 89, 350.95 _________
427,282. 43 62, 987. 05—
2 4,456. 24 3,984, 392.19 27,193.29
25, 538. 76 7, 246, 747.91 839, 038. 87 22, 517. 24
659. 41 468, 082. 31 92, 674. 85 82.80
274.18
3, 002. 76
206,497.82 13,252. 69
68, 664.80
669. 04
1,305.80 292, 796. 30 964.68—
9, 608. 97 2, 790, 528. 78 1,254, 781. 58 59, 037939
15,325.30 1,131, 308. 74 73, 635. 92 1, 566. 88
15. 90 885, 629. 64 81.25
2, 259. 29
2, 781, 599.45 310,925. 00
401, 929.48 5.190. 89 135, 936. 80
7,169. 75 1,140, 303. 09 4, 292.90 2,908. 20
343.29 546,198.33 80, 435. 91
2 32,075. 35
1, 222. 50
1, 306, 221. 74 10, 913.22—
2, 825. 94 137,475.86
51, 726.31 6, 641, 749. 90 36, 363.75 200, 648. 08
422. 29 820, 318. 76 163, 657. 89 344. 36
228,837.48 42, 739,961. 60 2 3, 629,807.95 539,933. 03
2 64, 651. 71 913, 609. 41 2 221, 047.40
98,926. 60 3,212.84
164,185. 77 43, 752, 497. 61—
2 3, 999.98 1, 777, 257. 33—
1 Contra.
2 Other credits for fiscal year, $244,995.96.
i Decrease for fiscal year, $9,809.64.
BUREAU OE RECLAMATION 87
Rec la mat io n Tab le 6.—Accounts receivable, operation and maintenance charges
(after public notice)
State and project
Due Collected
Uncollected
June 30,
Fiscal year 1936
1936
To June 30,
1936
Cash
Other
credits to
June 30,
Fiscal year 1936
1936
To June 30,
1936
Arizona: Yuma auxiliary____
Arizona-California: Yuma___
California: Orland__________
Colorado:
Grand Valley___________
Uncompahgre_________
$15, 012.96
112, 992. 53
32,617.07
49, 695. 62
$483,405. 89
3,885,436. 24
667, 760.45
408,211. 86
1,008, 683. 69
2,190,166. 77
60, 711.27
2,123,412.74
554,787.34
371,097. 68
168, 718. 50
338, 562. 56
1,931,978.69
1,174, 581. 57
973,594. 57
4,338, 659. 63
2,317.41
34,042. 75
388, 888. 02
23,149.67
1,340,969. 27
500.00
1, 203, 613.43
376,880. 88
371,441.72
5,606, 757.99
556,284. 79
$20,619.53
97,977.43
30,125. 91
36,195. 62
$466,035.10
3,666,185. 72
606,128.34
373,711.86
977,809. 79
2,137, 517. 05
59,192. 22
1, 993,320. 98
543, 594.31
352, 722.84
164,366.28
338, 557. 93
1,856,382. 44
1,135,901. 55
956, 721.86
4,058, 056. 02
2,317.41
34,042. 75
380, 654.05
23,149.67
1,305, 999. 26
500. 00
1,194,237.44
365,022. 21
368,788.67
5,418,829. 81
531,432. 76
$11, 705. 76
177,604. 50
24, 818. 88
33. 000. 00
30,873. 90
52,649. 72
1, 519.05
129,843.66
11,193.03
1,662.25
4,352. 22
4. 63
65,098. 35
38, 680. 02
16,872. 71
236,403.61
$5, 665.03
41, 646. 02
36,813. 23
1, 500.00
Idaho:
Boise___________________
King Hill_______________
18, 929.03 21,929. 03 —
Minidoka_______________
Montana:
Huntlev________________
52,159.03 44,916. 65 248.10
Milk River______ _______
Sun River.. .. ..
39, 636. 61 42,938. 20 16, 712. 59
Montana-North Dakota: Lower
Yellowstone__________
Nebraska-Wyoming: North
Platte____________________
Nevada: Newlands__________
1 1,921.45
20, 848. 47
1 1,921.45
17, 575. 51 10,497. 90
New Mexico: Carlsbad______
New Mexico-Texas: Rio
Grande___________________
North Dakota:
B uford-Trenton_______
40,189. 32
289,089.23
40,189. 32
253, 258. 61 44, 200. 00
Williston_______________
Oregon:
Umatilla________________
Vale _________________
3, 286.37
12,363. 08
50,442.68
250. 00
71, 304. 07
2,306.36
12,363. 08
50,312. 70
250.00
71,304.07
7, 253.96 980. 01
Oregon-California: Klamath.__
Oregon-Idaho: Owyhee______
South Dakota: Belle Fourche-
Utah: Strawberry Valley____
30, 536.22
9,375. 99
11, 858. 67
2, 653.05
66,492.28
23, 705.43
4,433. 79
Washington:
Okanogan______________
Yakima_________________
Wyoming: Shoshone________
Total_________________
Paid in advance of due dates..
227,373. 65
2,211. 83
222,192. 28
2,104. 03
121,435.90
1,146. 60
1,037,480.10 30, 584,615. 38 964, 636.88
1 16,708.11
6, 860.93
29,311,178.32
122,199.21
519,719.87
38,228.87
2 988,157.89
2 258.34
20,480. 00
156. 00
285, 279.17
Penalties and interest________
Refunds________ __________
Total collections_______ 954, 789. 70 29,991,326. 27
1 Contra.
2 Other credits for fiscal year, $41,089.34.
3 Increase for fiscal year, $236.08.
88 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Rec la mat io n Tab le 7.—Accounts receivable, rental of irrigation water
State and project
Due
Fiscal year
1936
To June 30,
1936
Arizona:
Salt River..__________ $2,246, 726. 01
Yuma auxiliary________ $968.48 13, 396. 93
Arizona-California: Yuma.. 9, 268.93 556, 913. 02
California: Orland_________ 121,450.85
Colorado:
Grand Valley__________ 10, 897. 70 522, 828. 26
Uncompahgre_________ 1, 690. 61 1, 226,460. 37
Idaho:
Boise_________________ 8, 050. 00 806, 038. 57
Minidoka_____________ 57, 301.11 740, 243. 04
Montana:
Huntley______________ 588. 83 12,440. 25
Milk River____________ 591. 78 238, 327.50
Sun River_____________ 241. 06 132, 592.55
Montana - North Dakota:
Lower Yellowstone______ 534. 60 136, 583. 60
Nebraska-Wyoming: North
Platte__________________ 1,812. 88 346, 756. 52
Nevada: Newlands________ 28, 291.16
New Mexico:
Carlsbad______________ 382. 68 40, 499. 27
Hondo. _________ ___ 9,129. 70
New Mexico-Texas: Rio
Grande_________________ 28, 717. 92 1, 507,458. 70
North Dakota:
Buford-Trenton_______ 31. 75
Williston______________ 2,117. 28
Oregon:
Umatilla______________ 1,171. 80 97,449. 32
Vale__________________ i 208.15 21, 917. 70
Oregon-California: Klamath. 43, 840. 07 398, 685. 29
Oregon-Idaho: Owyhee____ 12, 272. 75 16, 922.15
South Dakota:Belle Fourche. 414. 50 10, 331. 90
Utah: Strawberry Valley__ 17, 596.13
Washington:
Okanogan _ _________ 110,645. 28
Yakima_______________ 1 5, 945. 55 177, 982. 57
Wyoming:
Riverton______________ 23,865. 34 64, 661. 67
Shoshone______________ 10, 727.43 95, 945. 00
Total_______________ 207,184. 77 9, 700, 422. 34
Collected
Other
credits
to June
30, 1936
Uncollected
June 30,
1936
Cash
Fiscal year
1936
To June 30,
1936
$621.00
9,840.81
$2,246,726.01
13, 049. 45
544, 258. 83 $12, 654.19
$347.48
121,450. 85 —
10, 896. 07 514, 091.93 6, 500. 67 2, 235. 66
351. 52 1, 219, 394.40 7, 065. 97
8, 050. 00
57, 306.11
801,318.07
736,860.03
4, 720. 50
3, 383.01
—
588.83
576. 78
12,440. 25
227,965. 72 1, 208.14 9,153. 64
862. 92 130, 512.40 1, 366. 62 713. 53
342. 00 136, 005. 98 ——.......... - 577. 62
1,838.13 346, 746. 52 10.00
— 22,114.31 6,176. 85
382. 68 40,482. 02
9,129. 70
— 17.25
29, 519. 94 1, 493, 313. 66 — 14,145. 04
— 31.75
2,117.28
—
1, 671.80
137. 22
45,118. 08
71,172. 52
21, 211.17
395, 734.09 25. 00
26, 276.80
706. 53
2, 926. 20
12, 253. 85
642. 80
16, 868.25
10, 314.10 17.80
53.90
— 17, 596.13
2, 218.40
108, 061. 09
176, 592. 82
2, 584.19
1,389. 75
21,178. 92 58,015.94 6, 550. 73 95. 00
8, 329.87 92,193. 36 3, 590. 79 160. 85
212, 727. 73 9, 585, 768. 63 2 48,788.49 65, 865. 22
1 Contra. 2 Other credits for fiscal year, $5,795.45.
Rec lama ti on Tab le 8.—Financial statement, Boulder Canyon project, June 30,
1936
Ass ets and Other Debi ts
I. INVESTMENTS
102. Fixed capital under construction________________________________ $99,805,891.33
103. Other physical properties_______________________________________ 1,283,577.23
104. Investigations, Colorado River Basin____________________________ 229,944.23
104. Investigations, Parker-Gila project______________________________ 67,052.29
105. Interest during construction—Other capital expenditures__________ 10,338,522.03
Total investments (schedule 2) $111,724,987.11
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION 89
Rkc .t .a mat ton Tab le 8.—Financial statement, Boulder Canyon project, June 30,
1936—Continued
Asset s and Oth er Deb it s —Continued
II. CURRENT AND ACCRUED ASSETS
121. Treasury cash:
For advances to Colorado River Dam fund____________________ $14,135,906.79
Colorado River Dam fund____________________________________ 144,801.67
N. I. R. A.—Parker-Gila project______________________________ 26.52
Collections in transit_________________________________________ 38,399.39
Total Treasury cash (schedule 1)............ ............................... ............. 14,319,134.37
122. Disbursing officers’ cash (schedule 1)____________.------ ---------------- 205,783.63
124. Accounts receivable....................... 67,580.95
Total current and accrued assets.
IV. DEFERRED AND UNADJUSTED DEBITS
141. Clearing and apportionment accounts___________________________ 1 $23,645.01
143. Field cost adjustments_______________________________ _______ —. 566,557. 66
145. Jobbing accounts................................... 2,608.59
146. Prepayments_ _____________ ______________________________ ____ 9,962.13
171. Unadjusted debits_______________ _________________ —__________ 44,269.08
Total deferred and unadjusted debits.
Total assets and other debits.
Lia bili ti es and Othe r Credi ts
X. CAPITAL AND LONG-TERM LIABILITY
205. Long-term liability: U. S. Treasury authorized appropriation____ $126,500,000.00
161. Less: Authorized but not appropriated-_____________________ ____ 13,240,000.00
Total long-term liability:
205.2 . Appropriated but not advanced........... ................................................ 14,135,906.79
205.3 . Appropriated and advanced_________________________________ 99,124,093.21
205.4 . Less: Impounded, Legislative Economy Act........ ....................... 1 137,653.66
206. N. I. R. A. allotment—Parker-Gila project................ ... 93,000.00
---------------------- 113,215,346.34
XI. CURRENT AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES
211. Audited accounts payable:
211.1. Contractor’s earnings—current_____________________________ $1,914,519.72
211.11. Contractors’ earnings—holdback___________________________ 209,285.90
211.2. Labor._____ _________________ 105,202.49
211.3. Purchases__________ 57,968.59
211.4. Freight and express_____ x_________________________________ 370,104.87
211.5. Passenger fares____________________________________________ 722.97
211.9. Miscellaneous.............. ..................... 44,149.00
Total audited accounts payable....................... . .................. ......... 2,702,003.54
214. Matured interest_______________________________________________ 10,312,890.45
Total current and accrued liabilities.
$14, 592, 498.95
599, 752.45
126,917, 238. 51
13,014, 893. 99
XII. OTHER CREDITS
220. Consumers’ meter deposits_________________ _________ _____ _____ —....................... 15.00
XIII. DEFERRED AND UNADJUSTED CREDITS
231. Unadjusted credits__ ____ _____________________ _____ ______ _____ _____ ._____ . 128,465.94
XV. APPROPRIATED SURPLUS
251. Appropriated surplus not specifically invested........................ ................ . .............. ............. 585, 517.24
Total liabilities and other credits_________________________________________ _ 126,917,238.51
1 Contra.
90 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Rec la mat io n Tab le 9.—Appropriations and cash statement, Boulder Canyon
project, June 30, 1936
TREASURY CASH
Regular appropriations
N. I. R. A.
allotment Total
N. I. R. A.
Parker-Gila
project
Appropriations and allotments____________
Advances to Colorado River Dam fund____
Balance not advanced_______________
Colorado River Dam fund:
Advanced from appropriation to fund__
Collections deposited in fund__________
Total advances and collections_______
Disbursements by General Accounting
Office
$75,260, 000. 00
61, 277, 358. 70
$38,000,000.00
37, 846, 734. 51
$113, 260, 000.00
99,124,093. 21
$93,000. 00
13,982, 641. 30 153,265.49 14,135,906. 79 —
61,277,358. 70
400,783.42
37,846,734. 51
21,331.15
99,124,093.21
422,114. 57 26. 52
61, 678,142.12 37,868, 065. 66 99, 546, 207. 78 93,026. 52
4,974, 315.63
56, 563, 786. 68
54,245. 70
37,809,058.10
5,028, 561.33
Advances to disbursing officers_________ 94,372,844. 78
Total withdrawals__________________
Balance_________ _ _______________
93, 000. 00
61,538,102. 31 37,863,303.80 99,401,406.11 —
140, 039.81 4, 761.86 144,801. 67 26. 52
Repay collections in transit
Miscellaneous collections in transit 38,399.39 38,399. 39
Treasury cash—Available for expenditures...
Treasury cash—Reserve__
12,161,080. 50
2,000, 000. 00
158,027. 35 12, 319,107. 85
2,000, 000.00
—
Total treasury cash (G. L. 121)_______ 14,161, 080. 50 158, 027.35 14, 319,107. 85 26. 52
DISBURSING OFFICERS’ CASH
Advances and appropriation transfer adjustments_____________________________
Disbursing officers’ disbursements_________
Disbursing officers’ checking balance..
Collections by disbursing officers__________
Collections deposited and appropriation
transfer adjustment___________________
Collections not deposited ___ ___ ____
$56, 574, 020. 57
56,447, 298. 57
$37,815, 687.98
37, 762, 547. 29
$94,389,708. 55
94,209, 845.86
$93,000. 00
67,079.06
126,722. 00
441,777. 79
441,777. 79
53,140. 69
27, 779.75
27, 779. 75
179,862. 69
469,557.54
469,557.54
25, 920.94
26. 52
26.52
Total disbursing officers’ cash (G. L.
122)______________________________ 126,722. 00 53,140. 69 179,862. 69 25,920. 94
Rec lama ti on Tab le 10.—Financial statement, All-American Canal, June 30,
1936
Asse ts and Other Deb it s
I. INVESTMENTS
102. Fixed capital under construction_______________________________ ■_________________ $7,393,107.36
II. CURRENT AND ACCRUED ASSETS
121. Treasury cash:
For advances to Colorado River Dam fund------------------ -------------- $6,500,000.00
N. I. R. A. and Emergency Relief allotment____________________ 10,234,245.26
Contributions—Imperial irrigation district______________________ 4,224.62
Collections in transit--------------------------------------------------------------- 779.25
Total Treasury cash_________________________________________ 16,739,249.13
122. Disbursing officers’ cash__________________________________________ 3,636,503.06
124. Accounts receivable_______________________________________________ 1,665.61
Total current and accrued assets------------------------------------------------------------------ 20,377,417.80
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION 91
Recl ama ti on Ta bl e 10—Financial statement, All-American Canal, June 30,
1936—Continued
As s ets and Other Debi ts —Continued
IV. DEFERRED AND UNADJUSTED DEBITS
141. Clearing and apportionments______________________________________ $8,838.34
143. Field cost adjustments__________________________ j________________ 271,396.68
146. Prepayments_____________________________________________________ 1,231.49
171. Unadjusted debits________________________________________________ 32,488.59
Total deferred and unadjusted debits_______________________________________ $296,278.42
Total assets and other debits_______________________________________________ 28,066,803.58
Liab iliti es and Other Credi ts
X. CAPITAL AND LONG-TERM LIABILITY
205. Long-term liability: U. S. Treasury authorized appropriation. $38, 500, 000.00
161. Less: Authorized but not appropriated_____________________________ 11,500,000.00
Total long-term liability:
205.2 . Appropriated but not advanced_______________________________ 6,500,000.00
205.3 . Appropriated and advanced__________________________________ 20,500,000.00
XI. CURRENT AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES
211. Audited accounts payable:
211.1 Contractors’ earnings—current________________________________ $423,981.89
211.11 Contractors’ earnings—holdback______________________________ 516,733.68
211.2 Labor----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16, 858.17
211.3 Purchases___________________________________________________ 15,574.50
211.4 Freight and express_________________________ 81,018.36
211.5 Passenger fares_______________________________________________ 348.30
211.9 Miscellaneous_______________________________________________ 568.03
Total current and accrued liabilities.
27,000, 000. 00
1, 055,082. 93
XII. OTHER CREDITS
226. Contributed funds—Imperial irrigation district—__ _____________________________ 10,000.00
XIH. DEFERRED AND UNADJUSTED CREDITS
231. Unadjusted credits________________________ ___________________________ $640.82
231.1 Unadjusted credits—Yuma project______________________________________ 469.13
Total deferred and unadjusted credits_____________________________________ 1,109.95
XV. APPROPRIATED SURPLUS
251. Appropriated surplus not specifically invested____________________________________ 610.70
Total liabilities and other credits. 28,066, 803. 58
92 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Recl ama tio n Tabl e 11.—Appropriations and cash statement, All-American
Canal, June 30, 1936
TREASURY CASH
N. I. R. A.
allotment
P. W. A. allotment
Emergency
Relief allotment
Total Regular appropriation
Contributed
funds,
Imperial
Irrigation
District
Appropriations and allotments___________
Advances to Colorado
River Dam Fund____
$6,000,000.00 $3,000,000.00 $11, 500, 000. 00 $20,500, 000.00 $6, 500,000.00 $10,000.00
Balance not advanced_______
6, 500, 000. 00—
Advanced from appropriation___________
'Collections deposited__ 9, 594.43 3, 090. 60 263.19 12,948.22
Total advances,
etc__________ 6, 009, 594.43 3, 003,090.60 11, 500, 263.19 20, 512, 948.22— 10,000. 00
Disbursements by
General Accounting
Office_______________
Advances to disbursing
officers____________
61,164.24
5,198, 703. 36
16.17
1, 518,321.98
497.21
3, 500, 000. 00
61,677.62
10,217, 025. 34
---------- ------
10, 000. 00
Total withdrawals 5,259,867. 60 1, 518, 338.15 3,500,497. 21 10,278, 702.96— 10,000. 00
Balance__________ ____
Repay collections----------
749, 726.83
780. 00
1,484, 752.45 7,999,765.98
*. 75
10, 234, 245. 26
779.25
—
Total Treasury
cash—............ 750,506.83 1,484,752.45 7,999, 765.23 10,235, 024. 51 6, 500,000.00 —.........
DISBURSING OFFICERS’ CASH
Advances and appropriation
transfers___
Disbursing by disbursing
officers..... .............
Disbursing officers’
cash balance_________
Collections by disbursing
officer---------------
Collections deposited.—
Collections not deposited_______
Disbursing officers’
cash balance____
____
$5,198,878.34
4,226,258. 07
$1,518,321.98
970,440.13
$3,500, 000. 00
1,384,000. 06
$10,217, 200. 32
6,580,698. 26
—$10,000. 00
5,775.38
972, 620.27 547,881.85 2,115, 999.94 3, 636, 502. 06 4,224. 62
10,478.91
10,478. 66
3, 090. 60
3, 090. 60
263.19
262.44
13,832.70
13,831.70
— 10, 000.00
10,000.00
.25 .75 1.00—
972,620.52 547,881.85 2,116,000. 69 3,636, 503. 06 ......-...... 4,224.62
Reclama tion Tab le 22.—Irrigation and crop results on Government projects, 1935
94 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Reclama tion Ta b le 22.-—Irrigation and crop results on Government projects, 1935-—Continued
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION 95
98234—36------8
96 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Rec la mat ion Tab le 23.—Summary of crop results on reclamation projects in
1935
(Note .—These detailed figures are limited to crops covered by census on Government
projects proper, excluding all crops in areas served with water under the Warren Act,
but including nonirrigated crops grown on the projects.)
i Bales of 500 pounds each.
Average cropped Yields Crop value
Crop
Total
Percent
of
cropped
Total
Average
per
acre
Average
per
unit
Total
Average
per
acre
Percent
of total
value of
all crops
Cereals:
Barley______________ 75,371 4.7
Bushels
2,869,161 38.1 $0.41 $1,177,909 $15. 65 1.9
Corn_______________ 78, 960
76,295
1, 619
170, 220
4.9 2,077,502 26.3 .58 1,199, 01’6
936,185
11, 745
15.22 1.9
Oats________________ 4.8 3, 001,971
24,683
39.4 .31 12.25 1.4
Rye________________ .1 15.2 .48 7.26 .1
Wheat______________ 10.6 4,921,513 28.9 .75 3,707,964 21.75 5.8
Total_____________ 402,465 25.1 12, 894,830 32.1 . 54J/2 7, 032,819 17. 45 11.1
Seeds:
Alfalfa______________ 25, 551 1.6 83,036 3.2 6.34 525, 621 20.55 .8
Clover______________ 7, 602 .5 33,373 4.4 6.15 205,338 27.05 .3
Other_______________ 29,386 1.8 518, 544 17.7 2.37 1, 227,251 41. 70 2.0
Total_____________ 62, 539 3.9 634,953 10.2 3.13 1,958, 210 31.30 3.1
Hay and forage:
Alfalfa hay__________ 476, 696
7,324
107,304
17, 851
158, 643
444,297
29.7
Tons
1, 441, 060
11, 009
3.0 7.28 10,487,913
52, 695
22. 00 16.5
Clover hay__________ .5 1.5 4. 79 7.20 . 1
Other hay___________ 6.7 155, 829 1.5 9. 20 1,433,758
269,278
13.35 2.2
Corn forage_________ 1.1 70, 270
51,183
3.9 3.83 15.07 .4
Other forage___ _____ 9.9 .3 7. 37 376, 963
2, 703, 599
2. 37 .6
Pasture 27.6 6. 08 4.2
Total__ 1, 212,115 75.5 1, 729, 351 1.4 15,324, 206 12.65 24.0
Vegetables and truck:
Beans___________ 33, 530 2.1
Bushels
660,273 19.7 1.28 847,950 25.30 1.3
Onions______________ 2,672
67,142
1,827
59, 985
.2 845, 523
12,965, 960
197,490
5, 306, 550
316.5 .39 326,161 122. 00 .5
Potatoes, white______ 4.2 193.3 .34 4,439, 361 66. 20 7.0
Potatoes, sweet____ . 1 108.1 .71 140, 336
6,535, 620
76. 70 .2
Truck______________ 3.7 88.4 1.23 108.80 10.3
Total_____________ 165,156 10.3 19, 975, 796 121.1 .61 12, 289,428 74.40 19.3
Fruits and nuts:
Apples______________ 24, 210
3, 738
8,112
1.5
Pounds
355, 395, 675
20, 287,987
79,858, 231
18 958,181
166; 292, 580
20, 823, 919
14, 700 .008 2,927,409 120.75 4.6
Peaches_____________ .2 5,430 .022 442,821
725, 040
118. 50 .7
Pears_______________ .5 9,840 .009 89.40 1.1
Prunes______________ 2,133
11, 839
. 1 8,920
14, 050
.012 233,944 109. 70 .4
Citrus fruit_________ .8 .017 2,919, 266 246. 50 4.6
Small fruit__________ 6, 935
4,276
.4 3, 000
950
.05 1, 041, 895
170, 638
150. 50 1.6
Miscellaneous_______ .3 4, Oil, 069 .04 39. 90 .3
Total_____________ 61, 243 3.8 665,627, 642 10, 850 .013 8,461,013 138.00 13.3
Miscellaneous:
Sugar beets_________ 76,306
132, 693
132, 693
139, 961
4.7
Tons
914, 262
1 128,120
12.0 5.92 5,402,891
8, 652, 647
70. 80 8.5
Cotton______________ 8.3 .96 67. 50 65.20 13.6
Cotton seed_________ 8.3 57, 224 .43 32.10 1, 835,142 13.82 2.9
Other crops.__ 8.7 2, 645,307 18. 90 4.2
Total 481, 653 30.0 18, 535, 987 38. 50 29.2
Grand total, projects_____ 2, 385,171
781, 005
1, 604,166
1, 256,970
Duplication „ ________ 48.6
Total all crops for which
detailed census was
taken 100.0 63, 601,663
43,179, 631
39. 65 100.0
Total Warren Act crops.. 34.35
Grand total ... 2,861,136 106, 781, 294 37. 30
Reclama tion Tab le 24.—Irrigated and cropped acreage and crop values by years, 1906-35
i E stim ated.
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
(Arno B. Camm er er , Director')
Preeminence of the National Park Service as the leader in the
recreational field reached new heights during the year, with the establishment
of new parks, the continuation of the emergency programs,
and the enactment of legislation providing for Nation-wide surveys
of areas of interest from the recreational and educational standpoints.
Increase in the acreage of the national park and monument system
was achieved through the establishment of the new Shenandoah
(Va.) and Mammoth Cave (Ky.) National Parks—the latter for
administration and protection only—and increases in the areas of
several national parks and monuments through boundary adjustment.
Establishment of 11 new national monuments and other historical
areas was authorized by Congress, dependent upon conditions yet to
be met. Primarily, the actual establishment of these new areas depends
upon the acquisition of the necessary acreage by donation
of lands or of funds to purchase them.
Public use of the national parks and monuments has pointed to
the need for an expanded system. Visitors for the travel year ended
September 30, 1935, amounted to 7,676,490, an increase of 21 percent
over the preceding year. Preliminary estimates of travel to the
scenic national parks for the period October 1, 1935, to June 30,
1936, indicate an increase of approximately 28 percent over the same
period last year. As a corollary of this increased travel, the business
of the operators of visitors’ accommodations in the parks shows a
like improvement.
As indicated by the increase in preseason travel, winter use of the
national parks reflected gains along a wide front. All possible encouragement
is given to the development of informal snow and ice
sports in areas suitable for such use, in accordance with the popular
demand. Such sports, however, as in the case of summer amusement,
are restricted to those compatible with the surroundings.
The warm interest in park activities and use displayed by President
Roosevelt on his visit to several areas in the system, notably the Hot
Springs, Abraham Lincoln, and Shenandoah National Parks and
the Colonial National Historical Park, was a source of inspiration to
the local officials, as well as to the Washington office. So also was the
99
100 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
sympathetic interest displayed by the Secretary of the Interior and
other officials of the Department. The cooperation of the Director
of Emergency Conservation Work and of specialists in various other
Federal bureaus was invaluable during this period.
Cooperation furnished by the various emergency recovery organizations
has been an outstanding factor in enabling the National Park
Service to meet the increased demands upon it resulting from increased
use of the parks and the addition of new areas to the system.
Public Works, Emergency Conservation Work, Works Progress, and
the Resettlement Administration made available Federal funds and
adequate man-power, resulting in a wide variety of long-needed
developments throughout the system of national parks and monuments.
Foremost among congressional legislation, affecting the national
parks, was the act providing for the preservation of historic American
sites, buildings, objects, and antiquities of national significance,
which empowers the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a Nationwide
survey of historic buildings and sites and makes it possible for
the Federal Government to acquire those determined to be of sufficient
importance to warrant such action; and the State Park Act,
authorizing a comprehensive study, other than on lands under the
jurisdiction of the Department of Agriculture, of the public park,
parkway, and recreational-area programs of the United States, and
of the several States and political subdivisions thereof, and of the
lands throughout the United States which are or may be chiefly valuable
as such areas, and to aid the States and the political subdivisions
thereof in planning the development of such recreational areas.
Shortly before the close of the last session of Congress, an amendment
authorizing the construction of the Grand Lake-Big Thompson
transmountain diversion project in Rocky Mountain National Park,
was deleted from the Interior Department appropriation bill. Inclusion
of the item in the bill followed the allotment of $150,000 of
Public Works funds to make a survey of the project. Although
the survey had not been completed, the Senate, on March 2, 1936,
adopted an amendment to the Interior Department bill authorizing
construction of the project. Various national conservation organizations
vigorously protested the Senate amendment, upon the basis
that the diversion project would violate the most sacred principle
of national park conservation—that of freedom from commercial or
economic exploitation—and that approval of such a project would
establish a precedent for the commercial invasion of other parks.
The National Park Service also protested the amendment, stressing
the fact that such a project would be an alien and nonconforming
use within a national park. Exhaustive hearings were held by the
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 101
subcommittee of the House Committee on Appropriations in charge
of the Interior Department appropriation bill. The Bureau of Reclamation
is continuing its survey of the project, under the $150,000
Public Works allotment provided for that purpose.
Legislation was enacted authorizing prospecting and mining
within the Glacier Bay National Monument. Numerous conservation
organizations protested the passage of this bill. The mining
operations authorized under the new law are to be subject to such
general regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the
Interior.,
A study has been made to determine the recreational possibilities
at Boulder Dam under which the National Park Service would cooperate
with the Bureau of Reclamation in planning the recreational
developments along Lake Mead, the largest artificial lake ever created,
extending as it does 115 miles behind Boulder Dam. In the
meantime the National Park Service has supervised recreational
development on the lake with Civilian Conservation Corps enrollees.
During the year, following a council meeting of national park
superintendents in Washington, recommendation was made to the
Secretary of the Interior for the regionalization of the National Park
Service. Four regions were recommended, with headquarters in
Richmond, Va.; Omaha, Nebr.; Santa Fe, N. Mex.; and San Francisco,
Calif. Action on this general regionalization was deferred
until fall. Meanwhile, the seven regions through which Emergency
Conservation Work had been administered in the field by the National
Park Service were reduced to four, in aid of economy. These
E. C. W. regions coincide in boundaries with the regions recommended
for general national park regionalization, but the headquarters
of the third region have remained at Oklahoma City, Okla.,
instead of moving to Santa Fe, as proposed in the general plan.
Important steps were taken toward the establishment of international
park and wildlife refuges along the Mexican-United States
boundary, following the authorization by Congress in 1935 of the
establishment of a Big Bend National Park and the recommendation
of the Secretary of the Interior that the Mexican Government be
invited to establish a national park in Mexico, adjoining the proposed
Big Bend Park, the whole to be an international park similar to the
Waterton Lakes-Glacier International Peace Park on our northern
boundary.
Another token of international amity in the field of national-park
administration was the exchange, during the year, of stones from
the summits of the two great inactive volcanoes, Fuji and Rainier.
On October 23, the Superintendent of the Mount Rainier National
Park presented to the Japanese consul at Seattle a volcanic rock that
102 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
had been brought down from the summit of Mount Rainier and encased
in a chest of native cedar. Two days later this stone was en
route on the 4,900-mile journey across the Pacific, arriving in Japan
November 8.
On November 14 mountaineer envoys of the National Park Division
of the Sanitary Bureau of Japan reached the summit of Fujiyama,
which was then covered by early winter snows, and brought
to Tokyo a similar stone which, encased in cherry wood, was presented
to the American Ambassador to Japan and now is en route
to the United States and Mount Rainier National Park. Upon
arrival, it will be placed in the park museum.
In connection with the investigation of park areas along the
southern international boundary, it is my sad duty to record the
tragic automobile accident that occurred at Deming, N. Mex., on
February 25, which took the lives of Roger W. Toll and George M.
Wright.
The loss of these two valued members of the National Park Service
is, in the words of the Advisory Board of the Service, “a major
disaster to the cause of conservation which they so nobly upheld and
furthered” and one that will be felt for many years to come. Their
high ideals, unswerving loyalty, and devotion to principle, added
to a practical knowledge of national park work and sound judgment,
made them outstanding in a group of executives of which the Service
has always been rightly proud. The National Park Service has
gained immeasurably through its association with them, and their
loss is felt in a corresponding degree.
Service officials and personnel also were greatly saddened by the
death on April 19 of Mr. and Mrs. Frederick H. Harvey in an airplane
accident. Mr. Harvey, as vice president of the Fred Harvey
system which operates facilities for visitors at the South Rim of
the Grand Canyon, and chairman of the Western Conference of
the National Park Operators, was not only a warm personal friend
of the many Service people fortunate enough to know him, but he
was also a keen executive, an outstanding civic leader, and a wise
counselor to the National Park Service.
EMERGENCY CONSERVATION WORK
The National Park Service continued to participate in the Emergency
Conservation Work program through supervising Civilian
Conservation Corps activities in the various units of the national
park and monument system in State, county, and metropolitan park
areas, and in the Territory of Hawaii and the Virgin Islands.
On January 15, 1936, the general administration of Emergency
Conservation Work activities in the national parks and monuments,
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 103
which since its initiation had been handled by the Chief Forester
because of the intimate relationship of that program to the protection
of national parks, was, in the interests of economy, transferred
to the Branch of Planning and State Cooperation and consolidated
with the administration of the larger State park Emergency
Conservation Work program.
The largest number of camps operated in the national parks and
monuments during the fiscal year was 117 in November 1935, and
the smallest number was 80 in February and March 1936. The
largest number of State park camps occupied during that period
was 457 in October 1935, and the smallest 345 in June 1936.
Ten Civilian Conservation Corps camps were operated by the
National Park Service in the Territory of Hawaii, one of these in
the Hawaii National Park, and two camps were operated in the
Virgin Islands.
All the emergency work in National and State park areas continued
to receive the closest scrutiny and supervision from experienced
engineers, landscape architects, foresters, wildlife experts, geologists,
archeologists, and historians, in order that no important element of
park values might be disturbed. Under the plan of regionalization
technicians in these various lines were assigned to the four regions
to assist in directing the work in the field.
The National Park Service pays tribute to the Emergency Conservation
Work technicians and to the enrollees of the Civilian Conservation
Corps for invaluable aid given in the protection of the
national parks and in the handling of traffic and guiding of visitors.
Forest-fire prevention and suppression, tree-disease control, sloping
and planting of roadsides, protection of wildlife and of archeological
and geological exhibits, construction of trails, automobile campgrounds,
parking areas, and picnic grounds, and museum and guide
service are among the Civilian Conservation Corps projects that have
done most to maintain national-park standards and values.
WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION WORK CAMPS
During the period December 1, 1935, through June 30, 1936, the
National Park Service cooperated with the Works Progress Administration
by assuming the responsibility for the technical supervision
of the work programs of 41 W. P. A. work camps.
The program was undertaken at the request of the State, county,
and municipal agencies sponsoring the camps and with the concurrence
of the Works Progress Administration. This program provided
an extension of the services rendered to States, counties, and
municipalities by the National Park Service in the conservation of
natural resources and the coordinated and planned development of
104 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
recreational areas for public use. Projects were undertaken on 3
Federal, 22 State, 3 county, and 13 municipal park areas. Although
the National Park Service directed the supervision of this program,
responsibility for actual operation was vested in the Works Progress
Administration.
The Works Progress Administration also requested the National
Park Service to assume responsibility for a beach-erosion project
on the North Carolina coast. At this time a definite project application
is being compiled for the construction of sand fences and
plantings of the resulting dunes.
RECREATIONAL DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS
One of the interesting phases of the expanded program of recreational
development undertaken by the National Park Service, in
cooperation with the State park authorities and State planning
boards, has been the development of 46 land-use projects designated
as recreational demonstration projects. With Resettlement Administration
funds, nearly half a million acres of land were in process of
being acquired, at a cost of approximately $5,000,000 at the close of
the fiscal year. The areas are being developed as Federal projects
through the cooperation of the Resettlement Administration, Emergency
Conservation Work, and Works Progress Administration,
either for addition to the State systems of parks and recreational
areas as concrete demonstrations in the better use of certain rural
lands or for Federal administration in connection with some existing
unit of the national park and monument system.
The 46 projects, located in 24 States, are readily accessible to
30,000,000 people. The majority of the projects are planned for the
organized camp needs of major metropolitan areas. It is expected
that at least 10 organized camps, each with a capacity of from 100
to 125 campers, soon will be in operation.
Wildlife and fire protection work has been initiated on practically
all the areas. Recreational facilities other than the organized camps
that have been developed include picnic areas, trails, and artificial
lakes.
General development programs were prepared for many of these
projects and technical supervision furnished by experts of the
National Park Service.
COOPERATION WITH STATE PARK AUTHORITIES AND
LEGISLATION THEREFOR
The passage of the State Park Act (H. R. 10104) just before the
close of the Seventy-fourth Congress will, it is hoped, be a vital
factor in making possible the continuation of the close relationship
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 105
between the States and the National Park Service already established,
regardless of the extent to which the emergency work may be continued.
Under this legislation the Secretary of the Interior,
through the National Park Service, is authorized to make a
Nation-wide stu{dy of public park, parkway, and recreational programs,
including lands that may be valuable for such purposes, to
the end that an adequate system of recreational areas may be developed,
and to aid the several States and their political subdivisions in
planning such areas. In cooperation with the National Resources
Committee work is now under way upon the preparation of an outline
of procedure to be followed in conducting the survey. Upon
its approval by the Secretary of the Interior the outline will be
taken up with the various Federal agencies concerned and with the
governors and planning boards of the several States.
An important feature of the State Park Act is its recognition of
the principal of regional planning and administration of recreation
areas in which two or more States may be involved, and its authorization
for such States to enter into agreements with one another
with respect to the establishment, planning, improvement, and
maintenance of such areas.
STATE AND MUNICIPAL RECREATION STUDIES INAUGURATED
For the purpose of determining the progress of the local park
movement during the 5-year period ending December 1935, the
National Park Service in cooperation with the National Recreation
Association inagurated a Nation-wide study of municipal, county, and
metropolitan parks. The results of this study should prove of great
value to the park and recreation movement and meet a real demand
on the part of State and local park officials for such up-to-date information.
Aviation and other trends in travel are being studied
in relation to recreational planning.
Preliminary studies are also being macle of the possibility of conducting
an extensive survey of world parks.
LAND CHANGES IN NATIONAL PARK AND MONUMENT
SYSTEM
With the establishment of two new national parks during the year,
the adjustment of boundaries in eight parks and monuments, and
the acceptance of donated lands in connection with the Blue Ridge
Parkway, the total area of lands under the jurisdiction of the National
Park Service on June 30, exclusive of the National Capital
parks, was 15,489,821.73 acres. As of that date there were 26 national
parks, 2 national historical parks, 67 national monuments, 11
106 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
national military parks, 10 battlefield sites, 4 miscellaneous memorials,
11 national cemeteries, and three parkways.
The 692 reservations comprising the National Capital parks, with
an area of 6,986.61 acres, are administered as a separate unit of the
system.
NEW NATIONAL PARKS
Shenandoah National Park, in Virginia, was established on December
26, 1935, when the Secretary of the Interior accepted from the
State of Virginia deeds to 116,429.80 acres of land within the approved
park boundaries. This acreage exceeds the minimum authorized
by Congress by approximately 16,000 acres. Establishment of
the Shenandoah National Park was authorized by act of Congress
approved May 22, 1926, providing for the donation of the lands
within the specified boundaries to the United States in fee simple.
Mammoth Cave National Park in Kentucky, was established on
May 22, 1936, for administration and protection only, upon acceptance
by the Secretary of the Interior of fee simple deeds to 24,538
acres, surface right deeds to 4,185 acres, and cave rights to 635 acres.
World-famous since its discovery, believed to have been about 1797,
Mammoth Cave proper was operated under private ownership until
1930 when it became the property of the State of Kentucky. Establishment
of the Mammoth Cave National Park was authorized by act
approved May 25, 1926.
LAND CHANGES IN EXISTING MEMBERS OF SYSTEM
Net increases to the national park and monument system through
adjustments of boundaries of existing areas amounted to 9,595.579
acres, as follows:
Acadia 'National Park, Maine.—Donation of 1,452.417 acres and transfer of
25.96 acres to the jurisdiction of the Navy Department resulted in increasing
the total acreage of the park to 15,408.907 acres.
Blue Ridge Parkway, Va.-N. C.—Donations of 2,365.84 acres of land, all in
North Carolina, were made for the purpose of making possible the construction
of the Blue Ridge Parkway, to connect the Shenandoah and Great Smoky
Mountains National Parks.
Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, Tenn.-Ga.—Donation
of approximately 3,000 acres increased the total area to approximately 8,533
acres.
Colonial National Historical Park, Vh.—Acquisition of 1,900.47 acres through
donation and purchase resulted in a total area of 6,150.499 acres. The status
of Colonial was changed from that of a national monument to a national
historical park by act of Congress approved June 5, 1936.
Craters of the Moon National Monument, Idaho.—Elimination by act of Congress
of 480 acres left the total area at 49,121.90 acres. The lands were eliminated
to round out the natural boundaries of the monument and to facilitate
administration in connection with grazing.
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 107
Great Smoky Mountains National Park, N. G.-Tenn.—Acquisition by donation
and purchase of 794.95 acres brought the total area of this park to 394,883.30
acres.
Kings Mountain National Military Park, S. 0.—A donation of 40.09 acres of
land, the first to be acquired, was made to the United States for this park.
Morristown National Historical Park, N. J.—Donation of 4.06 acres resulted
in a total area of 957.44 acres.
Rocky Mountain National Park, Colo.—Ry proclamation of March 5, 1936,
1.832 acres were added to the park, making its total area 259,412.832.
STATUS OF NATIONAL PARK AND MONUMENT
PROJECTS AUTHORIZED BY CONGRESS
Big Bend.—Establishment of this proposed park was authorized
by act of Congress, approved June 20, 1935, with the provision that
all lands needed therefor be donated to the Federal Government.
At that time an invitation was extended to the Mexican Government
to cooperate by establishing a park on the Mexican side, the two to
form an international park. The idea appealed to the Mexican Government
and a joint survey of the area was made by commissions
appointed by the two Governments, and tentative boundaries agreed
upon. These include some 800,000 acres in Brewster County, Tex.,
and 700,000 acres in the Mexican States of Chihuahua and Coahuila.
Isle Roy ale.—An allocation of $705,000 from an emergency appropriation
was made for the acquisition of lands within the area of
the proposed Isle Roy ale National Park in Michigan, on which to provide
work for C. C. C. camps. Two such camps have been at work
reducing fire hazards and making limited improvements. These
activities have been carried on in cooperation with the Department
of Conservation of the State of Michigan.
Everglades.—The Everglades National Park Commission, appointed
by the Governor of Florida, is preparing a program to acquire
the necessary lands for conveyance to the United States Government.
Legislation passed at the last session of the Florida Legislature
provides that State lands outside the park may be traded for
privately owned lands within the park area.
Badlands.—The establishment of this monument under the terms
of the authorization of Congress approved March 4, 1929, is contingent
upon acquisition by donation of the private lands and upon the
construction by the State of an approach highway. The State of
South Dakota has completed the highway and has purchased a portion
of the private lands within the authorized boundary. On June
26, 1936, the President approved an act authorizing an extension to
include certain lands adjacent or contiguous to the Badlands National
Monument project, providing the entire monument area does not
exceed 250,000 acres.
108 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Ocvwjdgee.—This national monument was authorized by Congress
in 1934 to preserve Indian mounds of great historical importance,
contingent upon the donation of the lands involved to the United
States. Through the efforts of local citizens of Macon, Ga., a total
of 514.88 acres is contained in the four deeds which have already
been accepted.
NEWLY AUTHORIZED PROJECTS
During the fiscal year Congress approved the establishment of the
following 11 park and monument areas, contingent upon the acquisition,
by donation, of the necessary lands:
Ackia Battleground National Monument, Mississippi.
Andrew Johnson Homestead National Monument, Tennessee.
Appomattox Courthouse National Historical Monument, Virginia.
Fort Stanwix National Monument, New York.
Fort Frederica National Monument, Georgia.
Homestead (Daniel Freeman) National Monument, Nebraska.
Patrick Henry (Red Hill) National Monument, Virginia.
Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial National Monument, Ohio.
Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia.
Spanish War Memorial Park, Florida.
Whitman National Monument, Washington.
PROPOSED ADDITIONS TO THE NATIONAL PARK
SYSTEM
Studies of areas of potential value as national parks and national
monuments, and of desirable extensions to areas already acquired,
were continued during the year. The importance of this work has
been emphasized in the past few years by the need shown for a
thorough plan of use of our natural resources, including recreationalland
use.
At the beginning of the fiscal year, 224 active projects were on the
Service’s list of areas to be investigated as of possible national park
or monument caliber. Preliminary investigations of many of these
areas during the year resulted in a reduction in the list to 156 active
projects. Some of these require further studies and others are awaiting
investigation. The major park and monument projects pending
before the Service, which received consideration or action during
the past year, follow:
Grand Teton extension.—With the close of the Seventy-fourth Congress,
another bill (S. 2972) for the extension of the boundaries of
the Grand Teton National Park, Wyo., failed of passage because of
the complexities surrounding the situation, both as to public and
private interests. No hearings were held by the Senate Committee on
Public Lands and Surveys upon the bill, and the amendments proTHE
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 109
posed thereto by the Department of the Interior. The Department
of Agriculture reported adversely upon the proposed legislation.
As introduced, the bill covering the proposed extension did not
include Jackson Lake Reservoir. Careful consideration by this
Service compels the conclusion that Jackson Lake Reservoir, together
with a small area to the eastward, embracing Emma Matilda
and Two Ocean Lakes, must be included in the extension. The
Teton-Jackson Hole area is a great natural and recreational unit.
Jackson Lake Reservoir lies at the base of the Teton Range. Some
of the finest views of the Tetons are mirrored across it. The protection
of its entire shore line from further scenic impairment and
of the nearby roadway is of vital importance to the park project.
The willow thickets, marshes, and cluster of lakes east of Jackson
Lake are famous grounds for moose, otter, beaver, and wild fowl.
Extension of the boundaries of the park as provided in S. 2972,
with the amendments proposed by the National Park Service, is
necessary to provide a proper setting for, and approach to, the
magnificent mountain range within the present park.
Proposed Kings Canyon National Park.—S. 2289, to establish the
Kings Canyon National Park, Calif., also failed of passage in the
Seventy-fourth Congress.
The Kings Canyon region is one of the superb, unspoiled scenic
areas of our country. Ever since the days of John Muir, there
has been constant effort to save this scenic portion of the Sierra
Nevada from the ordinary forms of commercial exploitation permitted
in a national forest reservation. Previous attempts to establish
the Kings Canyon National Park have failed because of possible
future commercial values of the area. It is evident, however, that
with the recent development of additional hydroelectric power at
Boulder Dam and elsewhere throughout the State, the power resources
of the upper Kings Canyon watershed are not essential to
the economy of the State. The proposed boundaries would exclude
from the park the most valuable reservoir sites as well as the major
portion of the essential grazing lands and hunting territory.
With the construction of a State highway into the Kings Canyon,
the problem of conserving unimpaired the superlative scenic qualities
of the area has become one of major importance. It is believed
that national-park status would provide the only appropriate form
of land use for the Kings Canyon region, which is one of the most
important remaining areas in Federal ownership not yet added to the
national-park system.
Proposed Mount Olympus National Park.—Exhaustive hearings
were held by the House Committee on Public Lands on H. R. 7086,
introduced in the previous session to establish the Mount Olympus
110 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
National Park, Wash., which would include the existing Mount
Olympus National Monument. The committee reported the bill
without amendment and with the recommendation that it be passed,
but it failed in the closing days of the last session of Congress.
The purpose of the proposed national park is to preserve for the
benefit and enjoyment of the people, the finest example of primeval
forest in the Pacific Northwest; to provide suitable range and permanent
protection for the herds of native Roosevelt elk and the other
native wildlife of the area; and to conserve and render available
to the people, for recreational use, these outstanding expressions of
nature in addition to the magnificent mountain scenery and numerous
glaciers of the Olympic Range.
The lands outside of the present monument, which it is proposed
to include within the national park, are at present within the
Olympic National Forest and are administered by the Department
of Agriculture, subject to the logging practices of the United States
Forest Service. Many of the trees within the proposed park area
are centuries old and cannot be replaced once they are cut down.
By giving the area national-park status, these trees would be saved
from logging and would be made available for the inspiration of
the people. The Department of Agriculture reported adversely
upon the project.
The effect of the hearings on the bill proposing establishment of
the Mount Olympus National Park, and the discussions generally,
was to focus attention upon and to determine the appropriate use
and proper administrative responsibility for an area of national-park
quality.
Grand Canyon extension.—A bill (H. R. 12081) was introduced in
the second session of the Seventy-fourth Congress which would
abolish the Grand Canyon National Monument and add approximately
57 percent of its area to the Grand Canyon National Park.
The remaining area of about 118,000 acres of private and public land
is valuable principally for grazing and farming. No action was taken
on the bill.
Hawaii extension.—The extension to the southeast of the Kilauea-
Mauna Loa section of the park would provide for the inclusion of a
shore-line section and might even insure the perpetuation of one of
the few unspoiled native villages that remain on the islands. To
accomplish this extension, H. R. 12306 was introduced in the second
session of the Seventy-fourth Congress. No action was taken on the
bill.
Hot Springs extension.—Public, No. 684, approved June 15, 1936,
provides for a minor extension to Hot Springs National Park so that
adequate entrances may be developed.
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 111
PROPOSED NEW NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND IMPORTANT
MONUMENT EXTENSIONS
National monument projects within the public domain.—Within
the public domain in Colorado, Utah, and Arizona, are five proposed
monuments containing unusual scenery, valuable archaeological relics,
outstanding examples of erosion, and other exhibits of earth forces,
in addition to an interesting assemblage of native plant and animal
life. National monument status has been proposed as the most suitable
and profitable use, to which the areas in question could be put,
as the lands involved are sparsely inhabited and apparently low in
range productivity, mineral content, and in other commonly accepted
commercial resources.
Two of these, the Kofa Mountains and Organ Pipe Cactus projects
in southern Arizona, have been cleared through the Department
of the Interior. Suitable wildlife protection for these two areas,
together with the Green River area mentioned below, is planned in
cooperation with the Bureau of Biological Survey of the Department
of Agriculture. Should these monuments be established, it is
expected that wildlife refuges will be established simultaneously with,
and continous to, them.
Public hearings were conducted by the Division of Grazing and
the National Park Service, in coperation with representatives of
various interests in Colorado and Utah, for the purpose of solving
various grazing problems connected with the other three public-domain
monument projects—the Green River (which would include
the present Dinosaur National Monument), the Escalante, and the
Kolob Canyons areas. It is hoped that these deliberations will provide
a fair and equitable adjustment of all interests concerned so
that the proposed national monuments may be established.
Death Valley extension.—Five small extensions of the Death Valley
National Monument, Calif., to include important springs and to provide
a more complete geographic, biotic, and administrative unit, are
under consideration. Approval has been obtained from the individuals
and organizations that would be most intimately affected by the
proposed boundary adjustments.
'Wupatki extension.—Since the establishment of the Wupatki National
Monument in Arizona, a dozen years ago, to preserve certain
outstanding ruins on two segregated areas, investigations have revealed
the presence of nearly a thousand other prehistoric ruins in
the surrounding region. The plan to extend the monument to include
an area of approximately 52.55 square miles for the protection
of these newly investigated archeological sites already has cleared
through the Department of the Interior, and the Santa Fe Railroad
Co. has generously offered to donate certain sections of the territory
involved.
98234—36------ 9
112 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
Prosecution of work under the various emergency programs
throughout the fiscal year continued to place a heavy burden upon
the engineering and landscape architectural staffs of the Service.
In addition to the work carried on throughout the national park
and monument system, including the National Capital Parks, the
National Park Service through its technical representatives supervised
similar work in State and local park areas, and recreational
demonstration and Works Progress Administration projects in various
regions.
The principal planning and engineering activities of the 12-month
period, ended June 30, may be classified under four large programs:
the Public Works program, the Emergency Conservation Work
program, the Interior Department Appropriation Act for road and
trail construction in national parks and monuments, and the Works
Progress program.
Under the Public Works program, all general development, engineering,
architectural, and landscape plans for $12,000,000 worth
of general physical improvements were prepared; and plans for and
inspections of road and trail projects totaling $27,000,000 in value
were carried out in cooperation with the Bureau of Public Roads.
Similar service was rendered by the engineering and landscape
personnel under the Works Progress program, which included physical
improvements, recreational developments, road and parkway
surveys and construction, and land utilization, to the total extent
of $3,500,000; and also in connection with Emergency Conservation
Work camps in Federal and State areas.
Many projects planned during the preceding fiscal year entered the
construction stage in 1936, and many were completed during the year.
The experience gained during the previous year, and the stabilization
of the engineering, landscape, and architectural staffs, made
possible the production of the best results in the most efficient and
economical manner.
Preparation of master plans for the national parks was continued
as part of the program of advance planning, to embody present and
future physical development of national-park areas in both graphic
and written form. Twenty-eight new master plans were prepared
during the year, making a total of 71 master plans now available for
national-park areas.
Federal construction projects, in addition to highway and parkway
work handled for the National Park Service by the Bureau of Public
Roads, included such varied types of work as the structural design
and technical specifications for improving or constructing buildings,
minor roads and trails, electric elevators, dam and intake structures,
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 113
wharves, docks, sea walls, reservoirs, pumping plants, water supply
and distribution plants, drainage systems, sewerage systems and
sewage-disposal plants, telephone and power lines, cribbing bridges,
retaining walls, and similar projects. In addition, considerable
surveying and mapping of both old and new park areas were
accomplished.
Careful study also was made of all plans and locations for road
work by the Bureau of Public Roads and of all locations and designs
for physical improvements by the park operators in connection with
the furnishing of accommodations to visitors. An increase in this
latter phase of the work was noted during the year, reflecting improved
travel conditions.
PARK-ROAD DEVELOPMENT
The large allotments of Public Works funds and Emergency Relief
Act appropriations for park and monument roads and trails allowed
the continuance of the reconstruction and relocation of park roads
to elevate them to the standards necessary for the concentrated travel
reaching them from transcontinental and other approach highways.
Through an interbureau arrangement the Bureau of Public Roads,
under the direction of its chief, Thomas H. MacDonald, continued
its excellent cooperation in the construction of all major roads in
areas administered by the National Park Service, except Mount
McKinley National Park, where the Alaska Road Commission continued
its satisfactory road program.
In order that the Government’s investment in replacing outmoded
roadways with modern systems of roads be protected, it is imperative
that a well-organized program of road maintenance be adopted.
Study of this maintenance problem is being initiated, the resultant
reports to serve as a basis of estimating the cost of a 6-year roadmaintenance
program.
PARKWAY PROJECTS
The new type of development—that of connecting widely separated
areas by parkways—made marked progress during the year.
Two large-scale projects were continued, the Blue Ridge and the
Natchez Trace Parkways.
On the Blue Ridge Parkway project 13 sections, totaling 120 miles,
and three bridge projects were placed under contract, obligating
approximately $4,500,000 of Public Works funds. Development of
two recreational areas along the parkway under Works Progress
Administration funds was also started. Location work and rigfitof-
way development plans were carried forward as were also preliminary
planting plans. The actual construction of the parkway
is carried on by the Bureau of Public Roads.
114 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
The Natchez Trace Parkway project was allotted $1,500,000 of
Works Progress Administration, funds and plans were prepared and
submitted to the State for more than 25 miles of right-of-way
acquisition. Contract drawings for these sections were 50 percent
complete by the end of the fiscal year.
Field reconnaissances and studies were made of a parkway to
'connect the Shenandoah National Park and the Blue Ridge Parkway
with New England; an extension of the Mount Vernon Memorial
Highway to Wakefield; and parkway connections between Washington
and Gettysburg, and between Great Falls and Harpers Ferry.
HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY
The Historic American Buildings Survey successfully continued
field operations and moved into its third year of cataloging, measuring,
and recording early American structures in the United States
and possessions. When the works program of the Emergency Relief
Administration closed in December 1935, over thirteen hundred
structures had been fully measured and recorded; thousands of
Survey drawings had been reprinted for architectural and historical
libraries; and universities and private architects were adding to the
collection by contributions. In January 1936 the Works Progress
Administration incorporated the Historic American Buildings Survey
in its Federal professional and service program under the technical
direction of the National Park Service. At the end of the
fiscal year a compilation of accomplishments showed that a total
of 2,000 structures had been recorded in 12,000 drawings and 14,000
photographs for all programs.
RADIO COMMUNICATIONS IN PARK ADMINISTRATION
Radio communication continued to be of the utmost value in fire
fighting and observation, and also in park administration. Early
detection of fires, quick control, and direction of fire-fighting forces
by means of the radiotelephone each year save from destruction
forest areas, the scenic and physical value of which are many
times greater than the cost of installing and operating this means
of communication.
Radio sets have been added to the radio-communication systems of
a number of the parks to meet the increasing communication demands
of administration and protection.
HISTORICAL AND ARCHEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS
The fiscal year 1936 saw great strides made in the expansion and
coordination of the historical and archeological programs. Establishment
of a branch of historic sites and buildings on July 1, 1935,
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 115
was followed by the enactment, on August 21, of legislation “to provide
for the preservation of historic American sites, buildings, objects,
and antiquities of national significance.”
Inasmuch as provision for civil-service personnel in connection
with the new branch included only three additional employees, it was
necessary to supplement the staff with Emergency Conservation
Work personnel. Civil-service examinations for positions in the field
of history and archeology have been offered, however, looking toward
the establishment of a more permanent staff.
The passage of the historic sites legislation makes possible, for
the first time in the history of the United States, a broad program of
study and preservation of historic resources throughout the country.
The act authorizes the Secretary of the Interior, after necessary
investigations have been made, to designate as national historic
shrines those historic and archeologic sites possessing exceptional
value in commemorating or illustrating the history of the United
States. Provisions were made for cooperative agreements with States
and with local and private agencies in the development and administration
of historic areas, regardless of whether or not titles to the
properties were vested in the United States. Although funds for the
purchase and restoration of historic properties are contingent on
congressional appropriations, it is expected that contributions made
through the national-park trust fund, established by act of July 12,
1935, will greatly increase the working capital available.
To assist in the formulation of this program, the Historic Sites
Advisory Board was created, composed of eminent authorities in
the fields of history, archeology, and architecture. Its membership
now includes Mr. Edmund H. Abrahams, Dr. Herbert E. Bolton,
Dr. Hermon C. Bumpus, Mrs. Reau Folk, Hon. George de Benneville
Keim, Dr. Alfred V. Kidder, Dr. Fiske Kimball, Dr. Waldo
G. Leland, Mr. Archibald McCrea, Dr. Frank R. Oastler, and Dr.
Clark Wissler.
The Advisory Board in meetings held on February 13 and May 7
crystallized procedure for the acquisition and designation of national
historic sites and formulated policies for cooperation with other governmental
agencies. A list of type sites, illustrating important
phases in the history of the Nation, was submitted with specific
recommendations for the Board’s consideration. Favorable action
was proposed by the Board and approved by the Secretary of the-
Interior on Derby Wharf and vicinity, Salem, Mass.; Harpers Ferry,.
W. Va.; and Old Main Building, Knox College, Galesburg, Ill.
State cooperation in the national program is shown by the proffered
transfer from the State of Virginia to the Department of
the Interior of the Civil War battlefields near Richmond; the donation
of Fort Stanwix by the State of New York; and an appropria116
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
tion of $50,000 by the Massachusetts Legislature for the purchase
of property to be included in the proposed Derby Wharf national
historic site in Salem, Mass. Similarly, properties have been contributed
by other Government agencies, such as the site of Lord
Fairfax’s mansion, “Belvoir”, by the War Department, and the customhouse
in Salem, Mass., by the Treasury Department. Provisions
for the gradual retirement of the Perry Victory Memorial Commission
emphasizes the marked tendency to coordinate the responsibilities
of restoration and preservation under a single administrative
unit.
The National Park Service participated in an important way in
the planning and development of several interesting State historical
projects in cooperation with State historical societies, conservation
commissions, and planning boards. These included the preservation
of such places as Hopewell Furnace, colonial iron-making village
in Pennsylvania; Fort Frederick, masonry fortification surviving
the French and Indian War, in Maryland; Fort Macon, imposing
seacoast defense in North Carolina; Moundville, Ala., one of the
outstanding archeological sites of the southeast; and two mission
restorations in the southwest. These projects mark an important
step forward in cooperation between the National Park Service and
the various States in the preservation of interesting sites which it
would not be possible for the Federal Government to own and
control.
Last year’s annual report carries mention of the legislation providing
for an appropriation of $50,000 with which to make a survey of
the old Indian trail known as the Natchez Trace, with a view to constructing
a national road on this route to be known as the Natchez
Trace Parkway. Studies on the authentic location and history of
the trace were made and incorporated in the Natchez Trace, an Historical
Survey, completed August 1935. Plans for the publication
of this report are now under way.
Particularly significant was the extension of the expanded historical
program into the area west of the Mississippi River, involving
new and additional attention to the historical and educational aspects
of the western national park areas, including the archeological sites
in the Southwest. Investigations were made of a number of important
sites representing significant phases in the history of the West,
in particular those associated with the founding and growth of Oregon,
Washington, and California. Within the regular scope of historical
operations has been brought such work as the restoration of
Mission Espiritu Santo at Goliad, in Texas, and of Mission La Purisima,
near Santa Barbara, Calif. A number of western forts, such
as Fort Lincoln, N. Dak., associated with Custer, Fort Sisseton, in
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 117
South Dakota, and Fort Ridgely, in Minnesota, have been the subject
of planning and development.
Celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the dedication in 1886
of the Statue of Liberty, now administered as a national monument,
has stressed commemoration of its spiritual significance on a Nationwide
and all-year basis. Many leading national organizations have
responded by carrying on programs keyed to the interest of their
local units. Three such organizations have sponsored national contests
and one an international contest.
Except for the reenactment of the dedication planned for October
28, 1936, in which it is expected the President, the Secretary of the
Interior, and the French Ambassador will take part, no ceremonies
are being held at the statue.
As facilities, such as administration and museum buildings, contact
stations, roads, trails, markers, and shelters, have been completed
through Public Works and Emergency Conservation Work
Programs in eastern national historical areas, and as the literature,
ranger-historian service, and museum exhibits—the product of 3
years of intensive work—have reached the stage of complete functioning,
the system of national military areas has come to be one
of the outstanding general groups of historical exhibits in the
world.
NATURALIST ACTIVITIES
Many gains were made in the naturalist program to afford opportunities
to the visitor for understanding and appreciating the
natural features of the parks. Activities along this line were modified
or augmented, as indicated advantageous by past experience.
The effort to secure more mature men as ranger naturalists resulted
in improvement in the program, as it has been demonstrated that
men just out of college lack the background necessary for efficient
nature guides and lecturers. All the major parks now give special
training to newly appointed rangers and naturalists, and in some
parks the bus drivers employed by the transportation lines are
given similar training, to improve the type of information furnished
to the visitor.
As in other lines of national-park endeavor, emergency personnel
made possible extended improvements in educational service to the
public. Emergency Conservation Work, Works Progress, and National
Youth Administration programs all afforded assistance, especially
in the field division of education which is located at Berkeley,
Calif. The Berkeley headquarters also benefited for a short time by
the State emergency relief administration program.
The staff of wildlife and geology technicians appointed to make
careful check of Civilian Conservation Corps activities, for the pur118
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
pose of preventing injury to scientific features and of developing
important research programs productive of basic information essential
to judicious planning, was expanded to meet current needs.
An outstanding measure of cooperation was the award to the National
Park Service of a Yale graduate fellowship for the year
1935-36, to be filled by a regular employee desiring to improve his
ability by further graduate training unhampered by any specified
curriculum. Park Naturalist Frank Brockman, of Mount Rainier
National Park, filled the assignment most satisfactorily. This award
has again been made available to a National Park Service employee
for 1936-37. Such action on the part of Yale University is a stimulus
to the park-naturalist staff to attain high standards of training and
efficiency.
Transfer of the volcano observatory, in Hawaii National Park, and
its volcanologist, Dr. T. A. Jaggar, from the United States Geological
Survey to the National Park Service was effected on July 1, 1935.
Dr. Jaggar, internationally known for his contributions to volcanology,
has been in immediate charge of the observatory since its
establishment in 1912. At the request of the Royal Society of London,
Dr. Jaggar was detailed for 2 months to Montserrat, West Indies,
to study the seismism of that island.
In the national parks the demand for educational aids continues
unabated, as evidenced by attendance records and sales of publications.
Contacts with various naturalist educational facilities passed
the 3,000,000 mark. It is interesting to compare this figure with the
48,156 educational contacts reported in 1920, the season during which
naturalist activities were first inaugurated.
The operation of guided trips to the glaciers and summit of the
mountain by company employees for a fee, whereas trips conducted
by park naturalists are free, long has presented a difficult problem
in Mount Rainier National Park. In order that uniform service
may be furnished in all parks, recommendation has been made that
the Government take over and operate all guided trips in that park.
Great improvement is to be noted in the facilities for evening
gatherings of campers. Fine new outdoor amphitheaters have been
constructed in Rocky Mountain, Sequoia, and Zion National Parks.
NATURAL HISTORY SCHOOLS
The Yosemite School of Field Natural History opened for its
eleventh session in the summer of 1935 with a group of 20 students
from some 10 States in attendance. The class contained 14 men and
6 women, selected from approximately 70 applicants. The twelfth
session convened June 22 and is now hard at work on its 7-week
course. This school is becoming better known throughout the coun_
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 119
try, and men and women of higher background of training and
experience are applying for entrance. Three men of the 1935 class
held degrees as doctors of philosophy.
The junior nature school in Yosemite opened for its sixth season
at the end of June 1935. The increase of interest and worth-whileness
of this effort were shown in the daily attendance. In 1934 there
was an average of 81 children per day in attendance, while last year
the average during the first week was 125 per day. The seventh
session, now in progress,* commenced June 29.
The fifth annual volcano session of the University of Hawaii summer
school was held in the summer of 1935 at the Volcano House in
Hawaii National Park. Nine courses of study were offered by 6
instructors and 84 students were registered. The instructors in the
volcano session again cooperated with the national-park staff in
putting on a series of evening lectures, and the naturalist service
contributed to the instruction work.
LIBRARY DEVELOPMENTS
Libraries in the parks continue to grow. It is a pleasure to report
considerable activity in improved housing and in classifying and
cataloging. All books in the Washington office have been carded and
indexed. A trained librarian has brought the Sequoia library into
proper working condition. Hawaii has added more than 500 cards.
It can be reported that practically all reference libraries have added
many items through purchase and donation and have improved their
catalogs. A special committee on national park libraries continues
to function under the American Library Association
NATURAL HISTORY, MUSEUM, AND LIBRARY ASSOCIATIONS
In most major parks a natural history or museum and library association
has grown up as a helpful organization able to finance and
promote the educational and research program in a park in ways
not open in Government operation. Legal status for such nonprofit
organizations has now been procured and their positions materially
strengthened, making possible additional programs of this type.
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND DISCOVERIES
Much valuable information was gathered in the parks as the
result of cooperation with other scientific agencies and institutions,
such as the United States Geological Survey, Carnegie Institution of
Washington, and National Geographic Society. Dr. N. E. A. Hinds,
of the University of California, continued his study of Algonkian
rocks in the Grand Canyon, and studies of the Archean rocks were
continued by Drs. Maxson and Campbell, of the California Insti120
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
tute of Technology, who examined new areas by means of a boat.
Glacial movements were recorded in cooperation with the International
Geophysical Union. Dr. H. E. Gregory conducted geological
studies in Bryce Canyon. Dr. Levi Noble continued research
studies in Death Valley National Monument, which contains a myriad
of complex geological examples. Dr. Howell Williams, under
a grant from the Carnegie Institution of Washington, began a
thorough study during the summer of 1936 of the volcanology of
Crater Lake National Park. Dr. Warren D. Smith, of the University
of Oregon, and Dr. David Griggs, of Harvard University, also
conducted studies of the geological features of this park. Dr. Erzsebet
Koi, privatdocent of botany, Szeget, Hungary, under an award
from the International Federation of University Women, is making
a study of the algae causing pink and green snow and is planning
to visit the western parks and Alaska where these algae, living in
snow, might be found.
Summer field parties were sent to the national parks by the International
Geophysical Union, Princeton University, Clark University,
California Institute of Technology, Western Research University,
University of Colorado, Transsylvania College, Miami
University, and Mississippi State College.
In addition many other geological activities were carried on, as
reported in the following section.
ENLARGED GEOLOGICAL PROGRAM
Through the appointment of 21 geologists under the Emergency
Conservation Work organization it was possible to work out programs
for the preservation of the geological features of the national
parks and monuments; to prepare descriptive material and make
recommendation for trail locations which will lead to the appreciation
of these features by the public; and to furnish technical advice concerning
problems of economic and engineering geology pertaining to
the emergency program.
An outstanding result of the work of these geologists was the preparation
of 35 detailed geological reports on existing and proposed
National and State park areas, 284 brief summaries of the geology
of such areas, and 60 reports on specific developmental projects.
Among the notable achievements of geologists on the Service staff
not previously reported were the following:
1. Excavation project at Fossil Cycad National Monument, revealing
the presence of hundreds of specimens in place, justifying the
retention of the area by the Federal Government as part of the
national park and monument system.
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 121
2. Discovery of a new habitat of prehistoric man in the Longhorn
Caverns State Park, Tex.
3. Excavation, under the guidance of geologists of the National
Park Service, of fossil dinosaur skeletons at the Dinosaur National
Monument. This exhibit, when completed, will not only show the
bones in place but will contain reconstructions of these ancient
monsters.
4. Discovery at the Petrified Forest National Monument of a stump
and root system, about 15 feet in length, of a petrified tree entombed
in a vertical position with leaves and cycad cones buried at its base.
This, together with smaller samples unearthed, indicates that some
of the trees grew within the boundaries of the present national
monument, contrary to the older theory of growth elsewhere and
drift.
5. Development of fossil exhibits on the Kaibab and Bright Angel
Trails in the Grand Canyon, showing examples of extinct plants
and animals in situ.
6. Display of fossil ginkgo trees, found entombed in lava flows of
the Northwest.
7. Formation of a policy regarding cave development designed to
prevent overdevelopment and consequent injury to cavern features
of the parks.
8. Accumulation of geological evidence, which will be submerged
by completion of Boulder Lake, for museum display.
9. Operation of seismograph at Lassen Volcanic National Park
taken over by National Park Service.
10. Preparation of 6 reels of talking motion pictures illustrating
general geological processes, and of 10 relief models showing the glacial
history of New York State, and collection of geological specimens
for museum and trail-side display.
New discoveries of geological data are being constantly made, the
full value of which can be determined only as the investigations
proceed.
COOPERATION WITH THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Arrangements were consummated with the United States Geological
Survey for the assignment of some of its especially trained geological
personnel to the study of specific problems, some of which are
listed below:
1. Glacial history of Sequoia and Yosemite National Parks, now
being studied by F. E. Matthes.
2. Reconnaissance of proposed Big Bend Park area made by C. P.
Ross.
122 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
3. Problems of shore-line erosion and sand fixation at the Cape
Hatteras State Park, investigated by C. Wythe Cooke.
4. The services of Dr. Herbert E. Gregory obtained for a reconnaissance
geological investigation of the Colorado Plateau area and
to report specifically on all areas in the region in which the National
Park Service is interested.
MUSEUM DEVELOPMENTS
Interpretation of certain phases of the American scene by the museum
method constitutes an enterprise of enormous proportions.
With emergency funds as the structural foundation for expansion,
museums in national parks made significant strides in 1’935 and 1936.
Prior to allotment of Public Works funds there existed 27 museums
in 21 areas administered by the National Park Service; there are
now 53 museums in 44 national parks and monuments. More than
70 percent of the allotment was expended in employing workers on
these projects. The four central laboratories at which the preparation
work for these museums is done are located at Berkeley, Calif.;
Morristown, N. J.; Fort Hunt, Va.; and Washington, D. C., and
are largely operated by Emergency Conservation Work and Works
Progress funds.
In order to achieve a concerted representation of needs of the
museums, a definition of responsibilities and confirmation of stated
relationships of the Museum Division were executed on December 2,
1935. This centralization of museum duties gave the group concrete
classification and embodied the various National Park Service
museum activities into a closely allied unification of work.
During the year exhibit plans were completed, approved and placed
in work for Vicksburg, Shiloh, and Chickamauga-Chattanooga National
Military Parks, Hot Springs National Park, and Colonial
National Historical Park in the East.
For the West exhibit plans were drawn up and approved for
museums in Aztec Ruins, Bandelier, and Devils Tower National
Monuments, and Rocky Mountain (Fall River Pass), and Wind
Cave National Parks. In addition, considerable work has been accomplished
in connection with plans for State park museums.
Each museum is designed to meet a special need. The exhibit
schemes, devised by historians, curators, and artist preparators, limn
in skillful and dramatic manner a story of particular portent in
Americana. The old ideal of curios and scientific collections is left
behind, and in its place is a careful series of devices charged with
dynamic facts for minds peculiarly receptive to informational impulses
at the time.
Another major project is the museum for the new Interior Department
Building. The contents of the exhibits will have the speciTHE
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 123
fied result of delineating, in vivid and artistic style, the manifold
relationships of the various departmental bureaus to the citizen in
the course of his life.
This year saw an ever-increasing demand for National Park Service
exhibits to find place in expositions. Among the more important
expositions accommodated were the Texas Centennial, San Diego
Exposition, and the Great Lakes Exposition.
WILDLIFE PROTECTION
Biologists of the National Park Service during the year participated
actively in many conservation meetings, notably the North
American Wildlife Conference and affiliated State wildlife federation
meetings, meetings of the American Fisheries Society, American
Ornithologists’ Union, and the American Society of Mammalogists,
State Civilian Conservation Corps educational advisers’ conferences,
and various conferences of State game officials and sportsmen’s
organizations.
The restoration of wildlife has been greatly aided by conservation
measures taken through the Emergency Conservation Work organization.
Wildlife sanctuaries have been rebuilt and streams restocked
with fish, and numerous rearing pools built by the Civilian Conservation
Corps enrollees in cooperation with Federal and State organizations.
A number of biological research projects, mostly to evolve practical
management plans, were undertaken or continued. The study of bighorn,
its habits and status, was continued in western parks and monuments.
A faunal survey was made at Lava Beds National Monument
with recommendations for extension of boundaries to insure protection
to native fauna as well as to archeological material. At Mount
Olympus National Monument the life histories of deer, elk, and
cougar were studied. The Yosemite National Park pack and saddle
horse range problem has been studied, and recommendations were
made for future management to avoid undue competition with wildlife.
An intensive study of the flora of Great Smoky Mountains National
Park has continued. Already, some 3,000 plant specimens,,
representing approximately 2,000 species, have been collected in the
park. Investigation of the fauna and flora of the Big Bend National
Park project occupied the time of two observers for a month; this
research is being continued during the present field season with special
emphasis on the plants and mammals. Many other studies have been
made, including winter deer foods of Wilderness State Park, Mich.,,
the ivory-billed woodpecker in central Louisiana, birds of White
Sands National Monument, N. Mex., coat colors of three squirrels of
the Grand Canyon region, amphibians of the Great Smoky Moun124
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
tains, and deer and caribou of northern Minnesota. Results of some
of this research have been published in technical and scientific journals.
A bird and mammal check list was in course of preparation for
all the national parks in the United States and Alaska, the section
dealing with birds being brought practically to completion.
Research areas for the study of native biota have been established
in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. At Sequoia reserves
have been set up for the preservation of the fisher and golden trout.
A research area at Pinnacles National Monument will give special
protection to, and facilitate scientific study of, the duck hawk and
other nesting raptorial species of birds in the monument.
ACTIVITIES IN FISH CONSERVATION
A very definite fish cultural policy for the national park system
was developed. This policy conforms with the general policy of the
national parks, which emphasizes the importance of perpetuating
native fauna, and will also tend to improve fishing in park waters.
Native species will be protected from the introduction of exotics in
all waters where the latter have not already been planted, and will be
favored in all other park waters where they are of equal or superior
value from the standpoint of fishing.
Surveys have been made of many lakes and streams of national
parks and monuments and the data filed for future use in restocking
programs. A major activity of the supervisor of fish resources has
been in connection with exploration of sites for a proposed hatchery
for Glacier National Park, for which an allotment of funds has been
made. Technical advice on fish problems, especially the elimination
and prevention of future ingress of exotic species of fish in Yellowstone
National Park, has been given administrative officers of the
various areas.
During the past year, nearly 60,000,000 trout eggs were collected
within the national parks. About 50 percent of the fish hatched from
these eggs were distributed to waters of various States. Increased
fishing demanded increased planting and, accordingly, over 30,000,000
fish were planted in national parks and monuments. A hatchery
building was constructed at Greaty Smoky Mountains National Park,
together with rearing ponds for the propagation of trout. Full cooperation
has been given by the Bureau of Fisheries and State game
and fish departments.
ANIMAL REDUCTION PROGRAM
It was necessary to carry out the reduction of elk for a second
year in Yellowstone National Park and vicinity during the winter
of 1935-36, and 2,933 head were removed from the northern range.
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 125
This work was undertaken by the park staff with the full cooperation
of the Montana Fish and Game Commission. Hunting was
allowed in Park County, Mont., and over 2,000 elk were killed by
hunters. Some deaths occurred from natural causes or accident, but
most of the remainder were live-trapped and shipped to Indian
agencies and the Idaho State game department. After the reduction
had been accomplished, a census of elk in the northern Yellowstone
herd showed that there was a total of 10,281 animals remaining
on the range.
In accordance with the established policy to maintain the number
of bison of Yellowstone National Park within the carrying capacity
of their range, 109 were removed alive. Ninety of these were
shipped to the Crow Indian Agency and 10 to the Pine Ridge Agency
for restocking purposes, and the remainder were sent to zoos.
SANITATION IN THE PARKS
Continued efforts were made, in cooperation with the Public
Health Service, to safeguard the health of the nearly 8,000,000
visitors to the national parks and monuments through the installation
and operation of proper sanitary facilities and the inspection
of all such facilities to guard against inadequacy and deterioration.
In the main, the largest sanitary problems, particularly in connection
with water-supply development and sewage disposal, have
been solved; but constant vigilance was necessary to maintain the
requisite health standards.
As last year, the greatest sanitary problems were presented in the
newer eastern areas. In the newly established Shenandoah and
Mammoth Cave National Parks, studies were made and plans drawn
up for sewage-disposal projects and for the development of water
supplies. Inspections and plans also were made for similar facilities
in some of the eastern military and other historical parks;
the special problems, such as mosquito control and study of conditions
at swimming pools, were given attention.
Advice also was rendered, through Public Health Service channels,
to officials associated with sanitation in State parks and Resettlement
Administration areas.
PUBLICATIONS AND PUBLICITY
The situation concerning the printing requirements of the National
Park Service remains much the same as at the close of the last fiscal
year. Printing funds are totally inadequate to meet the demands
upon the Service for the issuance of information circulars and other
publications. By the close of the fiscal year the supplies of the
majority of information circulars for 1936 were practically ex126
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
hausted, with the greater part of the summer season still ahead, to
say nothing of the winter season which is assuming important proportions
in national-park administration. Keen concern has been
expressed by the Advisory Board, appointed under the historic-sites
legislation, over the inadequacy of the printing funds available.
During the year, through the use of regular printing funds, 650,-
000 circulars of information for free distribution were printed at
the Government Printing Office, and also a special scientific publication
entitled “Plants of Yellowstone National Park”, which sells
for 25 cents a copy. A reprint of Research and Education in the
National Parks was issued, as well as three guide leaflets on Grand
Canyon National Park.
Information to the public also was augmented by the issuance of
motorists’ guides for Crater Lake, Mount Rainier, Yellowstone, Yosemite,
and Rocky Mountain National Parks, and for Waterton-Glacier
International Peace Park, for distribution to autoists in those
parks.
Copy for a new publication, Glimpses of Eastern Historical Areas,,
was prepared, edited, and sent to the Government Printing Office
shortly before the close of the year. This, when published, will be
the first printed material issued by the National Park Service on the
historic areas transferred to its jurisdiction under the consolidation
of Federal-park activities during the summer of 1933.
Through the cooperation of the Director of Emergency Conservation
Work, reprints of Glimpses of Our National Parks and the
National Parks and Emergency Conservation Work were authorized
and are now under way at the Government Printing Office. Another
publication, entitled “Ferns and Flowering Plants of Isle Royale”r
also is being printed at the Government Printing Office and will
probably be ready for distribution by the end of the year.
A report of the work of the Historic American Buildings Survey
was printed from emergency funds available for the prosecution of
the project, and a report on the elimination of pollution of Rock
Creek was published with funds available for the survey of this
project.
Two other publications made possible through emergency funds
were Park Structures and Facilities and Recreational Demonstration
Projects. The former is a signal contribution to park work generally
and meets the grave need for a medium through which to communicate
standards for park architecture to the many agencies called upon
to initiate structural programs in parks under the Emergency Conservation
Work program. Its 246 pages of photographs, drawings,
and comments focus on appropriate and recommended park structural
practices. Printed in an edition of only 2,350 copies, available
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 127
for distribution in November 1935 within the Service and to cooperating
Federal and State agencies, it already has exerted a marked
and beneficial influence on the character and practicability of park
buildings over a wide area. Another edition, more comprehensivein
scope, is now in preparation. The recreational demonstration
projects booklet illustrates graphically, through the project at Chopawamsic,
Va., the work being done in this line of emergency endeavor.
The naturalist and wildlife staffs have been unusually prolific in
preparing records and comprehensive scientific papers. Publications
dealing with educational activities in the Civilian Conservaton
Corps camps include an outline of a course on the conservation
of natural resources which was furnished to the United States Office
of Education and a technical circular regarding the construction of
relief models, which was supplied to the camps to furnish useful
employment during inclement weather and to supply a demand for
relief models to be used for display purposes.
Historians of the Service, in addition to preparing material for
the pending new publication, Glimpses of the Eastern Historical
Areas, also prepared copy for seven informal leaflets on the historic
areas under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service. These
and a number of other small pamphlets were published by the rotaprint
method through the Department’s Miscellaneous Service Division
and were of great aid in furnishing information to the public.
POSTERS
The poster method of calling attention to the availability of the
National and State parks as vacation areas was continued, six posters
being issued during the year. As in the past, only limited editions
could be printed, using emergency funds. Because of the popular
and educational interest in poster displays, funds for an expanded
poster program should be made available.
RADIO BROADCASTS
The broadcasting program of the Service for the first time this
year took the form of dramatization. Through the courtesy of the
National Broadcasting Co. a series of 13 programs, covering the
major western parks, was broadcast over a national hook-up during
the spring months. A marked increase in the demand for park
publications followed the initiation of this program.
Radio script on scientific subjects also was prepared by the Service
for issuance to independent stations throughout the country indicating
a desire for such script. There has been an increasing demand
for this material, and a number of the independent stations also used
the script of the dramatized programs. In this connection it is
98234—36------ 10
128 REPORT OF TRIE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
interesting to note the request for copies of each of the 13 dramatized
versions for use by 54 colleges.
The National Park Service also cooperated with the United States
Office of Education in the preparation of scripts for broadcasts on
natural-history subjects which were exemplified in the national parks,
and script also was prepared in the E. C. W. regional offices of the
National Park Service.
In addition, numerous officers of the Washington office and the field
appeared on national and local programs by direct invitation of the
broadcasting companies or of commercial programs.
Before the close of the fiscal year arrangements had been completed
for the broadcasting of the dedication, on July 3, of the Shenandoah
National Park by President Roosevelt and Secretary Ickes,
over Nation-wide hook-ups of the two main broadcasting companies.
PRESS RELEASES AND OTHER NEWSPAPER AND MAGAZINE
PUBLICITY
During the year approximately 270 statements on national-park
activities were prepared in the Washington office for release to the
press, either through the Secretary of the Interior or the Director of
Emergency Conservation Work. These covered broad phases of
national-park work or policy matters. Other matters of interest primarily
sectional or local were covered in releases direct from the
national parks and monuments or from the E. C. W. regional offices.
In addition, a large amount of special material was prepared by
request, for publication in encyclopedias, magazines, and newspapers
throughout the country, and an even greater volume of material was
furnished special writers to form the basis of such articles. On an
average, two or three such requests from feature writers or newspaper
correspondents were received each week at the Washington office.
LECTURES
In addition to the lectures given in the national parks and monuments
as part of the educational program, the Washington office arranged
for a series of 14 free lectures, open to the public generally,
in the Interior Department Auditorium and the new United States
Government Auditorium, on subjects relating or allied to the national
parks and monuments. Most of the speakers on this series were local
or visiting field scientists or technical advisers on the Service staff.
In addition, the National Park Service was enabled, through a cooperative
arrangement, to offer to several schools and other organizations,
26 lectures on certain national parks of the southwest. Several
members of the Service staff also devoted a large amount of their
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 129
personal time to giving talks on national-park subjects to schools and
other organizations in and near Washington, D. C. The field for this
type of service is limited only by the personnel and funds available
for such work.
VISUAL EDUCATION
Visual-instruction activities, formerly administered by the National
Park Service, were merged with a Department motion-picture division.
Demand for photographs, films, and slides has greatly increased,
and it is fortunate that the emergency program has made
possible considerable additions to the film and slide library.
FOREST PROTECTION AND FIRE PREVENTION
The allotment for forest protection and fire prevention for the
fiscal year 1936 under the regular appropriation permitted allotments
to the parks sufficient to meet only the barest needs for fireprotection
personnel and equipment. As in the preceding fiscal year,
all forest protection improvements, insect and tree-disease control,
and type-mapping activities were financed from the emergency appropriation.
The forest-protection accomplishments of the past year are,
therefore, largely represented in the report of the Emergency Conservation
Work program. That program made possible a continuance
of the forest-protection-development projects within the national
parks and monuments far in advance of what would have been possible
under normal appropriations.
FOREST-FIRE PROTECTION
The western national parks and monuments, despite adverse fireweather
conditions and greatly increased public use, established a
very creditable fire record for the season of 1935. The number of
man-caused fires in the western parks was the smallest recorded for
any of the past 5 years, while lightning fires showed a marked increase.
The total number of fires in the western parks was approximately
the same as the average for the past 5 years, and the acreage
burned was the least for the past 8 years. Glacier National Park,
with 1,446 acres burned, suffered the most damage. This was almost
entirely due to two fires—Waterton and Chief Mountain.
Incendiary fires fortunately are of rare occurrence in the western
national parks and monuments, but they constitute the foremost cause
of conflagrations in the eastern parks, especially in the Mammoth
Cave area. This is due largely to the private lands within these
eastern areas, occupied by local residents and squatters who make a
practice of using fire for clearing land for cultivation and for grazing
purposes. As the private land situation is cleared up in these eastern
130 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
park areas, this trouble will in all probability diminish and, it is
hoped, eventually be eliminated.
Annual fire statistics for the calendar year 1935 are given on
pages 149.
As a means of improving fire detection and fire dispatching, largescale
panoramic photographs were taken during the year from 110
fire lookout stations and observation points within the national parks.
These photographs, with orientation marked thereon, permit the
protection personnel to visualize the area in which a lookout reports
a forest fire, thus affording a much better understanding of topography
and cover in the vicinity of the fire.
Some much needed fire equipment was procured during the past
year, including five pick-up trucks equipped with water tanks and
booster pumps for use with suppression squads. There is still a great
need for additional fire equipment in many of the parks, particularly
for modern fire trucks equipped with water tanks, pumpers, and hose.
INSECT CONTROL
Although insect-control work has been carried on by the C. C. C.
in many of the western parks and monuments, there are still numerous
insect epidemics in a number of the parks. The two most
threatening are the mountain-pine-beetle epidemic, which has swept
from adjacent forest areas into the subalpine forests of Yellowstone
and Grand Teton National Parks in such intensity that control is
futile, and the needle-miner infestation in the lodgepole-pine forests
of Yosemite National Park, which threatens much of the subalpine
forest of that park. The Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine
is cooperating with the Service in carrying on investigative
and experimental work for the control of the needle miner in
Yosemite, and in studies and technical advice relating to insect
manifestations in numerous other parks.
The situation in Yellowstone is further complicated by a very
serious winterkilling of the foliage of coniferous trees over several
thousand acres. Whether these trees will recover is not yet definitely
known.
In the Southwest an epidemic of Ips, threatening the pinon pine,
was brought under control in Mesa Verde National Park and Colorado
National Monument. The Black Hills beetle, which was so
destructive several years ago, has again made its appearance on the
North Rim of Grand Canyon and in Bryce Canyon, as well as on
the adjacent national forests, and should receive prompt attention.
Spraying to control the western tent caterpillar on deciduous trees
has been continued with success in all parks and monuments affected.
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 131
BLISTER-RUST CONTROL
No new blister-rust-control projects were initiated during the past
year, but control operations were continued in Mount Rainier,
Acadia, and Shenandoah National Parks. The work in all three
areas was accomplished by C. C. C. enrollees.
TREE PRESERVATION AND REPAIR
During the year the important trees in 10 national cemeteries,
3 national parks, 11 national military and historical parks, 2 national
monuments, and 1 national battlefield-site were given complete
care from the standpoint of pruning, bracing, spraying, and root
treatment, and trees of greatest importance were given special cavity
treatment and lightning protecting by the specially authorized
E. C. W. itinerant tree-preservation crew and C. C. C. personnel.
Work of a similar nature was accomplished in National Capital
Paries by an allotment of P. W. A. funds. The Service published
seven bulletins on several phases of tree preservation. Two additional
high-powered sprayers were purchased for use at Acadia
National Park for insect control. A special allotment of E. C. F.
made possible a successful attack on the Morristown National Historical
Park cankerworm infestation when an autogiro was used
to spray a forest area—probably the first time an autogiro was so
utilized.
TYPE MAPPING
For the purpose of obtaining a detailed inventory and map of
vegetation of the parks for use in planning protection, development,
and use of the areas, the preparation of vegetative type maps was
continued. Approximately 5,596,000 acres have been mapped to date,
of which 2,201,000 acres were mapped during the past fiscal year.
During the preparation of these vegetative type maps, complete
herbaria of all plants found have been prepared and new plants added
in the park-museum material. A detailed check list and description
of plants is being prepared. Several hundred new plants have been
identified. In Grand Canyon National Park alone over 200 species
have been identified which had not previously been reported in that
area.
FIRE PROTECTION FOR BUILDINGS
The fire-protection engineer made fire-hazard inspections of buildings
at Glacier, Mount Rainer, Yellowstone, Sequoia, Yosemite, and
Great Smoky Mountains National Parks. Supplementary inspections
were made at Colonial National Historical Park and Gettysburg National
Military Park. The review of plans for buildings and water
systems with reference to fire-protection requirements was active dur132
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
ing the year. One of the special activities of the fire-protection engineer
is a study of the accident-prevention problem which is being
considered by an interbureau committee appointed by the Secretary
of the Interior, of which the fire-protection engineer is chairman.
ACCOMMODATIONS FOR THE PUBLIC FURNISHED BY
PRIVATE CAPITAL
The long-established policy of the Department in regard to concessions
for the accommodation of the public in the national parks
was continued and further developed during the 1936 season. New
operators were installed in several of the smaller areas recently transferred
to the jurisdiction of the National Park Service. Negotiations
at the present time are under way for the granting of a concession
contract to one large, well-financed operator to handle all
accommodations for the public within the newly established Shenandoah
National Park.
The upward trend in the business of the park operators continued.
With this increase in business, further improvements in facilities
were under way as the fiscal year closed. The Utah Parks Co. is
replacing the fine lodge building on the North Rim of the Grand
Canyon which was destroyed by fire on September 1, 1932. Changing
conditions in Yellowstone National Park have rendered necessary
a consolidation of four park operators, the Yellowstone Park Hotel
Co., the Yellowstone Park Transportation Co., the Yellowstone Park
Lodge and Camps Co., and the Yellowstone Park Boat Co. The first
definite result of this consolidation has been the approval of plans
for a new lay-out at Mammoth Hot Springs which will comprise in
one unit a variety of services ranging from first-class hotel service
down to the simplest, most informal of cabin accommodations. In
establishing this new lay-out, all of the old Mammoth Hotel structure,
except the modern dining room unit and the modern hotel
room unit, is being razed, and as soon as the new cabin buildings are
erected the old Mammoth Lodge building and surrounding cabins
will be demolished.
Increase in business in Yellowstone, combined with a change in
type of accommodations demanded, resulted in an overflow of visitors
desiring cabin accommodations at Old Faithful and the Canyon, while
at the same time the Old Faithful and Canyon Hotels were not being
used to capacity, the Mammoth Hotel was little used, and the Lake
Hotel had not been opened at all. To meet this unbalanced use of
existing facilities, the park operator, at the suggestion of the Service,
reduced the differential between the lodge and hotel rates for the
regular 3%-day all-expense tour to $2. As a consequence, at the
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 133
close of the first month’s operation during the 1936 season the house
count of the hotels had more than doubled and the hotel revenues
had increased almost to the same degree.
With the increased use of air-cooled equipment on transcontinental
railroad lines and with increased use of busses and airplanes to reach
the national parks, there has been a noticeable increase in the transportation
within the parks. With this increased usage of transportation
equipment, the operators in Yellowstone, Glacier, Yosemite, and
Rocky Mountain National Parks have embarked on a program of
replacing obsolete motor equipment with new and up-to-date busses.
The operation by private concessioners of the dock at Colonial
National Historical Park and the concession building at Shiloh
National Military Park, both recently constructed by the Government,
was begun.
A policy was established under which the milk sold in any park
or monument must be handled under sanitary requirements at least
equal to the laws and regulations of the State in which the park or
monument is located.
Cooperation and active participation were continued in the management
of the concession operations of the Welfare and Recreational
Association of Public Buildings and Grounds, Inc., Washington,
D. C., and the Mammoth Cave Operating Committee at Mammoth
Cave National Park, Ky., the nonprofit distributing agencies furnishing
accommodations for the public under the National Capital
Parks and at Mammoth Cave National Park, respectively. It is
interesting to note that the 1935 gross income of the Welfare and
Recreational Association of Public Buildings and Grounds, Inc., was
$1,903,077.19, as compared with $1,460,081.30 for 1934, with an increase
in profits from $99,852.32 to $157,941.16. The gross income
from the hotels and caves in Mammoth Cave National Park for 1935
was $166,888.45, with a net profit of $65,442.71. The Mammoth Cave
profits are donated to the United States for the purpose of additional
land purchases to complete the Mammoth Cave National Park, and
in the case of the Welfare and Recreational Association of Public
Buildings and Grounds, Inc., one-half of the net profits accrue directly
to the Government as revenue with the remaining half being
used for welfare and recreational purposes within the District of
Columbia.
Committees composed of representatives of the Western Conference
of National Park Operators and the National Park Service were
appointed on April 3, 1936, to study problems connected with auto
camps in the parks and to consider possible methods of reducing
existing building costs in park areas.
134 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
NATIONAL CAPITAL PARKS
At the end of the fiscal year the National Capital parks system
comprised 692 reservations totaling 6,986.61 acres. Of these reservations
690, totaling 5,604.11 acres, were located within the District
of Columbia and 2 reservations, totaling 1,382.50 acres, were located
in nearby Maryland and Virginia. The total acreage in Virginia was
1,155.01 and Maryland 227.49. This represents an increase of 55.59
acres during the fiscal year.
A bill was introduced in Congress to grant authority for the National
Capital parks to assume jurisdiction, for the purposes of maintenance
and operation, over the Chopawamsic recreational area, now
in an advanced stage of development as a National Park Service-
Resettlement Administration project. This area, located approximately
40 miles from the District of Columbia boundary between
Quantico and Chopawamsic Creeks in Virginia, will ultimately comprise
approximately 15,000 acres of land suitable for recreational
usage. Work now in progress in the area will adapt it to camping
and conservation purposes. At the end of the fiscal year two camps,
one for boys and one for girls, were ready for occupation by underprivileged
groups from the District of Columbia.
The record flood of the Potomac River occurring on March 18-19
necessitated the construction of an emergency flood control dike in
West Potomac Park and extending into the Washington Monument
grounds. The dike, constructed by the personnel of National Capital
parks with the assistance of Works Progress Administration and
Emergency Conservation Work labor, was completed in advance of
the crest of the flood.
Noteworthy progress was made toward the completion of important
projects under way at the beginning of the year, and many
new projects undertaken during the year were completed or reached
an advanced stage of progress. Of chief interest and importance
among these were the continuation of construction work on the Mall
and Union Square, the principal project undertaken in National
Capital Parks under Public Works Administration authorization;
the rehabilitation program for small parks and triangles; the completion
of work undertaken in the development of the Takoma and
Banneker Recreation Centers and the starting of work upon the
improvement or development of five additional recreation centers;
the removal of unsightly structures from the Washington Monument
grounds and the construction of a permanent flood-control
levee at this location; the development of Fort Dupont and Fort
Bunker Hill Parks in the outlying districts; the continuation of
preliminary work on Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Island, and the
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 135
completion of roadway in section 2, Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway,
the connecting link which forms a continuous parkway throughout
the length of the Rock Creek Valley, joining by continuous park
highways the parkways of Montgomery County, Md., with those
of the District of Columbia, including the Potomac Parks and the
Mount Vernon Memorial Highway.
The total attendance in the National Capital Parks during the
fiscal year was estimated at 45,700,000. Approximately 23,005 permits
were issued for use of the 362 recreational facilities established
at 44 locations throughout the National Capital Parks system.
The total appropriation for National Capital parks administration
for the year 1936 was $3,305,509.04, of which the sum of $898,000 was
included in the District of Columbia account for the operation and
maintenance of parks; and $242,085 in the United States account for
maintenance of the Battleground National Cemetery, continuation of
construction of the Arlington Memorial Bridge, and restoration of
park areas damaged by flood. The Executive account for maintenance,
Executive Mansion and grounds, totaled $153,700.14. In
addition to the above-mentioned regular congressional appropriations
the sum of $1,112,204.90 was allotted for construction work by the
Public Works Administration, $176,858 for Emergency Conservation
Work projects, and $722,661 emergency funds for roads and trails.
MAINTENANCE OF FEDERAL BUILDINGS
The National Park Service at the close of the fiscal year provided
maintenance, operation, and protection for approximately 18,300,000
square feet of floor space, 16,000,000 of which were located in 47 Government-
owned buildings and 2,200,000 in 90 rented buildings in the
District of Columbia, and also for 7 memorials; and similar service
was provided in 11 Government-owned buildings outside the District
which have a total floor area of over 1,200,000 square feet. The new
United States courthouse in New York City, comprising 655,787
square feet, and the new United States courthouse at Aiken, S. C.,
which has a floor area of 17,474 square feet, represent the latest acquisitions
of out-of-town buildings. The personnel required and funds
expended incident to providing this service were as follows:
1 Includes 196 temporary.
Expenditures Personnel
Buildings in the District of Columbia___________________________________ $5,910,000
408, 000
1 4, 256
Buildings outside the District of Columbia_______________ ________-___ 272
Total ____6_, _3_18, 00_0___________4_,528________________________________
136 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Responsibility for the maintenance and operation of highly specialized
mechanical equipment, valued at millions of dollars, in new
Government office buildings increased materially. The complete air
conditioning of six of the largest buildings required the operation of
refrigerating equipment totaling 12,000 tons capacity, which represents
the largest single concentration of refrigerating equipment
located in this country.
All mechanical equipment in the central heating plant was maintained
in operating condition during the year, so that a continuous
supply of steam for heating practically all the Government buildings
in the District of Columbia, and some few nongovernmental buildings,
could be furnished. A total of 97,200 short tons of coal was
consumed in the plant, with a total steam production of over 2,000,-
000,000 pounds.
Three hundred and thirty elevators, together with their machinery,
were maintained and operated.
Among the various improvement projects executed under the
Public Works program were:
Completion of alterations and changes at the Executive Mansion;
installation of air-conditioning equipment in the Agriculture Administration
Building; changing electrical-current supply to the Old
Interior Building from direct to alternating; remodeling the former
Potomac Park Apartment Building (after its purchase by the Government)
to provide office space for the Housing Division of the Federal
Emergency Administration of Public Works; and remodeling,
repairing, and modernizing the building at 45 Broadway, New York
City. Remodeling the front of the Old Patent Office Building, incident
to the widening of F Street, was practically completed.
Plans and specifications are being drawn up for physical improvements
and repairs to Government buildings under the jurisdiction
of this Service, including the elimination of fire hazards. An
amount of $1,150,000 for this purpose was authorized in the deficiency
bill, approved June 22. The projects involved will include
such improvements to the electrical systems in various buildings as
the replacement of defective and obsolete wiring and equipment,
replacement of antiquated elevators and auxiliary machinery, and
installation of sprinkler systems in areas where files are stored.
Several of the temporary wartime buildings in the Mall area and
Temporary Building No. 5, located at Twenty-first Street and Constitution
Avenue, were vacated and demolished during the year.
The removal of the former provided room for improvements in
connection with the Mall vista, while on the site on which the latter
formerly stood a new building for the Federal Reserve Board is
being constructed.
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 137
A school was established for the instruction of guards in safety
and service. The subjects presented are instruction in legal duties
and responsibilities, technique of patrol duties, courtesy and customs
of the Service, fire equipment and fire fighting, and information on
uniforms, firearms, and the flag.
SPACE-CONTROL PROGRAM
During the fiscal year, 197 leases were authorized and the rental
of the Government in the District attained a peak of approximately
2,766,000 square feet of space in 123 buildings, at an annual rental
of approximately $2,640,000. In transferring agencies into new and
expanding locations, 376 moves were made. Detailed analyses of
space reports were secured from all departments and agencies of
the Government and compiled and prepared for ready reference.
A survey was made of the space in all the owned and leased buildings
occupied as general filing rooms, which in some cases brought
about the transfer of files from usable office space to less desirable
space in storage buildings. A survey of laboratories now maintained
by the various departments of the Government is being made
to ascertain the types of activities carried on in the different buildings
in the District.
NEW INTERIOR DEPARTMENT BUILDING
The new Department of the Interior Building, being erected as a
Public Works project under the supervision of the Procurement Division
of the Treasury Department by the George A. Fuller Co., general
contractors, which is expected to be ready for occupancy in February
1937, also will be administered by the National Park Service. It
will do much to relieve the crowded space conditions under which the
Federal Government now is carrying on its activities.
It is the first major Federal structure in Washington authorized,
designed, and built under the present administration. Ground was
broken August 12, 1935, and the cornerstone was placed by President
Roosevelt on April 16, 1936. The building will have a gross floor
area of 1,050,000 square feet and a net usable area of 700,000 square
feet, and will accommodate approximately 5,000 persons. Important
features of the new building are a large auditorium, a general library,
exhibition space, a broadcasting studio, a basement garage, a large
cafeteria, and an employees’ lounge. Indirect lighting, air conditioning,
acoustically treated office space, and escalators from the basement
to the first two floors will add to the usableness of the new
building, which, although classic in design, is modern in its practicability.
Its completion will materially aid the present serious
space situation.
138 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
APPROPRIATIONS, DONATIONS, AND REVENUES
APPROPRIATIONS
Appropriations for the National Park Service during the fiscal
year 1936 amounted to $17,722,578. Of this amount the sum of
$15,719,390 was authorized in the Interior Department Appropriation
Act, 1936; $898,000 in the District of Columbia Appropriation Act,
1936; $143,298 in the Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1936,
for maintenance of the Executive Mansion and grounds; a deficiency
sum of $891,890 for the maintenance and operation of public buildings
in the District of Columbia; and a supplement of $70,000 for
Kemiesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park. The sum of $82,000
was transferred to the Service from the War Department for the
purchase of additional land for Vicksburg National Cemetery.
Financing of activities under Works Progress Administration allotments
was begun as follows:
Works Progress Administration
Administrative expenses of transient camps_________________ $693, 951. 0O
Preliminary survey of Natchez Trace Parkway (150 miles)____1
Grading, drainage structures of the Natchez Trace Parkway (40 > 1,425,185.00
miles)____________________________________________ j
Acquisition of site and development of Jefferson National Expansion
Memorial_____________________________________ 16, 750, 000. 00
Repair or replacement of Federal property damaged or destroyed
by the floods of 1936____ _______________________________ 77, 240. 00
Total____________________________________________ 8, 946, 376. 00
1 The sum of $2,250,000, donated by the city of St. Louis, Mo., also available for this
project.
CASH DONATIONS
Cash donations to the National Park Service for the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1936, amounted to $315,281.80. The donations were
deposited in the United States Treasury and were expended under
the same fiscal regulations that govern in the expenditure of Federal
appropriations. In the 1935 fiscal year cash donations amounted to
$589,285.69.
Financing of construction activities under Public Works and Emergency
Conservation Work allotments was continued during the fiscal
year, as follows:
Public Works, 1933-37
Construction of roads and trails_________________________ $26, 839, 415. 44
Construction of physical improvements_____________________ 11, 716, 414. 83
Total_____________________________________________ 38, 555, 830. 27
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 139
Emergency Conservation Work, procurements from April 22, 1933, to
June 30, 1936
National parks________________________________________ $15, 060, 436. 00
State parks___________________________________________ 46, 491, 016. 00
Territory of Hawaii----------------------------------------------------- 1, 927, 683. 00
California-Pacific National Exposition exhibit______________ 9, 300. 00
Acquisition of Lands on Isle Royale for E. C. W------------------ 705, 000. 00
Virgin Islands------------------------------------------------------------- 241, 638. 00
Acquisition of Crater property at Petersburg National Military
Park for E. C. W____________________________________ 29, 750. 00
Purchase of lands for E. C. W------------------------------------------ 2, 325, 000. 00
Total___________________________________________ 66, 789, 823. 00
REVENUES
The revenues received during the fiscal year 1936 amounted to
$1,136,533.68, as compared with revenues receipts of $907,189.96 in the
1935 fiscal year.
APPROPRIATIONS, 1937 FISCAL YEAR
For the fiscal year 1937 there has been appropriated $18,411,588.
Of this amount, $16,122,080 (including $6,500,000 for road and trail
construction) was authorized in the Interior Department Appropriation
Act, 1937; $908,410 in the District of Columbia Appropriation
Act, 1937; $143,098 in the Independent Offices Appropriation Act,
1937, for the Executive Mansion and grounds; and $1,238,000 in the
First Deficiency Appropriation Act, fiscal year 1936.
PUBLIC WORKS
Greatly needed road and trail construction work, as well as the
various other types of physical improvements required in the administration,
protection, and improvement of the areas under the
jurisdiction of the National Park Service, was continued during the
fiscal year 1936 due to the allocation of Public Works funds under
title II of the National Industrial Recovery Act. Because of exercised
care in the selection of projects, together with their geographical
distribution, there resulted the greatest possible financial spread
and maximum of relief to the unemployed in the vicinity of the farflung
areas administered by the Service in the United States, Hawaii,
and Alaska.
The total allocation of Public Works funds for (1) roads and trails
projects and (2) physical improvement projects to the end of the
1935 fiscal year, as compared with allocations for the same purposes
for the fiscal year 1936, was as follows:
140 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Fiscal year 1935 Fiscal year 1936
Roads and trails_________________________________________ ____ _ $25, 558,303.95
10,899,611. 32
$26,839,415.44
Physical improvements_________________________________ 11, 716,414.83
Total___________________________________________________ 36,457, 915. 27 38, 555,830. 27
The increase of Public Works allotments for the fiscal year 1936
over the fiscal year 1935: is $2,097,915. This increase is composed
chiefly of the difference between an allocation of $6,000,000 for
construction of the Blue Ridge Parkway and the cancelation of
$4,500,000 previously impounded. Other large increased allocations
were $140,000 for the purchase and improvement of the Painted
Desert Inn in Petrified Forest National Monument; $126,500 for
purchase and installation of museum equipment throughout the park
system; $172,000 for the Union Square and Mall developments; and
$65,800 for remodeling the Potomac Park Apartments for use as
an office building. Several smaller items make up the balance of
the increased allocations.
In addition to the Public Works allotments for construction of
roads and trails, $5,000,000 was authorized in the Emergency Relief
Appropriation Act, fiscal year 1935, and $7,500,000 in the Interior
Department Appropriation Act for the fiscal year 1936.
CONCLUSION
This report for the fiscal year 1936 is submitted with a feeling
of pride in the achievements of the enlarged National Park Service,
and as convincing proof, I believe, that the Service has successfully
weathered changing conditions of a most drastic and exacting nature.
Consolidation of all Federal park activities under the National
Park Service 3 years ago, together with jurisdiction over National
Capital parks and Federal buildings, threw a great burden upon an
already undermanned staff. At about the same time, participation
began on a large scale in the various emergency programs, and here
again the service was handicapped by an altogether too small trained
personnel. To complicate matters, these changes and enlargements
occurred just as the Service experienced a change in leadership, occasioned
by the resignation of former Director Horace M. Albright,
who had been in national park work since before the establishment
of the Service and who was most helpful in the organization of the
Bureau and the formulation of its policies.
Laboring under the handicap of insufficient trained personnel and
changing leadership, the Service cheerfully met the enlarged duties
suddenly entrusted to it and carried on to the best of its ability.
Necessarily the trial-and-error method often had to be substituted for
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 141
the tried-and-true method previously used in the smaller-scale administration,
and undoubtedly some mistakes occurred, as must happen
if real progress is to be made, but any such were incidental to
the major gains accomplished.
Now the record of 3 years’ efforts under the changed conditions
demonstrates the ability of the National Park Service to meet emergencies,
to expand so as to carry on unaccustomed activities, and to
assume and maintain leadership in the field of conservation of inspirational
and recreational resources.
This statement is made with full realization that the record of the
past 3 years is due to the loyal support of the administrative force
of the National Park Service, often under conditions of acute discouragement
and of constant and unusually heavy pressure of work;
and to the officials of the Department of the Interior, who with
patience and forbearance have upheld the National Park Service
during this period of development and stabilization.
To all who have contributed in any way to the support of nationalpark
ideals and to the practical protection of the national parks and
monuments, the Service is sincerely grateful. Especially is acknowledgment
made of the support of conservationists at crucial moments
in national park and monument history, and to cooperating officials
of other Federal bureaus who helped to smooth the path of national
park administration.
With this cheerful reflection of the work of the past, the National
Park Service looks forward with unbounded confidence to the future.
142 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Nat ion al Par k Tab le 1.-—Holdings acquired for national park and monument purposes
1.125
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 143
gsssss s
« coo.- sg
I
o
144 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Nat io na l Par ks Tab le 2.—Automobile and motorcycle licenses issued during
season 1932-36
1 No licenses required for Wind Cave, Hot Springs, Platt, Hawaii, Rocky Mountain, Carlsbad Caverns,
Mount McKinley, and Acadia National Parks, because of small road mileage or unimproved condition
of roads.
2 Permits entrance to General Grant and Sequoia.
Name of park >
1932 1933 1934 1935 1936
Automobiles
Motorcycles
Automobiles
Motorcycles
Automobiles
Motorcycles
Automobiles
Motorcycles
Automobiles
Motorcycles
Crater Lake______ 29, 637
5,900
10, 712
32,651
4,803
4,382
44, 719
18,304
52, 597
67,482
12,967
19,924
6,199
8,955
30,104
4,924
4,262
31,903
17,045
38, 580
61, 742
12,194
18, 521
7,992
12,146
28, 721
6,859
3,947
32,095
17,401
44,886
64,055
14,352
24,297
4,199
17, 718
35,890
6,437
4,177
37, 801
25, 304
54,421
67,731
21, 271
30, 718
3,100
23, 896
55, 721
8,947
5,008
39,187
38,289
86,313
84,936
28.495
General Grant2__
Glacier__________
Grand Canyon___
Lassen Volcanic.
Mesa Verde..___
11 10 18 40 50
3 9 7 8 10
Mount Rainier___
Sequoia 2. _______
Yellowstone______
Yosemite________
Zion___________ _
155
129
46
118
170
124
186
122
272
192
Total______ 284,154 298 235,832 183 250,975 319 299,246 356 404,610 524
Nat io nal Par ks Ta bl e 3.—Receipts collected from automobile and motorcycles
during seasons 1932-36
i No licenses required for Wind Cave, Hot Springs, Platt, Hawaii, Rocky Mountain, Carlsbad Caverns,
Mount McKinley, and Acadia National Parks.
a Permits entrance to General Grant and Sequoia.
Name of park ■ 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936
Crater Lake___________________________
General Grant2_______________________
Glacier________________________________
Grand Canyon________________________
Lassen Volcanic________________________
Mesa Verde___________________________
Mount Rainier_________________________
Sequoia 2______________________________
Y ellowstone___________________________
Yosemite______________________________
Zion_______ _______________
$29,687.00
2,950.00
11,092.00
32, 764. 00
5, 778. 50
4,396.00
44,719.00
18,304.00
156, 537.00
135,831.00
12,976.00
$19,924.00
3,099. 50
8,965. 00
30,104.00
4,928. 50
4, 262. 00
31,903. 00
17,045.00
115,786.00
123, 602. 00
12,194.00
$18, 521.00
3,996.00
12,164.00
28,721.00
6,862. 50
3,947.00
32,095. 00
17.401.00
134,828. 00
128,234.00
14, 352. 00
$24,297.00
4,199.00
17,758.00
35,890.00
6,441.00
4,177.00
37,801. 00
25,304.00
163,4-19.00
135, 584.00
21, 271.00
$30, 718.00
3,100.00
23.946.00
55; 721.00
8,952.00
5,008.00
39,187.00
38,289. 00
259, 596.00
170,064.00
28,495.00
Total________________4_5_5_,_ 0_3_4_. _5_0___371,813. 00 401,121. 50 476,171.00 663,076.00
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 145
Nat io nal Par ks Tab le 4.—Statement of appropriations made for, and revenues
received from, the various national parks and national monuments, and expenditures
made therefrom during fiscal years 1936 and 1931
Name of the national park
Appropriations
Revenue
received
Appropriated Expended
Acadia (formerly Lafayette):
1936 - __________________________________ $46,000.00
46,000.00
12,000.00
12,000.00
64,000.00
64,000.00
5,000.00
57, 600.00
62, 600.00
15,000.00
15,000.00
175,000.00
175,000.00
113,500.00
113, 500.00
19,900.00
19,900.00
59,900.00
59,900.00
45,600.00
45, 600.00
71,200.00
71,200.00
28,400.00
28,400.00
47,250.00
47,250.00
10,000.00
25,000.00
25,000.00
121,800.00
121,800.00
898,000.00
1,074,410.00
20, 600.00
20, 600.00
82,000.00
82,000.00
99, 500.00
99, 500.00
39.800.00
39, 800. 00
15,900.00
15,900.00
394,100.00
391, 250.00
286,100.00
284,000.00
39,800.00
39,800.00
$44,344.48 320.50
1937 ___________ ________________
Bryce Canyon:
1936 - __________________________________ 12,231. 23
1937 ____________________________
Carlsbad Caverns National Park:
1936 . . _________________________________ 62, 772. 79 173,404.90
1937 _______________________________
Crater Lake:
1935-36 ___________________________________________ 5,000.00
1936 ____________________________________________ 56,595.49 31,131.70
1937 _______________________________
General Grant:
1936 _______________________________________ 14, 520. 37 3,143. 20
1937 ____________________________
Glacier:
1936 ____ _____________________________________ 172,849.94 30,902.06
1937 _ _ __________________________
Grand Canyoa*
1936 - - ______________________________ 111, 708.60 67,029. 86
1937 - __________________________________________
Grand Teton:
1936 ____________________________________________ 19,844.89 166.86
1937 - - __________________________________
Great Smoky Mountains:
1936 ________________________________ 57,800. 66 9,846.83
1937 ____________________________________________
Hawaii:
1936 ____________________________________________ 45,147.34 457.90
1937 . __________________________________________
Hot Springs:
1936 ___________________________________________ 69, 261.34 34,991.85
1937 __________________________________
Lassen Volcanic:
1936 - ___________________________________ 31, 906.84 8,954.00
1937 __________________________________________
Mesa Verde:
1936 ___________________________________________ 46,379. 58 5,238. 22
1937 - _________________________________
1937 (deficiency)______________________________________
Mount McKinley:
1936 . ________________________________________ 24,635. 39 127. 76
1937 . ____ ______________________
Mount Rainier:
1936 _______________________________________ 114, 200.91 43, 751. 73
1937 _______________________________________
National Capital Parks:
1936 _____________________________________ 881, 483.13 33,122.19
1937 _________________________________________
Platt:
1936 ______________________________________________ 19,966.77
1937 _______________________________________
Rocky Mountain:
1936 _____________________________________ 78, 263.84 4,326. 60
1937 ________________________________________
Sequoia:
1936 ______________________________________________ 97,083. 51 57,835.16
1937 _______________________________________________
Shenandoah:
1936 _________________________________________ ____ 23,182.52 311.00
1937 ________________________________________________
Wind Cave:
1936 ________________________________________________ 15,408. 29 8, 678.81
1937_____________________ _________________________ ;
Yellowstone:
1936 ________________________________________________ 381,883. 28 329, 926. 72
1937 . . ______________________________________
Yosemite:
1936 ________________________________________________ 266, 520. 62 249, 585.42
1937_________________________________________________
Zion:
1936_________________________________________________ 39,149. 31 28,638. 66
1937__________________________ _______________________
146 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Nat io nal Par ks Tab le 4.—Statement of appropriations made for, and revenues
received from, the various national parks and national monuments, and"expenditures
made therefrom during fiscal years 1936 and 1931—Continued
Name of the national park
Appropriations
Revenue
received
Appropriated Expended
National Historical Parks and Monuments:
1936______________________ $92, 300.00
109,400.00
111, 660.00
167,000.00
239,600.00
257.900.00
10,000.00
175,380.00
189,880.00
5,615,000.00
891,890.00
6,535,900.00
1,150,000.00
25,000.00
27,000.00
75,000.00
90,000.00
40,000.00
7, 500,000.00
6, 500,000.00
1937_____________________ $96,006. 51 $563.90
National Monuments:
1936__________________ 105,044.98 1,714.07 1937__________________
National Military Parks, Battlefields, Monuments, and
Cemeteries:
1936___________________________ 226,927.79 2,060.39 1937___________________________
Boulder Canyon project:
1937_______________________
National Park Service:
1936_____________________________ 156, 596. 61 2,186.54 1937___________________________
Public Buildings and Grounds:
1936____________________________________ J-6, 417,061.21 4,270.05 1936 (deficiency)______________________
1937_____________________________
1937 (deficiency)______ ________ ..
General expenses, National Park Service:
1936_______________________________________ 22,083.46 1937________________________________
Forest protection and fire prevention:
1935-36_________________________________ 67,418. 72 1937_____________________________________
Emergency reconstruction and fighting forest fires:
1937___________________________________
Construction of roads and trails:
1936_____________________________________________ 3,540,720. 73
1937__________________________________________
Nat io nal Par ks Tab le 5.—Statement of appropriations made for, and revenues
received from, the various national parks and national monuments, and expenditures
made therefrom during recent fiscal years
1 Available until expended.
Name of the national park
Appropriations
Revenue
received
Appropriated Expended
Public Works projects, roads and trails:
1933-37______________________________________ ____ $25,839,415.44
11, 716,414. 83
396, 819. 72
76,068,228. 00
8,946, 376.00
9, 700.00
9, 700. 00
500.00
4,000. 00
4,000.00
55,000.00
100,000.00
1 100,000.00
24,000.00
25, 000.00
$23,026,437.35
10,866, 713. 23
396,819.72
Public Works projects, physical improvements:
1933-37_______________________________________
Federal Emergency Relief, 1935____________
Emergency Conservation Work:
1933-37 (allotments program)____ _________ _ _
Works Progress Administration:
1936-37___________________________________________ 991,370.13
9,360. 73
Commission of Fine Arts:
1936___________________________________________
1937______________________________________
Big Dry Wash Battlefield:
1936___________________________________________
Perry’s Victory Memorial:
1936______________________ _____________ 2, 522. 24 $3,320.80 1937_____________________________
Mount Rushmore National Memorial Commission:
1936__________________________________ 54, 038.31 500.00 1937____________________________
Appomattox Court House National Historical Monument:
1937________________________________
Historic Sites and Buildings Survey:
1937________________ ____________________ .
Investigation and purchase of water rights;
1937__________________________________________
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 147
Nati on al Par ks Tab le 6.—Statement of accounts reappropriated and made
available for expenditure in subsequent fiscal years
Appropriated
for fiscal
year
Reappropriated
for
fiscal
year
Park Amount Purpose
1928 1929 Y osemite_______ ____ $35,000. 00 Hospital building.
1928________ 1929 Southern Appalachian----- 1.112. 87 To remain available; general.
1928________ 1929 Emergency reconstruction 13,134. 54 Do.
and fighting forest fires.
1929 1930 Yosemite_______________ 8,661. 78 Construction of water-supply and campground
facilities.
1929 1930 Carlsbad Caverns_______ 4,950. 00 Superintendent’s residence.
1929 _______ 1930 Southern Appalachian.... 1,662.55 To remain available: general.
1929 _____ 1931 Grand Canyon__________ 20,000. 00 Hospital building.
1930 1931 Acadia. _ _______________ 2,850. 00 Equipment storage building.
1930 1931 Crater Lake_____________ 1,091.06 Ranger station.
1930 1931 Mesa Verde_____________ 1,652.18 2 ranger stations.
1930 . - 1931 Yosemite__________ _____ 32, 662. 70 Physical improvements.
1930 1931 National monuments____ 2, 500.00 Employees’ quarters (2) at Petrified
Forest.
1930________ 1931 Southern Appalachian___ 1, 246. 80 To remain available; general.
1930 1931 Glacier_________________ 9,550.00 One-third of cost of constructing a telephone
line.
1931 1932 National monuments____ 1, 759. 23 Water-supply system at Craters of the
Moon.
1931________ 1932 Emergency reconstruction 7,434.15 To remain available; general.
and fighting forest fires.
1931 1933 National monuments____ 3, 204. 50 Water supply at Chaco Canyon.
1932 1933 Carlsbad Caverns_______ 13,000.00 Electric system, extension and improveinent.
1932 _______ 1933 Emergency reconstruction 16, 587. 00 To remain available; general.
and fighting forest fires.
1933 . - 1934 __ do___________________ 9,143.93 Do.
1934 ______ 1935 ____do__________________ 75,000. 00 Do.
1935 _____ 1936 ____do__________________ 64,642.13 Do.
1936________ 1937 Ackia Battleground Na- 15, 000.00 Do.
tional Monument.
148 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Nat io na l Par ks Tab le 7.—Summary of appropriations for the administration,
protection, and improvement of the national parks and national monuments,
together with the revenues received, for the fiscal years 1911 1 to 1931, inclusive
r , summary °f appropriations and revenues prior to 1917 see 1920 Annual Report, p. 359.
. ' 7k revenu.e.s from the various national parks were expendable during the years 1904 to 1918, inclusive,
with the exception of those received from Crater Lake, Mesa Verde, and Rocky Mountain National Parks,
the revenues trom which were turned into the Treasury to the credit of miscellaneous receipts.
Year Department Appropriation Revenues
1917 Interior Department_______ $537, 366. 67
War Department__________________________ 247, 200. 00
1918 Interior Department_____ $180, 652.30 530, 680. 00
War Department_______________ ;_______ 217, 500. 00
1919 Interior Department_______________________________ 2 217, 330. 55
War Department_______________________ 963,105.00
50, 000. 00
50, 000. 00
1920 196, 678. 03 1921 907, 070. 76 316,877.96 1922 1,058,969.16 396, 928. 27
1923 1,433, 220. 00 432, 964. 89
1924 1,446, 520. 00 513, 706. 36 1925 1,892, 601.00 663, 886. 32 1926 3,027,657. 00 670, 920. 98 1927 3, 258,409. 00 826,454.17 1928 3, 698, 920. 00 703,849. 60 4,889, 685. 00 808,255. 81
1930 4, 754, 015. 00 849, 272. 95
1931 ' 7,813,817.18 1, 015, 740.56 1932 12,113,435. 00 940, 364. 79 1933 12,831,250. 00 820, 654.19
1933-35
1934— 10, 640, 620. 00
53,402, 249. 00
10, 983, 089. 00
628,182. 06
1935 731,331.80
1936
1937
12,461,513. 00
16,686, 090. 00
907,189.96
18,190, 490. 00
----------------------- --------------------------------------- ------------ --------------
Nati on al Par ks Tab le 8.—Statement of appropriations and authorizations for
road and trail work in the national parks and national monuments
Appropriation acts Fiscal
year
Cash appropriation
Authority
to enter
into contractual
obligations
Total program
by
fiscal year
Total appropriated___
Total program to date.
Act Dec. 5, 1924; 43 Stat. 686______ . 1925
Act Mar. 3, 1925; 43 Stat. 1179... 1926
Act May 10, 1926; 44 Stat. 491.... . 1927
Act Jan. 12, 1927; 44 Stat. 966_____
First Deficiency Act, Dec. 22, 1927; 45”stat. 19. 1928
Act Mar. 7, 1928; 45 Stat. 237 1929
Act Mar. 4,1929; 45 Stat. 1601________
Act May 14, 1930; 46 Stat. 319______
1930
Act Dec. 20, 1930; emergency construction_______________
Emergency construction funds transferred by the President
J 1931
Act Feb. 14, 1931; 46 Stat. 1115______________________
Second Deficiency Act 1931; Mar. 4, 1931._
1932
Act Apr. 22, 1932; 47 Stat. 126, 127_______________________
Emergency construction and relief____
1933
Act Feb. 17, 1933; 47 Stat. 852, 853 1934
Emergency construction... ._ 1935
Act'May 9, 1935; Public, No. 53, 74th Cong 1936
Act’June 22, 1936; Public, No. 741, 74th Cong 1937
> $1,000, 000
1, 500, 000
2, 000, 000
2, 000, 000
1, 000, 000
2, 500, 000
5, 000,000
f 5, 000,000
< 1,500,000
I 578,800
5, 000, COO
2, 500, 000
4, 500,600
3, 000,000
2,435, 700
5, 000,000
7,500, 000
6, 500, 000
2$1, 000,000
2 1, 500, 000
2 2, 500, 000
2 4, 000, 000
2 2, 500, 000
2 2, 500, 000
2 2,850,000
3 2, 500.rddd’
58, 514, 500
$1,000, 000
2,500, 000
2, 500,000
3, 000, 000
5, 000, 000
3, 500,000
7,078,800
7,8.56,000
7,150,000
-64,300
5, 000, 000
7, 500, 000
6, 500,000
58,514,500
1 PUoJ8 amount $4,290.39 was reappropriated Dec. 22, 1927 (45 Stat. 46), and $510 on May 29, 1928 (45
tat. 933).
2 Funds appropriated in next year.
3 $64,300 of this amount was not appropriated in 1934,
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 149
Nat ion al Par ks Ta b le 9.—Forest-fire statistics, calendar year 1935
Cost of fire suppression (to nearest whole dollar)
pojnquj
-uoa sXcp-uEui -0 -o -o £
co
0
19,079
75
370
419
1I CCOM Oto I1
I.-100 1
co
*0
1,156
276
1 4,523
2 867
56
274
1^0) pUBJ£)
Doi.
cm
*Q
o>
32,764
122
11
66
32
149
191
2
co
CO
6
311
79
2,459
111
27
1 9
•J 'J M moaj pred 40U
so0Ao[dui9 qmd jo soimpg
Doi.
CM s
1,053
48
11
45
32
149
191
2
a
6
263
78
906
103
27
9
moj,
Doi.
c m
00
31,711
74
CM co
00 r-4
1,553
8
pOJBJOJCl sjsoo jooiipuj
Doi.
10,415
1
00 i
QO 1
1
1
luorudinba
Doi.
00
05
00
00*“
1Q 1
co 1
co ।
•0)0
‘uoiwiodsirej^ ‘S0i[ddns
Doi.
!§
8,939
48
00
01
O rH 1Q CO
co
to
S00IAJ0S {BUOSJ0J
Doi.
___
co 00 co
co CM CM
as 00 ! C1QO 1Q
Tim ber destroyed
inside parks
nw
M.b.f.
co
z
098‘I
*0
1
40
26
290
12
0JBAU
p
cc
•
£
pc
cz
p
a.
0C
c
ce
c
a
Ji
£
C
p
c ia
ac5
jc
®'C
’5CJ g5
5c
> cn
l.s
1*
; n
. a
। 0
® §
^02-
Q cs &
03 CD g
OcU
(bZ. P
C ac
c
■1
MP
a
a
s
a
C
f
c
E
E
1
a
"C
a
>
a
>
a.
P
s
£
1
c
5
&
c
£
pE C
£
t
cc
5
p
5p
c
A
£
P=
ce
1
AS
henandoah________________ W in d C n v A
Yellowstone________________
Yosemite___________________
Z in n
M ilitary and historical parks: C h ic k a m a u g a -C h a tta -
n n n p -a
150 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Na t io n a l Pa r k s Ta b l e 9.—Forest-fire statistics, calendar year 1935—Continued
N o t e .—Yellowstone, $352.80 emergency allotm ent from F. F. F. not included in fire-suppression costs. Glacier, $350.56 emergency allotm ent from F. F. F. not included in firesuppression
costs.
Cost of fire suppression (to nearest whole dollar)
pojnqijj
-uoo sXep-UBm -q -q -q
No.
9
31
11
co co ci
CM ci 3
29,326
IBJOJ pUBJQ
Doi.
2
79
11
19
15
o
37,494
• J 'J ‘J mojj pred jou
S99jCO[dUJ0 JJJBd JO S9UB[Bg
Dol.
2
54
11
OO iQ
rH
co
3,129
BUOj,
Dol.
c m r—< TH
34,365
pejsjojd sjsoo joeiTpuj
Dol.
*Q
CM
r—f
10,656 |
juemdjnba
LDol
9, 641
•079
‘uon^JodsnBj; ‘sopddng
Dol.
9,653
S90TAJ9S IBU0SJ9J
Dol.
(_____
4,415
Tim ber destroyed
inside parks
moj,
1
\M.b.f.
2,229
07BATJJ
M.b.f.
1U9UIUJ9AO£)
M .b.f.
2,229
Burned area inside parks
(nearest whole area)
moj,
Acres
22
3
C*QO co Ci O
2, 702 |
SSVJ£)
Acres
CO CO
*Q
00 CO
co
qsnjg
Acres
T—< O OO
Ci
Jequnj,
Acres
2
2
3
1,861
Point of origin
Outside
parks
SB0JE OplS
-7no 07 pouijuoo £ T—< NHH co
qjBd pojama £ 00 i 2
Inside
parks
putq ajBAjJd no r—1 s
pUB[
7U0innj0AO£) no
PCOHH
fe;
Ci IQ r-4 1 T—1
CM
CO
Classification
Total
_____
O-a-V sossnp nv . M< r-4 CM
£
Ci t H r-t
CM CM r-H CM -■ co
O JOAO JO S0JOB 01 £ r—1 i [ r-l ! CM
ffl SO JOB
0i pus uaa.Apa £ >-< CM r—1 r-4
SS9J JO 9J0B 8 r—< CO
CM
M ilita r y and h is to ric a l
parks—Continued. Fredericksburg______
)
b
s
&
I
o
I
CT
J
b
E
•s
£
Xc
X
b
B
X2W
X
M onum ents:
Bandolier_______________
cd
3
X2
CC
•g
XQ
’c
C
c
O
k ”
o3
CD
1
o
cd
o
g
c
bj
g
o
3+:
g
T otal_________________
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 151
National Parks Tab le 9.—Forest-fire statistics, calendar year 1935—Continued
152 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Na t io n a l Pa r k s Ta b l e 9.—Forest-fire statistics, calendar year 1935—Continued
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 153
Nat io na l Par ks Tab le 10.—Buildings in the District of Columbia maintained,
operated, and protected by the National Park Service
Footnotes'at end of table.
Building Location
Governmentowned
gross
floor area
Rented net
floor area
Administration______________
Archives. .•___________________
Square feet Square feet
The Mall at 13th St_______ ______________
Constitution Ave. between 7th and 9th Sts.
NW
307, 692
496,200 —
Army Medical Museum______ 7th St. and Independence Ave. SW________ 83,938 __________
Arlington............................. . ......... Vermont Ave. and H St. NW_____________ 575,000
Atlantic 2____________________ 928-30 F St. NW______________ ____—___ 38, 337
Bureau of Fisheries___________ 6th St. and Independence Ave. SW________ 39,131
Barber & Ross 2______________ 11th and G Sts. NW______________________ 23,082
Barr 2._____ _________________ 910 17th St. NW_______________ ______ ___ 26,499
Bond 2........ .................................... 14th St. and New York Ave. NW_________ 18,874
Bragg2---------------------------------- 12th and G Sts. NW______________________ 1,490
Capitol Courts, 43-49_________ 1 2, 500
Carpenters 2_________________ 10th and K Sts. NW_____________________
246, 244
.14,214
Civil Service_________________ 7th, 9th, F, and G Sts. NW_________ _____
Columbian 2_________________ 416 5th St. NW__________________________ 11,726
Commerce___________________ Constitution Ave. between 14th and 15th Sts. 1,605, 066
NW
—
Commercial National Bank___ 14th and G Sts. NW__________ _______ —- 2,570
Connecticut Ave. NW., 1108 2..
Between new I. C. C. and Labor Buildings._ 234,166
1,429
Connecting wing_____________
Courts______________________ 310 6th St. SW___________________________ 5,373
Daily News_______ ____ _____ 1322 New York Ave. NW_________________ 22, 000
DeMoll_____________________ 12th and G Sts. NW______________________
231, 771
15, 243
E Building__________________ 6th St. and Maine Ave. SW-----------------------
E St. NW., 801______________ 19,975
E St. NW., 1300_____________ 274, 373
E St. NW., 1345 2____________ 7, 544
Executive Office_____________ West Executive Ave______________________ 40,000
F Building_____________ _____ 7th St. and Constitution Ave. NW------------- 266, 560
F St. NW., 918 2_____________ 701
F St. NW., 920 2_____________
20,369
1,230
F St. NW., 1723-25___________
F St. NW., 1724______________ 1 46,946
Florida Ave. NE., 60_________ 31,800
G bt. 1328---------------------
8,166
4, 000
G St. NW., 1712 (Annex)_____
G St. NW., 1712_____________ 1 84,981
Garage______________________ Kansas Ave. and Upshur St. NW_________
48,000
43,723
Do_____________3_d_ a_nd_ C_anal Sts. SW____________________
Garage (White House)________ 1126 21st St. NW_________________________ 60,784.
Garage....___________________ 21st St. and Virginia Ave. NW____________ 36,000
Do_____________2_4_th a_n_d__ M Sts. NW_____________________ 53,000
General Accounting__________ Judiciary Square___________ ____ _________ 196, 554
4,000
182,954
H St. NW., 17122____________
H St. NW., 1825_____________
Home Owners’ Loan Corpora- 101 Indiana Ave. NW____________________ 121, 700—
Hurley-Wright_______________ 18th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. NW_______ 87, 516
I St. NW., 1004 2_____________ 489
I St. NW., 1624______________ 13, 000
Independence Ave. SW., 816... 4,239
Independence Ave. SW., 908...
E, F, 18th, and 19th Sts. NW_____________
17,408
Interior_____________________ 726, 535
Internal Revenue____________ Constitution Ave. between 10th and 12th 1, 281, 000
Sts. NW.
Interstate Commerce_________ 12th St. and Constitution Ave. NW_______ 456, 700
Justice________ ____ __ _____ _ Constitution Ave. between 9th and 10th 1, 237,000
K St. NW„ 1415 2____________
Sts. NW.
— 5,374
K St. NW., 1435_____________
1416 F St. NW___________________________
15,000
Kellogg 2____________________
447,000
4, 715
Labor_______________________ 14th St. and Constitution Ave. NW_______
LaSalle 2_____________________ 1028 Connecticut Ave. NW_______________ 49,416
Lemon______________________ 1729 New York Ave. NW_________________ 26, 620
Lenox_______________________ 1623 L St. NW___________________________ 22,000
Lincoln_____________________ 514 10th St. NW________________ ____ ____
50, 250
13,938
Linworth Place SW., 300______
M Street NW., 2214__________ 9,317
McCrory 2___________________ 826 7th St. NW__________________________ 10, 683
McGill2_____________________ 906 G St. NW;____________________________ 19, 41 /
McKinley Park Buildings____
Massachusetts Ave. NW.,
2000.
20 buildings, American University Park___ 65,903
------------------ -------------------------------------------- 12,00o
Massachusetts Ave. NW.,
2020
------- --------- --------- --------------------- ------------ - 19, 242
Mather2...................... .................. 916 G St. NW___________ ___________,____ 17,080
154 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Nat io na l Par ks Tab le 10.—Buildings in the District of Columbia maintained,
operated, and protected by the National Park Service—Continued
1 Gross area.
Building Location
Governmentowned
gross
floor area
Rented net
floor area
Mechanical Shops (Agricultural).
13th St. and Constitution Ave. NW_______
Square feet
32,058
Square feet
Mills 2_______________________
Moses 2_______ ______________
Munitions____ ______________
17th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. NW_____
11th & F Sts. NW________________________
Constitution Ave. between 19th and 21st
Sts. NW.
851,490
837
97, 378
Navy____________ ___________ Constitution Ave. between 17th and 19th
Sts. NW.
949,182 —
Ouray 2_____________________
Pennsylvania Ave. NW., 1653..
801 G St. NW____________________________ 21,068
Pennsylvania Ave. NW., 1778. 3,288
Pennsylvania Ave. between 12th and 13th
Sts. NW.
Post.Office (new)_____________ 198,507 840, 000
Post Office (old)_____________
Potomac Park Apartment____
Premier Apartment__________
12th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. NW______
21st and C Sts. NW._______________
718 18th St. NW_____________
377, 951
108, 000
Printcraft____________________ 26, 400
Procurement Division________
Public Health..._____________
930 H St. NW____________________
8th, 9th, C, and D Sts. SW_______________
Constitution Ave. between 19th and 20th
Sts. NW.
886, 750
79, 931
27, 919
Research_____________________
Rizik________ _______ ______ ...
19th St. and Constitution Ave. NW_____
1737 L St. NW___________________
5,200
Rochambeau________________ 15, 983 815 Connecticut Ave. NW___________ 1 100,000 Security_____________________ 1518 K St. NW_______________„____ 10, 632 South_______________________ 12th, 14th, and C Sts. and Independence
Ave. SW.
2, 056,430
South Capitol St., 401________ 55, 080 Standard Oil2________________
State Department____________
Storage Building and Vault...
261 Constitution Ave. NW________________
17th and Pennsylvania Ave. NW__________
Missouri Ave. between 4H and 6th Sts. NW
440,250
5, 949
24, 615
Tariff Commission___________
Tempo. No. 2________________
Tempo. No. 7________________
Vermont Ave. NW 1001 3
7th, 8th, E, and F Sts. NW___________
19th and D Sts. NW______________________
140,118
78, 240
—
1800 C St. ISTW___________________________ 56,359
100,414
54, 696
13, 631
Vermont Ave. NW., 1025_____
Vermont Court NW., 1126____
1734 New York Ave. NW________________ _
15th St. and New York Ave. NW_________
19th St. and New York Ave. NW______
9th and F Sts. NW_________________
1514 H St. NW___________________
513-15 14th St. NW_________________
17th and F Sts. NW______________________
Walker-Johnson______________
Washington_________________
Washington Auditorium______
Washington Loan & Trust2___
Wilkins.__________
Willard______________________
Winder.______ _________
5th St NW 420
54, 000
63,880
1 87,456
26,167
84,000
15, 698
26, 543
7th St. NW., 425______
8th St. SW., 215______
10th St. NW., 1918______
12th St. SW., 224 .... .
14th St. NW., 509 2____
15th St. NW., 821...
21st St. NW., 1503____
26th St. NW., 501-13_____
26th St. NW., 517____________
5,970
13, 204
7,000
— 39, 000
6, 540
10,446
—
5,000
22, 200
5, 000
Total__________________—16,095,958 2, 207,131
2 Either maintenance, operation, or protection or all three classes of service provided only for a portion of
the building. All other buildings except 1001 Vermont Ave. NW. maintained, operated, or protected in
their entirety.
3 Protection service only is provided.
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 155
Nat io nal Par ks Tab le 11.—Buildings outside the District of Columbia maintained,
operated, and protected by the National Park Service
Government- J
owned gross
floor area
Building Location
Broadway, 45____________________________ New York City, N. Y__________________
Sq.ft.
142, 500
Courthouse______________________________ Aiken, S. C____________________________ 1 /, 4/4
Do__________________________________ Galveston, Tex_________________________ 15,000
Do__________________________________ New York City, N. Y__________________ 655, 787
Do__________________________________ Santa Fe, N. Mex______________________
Des Moines, Iowa______________________
47, 600
Federal Office____________________________ 64,200
Immigration Station_____________________ Baltimore, Md_________________________ 98,000
Old Customhouse________________________ Denver, Colo__________________________ 72, 500
Old Post Office__________________________ Parkersburg, W. Va________ --------- 34,900
Do__________________________________ Sacramento, Calif______________________ 47, 600
Sub-Treasury___________________________ New York City, N. Y__________________ 72,000
Total______________________________— 1, 267, 561
Nat io na l Par ks Tab le 12.—Memorials maintained, operated, and protected by
the National Park Service
Memorial Location Gross floor
area
Columbus Fountain_______________________
District of Columbia War Memorial________
Lee Mansion______________________________
Lincoln House_____________________________
Lincoln Memorial_________________________
Lincoln Museum__________________________
Washington Monument____________________
Total_______________________________
Union Station Plaza_____ %________________
West Potomac Park_____ T________________
Arlington, Va____________________________
516 10th St. NW__________________________
West Potomac Park______________________
51110th St. NW__________________________
The Mall between 14th and 17th Sts_______
Sq. ft.
7, 252
4, 234
30, 510
41,806
156 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Nat io na l Par ks Tab le 13.—Statement showing work accomplished at Civilian
Conservation Corps camps under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service
July 1, 1935-June 30, 1936
Item Unit
Total work accomplished from July 1, 1935, to
June 30, 1936
New construction
Maintenance—
national
parks and
monuments
National
parks and
monuments
State
parks
Combined
total national
parks
and State
parks
Foot bridges—_______________________ Number_____ 33 454 Horse bridges________________________ 487 Number_____ 11 27 38 12 Vehicle bridges____ ___ _____ _________
Buildings:
Number.......... 19 129 148 12
Barns____________________________ Number......... . 10 10 20 1 Bath houses______________________ Number_____ 1 27 28 1 Cabins, overnight________________
Combination buildings_______________
Buildings:
Number_____
Number_____
323
51
323
51
Contact station___________________ Number_____ 13 20 33 9 Dwellings________________________ Number......... . 50 57 107 175 Equipment and supply storage houses.. Number_____ 55 261 316 29 Garages_____________________________ Number_____ 24 394 418 13 Latrines and toilets___________________ Number_____ 85 464 549 44 Lodges______________________________
Lookout:
Number........... 3 17 20 12
Houses__________________________ Number_____ 3 16 19 6 Towers__________________________ Number_____ 15 12 27 Museums____________________________
Shelters:
Number_____ 2 3 5 9
Trail-side________________________ Number_____ 7 131 138 Other____________________________ Number_____ 5 140 145 2 Other buildings______________________ Number_____ 42 279 321 19 Cribbing, including filling____________
Dams:
Cubic yard— 9,362 14, 668 24,030 550
Impounding and large diversion___ Number_____ 8 50 58 1 Concrete_________________________
Fill:
Cubic yard— 375 20,864 21,239
Earth____________________ Cubic yard.... 5,473 715, 549 721,022
Rock_____________________
Excavation:
Cubic yard___ 220 13,934 14,154 20
Earth____________________ Cubic yard— 1,110
100
287, 298 288,408 1 Rock_____________________ Cubic yard___ 42,785 42,885 Masonry_____________________ Cubic yard.... 420 10, 503 10, 923 Riprap_______________________ Square yard... 452 41, 746 42,198 Steel_________________________ Pound_______ 8,918 658, 611 667, 529 Fences_______________________________ Rod_________ 27,349 131,493. 2 158, 842. 2 2,242 Guard rails__________________________ Rod_________ 5, 565 36, 991. 9 42,556.9 10 Levees, dikes, and jetties______________ Cubic yard___
14.7
20, 688 20,688 Power lines__________________________
Disposal:
Mile____ ____ 60.9 75.6 775.9
Beds_____________________________
Tanks and cesspools______________
Square yard...
Number_____
280
48
79,419
240
79,699
Incinerators__________________________ 288 1 Number_____ 1 83 84 Sewer lines__________________________ Linear foot___ 19,850 143, 209 163,059 6,380 Other sewage and waste disposal______ Man-day_____ 1,217 7, 216 8,433 126 Telephone lines______________________ Mile_________ 244.9 263.7 508.6 1,760 Drinking fountains___________________ Number_____
1,200
251 251 Open ditches_________________________ Linear foot___ 22,438 23, 638 Water pipe or tile lines________________ Linear foot___ 95,910 608, 727 704, 637 13,880 Springs, water holes, small reservoirs__ Number_____ 66 163 229 4
Water-storage facilities (omit last 000)...
Wells, including pumps and pump
houses.
Gallon_______
Number_____ 9
4, 269.1
152
4,269. 1
161 1
Water supply systems, other__________ Man-day____ 2,310 18,453 20,763 129 Camp stoves or fireplaces_____________ Number_____ 1,524 3,402 4,926 17 Cattle guards________________________
Corrals.___________________________
Number_____ 8 52 60
Number_____ 13 31 44 3 Portals______________________________
Seats________________________________
Number_____ 6 80 86
Number_____ 130 1,838 1,968 1 Signs, markers, and monuments_______ Number_____ 4,232 5, 339 9, 571 2,354 Stone walls__________________________
Table and bench combinations________
Tool boxes___________________________
Miscellaneous structural improvements.
Rod_________
Number_____
Number_____
Number_____
2,100
1,097
15
206
4, 045. 6
7,199
401
13,682
6,145. 6
8,296
416
Radio stations_______________________ 13,888 1 Number_____ 68 Truck trails__________________________ Miles________ 84.4 351.1 435.5 929.2 Minor roads_________________________ Miles________ 240.5 • 240.5 1,306.1
THE NATIONAL. PARK SERVICE 157
Nat io na l Par ks Tab le 13.—Statement showing work accomplished at Civilian
Conservation Corps camps under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service
July 1, 1935-June 30, 1936—Continued
Item Unit
Total work accomplished from July 1, 1935, to
June 30, 1936
New construction
Maintenance—
national
parks and
monuments
National
parks and
monuments
State
parks
Combined
total national
parks
and State
parks
Highways _ _ _ __ _____________ Miles________ 1,365. 5
Park roads__-___ ____________________ Miles_______ .2 5b5 565. 2
Foot trails _ _ ____ ____________ Miles________ 152 693.4 845.4 190.6
Horse trails ____ __________________ Miles_______ 329.5 247.6 577.1 2, 090. 5
Stream and lake bank protection______ Square yards..
Acres.. _____
157,136
4,854. 2
447, 787
689, 686 846, 822 9,206
Treatment of gullies'—Area treated____ 10,373. 5 303.2
650,462
15,227. 7
Bank sloping________________________ Square yards.. 1, 098, 249 74, 788
Check dams;
Permanent___ __________ Number_____ 1,421
2,857
3, 233,848
935,277
17,846
7,114 8,535
Temporary ____ _ _______ Number_____ 3, 254
1,363,978
303, 524
41, 761
3.7
6,111
4, 597,826
1,238,801
59, 607
1,324
Seeding and sodding__________________ Square yards.. 217,855
Square yards..
Linear feet___
Tree planting, gully ________________
Ditches, diversion . ______ ________ 3,490
Terracing. _ __ ___________________ Miles________ 3.7
Sheet erosion planting Acres.. _____ 50 377.5 427.5
Limestone quarrying__ _ _____ ______ Tons. _____ 155, 261
91, 204
155,261
Miscellaneous erosion control work____ Man-days____ 91,204
Clearing ana cleaning:
Channels _____________________ Square yards.
Acres _______
556, 296 .556, 296
Keser voir sites _ ___________ 1, 079.1 1, 079.1
Excavation:
Earth ______ ______ _______ Cubic yards. ..
Cubic yards...
Linear feet----
46,332
124
1,358,992
29,255
1,405,324
Rock__ _ __ _______________ 29, 379
Pipe lines and conduits______ 22, 042 22 042
Riprap or paving:
Rock or concrete_______ __________ Square yards..
Square yards..
9, 261
4,649
243, 090
2,780
252,351
Brush or willows___ ____________ 7,429
Water-control structures:
Concrete or masonry__________ ___ Cubic yards...
Feet b. m___
400 6, 755 7,155 1
Wooden _ _ __________ 11,189 40, 025 51,214 3,149
Number of structures__ ________ Number_____ 110 260 370 7
Field planting or seeding (trees)_______ Acres________ 260 7,469.6
2,333. 5
41,820
7, 729.6
2,333.5
49, 715
Forest stand improvement Acres ____
Nurseries _ ___ __________________ Man-days___. 7,895 283
Tree seed collection:
Conifers (cones) _ ______________ Bushels______ 120 201 321
Hardwoods _________________ Pounds______ 2, 559
41, 003
13, 621
70, 401
16,180
Fighting forest fires_______________ ___ Man-days.—. 111,404
Fire breaks ___________________ Miles________ 26.7 1,122.6 1,149. 3 55.3
Fire hazard reduction-
Roadside _______________ Miles________ 327.9 461.2 789.1
Trailside ____________ __ Miles_____ — 185 411.3 596.3
Other _______________ Acres________ 17, 918.9
35,997
41, 492.4
30, 321
59, 411.3
Fire presuppression-_________________ Man-days____ 66,318
Fire prevention _ _ ________ Man-days___ 326 3,257
36, 593
3, 583
Tree and plant disease control__ ____ Acres________ 12,398.2 48, 991. 2 148
Tree insect pest control ____________ Acres_______ 45, 778.3
28.6
64,275. 5
621.7
110, 053. 8
650. 3
9, 371.4
Beach improvement ______________ Acres. _ _____ 2
Fine grading, road slopes, etc_________ Square yards..
Acres. _____
1, 724,222
821
5, 392, 790
1,399. 3
5,863
7,117, 012
2, 220.3
10, 500
Lake or pond site clearing_______ _____
Landscaping, undifferentiated____ __ Acres__ _____ 4, 494. 7 10,357. 7 95
Moving and planting trees and shrubs_
Obliteration:
Number____ 726, 341 1,959, 656 2, 685,997 520,7
Roads - __________________ Miles________ 34.5 124 158.5
Trails ____________________ Miles________ 23.5 49.3 72.8
Borrow pits __ _____________ Man-days____ 19,941 111, 055
986. 014
130,996
Parking areas and parking overlooks----- Square yards.. 77, 758 1, 063, 772 5,310
Public camp ground development __ Acres. ______ 497.4 943.8 1,441.2
1,380
1,806
16, 474
242.2
Public picnic ground development_____ Acres ______ 157.4 1, 222. 6 219.8
Razing undesirable structures_________ Number ___ 454 ' 1,352
Seed collection, flowers, grasses, etc__ _ Pounds . ___ 1,801 14, 673
1,228
651. 6
Seeding and sodding _ ___________ Acres _______ 3,031. 2
2,149. 3
3,674.6
76,193
4, 259. 2 4,477.8
Soil preparation (fertilizing, etc.)_ _ __ Acres. _____ 2,800. 9 5.6
Vista or other selective cutting for eflect.
Walks; concrete, gravel, cinder, etc-------
Acres 372. 6 4, 047. 2
Linear feet___ 50,132 126,325 11,800
Fish-rearing ponds ___ ___________ Number_____ 67 30 97 2
Food and cover planting ____________ Acres. _ _____ 82.3 2,354. 7
58,694
2, 437 3
Lake and pond development--------------- Man-days____ 3,237 61,931
158 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Nat io na l Par ks Tab le 13.—Statement showiny work accomplished at Civilian
Conservation Corps camps under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service
July 1, 1935-June 30, 1936—Continued
Item Unit
Total work accomplished from July 1, 1935, to
June 30, 1936
New construction
Maintenance—
national
parks and
monuments
National
parks and
monuments
State
parks
Combined
total national
parks
and State
parks
Stocking fish____ ___________________ Number, ___ 4,189,400
30.9
637
3, 670
43,148
348
12, 734
2,584
42
57
3,440
2,656
83
749,411
38.7
4,938,811
69.6
637
20, 083
51, 521
4,134
299,358
9,334.3
141
937
8,903
3,972
392.5
2,123
533,960
30,008
14,975
512
2,141
880.1
210
3, 658. 2
89, 921.3
543, 705
10,142
69, 713
19, 926
Stream development__________________
Emergency wildlife feeding___________
Miles____ : __
Man-days___
—
Other wildlife development__________ Man-days— 16,413
8,373
3,786
286, 624
6,750.3
99
880
5,463
1,316
309.5
2,123
466, 610
12,115
12, 393
57
2,141
718.1
112.6
2, 644. 9
73,882.8
5, 876
6, 551
42, 551
596
247
Education, guide, and contact station
work.
Emergency work—Searching for or
rescuing persons.
Emergency work—Other______________
Eradication of poisonous weeds or exotic
plants.
Experimental plots___________________
Man-days____
Man-days____
Man-days____
Acres________
—
Number __
Insect pest control____________________ Acres________
Maps: Type, topographic, etc_________ Man-days____
Relief maps and models________ ______ Man-days— -
Marking boundaries__________________ Miles________
Mosquito control_____________________ Acres________
Preparation and transportation of materials.
Reconnaissance and investigation—Archeological.
Reconnaissance and investigation—
Other.
Restoration of historic structures______
Man-days____
Man-days____
67, 350
17,893
2,582
455
Man-days____
Numbers____
Rodent control _____________________ Acres________
Surveys:
Grade lines______________________ Miles________ 162
97.4
1, 013.3
16, 038. 5
537,829
3, 591
27,162
19,330
Ground water __________________ Acres________
Lineal__________ _______________ Miles________
Topographic- ____________________ Acres____ ___
Type____________________________ Acres -----
Other—. _______________ ______ Man-days____
Tree preservation____________________ Man-days___
Man-days____
454
Unclassifiable________________________
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
(Joh n Col li er , Commissioner)
FOREWORD
Aii annual report on Indian affairs, were it adequate, would be
a report on the whole life of a race. What follows describes governmental
activities and only through shadowy implication reveals
the forces of life working within the reviving Indian population of
more than 230 tribes and bands.
For many decades the Indians were thought of, and they thought
of themselves, as a dying race. Numerically they were dying. As
battling groups they had lost their fight. As civilizations their day
was ended.
Then very gradually but unmistakably the Indians’ life-tide
seemed to turn. The critical change goes back a decade and a half,
or longer. Three years ago, the basis of Indian law was altered.
Indian law had presumed the cessation of Indians. The changed
law presumed their permanence and their increase. Indian Service,
the Indians’ mind, the general public’s mind, became hopeful of the
Indians’ future. This future would be realized in terms of numbers
increasing, not dwindling; of property-holdings increasing, not continuing
to melt away; of cultural values preserved, intensified,
and appreciated and sought for by the white world, and no longer
treated as being significant only in terms of an outlived or crushed
primitive world.
All of these evidences of new birth and new assurance have been
forthcoming in the recent years, and never so richly as during the
year just closed. The population record alone is an impressive one.
Indians are increasing faster than any other group in the United
States. Full-blood Indians are increasing at more than one percent a
year. This, although the preventable morbidity rate is still excessive.
From 1887 to 1932, the average diminishment of Indian landholdings
was 2,000,000 acres a year. Now, an increase is recorded at the
rate of hundreds of thousands of acres a year. But the land-supply
of fully half the Indians is all but hopelessly insufficient. Their
economic level, by and large, is still the lowest in the United States.
The renascent Indian spirit has shown two great evidences. One
of these is the universal, eager response of Indians to the opportunity
to work, and their faithfulness and technical capacity when em-
98234—36------ 12
159
160 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
ployed. The other is the adoption by more than 180 tribes of the
Indian Reorganization Act, and their self-control and enterprise in
organizing their common life under the authorities of the act.
There follows a condensed report of the Government’s Indian
Service activities for the year closed.
CONTENTS
Page
Indian organization------------------------ 160
Applied anthropological research_________________________________ 164
Arts and Crafts Board--------------------------------------------------------------- 165
Indian justice administration reorganized---------------------------------------- 165
Education____________________________________________________ 166
Health_______________________________________________________ 174
Extension and industry_________________________________________ 179
Relief and rehabilitation________________________________________ 184
Construction__________________________________________________ 186
Soil conservation______________________________________________ 187
Indian emergency conservation work--------------------------------------------- 189
Indian lands and minerals; tribal claims----------------------------------------- 191
Probate work_________________________________________________ 196
Forestry and grazing___________________________ 198
Irrigation____________________________________________________ 199
Roads_______________________________________________________ 201
Personnel administration________________________________________ 203
Employment of Indians_________________________________________ 204
Appropriations________________________________________________ 205
Appendix (Indian population)____________________________________ 207
INDIAN ORGANIZATION
The reorganization of Indian tribes has continued, with accelerated
pace. The vote by tribes on the Indian Reorganization Act had been
largely completed at the end of the fiscal year 1935, and in the year
just ended the effort was devoted almost entirely to the building of
constitutions and bylaws, and tribal charters. This phase of work
under the Indian Reorganization Act is now well advanced, and the
year 1936-37 should see an even greater progress.
Last year’s report provided a brief history of the downwardspiraling
trend of Indian resources and Indian morale from the
passage of the General Allotment Act in 1887 to the enactment of
the Indian Reorganization Act in June 1934. It might be useful to
repeat here these facts:
Resume of Indian Reorganization Act principles.—The present
law prohibits further allotments and the selling of Indian lands except
to the tribes; it restores to the tribes the unentered remnants of
the so-called surplus lands of those allotted reservations which had
been thrown open to white settlement; it authorizes annual appropriations
for the purchase of land for landless Indians; provides for
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 161
the consolidation of Indian lands, and sets up a process which enables
Indians voluntarily to return their individual landholdings to the
protection of tribal status, thus reversing the disintegrating policy.
Close study of the Indian Reorganization Act reveals that a greater
part of the act deals with land, directly or indirectly.
Two other principles of the greatest importance are embodied in
the act; namely, the right to the use of credit, by which tribal enterprises
may be fostered, and the right to protection in self-government,
by which Indian tribal life may be restored and perpetuated.
Organization goes ahead.—On June 30, 1936, 45 tribes had written,
voted upon and accepted constitutions and bylaws, and all but three
on that date had received official approval by the Secretary of the
Interior. These 45 tribes represent an Indian population of 62,852.
Five reservations, having a population of about 10,000, voted to reject
the constitutions and bylaws written by their councils or constitutional
committees. In such instances further elections must be held either
on the same constitution or on revised drafts. The rejection of a
constitution was usually the result of a local situation peculiar to the
reservation, and the action of the tribe did not necessarily indicate
dissatisfaction with the instrument voted upon or a reversal of attitude
toward the Indian Reorganization Act. In one case the total
vote cast was less than 30 percent of the voting population, and therefore
another election must be held.
. Indian vote is large.—In the annual report of last year, reference
was made to the active participation and interest of the Indians in
the referenda just then completed, and the fact that 62 percent of
all the adult Indians came to the polls and cast their ballots. During
the past year interest has not only been maintained but has increased.
A few tabulations show that an even larger percentage participated
in the elections on the constitutions and bylaws than took part in
the referenda. For instance, constitutional elections for the four
tribes under the Winnebago Agency in Nebraska were held in February
during subzero weather, when roads were blocked by snow and
ice; yet, under such conditions there were 338 more votes cast in
the four elections on the adoption of constitutions than there were
in the election on the act. The percentage of increase was 43 percent.
Constitution carefully drafted to meet local needs.—All of these
constitutions and bylaws have some provisions in common; some few
of them are near-duplicates of one another. Considering that certain
underlying principles were included in each, that representative
government was to be established, that certain enumerated powers
were to be assumed, that land was to be protected; and considering
also that legal phraseology tends to frighten men’s thoughts into
verbal stiffness, there still is discernible some considerable play of
162 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
tribal individuality in these documents. The instruments drafted by
the San Carlos Apache Tribe and the Santa Clara Pueblo, to mention
but two examples, are exceedingly interesting for the skillful way
in which they give expression to local needs. It is of interest to
note that in the State of Montana, South Dakota, North Dakota, and
Nebraska, only two reservations among those which accepted the act
failed to organize under constitutions and bylaws within this first
year of active organization work. The voters of these two reservations
(Standing Rock and Yankton) rejected the proposed constitutions,
and their councils are now studying the problem of future
procedure.
Incorporation of tribes begun.—Only one group, the Confederated
Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation, had been
incorporated at the close of the fiscal year, its charter having been
ratified on April 25. At several other reservations election dates had
been set, and active work was under way on 22 reservations. Incorporation
of a tribe means that the tribe is in a position to apply for
credit from the revolving loan fund, and that it can set up tribal
enterprises to develop resources in land, timber, fisheries, etc. It
is a goal toward which all tribes seriously interested in gaining some
measure of economic self-sufficiency are striving.
New elections reguested, but legislation reguired.—At the close
of the fiscal year 1935, only a few tribes had not voted on the question
of accepting or rejecting the application of the Indian Reorganization
Act, and a few others fell into the category of those which
had voted on the act but without 30 percent of the eligible voters
participating. One tribe in this category, the Walker River Indians
of Nevada, voted November 17, 1934, with only 20 percent of the
eligible voters participating, and of those voting a majority was
opposed to the act. A new election was called for June 17, 1936,
and the result was a vote of 64 percent of the eligible list, with
62 percent of those voting favoring the act. If we may judge
by the number of requests for a second chance to vote which have
come from tribes which previously had voted to exclude themselves
from the Indian Reorganization Act, it seems safe to assert that
the Walker River experience would be repeated many times, if other
tribes were allowed to vote again. These other tribes, however,
had expressed their wills in elections in which 30 percent or more
of the voting population had participated; hence, in accordance with
the amendment to the Indian Reorganization Act of June 15, 1935,
no further elections can be held on the subject without specific or
general legislation on the jpart of Congress. As time passes, and the
Indians gain knowledge and understanding of the benefits afforded
by the act, their sentiment is swinging more and more positively
toward the program of the administration.
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 163
The Alabama and Coushatta Indians of Texas, who had not previously
voted, did so on June 17, 1936, at an election in which 84
percent of the eligible voters participated, and almost 100 percent
were in favor of the act; to be exact, 123 votes were cast and 122
were in favor of it. A second instance of a tribe which had not
previously voted was that of the Oneida Indians of New York,
who voted on June 18, 1936, and, following the example of other
New York tribes, voted to exclude themselves from the act. Finally,
there are 11 small jurisdictions, mostly California rancherias, which
either had not voted or upon which less than 30 percent of the members
had voted. No requests for reelection came from these groups;
consequently, they are accepted as being under the act.
There are now a total of 181 reservations and rancherias under
the Indian Reorganization Act, representing a population of 133,000
Indians.
Reorganization Act extended to Alaska.—On May 1, 1936, the
President gave his approval to the Alaska Act (Public, No. 538),
which will “extend certain provisions of the act approved June 18,
1934 * * * to the territory of Alaska, to provide for the designation
of Indian reservations in Alaska, and for other purposes.”
This act will extend the organization and credit features of the
Reorganization Act to the 30,000 Alaskan natives, who in the past
have seen their land rights almost universally disregarded, their
fishing rights increasingly invaded, and their economic situation
grow each year more desperate.
Oklahoma Act embraces reorganization principles.—Of major importance
likewise was the passage of the Oklahoma Indian Welfare
Act (Public, No. 816), which was approved June 26, 1936, and which
extends to the Oklahoma Indians the right to share in the program
of self-government, corporate organization, credit and land purchase.
These rights and privileges had been denied them in the legislation of
2 years ago. In addition to sharing in the revolving credit fund and
land-purchase funds on an equal footing with other Indians of the
United States, a special appropriation of $2,000,000 was authorized
by Congress for loans to cooperative associations and for other credit
purposes. The Osage Tribe, wealthiest of all Indian tribes by reason
of its tribal oil holdings, held in common, is excluded from the scope
of the new law.
These two acts of Congress will make necessary an increased effort
on the part of the organization division of the Indian Office. At the
end of the year surveys had not yet been completed to indicate how
extensive will be the work in these new fields.
Definition of an Indian raises problems .—Section 19 of the Indian
Reorganization Act defines the term Indian to “include all persons
of Indian descent who are members of any recognized Indian tribe
164 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
now under Federal jurisdiction, and all persons who are descendants
of such members who were, on June 1, 1934, residing within the present
boundaries of any Indian reservation, and shall further include
all other persons of one-half or more Indian blood.” The first two
conditions of Indian status are quite clearly defined, but the third
condition, that referring to Indians of one-half degree or more of
blood, has made necessary the development of a research procedure
the possibilities of which have not yet been fully explored.
Local initiative must be protected.—By the close of the year, the
first fruits of tribal organization began to appear in the form of
resolutions and ordinances from tribal councils. Many of these legislative
acts, as provided for in tribal constitutions, require formal
approval by the Secretary of the Interior; also, many new and unsolved
questions of law and policy have arisen in connection with
such tribal actions. It will be increasingly important, as organization
takes effect among the tribes, that the Indian Office shall devise
a new practice in Indian administration. The temptation will be
great, on occasion, to make decisions in Washington on matters
■which, when referred to the Office or the Department for decision,
should be returned to the point of origin for local action. With the
best intentions in the world, the Office can in effect fasten a blight
upon local self-government before it is ever an established fact. It
will require sleepless vigilance on the part of the Office and of the
Indians themselves to prevent any such unwanted anticlimax.
Mention has not yet been made of the need for educational followup
work among those tribes which have organized themselves. It
was not the least important by any means of the necessities which
the closing year made apparent, and it will be among one of the first
things of importance for some years to come. Administration can
do much, but at best it can only make opportunity. The Indians
must explore that opportunity and in time develop it; and in this we
can offer friendly guidance; no more.
APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH
The Indian Service has continued to make effective use of the findings
of anthropological and other social-science research in working
out practical problems in Indian administration.
In January, Dr. Scudder Mekeel, an anthropologist who had done
considerable scientific work on contemporary Indian problems, succeeded
Dr. Duncan Strong, who had been loaned by the Bureau of
American Ethnology until a permanent man could be found to take
charge of the Applied Anthropology Unit. Since Dr. Strong was
called by his own organization to lead an expedition in Honduras,
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 165
the Bureau of American Ethnology has continued to cooperate by
loaning, temporarily, Dr. Julian Steward to work with Dr. Mekeel.
A number of anthropological collaborators were sent out to various
tribes. Their object has been to gather facts that will help to insure
that the constitutions being drawn are based on the actual social
organization and institutions of the particular tribe or group, thus
giving reasonable assurance that such constitutions will become an
integral part of tribal life. Also, collaborators were sent out to observe
the workings of constitutions already accepted, so that any
political or social conflicts could be noted and rectified early.
A physical anthropologist has been temporarily employed to assist
in determination of the degree of blood of certain Indians who have
petitioned to come under the Indian Reorganization Act through
section 19.
INDIAN ARTS AND CRAFTS BOARD
The Indian Arts and Crafts Board was appointed just after the
close of the fiscal year. Its membership consists of: John Collier,
Commissioner of Indian Affairs, chairman (acting); Mr. E. K. Burlew,
Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Interior (acting)
; Mr. W. W. Beatty, Director of Education, Indian Service; Dr.
A. V. Kidder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington; and Mr.
Lorenzo Hubbell, of Oraibi, Ariz. A permanent chairman has not
yet been chosen.
Mr. L. C. West has been appointed general manager, and Mr.
Rene d’Harnoncourt as assistant to the general manager.
Briefly, the Board’s powers are: (1) To undertake market research
to determine the best opportunity for the sale of various products of
Indian handiwork or manufacture; (2) to engage in technical research
looking toward improvement of Indian products; (3) to
engage in experimentation directly or through selected agencies; (4)
to correlate and encourage the various governmental and private
agencies engaged in similar activities; (5) to assist the management
of operating groups in the furtherance of specific projects; (6) to
assist appropriate agencies in obtaining loans to aid in the production
and sale of Indian products; (7) to create Government trade marks
of genuineness and quality for Indian products, and to establish
standards for the use thereof; and (8) to license the use of such
trade marks. The Board has no power to act as a dealer itself.
INDIAN JUSTICE ADMINISTRATION REORGANIZED
Since 1884, reservation Indians have been subjected to arrest, trial,
and imprisonment by Indian Service officials and by judges chosen
and removable by the superintendent of the reservation. This system
166 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
has been subject to continued criticism by Indians, by members of
Congress, and by Indian welfare societies. Several earlier administrations
initiated studies designed to reform the administration of
justice on the Indian reservations, but none of these studies resulted
in any substantial reforms.
Under the new law and order regulations, Indian Service Officials
are prohibited from controlling, obstructing, or interfering with the
functions of the Indian courts. The appointment and removal of
Indian judges on those reservations where courts of Indian offenses
are now maintained is made subject to confirmation by the Indians
of the reservation. Indian defendants will hereafter have the benefit
of formal charges, the power to summon witnesses, the privilege of
bail, and the right to trial by jury. The offenses for which punishment
may be imposed are specifically enumerated, the maximum of
6 months labor or $360 fine being imposed for such offenses as assault
and battery, abduction, embezzlement, fraud, forgery, misbranding
and bribery. These offenses are not now punishable in any State
or Federal court when the offense is committed on reservation land
and when only tribal Indians are involved.
In addition to this criminal jurisdiction, the Indian courts will,
in the future, have authority to handle civil cases between tribal
Indians.
The revision of law and order regulations is one step in the program
of the present administration to eliminate obsolete regulations
and bureaucratic procedures governing the conduct of Indians, and
to endow the Indian tribes themselves with increased responsibility
and freedom in local self-government. Other Indian Service regulations
which have recently been subject to critical revision are those
dealing with the inheritance of Indian estates and with the use of
Indian grazing lands.
These regulations are subject to modification in the light of local
conditions by each tribe organized under the Indian Reorganization
Act.
EDUCATION
Integration with community life.—During the past year a strong
effort has been made to integrate Indian education more deeply with
the actual living experiences and the environment of Indian children.
With increased emphasis on community life, the school is becoming
more and more the focal point for community interests and activities.
No longer are classes held for the school children alone. The
basis now is that of a parent-child cooperative program.
The school or community shop is becoming a popular place for
the men to repair their tools; men and women come in to the school
to sew, to bathe and wash their hair and clothes, for help on home
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 167
problems, to attend clinics, and, in some cases, at night to learn
to read and write. Nursery schools have been established in a
number of the older boarding schools. Child care is part of every
older girl’s training.
Parents contribute a wealth of information on spinning, weaving,
and dyeing materials, in drying foods, and in making pottery,
basketry, and leather goods, in conjunction with the general program
which is being encouraged in all of the Indian schools and communities.
An increased effort is being made to preserve the rich
contribution which Indian arts and crafts have to make to the
culture of future generations.
A concrete example of community interest is the Red Lake day
school, near Leupp, Ariz., where a group of several Indian families,
interested in home gardens, built and paid for an irrigation dam,
by means of which an ample food supply was provided for their
school and community.
This changed emphasis on the interrelationship of school and community
life is true not only of the day school but of many of the
boarding schools as well. Greater emphasis is being placed on more
practical work, such as special agricultural and homemaking courses.
At one school, 3-week short courses were provided throughout the
year for mothers and girls in outlying communities. School and
home gardens have been made by children and teachers. School
hothouses and hotbeds provide tomato, cabbage, berry, and flower
plants for the homes. Poultry clubs are a part of many homemaking
courses. Home furnishing increasingly is taught in terms of the
homes from which pupils come. The furniture and furnishings are
simple, but of a practical and durable type that can be made and
paid for by an energetic homemaker.
A caution must be imposed on those schools which are situated in
tribes whose archaic pattern of culture and government still persists,
along with archaic moral and economic customs and sanctions and
with prestige systems coming down from old time. To shift to the
community school the prestige and responsibility now vested in the
native institutions might easily, and almost unconsciously, blight the
as yet undestroyed ancient values and kill the energies which have
served practical and spiritual need for many ages. The all-embracing
community school distinctly is not indicated for such complex,
self-contained, and traditionally potent small-group situations as are
represented by many of the Pueblo tribes. Here, the program must
be self-restrained and very tentatively experimental. Meantime, in
such situations there is abundant work for the school which only
supplements and in no manner supplants the “native” resources.
168 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Exhibits of arts and crafts.—The contemporary arts and crafts
of the Indian have been, brought before the public during the year
through the interest taken by the Interior Department in the Texas
Centennial and the Great Lakes Expositions. The exhibits collected
for this purpose will become a valuable part of a permanent Indian
collection to be used in promoting further arts and crafts activities.
Health education.—In keeping with general educational trends,
an attempt is being made to develop health education through all
departments and agencies concerned with Indian life. An effort is
being made to utilize opportunities in health instruction as they
occur in the daily activities of community centers and boarding
schools, as well as of clinics, sanatoria, and hospitals. Teachers and
Indian assistants are participating increasingly in the educational
phases of health supervision. Special training for this purpose was
made a part of the summer institute program.
Trades, industrial, and agricultural training.—Improvement is
being made in the trade, industrial, and agricultural training courses
and types of training for both young people and adults.
Instructors of agriculture have been added to the teaching staffs
of several reservation schools, making possible development of training
programs organized around the type of agriculture or animal
husbandry dominant in the various communities. The programs
include development of individual student farm projects on Indian
school land and on land owned by the students or their parents.
Trade and industrial training programs are being reorganized particularly
at reservation schools and community day schools to stress
the acquisition of skills which are bound to be a part of the experience
of the students in later life in their own environment.
Indian girls and adults, both men and women, are being encouraged
to participate in the training programs arranged in these fields of
education to meet local needs.
At the Phoenix Indian School training for adults in operation,
maintenance and repair of tractors has been established on an individual
training basis under a competent instructor. Adult students
are admitted to this school under a reasonable tuition plan when it is
shown that they can profit by such training. This school admits
students from all parts of the country.
Traveling library and visual education.—A beginning has been
made in the establishment of an inter jurisdictional traveling library
and visual education service in southern Arizona to insure full utilization
of library and educational resources. The day schools of one
or two jurisdictions are to be used experimentally as centers for the
distribution of books, magazines, visual education material, music
records, and other library material which will be circulated to adults
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 169
as well as students. A specially constructed book and motion-picture
truck has been designed to serve these purposes. The service will
also bring educational and entertaining sound motion pictures and
radio broadcasts to Indian communities. The central library has been
established at the Phoenix Indian School, Phoenix, Ariz., under a
competent librarian, and the visual education and motion-picture
activities will be carried on by a specialist in this field. Other Indian
reservation areas throughout the country are being studied with the
possibility in view of extending similar services.
Attendance in public schools.—The number of Indian children attending
public schools is increasing. In most cases, the Federal Government
pays tuition in order to secure adequate education facilities.
A multiplicity of factors presents an ever-changing problem in determining
what part the Federal Government should assume in support
of public schools. Among the more important are: (1) Type and
quality of school actually maintained; (2) amount of money needed
to maintain a suitable school adapted to the needs of Indian as well
as white children; (3) amount and value of nontaxable Indian lands;
(4) methods of taxation; (5) amount of State support for education;
(6) basis of distribution of State support; (7) maintenance and capital
outlay costs; (8) changing legislation affecting school finances;
(9) distribution of Indian children; (10) attitude of whites toward
Indians; (11) social backgrounds; (12) economic conditions of
Indians. In some States funds paid for tuition are used primarily to
provide services of special benefit to Indian children. In certain sections
of the country, due to adverse economic conditions, it is necessary
to furnish lunches, and sometimes clothing, for children in public
schools. This service results in increased attendance and a better
quality of work. In some areas seriously affected by adverse economic
conditions, it has appeared wise for the Indian Service to reassume
responsibility for the operation of schools at one time run by local
officials.
The problems vary greatly in the different States, from conditions
in Oklahoma, where more than 75 percent of the Indian children
attend public schools to those in Arizona, where the percentage is
very small. In Oklahoma, the number of Indian children is 5 percent
of the total scholastic population, and more than 4 percent are
enrolled in public schools. In Arizona, the number of Indian children
is 11 percent of the total scholastic population, and only 6 percent
are enrolled in public schools; the majority of the children are
in Government Indian schools.
Traveling mental hygiene clinic.—The special handling of handicapped
and problem children has become an increasing challenge to
the Indian Service as its personnel has become more sensitive to the
170 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
needs of this group. In the Indian’s native culture, handicapped children
were cared for by the community, with neighbors and relatives
sharing in the provisions for their comfort. As this culture has been
demoralized or stripped of responsibility by the infringement of a
foreign culture and the past oppressions of governmental policy, social
controls and community organizations have tended to break down,
necessitating an increasing amount of care for handicapped children
on the part of the Federal Government.
The problems presented by the mentally defective, physically
handicapped, incorrigible, and dependent children in Oklahoma have
been found to be so acute that establishment of a special institution
has been recommended. To analyze the problems and to see just
what classes of children should be cared for, representatives of the
Indian Service, in cooperation with Dr. Forrest N. Anderson, director
of the Los Angeles Child Guidance Clinic, as psychiatrist,
and psychologists from the University of Oklahoma and Northeastern
State Teachers College, spent 9 weeks holding clinics in various
parts of Oklahoma. School social workers, education field agents,
and teachers in boarding schools referred 540 cases to these clinics
for various reasons, given approximately as follows: Inability to
make normal school progress, 25 percent; truancy, 15 percent; physical
and health handicaps, 15 percent (more than twice this number
were found to need medical care) ; general loose type of behavior
(restricted to older adolescents, consisting usually in drinking, promiscuous
sex relations, loafing, refusal to attend school, and antisocial
conduct such as thievery), 20 percent; mental and emotional
handicaps, 15 percent; and miscellaneous behavior problems, of
which stealing was the most prominent, 10 percent. Half of the
cases referred to the clinics were between 14 and 18 years of age.
Complete examinations were made of 235, and 75 more were
examined partially.
The most important causal factor in all of the cases presented is
the demoralization and disintegration of economic and social life.
Two-thirds of the children referred to the clinic come from broken
homes caused by the death of one or both parents, divorce, separation,
or desertion. Emotional instability is present in at least half of
the homes studied. The situation is basically an economic one; many
Indians in the State live in abject poverty. Other causes of misbehavior
include parental indulgence, low degree of mentality, inability
of rural schools to secure skilled personnel and modify their
programs to meet the specialized needs of such children, and the
absence of suitable community life.
After conferring with a large number of field workers and viewing
the problems from many angles, the clinic recommended: (1) EstabOFFICE
OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 171
lishment of a special institution, or separate unit in an existing institution,
for children above the level ordinarily committed to State
homes for feeble-minded, but sufficiently dull to need special training;
(2) provision for permanent clinical psychiatric and psychological
service; (3) adaptation of boarding-school programs to give
older retarded boys and girls the necessary training to make a living
and to make good homes; (4) establishment of an opportunity class,
or special ungraded class at each boarding school (some are already
functioning within the State) ; (5) provision for better hospitalization
at schools not having needed facilities; and (6) provision for
home placement.
Social work.—The recognized scope of school social work, introduced
into the Indian Service in an effort to reduce institutionalization
of Indian children in boarding schools and to assist in their
adjustment in home and public school, is expanding as it becomes increasingly
obvious that the welfare of the school child cannot be
isolated from the general welfare of the group of which he is a part.
The school social worker, therefore, finds a fundamental approach to
the needs of the school child through participation in the general program
of the jurisdiction, concerned as it is with economic rehabilitation
and with the organization of Indians for self-maintenance and
self-direction as well as with education and family welfare. The
jurisdictions, in turn, are finding value in the application of social
work principles and techniques to various phases of jurisdiction
work, much of which is essentially welfare work.
With the reduction in boarding-school enrollments, provision for
the care of dependent Indian children was essential. Children who
could not be cared for by friends or relatives have been placed in
foster homes through public or private agencies and, in a few
instances where no adequate foster-home program could be instituted,
some have received care in small dormitories, usually run by missions,
from which they attend the local public schools. For 2 years
a contract has been in effect with a private agency in the State of
Michigan, the Michigan Children’s Aid Society, to provide placement
and supervision in boarding homes for dependent Indian children for
whom suitable care could not otherwise be provided. In California
the arrangements are made for individual children in cooperation
with the county and the State. The Oregon placement program has
been under the supervision of our State superintendent of education,
who obtains such assistance as is available from local agencies.
Recently the first contract between a State and the Indian Office
for social services was made with the State of Wisconsin. A type
of service similar to that mentioned above is now provided for
Wisconsin Indian children through the foster-home division of the
172 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
State public schools. Child welfare services of the juvenile department
of the Wisconsin State Board of Control are extended to
Indians throughout the State. State workers and county children’s
boards are already showing increased interest in discovering the
needs of, and planning for, the welfare of Indian children; and
efforts are being directed toward improvement of family and community
conditions and the provision of recreational outlets in an
attempt to reduce delinquency and to promote child welfare.
The United States Children’s Bureau, cooperating with the Indian
Service, has appointed a special worker to study present child welfare
work in the Indian Service and to plan means of extending
to Indian children those services available under the Social Security
Act and administered by the Children’s Bureau; namely, maternal
and child health services, child welfare services, and services to
crippled children.
During the year three young Indian women—a Cherokee, a Choctaw,
and a Chippewa—who had been employed as Indian assistants
qualified for classified positions by further social-work training and
experience. Two of these became school social workers and one an
assistant community worker.
Educational loans.—For some time there has been a growing
awareness on the part of those concerned with Indian education of
the necessity for trained native leadership if Indian education is to
be a reality to the Indian people. One of the major objects before
us has been to secure for Indians the technical and professional
training necessary for the successful handling of their own affairs.
Toward this end Congress appropriated in 1935, $175,000 under the
Indian Reorganization Act, for scholarship loans to Indians, and
a gratuity fund of $15,000 for the payment of tuition and fees in
nonsectarian schools. Thirty-five thousand dollars of the total
amount appropriated for loans was available for education in high
schools and colleges and $140,000 for training in recognized
vocational schools.
Candidates for scholarship loans are recommended by local educational
loan committees from each reservation. An effort is made
to search out the most able and promising young people for advanced
training. Loans are made on a competitive basis, on recommendations
made by the reservation loan committees. Preference
is given to those students having the higher degree of Indian blood,
other qualifications being equal.
While there has been a small educational loan fund available in
the past, we have been able for the first time, this year, to meet in
anything like adequate measure the demand for the training of native
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 173
leadership. As against a total of 204 students in colleges and vocational
schools in 1935 it has this year been possible to aid 399 students
to attend colleges, universities, and vocational schools. A
majority of these young people have held their own in competition
with white students, often in spite of inadequate scholastic preparation
and the handicap of differences in language and environment.
Many have lacked the understanding and backing of their people at
home and the understanding and appreciation of those with whom
they must live and work. For many of these students, it is a pioneering
job, and they have given a good account of themselves.
The great majority of those receiving scholarship loans are hoping
to return to work among their own people. This year nine Indian
loan students completed training to become teachers, six were trained
as nurses, four as teachers of home economics, and one as a social
worker. These will be offered opportunity to enter the Indian Service
on an apprentice basis. There are 42 different courses being taken
by educational loan students from 30 States; the total number having
educational loans was 399; the total in college, 258; the total in vocational
schools, 141. The distribution by degree of blood was as
follows: Full bloods, 104; less than full blood but one-half or more,
173; less than one-half but one-fourth or more, 121.
Indian primers.—It has long been recognized that there was a
dearth of textbook material suitable for the specialized Indian education
program. Plans have been under way for development and
publication of materials dealing with subject matter in a manner
applicable to the particular needs of the Indian child. Miss Rose
K. Brandt, supervisor of elementary education, has been detailed for
a period of time to work exclusively on the preparation and publication
of a series of primers for Indian children. The first of these,
Feast Day in Nambe; Shaker, Our Monkey; and Shaker’s Health
Book, have just recently been completed and printed as student projects
by the Haskell Institute and Chilocco printing departments.
The selections have been written by the Indian children themselves
in a class project and have been edited only slightly. The linoleum
block illustrations were made by some of the older children at Santa
Fe school and give a pictorial description of the subject matter.
Other books of the series are in process of completion and additional
work in this field, embracing work in mathematics and social science,
is contemplated for this coming year.
The Alaska school service.—Mr. Claude M. Hirst was appointed
director of education for natives of Alaska and entered on duty in
March 1936. He has supervision of the 99 day schools and 2 boarding
schools conducted by the Office of Indian Affairs for the Indians
and Eskimos.
174 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
All schools were in operation during the past year, although a few
started late because of the difficulty of securing transportation for
new appointees to their isolated posts.
During the past year the Alaska Service was brought under
civil-service regulations, and new appointees are now selected from
appropriate civil-service registers of eligibles. Community workers,
qualified to teach, are being appointed at isolated stations. The
day schools in Alaska are extremely isolated, and it is necessary that
the teacher (or community worker) serve as physician and nurse,
and supervisor of gardens, cooperative stores, reindeer activities,
marketing of furs, purchasing supplies, recreation, economic enterprises,
and village government. Greater emphasis is being placed
upon the development of native arts and crafts as a part of the
educational system.
There is urgent need for replacement of shacks which, in many
instances, now serve as schools and teachers’ quarters. There are
about 25 villages with 25 or more children of school age in each,
which have never been provided with schools. Appropriations for
salary for community workers for two new schools (Minto and
Nanavanaglak) have been secured for this coming year.
Mr. Frank Daugherty, teacher at the Point Barrow school, was
detailed to make a survey of conditions from Point Barrow east to
Demarcation Point, due to reports of an epidemic of mumps and
shortage of food and fuel. Marauding wolves have greatly decreased
the reindeer herds in this region. The emergency situation
was handled locally. This office is cooperating with other Government
agencies in helping the natives in their battle against the
wolves. Mr. Daugherty was the first Government official to go beyond
Flaxman Island since the cutter Bear set the boundary mark
more than 20 years ago. His report is eagerly awaited.
HEALTH
Increased appropriations for the fiscal year 1936 ($3,486,085 for
1935; $4,011,620 for 1936) have made possible real progress in Indian
health work. Personnel has been enlarged in the badly understaffed
hospitals and field service; new hospitals are being built and
others are being remodeled; and the basic task of preventive work
is at last being measurably accomplished.
New personnel.—The personnel was increased to 160 full-time and
76 part-time physicians, 378 staff nurses, 105 field nurses, 15 nurses
at large, 1 special expert in tuberculosis, 2 special physicians (tuberculosis),
13 full-time dentists and 13 part-time dentists, and 673
other miscellaneous health personnel. There are also employed seven
special consultants.
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 175
New hospitals.—During the year a new hospital with a capacity
of 38 beds was completed and opened to receive patients at Colville.
Wash. This institution is modern in construction and equipment
and already is doing splendid work. It is fully staffed to serve
surgical as well as general cases.
On June 30, 1936, there were under construction 12 hospitals,
located as follows:
Bed capacity
Fort Yuma, Ariz________________________________________________ 25
Cass Lake, Minn________________________________________________ 34
Blackfeet, Mont_______________________________________ 45
Crow Agency, Mont_____________________________________________ 30
Western Shoshone, Nev___________________________________________ 20
Zuni, N. Mex____________________________________________________ 34
Cherokee, N. C__________________________________________________ 28
Warm Springs, Oreg______________________________________________ 21
Crow Creek, S. Dak______________________________________________ 24
Yankton, S. Dak_________________________________________________ 25
Sisseton, S. Dak_________________________________________________ 34
Fort Duchesne, Utfh_____________________________________________ 24
Remodeling and enlarging projects were carried on at:
Additional beds
Taos, N. Mex______________________________________________ 8
Standing Rock, N. Dak_____________________________________ 17
Claremore, Okla___________________________________________ 40
Kiowa, Okla____________________________________________________________ 25
Rosebud, S. Dak___________________________________________ 17
Cheyenne River, S. Dak_____________________________________ G
The above-mentioned projects are in varying stages of completion.
When all are completed, they will add approximately 325 beds to the
present Indian Service hospital capacity.
There has been a vast improvement in both construction and equipment
of Indian Service hospitals during the past few years. The
newer institutions have been constructed of fire-resisting material and
have been fully supplied with modern equipment. Even with these
new facilities, the need for hospitalization is far beyond existing or
early hoped-for capacity.
Excluding infirmaries of less than 10 beds capacity, there were in
operation this year 91 hospitals and sanatoria, with a capacity of
3,743 beds, 109 cribs, and 267 bassinets. Of this number, 15 are
sanatoria, with 1,257 beds.
Indian ~birth and death rates.—During the fiscal year the Indian
birth rate, as shown by reports admittedly incomplete, was 24.3 per
thousand, and the death rate was 15.1 per thousand. In 1911 the
Indian death rate was reported as 35.6 per thousand and the birth
rate 36.1 per thousand live births. The present balance of 9.2 addi-
98234—36----- 13
176 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
tional to each 1,000 denotes a population increasing, and not
vanishing.
Health surveys; anti-tuberculosis vaccination.—A survey begun
last year at Pima and Papago in connection with the tuberculosis
campaign there has been continued and the follow-up work undertaken.
Surveys have been extended to Shoshone, Wyo., and Blackfeet,
Mont. At both these reservations there are now special
physicians working under the direction of Dr. Joseph D. Aronson,
special expert in tuberculosis, in carrying out the tuberculosis program
inaugurated a year ago.
During the past year, Dr. Aronson has administered B. C. G.
vaccination or given control injections to about 500 tubercularnegative
school children on the Papago Reservation. The infants
and preschool children will be attended to later. He has applied the
tuberculin test to approximately one-half of the population (5,000)
on this reservation, and has completed a fairly accurate mortality
census.
From April 18 to 25, tuberculin tests weife conducted on
school children in Hennepin County, Minn., by Dr. Aronson in conjunction
with the State health authorities. A total of 1,301 tests
were performed in this area.
Dr. Aronson is at present making a preliminary survey of the
tuberculosis situation at the Shoshone Indian Agency, Fort Washakie,
Wyo.
In addition to the above-mentioned surveys, there was also made
a survey at Zuni and at Taos by Dr. William Palmer Lucas, a specialist
in child hygiene and nutrition; and a survey in Oklahoma covering
the mental condition of children of school age. Two counties in
Oklahoma were surveyed for general health conditions, and a dental
survey was made in Alaska. Figures from these latter-mentioned
studies are not yet available. Cooperative relationships have been
entered into with the Oklahoma State Board of Health in the development
of a five-county, full-time district health unit. This gives
to approximately 25,000 Five Tribes Indians a full-time adequate
health service.
Cooperative work has continued with the Public Health Service
in a survey of the basillary dysentery infection among the Pueblo
Indians of New Mexico. Preliminary reports show among the Pueblo
Tribes a high infestation rate, ranging from 14 to 40 percent.
Dental clinics on wheels.—Two additional mobile dental clinics
were supplied during the year, which will enable the traveling dentists
to whom they have been assigned to accomplish a great deal
more work for the Indians under very much improved conditions.
To each of these clinics is assigned a young Indian who has had
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 177
training to fit him to assist the dentist and to act as driver and
mechanic for the automobile.
Trachoma school.—For the past 2 years the Health Division has
operated a trachoma school at the old Theodore Roosevelt School
site in the Whiteriver Apache jurisdiction. Here a concentrated
effort has been made to gather together and treat as many as possible
of the trachomatous Apache children of school age. Specially trained
physicians and nurses are giving them intensive treatment in order
to effect cures in as short a time as possible. Results have been most
encouraging. During the first 10 months of the past year there were
treated for trachoma in this institution 222 patients, of whom 108
were discharged as cured or improved and 4 unimproved. Of those
being treated for other eye conditions, 32 were discharged as cured
or improved and 2 unimproved. This undertaking will be continued
here at least for the present, and will be extended to other jurisdictions
wherever conditions will permit.
Dr. Francis I. Proctor, trachoma consultant to the Indian Service,
died July 8, 1936. His death is a great loss to the medical field in
general and to the Indian medical work in particular. He was untiring
in his efforts to assist in eradicating trachoma from the Indian
race.
Preventorium for underweight children.—At Fort Totten, N. Dak.r
advantage has been taken of the building space made available by
the closing of a boarding school to establish a preventorium, in which
50 undernourished children have been placed under observation.
Every effort is being made to bring them up to normal physical
condition, and frequent examinations are made to detect the possibility
of tuberculosis in its very early stages. The success of this
institution has been so marked that we shall double the number of
children there in the coming year.
Nursing service.—There has been some increase in the number of
nurses in the hospital service. Many of the institutions are still much
understaffed, however, and the increase of the hospital utilization has
made the need for more nurses acute in certain locations.
The school for ward attendants which was opened in the fiscal
year 1936 graduated 17 students this June. Girls with this type of
training will be of great assistance to the nurses in the understaffed
institutions. They will be assigned to the simpler types of nursing
duties under the supervision of the graduate nurses, thus enabling
the graduate nurses to give more care to the seriously ill patients.
Reports on these students have been very encouraging; they have
shown interest, initiative, and adaptability. Three of these graduated
students have already been assigned to duty and positions will
be established to provide employment for the remaining 14. There
178 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
have been requests for these students in various sections of the
country.
There has been an increase in the employment of Indian girls
who are graduate registered nurses. There are now 56 Indians on
the nursing staff as compared to 42 last year at this time.
The field nursing program covering control of communicable disease,
maternity and infancy hygiene, and health supervision, has been
continued. The increase in demand for this type of service shows a
constructive attitude and interest in the community health program.
Three field nurses have been assigned to duty on a cooperative
basis with the five-county health unit in eastern Oklahoma. This is
the first service of this kind provided for the Indians of these
counties.
Three nurses were assigned to the special tuberculosis program.
Two of these had post-graduate courses at Phipps Institute in order
to prepare for this work. One of the staff nurses at the Shoshone
Hospital is taking a course in X-ray technique in order to assist in
the tuberculosis program being carried out at this reservation.
There has been an increase in the number of trachoma nurses. Several
nurses have taken special post-graduate courses in order to qualify
better for this work. The special nurses in eye work are teaching
the staff nurses eye nursing work, under the direction of the supervisory
trachoma nurse, while on detail to the various hospitals. It is
hoped that in this way the demand for nurses who have special preparation
in trachoma nursing will eventually be met. It was not
possible to secure a sufficient number of nurses qualified to do trachoma
work from the Civil Service register and we therefore found it
necessary to promote a type of in-service training. The majority of
the nurses who at this time are assigned to trachoma work have
learned this branch of nursing since coming into the Indian Service.
Nursing-school survey.—Arrangements have been made to have a
survey made by the National League of Nursing Education concerning
the feasibility of establishing a school of nursing at some one of
our larger institutions, such as Fort Defiance or the Kiowa Hospital.
There are social as well as educational values to be considered. This
association is recognized as thoroughly familiar with the standards
of nursing service as well as education and has therefore much to
contribute to a critical examination of the effectiveness of our work.
To bring to the Indian Service the standards recognized as essential
by the best authorities in the medical world has an invigorating
influence on our planning and development.
Alaska medical service.—In August 1935 Dr. J. F. van Ackeren
was detailed by the United States Public Health Service as director
of the Alaska Medical Service, with headquarters at Juneau, Alaska.
Dr. van Ackeren has familiarized himself with the Alaska work durOFFICE
OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 179
ing the past year by visiting the six native hospitals and as many as
possible of the 23 field-nurse stations.
Miss Elinor D. Gregg, director of nursing for the Office of Indian
Affairs, made a trip to Alaska during the fall of 1935 to acquaint
herself with the needs of the Alaska Service. Miss Bertha M. Tiber,
formerly field nurse at Wainwright, has been appointed supervisor of
nurses for Alaska and is planning a better organization of the
Alaska nursing service. Appropriation for the salaries of two additional
field nurses has been secured for the next year.
Dr. Taylor J. Pyle, formerly traveling dentist in the Alaska
service, has been made supervisor of the dental work; and contracts
are being made with the local dentists whereby dental service will
be rendered to the natives on a fee basis. This plan will save the
Government many thousands of dollars in traveling expenses.
The Presbyterian Mission Board has turned over to the Office of
Indian Affairs its hospital at Point Barrow, Alaska. An appropriation
has been secured for repairs and supplies, and for salaries of
two nurses and a physician. Arrangements are under way for the
taking over of this hospital by the Indian Office July 1, 1936.
No progress has been made in securing new hospitals for Alaska.
Hospitals are particularly needed at Bethel on the Kuskokwim, at
Ketchikan, and at Seward. New buildings are urgently needed at
Kanakanak and Kotzebue; the present buildings are in such a dilapidated
condition that it is impossible for a hospital staff to render
adequate service.
Cooperation with other organizations.—The cooperation heretofore
maintained with the United States Public Health Service, with
the usual detail by them of personnel to the Indian Service, has been
in effect throughout the fiscal year 1936.
The death of Dr. C. T. Messner, our dental officer (who was detailed
from Public Health), was a serious loss to Indian medical
work.
Cooperation with other organizations has been continued, and further
cooperation with local health organizations is being developed.
This refers especially to the five-county cooperative arrangement that
is now being worked out with the State health officer of Oklahoma.
EXTENSION AND INDUSTPvY
This division works toward better living standards for Indians,
by seeking to teach the wise use of their physical resources. Its
programs are tied closely to local reservation problems and assets,
and they are worked out in cooperation with the Indians.
Indian extension work made progress in 1935, but has not yet fully
recovered from the effects of the 1934 drought. The crop year was
below normal on most reservations.
180 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
All of the figures which follow are for the calendar year 1935, and
consequently do not show the losses which will follow from the 1936
drought. These losses, from reports received at the end of the
fiscal year, will be tragically severe on the Dakota and eastern Montana
reservations, and in eastern Oklahoma.
Cattle.—Arrangements were effected with the New Mexico Rehabilitation
Corporation whereby approximately 8,800 head of cattle
were turned over to Indians, the greater part of which were distributed
on northern reservations which were drought-stricken in
1934.
Many of the drought-relief cattle received from the Federal Surplus
Relief Corporation during 1934 were found to be unsuitable for
foundation herds, and a decrease of 6 percent in the number of
Indians owning dairy cattle, and a decrease of 18 percent in the
number of animals owned was recorded due to such losses. The
number of Indians owning beef cattle remained practically stationary
during the year. The number owned increased approximately
2 percent. These figures should be considered with the fact that
8,482 head were slaughtered during the year and 44,766 head were
sold.
Total income received from cattle: 1933, $266,698; 1934, $659,143; 1935, $1,415,453.
Dairy cattle Beef cattle
1933 1934 1935 1933 1934 1935
Number of Indians owning___________
Total number owned_______________
Average value per head______________
Total value
6, 336
16,406
9,133
25, 711
$23. 07
$593,127
2,171
$36, 008
3, 500
$245
8, 556
20,966
$37.85
$793,526
1, 001
$22, 229
10,151
$1,235
8, 627
167, 313
13, 787
229, 343
$18. 95
$4, 346, 307
36, 046
$578, 070
547,179
$44,820
13, 812
233,974
$31.10
$7, 276,265
44, 766
$1,305,875
880, 947
$86,114
Number of live animals sold__________
Amount received___________________
Pounds dressed meat sold____________
Amount received____________________
252
$3, 603
12, 284
$210,609
793, 063
$52,486
The increased income from beef cattle was due, in part, to
improved market conditions.
A strong effort was made to have Indian cattle owners become
members of cooperative livestock associations. A total of 53 such
organizations were in operation at the close of the year.
Sheep and goats.—The overgrazed condition of the Navajo range
demanded additional reduction in the numbers of sheep and goats
in that area. The dipping records of the Bureau of Animal Industry
show the following comparative figures in the number of sheep
units:1 1933, 1,013,606; 1934, 942,059; 1935, 801,406. The revised
1 The term “sheep unit” here includes grown sheep, lambs, rams, goats, and kids. Lambs
and kids are figured on the basis of two for one grown animal. The term does not here
include cattle and horses.
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 181
dipping records of the Soil Conservation Service show a still further
reduction to 795,789 sheep units at the dose of the year. There is
need for still further reductioii.
In spite of the decrease in the number of sheep in the Southwest,
increases were recorded throughout the Service as a whole.
1 Includes proceeds from drought purchases of Federal Surplus Relief Corporation.
Sheep Goats
1933 1934 1935 1933 1934 1935
Number of Indians owning_______ 7, 527 9, 213 8,714 5,842 7,681 6,296
Number owned. _ _______________ 1,051, 079 901, 765 1, 005, 345 353,190 215, 566 158,119
Number of live animals sold______ 94, 226 156, 571 207, 528 2, 654 150,884 23, 480
Pounds dressed meat sold_______ 202, 530 101, 450 85, 693 43, 625 31,450 47,685
Amount received from sales of live
animals__ ... - -- -------- -------- $306,652 $366, £46 $738, 680 $3,872 1 $156,478 $41, 588
Amount received from sales of
dressed meat_________________ $18, 240 $9, 686 $11, 036 $5,672 $2, 786 $4,059
Amount received from wool and mohair sales: 1933, $460,635; 1934, $505,919; 1935, $549,506.
Total income from sheep and goats; 1933, $795,071; 1934, $1,041,815; 1935, $1,344,869.
Swine.—The swine project continued to show effects of the 1934
drought. The number of Indians owning swine decreased 16 percent
and the number owned decreased 7,980, or about 25 percent,
from 1934. Over 60 percent of the swine owned are on Oklahoma
reservations.
Horses and mules.—Better bred horses are greatly needed on many
reservations. A total of 66 purebred stallions and 2,463 mares
were purchased. In some sections there are far too many wild horses
which use range that should be put to more productive use. A total
of 11,512 horses were sold during the past year. At the close of 1935,
a total of 41,543 Indians owned 133,482 horses.
Poultry.—Indian poultry raising continued to show the effects
of the 1934 drought. Efforts were directed mainly toward encouraging
poultry raisers to supply fresh eggs for family use, and some
birds for consumption rather than for commercial activities. Turkeys,
however, are grown for the commercial market.
1933 1934 1935
Number of Indians owning_____________________________________ 18,322 19,638 16, 823
Number poultry owned__________________ ___________-___ ___ - 356,139 363,384 341, 603
Number live birds sold „ ____________________________________ 61,932 73,013 86, 773
Pounds dressed poultry sold _ _____________ __ ______ 55,161 77, 946 59, 564
Amount received from sales dressed poultry_____________________ $10, 356 $16, 745 $15, 799
Number birds slaughtered for family use _ ____ ___________ 78, 640 90, 291 118,630
Estimated dozens eggs produced________________________________ 1,357; 774 1,397,485
Navajo sheep-breeding laboratory.—An appropriation of $60,000
was made for the establishment and $15,000 for the operation of a
sheep-breeding laboratory on the Navajo Reservation. Efforts will
182 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
be directed towards building up a breed of sheep adapted to Navajo
Reservation climatic conditions, whose wool will be suitable for the
making of Navajo rugs, and at the same time salable on the open
market. This work was carried forward in cooperation with the
Department of Agriculture.
Farming.—-While the 1935 season was below normal in most sections,
there was considerable recovery from the 1934 drought. The
total acreage cultivated by Indians was 583,452.46, an increase of
approximately 14 percent over 1934. The acreage planted in various
cereal crops showed an increase of 3.36 percent over 1934, while
yields increased 84 percent. Cotton yields increased 64 percent,
and sugar beets 111 percent over 1934. The acreage of forage crops
remained practically stationary, but yields showed an increase of
55 percent. A total of 27,956 families planted 28,624 acres of gardens.
Production of various garden products showed a considerable
improvement over 1934, examples being potatoes, 20 percent; corn,
107 percent; squash, 55 percent; tomatoes, 78 percent.
Horticultural projects continued to make progress. Yields of tree
and vine fruits showed an increase of 168 percent. A total of 6,243
fruit trees was set out on various allotments during the year. Yields
of small fruits showed a 53 percent increase, and 18,144 new units
were planted.
4-77 club work.—This work is valuable not only in giving boys
and girls training in better agricultural and homemaking practices
but also as a demonstration to the parents of the value of improved
practices.
1932 1933 1934 1935
Total members enrolled -______ - ___________________ 3,871
2, 871
3,336
2,467
74.16
4, 375
3,195
3,324
2,398
73.02
4,290
3,128
3,581
2,511
72.91
294
5,138
3, 566
4,261
3,197
69.04
334
Total members completing ________________________________
Number different members enrolled ______________________
Number different members completing_____________________
Percentage of completions _ - _______________________________
Number of clubs _ _ _ _________________________________
Home extension work.—Home extension projects continued to
make progress during the year. Canning projects showed the following
results in quarts: Fruits, 501,112; meats, 65,950; vegetables,
435,170; and fish, 45,326. Drying projects showed the following results
in pounds: Fruits, 221,974; meats, 558,985; vegetables, 740,969;
fish, 156,400. It is estimated that we assisted 7,721 homes in canning
projects and 5,754 homes in drying projects. A total of 108,818
pieces of clothing were made and 2,700 homes were helped in clothing
activities. A total of 1,633 homes adopted improved nutrition
practices.
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 183
Farm and home building.—Construction and remodeling of farm
and home buildings continued to receive attention. A total of 1,286
new dwellings were constructed at an estimated cost of $488,295, and
1,800 were remodeled with an estimated resulting increased value of
$226,050. A total of 477 new barns, 136 hog houses, 298 poultry
houses, and 119 granaries were constructed. The project on sanitation
of home surroundings resulted in the building of 810 toilets.
General extension work.—The following figures summarize general
extension work:
Extension workers made 142,711 farm and home visits during the year. A
total of 336,314 office and 78,779 telephone calls were received. Workers wrote
72,641 letters; prepared 1,481 circulars, of which 90,614 copies were sent out;
and distributed 43,330 bulletins. Exhibits were shown at 1,422 events; 190
meetings were held for local leaders, at which 2,587 were in attendance; 3,383
demonstration meetings held, with an attendance of 41,230; 198 tours conducted,
with an attendance of 1,666; 118 achievement days held, with an
attendance of 27,417; and 4,325 other extension meetings held, with an attendance
of 100,409. Local leaders held 2,540 meetings, with an attendance
of 82,120. All meetings held during the year totaled 12,452, with a total
attendance of 82.129.
Cooperation with other organizations.—Close cooperation was
maintained by extension employees and workers of other divisions.
Employees of the Education Division were very helpful in promoting
4—H club work and home extension activities. County and home
demonstration agents were also of assistance in forwarding the program
of work. The agricultural colleges in the various States, the
State relief and rehabilitation corporations, the Department of Agriculture,
and the Resettlement Administration also rendered valuable
assistance. On Southwest reservations, efforts wTere directed toward
working closely with the Soil Conservation Service.
Revolving credit fund.—Administration of the credit revolving
fund authorized by the Indian Reorganization Act was placed upon
the Extension Division. The act authorized a fund of $10,000,000,
of wdiich $2,500,000 was appropriated in the 1936 Budget. Of the
appropriated amount, $50,000 was authorized for administrative expenses.
An additional $2,000,000 was authorized by the Oklahoma
Indian Welfare Act of June 26, 1936 (Public, No. 816). A supervisor,
5 district credit agents, 1 administrative assistant, and 4 clerks
and stenographers have been appointed. Rules and regulations governing
use of the funds were formulated and approved. Economic
data have been gathered as to resources of 14 reservations which have
come in under the act. Plans for use of the funds include provisions
for making loans to corporations, which may be reloaned to individual
Indians and partnerships, cooperatives and credit unions, and which,
may be used to finance the development and operation of corporate
enterprises.
184 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Reimbursable loans.—The appropriation for industrial loan purposes
for the fiscal year 1936 was $150,000, as compared with $325,000
for the previous year. All but $548 of this sum was allotted the various
jurisdictions. The drastic reduction in funds curtailed industrial
development on a number of reservations. In some instances
available tribal funds assisted materially in carrying forward programs
which otherwise would have been cut down. A total of $187,-
844 was allotted to 24 jurisdictions during the year from tribal reimbursable
funds. The greater proportion of loans from these two
sources was of an industrial nature. According to reports which have
been received, only $12,355 was expended for subsistence loans.
Thirty-six young Indian boys and girls obtained educational loans
totaling $6,137.50 from their respective tribal loan funds.
Coming demands.—The attainment of the goal of self-support by
the Indians is to an important extent dependent upon a successful
extension program. Sound planning, rather than haphazard use
of Indian resources and credit, is essential. Results achieved by extension
workers in the past have fully demonstrated that the Indians
are receptive to the work. The fewness of the extension staff, however,
makes it impossible for the Indians to receive the amount of
help they seek and need. The growth of their livestock enterprises
and the guidance which they need in order to insure sound economic
use of the revolving credit fund make it urgent that a more adequate
staff be provided. Funds are also sorely needed for demonstration
purposes, in order that the Indians may be shown more vividly
the value of improved practices and the need for husbanding their
resources.
The social side of extension work should also receive more attention
than it is possible to give to it at the present time. Home improvement
and recreation are some of the important phases of this work
which deserve attention.
RELIEF AND REHABILITATION PROGRAM
Rehabilitation.—In February 1936, the President allotted to the
Office of Indian Affairs $2,000,000 of emergency funds (later reduced
to $1,913,204 by the retransfer to the Treasury of $86,796). According
to the terms of the allotment, $1,396,750 of the total was to be
used to finance the rehabilitation of Indians through loans and grants
for house and building construction; land improvement; development
of water supply; and small self-help projects, such as furniture
and handicraft shops, canning kitchens, and sewing projects.
The sum of $33,954 was set up as an administrative fund; and $482,-
500 was earmarked for direct relief.
The allotment of the rehabilitation fund enable the Indian Office
to commence an enterprise which it had long desired to undertake.
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 185
The deplorable condition of thousands of Indian homes has long
called for the development of a program to build sound, livable, but
minimum-cost houses, suited to the Indian’s needs. In addition to
these houses, it was desired to construct the outbuildings necessary as
adjuncts to small farming or subsistence garden operations. Another
great need was for buildings to house self-help endeavors, and
for money with which to start and operate self-help projects. The
whole program was to be aimed in the direction of a permanent increase
of the Indian’s capacity to produce and sustain himself.
This goal was continuously observed in the conduct of the program
which was undertaken on the strength of the allotment of the
rehabilitation fund. With it, was coupled the objective of putting
to work as many Indians as possible out of the great number requiring
work relief.
Allocations of the fund were made to 68 Indian jurisdictions. In
conjunction with the Works Progress Administration, rules and regulations
were adopted whereby superintendents had authority to
certify Indians as eligible for work relief under the program. A
small administrative staff was set up in Washington, and a contract
was entered into with the architectural firm of Alfred Fellheimer
and Steward Wagner of New York for the development of designs
for houses and self-help buildings suited to the needs of the Indian.
It was originally ruled that the entire fund must be expended by
June 30, 1936, but this requirement was later relaxed, allowing work
on a number of the major projects to be continued after that date,
with a resulting increase in the efficiency of the work performed and
in the number of relief workers, as distinguished from exempt skilled
workers, who could be given employment.
Particular emphasis was placed on the development of a number
of communities along the subsistence-homestead plan, which commonly
contemplates a fairly compact group of houses and garden
tracts, with adjacent small individual farms, or farm-and-garden
land cultivated communally. Thus there were developed so-called
rehabilitation communities under the Sacramento Agency, in Lake
County, Calif., where some 40 new homes were constructed; at the
White Earth Reservation in the Consolidated Chippewa jurisdiction,
where another 40 houses, together with the necessary barns and outbuildings,
were constructed; at Fort Totten Agency, N. Dak., 13
houses; at Burns, Oreg., under the Umatilla Agency, 26 houses; on
the Lower Brule Reservation, under Crow Creek Agency, 17 houses;
on the Swinomish Reservation, under Tulalip Agency, 18 houses; on
the Seger School Reserve, under Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency, 13
houses; and under the jurisdiction of the Five Civilized Tribes in
Oklahoma, communities of 30 homes each near McCurtain and Wilburton
were completed. A large number of other new houses were
186 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
constructed for individual families. A still larger number of Indian
homes were repaired, and a large amount of work was done in the
construction of buildings to house self-help enterprises.
As of June 30, 1936, a recapitulation of the work thus far performed
under the rehabilitation program showed that disbursements
and commitments totaled $779,617. A total of 4,830 individuals had
received 595,856 man-hours of employment. It was estimated that
upon completion of the program more than 2,000,000 man-hours of
employment will have been produced. A total of 604 new houses had
been completed or were under construction; 561 new outbuildings
had been completed or were under construction; 280 buildings to
house self-help enterprises were completed or under way; and some
899 houses had been repaired. In addition to those given diiect
employment, an estimated total of 4,698 Indian men and 4, <99 Indian
women had been benefited through self-help projects, and an estimated
6,000 individuals stood to be benefited through the work of
house construction and repair.
Relief from other soivrces.—Aside from this specific program,
needy Indians continued to share in other forms of relief. A small
amount of money for relief is available each year from regular
Indian Service appropriations. A number of W. P. A. projects have
been approved on and in the vicinity of Indian reservations. These
gave not only the opportunity for Indian employment but were the
means of securing such sorely needed physical improvements as
buildings, fences, sidewalks, and canals. Indians participate in the
distribution, through the States, of surplus commodities, in addition
to receiving direct shipments of clothing from stocks surplus to the
War Department and other governmental units. A number of Indians
have been accepted as resettlement and rehabilitation clients.
Some have received help through the National Youth Administration.
No source of help is being overlooked.
Social-security program.—Dvecvag 1936, a beginning was made toward
the participation by Indians in the benefits of the social-security
program, as conducted by those States having Indian populations.
Such benefits include old-age assistance, aid to dependent
children, services for crippled children, child-welfare services, and
aid to the blind.
CONSTRUCTION
Construction accomplishments during the year included numerous
day schools, hospitals, quarters for employees, heating and power
plants, water and sewer systems, and irrigation developments. The
entire program has been made possible by allotments fiom the Public
Works Administration. Included in the larger and more important
structures which have been completed and are now in use are
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 187
the Indian addition to the Ah Gwah Ching State Sanitorium, Minnesota;
the Salt River Day School, Arizona; Sacaton Day School,
Arizona; and the Colville Hospital, Washington. Practically all of
the 47 day schools in the Navajo area were completed and placed in
operation.
The Central Navajo Agency has also been brought nearly to completion.
This project included the construction of an administration
building, Indian council house, quarters for employees, heating and
power plant, water and sewer system, and numerous other buildings.
This development is built entirely of native stone and was designed
by a firm of architects who have made an intensive study of the type
of architecture most suitable to the Southwest area. More than 90
percent of the labor on this project has been done by Navajo Indians.
Funds have also been made available from the Public Works appropriation
for the construction of several large and important
hospitals. The largest of these will be a combination 150-bed tuberculosis
sanatorium and a 75-becl general hospital at Talihina, Okla.
Plans and specifications for these projects are being rushed to completion
and it is expected that construction will be started at an early
date. Contracts have been let, and construction is progressing on
hospitals at Yuma, Calif.; Blackfeet and Crow Agencies, Mont.;
Sisseton, Yankton, and Crow Creek Agencies, S. Dak.; and Cass.
Lake, Minn. Other hospitals are being erected by force account at.
Zuni, N. Mex.; Warm Springs, Oreg.; and on the Western Shoshone
Reservation, Nev. Field studies were completed for the new Sioux
sanatorium to be located at Rapid City, S. Dak., and plans for this
institution, which will have more than a 100-bed capacity, arerapidly
nearing completion.
In the last 12 months approximately $8,000,000 has been expended
by the Indian Service for projects financed from the appropriation
for public works.
The construction personnel both in the Washington office and the
field offices (located at Albuquerque, N. Mex.; Billings, Mont.; and
Muskogee, Okla.) has been increased to take care of the additional
work.
(See also the discussion, on p. 185, of the construction work being
done under the rehabilitation program; and p. 183’ for a description
of construction done in connection with our regular extension work.)
COOPERATION WITH SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE
The work of protecting the foundation of all Indian life—of
checking erosion, of reducing the disastrous wastage of the soil, and
of rebuilding its vegetative cover and fertility—has been continued
and greatly expanded during the year, with the active cooperation
188 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
of the Soil Conservation Service of the Department of Agriculture.
The results achieved by this cooperative effort have been so startling
and convincing that cooperative agreements with the Soil Conservation
Service were made for work on the Shoshone Reservation and
the Warm Springs Reservation. A survey and planning unit was
created by the Soil Conservation Service to study Indian reservations
and, on the basis of these studies, to prepare plans and programs
for erosion control, soil conservation, and proper land use, to
be carried out by the Indian Service. Initially this survey and planning
group studied conditions on the Gila River, Pima, Walapai,
the Havasupai, the Uintah-Ouray, and the Jicarilla Reservations.
Eight additional reservations are to be surveyed and studied by this
unit during the coming year. Aerial maps covering 12 reservations
were contracted for to aid the work of this Soil Conservation group.
For the Navajo Reservation soil conservation and range management
plans for 19 grazing units were started by the integrated Indian
Service and soil-conservation administration during the year, and
plans for 2 of the grazing districts were completed. In the Pueblo
jurisdiction range-management and soil-conservation plans for five
pueblos were completed. Laguna and Acoma Pueblos formally
agreed to the stock reduction of almost 50 percent prescribed by the
range-management plans, and immediately carried out a proportion
of the total stock reduction contemplated for the initial year. Both
on the Navajo and the Pueblo areas convincing demonstrations showed
the Indians that a limited number of ewes on good grass would supply
a larger number of lambs and a greater amount of wool than could
be obtained from twice the number of ewes maintained without proper
management on a depleted range.
On the basis of the results already achieved, it is planned to extend
the cooperative work of the Indian Service with the Soil Conservation
Service to additional reservations during the fiscal year ahead.
The integrated Indian Service and Soil Conservation Service in the
.Pueblo and Navajo areas has supplied a new type of administrative
procedure suggestive to the whole of Indian Service and to Federal
service generally. Each of these jurisdictions represents the consolidation
of a number of prior smaller jurisdictions. Much power from
the Washington office is delegated to the superintendents and their
local staffs in these two areas, and while preserving all requisite technical
distinctions, Indian Service and Soil Conservation Service are
functionally integrated. A more effective centering of service and of
program in very local areas is made possible. A new structure of
Indian administration is taking form in these two regions.
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 189
INDIAN EMERGENCY CONSERVATION WORK
Indian emergency conservation work meets a twofold need. It has
provided employment and it has improved reservation lands.
Through this work Indians are becoming trained for self-support on
reservations which, through conservation of their resources, may some
day become self-sustaining sources of an adequate livelihood.
I. E. C. W. ended its third year on June 30, 1936. Liberalized
regulations which gave the Indian Service the supervision of this
work on Indian reservations continued. Wholehearted cooperation
has been given by the Department to all our efforts, and Director
Fechner, through his sympathetic consideration and cordial cooperation,
has aided materially in advancing the work.
The sum of $9,000,000 was allotted for the fiscal year 1936—
$1,000,000 less than for 1935. The decrease somewhat handicapped
the I. E. C. W. program, but effective results were achieved nevertheless.
Enrollment and employment.—It is estimated that approximately
30,000 Indian enrollees have been employed since work began in 1933.
The total average daily number of men on the pay roll during the last
3 years has been 8,941 and the men have worked a total of 8,985,773
calendar days. Some of the agencies staggered employment.
Indians were given preference for employment in supervisory jobs
and enrollees were taken over into them as rapidly as they could be
trained. It is difficult to find Indians technically trained as foresters
and engineers. However, a large number of group foremen, mechanics,
machine operators, camp assistants, and assistant foremen
have been Indians. In skilled, “facilitating”, and supervisory positions,
the average per month up to and including March 31, 1936,
shows 589 Indians employed as against 479 whites.
Indian enrollees are permitted to work from camps or from their
own homes. They are paid $30 per month cash allowance, as in
white C. C. C. camps, with quarters and food in camp. Where Indians
live at home and subsist themselves, they are allowed commutation
of $15 per month for quarters and rations.
The family camp is encouraged. This arrangement is advantageous
to the Government and beneficial to the Indians. Family
camps permit regular employees of the Service to visit Indian groups
frequently and to help them in sanitation and health problems,
recreation, and welfare activities.
Health and accidents.—Few work-connected accidents were reported;
there was some illness, and there were very few deaths.
Special stress is placed upon safety. By arrangement with the Red
Cross, first-aid schools were held at seven centers during the past
year. Certificates were given to 194 Indians, of whom 113 qualified
190 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
as instructors, thus providing personnel for a thoroughgoing first-aid
training program.
Production accomplishments.—Varied work projects were undertaken
on 74 reservations in 23 States. Work has been carefully
integrated with the developmental program for each reservation.
Tribal authorities and the technical staff at each agency assisted the
superintendent in planning. Water development was stressed. Soilerosion
work was intensified. Every consideration was given to preventing
overgrazing. Check dams and other structures were built
to prevent the washing away of rich soil. Water is urgently needed
in all States lying between the Mississippi River and the Rocky
Mountains.
A statement of the major activities undertaken during the period
July 1933 to April 30, 1935, follows:
Telephone lines---------------------------------------------------------- miles— 4, 469
Firebreaks___________________________________________do----- 1, 614
Truck trails--------------------------------------------------------------do----- 5, 212
Horse trails-------------------------------------------------------------- do----- 1, 622
Fences______________________________________________ do----- 6, 385
Springs and well development--------------------------------------- units— 3,145
Impounding and large diversion dams------------------------------do----- 2, 546
Insect-pest control------------------------------------------------------acres— 652, 058
Rodent control------------------------------------------------------------do----- 4, 402, 319
Erosion control, check dams------------------------------------------units— 61, 774
Bridges:
Vehicle-------------------------------------------------------------- do------ 543
Stock___________________________________________ do------ 179
Corrals--------------------------------------------------------------------do------ 127
Elimination of useless range stock--------------------------------- head— 246, 963
In health and morale the Indians benefited. Reservation values
have increased. The work undertaken has proved the necessity of
establishing long-range programs for reservation activities.
Disbursements analyzed.—Analysis of disbursements from Emergency
Conservation funds for the period ending March 31,1936, shows
that pay-roll items (including shelter and subsistence, commutation
thereof, and feed and hire of teams) amounted to 71.3 percent of the
total funds spent. Purchases of heavy equipment totaled 7.1 percent.
Supplies and materials accounted for 13.7 percent. Purchases of
equipment were kept to a minimum consistent with efficient work.
However, the equipment purchased definitely increased the amount of
work accomplished.
Education.—This past year greater stress has been laid on education
and recreation. This program, which is developing hopefully,
is characteristically decentralized and flexible, resting upon local initiative.
Plans have been modified according to the needs of each
reservation but are unified and coordinated through office and field
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 191
supervision. Training on the job, leisure-time activities, including
both athletics and adult education, and special projects, such as the
first-aid instructors’ training, were the three typical means employed.
The nature of the training has been vocational rather than academic.
In all respects, results were due in large measure to generous voluntary
assistance of regular Indian Service and technical employees and
from outside sources.
Opportunities for leadership.—-Leadership training has been a major
objective. Indian enrollees commencing at minimum pay may,
by application and industry, progress through minor positions .to
higher brackets, such as group foreman or even project manager.
The Indians have welcomed this opportunity. Many have shown
dependability and real leadership. There has been a gratifying number
of promotions, and several from I. E. C. W. were able to obtain
employment at higher wages in the Indian Service and elsewhere.
Savings accumulated.—Indians have saved their wages and in many
instances have purchased household equipment, clothing, and some
livestock. Approximately $1,500,000 has been deposited during the
past 3 years as individual Indian money, and a substantial balance
remains available for use by the Indians later on.
Indians at Worh.—This semimonthly magazine continues to be
popular not only with the Indians and Indian Service personnel but
also with schools, organizations, and individual friends of the Indians.
Twelve thousand copies are now being sent out each 2 weeks.
INDIAN LANDS AND MINERALS—TRIBAL CLAIMS
New Indian lands.—The purchase of lands under the Navajo-
Arizona Boundary Extension Act of June 14, 1934 (48 Stat. L. 960),
has been practically completed. A total of 310,146.37 acres has
been bought with tribal funds, as authorized by the act, and added
to the Navajo Reservation. (This figure includes pending negotiations
which will be completed in the very near future.) There are,
however, a few isolated white-owned tracts within the reservation
which cannot yet be purchased because the vendors demand a price
far above the actual worth of their property. Under acts of Congress
approximately 21,500 acres of land have been added to the
Fort McDermitt Reservation, Nev.; and 80 acres to the Jicarilla Reservation,
N. Mex., and authority has been granted the Secretary of
the Interior to set aside not to exceed 17.1,200 acres of land for the
Indians of the Walker River Reservation, Nev. Substantial progress
is being made in the purchase of lands within the various pueblos
with funds awarded them pursuant to the Pueblo Lands Board Act
as amended. There are 28 additional tracts that have actually been
acquired at a cost of $12,001.26, and options obtained on many more,
98234—30——14
192 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
final action on which, is delayed pending completion of probate
proceedings in the local courts. Lands have been acquired for school,
hospital, and other administrative sites involving 18 tracts covering
approximately 222 acres. Pursuant to authority contained in section
5 of the Indian Reorganization Act of June 18, 1934 (48 Stat. L.
984), options have been obtained covering 127,681.67 acres for a total
cost of $985,474.79. Of this total, options covering 111,887.37 acres
have been accepted by the Department at a cost of $859,431.71. Title
papers have been submitted covering 65,790.04 acres for a total
consideration of $607,076.
In cooperation with the Resettlement Administration, which took
over those functions of the land program of the Federal Emergency
Relief Administration concerning the so-called submarginal land
acquisition activities, a total of 1,302,747 acres has been optioned at
a total estimated cost of $3,762,792. This difference in figures over
those contained in last year’s annual report is occasioned by the fact
that, due to a drastic curtailment in funds for use by the Resettlement
Administration, a good many of our projects necessarily were
abandoned. At this writing options have been accepted by the Resettlement
Administration constituting legal commitment covering
1,196,085 acres at a total cost of $3,448,976. Purchases have actually
been completed covering 573,392 acres of land at a total cost of
$1,509,172.
In furthering the land-acquisition program under the Indian Reorganization
Act, a total of $2,000,000 is available for the fiscal year
1937, one-half of which is expendable and the other half contractual.
Allocations of this $2,000,000 have been made for land purchases
within the States of Nevada, California, Idaho, Washington, North
Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Utah, Oklahoma, Michigan, Minnesota,
Wisconsin, Mississippi, Florida, and North Carolina.
Lands restored to Indians—Under section 3 of the Indian Reorganization
Act of June 18, 1934 (48 Stat. L. 984), approximately
211,959 acres formerly opened to homestead entry have been returned
to a reservation status. Of this area, 192,577.06 acres were restored
to the Flathead Reservation; 9,504.51 acres were restored to the Pine
Ridge Reservation; 9,277.59 acres were restored to the Grand Portage
Reservation; and 600 acres were restored to the Kiowa, Comanche,
and Apache Reservations.
Lands teased for Navajos.—During the year an aggregate of 595,-
184 acres of white-owned lands was leased for the Navajo Indians
at an annual rental of $19,526.16. The lands are leased pending
acquisition by purchase or exchange in Arizona under the provisions
of the act of June 14, 1934 (48 Stat. L. 960), or the enactment of
similar legislation applicable to New Mexico.
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 193
Extension of trust periods.—By order of the President, the period
of trust on allotments made to Indians of the various tribes in Oklahoma
was extended for 10 years. Section 3 of the act of June 15,
1935 (49 Stat. L. 378), extended until December 31, 1936, the trust
periods on all Indian lands outside of Oklahoma which would otherwise
have expired. The act of February 11, 1936 (Public, No. 435,
74th Cong.), reimposed the trust on certain lands patented to the
Paia Band of Mission Indians in California and extended the trust
period for 10 years from January 5, 1936.
Fee patents, sales, etc.—A few sales to white persons have been made
of allotted lands to meet emergency situations on reservations not under
the Indian Reorganization Act. No sales have been made releasing
trust or restricted Indian lands for the year ending June 30, 1936. A
number of sales to the United States in trust for individual Indian
grantees from Indian grantors have been made to meet situations in
which such transfers appeared to be mutually beneficial to the Indians
in interest. Similar situations have also been met successfully by
exchange of properties, as provided for in the Indian Reorganization
Act.
Very few patents in fee have been granted to Indians on application,
and these only after careful investigation showed that such action
was wise in each particular case. A number of cases in which lands
were purchased in past years for the Indians with trust funds and
held under restricted deeds as taxable under Federal court rulings
have been considered and the restrictions removed, especially where
city or town lots were involved, so as to save for the Indian owner what
could be realized out of the land before tax sales took the entire property.
Unfortunately, some properties of this class have already been
lost through taxation sales, but the Department has succeeded in obtaining
legislation holding, in effect, that all lands heretofore purchased
and held by restricted deeds are nontaxable until otherwise
directed by Congress (act of June 20, 1936, Public, No. 716, 74th
Cong., 2d sess.).
More than 50 cases, involving 16,000 acres or more, have been partitioned
among the Indians during this year, and several more such
cases are partially completed.
During the past fiscal year 15 patents in fee heretofore issued during
the trust period without application by or consent of the Indian allottees
have been canceled under authority of the act of February 26,
1927 (44 Stat. 1247), as amended by the act of February 21, 1931
(46 Stat. 1205). This brings the total number of such cancelations
of which we have record to 455. Judgments have been rendered
by various Federal courts for the recovery of taxes illegally assessed
and collected on approximately 30 allotments, for which patents in fee
194 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
were issued without application and subsequently canceled by the
Department. Suits have been instituted through the Department of
Justice to clear title to, and recover possession of, approximately five
allotments where allottees or their heirs have sought to dispose of the
land without departmental approval.
Permits and business leases.—A number of small areas of allotted
lands have been leased for business purposes so as to bring additional
income to the Indian owners. A number of permits have been granted
for a like purpose for tribal lands, with a noticeable increase in rental
fees over those obtained in past years. Tribal councils and business
committees of the Indians have been clothed with authority to determine
for themselves, subject to departmental approval, when and
what areas of tribal lands shall be used for mission and church purposes.
One outstanding ruling has been obtained holding that the
Indians of the Red Lake jurisdiction in Minnesota have the exclusive
rights of fishing in the waters of Upper and Lower Red Lake within
the exterior boundaries of the reservation. (See Solicitor’s opinion
of June 30, 1936, M. 28107.)
Minerals.—The year showed an increase in applications foi leases
on Indian lands for oil and gas mining purposes, particularly in
Oklahoma and on the Blackfeet Reservation in Montana.
Kiowa sales resulted in a total bonus for the Indians of more than
$73,000. A total bonus in excess of $532,000 was received for leases
under the jurisdiction of the Five Civilized Tribes Agency, and more
than 93,000 acres were leased during the year.
An exploratory permit was sold covering 19,200 acres on the ceded
portion of the Wind River or Shoshone Reservation, Wyo., with provision
for certain specific seismographic work. The British American
Oil Co. was the successful bidder.
On March 25, 1936, the Secretary of the Interior signed an order
revoking the order of September 20, 1929, and all subsequent orders
which opened to exploration, location, and lease for mining purposes
for minerals other than oil and gas, unallotted Indian lands on reservations
to which section 26 of the act of June 30, 1919 (41 Stat. 31),
as amended, was applicable. The order does not affect valid locations
already made nor existing leases in good standing.
A number of good wells were drilled in the South Burbank unit in
the Osage Reservation, Okla. This area was unitized and placed
under a blanket lease carrying a 17^-percent flat rate royalty, and it
is the belief of experts that the tribe will benefit through an increase
in ultimate recovery which will result from the unit operation and
development plan. The tribal council was agreeable to the royalty
rate, which was later approved by the President, and to the unitization
of the area.
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 195
A placer gold mining lease was sold embracing approximately 900
acres along the Big Horn River Canyon on the Crow Reservation,
Mont. Considerable interest has been manifested in the canyon and a
royalty as high as 30 percent has been offered for parts of the sands
to be mined.
A decision of importance to the Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians
was rendered by the Solicitor during the year, in which it was held
that an abandoned railroad right-of-way traversing the Fitts Pool in
the Choctaw and Chickasaw area, which had never been used and for
which no damages had ever been paid by the railroad company, has
reverted to the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations. The field is rich at
certain points where the right-of-way touches it and the tribes should
realize a considerable sum from this strip in royalties and bonus.
Litigation.—Approximately 75 cases are now pending in the United
States Court of Claims involving Indian tribal claims. Reports were
made during the year to the Department of Justice and to the Court
of Claims on 19 cases. The court rendered decisions adverse to the
Indian tribes in seven cases. In the following two cases the Court of
Claims rendered decisions in favor of the tribes:
Case No. L-51, Seminole Nation v. United States—Judgment in the
sum of $1,317,087.27.
Case No. H-219, The Shoshone Tribe of Indians of Wyoming v.
United States—Judgment in the sum of $793,821.49.
The United States has petitioned the Supreme Court for a writ of
certiorari in the Seminole case and both sides are petitioning for
further action in the Shoshone case.
Case No. E-346, relating to lands awarded to the Oregon-Washington
Wagon Road Co., went to the Supreme Court of the United States
on certiorari. The case was dismissed, but the Court indicated that
the Indians had a good moral claim and that Congress should enact
further legislation to permit effective judicial determination. The
legislation has since been enacted.
Litigation involving the Jackson Barnett case is still being carried
on in California and other parts of the United States. In Case No.
4556, equity, to determine the Barnett heirs, about 300 persons are
claiming a share in this estate. The United States has intervened to
protect the full-blood heirs.
Approximately 35 suits have been instituted, upon the recommendation
of this Office, to protect the lands of these Indians, and some of
the suits have already been brought to a successful conclusion. Sales
of lands among the Five Civilized Tribes have been limited or
restricted to emergency situations or where the lands were taxable
and about to be lost through tax sales.
196 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
About 30 Osage suits in partition proceedings in the district court
of Osage County, Okla., have been approved in the Department, as
required by law. The greater part of the lands involved in these suits
were assigned or set aside to Osage Indians who have the right to
elect to purchase them in partition proceedings.
Twenty-three reports were prepared on various bills introduced in
the second session of the Seventy-fourth Congress relating to Indian
tribal and individual claims, and two involving membership rights
with different tribes.
The Interior Department Appropriation Act of June 22, 1936,
contains an item of $81,540.49 for payment to individual Sioux
Indians for acreages of land which they did not receive as allotments.
This appropriation was authorized by the act of June 14, 1935 (49
Stat. L. 340), which also provided for attorney fees not to exceed
10 percent of the amount of each claim.
Land legislation.—The following legislation affecting Indian lands
was enacted during the year:
Bill no. Subject Act no. Approval
date
S. J. Res. 177... To define term of certain contracts with Indian tribes. Pub. Res. 135... June 26,1936
S. J. Res. 243— Distribution of judgment rendered by the Court of
Claims in favor of the Indians of the Blackfeet Reservation,
Montana.
Pub. Res. 115... June 20,1936
S. 1142________ To reserve certain land in Nevada and Oregon as a
grazing reserve for the Fort McDermitt Indians,
Nevada.
Public, 419_____ Jan. 17,1936
S. 1494________ Amend Chippewa Jurisdictional Act to permit either
side to amend pleadings.
Public, 585_____ May 15,1936
S. 2148________ Leasing of restricted lands of members of the Five
Civilized Tribes, Oklahoma.
Public, 441_____ Feb. 11,1936
S. 2877________ Extend trust period on certain lands reserved for the
Paia Band of Mission Indians, California.
Public, 435_____ Do.
S. 3227________ Amend sec. 3 of the act extending the period of restriction
on lands of the Five Civilized Tribes, Oklahoma.
Public, 470_____ Mar. 12,1936
S. 3460________ Ascertain persons entitled to compensation on account
of Private Claim 111, parcel 1, Nambe Pueblo grant.
Private, 558____ May 15,1936
S 3797 Amend Klamath Jurisdictional Act. _______ ____ Public, 592.___ Do.
S. 4152________ Validate certain conveyances by Kickapoo Indians
prior to Feb. 17, 1933.
Private, 722____ June 29,1936
S 4184 Amend Delaware jurisdictional bill. ___ _______ Public, 639_____ June 4,1936
S.4298________ Payment of claims of non-Indian claimants, Pueblo
lands.
Public, 640_____ Do.
H. R. 7764____ Relieve restricted Indians whose lands have been
taxed or have been lost through failure to pay taxes.
Public, 716_____ June 20,1936
H. R. 9997____ Granting leave of absence to homestead settlers during
1936.
Public, 527_____ Apr. 10,1936
H. R. 12073.... Reserve certain land in New Mexico as an addition to
the Jicarilla school reserve.
Public, 721_____ June 20,1936
H. R. 12074.... Authorize consolidation of Pueblos of Jemez and Pecos. Public, 693_____ June 19,1936
PROBATE WORK
Five Civilized Tribes matters expedited.—The personnel of this
division has been increased by one associate attorney who helps in
the general work of the office and specializes in Five Civilized Tribes
matters. Under a revised system whereby unnecessary red tape has
been eliminated, these matters now receive prompt attention. Involved
therein are proposed transfers of Indian litigation to the
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 197
Federal courts. The total number submitted was 387, and of this
number, no intervention was had in 240 cases. The probate attorneys
were advised to appear and protect all rights of the Indian in
116, and in 31 cases the Government intervened. These cases involve
a 20-day time limit, and it is imperative that, in order to cooperate
fully with the United States district attorneys and the Department
of Justice, these matters be concluded well within the time limit.
Under present handling that result is accomplished; furthermore,
this Office is told that these matters are now disposed of more quickly
and efficiently than at any other time in the history of the Indian
Office.
Master docket proves valuable.—The master docket was started
on January 8, 1934. It now contains complete data on every case
received by the probate division since that date, and has become
invaluable in furnishing easily accessible and reliable information
on the general conduct of the division’s business. It also makes possible
the preparation of an absolutely accurate report on the amount
and nature of the business transacted. Included in this docket are
all cases received from examiners of inheritance, from the Osage
Nation and the Five Civilized Tribes.
Educational program kelps to prevent litigation.—The educational
program on preparation of wills, instituted about a year ago, is now
bearing abundant fruit. Contests are avoided and the Indian is now,
in most instances, secure in the belief that his exact wishes will be
carried into effect.
Notice of decisions now served on interested parties.—The system
evolved of notifying all interested parties of the final determination
of an estate, and the allowance of 60 days in which to make application
for a rehearing, is also bearing fruit. It prevents extended correspondence
with Congressmen and Senators over unimportant matters,
and makes it unnecessary for heirs to importune the Department
in cases long since decided. The 60-day limit on rehearings
brings all disputes to a head while they are still fresh in the minds
of both the officials and the litigants, and prevents applications in
later years when pertinent evidence is difficult to secure.
Applications for rehearing are filed and indexed in the original
cases. Heretofore these were counted separately • as new cases. As
a result, the number of cases disposed of will not come to so large a
number as reported in previous years.
The total number of original cases handled during the current year,
including Osage, Five Tribes, and the field generally, is 2,310.
More personnel needed.—The division is undermanned, both in
Washington and in the field. There is no time available for careful
study of reports and conditions. The diligent and efficient examiner
198 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
of inheritance cannot report more than 250 cases each year. In some
districts there are now pending more than that number, with the
increase of the present year to be cared for. A remedy for this
situation is being sought by the appointment of additional personnel.
The detailed work of the Washington office staff is so heavy that,
with all employees working industriously, much of the routine work
is sometimes far behind. It is urgently hoped that this difficulty may
be overcome also and the work of the division brought strictly up
to date.
FORESTRY AND GRAZING
During the year the name of the Forestry Division was changed to
the Division of Forestry and Grazing, to signify more fully the
functions of the division.
New' grazing regulations.—On December 28, 1935, the Department
approved the new general grazing regulations, and on May 18, 1936,
the new general forest regulations were approved. The objectives of
the general grazing regulations are:
1. The preservation through proper grazing practice of the forest, the forage,
the land, and the water resources on Indian reservations, and the building up of
these resources where they have deteriorated.
2. The utilization of these resources to give the Indians an opportunity to
earn a living through grazing their own livestock.
3. The granting of grazing privileges on surplus range lands not needed by
Indians under such safeguards as will yield the highest return consistent with
undiminished future use.
4. The protection of the interests of the Indians from the encroachment of
unduly aggressive and antisocial individuals.
Permit system now uniformly adopted.—The Blackfeet Indians,
■who have heretofore leased their lands for grazing purposes, have
accepted the grazing-unit permit system, so that all reservations
which have grazing privileges for sale have now adopted the permit
system.
New forest regulations enforce conservation policy.—The purposes
sought in the general forest regulations for the management of
Indian forests are:
1. The preservation of Indian forest lands in a perpetually productive state
by providing effective protection, preventing clear-cutting of large contiguous
areas, and making adequate provision for new forest growth when the mature
timber is removed.
2. The regulation of the cut to insure method and order in the harvesting of
the tree capital, so as to make possible continuous production and a perpetual
forest business.
3. The development of Indian forests by Indians, for the purpose of promoting
self-sustaining Indian communities, to the end that the Indians may
receive from their own property not only stumpage but also whatever labor the
Indians are qualified to perform.
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 199
4. The sale of Indian timber in open competitive markets on reservations
where the volume produced by the forest annually is more than the amount
practicable of development by the Indians; or where fire damage, insect infestation,
disease, overmaturity, or other causes require extensive and rapid
harvesting of the timber to prevent loss.
5. The preservation of the forest for scenic purposes along public highways,
in the vicinity of Indian or white communities, and whatever the recreational
or esthetic value of the forest seems to exceed its value for the production of
forest products.
6. The management of the forest in such a manner as to retain its beneficial
effect in regulating run-off and minimizing erosion.
Timber cutting.—Timber cut under contract amounted to approximately
240,000,000 feet, of which 121,000,000 feet were cut on the
Klamath Reservation. Several contracts were completed, and there
was a substantial number of applications for the purchase of comparatively
large units of Indian timber. The Menominee Indian Mills
completed the salvaging of timber damaged by the cyclone of August
1934.
Further decentralization effected.—Decentralization has been accomplished
to a certain extent by giving superintendents of Indian
reservations authority to approve grazing permits with the concurrence
of the regional forester, and to approve timber contracts with
a stumpage value up to $500 and up to $10,000 with the concurrence
of the regional forester.
Recreational planning begun.—Preliminary recreational plans have
been initiated on some of the reservations.
There has been a growing appreciation of, and desire for, on the
part of self-governing Indians, the conservation and wise use of
their forest and grazing resources.
IRRIGATION
Contraction.-—All construction activities were carried out under
allotments of the Public Works Administration, totaling $3,000,000,
for expenditure on a total of 24 projects. With few exceptions these
funds were spent in the rehabilitation and improvement of existing
projects through extension or betterment of the irrigation canal and
lateral systems, provision of urgently needed drainage facilities,
construction of additional storage reservoirs, and subjugation of
land. Subsequently $379,465 was impounded: Portions of the funds
allocated for F. P. 263, Drainage Colorado River Reservation, Ariz.;
F. P. 597, Payment of Indians’ share of construction cost of the
Bartlett Dam on the Verde River, Ariz. (to be constructed under
supervision of the Bureau of Reclamation); and F. P. 605, Irrigation
and subjugation for the benefit of the New Mexico Pueblos.
200 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Construction of a number of community and subsistence gardens
was provided for through the allocation of a total of $146,000.
Operations under these allocations are and will continue to be handled
as a joint Irrigation and Emergency Conservation activity, with the
Irrigation Division furnishing the plans and materials and Emergency
Conservation the necessary labor. These developments, many
of which are in the course of construction, will be of immeasurable
value to the Indians. The majority of them are in areas where
irrigation has not heretofore been practiced or where no major or
formal irrigation project exists. A large number are located in the
present drought area. The projects are being designed and constructed
in such manner that the operation and maintenance can be
handled by the Indians with little or no assistance.
Surveys and investigations.—In addition to the surveys and investigations
required in connection with the subsistence gardens,
actual field work relating to the proposed construction of the Pine
River Dam, Colo., was undertaken with an allotment of $50,000
from the Public Works Administration, F. P. 601, for surveys, test
drilling, and final designs. Miscellaneous surveys of a minor nature
were carried on in connection with the present and future construction
programs.
Operation and maintenance.—The available funds for operation
and maintenance of the various projects amounted to $1,268,152, of
which $60,000 was appropriated from the general fund of the Treasury
for water development, $744,952 from the same source for irrigation,
$6,500 from tribal funds for irrigation, and $516,700 from
collections from water users under projects where such action is
required by existing law and regulations. Activities under this heading
were largely routine, consisting of the delivery of water and
the repair or replacement of worn-out structures, etc. The limited
funds available permitted only the most urgent work to be done.
Walker River suit.—The Federal District Court for the District of
Nevada entered a decree in this litigation which was adverse to the
interests of the Indians and the United States. The court did not
follow the rule of law established in the so-called Winters decision,
basing its action partly upon the ground that since the Walker
River Reservation was created by Executive order it did not have
the same status as the Fort Belknap Reservation which was created
by treaty or agreement with the Indians.
Rocky Mountain Power Co. agreement.—After much consideration,
numerous conferences, and a great deal of correspondence, agreement
was reached with this company under which it is expected that the
original license issued it covering the development at project no. 5,
Flathead River and Lake, Mont., will be amended so as to provide for
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 201
completion of construction in the relatively near future. Tribal
interests are exhaustively protected and improvements in the terms
of the license are being obtained.
Private litigation at Flathead.—Due to the very unsatisfactory situation
facing the project management each year arising from the
illegal and excessive diversions by landowners on the Flathead Reservation
having private water rights confirmed by the Secretary of
the Interior, a decision was reached to institute a suit against certain
of them to enjoin such diversions in the future. In the past such
diversions have resulted in the loss of considerable quantities of valuable
water to the landowners under the project proper.
Coolidge Dam infringement suit.—Under date of June 1, 1936, the
Court of Claims in the case of George Sidney Benchley et al. v. The
United States, dismissed the plaintiff’s petition for damages arising
from an alleged infringement of their patent by the Government in
connection with the construction of the Coolidge Dam, San Carlos
project, Arizona.
Crow litigation.—The Federal District Court for Montana continued
to keep under advisement the matter of its decision in the
Crow injunction suit brought to restrain certain nonproject landowners
on the Crow Reservation from illegal diversions of water
from the Crow Indian project sources of supply. Fortunately, the
available supply was somewhat greater than in previous years so
that the situation is not so acute as it has been.
ROADS
An appropriation of $4,000,000 permitted the Indian Service to
continue its road-construction program, begun under the Public
Works authority of 1933. With better training of more Indians in
the technique of road building, and with the gradual acquisition of
sufficient equipment, a greater mileage of improved roads has been
achieved. It has also been possible to maintain all reservation roads,
including removal of snow, thus permitting operation of school busses
during the winter months, as well as medical service to Indians living
in outlying districts. The road fund has helped the Indians and the
Government greatly, not only as a means of providing much-needed
improved roads for school busses, medical assistance, agriculture, and
many other necessary activities, but in giving employment to Indians
in each community of every reservation. Especially has this fund
been of the greatest benefit in assisting Indians in drought-stricken
areas. The Hayden-Cartwright Act of June 16, 1933, provided for
an appropriation of $4,000,000 annually hereafter to continue this
necessary activity on Indian reservations. With this in mind, surveys
and plans are being made to continue road work in the future
202 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
as a part of a normal Indian Service program to provide better roads;
and the employment of Indians, which is a matter of considerable
concern to the Government even in normal times.
The Gallup-Shiprock Highway is being maintained as well as possible
with the $20,000 appropriation made annually for this 90-mile
reservation section of U. S. Highway No. 666. Due to heavy traffic
and weather conditions, this very important highway is rapidly going
to pieces. It should be reconstructed to a better standard, but if this
cannot be done, at least $100,000 should be provided annually for
maintenance and betterment.
The Indian Service maintains cooperative and amicable relations
with the Bureau of Public Roads, other Federal bureaus and agencies,,
and with the various highway departments and county commissioners,
to the mutual benefit of each, particularly of the Indian Service,
which has been the recipient of much bridge material and funds on
cooperative road projects. Many letters have been received from
chambers of commerce and prominent citizens complimenting the
Indian Service on its road work.
During the year an improved road-cost system has been set up,
and many young Indian men and women have been trained as clerks
and cost-accountants in connection with this activity. Approximately
70 percent of every dollar is expended directly or indirectly
for labor. The overhead on road work has been kept very low; at
the same time professionally trained and experienced road engineers
are employed on practically every reservation, thus assuring the best
practices in modern road construction. The superintendents and
their road engineers are assisted by six specially trained and experienced
district road engineers.
Actual construction accomplishments during the fiscal year are
shown by the following figures:
Number of miles of road constructed or reconstructed_____________ 1, 296.1
Number of miles of road surfaced______________________________ 686.1
Number of miles of road maintained____________________________ 5, 220. 6
Number of school roads constructed or otherwise improved________ 288
Number of bridges constructed________________________________ 339
Number of bridges repaired___________________________________ 234
Number of culverts constructed or installed______________________ 2, 572
Total number of persons, whites and Indians, employed at one time__ 12, 605
Total number of different individual Indians employed_____________ 14, 201
Total number of Indians employed in skilled positions_____________ 1, 278
Total number of whites employed in skilled positions_____________ 480
Total mileage of all improved dirt roads on reservations__________ 12, 305. 9
Total mileage of surfaced roads (gravelled, oiled, etc.) on all reservations--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3, 675. 9
Amount required for annual maintenance of roads and bridges_____$947, 798
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 203
PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION
The policy of delegating as much authority as possible to jurisdiction
superintendents is being continued and expanded. The practice
of bringing in reservation superintendents to the Washington office
for periodic visits has proved to be a wise one, and has resulted in
a better all-round understanding of personnel administration.
Steps were taken during the year to establish additional local civilservice
examining boards for the purpose of filling noneducational
positions in all types of activities being undertaken by the Indian
Service. Heretofore, local board examinations have been available
only for the filling of positions in the Irrigation Division. Careful
instructions have been issued to eliminate misassignments of personnel.
During the year a number of conferences were held with representatives
of the Civil Service Commission in an effort to have included
in examinations for filling Indian Service positions those factors
which will insure that persons appointed to positions in this
service will have a sympathetic and realistic attitude toward the
Indian problem. Some of the recently announced examinations show
marked improvement over previous ones.
Some progress has been made in the development of a method
which, it is hoped, will ultimately result in the establishment of a
procedure to promote the employment of qualified persons in socalled
in-service training work. At the present time there is no
method by which those who are particularly qualified by education,
and who have a practical and understanding point of view on the
Indian problem, can be selected from civil-service registers. We hope
during the coming fiscal year to take further steps in solving this
problem.
A definite effort has been made this year to stop the practice of
transferring unsatisfactory employees from one jurisdiction to another,
and all jurisdictional superintendents have been informed that
as far as possible, personnel problems will have to be handled on
the basis of the facts surrounding any particular case. As a result,
many personnel problems that were heretofore permitted to continue
by the transfer of the individual from one place to another have been
solved.
Plans have been worked out and the preliminary work completed
on a consolidation of all the personnel records of the Washington
office. Beneficial results have already been effected by this work.
Employees.—On July 1, 1936, there were 6,112 “regular” positions
in the Indian field service, carrying gross salaries in the amount of
$9,756,500. This does not include the positions set up for the Wash204
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
ington office (213 regular, and 123 temporary, including public works,
emergency conservation, and rehabilitation workers) and for the
Alaska service, which numbers approximately 300, nor any of the
emergency activities. The increase over the number of positions in
effect July 1, 1935, is accounted for by the fact that certain positions
in our irrigation work, and positions in our roads activities, have been
placed on the regular salary list. In addition, a large number of
positions as Indian assistant have been set up to provide opportunities
for Indian employment, and the educational force has been
increased to take care of the expanded educational program.
EMPLOYMENT OF INDIANS
The total number of Indians for whom employment was obtained
for the fiscal year 1936 was 8,140, or 29.6 percent less than in the
previous year. Of this number, 4,439 were placed within the Indian
Service: 4,299 on emergency projects, and 140 in the regular field
service; and 3',701 were placed outside the Service with private employers.
In the previous year 3,818 private placements were made
by the Employment Division, but of this number 1,517 were placed
through reference to the National Reemployment Service. Although
the Employment Division this year has referred Indians to the National
Reemployment Service, and doubtless many have secured jobs
through this Service, no report on the number thus placed is available.
Consequently, all 3,701 placements made outside the Service
by the Employment Division were made directly by the staff of the
Employment Division. This was an increase of 1,635, or 45.5 percent
more than the number placed directly by the Employment Division
last year. Of the number placed in private employment this
year 1,965 were permanent, as compared to 1,508 last year, or an
increase of 23.2 percent. Of the total private placements made by
the Employment Division, the number of permanent placements increased
from 39.4 percent last year to 59 percent this year.
The decrease in the number of “inside the Service” placements
reported by the Employment Division is due to the fact that the
Indians have become accustomed, through the advice and aid given
them in the past few years by the personnel of the Employment Division,
to apply in person for jobs without going to the employment
office. The number securing “outside the Service” or private jobs
has remained rather constant. Most of these jobs are permanent,
which seem to indicate a more stable employment situation and a
demand for qualified Indians by employers.
The demand for women and girls for household work still continues
beyond the available supply, and placements have fallen off
in consequence. This situation may be attributed largely to the
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 205
better opportunity for employment on the reservations. There have
been more jobs for Indian women and girls at agencies, schools, and
hospitals, and increased employment of Indian men has meant that
fewer women have had to take jobs away from home. Also, there
has been an effort on the part of the social workers connected with
the Employment Division to raise the standards of domestic employment
and to stabilize it; this has meant fewer placements but more
continuous employment.
The Kansas City employment office was closed because most of the
girls placed were from Oklahoma and wanted work nearer their
homes. An Oklahoma Indian girl, who has been employed in the
employment office in Phoenix, Ariz., for several years, was transferred
to our office in Oklahoma City to take over the placements of
Indian women and girls in Oklahoma. An attempt is, therefore,
being made to bring this service to the Indians.
The Employment Division has centered its attention largely upon
the placement of qualified Indians in the better type of jobs instead
of upon mass-recruiting of Indians for any and every type of work.
There is developing, therefore, a specialized and individualized
placement procedure. This has made possible the accumulation of
authentic work records on individuals who have been placed; thus,
as this process continues a more efficient service will develop.
APPROPRIATIONS
For expenditure during the fiscal year 1936 the sum of $30,019,065
was made available by Congress. Of this amount $28,519,132 was appropriated
from the Federal Treasury and $1,499,933 from funds held
in trust by the United States for various Indian tribes. The appropriation
from the Treasury included $4,000,000 for the construction
and maintenance of Indian Service roads (an increase of $2,000,000
over the allotment for the previous year), and $981,000 for the
construction of public schools for the benefit of both white and
Indian children. The net increase over the appropriation for 1935
was $9,362,068, which included $2,500,000 for the establishment of a
revolving loan fund for making loans to Indian-chartered corporations
and $1,000,000 for the acquisition of land for Indian use, in
accordance with the provisions of the Indian Reorganization Act of
June 18, 1934. Substantial increases were granted for health and
educational work as well as for other branches of the Service.
There follows a comparative statement of Indian Service appropriations
for the last 4 years and the fiscal year 1937:
206 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
TREASURY APPROPRIATIONS
Object 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937
General purposes-------
Industrial assistance. _
Irrigation and water
development_______
Education___________
Conservation of health.
Support of Indians-----
Miscellaneous (roads,
annuities, etc.)___
$2, 587, 285.73
1, 605,000. 00
497, 601.00
10,185, 400. 00
3, 658,000. 00
2, 216, 300.00
40,020. 00
$1,840, 054. 35
1, 301,000. 00
457,824.00
9,771,000. 00
3,508,800.00
2,156,300.00
31,020. 00
$1,593, 500.00
1,233, 881. 67
599, 614. 00
9,103, 230. 00
3, 281,800.00
2,141,900.00
31,020. 00
$1,806, 894
1, 060,510
450, 665
7,990, 565
3, 264, 595
2,141,815
42,020
$2,780,880
3,740,490
1,321,652
8,795,120
3,849, 620
2, 279, 350
771, 020
$3, 343,401.05
2,288,470. 00
1,930, 564.00
9, 395,375. 00
4,422,360.00
2,425,000.00
736. 020.00
Subtotals______
Construction________
Roads_______________
20,789, 606.73
5, 570,440. 00
670,000. 00
19,065,998.35
1, 654,100.00
1,420, 000. 00
17, 984, 945. 67
711, 600.00
270,000. 00
16,757, 064
400, 000
2,000,000
23, 538,132
981,000
4, 000, 000
24, 541,190. 05
3, 500,000.00
Total__________ 27,030,046.73 22,140, 098. 35 18,966, 545. 67 19,157, 064 28, 519,132 28,041,190.05
SPECIFIC APPROPRIATIONS FROM TRIBAL FUNDS MADE TO SUPPLEMENT FOREGOING
TREASURY APPROPRIATIONS
General purposes-------
Industrial assistance. _
irrigation and water
development_______
Education-----------------
Conservation of health.
Support of Indians___
Miscellaneous (roads,
annuities, etc.)_____
Total__________
$332,913. 98
180, 532. 21
49, 500. 00
910, 000. 00
125,000. 00
1,767,100. 00
50, 000.00
$126, 300.00
45,000. 00
59, 000. 00
803, 000.00
125,000. 00
1,032,380.00
25,000. 00
$390, 501. 00
188,000.00
46,950.00
708, 600. 00
131, 550.00
789,100.00
25, 000. 00
$100, 000
35, 000
6,720
599, 550
121,490
564,155
$9,153
151,000
6, 500
389, 580
162,000
781, 700
$20,000. 00
381, 000. 00
7,000.00
332,820. 00
80, 000.00
768,400.00
105, 000. 00
3,415,046.19 2, 215,680.00 2, 279, 701. 00 1,426,915 1,499,933 1, 694, 220.00
Grand total____ 30,445,092.92 24, 355, 778. 35 21, 246,246. 67 20, 583,979 30, 019,065 29, 735,410.05
No figures are included in the above statements for allotments
from special funds for Indian emergency conservation work, public
works, and other activities in the Indian Service associated with the
national recovery program.
APPENDIX
INDIAN POPULATION
An Indian, as defined by the Indian Service, includes any person
of Indian blood who through wardship, treaty, or inheritance has
acquired certain rights. The Census Bureau defines an Indian as a
peison having Indian blood to such a degree as to be recognized in
his community as an Indian. Furthermore, the population enumerated
at the Federal agencies is not necessarily domiciled on or near
the reservations. It is the population on the agency rolls and includes
both reservation and nonreservation Indians. Thus an Indian
may be carried on the rolls because of tribal inheritance rights,
etc., and may reside anywhere in the United States or in a foreign
country. Reports of births and deaths among the absentees are often
not received. In many instances certification is made to the State
registrars of vital statistics and thus to the Census Bureau, but not
to the Indian Service. In a considerable number of cases the addresses
of the nonreservation Indians are unknown. For the above
reasons the statistics of Indian population as shown in the decennial
reports of the Bureau of the Census do not agree with the statistics
of the Indian Service.
The total estimated and enumerated number of Indians reported
on January 1, 1936, by the Indian agencies was 334,013. This number
consists of 238,283 Indians actually enumerated and 95,730 Indians
taken from the earlier or special censuses and estimates based
on records. The latter number will be considered hereafter as an
estimate. (See tabular statement.)
The aggregate estimate and enumerated number of Indians reported
by Federal agencies on January 1, 1936, increased by 3,152
over the corresponding figure from January 1, 1935, or 1 percent for
the year.
Oklahoma has far more Indians than any other State. If the Five
Civilized Tribes, Miami, and Peoria Indians are included, the Indian
population is 96,244 or 28.8 percent of the aggregate Indian population.
Arizona ranks second with 45,013, or 13.5 percent; followed
by New Mexico with 35,570, or 10.6 percent; South Dakota with
27,401, or 8.2 percent; and California with 23,824, or 7.1 percent of
the total. The other five States with over 10,000 Indian population
are in the order named: Montana, Minnesota, Washington,
98234—36-------15
208 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Wisconsin, and North Dakota. The first five States represent 68.3
percent of the entire Indian population, while the 10 States with
an Indian population of over 10,000 form 88.6 percent of the aggregate
Indian population.
It is significant that 87.6 percent of the 238,283 enumerated Indians
resided at Federal jurisdictions, while only 29,489 or 12.4
percent resided off the reservations.
Of the enumerated population on January 1, 1936, the most important
tribes numerically are the Navajo, Sioux, including the
Assiniboin and Chippewa, numbering 44,078, 35,412, and 26,127,
respectively; while in 1930 the same tribes were 40,863, 33,168, and
23,647. The increase from April 1, 1930, to January 1, 1936, for the
Navajo Tribe being 3,215, or 7.9 percent; for the Chippewa Tribe,
2,480, or 10.5 percent; and the Sioux, including the Assiniboin, 2,244
or 6.8 percent.
As reported by the superintendents of the various agencies the
full-blood Indians constituted over 60 percent of the enrolled Indian
population while the mixed blood was less than 40 percent. The
full-blood Indians in 11 of the States shown in table 2 formed over
50 percent of the enrolled Indian population. Six of these States
had full-blood population of over 90 percent and in two other States
the full-blood Indian population was over 80 percent. In 7 of the
22 States the full-blood population ranged between 40 and 50 percent.
Minnesota has the smallest full-blood enrolled Indian population,
and in Iowa, Mississippi, New Mexico, Arizona, and Florida practically
all the enrolled population is full-blood. In none of these five
States did the mixed Indian blood reach 3 percent of the total
enrolled Indian population.
Arizona has more full-blood enrolled Indians than any other State,
followed by New Mexico. In these two States the enrolled full-blood
Indians constitute 53.9 percent of all the full-blood enrolled Indians
in the United States.
The Indian population not actually enumerated (termed an estimate)
is 95,730, which is as follows:
California:
Tulare County Indians, and Indians on Rancheria and public-domain
allotments, on Apr. 1, 1930, Sacramento Agency_____________ 1, 735
Other Indians under Sacramento Agency but not enumerated on
census rolls, 1930 estimate, Sacramento Agency------------------- 8, 761
California, Indian census May 16, 1933, not otherwise reported___ 4, 483
Michigan, 1927 census-------------------------------------------------------------- 1,192
New York, 1932 estimate----------------------------------------------------------- 4, 523
Oklahoma (Five Civilized Tribes, Bureau of the Census, 1930) :
Cherokee___________________________________________ 40, 904
Chickasaw________________________________ 4, 685
Choctaw____________________________________________ 16, 641
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 209
Oklahoma (Five Civilized Tribes, Bureau of the Census, 1930)—Contd.
Creek______________________________________________ 8, 607
Seminole___________________________________________ 1, 789
---------- 72, 626
Quapaw Agency:
Miami Reservation, 1935 estimate_________________________ 290
Peoria Reservation, 1935 estimate_________________________ 400
Texas, 1936 special report______________________________________ 400
Washington (Taholah Agency), unattached Indians, largely of Cowlitz
Tribe, 1936 estimate_________________________________________ 500
Wisconsin:
Rice Lake Band of Chippewas, special census, July 1930__________ 221
Stockbridge Reservation, Keshena Agency, 1910 census___________ 599
The Indian population in the 24 States and the. District of Columbia
in which there were no Federal agencies in 1930 was 10,456.
Doubtless many of these Indians are duplicated in the columns “Residing
elsewhere” in table 2. See the 1933 Annual Report of the
Secretary of the Interior, page 112, table 1.
Tab le 1.—Indian population by age, 1930
Age Total Male Female Age Total Male Female
All ages______________
Under 5 years............
Under 1 year_________
5 to 9 years__________
10 to 14 years_________
15 to 19 years_________
20 to 24 years_________
332,397 170,350 162,047 25 to 29 years_________
30 to 34 years_________
35 to 44 years_________
45 to 54 years_________
55 to 64 years_________
65 to 74 years_________
75 and over__________
Unknown___________
23,491
19,309
33, 031
25, 039
16, 787
10, 030
6, 327
449
12,127
10, 032
17, 285
13,403
9,178
5, 257
3, 079
229
11, 364
9,277
15, 746
11,636
7,609
4,773
3,248
220
46,680
9,296
46, 736
39,456
36, 219
28,843
23,447
4,681
23,434
20,028
18,154
14,697
23,233
4,615
23,302
19, 428
18, 065
14,146
Source: Bureau of the Census Department of Commerce.
210 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Table 2.—Indian population in continental United States enumerated at Federal agencies, according to tribe, sex, and residence, Jan. 1, 1936
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REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
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178
70
14
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13
14
4
42
19
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13
565
4,613
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1,569
1,262
298
712
3
155
20
440
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138
258
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84
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267
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4,653
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1,660
1,346
314
779
16
194
34
2
429
21
130
267
56
92
92
12
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277
277
85
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354
136
21
1
20
27
13
86
37
5
29
1,186
9,266
84
3,220
2,608
612
1,491
19
349
54
2
869
59
268
525
6
11
176
176
22
2,080
544
543
1
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154
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6,551
40
1,988
1, 558
430
1,237
7
189
26
891
56
144
606
72
13
107
107
17
1,744
324
323
1
108
86
1
fot ft
a
©
73
§
192
76
9
9
13
12
44
19
3
16
653
6,456
46
1,996
1,596
400
1,272
21
223
38
2
867
49
141
613
51
13
104
1
103
17
1,763
340
340
89
84
Indi
3o
384
151
23
1
22
28
19
90
39
5
29
1,251
13,007
86
3,984
3,154
830
2,509
28
412
64
2
1, 758
105
285
1,219
123
26
211
1
210
34
3,507
664
663 ,
1
197
170
State, jurisdiction, reservation, and tribe
U ta h —Continued. P a iu te A gen cy, see A rizon a a n d N ev a d a ________________
Goshute Reservation (Goshute)______________________
Kanosh Reservation_________________________________ P aiute________________________________ _________ _ U te____________________________________________
Koosharem Reservation (U te)________________________
Paiute Reservation (Paiute)_________________________
Shivwits Reservation (Paiute)_______________________
Skull Valley Reservation (Goshute)___________________
Gandy (Homestead) (Paiute)________________________
Cedar City (church property) (Paiute)_______________ U in ta h a n d O u ra y A gen cy a n d R eservation (U te)_____ W a sh in g to n __________________________________________________
C oeur d’A lene A g en cy , in Id a h o , a n d K alispel R eservation
(K aiispel)___________________________________
Colville A gen cy ___________________________________________
Colville Reservation (Colville)_______________________
Spokane Reservation (Spokane)______________________ T a h o la h A g en cy__________________________________________
Chehalis Reservation (Chehalis)______________________
M akah Reservation (M akah)________________________
Nisqually Reservation (Nisqually)___________________
Ozette Reservation (M akah)_________________________
Quinaielt Reservation_______________________________
Chehalis________________________________________
Quileute________________________________________
Quinaielt_______________________________________
Upper Chinook__________________________________
Other tribes_____________________________________
Skokomish Reservation______________________________
Clallam _________________________________________
Skokomish______________________________________
Squaxin Island Reservation (Squaxin)________________
T u la lip A g en cy___________________________________________
Lum m i Reservation_________________________________
Lum m i_________________________________________
Snohomish______________________________________
Muckleshoot Reservation (M uckleshoot)______________
Port M adison Reservation (Suquam ish)______________
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 219
Puyallup Reservation (
05 05
220 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Ta b le 3.—Indian school population and school enrollment during fiscal y&df ended June 30, 1936
Under 6
years and
over 18
years in
all schools
15
a> co
e*
344
2
11
2
34
2
45
18
105
34
4
63
16
• cO s-4
e o
a MN® i ic3 ! iSSSsSS is ”SS isM!§
i i 1
Federal
reservation
boarding
6
| SSoSS” ! :
! :
ii ” ii
i i i
: iii
i iii
Federal
day
5
1
3
s aggs a is* i§8i a?iaa i
i i i i i
isss
i
isss i i i
i i i
Public
4
S
3*
3 s i i i is
i” w ” i
Total
num ber
3
s
Pl . .00
S — a w
■oS £ o
103,641
» « - mT - ci -
State and jurisdiction
1
i
1
M ohave________________________
s
s
ivaioao ^unaer ra m ie ;_____________
Navajo:
T ,A iin n 1
Navajo (formerly under H o p i1—
Southern Navajo 1______________
w estern j n avajo 1_______________
Phoenix: Cam p Verde______________
SCnainin Carlos_________________________
Truxton Canon:
H avasupai_____________________
II'
1
h
E
i
I
t!
a i
s||
Coeur d ’Alene:
r .n o n r A lo n o 1
I
ru n n a n __________________________
Io w a : S ac a n d F ox_____________________ K a n sa s_________________________________
Sac and Fox_______________________
Potaw atom i_______________________
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 221
IS3S IS^S^S !
1 1 !
1 1 1 ISS is
: i : : :
:ii: :
iiii I
S^S I
MN3S i^ss^ss^s”
i;
I” I S2”S
i i i
! II
s— ; ; ;s« gaassss Is
H N i
t -H 00 CO CO T-i
8’aa isgsssssa ia~ I” ■ !S§SSS = S 8g SgS"gSS^g3§;2
III <c o »* CO* CO r4 U'mT -Tcf®’ CO’rH
222 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Indian school population and school enrollment during fiscal year ended June 30, 1936n— Continued
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 223
«- N 12 IS?SS5 S l'°23 I ”22 2 !
g 5a§§®23 I §£§ SS
i
:
3 s :82 is0 000 :828 88 i
g Sgg S3
I:
i
s
i ;§o>
g S ! 1383°° 32223^ 22 H i ; :_______________ ;
, ! ! : ! !!!!!! ! ! ! !
i i i i! SS B 11 H i » is gs
: : : ! ! ! ::::,' ;
i ; ; ! ; !________i ; ! ; ; ;_______
g 2^§SS S3S28S §8
I lamp §£s
s wpp §^g is
98234—36------ 16
224 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Tab le 4.—Indian schools, classification and statistics for fiscal year ended
June 30, 1936
State, agency, and school Enrollment
Average
attendance
Grades
taught Class of school
Arizona:
Colorado River Agency:
Mohave___________________________ 22 18 B-5 Day.
Fort Apache Agency:
Canyon - _______________________ 32 20 B-3 Do.
Cibecue - _ - ________________ 62 33 B-5 Do.
Fort Apache (Whiteriver)___________ 128 96 B-9 Reservation boarding.
Do ' _____ 1____________ 185 145 B-9 Day.
Theodore Roosevelt_________________ 294 266 B-9 Reservation boarding.
Hopi Agency:
Chimopovy__ ___ __________________ 68 63 B-6 Day.
Hotevilla-Bacabi____________________ 129 113 B-9 Do.
Moencopi__________________________ 86 74 B—6 Do.
Oraibi. ___________________________ 98 90 B-8 Do.
Polacca__ __________________________ 137 123 B-8 Do.
Toreva (Second Mesa) _____________ 69 63 B-6 Do.
Navajo Agency:
Chin Lee Area:
Chin Lee. __ _ _______________ 149 142 B-6 Reservation boarding.
Denehotso______________________ 51 23 B-4 Day.
Lukachukai_____ _______________ 99 54 B-4 Do.
Rock Point_____________________ 40 19 B-3 Do.
Rough Rock.__ ______________ 40 21 B-2 Do.
Fort Defiance Area:
Fort Defiance. ______________ 298 287 B-6 Reservation boarding.
____ Do________________________ 1 1 B-6 Day.
Crystal— _ ________________ 51 33 B-6 Do.
Hunters Point__ ______________ 35 23 B-2 Do.
Saw Mill ______________ 45 24 B-2 Do.
Kearns Canyon Area:
Kearns Canyon__ ____________ 171 163 B-6 Reservation boarding.
Pinyon. _ ____ ________________ 28 20 B-2 Day.
Steamboat Canyon.____________ 60 38 B-3 Do.
Klagetoh Area:
Cornfields.. __________________ 59 46 B-5 Do.
Greasewood____________________ 55 33 B-3 Do.
Kinlichee . ____________ 62 45 B-3 Do.
Klagetoh _____________________ 52 40 B-2 Do.
Pine Springs. _ . ______________ 56 20 B—6 Do.
Wide Ruins. ___________________ 53 34 B-3 Do.
Leupp Area:
Leupp__________________________ 296 249 B-9 Reservation boarding.
___ Do. _______________________ 19 7 B-7 Day.
Red Lake. ... ______________ 42 28 B-3 Do.
Seba Dalkai ___ ________________ 43 23 B-4 Do.
Tuba City Area:
Kaibeto___ _____________________ 27 12 B-5 Do.
Kayenta________________________ 24 9 B-3 Do.
Moenave ___ _ ______________ 9 6 B-3 Do.
Navajo Mountain ______________ 26 11 B-3 Do.
Shonto.. _____________________ 17 10 B-5 Do.
Tuba City______________________ 316 279 B-8 Reservation boarding.
____ Do..’.____________ __________ 15 3 B—6 Day.
Phoenix:
Phoenix ___________________________ 521 467 7-12 Nonreservation boarding.
Phoenix Sanatorium________________ 97 55 B-8
Pima Agency:
Blackwater_________________________ 70 54 B-5 Day.
Casa Blanca.._____________________ 112 92 B-5 Do.
Fort McDowell_____________________ 22 18 B—6 Do.
Gila Crossing__ _____________________ 66 57 B-6 Do.
Maricopa.. ______________ 34 24 B-6 Do.
Pima Central (Sacaton)_____________ 280 212 B-10 Do.
Santan_____________________________ 118 91 B-5 Do.
Salt River__ _____ _ ______________ 187 165 B-10 Do.
San Carlos Agency:
San Carlos_________________________ 138 85 B-9 Reservation boarding.
Do_________________ ____ _______ 325 261 B-9 Day.
Sells Agency:
Chui Chiuschu_____________________ 30 19 B-4 Do.
Fresnal Canyon____________________ 13 8 B-4 Do.
Ker wo_____________________________ 55 26 B-3 Do.
Poso Redondo.-___________________ 43 26 B-4 Do.
Quajote ___ _____________________ 30 18 B-3 Do.
Santa Rosa Ranch __ _____________ 30 22 B-6 Do.
Santa Rosa_________________________ 153 103 B-6 Do.
Sells __________________________ 176 120 B-6 Do.
Ventana____________________________ 39 32 B-3 Do.
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 225
Tab le 4.—Indian schools, classification and statistics for fiscal year ended
June 30, 1936—Continued
State, agency, and school Enrollment
Average
attendance
Grades
taught Class of school
Arizona—Continued.
Truxton Canyon Agency:
Havasupai_________________________ 23 19 B-6 Day.
Peach Springs______________________ 26 22 B-5 Do.
Truxton Canyon____________________ 212 196 B-8 Reservation boarding.
California: Sherman______________________ 727 695 9-12 Nonreservation boarding.
Colorado:
Consolidated Ute Agency:
Towaoc____________________________ 60 52 B-5 Day.
Southern Ute_______________________ 209 197 B-8 Reservation boarding.
Florida:
Seminole Agency: Seminole------------ 23 9 B-4 Day.
Idaho:
Fort Hall Agency:
Bannock Creek_____________________ 24 22 B-9 Do.
Lincoln Creek _____________________ 20 18 B-10 Do.
Ross Fork Creek____________________ 28 20 B-9 Do.
Fort Lapwai Sanatorium____________ 187 76 B-ll
Iowa:
Sac & Fox Sanatorium_________________ 53 32 B-7
Fox________________________________ 28 16 5-8 Do.
Mexquakie_________________________ 68 47 B-4 Do.
Kansas: Haskell____________________________ 673 605 9-12 Nonreservation boarding.
Minnesota:
Consolidated Chippewa Agency: Pine
Point_______________________________ 77 52 B-8 Day.
Pipestone_______________________________ 272 253 B-9 Nonreservation boarding.
lied Lake Agency: Cross Lake_________ 111 104 B-7 Day.
Mississippi:
Choctaw Agency:
Bogue Chitto_______________________ 51 30 B-5 Do.
Bogue Homo_______________________ 12 8 B-6 Do.
Conehatta--------------------------------------- 63 43 1-7 Do.
Pearl River_________________________ 82 . 67 1-9 Do.
Red Water______________________ _ 60 52 B-9 Do.
Standing Pine_______ ._____________ 34 22 B-6 Do.
Tucker--------------------- ---------------------- 57 37 B-9 Do.
Montana:
Rocky Boy’s Agency:
Haystack Butte____________________ 69 39 B-ll Do.
Parker Canyon_____________________ 33 29 B-6 Do.
Rocky Boy_________________________ 23 13 B-3 Do.
Sangrey____________________________ 68 37 B-6 Do.
Sawmill Camp_____________________ 78 37 B-6 Do.
Tongue River Agency:
Tongue River... „......... - 21 17 B-7 Do.
Do____ ________ ________________ 80 73 B-8 Reservation boarding.
Birney________________ _______ _____ 44 33 B-6 Day.
Muddy Creek______________________ 7 6 1-8 Do.
Nevada:
Carson Agency:
Carson_____________________________ 494 402 B-12 Nonreservation boarding.
Fallon_____________________________ 26 22 B-2 Day.
Fort McDermitt____________________ 29 27 B-6 Do.
Lovelock___________________________ 24 17 B-6 Do.
Nevada____________________________ 77 61 B-8 Co.
Walker River_______________________ 81 65 1-8 Do.
New Mexico:
Jicarilla Agency:
Jicarilla Sanatorium_________________ 48 44 B-6
J icarilla-Apache_____________________ 93 84 B-6 Reservation boarding.
Mescalero Agency:
Mescalero____ ______________________ 122 93 B-6 Day.
Whitetail-Apache___________________ 39 29 B-6 Do.
Navajo Agency:
Crown Point Area:
Crown Point____________________ 341 287 B-6 Reservation boarding.
Lake Valley____________________ 34 15 B-3 Day.
Pueblo Alto_________________— 31 18 B-3 Do.
Standing Rock__________________ 34 19 B-3 Do.
Torreon___ _ _ ______________ 59 33 B-4 Do.
White Horse Lake______________ 26 17 B-4 Do.
Shiprock Area:
Aneth_________________________ 38 19 B-6 Do.
Biclabito..____________ ______ 40 27 B-3 Do.
Cove________________________ „ 36 23 B-3 Do.
Huerfano_______________________ 35 14 B-3 Do.
Redrock________________________ 72 44 B-l Do.
226 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Tab le 4.—Indian schools, classification and statistics for fiscal year ended
June 30, 1936—Continued
State, agency, and school Enrollment
Average
attendance
Grades
taught Class of school
New Mexico—Continued.
Navajo Agency—Continued.
Shiprock Area—Continued.
San Juan_______________________ 331 280 B-8 Do________________________ Reservation boarding.
Teecnospos____________
111
61
76
36
1-8
B-3
B-3
B-4
B 4
Day.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Reservation boarding.
Day.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Toadlena Area:
Burnhams______________________
Nava______ __________
46
61
27
44
Sanostee____ _ ... _ 63 53
Toadlena_________________ 223
2
27
59
2052
17
36
B-6
5
B-3
B 2.
Do________________________
Tohatchi Area:
Coyote Canyon_________________
Mexican Springs________ _____
Naschitti__________ 70 37 B-2
Tohatchi____ 152 91 B-6 Do.
Fort Wingate Area:
Baca_______ 43 32 B-3 Do.
Canoncito________ 42 35 B-3 Do
Chechilgeetho________ . ... 49 21 B-3 Do.
Wingate Vocational High________ 597 469 7-12 Reservation boarding.
lyanbito____ 30 16 B-5
Mariano Lake__ 34 19 B-4 Do. Pinedale_________ 25 17 B-3 Do.
United Pueblos Agency:
Albuquerque_______________________ 785 704 7-12 Nonreservation boarding. Acomita_________ 100 86 B-6 Dav. Chicale________ 33 25 B-6 ‘Do.
Cochiti_________ 49 46 B-6 Do. Encinal____________ 16 14 B-5 Do. Isleta_________________ 130 108 B-6 Do. Jemez_______ 36 34 1-3 Do. Jemez Mission____________ 31 27 B-3 Do. Laguna______ 67 58 B-6 Do. MeCartys__________________________
Mesita________
67
21
60
12
B-6
B-6
Do.
Nambe________ Do. 30 29 B-6 Do. Nutria__________ 23 20 B-5 Do. Paguate__________ 80 65 B-6 Do. Paraje_________ 42 35 B-5 Do. Picuris___________ 27 25 B-6 Do. Sandia_______ 16 15 B-6 Do. San Felipe_________ 63 55 B-7 Do. San Juan________ 91 77 B-6 Do. San Ildefonso_______ 24 22 B-5 Do. Santa Ana______ 36 34 B-6 Do. Santa Clara___ 65 60 B-6 Do. Santa Domingo__________ 140 122 B-6 Do. Santa Fe_________________________ 522 452 7-12 Non reservation boarding.
Seama________________________ 22 19 B-6 Day. Sia__________________ 22 21 B-5 Do. Taos___________ 172 150 B-9 Do. Tesuque_________________ 21 19 B-2 Do. Zuni____________ 194 169 1-10 Do. North Carolina:
Cherokee Agency:
Cherokee___________________________ 152 124 1-10 Reservation boarding. Do_________________ 195 161 B-10 Day. Big Cove_______ 37 19 B-5 Do. Birdtown___ 61 41 B-7 Do.
Snowbird__________ 23 18 B-5 Do. Soco_________ _ 102 69 B-6 Do North Dakota:
Bismarck________________________________
Fort Berthold Agency:
114 109 6-9 Nonreservation boarding.
Independence______________ 46 30 B-10 Day. Nishu________ 35 21 B-10 Do. Shell Creek__________ 59 43 B-10 Do. Fort Totten Agency:
Fort Totten Preventorium__________ 121 92 B-10 Reservation boarding. Fort Totten________ 36 27 B-10 Standing Rock Agency:
Little Eagle_____________ 107 85 B-10 Do.
Turtle Mountain Agency:
Turtle Mountain Consolidated_______ 536 484 B-10 Do. Dunseith no. 5___________ 75 64 B-6 Do. Roussin_____________ 91 62 B-4 Do. Wahpeton_______________________________ 398 305 1-11 Nonreservation boarding.
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 227
Tab le 4.—Indian schools, classification and statistics for fiscal year ended
June 30, 1936—Continued
State, agency, and school Enrollment
Average
attendance
Grades
taught Class of school
Oklahoma:
Cheyenne & Arapaho Agency:
Cheyenne & Arapaho_______________ 193 177 1-9 Reservation boarding.
Do_____________________________ 15 10 1-9 Day.
Chilo cco_________________________________ 741 534 7-12 Nonreservation boarding.
Kiowa Agency:
Fort Sill____________________________ 185 155 B-9 Reservation boarding.
Riverside___________________________ 233 206 B-9 Do.
Pawnee Agency:
Pawnee____________________________ 214 201 B-8 Do.
Quapaw Agency:
Seneca_____________________________
Five Civilized Tribes Agency:
254 241 1-9 Do.
Carter Seminary____________________ 206 161 B-9 Nonreservation boarding.
Euchee_____________________________ 157 123 B-9 Do.
Eufaula____________________________ 159 147 B-9 Do.
Jones Academy_____________________ 207 178 B-9 Do.
Wheelock Academy_________________ 144 132 B-9 Do.
Sequoyah_______________________________ 392 367 B-12 Do.
Oregon:
Salem____________________________________ 374 293 1-12 Do.
Warm Springs Agency:
Burns______________________________ 45 36 B-8 Day.
Warm Springs______________________
South Dakota:
150 143 B-10 Reservation boarding.
Cheyenne River Agency:
Bridger____________________________ 16 11 B-6 Day.
Cheyenne River____________________ 223 190 B-10 Reservation boarding.
Do_____________________________ 34 26 B-10 Day.
Cherry Creek_______________________ 42 28 B-6 Do.
Green Grass________________________ 20 11 B-6 Do.
Moreau River______________________ 24 13 B-6 Do.
Thunder Butte-------------------------------- 31 21 B-6 Do.
Red Scaffold_______________________ 55 34 B-8 Do.
Flandreau_______________________________ 457 437 10-12 Nonreservation boarding.
Pierre____________________________________ 302 264 1-9 Do.
Pine Ridge Agency:
Oglala Community High____________ 482 357 B-12 Reservation boarding.
Do_____________________________ 172 124 B-12 Day.
No. 4______________________________ 18 14 B-6 Do.
No. 5______________________________ 51 29 B-6 Do.
No. 6______________________________ 32 22 B-6 Do.
No. 7______________________________ 31 20 B-6 Do.
No. 9______________________________ 37 20 B-6 Do.
No. 10______________________________ 18 6 B-6 Do.
No. 12______________________________ 17 9 B-6 Do.
No. 13______________________________ 18 8 B-6 Do.
No. 15______________________________ 25 18 B-4 Do.
No. 16______________________________ 43 28 B-4 Do.
No. 22______________________________ 23 11 B-4 Do.
No. 23______________________________ 22 15 B-4 Do.
No. 24______________________________ 62 34 B-4 Do.
No. 25______________________________ 22 12 B-4 Do.
No. 26______________________________ 18 10 B-5 Do.
American Horse____________________ 113 81 B-8 Do.
Grass Creek________________________ 16 9 B-4 Do.
Kyle----------------------------------------------- 175 122 B-9 Do.
Red Shirt Table____________________ 31 21 B-6 Do.
Slim Butte_________________________ 32 22 B-6 Do.
Wakpamni Lake_________________ __ 11 9 1-6 Do.
Rosebud Agency:
Blackpipe__________________________ 28 16 B-4 Do.
Greenwood_________________________ 38 29 B-8 Do.
He Dog____________________________ 160 100 B-8 Do.
Little Crow’s_______________________ 25 18 B-6 Do.
Milk’s Camp_______________________ 31 23 B-5 Do.
Ring Thunder______________________ 30 21 B-6 Do.
Rosebud__________________________ 231 184 1-11 Reservation boarding.
Agency------------------------------------------- 70 45 1-8 Day.
Soldier Creek_______________________ 31 19 B-6 Do.
Spring Creek_______________________ 32 12 B-6 Do.
Utah:
Paiute Agency:
Goshute____ _______ ________________ 43 31 B-8 Do.
Kaibab_____________________________ 20 13 B-6 Do.
Uintah and Ouray Agency:
Uintah_____________________________ 82 58 B-8 Reservation boarding.
Do......... .................................................. 79 58 B-9 Day.
228 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Tab le 4.—Indian schools, classification and statistics for fiscal year ended
June 30, 1936—Continued
State, agency, and school Enrollment
Average
attendance
Grades
taught Class of school
Wisconsin:
Keshena Agency:
Neopit........... .......................................... 38 26 B-8 Day.
Great Lakes Agency:
Lac du Flambeau_____ ____________ 165 142 1-9 Do.
Wyoming:
Shoshone Agency:
Shoshone......... . ....................... ........ 194 141 B-10 Do.
SCHOOL SUMMARY
Class Number of
schools
Enrollment
Average
attendance
Total_______________________________ ____ __________________ 249 26,248 21,006
Nonreservation boarding_________________ _____________ _____ 19 7,645
6,396
11,822
385
6, 628
Reservation boarding..~__________________________ ______ ___ 28 5,486
Day____________ .1_______________________________________ 198 8, 685
Sanatorium_________ ____ __________________________________ 4 207
.--------------------------------------------------------------- E------------------------
OFFICE OF EDUCATION
(Dr. J. W. Stu de ba ke r , Commissioner)
FOREWORD
Next year the United States Office of Education will be 70 years
old. From Henry Barnard’s first report of the Commissioner of
Education to Congress, we read:
It is obvious that neither constitutional provisions, legislative enactments, nor
the existence of the most perfect schoolhouses, will secure the right education
of the children of the Nation, without a body of teachers devoted to the work
of public instruction, possessing in a sufficient degree, the requisite qualifications
of character, attainments, and skill.
The first Commissioner’s statement brings renewed appreciation of
the view that while equipment and the application of educational
methods change, educational principles hold fast throughout the
ages.
In the present report of the Commissioner of Education, Commissioner
Barnard’s statement of principle may well be re-affirmed. The
teacher’s place in education today is as paramount as it was in 1867.
In “constitutional provisions”, “legislative enactments”, “most perfect
schoolhouses” and other equipment and the application of educational
methods, 70 years have brought many changes.
This report presents a review of some of these changes and measures
of educational progress that have been noted throughout the
Nation during the period from July 1, 1935, to June 30, 1936.
I. GENERAL OUTLOOK IN EDUCATION
1. DEVELOPMENTS DURING THE YEAR
IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS
It is evident that the Nation’s public schools are entering upon a
new period of development and progress. Reports received from a
majority of State departments of education show that fewer States
this year than during the two or three preceding years were in need
of Federal funds to keep their schools in operation. Funds for current
expenses and for capital outlay were increased over those of 1
or 2 years ago in a large number of communities. Teachers’ salaries
in both rural and urban communities and expenditures for
229
230 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
operation and maintenance of school plants also showed increases, as
well as capital outlay which was greatly increased by the use of
P. W. A. funds.
In the early years of the depression when school boards were frantically
seeking means to reduce expenses, many worth-while activities
and services were curtailed or even eliminated. But the following
are being gradually restored: Kindergartens, schools and classes for
handicapped children, night schools, art, music, home economics,
physical education, and health programs.
While enrollments in the lower grades of the elementary schools
have been decreasing due to the falling birth rate, enrollments in the
secondary schools have been increasing. The increase in the latter
type of school is owing in part to larger initial enrollments and in
part to retention of high-school pupils for longer periods of time
through a smaller number dropping out.
Elementary and secondary school curriculums are reflecting the
social changes throughout the country. Objectives are being stated
in terms of increased opportunities for social well-being, and of the
maximum development of each individual as contrasted with confining
curriculum goals to the mere achievements in school subjects.
Both in the field of elementary and secondary education the application
of measurement to education has been growing. This growth
is due in part to the fact that the use of tests in the classroom or
guidance situation is becoming better defined and understood.
The movement to extend educational services to preschool children
and adults should be noted. Largely due to the widespread emergency
nursery-school program as well as to research in child development,
educators and parents are recognizing the values of preschool
education. The emergency nursery schools are furnishing a
valuable demonstration in the public care of very young children.
In time such schools will doubtless become an integral part of the
public-school system. Adult education is being promoted along
cultural, recreational, and vocational lines.
Turning to school finance, the past fiscal year is one of unusual
development. A number of legislatures meeting in 1935 materially
revised their State school support plans and the revised plans were
in operation for the first time during the school year 1935-36.
Among the most important of such revised school-support plans are
those of Arizona, Florida, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada,
New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South
Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, West Virginia,
and Wyoming. The most outstanding feature of the new plans is
the provision for a relatively larger amount of funds for the public
schools from State-wide sources for the year 1935-36 and succeeding
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 231
years, than had been provided previously. The movement in itself
is one of great significance to the welfare of the public schools.
This movement toward greater State participation in public-school
support appears to be, in most instances at least, a State guarantee
that public-school facilities can be made available to all youth rather
than a definite attempt to equalize school costs among the local school
taxing units, since the additional funds are apportioned in large part
as flat grants. That is, the local district receives, under the terms of
most of the revised plans, a specified amount per pupil, per teacher, or
per other unit; in some cases, however, the ability to pay is also a
feature of the new plan.
The States have resorted to various revenue sources for the additional
funds. State taxes levied especially for public-school revenue
were used to a greater extent than ever before. These include severance,
liquor, sales, income, and tobacco. However, the additional
funds were derived from the State’s general fund in some cases.
Other features of State school finance programs which changed
during the year include many specific provisions concerning indebtedness,
teachers’ salaries, support of libraries, and support for institutions
of higher learning.
IN THE COLLEGES
The college year has been marked by distinct evidences of recovery.
While no complete figures for 1935-36 are available, it seems safe to
say, judging by scattered reports, that the enrollments were back
nearly to the 1931-32 figure, the income from endowments had increased
slightly above its low, and about half the cut in public funds
had been restored. The lowest period for the colleges was the year
1933-34. That year all institutions combined suffered, when compared
with 1931-32, an 8-percent decrease in enrollments for the regular
academic year, a 9-percent decrease in income from endowments,
and a 21-percent decrease in income from public funds.
The Federal student-aid program, which provided jobs to about
110,000 young people in college, a cost of more than $1,500,000 per
month, was of unquestioned help not only to the young people but to
the colleges. Much useful work which would otherwise have been left
undone was done by these students. At the same time the students
were given their rightful chance to continue their education, and they
did educational work equal to and in many institutions superior to
that done by classmates who were doing no work for wages.
The construction of buildings on college campuses came to an
almost complete stop 3 years ago. The Public Works Administration
has stimulated the movement to build by approving projects at
colleges amounting to about $60,000,000.
232 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
The social science courses experienced a rapid increase in demand
during the year. In some institutions enrollments in these courses
were double what they were but 4 years earlier. Paralleling this
development there was a widespread increase in student forums devoted
to discussions of current social, economic, and political issues.
And not unrelated to this has been the increase in departments and
schools organized to train for public service.
Finally, perhaps the most significant development of the year was
the distinct rise in the standards of many of the professions. Demands
for higher standards of training for teachers were general.
The 2-year teacher training course lost ground in favor of the 4-year
teacher training course. Many high schools will not accept as
teachers anyone without at least a master’s degree. Graduate courses
in engineering increased rapidly. Special institutes for alumni became
more common. Colleges generally have felt the urge to meet
the more exacting demands of modern business, scientific, and
professional life.
PROVISIONS FOR YOUTH
Significant has been the growth of interest on the part of educators
and community leaders in the problems of out-of-school youth. The
newer development in education is a growing sense of community
responsibility toward youth to the end that the school and other
agencies of the community provide programs leading definitely
toward establishment of the young person vocationally, socially, and
in other ways of normal community living.
The increase in guidance and counselling services of the schools,
the development of placement programs, the increased emphasis upon
vocational training in the curriculum to prepare for work, and the
growth in the number of part-time and evening school classes of
both a vocational and general character are indicative of educational
provisions attracting many young persons in their attempt to become
more fully established.
One of the striking developments of last year has been the number
of such surveys completed on State, city, county, and community
bases. These surveys have been instrumental in the establishment or
extension for out-of-school youth of many educational provisions,
such as emergency colleges, university extension classes, group correspondence
courses, high-school classes for post-graduates, library
reading courses, radio broadcast classes, youth forums, educational
clubs, community schools, trade and part-time cooperative classes,
art and handicraft classes, training for household service, part-time
classes in vocational home-making and vocational agriculture, and
commercial training of diversified types. These educational developOFFICE
OF EDUCATION 233
ments have attracted large numbers of young persons from the outof-
school group.
The passage of the George-Deen Act, to extend vocational education
opportunities throughout the United States, represents still
another of the newer developments of interest with respect to education
for out-of-school youth.
2. PARTICIPATION IN EMERGENCY EDUCATION
ACTIVITIES
CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS
The educational program in the Civilian Conservation Corps has
made significant and steady progress during the past fiscal year.
Objectives of the program have become clearer and more practical,
its administration and supervision have been strengthened, and
experience in camp work has developed many new and successful
practices.
Approximately 75 percent of the enrollees are now voluntarily
participating in some form of educational activity. The objectives
as now defined are: Elimination of illiteracy; removal of deficiencies
in common school subjects; training on the job; general vocational
training; a vocational training; cultural and general education; health
and safety education; character and citizenship training; and assisting
enrollees in finding employment.
The essential items in the plan for the educational program adopted
November 22, 1933, by the Emergency Conservation Work Administration,
provided that the Office of Education would act in an advisory
capacity to the War Department in all matters affecting the educational
program. A director of C. C. C. camp education was appointed
by the United States Commissioner of Education to select
and supervise corps area and camp educational advisers, and to
recommend to the Secretary of War the outlines of instruction, teaching
procedures, and types of teaching materials for use in the camps.
The original plan also provided for the appointment of a corps
area educational adviser in each of the nine corps areas to act in an
advisory capacity to the corps area commander on educational matters.
An assistant corps area adviser was authorized and assigned to
each of the nine corps areas in the beginning of the fiscal year.
Until July 1935 corps area educational advisers were called upon to
supervise the educational work of all the camps in their corps areas.
The authorization of district educational advisers during this year
completed the chain of organization and provided for more adequate
supervision of the work. District commanders, aided by their district
advisers, were able to provide better training for camp advisers and
234 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
thus to develop more satisfactory programs. The appointment of
these educational officials is probably the greatest forward step since
the inception of the program.
The quota of camp advisers varied greatly during the year, due to
the fluctuation in the size of the corps, as is shown by the following
table:
July
1935
October
1935
January
1936
April
1936
June
1936
Number of companies__________ _____ ____________
Quota of advisers________________________________
Number of advisers on duty______________________
2,270
2,000
1,336
2,440
2,200
2,118
2,164
2,000
1,951
2,121
1,900
1,834
2,105
1,902
1,848
During the year 1,321 advisers were appointed. A study of the
personnel records of these men shows that all are college graduates,
74 percent have bachelor degrees, 23 percent master degrees, and 3
percent have doctor degrees. Over half of them have majored in
education and the social sciences during their college years. Approximately
60 percent had previous experience in teaching, and 12
percent had administrative school work. About 40 percent had
business or industrial experience.
The duties and responsibilities of camp educational advisers have
been more clearly defined during the year and may be classified
briefly under 12 major headings: Study and investigation; counselling,
guidance, and placement; cooperative planning; promotion of
new educational activities; administration of the program; teacher
and leader training; improving physical equipment; teaching enrollees;
maintaining community contacts; promotion of recreational
activities; paper work; and miscellaneous (special duties assigned
by company commanders).
Committees on education.—In order to obtain the active interest
and cooperation of the military and technical personnel, committees
on education have been organized in a large number of camps. In
several corps areas, these committees were organized in all camps by
order of the corps area commander. The committee consists of the
company commander, project superintendent, educational adviser,
and an outstanding enrollee. Its purpose is to develop the educational
program in all its phases during the work hours and in the
leisure time of the enrollees.
Counselling and guidance.—The success of a camp educational
program depends primarily upon the effectiveness of the camp adviser’s
work in counselling and guidance. The first duty of the adviser
in this respect is to interview enrollees upon their first arrival
in the camp. Enrollees having common interests are then organized
into groups for work under competent leaders. Those requiring inOFFICE
OF EDUCATION 235
dividual treatment receive personal attention from competent
persons.
Elimination of illiteracy.—Analyses of the educational level of enrollees
reveal that approximately 2% percent have been illiterate.
Naturally elimination of illiteracy has been considered one of the
primary objectives of the program. In October 1935 the Office of
Education issued a publication suggesting a number of techniques and
materials that had been found to be of value in instructing illiterate
enrollees. The Ninth Corps Area educational adviser’s office published
a text designed specifically for use in the C. C. C. camps. Results
achieved in this field are shown in the following table:
Number of illiterates______________________________________
Number learning to read and write_________________________
Percentage____________ _________________ ____ ____________
May
1936
July
1935
October
1935
January
1936
7,369
6,521
88
11,283
9,078
80
10,927
9,169
84
7,852
7,017
89
It is estimated that 35,000 illiterate enrollees have been taught to
read and write since the start of the C. C. C.
Educational level of enrollees.—The educational level of enrollees
varies considerably in each camp and corps area, but on a countrywide
basis, there has been little or no change from month to month
in the percentage of enrollees on each level. The proportion for
each school grade is given in the following table:
Illiterate_________________ ______ _________ ________________
Elementary_______________________________________________
High school_______________________________________________
College_________________ ____ ______ _______ _______________
2.5
28.5
54.0
15.0
July
1935
October
1935
January
1936
2.5 2.5 2.5
23.9 28.5 28.4
55. 1 52.7 53.0
18.4 16.2 16.0
May
1936
The following table indicates the enrollment in academic courses
for 3 selected months during the year:
Enrollment October
1935
January
1936
May
1936
Elementary subjects_________________________________________________ 80,016 90,695 77,343
High-school subjects.__ _____________________________________________ 114,728 101, 584 83, 485
College subjects_________________________________________________ 8,071 7,078 6,020
There are more than 60 major types of work in which the Civilian
Conservation Corps is engaged. These major classifications may be
broken down into more than 300 jobs for training purposes. The
236 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
number of enrollees receiving such planned instruction is shown in
the following table:
July
1935
October
1935
January
1936
April
1936
June
1936
Enrollees receiving job training...______ ________ 135,065 188,783 234,706 195,280 215, 320
To supplement the vocational instruction gained through job training,
courses have been arranged in the camp schools which contain
more detailed and advanced vocational material. To help improve
the content of these courses, the Office of Education issued to the
camps 15 lesson outlines dealing with such subjects as agriculture,
auto repair, carpentry, cooking, mechanical drawing, radio servicing,
and plane surveying. A Manual for Instructors was also distributed
to all companies.
The number of enrollees receiving vocational training is as follows.
(The figure for July is estimated.) More than 50 percent of
the courses are vocational in nature.
July 1935 October
1935
January
1936
April
1936
June
1936
Enrollment in vocational courses________________ 120,000 162,393 229,146 206,962 215, 642
It is estimated that approximately 40 percent of C. C. C. enrollees
are from rural communities and in all probability the larger proportion
will engage in farming as their life work. Agricultural education
was stressed during the spring of 1936. The interest and cooperation
of the Department of Agriculture’s Extension Service and of
the Vocational Division of the Office of Education were secured and
suggestions for establishing or improving agricultural courses were
sent out to all camps. The formation of practical projects in gardening,
poultry raising, dairying, and other agricultural activities
was encouraged. As a result, about 50 percent of the companies now
offer agricultural courses.
Camp libraries have been expanded to the extent that 350,000'
books are circulating monthly and over 150,000 men are regularly
engaged in reading. Nearly 10,000 educational films dealing with a
wide variety of subjects are being shown to enrollees every month.
More than 1,600 camps now publish camp newspapers. Instruction
in the duties and responsibilities of citizens is given in a large number
of camps, and forum and debating groups have proven popular.
A recent survey indicated that more than half the camps have
organized an open forum or debating society.
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 237
The number of teachers supplied by the W orks Progress Administration
and the National Youth Administration increased fiom
1,321 in October 1935 to 2,316 in March 1936, which represents a per
company increase of 93 percent. The number of regular school teachers
who acted as volunteer unpaid instructors of enrollees increased
from 143 in July 1935 to 398 in June 1936. The number of laymen
who acted as regular instructors averaged about 1,400 per month.
School authorities in a large number of cases have placed their buildings,
libraries, gymnasiums, and playgrounds at the service of the enrollees.
Colleges and universities have extended needed assistance in
the field of higher education.
The basic purpose of the educational program is to return enrollees
to their home communities better equipped mentally and morally for
their duties as citizens and with a better knowledge of the Government
under which they live and of all that that Government means.
The C. C. C. officials, therefore, in addition to offering educational opportunities
to the enrollees while in camp are making intensive efforts
to assist enrollees to find employment upon their return home.
To assist in the work of satisfactorily adjusting enrollees to community
conditions and in helping them locate work, advisers in several
corps areas have fostered the formation of community guidance and
placement councils.
The efforts of C. C. C. officials to help C. C. C. men bridge the gap
between camp and employment are undoubtedly winning substantial
results. Camp authorities are deeply gratified over a recent report
from Director Robert Fechner’s office indicating that 145,531 men
left the corps during the year of 1935 to accept employment.
WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION
The Works Progress Administration has sent over 60 projects involving
research and experimentation in education and educational
psychology to the Office of Education for review and recommendation
regarding their technical and practical aspects. These projects involved
research in many different areas of education, such as instruction,
guidance, failures, buildings, etc., and each involved expenditures
ranging from about $1,000 to over $50,000. Members of the staff
of the Office of Education reviewed these projects and made
recommendations.
PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION
Information concerning public-school building activity, schooldistrict
indebtedness, and other phases of school administration has
been supplied from time to time upon request of the Public Works
Administration. Publications of the Office, particularly those dealing
238 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
with school finances and statistics, have been furnished the P. W. A.
A number of personal interviews and conferences concerning school
buildings and records have been held with P. W. A. staff members
throughout the year.
II. THE OFFICE OF EDUCATION DURING 1935-36
1. NEW SERVICES
SPECIAL PROJECTS
Five special projects made possible through Federal relief funds
have been administered by the Office of Education during the year.
These projects include public forums, educational radio, research in
universities, survey of vocational education and guidance of negroes,
and local school units. The first two of these projects are herewith
reported, while the other three are reported under sections dealing
with research.
Public forums.—With the allocation of $330,000 of Federal relief
funds the Office of Education, under the general direction of the Commissioner,
has established 10 forum demonstration centers in 10 different
States well distributed geographically across the country. The
following communities are included in this program: Manchester,
N. H.; Schenectady, N. Y.; Monongalia County, Morgantown, W. Va.;
Hamilton County, Chattanooga, Tenn.; Wichita, Kans.; Minneapolis,
Minn.; Colorado Springs, Colo.; Orange County, Santa Ana, Calif.;
Little Rock, Ark.; and Portland, Oreg. The gross population served
by these 10 projects is approximately 2,000,000.
The record of the first three centers to get under way, for an
initial period of 5 months, is as follows: Manchester, N. H.—91
meetings, 5,856 attendance; Colorado Springs, Colo.—162 meetings,
13,369 attendance; Monongalia County, W. Va.—184 meetings, 7,879
attendance. Approximately 50 unemployed persons were engaged
during this period in these 3 projects.
Each project, in addition to organizing and managing neighborhood
forum meetings, promoted the reading of important books on
public affairs, the extended use of the library, the distribution of
pamphlet material, the discussion of public questions on the radio
or in the newspapers and in a score of other ways contributed to
a community-wide development of adult education. Approximately
40 competent forum leaders will be engaged in the 10 projects during
the coming fall and winter period, leading about 5,000 meetings,
at which a total attendance of between 350,000 and 500,000 people
is anticipated.
In each of the centers the board of education or a group of representative
educational authorities constituting a special forum board
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 239
functions as the policy-making body. In addition, a citizens’ advisory
committee has been formed in each center with a membership
of 25 or more citizens representing a fair cross section of community
organizations. Selection of forum leaders and relief stall
has been made by the local administrator with the approval of the
policy-making board and the board of advisors. In each case the
local project administrator is the superintendent of schools for the
recognized local agency of public education. This administrator
serves in this capacity without compensation from the Federal Government,
but is appointed by the Department of the Interior.
The local agencies of education are responsible for providing
supervisory personnel without cost to the project where it is needed
to augment the activities of the paid forum leaders.
The response to the public-forum project has been Nation-wide.
Hundreds of educators and others in positions of authority have
petitioned the Office of Education for such assistance in the development
of similar programs. A heavy correspondence has developed
as a result of the announcements of these projects indicating a vital
interest on the part of thousands of people in adult civic education.
Educational radio.—The experience of the Office of Education
with a weekly radio service during the past 3 years led to the establishment,
at the end of 1935, of the educational radio project. This
project is producing five new experimental weekly educational programs,
the first of which went on the air March 1936.
These programs were launched by means of a grant of $75,000
from emergency funds and through the cooperation of the National
Broadcasting Co. and the Columbia Broadcasting System. The
grant made possible the assembling of a group of experts from the
radio industry, as well as the employment of more than 60 unemployed
radio actors, script writers, and technicians. The networks’
contributions of thousands of dollars’ worth of equipment, facilities,
and time brought these programs to listeners in communities from
coast to coast.
Primary aims of these services are to discover new methods of
educational broadcasting and to pass along the lessons learned to
educators all over the country, who have appealed to the Office of
Education for some solution of their local problems.
Enthusiastic response of listeners—who have written thousands of
letters of commendation in the first 5 months of the project—indicate
that what used to pass for educational broadcasting is inadequate
and that new techniques of broadcasting will recruit mass listeners
for education. Important also is the discovery that effective broadcasting
stimulates educational activity and results in greater use of
libraries and wider distribution of Government publications.
98234—36—17
240 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Tentative conclusions of the first few months of experience with
this new art show that (1) the techniques of broadcasting school
subjects need more intense investigation, but that (2) radio, properly
used, is a most valuable medium for bringing to masses of people
messages of culture, of conservation, of government, of health, of
safety. Further research on these problems should reveal methods
for more successful, valuable, educational broadcasting.
STATE SCHOOL SPECIALIST
A senior specialist in State school systems was added to the Office
and assigned to the American School Systems Division the past year.
The duties of the new specialist include the initiating and conducting
of studies of practices and problems of State school administration
and coordinating resources and services of other divisions and specialists
of the Office of Education insofar as they have relationships
to State school administration. The specialist acts as consultant to
State and Territorial superintendents, commissioners, and other
school officials in matters of State, Territorial, and local school administration
and Federal relations to public schools. He also cooperates
with and assists in State studies and surveys of public education,
prepares for publication results of surveys and studies relating to
State school administration, addresses educational and other organizations
on topics concerned with Federal, State, and local administration
and support of education.
CONSERVATION EDUCATION
The place of conservation education in the school program, appropriate
instructional materials, and means of integrating such materials
into the school program through coordination with the established
content subjects, through experience units or in other ways, are
topics which involve difficult problems for school officers to solve. A
new recognition of the importance of the whole broad field of conservation
of natural and human resources, its meaning and scope, the
necessity of understanding and expressing fundamental school concepts
throughout the school program is abroad. The interest of school
program makers, supervisors, and teachers has been reflected throughout
the year in the form of requests to the Office of Education for
definite assistance in formulation of curriculum material. What arc
the best sources of curriculum materials for conservation teaching?
What are prevailing practices throughout the country among school
systems in conservation instruction in elementary and secondary
schools and in adult programs ? are some of the questions received.
During the year the Office has been somewhat unprepared to meet
this demand adequately because of limitations of its staff. However,
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 241
due to the importance of a better understanding of the far-reaching
effects of neglect and exploitation in the past and the belief that only
through education can effective steps be taken in bringing about a
change of attitude, certain emergency adjustments have been made to
meet the immediate needs, at least partially. There have been prepared
or are under way bibliographies of instructional materials and
methods, information on present practices in school curriculum content,
and a preliminary examination of State and other courses of
study, with a view to having on file and for dissemination information
about present practices in conservation teaching. Under preparation
at the present time are outlines and suggestions concerned with instructional
material and its use on elementary and secondary levels
where the demand just now is most urgent.
NEW LIBRARY DIVISION
Fostered by the American Library Association and endorsed by the
Library Association of the District of Columbia, the new Library
Division established by act of Congress, this year, brings to fruition
plans which have long been considered desirable for the promotion
of library service. While the Office of Education since its beginning
has been mindful of libraries and their place in the educational
scheme, this is a decided stamp of approval given by Congress to a
plan for library development by the Office of Education.
The new law provides that the service shall be established for the
purpose of “making surveys, studies, investigations, and reports regarding
public, school, college, university, and other libraries; fostering
coordination of public and school library service; coordinating
library service on the national level with other forms of adult education;
developing national participation in Federal projects; fostering
Nation-wide coordination of research materials among the more
scholarly libraries, interstate library cooperation and the development
of public, school, and other library service throughout the
country.”
FEDERAL RADIO EDUCATION COMMITTEE
The development of the so-called American system of broadcasting
from its inception to the present day has created many problems and
given rise to various difficulties and differing points of view with
regard to public uses of this powerful instrumentality of communication.
State and local departments of education have experimented to
the point where it is estimated that over 200 city-school systems
broadcast more or less regularly over local stations.
But with the pressure of private competitive business time on the
air, certain differences arose with public educational and nonprofit
242 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
agencies which eventually brought extensive hearings by the Federal
Communicaions Commission on the whole subject of educational
broadcasting. Commercial stations pointed out that they were already
doing a considerable amount of educational and public-service
broadcasting and insisted that there was ample time available, especially
on the part of local stations, which could be used by educators
and public-service agencies, if they could show that they were prepared
to broadcast programs which would at least be comparable in
public interest to those sponsored commercially.
The Communications Commission advised Congress that in its
opinion the present system did provide available free time for educational
and public-service broadcasts, and announced that it was creating
a national committee with a view to eliminating controversy and
misunderstanding and promoting active cooperative relationships
between educators and broadcasters. The Commissioner of Education
accepted the invitation to become chairman of the committee,
which includes 40 representatives of the educational forces, the clergy,
labor, nonprofit organizations, and commercial broadcasters.
Prior to the first meeting of the committee, a small representative
planning committee met a number of times, took an overview of the
major problems involved, formulated certain study projects and
incorporated them in an agenda for consideration at the first meeting
of the committee as a whole, which was held last February. As a
result of the 2-day conference it became evident that a comprehensive
study program should be made before definite remedial steps
could be taken or even suggested. Three committees were authorized
at the meeting to explore possibilities and initiate action before
the next meeting of the large committee. The executive committee
was organized and in turn appointed a subcommittee to explore the
problem of conflicts, while a technical subcommittee was created to
define the proposed study projects and develop procedures to be followed
in their eventual operation.
Following several meetings of the various committees, a program
of some 16 study projects was approved and negotiations begun with
several sources of private funds to secure the finances with which to
carry them on. After funds are secured a central coordinating agency
will be established to administer and coordinate the work of the
several studies as they progress.
2. RESEARCH
ORGANIZATION, ADMINISTRATION, AND SUPERVISION
A study made in cooperation with a special committee of the National
Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education dealt
with the standards and practices of graduate work in engineering
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 243
schools. Eighty-two schools of engineering contributed data for the
study, which provides the basis for improvement of standards for
advanced degrees in the field of engineering. An investigation of
the relationship of the State to higher education has been continued
as a long-time research project. The statutes of all the States have
been examined and extracts from them have been compiled and
classified as a basis for a series of studies in this field. A summary
publication has been completed, giving for each State a diagrammatic
representation of agencies which exercise a controlling influence over
institutions of higher education.
A study of junior colleges lists each of the reported junior colleges
in the United States, with essential data concerning them. These
data include the form of control, the number of teachers, the number
of students, the typical expenses required of each student, and
reviews the legislation concerning junior colleges in the several
States. The regular annual report of land-grant colleges and universities
for 1935 was also prepared.
PROGRESSIVE PRACTICES IN RURAL SCHOOLS
A project has been launched to develop a list by States of the
smaller rural schools which are known for their progressive or innovating
practices and to prepare a series of publications showing the
internal organization of such outstanding schools and describing the
procedures employed in bringing about improved educational conditions
despite the limitations of rural communities. One or more such
schools, together with a brief description of the way in which
unusual progress was made, have been named by rural-school leaders
of most of the States. Further study is now being given to this
whole problem with a view to showing practical ways in which rural
education may be improved.
RECORDS AND REPORTS
During the past year the Office of Education has directed considerable
effort to the cooperative study with the States involving revisions
in school records and reports, particularly as related to the State
school statistics reported to the United States Office of Education.
The two major objectives in this study are to determine the items
of information that should be included in the reports from the States
and to formulate basic terminology (with clear definitions) acceptable
to the respective States.
SCHOOL HEALTH
In the investigation made of instruction in hygiene, an inquiry was
sent to all institutions of higher education listed in the Educational
244 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Directory of the Office of Education. A reply was received from
about 65 percent of such institutions. A bulletin entitled “Instruction
in Hygiene in Institutions of Higher Education”, reports on
this study. A study was also made of what the teacher-training
institutions are doing in preparing elementary teachers for school
health work. Pamphlet No. 67, Training of Elementary Teachers
for School Health Work, summarizes this material and includes examples
of courses of study offered in some of these institutions.
Returns are now being tabulated from questionnaires relative to provision
for student-health facilities in institutions of higher education.
FINANCING EDUCATION
In the field of school finance a study of State provisions for equalizing
school costs was completed. This study reveals the principal
feature of each State school-support system existing in 1933-34.
Separate funds are analyzed as to source by States and apportionment
methods are described.
A study of educational facilities for children on Federal supervised
reservations completed this year shows that a large number of
children live on the Government reservations, a majority of whom
attend nearby public schools without the payment of tuition; some
are obliged to pay tuition in public and private schools, while some
others have no school facilities. In a few instances the Federal
Government provides schools or pays tuition.
EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
In the education of exceptional children the year marked the completion
of two major projects. The one was Federal Civil Works
Administration Project F-90, which was begun in the year 1933-34.
When C. W. A. funds were no longer available, the statistical analysis
was completed with the assistance of capable workers serving on
a voluntary basis. The final report on this is a bulletin entitled
“The Deaf and Hard of Hearing in the Occupational World.” The
purpose of the study was to accumulate data which will be contributory
to the better guidance of deaf and hard-of-hearing young
people into those occupations for which they are best fitted.
The other major project completed was the preparation of a
Guide to Curriculum Adjustment for Mentally Retarded Children.
This was the outcome of two special conferences of leaders in the
education of retarded children. Contributions to the publication
were made by all who participated in the conferences. It is designed
especially for those responsible for the education of retarded children
in State and local school systems.
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 245
NATIVE AND MINORITY GROUPS
The Office has furthered its work in education among native and
minority groups in continental United States and its outlying parts
through the extension of its advisory service to departments of education
in school systems and research organizations in universities;
through the preparation and compilation of two additional units in
its series of publications on education in outlying parts; and through
the initiation and promotion of two projects in coordinated research
concerned with language difficulties of bilingual children and their
educational results.
Early in the present calendar year a member of the staff in the
Special Problems Division responsible for education of native and
minority groups spent approximately 2 months visiting schools, conferring
and advising with school officials in Hawaii and in the southwestern
section of the United States, where bilingualism is a serious
problem, especially among children of Spanish-speaking parents. As
a result of the survey of schools in Hawaii, a study of education in
that Territory, begun the preceding year, was completed and published
and is now available. During the visit to the Territorial university
in Hawaii and State universities in California and other
States, plans were formulated and are now under way for the conduct
of coordinated studies concerned with teaching English to bilingual
children. The studies are under a specific project known as
research in universities and colleges. During the year a study of
education in Alaska was prepared for publication. A study and report
of the social and economic conditions of the southern Appalachian
Mountains and of the educational problems resulting from
such conditions was completed during the year. Evidence is presented
in the report of the inadequacy and in some areas of the almost
total absence of educational opportunities in the southern
mountains.
PROGRAMS FOR YOUTH
Activities carried on by the Committee on Youth Problems under
the subsidy from the General Education Board were completed during
the year and the project officially closed March 31, 1936.
The resulting publications of this committee may be briefly characterized
as follows:
BUIXETINS
Youth: How Communities Can Help—Ways in which communities have organized
to help meet the problems of unemployed out-of-school youth and a brief
description of some of the principal programs evolved in these communities.
Youth: Leisure for Living.—An account of the wide variety of leisure-time
activities in which youth engages, with indications of ways in which communities
and youth agencies may best join in making the programs more comprehensive
and effective.
246 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Youth: Education for Those Out of School.-—This description of the programs
and activities carried on in the interest of education for youth out of school
makes a stimulating challenge not only to the agencies concerned but to the
schools as well. The question of what the full responsibility of the schools
should be is raised prominently by this bulletin.
Youth: Vocational Guidance for Those Out of School.-—In a field of such growing
importance as guidance, it is helpful to have this description of vocational
guidance programs carried on for out-of-school youth. Various practices used in
counseling and job placement are described.
Youth: Finding Jobs.—A description of opportunities which combine earning
with learning and an account of the ways in which individuals and communities
unite to make and to find jobs for young people.
Youth: Community Surveys.—This bulletin contains (1) an account of the
surveys which have been carried on in the past 3 years to ascertain facts about
youth, (2) a description of what the techniques involved in making such surveys
are, and (3) the results of 13 community surveys which were conducted uniformly
in cooperation with the Committee on Youth Problems.
STATISTICAL STUDIES
One of the major functions of the Office of Education, set up in the
law under which it was created, is the collection of statistics showing
the progress of education. In the United States, where the control
and administration of education is a State and local function, the
Federal Office of Education acts as the clearing house for statistics
and information on a national basis.
In 1935-36 tabulations were completed on the biennial reports for
1933-34 and new information obtained as shown in the following
table, in which capital letter “C” stands for data collected and “T”
tabulated and “C-T” collected and tabulated within the year.
Subject of study, 1935-36
Type of study
Biennial Periodic Special
State school systems:
Personnel and finances_________________________________________ T
T
T
T
T
Preliminary statistics___________________________________
Revenue receipts by source_______________________________________
County school systems:
Personnel and finances__________________________________
City school systems:
Personnel and finances____________________________________ ____ C-T
Per capita costs________________________________________ C-T
School janitor service___________ ________________ __ C
Higher education:
Personnel and finances__________________________________________ T
Land-grant colleges. ______ __________________________________ .. C-T
Student health_____________________________________________ ____ C-T
T
C-T
Instruction in hygiene___________________________________________
Scholarships______ ______________________________
Secondary schools, public:
Personnel________________________ _____ __________ T
Teaching staff:
Rural salaries, tenure, and experience_____________________________ T
Insurance and annuity funds for college___________________________ C-T
C
C-T
Elementary schools:
General and special supervisors of instruction______________________
Nursery schools:
Personnel_______________________________________________________
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 247
The regular quinquennial study of the status of the personnel employed
in the rural schools has been carried on throughout the year.
Questionnaires were filled in by about 2,500 rural-school administrators
showing the salaries paid to teachers and principals of various
classes of rural schools, their training status, their professional experience,
etc. The data are now being compiled and prepared for
publication.
GUIDANCE
Information on the present status, trends, and problems in guidance
and in industrial arts in city-school systems was collected and
compiled during the year.
EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT
A study of elementary-school graduating examinations was published
during the year. A study of the cumulative-record forms
used in elementary schools, junior and senior high schools was carried
on. For this study the forms used by school systems have been
gathered together and the different items analyzed. The study of
the status of high-school testing practices was completed. This study
gives the actual procedures in using new-type tests, both those constructed
in the school and standardized tests.
LEGISLATION
In the field of school legislation two circulars (nos. 145 and 155),
each entitled “Legislative Action in 1935 Affecting Education”, were
prepared, summarizing the principal legislative educational measures
enacted into law in the different States. Another, Circular No.
158, entitled, “Legislative Action in 1935 Affecting the Financial
Support of Public Education”, contains a summary of the characteristic
features of legislation in each of the States pertaining to the
support of schools, types of taxes levied, changes in the apportionment
of school funds, and provisions for the control of public-school
expenditures.
PARENT EDUCATION
In the fields of parent education and home-and-school cooperation
two studies have been completed and issued: Parent Education Opportunities,
Bulletin, 1935, no. 3, describes the parent education activities
of the Federal Government, State departments of health and
education, public schools, colleges and universities, organizations and
institutions having programs in this field which has been developed
largely within the past decade. Churches, clinics, social agencies
of various kinds, are cooperating in the development of parent education.
Significant Programs of High School Parent-Teacher Asso248
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
ciations, Pamphlet No. 64, discusses the present form and status of
high -school parent-teacher associations; programs and service projects,
and contains conclusions and recommendations for the consideration
of parent-teacher leaders and high-school faculties.
TEACHER TRAINING AND PERSONNEL PROBLEMS
A study of the development of a State program for the certification
of teachers conducted during the first half of the year and data concerned
certification requirements, and included a bibliography and
guiding principles of certification. A selected bibliography on the
education of teachers brought up to date volume I of the National
Survey of the Education of Teachers, and a comparison was made
of salaries of teachers in the land-grant colleges for the years 1928-
29, 1929-30, 1930-31, and 1934-35.
Survey of vocational education and guidance of Negroes.—The
national survey of vocationel education and guidance of Negroes has
been conducted by the Office of Education through a grant of $235,-
000 from emergency funds. While the primary purpose of the grant
was to put to work “white-collar” Negroes who were on relief, the
Office of Education has endeavored to make the study contribute to
the educational advancement of all Negroes. The survey has filled
a long-felt need, and is the outgrowth of many years of interest in
the subject on the part of the Office of Education, educational organizations,
and individuals.
The study has collected information concerning vocational education
and guidance of Negroes with respect to the following items:
(1) Vocational offerings in schools of selected communities; (2) vocational
offerings by nonschool agencies; (3) evening and continuation
schools; (4) training of vocational teachers; (5) vocational
teacher-training facilities; (6) prevocational-education programs;
(7) vocational-guidance programs; (8) personnel data of students
enrolled in vocational courses of the various types of schools and
colleges; (9) status of graduates and drop-outs; (10) attitude of
students and educational leaders toward the vocational training of
the Negro; (11) the conception of students and educational leaders of
the Negro’s function in American economic life.
The survey, national in scope, has comprised approximately 192
representative urban and rural communities, located in 33 States and
the District of Columbia, and including nearly two-thirds of the
total Negro population of the United States. A total of 479 persons
on relief have been given employment, 205 of whom were male and
274 female. These relief workers had a total of 1,109 dependents.
This means that, excluding the 42 nonrelief workers and their dependents,
a total of 1,588 persons have benefited directly from the
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 249
project. Of the 479 relief workers, 75 had only high-school education,
227 had attended college, 131 had been graduated from college,
34 had done graduate work, and 12 hold the master’s degree. Of the
nonrelief workers, six hold the Ph. D. degree, or nearly its equivalent,
and practically all others hold the master’s degree.
The findings of the survey, together with interpretations, conclusions,
and recommendations, will be published and made available to
school officials, administrators, and other responsible persons interested
in vocational education and guidance of Negroes. Also the
survey staff is cooperating with a subcommittee of the National Vocational
Guidance Association in the production of vocational-guidance
manuals for teachers and students, with particular reference to special
problems of Negroes.
Local school units.—During the year the Office of Education began
a study of the local school-administrative units in 10 States through
an allotment of $844,000 emergency relief funds. The purpose of
this project is to determine within each State the possibilities for
the organization of more satisfactory schools, attendance areas, and
local school-administrative units. It is a most significant research
project and is considered particularly timely since more than onehalf
of the States indicated their interest in having a study made of
their local school-administrative units. A number of State departments
of education have been carrying on similar studies on a limited
basis.
The study of the local school units is well under way in the 10
States, and when completed will reveal existing educational conditions
in the present school-district organizations and significant
findings, with consequent recommendations pointing to more desirable
organizations.
The following States are participating in the project: Arizona,
Arkansas, California, Illinois, Kentucky, North Carolina, Ohio,
Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. In each of these States
there is a State project director who is a member of the staff of the
State department of education and who works in close cooperation
with the chief State school officer and with the project staff of the
Office of Education. The staff project director, with the assistance
of a central staff, directs the activities of workers selected from relief
rolls and assigned to the collection and tabulation of the required
data and to the preparation of maps and charts needed in the study.
The administrative and supervisory personnel of the 10 States
on June 25, 1936, consisted of 10 directors (serving without compensation),
9 associate directors, and 58 assistant directors; and the
relief personnel consisted of 1,443 clerical-stenographic workers and
draftsmen.
250 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
3. STIMULATION AND COORDINATION OF RESEARCH
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, THESES COLLECTION, ETC.
Twelve reference bibliographies were compiled during the year.
The file of masters’ and doctors’ theses in education has grown
steadily during the year, on June 30, 1936, numbering 2,203 volumes.
About 500 of these were sent out on interlibrary loan during the year.
A selected and annotated bibliography has been prepared on
problems of education in the Appalachian Highlands. Other bibliographies
in progress deal with' supervised correspondence study;
status and improvement of the county superintendency; improved
practices in rural teaching; education of Negroes; etc.
AID TO STUDENTS OF FOREIGN SCHOOL SYSTEMS
The Comparative Education Division helped in 162 studies, which,
classified according to purpose, were:
Professional use_________________________________________________ 26
Doctoral dissertations------------------------------------------------------------------ 6
Master’s theses_________________________________________________ 10
Theses, grade not given__________________________________________ 9
Reports of term papers----------------------------------------------------------------- 30
Study groups----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
Purpose not given; plainly from college students_______________________ 31
Purpose not given; probably from college students-------------------------------- 39
For high-school students_________________ _________________________ 9
Total_____________________________________________________162
In the classification “Professional use” are included requests from
members of college and university staffs, State boards of education,
local school boards, and secondary- and elementary-school personnel.
Education in some one country was the subject of most of the
theses, term papers, and reports. Requests of this nature related to
26 countries and totaled 96 requests.
Letters of introduction.—With the betterment in economic conditions,
larger numbers of educators in the United States are traveling
abroad. Many of them ask for letters of introduction from the Office
of Education. Sixty-three letters of introduction were prepared for
31 persons of the United States who were traveling abroad last year
for study purposes.
Research in universities.—The purpose of this project is to conduct
cooperative research in a number of universities having organized
graduate work. The universities voluntarily provide administrative
and general supervisory services. The institutions employ persons
taken from relief rolls who have received college and university
training sufficient to enable them successfully to perform the professional
and skilled work demanded.
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 251
A total allotment of $500,000, later reduced to $411,695, was made
available to the project. Of the final allotment, $384,695 was made
available to participating institutions and $27,000 was set aside for
administrative expenses. The average estimated cost of each study
proposed by the Office of Education was $1,448.
Fifty-eight universities in 32 States, the District of Columbia, and
Hawaii have been conducting project studies. These include some of
the largest universities in the country.
The number of paid workers employed under the project increased
from 64 on April 2 to 448 on July 30. Over 90 percent of the paid
workers have been taken from relief rolls. In addition to paid
workers, several hundred university professors and other universitystaff
members have given their services free to the project.
Most of the 23 studies conducted under the project were outlined
and proposed to participating institutions by Office of Education
specialists. In addition 11 auxiliary studies, closely related to the
23 basic studies, were being conducted. A third group of studies
included 15 investigations proposed by participating institutions,
and accepted for cooperative conduct by the Office of Education.
The Office studies most popular among the universities included:
Student mortality in institutions of higher education, conducted in
33 institutions; economic status of college alumni, 28 institutions;
relation between certain factors in high-school education and success
in college, 22 institutions; and others.
4. POLICY-MAKING IN EDUCATION
RELATIONS WITH STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION
An outstanding function of the Office of Education is to cooperate
with State departments of education in the initiation and development
of progressive educational practices. Handicapped groups are
in serious need of special attention everywhere. Through funds
made available by the Federal Government for vocational rehabilitation,
physically handicapped adults are given the opportunity to
achieve economic independence. The education of handicapped children,
however, is not so well assured, its maintenance being borne
by State or local school systems, with resulting inadequacy of services
in many communities.
The Office of Education has sought continuously to establish in the
States sound policies of action with reference to these children that
will insure their inclusion in the public-school program of the State.
It has sought to clarify the relationship of the education of handicapped
children to the vocational rehabilitation of handicapped
adults, on the one hand, and to the social-welfare services of the
252 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
State, on the other hand. In this connection it has emphasized the
following principles : (1) That the program for handicapped children
in elementary and junior high schools should be administered and
supervised by those who have had training and experience in general
educational methods of the elementary school as well as in special
techniques demanded for handicapped groups; (2) that the vocational
rehabilitation of handicapped adults should be administered by
persons specially prepared in vocational education and guidance;
(3) that these two functions should be distinct but coordinated activities
of the State department of education; and (4) that they should
both be administered as distinct from any social-welfare functions of
the State. In accordance with these principles, the Office has actively
advocated the appointment of one or more qualified persons in each
State department of education who will have as a sole responsibility
the development of a program on a State-wide basis for the education
of handicapped or exceptional children.
MEMBERSHIP ON COMMITTEES ON POLICIES AND STANDARDS
Staff members of the Office of Education have served on the following
committees having to do with educational policies and standards:
Joint Committee on the Emergency in Education; Committee
on Special Group Problems of the National Vocational Guidance
Association; advisory committee, division of cooperation in education
and race relations, State department of education, Raleigh,
N. C.; committee to consider special problems of Negroes for American
Youth Commission; special committee of the National Education
Association to study the economic status of rural teachers; committee
of the National Conference of Supervised Correspondence
Study; committee to select books for C. C. C. camps; interdepartmental
committee to study relationship among health, education, and
welfare services of the Government; National Advisory Committee
on Education of Negroes; Technical Advisory Committee of the
National Survey of Vocational Education and Guidance of Negroes;
American Council on Education’s Committee on Standards; National
Education Association Committee on Social-Economic Goals
of America. Assistance has been given the committee on the improvement
of teaching in engineering schools of the Society for the
Promotion of Engineering Education, and to innumerable other
groups.
CONFERENCES
The Second Conference on Comparative Education and the meeting
of the National Committee on Inter-American Intellectual Cooperation
were policy-making efforts in the special fields under
consideration.
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 253
Advisory committee on the reporting of local and State school
statistics.—In accordance with a resolution of the National Council
of State Superintendents and Commissioners of Education in December
1935, requesting that the Office of Education center its efforts
on assisting the States in developing more nearly uniform personnel
and financial accounting procedures, the Commissioner continued
this committee and authorized regional conferences. The committee
met in June 1936, with the senior specialist in State school
administration and the statistical division staff for the purpose of
determining particularly the items of information to be included in
the forms used by the States in reporting statistical data to the
Office of Education and in attempting to formulate definitions for
the report’s terminology.
Portland conference.—The Office of Education conducted a 1-day
conference in Portland, Oreg., preceding the meeting of the National
Education Association. This conference was held in response to
numerous requests from State superintendents and commissioners of
education of the States in the Midwest, West, and Northwest. Most
of these States are spending considerable effort in revising their
recording and reporting schemes within the State to conform to the
recommendations of the national committee.
School-building problems.—The specialist in school buildings prepared
a program for and took part in the Seventh Annual Conference
of the National Advisory Council on School Buildings held in St.
Louis in February. The members of this advisory council are appointed
by the United States Commissioner of Education and it is
made up of nine regional councils.
Three regional conferences on school-building problems were held
during the year—one at Ann Arbor, Mich., one at Portland, Oreg.,
and one at Stanford University, Calif. The purpose of these
conferences was to acquaint school superintendents, architects, engineers,
and others interested in school-building problems with the
work planned by the National Advisory Council on school building
problems, to invite discussion of the problems presented, and to
secure cooperative action in studying such problems.
Office of Education conferences.—During the past spring a series of
conferences was called by the Commissioner for the purpose of bringing
together groups of outstanding persons in specific educational
fields to consider educational services that might well be undertaken
by the Office of Education. Conferences were held in the following
fields: Adult civic education, conservation, crime prevention and
recreation, curriculum, elementary education, guidance, higher education,
industrial arts, school buildings, secondary education, and youth
problems. These conferences made valuable contributions to the
254 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Office in the way of bringing out suggestions for improved and
extended services.
Local school units.—It is known that in areas of low population
density, schools during recent years have suffered serious curtailments
in length of terms, instructional programs, supervision, etc.
In many areas their very existence has been threatened. While these
conditions have been aggravated by the depression, the fundamental
causes lie deeper. They are inherent in the prevailing system of
administering and financing schools through a multiplicity of school
districts too small in human and material resources to maintain
efficient school facilities within their borders. Results of a conference
called in June 1935, by the Commissioner of Education to consider
this problem were compiled during the year and the report was
made available for the guidance of State and other school authorities.
It sets forth the principles involved in the organization of local
school units and desirable policies to be followed.
Industrial arts.—A committee of representative persons in the field
of industrial-arts education, appointed by the Office to make a study
of the place and function of industrial arts in the public-school program,
held a 2-day meeting in Washington and submitted a preliminary
draft of its report. The final draft is now in preparation for
publication as a bulletin.
5. FIELD SERVICE
CONSULTATIVE SERVICE
At the request of the Board of Education of Danville, Va., which
was considering the need of a comprehensive survey of the schools of
that city, the Office of Education sent a representative to make a
preliminary investigation which resulted in recommendation that
the superintendent of schools and the school principals carry on a
local survey and called on consulting specialists as the needs arose.
The board of education has proceeded upon this recommendation.
A member of the staff conducted school-building surveys for a
number of the Resettlement projects and prepared reports advising
those in charge of the projects as to their school-building programs.
Considerable field work was necessary in connection with the study
of local school-administrative units to comply with the requests of
the States for guidance and assistance. This is also true of other
special projects.
In the field of health education, a representative of the Office prepared
detailed memorandum on health and physical education in the
United States for the American Consulate General of New Zealand;
advised with inspector of public schools, Department of Education of
Toronto, Canada; with State director of physical education of VirOFFICE
OF EDUCATION 255
ginia; with the State Department of Education of New York; with
School Health Service of the N. E. A.; with American Council on
Education; and with Boy Scouts of America.
Individual staff members have performed the following consultative
services: Conferred and advised with school officials in Hawaii
and in the southwestern part of the United States concerning the
education of native and minority groups; with State education officials
in three States (Iowa, Colorado, Virginia) concerning prospective
organization of a State program for the education of exceptional
children; acted as consultant for the colored State college curriculum
reorganization project, Langston, Okla.; as director of colored highschool
curriculum revision project, Oklahoma City, Okla.; as adviser
to National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools; as educational
consultant and trustee of Knoxville College; prepared outline
for Commission of Higher Education of Negroes in Maryland, meeting
with the committee and with its executive secretary; assistance
was rendered a group of school officials in organizing the New England
Industrial Arts Association. A member of the staff is included
in the personnel of both the State guidance committee and the committee
of city directors of guidance of the National Vocational Guidance
Association. In connection with credential evaluation, a representative
of the Office attended the Twenty-fourth Convention of the
American Association of Collegiate Registrars at Detroit, Mich., in
April and visited registrars and committees of admission at the universities
of Western Ontario, Michigan, Chicago, Ohio, and Northwestern
University at Evanston, Ill.
PARTICIPATION IN MEETINGS
Staff members of a division of the Office of Education which has
but four professional members reported giving addresses at 41 national,
regional, State, or local conferences, and attending 40 different
conferences of organized groups during the year. This gives an
indication of the literally hundreds of educational meetings participated
in by Office representatives. Among such meetings are those
of the American Council on Education; National Education Association;
National Congress of Parents and Teachers; American Library
Association; Progressive Education Association; National
Council of Parent Education; Child Study Association of America;
and many others.
The Office of Education was represented at the Fifth International
Conference on Public Instruction at Geneva, Switzerland; International
Conference on Health of College Students at Athens,
Greece; and at the Seventh World Conference of the New Education
Fellowship, Cheltenham, England.
98234—36------ 18
256 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
The Office of Education aided the Department of State in arranging
for official delegates to the following listed meetings abroad:
First Inter-Balkan Conference for the Protection of Children,
Athens, Greece; Seventh Pan-American Child Congress, Mexico City,
Mexico; Tercentenary Celebration of the Royal Hungarian Peter
Pazmany University, Budapest; International Congress of Music
Education, Prague, Czechoslovakia; Third International Congress
of Open Air Schools, Hannover and Bielefeld, Germany; Fifth
International Congress on Public Instruction, Geneva, Switzerland;
Twenty-eighth Esperanto World Congress, Vienna, Austria; Seventh
World Conference of the New Education Fellowship, Cheltenham,
England; International Congress of Medical Advisers for Athletics,
Berlin, Germany; Ninth International Congress of Linguists, Copenhagen;
Third World Congress for Crippled Children, Budapest,
Hungary.
COOPERATION WITH PROFESSIONAL AND PUBLIC-SERVICE
GROUPS
Cooperation was continued during the year with the National Committee
on Research in Secondary Education and with the Committee
on Cooperative Study of Secondary School Standards. A member
of the Office staff serves as secretary of these two committees.
Throughout the year the Office of Education has been consulted
and called into conference on plans for estimating the population of
cities from school census and enrollment data, and all records of this
nature have been made available to the Bureau of the Census.
Staff members have: Cooperated with Pan American Union in
connection with an educational project in Brazil; cooperated with
Division of Territories and Island Possessions in respect to (1) consideration
of a cooperative project for exchange of teachers between
Puerto Rico and continental United States; (2) reviewing manuscript—
History of Japan—at the request of the division; (3) miscellaneous
advisory and informational service; cooperated with National
Negro Student Health Assocation; assisted in the organization
of a department of guidance in the National Association of
Teachers in Colored Schools; cooperated with American Library
Association in preparing a program of instruction for Negro teacherlibrarians;
served on committees in connection with the conference of
Associated Country Women of the World, held in Washington this
year; evaluated plan for department for the handicapped instituted
at Teachers College, Columbia University.
In various capacities the Office of Education has cooperated with
a long list of other agencies, including the National Congress of
Parents and Teachers, the National League of Women Voters, AmeriOFFICE
OF EDUCATION 257
can Red Cross, Social Security Board, the Associated Country
Women of the World, National Education Association, National
Council of Parent Education, American Association of University
Women, American Council on Education, American Vocational Association,
United States Sesqui-Centennial Constitution Commission,
American Federation of Teachers, American Legion, Association for
Childhood Education, Boy Scouts of America, National Catholic
Welfare Conference, General Federation of Women's Clubs, National
Safety Council, Progressive Education Association, Young Men’s
Christian Association, universities and colleges, and other groups,
both public and private.
6. PUBLIC INFORMATION SERVICE
PUBLICATIONS AND PUBLICITY
Information on education in its various fields has been made available
through many additional avenues during the past year. Bulletins
and pamphlets presenting results of research and studies, periodicals
giving current information and factual data, news releases on educational
activities and developments, educational radio broadcasts, and
extensive graphical exhibits have made up the mass of educational
information which has gone out to the public from the United States
Office of Education.
Statistically summarizing, 46 bulletins, 6 pamphlets, 4 leaflets, 7
bibliographies, 1 reading course, and 10 issues of School Life, with 1
supplement, made up the 75 different printed publications issued by
the Office of Education during the fiscal year. A total of 57 manuscripts
containing 6,506 pages were edited and prepared for printing.
More than 300 charts, graphs, maps, and other illustrative material
were constructed.
March of Education.—A new periodical, March of Education, has
been added to the publication roll. This is a news letter over the
signature of the United States Commissioner of Education. It
circulates monthly to school executives and leaders. March of Education
high spots in brief some of the significant educational happenings
of the month. Its circulation over the first 10 months of its publication
has been 12,700 each month.
School Life.—This journal has increased in size this year, from a
24-page to a 32-page monthly publication in order to give more
adequate service as the official organ of the Office of Education. New
regular features developed during the year have included a more
extensive news department for public schools, colleges, and other
educational groups; an editorial page by the Commissioner; articles
growing out of research by the various divisions of the Office; voca258
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
tional summary for the month; report of C. C. C. educational activities
; and other features.
Cooperation with the press.—The Commissioner of Education during
the past year assigned a staff member of the editorial division to
be especially responsible for cooperation with the press, in order to
develop a wider and more effective use of educational information.
The response of the press to this service has been most encouraging
and has resulted in a very extensive use of news releases pertaining
to educational activities, in newspapers and in other publications
throughout the country.
Articles published outside the office.—The Commissioner of Education,
the assistant commissioner, and staff members, upon request of
organizations and periodicals, prepared for publication during the
year, a total of 81 articles dealing with various phases of education.
Radio project.—During the past year the chief of the editorial
division has been in charge of the Federal educational radio project
of the Office of Education. This project as previously described in
this report, has been financed through Federal relief funds and it
represents a new effort toward disseminating educational information.
There have been weekly broadcasts throughout the year of
Education-in-the-News programs and scripts for 15 other series of
programs have been developed, bringing the number of radio scripts
completed to a total of 173.
Educational exhibits.—The Office of Education sponsored more extensive
educational exhibits and publication displays at education conventions,
conferences, and meetings during the past year than it has
perhaps done in any previous year. In this respect the Office cooperated
with many major educational associations and organizations,
acquainting their members more fully with the services of the Office
of Education with other Government publications on educational matters,
etc. Through cooperation of the Government Printing Office
this year the Office displayed with its own publications, bulletins,
pamphlets, and periodicals of an educational nature available from
other Government agencies. Special exhibits and samples of publications
were displayed at the California International Exposition. A
graphical exhibit of educational development in the United States was
presented at the Texas Centennial Exposition. A special Negro
education exhibit was also sent to the centennial. Office publication
displays and exhibits appeared at conventions of the National Education
Association, World Conference for the Crippled at Budapest,
National Congress of Parents and Teachers, American Association
for Adult Education, National Catholic Educational Association,
American Library Association, and at various other gatherings of
educational groups.
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 259
A mass of correspondence.—In the Editorial Division alone 47,736
letters were received during the past year requesting the various publications,
and 338,072 printed publications of the Office of Education
were distributed through the Superintendent of Documents. This
figure does not include distribution of the periodical publications nor
of the mass of mimeographed material issued by the Office nor material
sent out directly by the Office.
Mailing lists.—The Editorial Division maintains 259 mailing lists.
During the year there were 59 new lists set up and 5 discontinued.
The total count of these mailing lists is now 143,227, exclusive of
those maintained by the Vocational Education Division.
PUBLICATIONS ISSUED OR PREPARED FOR PRINTING DURING
THE YEAR
BULLETINS, 1935
No. 2. Biennial Survey of Education, 1932-34.
Chapters
II. Statistics of State school systems.
III. Statistics of city school systems.
IV. Statistics of higher education.
VI.1 Statistics of private elementary and secondary schools.
VIII.1 Review of educational legislation.
No. 9.1 Public education in the Philippine Islands.
No. 10.1 Public education in Hawaii.
No. 11.1 Education in Czechoslovakia.
No. 12.1 Availability of education to Negroes in rural communities.
No. 13.1 Statistics of the education of Negroes.
No. 14.1 Federal student-aid program.
No. 15. Reorganization of school units.
No. 16. Elementary-school graduating examinations.
No. 17. Education for democracy—Public affairs forums.
BULLETINS, 1936
No. 1. Educational directory, 1936.
Parts
I. Principal State and county school officers.
II .1 City school officers.
III . Colleges and universities, including all institutions of higher education.
1
IV .1 Educational associations and directories.
No. 2. Young children in European countries.
No. 3. Junior colleges.
No. 4. State provisions for equalizing the cost of public education.
No. 5. Bibliography of research studies in education, 1934—35.
No. 6. Safeguarding democracy through adult civic education.
No. 7. Instruction in hygiene in institutions of higher education.
No. 8. Graduate work in engineering in universities and colleges in the United
States.
1 Prepared for the printer before July 1, 1935, but delivered by the Government Printing
Office during the fiscal year July 1, 1935-June 30, 1936.
260 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
No. 9. Testing practices of high-school teachers.
No. 10. Scholarships and fellowships.
No. 11. A guide to curriculum adjustment for mentally retarded children.
No. 18. Youth:
1. How communities can help.
2. Leisure for living.
3. Education for those out of school.
4. Vocational guidance for those out of school.
5. Finding jobs.
6. Community surveys.
PAMPHLETS
No. 64. Significant programs of high-school parent-teacher associations.1
No. 65. Aids in book selection for elementary school libraries.
No. 66. Education of teachers: Selected bibliography, June 1, 1932, to October
1. 1935.
No. 67. Training of elementary teachers for school health work.
No. 68. What every teacher should know about the physical condition of her
pupils (revised).
No. 69. Per capita costs in city schools, 1934-35.
LEAFLETS
No. 23. Osteopathy.
No. 36. Good references on educational legislation.
No. 37. Physique of school children.
No. 46. Educational facilities for children on Federal Government reservations,
1934-35.
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
No. 33. Visual aids in education: Lantern slides, film strips, stereographs, etc.
No. 34. Pictures, maps, charts, etc., as classroom aids.
No. 39. Elementary education: Classification, grading, promotion.
No. 42. Elementary education: Extracurricular activities.
No. 44. Parent education: History, objectives, methods, and programs.
No. 45. Child development: Infancy through adolescence.
No. 48. The activity program.
MISCELLANEOUS
School Life, 10 issues and index.
The whole child. Reading Course No. 32 (revised).
(See Vocational Education Division Report for vocational publications.)
Biennial Survey of Education.—Three of the eight chapters comprising
the Biennial Survey of Education, 1932-34, have been completed.
Three others—Statistics of State school systems, of city
school systems, and of higher education—are at the Government
Printing Office.
EVALUATION OF FOREIGN CREDENTIALS AND TRANSLATIONS
Credential evaluations by the Office of Education for the year
totaled 585 distributed over 64 different countries; and in addition
1 Prepared for the printer before July 1, 1935, but delivered by the Government Printing
Office during the fiscal year July 1, 1935-June 30, 1936.
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 261
reviews were made of 122 cases that were returned for further consideration.
These evaluations are made by the Office at the request
of colleges and universities in connection with their admissions.
Translations from 27 languages were made, totaling 174,610 words
for the year, for the Office of Education alone and 6,495 words for
eight other Government agencies.
LIBRARY SERVICE
More than 5,800 people visited the reading room of the Office of
Education library and used 11,419 volumes which were brought
from the stacks upon request, besides educational magazines and
reference books in the reading room, of which no account was kept.
A special effort has been made to get the collection into shape to
move into the new building, by eliminating duplicates among the
unbound material, and completing and binding many files that had
been accumulating as “incompletes” for a number of years. Much of
this work has been done in the section of foreign education. The
foreign ministries of education have been generous and helpful, and
the library is grateful.
A bird’s-eye view of the library’s activities is shown in the following
data: Books charged, 3,773; books brought to reading room,
11,419; theses loaned, 541; volumes sent to bindery, 752; telephone
calls, 2,923; volumes cataloged and classified, 3,000; cards filed in
catalog, 22,300.
7. ADMINISTRATION OF THE OFFICE
APPROPRIATIONS
For the fiscal year 1936 Congress appropriated for salaries in the
Office of Education, exclusive of those for vocational education and
rehabilitation, the sum of $251,720, an increase of $20,698 for that
item for the fiscal year 1935. This increase provided for the restoration
of salary reductions, an increase in the salary of the Commissioner,
and for two additional positions—a specialist in State school
administration and a stenographer. For the fiscal year 1937 the
amount has been increased to $262,980 and provides for the addition
of a specialist in elementary education, a stenographer, two statistical
clerks, and an amount of $1,800 for the office of the Commissioner.
An amount of $25,000 is appropriated for 1937 for a division of
library service, which provides for the following additions to the
staff: A chief of the division, two senior specialists, and four
stenographers.
For general expenses an amount of $15,000 was appropriated, and
$46,500 for printing and binding. For 1937 the appropriation for
262 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
general expenses was increased to $20,000 to provide travel expenses
for the collection of biennial statistics. The appropriation for printing
and binding is in the same amount as for 1936.
HOWARD UNIVERSITY REPORT
Howard University was inspected during the year by the Office
of Education, as required by law. The annual report was compiled
for presentation to Congress. For this annual report the president
of the university assembled data according to a plan approved by
the Office. These data constitute both the report to the Secretary
of the Interior by the president of the university and the report to
the Congress by the Office of Education.
Inasmuch as the annual report of the president of the university
to the Secretary of the Interior is included in the Annual Report
of the Secretary, no details concerning the university are given here.
THE LAND-GRANT COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
The 69 land-grant colleges and universities are located in every
State of the Union and Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico; there
are two in Massachusetts and in each of the 17 Southern States, one
for white students and one for Negroes. The Federal endowment
raised from the sale of land and land-scrip amounts to $23,338,351
not including the value of 630,381 acres of unsold land estimated at
$5,124,046. These resources produced a revenue of $1,315,430 for
salaries of faculty members and facilities for instruction, for the
year.
In addition to this endowment, annual appropriations (Morrill-
Nelson funds) for the same year amounted to $2,550,000 or $50,000
to each State and the three Territories mentioned above. For the
fiscal year 1935-36 this amount was increased by the passing of the
Bankhead-Jones Act (June 29, 1935); section 22 of this act authorizes
to be appropriated $20,000 additional to each State and
Hawaii, making a total of $980,000 for 1935-36, and the sums will
be increased by one-half a million dollars annually until 1938-39
when the appropriation will be $2,480,000 annually, in addition to
the Morrill-Nelson appropriations of $2,550,000.
The Secretary of the Interior is charged with the certification
and supervision of these funds, and the duty has been assigned to the
Office of Education.
The land-grant institutions enroll 120,761 men and 54,056 women
in residence instruction. Increased enrollments in agriculture were
marked for the year being the largest in several years. More students
than ever before were enrolled in veterinary medicine (1,459).
Nearly twice as many students (2,455) were enrolled in forestry as
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 263
in the previous year. In home economics the number of girls enrolled
has fallen off greatly since the depression, but improvements
are being noted. In engineering, 28,755 students were registered,
representing an increase of 2,667 over the previous year. The depressions
has not affected the number of degrees granted to any
considerable extent.
The total receipts for the year, from all sources reported by the
69 institutions amounted to $139,946,185; these moneys were derived
from student fees ($19,036,769), endowment income ($5,990,-
120), appropriations from Federal Government ($22,325,384), State
governments ($57,225,632), district governments ($1,942,433), private
gifts ($3,212,952), sales and services ($7,826,629), auxiliary
enterprises ($17,686,305), and miscellaneous sources ($4,699,961).
Expenditures for educational and general purposes amounted to
$105,808,525; for noneclucational expense, $4,305,750; for auxiliary
enterprises, $16,786,148; and for capital outlays, $8,244,990. Staff
salaries totaled $42,342,855 and all other wages $27,689,608.
About $424,000,000 represents the money invested in the landgrant
institutions, including $123,000,000 in endowment funds.
$275,000,000 in buildings, $59,000,000 in grounds and $100,805,000 in
equipment.
III. VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
One of the major responsibilities of the United States Office of
Education is administration of the Vocational Education Act of
1917 and the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1920. The former
act provides for Federal-State cooperation in a program of vocational
education in agriculture, trades and industries, and home
economics; the latter, for similar cooperation in a program of vocational
rehabilitation of persons disabled in industry or otherwise
and their placement in wage-earning employment. The responsibility
for administration of these acts was formerly vested in the Federal
Board for Vocational Education, the functions and personnel of
which were transferred to the Office of Education by Executive
order in 1933.
This report covers the nineteenth year of Federal-State cooperation
in vocational education and the sixteenth year of such cooperation
in vocational rehabilitation, and the third year of the administration
of these programs through the Office of Education.
In addition to these basic acts a number of supplementary acts
have been passed from time to time authorizing appropriations of
additional Federal moneys for vocational education and vocational
rehabilitation programs. The vocational acts administered by the
Office of Education at the present time, therefore, are as follows:
264 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
The Vocational Education Act (Smith-Hughes), to provide for cooperation
with the States in the promotion of vocational education. (Approved Feb. 23,
1917.)
The Vocational Rehabilitation Act, to provide for the promotion of vocational
rehabilitation of persons disabled in industry or otherwise and their
return to employment. (Approved June 2, 1920, as amended June 5, 1924,
June 9, 1930, and June 30, 1932.)
An act extending the benefits of the vocational education and vocational
rehabilitation acts to the Territory of Hawaii. (Approved Mar. 10, 1924.)
An act to provide for vocational rehabilitation of disabled residents of the
District of Columbia. (Approved Feb. 23, 1929.)
An act extending the benefits of the vocational education and vocational
rehabilitation acts to the island of Puerto Rico. (Approved Mar. 3, 1931.)
An act (George-Ellzey) to provide for the further development of vocational
education in the several States and Territories, authorizing for the years
1935-37 additional appropriations for vocational education. (Approved May
21, 1934.) This act continued authorizations of additional appropriations upon
expiration of the George-Reed Act of February 5, 1929, which had authorized
additional appropriations for the years 1930-34.
An act (Social Security Act) authorizing additional appropriations for 1936
and annually thereafter for cooperation with the States and Hawaii in extending
and strengthening their programs of vocational rehabilitation of the
physically disabled. (Approved Aug. 14, 1935.)
An act (George-Deen) to provide for the further development of vocational
education in the several States and Territories, authorizing for the year
1937-38 and annually thereafter additional appropriations for vocational education.
(Approved June 8, 1936.) This act continued authorizations of additional
appropriations upon expiration of the George-Ellzey Act of May 21, 1934,
which authorized additional appropriations for the years 1935-37, and authorizes
appropriations for vocational education in the three fields vocational
agriculture, trades and industries, and home economics—and also in the distributive
occupations, and for teacher training in each of these fields.
An act (Randolph-Sheppard) authorizing the operation of stands in Federal
buildings by blind persons. (Approved June 30, 1936.)
COMPOSITION OF THE FEDERAL BOARD FOR VOCATIONAL
EDUCATION
The National Vocational Education Act of 1917 provided for the
creation of a Federal agency to be known as the Federal Board for
Vocational Education, to cooperate with State boards in the promotion
of public programs of vocational education of less than college
grade, to be carried on in publicly supported and controlled educational
systems. This board consists of four members ex officio: the
Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary
of Labor, and the United States Commissioner of Education; and
three persons appointed by the President—one to represent agriculture,
one to represent manufacturing and commerce, and one to
represent labor.
When the functions of the Board were transferred to the Office
of Education in 1933 the Board was made an advisory body, its
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 265
members serving without compensation. As at present constituted,
the Board is made up of the following members:
Clarence Poe, of North Carolina, for the unexpired term of 3 years from
July 17, 19'34, succeeding W. Harry King, term expired (representing agricultural
interests).
Paul H. Nystrom, of New York, succeeding Lincoln Filene, term expired
for a term of 3 years from July 17, 1936 (representing commerce and manufacturing)
Henry Ohl, of Wisconsin, for the unexpired term of 3 years from July 17,
1935, succeeding Perry W. Reeves, term expired (representing labor).
DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL POLICY
Mention was made in the last annual report of the fact that Congress
was giving consideration to legislation which would provide for a
further increase in the Federal grants for vocational education. Such
legislation was passed by the Seventy-fourth Congress in May 1936,
and approved by the President June 8, 1936. This legislation—the
George-Deen Act—provides for the further development of vocational
education in the several States and Territories. It authorizes
additional appropriations for the year 1937-38 and annually thereafter
for vocational education in the fields of agriculture, trades and
industries, and home economics, and for teacher training in these
three fields. In addition it authorizes for the first time appropriations
for vocational training in the distributive occupations as well
as appropriations for training teachers in the distributive field; and
extends Federal grants for vocational education to the District of
Columbia. This act, which becomes operative July 1, 1937, supersedes
the George-Ellzey Act, which expires June 30, 1937.
The passage of the George-Deen Act forecasts a new era of development
in the field of vocational education. Taking cognizance of the
difficulty experienced by many States in maintaining a budget sufficient
to insure the uniform development and expansion of their
vocational education programs, the act requires the States and Territories
to match only 50 percent of the grants provided therein for
the 5-year period ending June 30, 1942, this percentage being increased
by 10 percent annually thereafter until it reaches 100 percent
in the fiscal year 1947.
COOPERATIVE SERVICES TO THE STATES
Attention has already been directed to the fact that the programs
of vocational education and vocational rehabilitation carried on
under public control and supervision and reimbursed from Federal
funds are operated under a Federal-State program of cooperation.
Evidence of the effectiveness of these programs is to be found in their
growth and development over a period of 19 years, in the case of
266 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
vocational education, and over a period of 16 years in the case of
vocational rehabilitation.
Enrollment in vocational schools operated under State plans in
agriculture, trade and industry, and home economics has increased
from 164,123 in 1918 to 1,247,523 in 1935. Similar growth has taken
place in the program of vocational rehabilitation. At the end of the
first year of this program, June 30, 1921, the number of disabled
persons rehabilitated and placed in self-supporting employment
totaled 523, and the number on the rolls of the State in process of
rehabilitation, 4,792. The number rehabilitated during the year
ended June 30, 1935, totaled 9,422, and the number on the rolls in
process of rehabilitation, 40,941. In all, 77,261 physically handicapped
persons have been rehabilitated and placed in employment
during the period, 1921 to 1935. These figures are the more significant
when it is understood that rehabilitation must be done on a case
and not on a mass basis, and that it takes from 1 to 4 years completely
to rehabilitate a disabled man or woman.
Perhaps the most important function exercised by the Office of
Education in the field of vocational education and vocational rehabilitation
is its cooperative service to the States. In the Held of vocational
education this service consists of individual and group conferences
with State and local administrative staffs; assisting in the
development of State and local programs; organizing and conducting
annual conferences of State administrators, supervisors, and
teacher-training staffs in regional problems in the field of vocational
education; assisting in research activities or surveys carried on by
individual States in an effort to secure information or data which
will aid them in planning, setting up, and operating an effective program
of vocational education; teaching services in summer sessions
for teacher trainers; and other special and miscellaneous services.
Services of a similar nature are rendered also in the field of vocational
rehabilitation.
Cooperative services to the States have covered the several fields
of vocational education—agricultural, trade, and industry, home
economics, and commercial education—and the field of vocational
rehabilitation. A brief statement of some of the representative
services rendered by members of the staff of the Office of Education
in these fields follows:
In the -field of vocational agriculture.—Special emphasis has been
placed by the members of the Agricultural Education Service of the
Office upon the setting up of part-time classes for out-of-school farm
youth. To this end conferences have been held in most of the States
with teachers and supervisors. As a result, more part-time classes
were conducted during the year than ever before.
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 267
Particular attention has been directed, also, to the technical curricula
in the several teacher-training institutions in agriculture, with
the result that some of these institutions are now revising their programs
with a view to making the curriculum less specialized and
more nearly in line with the need of teachers for broad training in
technical agriculture.
Three other services should be mentioned. These are: Assistance
to State supervisors of vocational agriculture in developing evening
classes for adult farmers in agricultural conservation, assistance
to the States in so organizing their vocational-agriculture programs
that some of the time of special workers may be allocated to the
preparation of subject-matter materials for the use of teachers, and
work with State officials in revising State record and report forms.
Cooperative service to the States in the field of vocational agriculture
received new impetus during the year by a cooperative arrangement
worked out between the Office of Education and the committee
on policy and program appointed by the vice president of the American
Vocational Association, representing agricultural education. At
the invitation of the Commissioner of Education this committee
met with staff members of the Agricultural Education Service of the
Office in May 1936 for the purpose of formulating and interpreting
policies to be used as a guide in building up a more complete and
better coordinated program of vocational education in agriculture
throughout the United States.
The report of this committee, which will form the basis for further
discussion at the next meeting of the American Vocational Association,
will be further revised and refined before it is published. It
deals with the following problems:
1. Continuing education of teachers in service.
2. Maintaining sound relationships in administration.
3. Maintaining desirable working relationships with adult farm and related
organizations.
4. Providing guidance and leadership for National, State, and local units
of the Future Farmers of America organization, and for any other similar
organizations of young farmers.
5. Increasing the services of the departments of vocational agriculture in
the public schools by extending the program of adult education in vocational
agriculture (evening school instruction).
6. Making systematic studies of problems in vocational agriculture.
7. Increasing the services of the public school to out-of-school farm youth.
8. Teaching present and prospective farmers techniques, and developing
wholesome attitudes toward cooperation.
In the -field of trade and industrial education.—Demands for help
from the Office of Education in training programs for workers and
prospective workers in trade and industry have increased materially
268 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
during the year. This has been due, in part at least, to a realization
on the part of industrialists, brought about by conditions incident
to the economic depression, of the need for trained supervisory and
skilled personnel. The Trade and Industrial Education Service of
the office has been called upon repeatedly for assistance in surveying
and evaluating present programs of vocational education, to determine
how well present needs are being met, and what adjustments
should be made to improve these programs; and for help in training
teachers, leaders, and coordinators in meeting specific problems confronting
them in local situations.
Office of Education staff members have rendered considerable assistance
to the States during the year in setting up programs of coordination
of trade and industrial training under which adult workers
are given adjustment training, and young workers are trained for
placement in specific jobs. These coordination programs have resulted
in a better understanding on the part of employers of the
problems involved in training worker personnel and of the help they
may receive in solving these problems through the vocational education
program.
Local surveys covering the need of trade and industrial training
were conducted in Charleston and Huntington, W. Va., in Chattanooga,
Tenn., and in a number of other cities and localities. Special
assistance in teacher-training activities was rendered by regional
agents of the Office in a large number of teacher-training institutions.
Successful diversified occupation training programs, under which
youth are given part-time school instruction and practical experience
through part-time employment in any one of a variety of occupations,
were set up with the help of members of the Office of Education staff
in several Southern States and elsewhere. A special conference of
coordinators for such programs in Mississippi, South Carolina, Florida,
and Arkansas was conducted by one staff member. Other activities
to which special attention was directed by Office staff members
include: Training programs in the field of arts and crafts; trainingcourses
for prospective and employed household workers; programs
of itinerant instruction for small communities; foreman training
conferences; analyses of the trade content of occupations in particular
localities, to be used as a guide in setting up courses of study
on these occupations; and apprentice training programs.
In the -field of home economics education.—Among the services
rendered by the Home Economics Education Service of the Office
of Education, in addition to its regular advisory and consultative
work, are the following: (1) Assisting 9 States in revising or readjusting
curriculum programs in home economics; (2) making
surveys of 8 teacher-training programs as a basis for improving the
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 269
preparation of teachers; (3) directing revisions in home economics
curricula in 3 colleges; (4) planning and conducting a series of 3
district conferences of supervisors of home economics and representatives
of teacher-training institutions for Negroes from 17 States
at which the problems involved in the training of home economics
teachers for colored schools were considered; (5) assisting with
conferences for teachers of special groups, such as the children of
foreign-born parents, called for the purpose of planning courses in
home economics adapted to the home practices and circumstances of
these groups; (6) conducting a conference of leaders in the field of
home economics from all over the United States, called for the purpose
of determining ways in which the Home Economics Education
Service of the Office of Education can render service to general as
well as vocational home economics.
In the field of commercial education.—Up to the present time no
Federal grants have been available to the States for the reimbursement
of vocational classes in any branch of commercial education as
such. Under the Smith-Hughes Act, the Federal Board for Vocational
Education, now the Vocational Education Division of the Office
of Education, was authorized to make studies, investigations, and
reports which would be of help to the States in the establishment of
vocational schools and classes, and in giving instruction in commerce
and commercial pursuits; and to cooperate with the States in the promotion
of vocational commercial education classes established in general
continuation schools, and in teacher-training classes established
for the express purpose of training teachers of retail selling in such
continuation schools. The George-Deen Act, which becomes operative
July 1, 1937, authorizes Federal appropriations for vocational training
in that branch of the commercial field known as the distributive
occupations—occupations followed by those engaged in distributing
goods produced on farms and in factories.
During the past year the services to the States of the Commercial
Education Service of the Office have been confined to such activities
as were consigned to it under the terms of the Smith-Hughes Act.
More time has been devoted to aiding the States in the establishment
of schools and classes for workers in distributive occupations, requests
for which were received from State directors of vocational education,
than to any other kind of special service. Most of these schools are
supported by local taxes. In many instances it has been necessary, in
getting these schools started, to enlist the cooperation of local trade
associations with school authorities. For example, when it was
decided to establish a class for retail meat shop apprentices in the
Washburn School, Chicago, the combined support of the local meat
cutters’ union and local retail meat dealers’ associations was enlisted
270 REPORT OE THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
in the project, with excellent results. Similarly the support of organizations
interested in food retailing in Philadelphia has been secured
for contemplated classes for workers in food retailing establishments.
Considerable time was given also to assisting secondary schools
in adjusting commercial courses and curriculums to conform to
present-day conditions and requirements which face those who enter
office employment as graduates of such courses. Many high schools
have become keenly aware of the fact that comparatively few of
their commercial graduates find employment in the kinds of office
work for which the commercial courses are supposed to train them.
Assistance was given the State of Maryland in an extensive revision
of its curriculum for commercial courses in rural secondary schools.
The Office also assisted curriculum revision committees in North
Carolina in preparing a course of study in commercial subjects. In
New Orleans a special commercial school for high-school graduates
opened during the year, and is using a curriculum outlined in part
by the Office of Education. In addition the Office recommended
changes in the commercial courses in New Orleans high schools in
general, designed to integrate the courses in these schools and the
special commercial school. A former continuation school in Salem,
Mass., which was during the year changed into a vocational high
school for youth of high-school age, contains a commercial department
organized as a vocational commercial preparatory school, conforming
to recommendations set up by the Office of Education.
In the 'field of vocational rehabilitation.—Among the services which
are rendered to the States by the Vocational Rehabilitation Service
of the Office of Education from year to year are assistance in the
following activities:
1. Training new personnel.
2. Organizing the keeping of case records.
3. Expansion of State services.
4. Organization and conduct of studies of special phases of rehabilitation
service.
5. Development of cooperative relations with welfare and similar organizations.
6. General promotion of State programs of rehabilitation.
7. Expansion of cooperation by employees of State services.
S. Conduct of State staff conferences.
In addition to these services which were conducted during the
year, the Rehabilitation Service of the Office has assisted in surveys
of the rehabilitation programs in the States of Maryland, Oklahoma,
Ohio, Indiana, Nebraska, and Colorado. These surveys cover such
items as basic conditions affecting the program, plan of administration,
and case service. Comprehensive reports of the findings from
these surveys were prepared and submitted to the rehabilitation offiOFFICE
OF EDUCATION 271
cials in each State covered. These reports were later discussed with
the members of the State rehabilitation staffs, recommendations for
the improvement of the services suggested by the surveys were discussed,
and assistance was given in setting up plans whereby this
improvement could be put into effect.
CONTRIBUTION TO RELIEF OF UNEMPLOYMENT
One of the primary purposes of vocational education, particularly
during a period of depression, may be said to be the relief of unemployment.
This objective is accomplished through the training of
youth and adults to an employable status; through adjustment training
for new occupations for workers whose occupations have been
taken from them through technological changes and in other ways;
and by improving the occupational efficiency of workers already
employed, in order to enable them to hold their jobs.
A study of the young people who apply for jobs through the
public employment agencies in various States shows that very few
have ever received training for any kind of work. Not only are they
unemployed but in many instances they are temporarily unemployable
because they are totally untrained to do any of the jobs for
which others are willing to pay. It is especially difficult in times
of a surplus of workers for young persons to secure training on the
job. Under such conditions the vocational school is the only source
of such help for the untrained. Recognizing their special responsibility
in this matter, therefore, vocational trade and industrial schools
have, during the past several years, gathered in these untrained persons
in all-day, part-time, and apprenticeship classes and have trained
thousands of them for work. At the same time these schools have,
through part time and evening schools, provided training for those
already employed to enable them to keep abreast of new developments
in their occupations and thus to retain their jobs.
Numerous examples might be cited to show the type of activities
that have been carried on in the States in an effort to relieve unemployment
through the medium of vocational-training programs.
Alabama reported in 1935 that 34,500 unemployed or otherwise
distressed adults would likely be served through instruction programs
carried on in cooperation with the State relief administration.
An emergency program for homemakers carried on in 400
centers enrolled 8,900 individuals in 639 classes. In Birmingham
evening and all-day schools were opened for any who could profit by
the work. The schools there worked in close harmony with the local
transient bureau and also with representatives of both employers
and workers in this program. “All of this work in Birmingham”,
the report from that State reads, “has been done by vocational
98234—36-------19
272 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
classes subsidized by State and Federal funds allotted under the
Smith-Hughes and George-Ellzey Acts.”
Arizona reported that approximately 1,500 unemployed persons
would be reached through itinerant classes in placer mining; that
vocational agriculture officials there have cooperated with Federal
transient camps in sponsoring garden and similar projects; and that
the State supervisor of home economics has cooperated in organizing
and carrying out emergency programs in homemaking and for
nursery schools and in working out menus, recipes, and restricted
diets for those on relief, using foods provided by relief agencies.
In Arkansas 112 classes, reimbursed from George-Ellzey funds,
with an enrollment of 2,620, were organized, and 13 classes especially
for unemployed women.
From Georgia came the report that “between 5,000 and 10,000
unemployed persons will likely be served by the program of vocational
agriculture”; that “1,000 otherwise unemployed people have
been trained for and placed in wage-earning jobs”; that “3,000 additional
persons will be similarly cared for before the end of the
year”; that “1,597 persons were given instruction in canning, 93,866
quarts of fruits and vegetables, 52,237 cans of meat, 168,318 pounds
of pork having been thus preserved”; that “3,362 persons were given
instruction in making 565 year-round gardens, with a total acreage
of 672 acres”; that “1,389 persons were instructed in harvesting and
storing farm food for the family and livestock”; and that “2,438
tons of food were harvested and stored.”
In Florida “2,500 people will be definitely prepared for and assisted
into employment through the division of trade and industrial
education.” Miami reports a hotel-training school for training
“local citizens who would otherwise be unemployed and without
means of support.” Over 800 persons were thus trained and practically
all of them were placed.
The record of these few States, selected at random, speaks for
itself.
One of the chief causes of unemployment is technological change
in processes and equipment, which frequently eliminates individual
jobs or even entire trades. To retrain workers thrown out of employment
as a result of such changes, is one of the specific purposes of
vocational education. Such retraining may sometimes be accomplished
by groups. More frequently, however, it must be accomplished
on an individual basis. During the past 5 years a great many
of the vocational schools of the country have been thrown open to
unemployed adults where necessary training has been provided on
an opportunity basis so that individuals might come at any time and
receive training designed to help them secure and hold a job. During
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 273
the past year, indeed during the period of the depression, the Office
of Education staff has cooperated with State supervisors and school
administrators, relief agencies, the United States Employment Service,
and other organizations in setting up training programs for
youth and adults, and in finding placement where possible for those
completing these courses.
The problem of unemployment as it applies to training in the field
of home economics is a particularly difficult one. Those responsible
for the vocational homemaking program have, however, done much
to alleviate trying conditions brought about by reduced home incomes,
and by other conditions incident to the depression. The homemaker
has been taught how to use the money available for family
expenses to better advantage in the purchase, preparation, and preservation
of food; how to purchase, make use of, and remodel clothing;
and how to safeguard family health. Members of the Office of Education
staff have helped supervisors and teachers in setting up and
operating programs of instruction designed to meet the needs of both
those on low incomes and those on relief. Instruction to meet the
needs, also, of wage-earning girls and women employed in household
service who have been out of employment or employed for only
part time, has been provided. Special classes in sewing have been set
up in a number of centers for women employed in sewing work by
the Works Progress Administration. Home economics teachers in
rural communities have cooperated with teachers of vocational agriculture
in an effort to broaden the scope of live-at-home programs,
under which those in small towns or on farms are encouraged to
raise and preserve as large a quantity as possible of the farm products,
such as fruits, vegetables, and meats necessary to meet the food
requirements of the family.
One of the principal objectives of the vocational agriculture program
during the past 4 or 5 years has been the development of instruction
designed to promote the agricultural adjustment of farmers
and farm youth to conditions growing out of the depression, and
to aid in rural rehabilitation and resettlement activities.
By reason of its primary objective—the physical restoration of
disabled persons and their placement in remunerative employment—
the vocational rehabilitation program administered by the Office of
Education makes a distinct contribution to the relief of unemployment.
Up to February 1, 1936, practically all the States received
special grants from the Federal Emergency Relief Administration
for the purpose of supplementing their regular programs. Through
these grants the States were enabled to render special services to the
disabled, which could not be rendered under the provisions of the
Federal Rehabilitation Act. For example, these special funds were
274 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
used to provide artificial appliances for persons who could not continue
in or be reestablished in employment without such appliances.
Persons thus fitted for employment were kept off the relief rolls.
NEW PROBLEMS OF THE ALL-DAY AND PART-TIME VOCATIONAL
SCHOOL PROGRAM
The later entrance of youth into industrial occupations in the past
dew years, brought about by legislation or changes in social or industrial
conditions, has made it necessary to modify either the period of
instruction in trade and industrial classes or the age of entrance into
these classes. To this end it has been necessary either to lengthen
the period of instruction by 1 year or more, or to raise the minimum
;age of entrance into vocational trade and industrial classes from 14
years to 15 or even 16 years. This is one of the problems which
those responsible for trade and industrial education have had to meet
during the year.
There is the other problem in the trade and industrial field, also—
that of providing training for older youth, those from 18-25 years
of age—and for adults, who while they were at work in a definite occupation
were enroleld in part-time and evening classes, but who as
unemployed persons may take advantage of day-school classes for
training which will keep them abreast of new developments in their
former occupations. These older youth and adults would not be
interested in attending classes organized to give elementary training
to young persons who are still in full-time school. All-day vocational
schools have therefore been modifying and developing their
programs not only to meet the needs of youth needing preparatory
training for work, but to provide special part-time instruction to
meet the needs of older youth and adults, already employed or previously
employed.
A problem to which vocational agriculture schools have had to
give attention is that of training for out-of-school youth, who thrown
out of employment in the cities have returned to the farm. These
youth are usually not interested in all-day classes, but rather in short
intensive courses in specific phases of training which must be given
in part-time classes.
Still another group—city youth and adults who having lost their
regular jobs have come to the country for the first time to try to make
a living in farming—needs instruction in farming. For this group
part-time and evening instruction in special branches of agriculture
has been made available in localities in which vocational agriculture
schools are located.
In setting up classes for the out-of-school youth who are working
on home farms or other farms, attention is given to instruction which
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 275
will further prepare them for successful farming. In some instances
these youth have accumulated a little money in connection with supervised
farm-practice projects while attending day-school classes in
vocational agriculture and are looking forward to entering farming
“on their own.” What they need and desire, therefore, is continued
training which will enable them to improve their farm management
and to advance toward the goal of farm ownership. In addition to
setting up training units for these youth those responsible for the
program of vocational agriculture have made a definite effort to see
that they are placed on farms. To this end they have sought the
cooperation of land banks and other financial institutions and farm
owners in working out a plan whereby these boys may purchase farms
suitable for the agricultural enterprises in which they desire to engage.
Such youth are encouraged, after they are settled on farms, to
continue their training in evening classes in vocational agriculture
in order that they may advance as rapidly as possible in their chosen
field. Many of these youth, also, are earning additional money
through the supervised farm practices required of them in connection
with their vocational agriculture courses.
The principal problem so far as the adult farmer is concerned has
been to provide evening-class instruction which would enable him to
better adjust his farm-management plans to meet changing conditions.
Certain definite changes have taken place in respect to all-day and
part-time classes in the field of commercial education. There has,
for instance, been a decrease in enrollment in commercial classes in
part-time general continuation schools, resulting from decreased employment
in offices and stores, of youth under 18 years of age. Decrease
in employment of youth under 18 in stores, for almost every
kind of work, has resulted in a corresponding decrease in enrollment
in cooperative retail selling classes. Cooperative retail selling
classes have been practically closed in many cities. Changes in demand
for workers may make continuance of high-school retail selling
classes almost impossible, especially in cities where most of the highschool
graduates are not mature enough to be satisfactory salespeople
or store-service workers.
APPRENTICE TRAINING
Reports from the States show that the promotion of apprentice
training is recognized as a major responsibility of State boards for
vocational training in developing the Federal-State programs of
vocational education.
This form of vocational training was recognized by the Commission
on National Aid for Vocational Education, appointed by President
Wilson, which m its report in 1914 declared that “vocational educa276
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
tion is needed to provide a supplement to apprenticeship.” The
Commission’s recommendations on this subject were incorporated
into the Smith-Hughes Act, and apprentice training has been a definite
part of the vocational-education program ever since it was
started in 1917.
During the year members of the Office of Education staff have
cooperated with the Federal Committee on Apprentice Training in
helping the States set up State advisory committees for apprentice
training and in working with interested groups throughout the country
in establishing improved standards in the field of apprentice
education. Working with such advisory committees, vocational
schools are maintaining trade instruction for thousands of apprentices
through evening and part-time classes.
Chicago, Milwaukee, Detroit, Seattle, Portland, San Francisco,
Denver, San Antonio, Houston, New Orleans, Pittsburgh, New York,
Wilmington, Cleveland, and Boston are among the cities in which
vocational schools are cooperating with other interested agencies in
the promotion of apprentice training. In all cases the courses are
organized with the advance and assistance of workers and employers
from the special trades and occupations in which the apprentices are
employed.
The States of Pennsylvania, New York, Massachusetts, and Connecticut
have increased their enrollment in apprentice classes during
the past year. In Pennsylvania a full-time coordinator has been employed
to have full charge of apprentice programs.
OCCUPATIONAL ADJUSTMENT TRAINING
Occupational adjustment training—training to adjust workers to
changes in industrial processes, techniques, and materials, in their
trades or occupations—was recognized by Congress when it passed
the National Vocational Education Act. Occupational adjustment
training, intended as it is for workers already employed, must by its
very nature be provided largely in evening classes. The Smith-
Hughes Act makes specific provision for such classes.
Increased opportunities for employment following the prolonged
period of depression served to emphasize the need for occupational
adjustment training for those already employed to enable them to
take new jobs which become available in their occupations. It has
served to emphasize further the need for training on the part of
workers in older age groups who in order to hold their jobs must
keep themselves up to date in the new technics. It has been necessary
also to train for new jobs workers whose former occupations
have been eliminated by reason of technological and other changes.
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 277
The vocational schools have made it possible for hundreds of workers
to learn to handle new tools and new material and to learn new
processes and thus to resume work on their old jobs. Plumbers and
boilermakers have learned to do welding; sheet-metal workers, electricians,
and steam fitters have been trained to install, operate, and
service air-conditioning plants; auto mechanics have learned how to
operate and maintain Diesel engines; and electrical workers have
been taught to service radio, electric refrigerators, and vacuum cleaners.
These are but a few of the examples of adjustment training
by which thousands of workers, thrown out of their former jobs
through changing conditions, have been fitted for employment in
new occupations.
Instruction in home economics in evening classes for adults has
centered attention upon adjustments in the practices of homemakers
with respect to the expenditure of reduced incomes for food, clothes,
home furnishings, and other home necessities; upon the preservation
of food, especially that raised in home gardens; and upon measures
designed to create better health and sanitation conditions in the
home. Such instruction may be said to be occupational adjustment
instruction.
For evidence of the scope and effectiveness of instruction in occupational
adjustment in agriculture, trade and industry, and home
economics, it is necessary only to point to the enrollment of adults in
vocational classes operated under State plans in these fields during
the year. The total enrollment in such classes was approximately
411,000, of which 110,000 were farmers seeking instruction which
would aid them in revising their farm-management practices in line
with new developments—scientific and economic—in agriculture;
164,000 were trade and industrial workers, learning the new techniques
in their trades; and 136,000 were women, many of them forced
by circumstances to. practice rigid economies, enrolled to secure
instruction which would be an asset to them in their efforts to provide
the maximum of satisfaction, comfort, and happiness for their
families. These enrollment figures are in contrast to those for the
previous year, when 370,000 persons were enrolled in evening
schools-—101,000 farmers, 140,000 trade and industrial workers, and
129,000 homemakers.
COOPERATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES
It would be impossible for the Office of Education as the Federal
administrative agency under the National Vocational Education and
National Vocational Rehabilitation Acts, or for State boards for vocational
education and vocational rehabilitation to carry on effective
278 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
programs in these two fields without cooperating with other agencies
more or less concerned with these fields.
Vital as this cooperation is under normal conditions, it is doubly
essential under the economic and social conditions which have obtained
in the past 6 years. Both Federal and State authorities responsible
for the promotion of vocational education and vocationalrehabilitation
programs have realized the necessity for a well-planned
cooperative effort.
During the past year the Office of Education, continuing a policy
adopted with the inception of the vocational-education program in
1917, has worked in close touch with other Government agencies and
other public and private agencies whose objectives dovetail with
those of the vocational-education program.
The trade and industrial service of the Office has cooperated with
the Federal Committee on Apprenticeship Training in promotional
work in the field. Two members of the staff of this service have continued
to serve as members of this committee. Another member of
the service has worked with the United States Air Corps in making
an analysis of occupations in the field of communications. The service
cooperated with the Department of Labor in preparing and publishing
a summary of State laws covering school attendance and employment
of minors. Assistance was given the Home Owners’ Loan
Corporation in organizing a plan of training for groups of its field
workers. Various services were rendered by the trade and industrial
service also to the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Public
Works Administration, the United States Forest Service, the National
Youth Administration, and the Tennessee Valley Authority.
Other public and private agencies with whom the trade and industrial
service has cooperated during the year include: American
Municipal Association, American Management Association, a number
of industries, and various national labor organizations.
During the year a considerable portion of the time of staff members
of the agricultural service of the Office, of State supervisory and
teacher-training departments, and of local teachers of vocational
agriculture has been devoted to the development of further and closer
cooperative working relationships with Federal, State, and local
agencies in the field of agriculture, unemployment relief, and emergency
education. The service has cooperated with the Farm Credit
Administration in carrying to State supervisors and teacher trainers
in agricultural education, and in turn to individual farmers, information
concerning the activities of that Administration and the
services it makes available to farmers in financing their operations.
Vocational agriculture teachers have assisted farmers and farm youth
enrolled in vocational agriculture classes to get production credit
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 279
loans and loans from Federal land banks to refinance their farm
mortgages. Farm youth have secured loans in connection with their
supervised practice programs. The agricultural service of the Office
has also cooperated with teacher trainers employed by the Agricultural
Adjustment Administration in the development of teaching
information to be used by vocational agriculture teachers in explaining
to their classes the purposes and activities of the soilconservation
program. Teachers of agriculture continue to cooperate
with camp educational advisers of the Civilian Conservation
Corps by assisting them in organizing teaching materials in agriculture
to be used in camp classes and by extending the facilities of
vocational agriculture departments for inspectional and field trip
purposes. Many State supervisors of agricultural education are cooperating
with State organizations responsible for the administration
of Federal emergency education programs, and in some instances
these supervisors have shouldered a considerable share of the responbility
of administering these programs. As explained in the discussion
on day-school and part-time classes, the agricultural service is
working with land banks and other financial institutions in getting
vocational agriculture students placed on farms as renters or as
owners.
The home economics education service has cooperated during the
year with five Government agencies. It is conducting a study in
cooperation with the Home Economics Extension Service of the Department
of Agriculture, designed to assist in the development of
type programs of vocational home economics education. A series of
lessons was prepared by the Office of Education for the educational
director of the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation, on the household
budgets. Help was given the women’s work division of the Federal
Emergency Relief Administration in planning a program of household
employment. Assistance was rendered in various ways also to
the Rural Electrification Administration and the Resettlement
Administration.
Throughout the year interrelations between agencies vitally concerned
with the welfare of disabled persons have been materially
strengthened through the cooperation of the vocational rehabilitation
service of the Office of Education and the State rehabilitation
services. This cooperative effort has extended to such organizations
as workmen’s compensation bureaus, State employment offices, and
crippled children’s agencies. The rehabilitation service of the Office
has been giving attention also to the establishment of organized working
relations between State rehabilitation departments and county or
local public agencies.
280 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS
A continuing program of research has been carried on by all
services of the vocational education division of the Office of Education
during the year.
The agricultural education service is assisting in a research organized
under a committee of the National Association of State Directors
of Vocational Education, covering the amount and distribution
of time devoted to vocational agriculture in high schools. This
service is making a study, also, which has for its objective the evaluation
of supervised farm practice in vocational agriculture departments
in the Southern States. Two other studies—one on the status
and farming record of graduates of vocational agriculture courses,
and the other on the place of vocational agriculture in the small
high school—have been under way during the year. Other studies
on which research is being made by the agricultural education service
are: The out-of-school farm youth; placement opportunities for vocational
agriculture graduates; and the use of agricultural experiment
station data in vocational agriculture classes. The service is cooperating
in the University Research project, which provides for the
cooperation of colleges and universities in studies and investigations
in agricultural education, in which the services of unemployed relief
workers are utilized. The research specialist of the agricultural education
service is serving as a member of the Committee on Research,
Agricultural Section, American Vocational Association. During the
year, also, he was called upon to assist graduate students attending
summer sessions in several universities with their research problems,
through individual and group conferences.
A study of aviation courses in the public schools, started by the
trade and industrial service over a year ago, was completed during
the year. A second study—training for sheet-metal workers in the
aviation industry—is rapidly being completed. Other studies under
way in this service are: Vocational needs in the District of Columbia;
safety plans in public school shops; apprentice training; household
training courses; vocational education for adults; and fireside or
handicraft occupations, particularly in New England and the Southern
States.
Four studies have been conducted by the home economics service:
One on out-of-school rural girls; one on the extensiveness of home
economics in public schools in States and Territories; one on the field
of home management; and a study, undertaken in cooperation with
the home economics extension staff of the Department of Agriculture,
on the needs and services available in home economics education in
Garrett County, Md. The special agent for studies and investigations
of the home economics service has assisted in guiding the program
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 281
of a committee on graduate study in the central region States, and
has given assistance in research to groups in other regions. She has
also advised with graduate students on studies in the field of home
economics.
The Commercial Education Service completed during the year a
study of cooperative training in retail selling in public high schools.
Statistical studies covering changes in commercial occupations have
been continued.
In addition to completing surveys of rehabilitation programs in
seven States, as indicated under the discussion of “Cooperative Services
to the States”, the vocational rehabilitation service of the Office
completed a study of procedures for such surveys, the results of which
were prepared for publication in bulletin form. Results of a second
study—factors in the rehabilitation of more than 10,000 persons
returned to remunerative employment in 1935—were compiled and
put in form for publication.
The principal publications issued by the Vocational Education
Division during the year, in addition to the detailed reports of
regional conferences of vocational education workers in the three
fields—agriculture, trade and industry, and home economics—are as
follows:
GENERAL
Misc. 1766. Digest of annual reports of State boards for Vocational education to
the Office of Education, Division of Vocational Education, for the year ended
June 30, 1935.
Misc. 1726. Hobbies. A bibliography.
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
Bulletin No. 183. Business problems in farming. Suggestions to teachers of
vocational agriculture for use in conducting agricultural evening classes.
Bulletin No. 188. Young men in farming. Individual case studies of young men
to determine their qualifications, opportunities, and training needs for the
vocation of farming.
TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION
C. L. 1871. Minutes of meeting of Advisory Committee of Nine.
C. L. 1861. New definitions and interpretations affecting trade and industrial
education.
C. L. 1880. Conditions for training programs within industrial plants.
C. L. 1896. Use of new forms for annual statistical reports.
Misc. 1526. State compulsory school attendance standards affecting the employment
of minors.
Summary on apprenticeship in 1935.
Set of 8 charts on “Occupational Statistics in the United States.”
HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION
Bulletin No. 181. Space and equipment for homemaking instruction.
Bulletin No. 182. Consumer buying in the educational program for homemaking.
282 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Bulletin No. 187. Home-economics education courses. A study of practices in
teacher-training institutions reimbursed from Federal funds for vocational
education.
Misc. 1163. Studies and research in home-economics education reported by colleges
and universities. Revised.
Misc. 1173. Subject index to theses studies in home-economics education. Revised.
Misc. 1717. An educational program for household employment.
Misc. 1809. Homemaking education programs for adults and out-of-school youth.
Misc. 1810. Illustrations of student-teaching programs in home economics.
VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION
Bulletin No. 184. Procedure for survey of a State program of vocational rehabilitation.
A manual of procedure for assembling and interpreting data on the
factors involved in the conduct of a State rehabilitation program.
Bulletin No. 120. Vocational rehabilitation in the United States. The evolution,
scope, organization, and administration of the program of vocational
rehabilitation of disabled persons. Revised.
Misc. 1774. Vocational rehabilitation: Restoration of physically handicapped
persons to useful employment.
Statistical tables of cases rehabilitated, fiscal year 1934^35.
APPROPRIATIONS: 1936 AND 1937
Appropriations under the several vocational education and vocational
rehabilitation acts for 1936 and 1937, for research and service
to aid the States and for administration of the acts, are shown in
table 1; totals of appropriations to the States and Territories under
these acts in table 2; and allotments to the States and Territories in
table 3.
Appropriations for research, service, and administration under the
Smith-Hughes Act have been continued in the same amount for 1937
as for 1936. Appropriations under the George-Ellzey Act have been
slightly increased for 1937. Appropriations under the Rehabilitation
Act as amended by the Social Security Act have been increased
for 1937.
Tab le 1.—Appropriations for research and service to aid [the States and for
administration: 1936, 1937
Act 1936 1937
Smith-Hughes Act____________________________________________________ $192,000 $192,000
George-Ellzey Act_____________________________________________________ 64,000 73i 000
Rehabilitation Act____________________________________________________ 63,500 74,420
Appropriations for allotment to the States and Territories under
the Smith-Hughes and George-Ellzey Acts have been continued in
the same amounts for 1937 as for 1936. Appropriations to the States
under the Rehabilitation Act as amended by the Social Security Act
OFFICE OF EDUCATION 283
were increased by $350,000 for the last 5 months of 1936, and have
been approximately doubled for 1937. Additional appropriations
for vocational rehabilitation to Hawaii and Puerto Rico have been
provided for 1937, and the appropriation to the District of Columbia
has been continued in 193’7 as for 1936.
Tab le 2.—Appropriations for allotment to the States and Territories for vocational
education and vocational rehabilitation: 1936, 1931
Act
Appropriation
1936 1937
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
Smith-Hughes Act
Total _________________________________________________ _ . $7,167,000.00 $7,167, 000. Off
Vocational agriculture______________________________________________ 3,027,000.00 3,027, 000.00
Vocational trade, industry, and home economics_____________________ 3,050,000.00 3,050,000.00
Vocational teacher training_________________________________________ 1,090,000.00 1,090,000.00
George-Ellzey Act
Total__________________________________________________ _____ _ 3,084, 603. 00 3,084, 603.00
Vocational agriculture______________________________________________ 1,031,019. 75 1,031, 019.75
Vocational trade and industry______________________________________ 1,032,191.60 1,032,191. 60
Vocational home economics_________________________________________ 1, 021, 391.65 1,021,391.65
Hawaii______________________________________________________________ 30,000.00
105,000.00
30,000.00
Puerto Rico___________________________________________________________ 105,000.00
VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION
Vocational Rehabilitation Act__________________________________________ 1,097,000. 00 1,938,000.00
Supplemental Appropriations Act______________________________________ 350,000.00
Hawaii_______________________________________________________________ 5,000.00
15,000. 00
15,000.00
Puerto Rico___________________________________ _____________________
District of Columbia— ____________________ __________ ___ 15,000.00
284 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Ta b l e 3 ■—Allotments of Federal money to the States and Territories for vocational education and vocational rehabilitation, year ending June 30
1937
CD
02
00
63
67
07
59
00
31
48
00
47
96
98
79
69
72
28
27
50
29
46
88
29
00
34
00
00
45
00
65
62
02
63
47
87
abilitation A<
1937
Ci
O
io
00
00
39,730.
10,000.
27,842.
85, 236.
15,551.
24,125.
10,000.
22,043.
43, 667.
10,000.
114, 564.
48, 621.
37,097.
28, 240.
39, 254.
31, 552.
11,972.
24,495.
63,802.
72, 701.
38,494.
30,174.
54,490.
10, 000.
20,688.
10,000.
10,000.
60, 675.
10,000.
188,993.
47,597.
10,222.
99,791.
35,973.
14, 319.
s
23
24
01
43
91
07
21
34
97
15
79
36
90
29
27
79
73
48
32
47
14
23
66
53
58
07
80
56
37
81
33
06
14
32
60
'aS CO
00
00
168.
239.
441.
577.
946.
712.
678.
183.
058.
266.
108.
696.
235.
733.
819.
164.
268.
983.
841.
374.
261.
153.
004.
529.
188.
259.
323.
545.
204.
751.
944.
937.
263.
410.
713.
.2 CT—i< cco?
29,
11,
20,
62,
16,
17,
10,
16,
32,
11,
84,
35,
27,
20,
28,
23,
12,
17,
46,
53,
28,
22,
40,
11,
15,
10,
11,
44,
11,
138,
34,
11,
73,
26,
12,
s > S-
^sg uo
c©
35
94
72
34
43
91
00
92
02
51
34
23
59
28
37
33
42
85
19
95
60
82
86
01
00
00
00
55
57
59
63
80
31
11
65
Vocations
home econo
ics edueati
$1,021, 391.
35,194.
5, 286.
27, 230.
28,064.
9, 546.
8, 791.
5,000.
13,108.
37, 249.
5,838.
36,914.
26, 694.
27, 601.
21,301.
33, 595.
23, 464.
8,806.
12,150,.
7,738.
28, 500.
24,172.
30,919.
32,756.
6, 598.
16, 503.
5,000.
5,000.
12,991.
5,856.
38,231.
43,677.
10,501.
39, 586.
29,132.
8,586.
Vocational
trade and
industrial
education
s
83
00
72
31
60
46
00
11
15
00
89
99
17
59
26
93
52
51
04
68
74
68
67
00
35
00
00
14
00
71
86
00
07
52
52
llzey Act
$1,032,191.
14,181.
5,000.
7,981.
54,912.
8,176.
16,507.
5,000.
12,914.
16,180.
5,000.
72, Oil.
26,338.
16, 213.
12,746.
15, 616.
13,801.
6,802.
15,138.
44, 809.
44,087.
18,119.
7,025.
27,309.
5, 000.
8, 603.
5,000.
5,000.
42,462.
5,000.
128,878.
17,052.
5, 000.
61,175.
14, 898.
7,928.
George-E
Vocational
agricultural
education
$1,031,019. 75
43,759.65
5,000.00
36,550.17
20,259. 34
9,234. 22
5,000.00
5,000.00
9,108. 65
46,314.07
6,150.06
32,625.19
26, 544.44
31,928.34
23,089.74
38, 413.16
27,119. 04
5, 582.94
7,752.87
5,000.00
25, 544.93
29, 232.88
44,496.42
36, 387. 58
6, 679. 93
19,122.97
5,000.00
5,000. 00
5,000.00
5,179. 26
23,505.47
52, 236.85
12,971. 53
33,081. 63
33,435. 59
7,302. 66
83
94
61
99
25
37
00
68
24
57
42
66
10
61
79
30
88
23
23
56
22
92
11
94
32
00
00
69
83
77
34
33
01
22
83
Total
084,603.
93,135.
15, 286.
71, 762.
103,235.
26,957.
30, 299.
15,000.
35,131.
99,743.
16,988.
141,551.
79, 577.
75, 743.
57,137.
87,624.
64,385.
21.191.
35,042.
57.547.
98,133.
71,525.
82,441.
96,454.
18, 277.
44, 229.
15,000.
15,000.
60,453.
16,035.
190, 615.
112,967.
28, 473.
133,843.
77,466.
23,817.
CO
A
iooq
44
00
85
18
00
30
00
16
03
00
95
55
87
69
55
58
00
65
82
65
48
12
81
00
16
00
00
63
00
72
63
00
74
39
00
Vocations
teacher tra:
ing
2 $1,089,858.
21,639.
10,000.
15,164.
46, 425.
10,000.
13,140.
10,000.
12,006.
23,784.
10,000.
62,398.
26, 482.
20, 205.
15, 381.
21,380.
17,185.
10.000.
13, 341.
34,750.
39, 597.
20,966.
16,435.
29, 678.
10,000.
11. 268.
10,000.
10,000.
33,047.
10,000.
102,937.
25,924.
10,000.
54,352.
19,593.
10,000.
Q
W
b£)
S S O 3 Pl
2 $3,049, 265.27
32, 611.15
10,000.00
16,776. 23
182,301.17
22,779. 21
49,589.77
10.000.00
33, 290.52
39,236.98
10,000.00
246,935.68
78, 689.02
42,908.77
31,978.49
35,010. 22
36, 522.14
14,087.15
42,714.98
167,878. 22
144, 684.11
55,103. 85
14, 847.09
81,459.38
10,000.00
21, 299.32
10,000.00
11,965.26
146, 312. 71
10,000.00
461,031.10
35,484.35
10,000.00
197,495. 50
36,002. 87
21,458.77
M CO
00
23
19
87
06
35
45
00
86
67
72
48
77
09
24
53
15
15
80
27
27
70
81
62
61
06
00
23
29
12
53
98
26
45
55
11
cso
Vocations
agriculture
educatior
2 $3,018,853.
106,018.
15,926.
82,028.
84,540.
28, 757.
26,484.
10,000.
39,488.
112,207.
17, 587. Ill, 199.
80,412.
83,146.
64,167.
101,201.
70,683.
26, 528.
36, 602.
23,310.
85,855.
72,816.
93,141.
98, 675.
19,875.
49, 713.
10,000.
10, 714.
39,135.
17, 642.
115,167.
131, 572.
31, 635.
119, 248.
87, 756.
25,866.
CO 82
19
95
41
56
52
00
54
68
72
11
34
73
42
30
87
30
43
31
03
03
02
81
61
54
00
49
63
12
35
96
26
69
81
88
Total
2 $7,157,977.
160, 268.
35,926.
113,969.
313,266.
61,536.
89, 214.
30,000.
84,785.
175, 228.
37, 587.
420, 534.
185, 584.
146, 260. Ill, 527.
157, 592.
124,390.
50, 615.
92,659.
225,939.
270,137.
148,887.
124,424.
209,813.
39,875.
82, 280.
30,000.
32, 679.
218,495.
37, 642.
679,136.
192,981.
51,635.
371,096.
143, 352.
57,324.
State or Territory
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OFFICE OF EDUCATION 285
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GENERAL EDUCATION BOARD
(L. M. Dash ie ll , Treasurer)
This corporation, which was created by an act of Congress approved
January 12, 1903, section 6 of which requires the corporation
to file annually with the Secretary of the Interior a report, in writing,
stating .in detail the property, real and personal, held by the
corporation and the expenditure or other use or disposition of the
same or the income thereof during the preceding year, has for its
object the promotion of education within the United States.
On June 30, 1936, principal fund, belonging without restriction to
the Board, amounted to $34,734,598.42. This fund is invested in
stocks and bonds. In addition the sum. of $13,865,481.91 is reserved
to pay appropriations to various educational institutions, and the
further sum of $3,495,000 has been referred to the executive committee
for appropriation, a total sum reserved of $17,360,481.91. This
fund is invested as follows: Securities, $14,324,801.45; and cash on
deposit, $3,035,680.46. Lapses and refunds on prior years’ appropriations
amounted to $50,000 and $207.92, respectively. The sum of
$3,918,220.30 was paid during the year ended June 30, 1936.
Appropriations from income during the year aggregated $3,253,-
608.31. Lapses on account of prior years’ appropriations amounted
to $78,593.54, however, leaving a net increase in income appropriations
of $3,175,014.77.
The income from the above funds, together with income from
undisbursed income (and including the sum of $134.20 received on
account of income from the estate of Lucy M. Spelman) amounted
during the year to $2,648,893.75; the balance of income from the
previous year as of June 30, 1935, amounted to $10,260,615.49, which,
together with sundry refunds amounting to $9,211.17, increased the
total to $12,918,720.41.
Disbursements from income during the year were as follows:
Whites:
Colleges of Liberal Arts: General endowment,
buildings, and other purposes__________ $805,228.42
Science of education:
Schools of education________ $30, 705. 21
Special projects_____________ 167, 326. 24
--------------- 198,031.45
Natural sciences_________________________ 12, 608.18
Medical sciences : Schools of medicine_______ 71, 000. 00
98234—36------ 20
287
288 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Humanities____________________
Humanities____________________
Public education:
Fellowships------------------------
Special divisions! in State departments
of education-----
Teacher training____________
Library training____________
Studies____________________
Other purposes-------------------
$41, 899.33
80,192. 53
37, 516. 65
29, 800. 00
22,437.34
4, 703. 09
Miscellaneous____________________________
General education------------------------------------
Child growth and development---------------------
Training of personnel for the advancement of
knowledge___________________________
Negroes:
Colleges and schools: General endowment,
$237, 956. 45
237, 956. 45
216, 548. 94
212, 382. 04
714, 663. 87
196, 212. 48
196,180. 64
$2, 860, 812. 47
buildings, and other purposes------------------- 600, 831. 08
Social sciences___________________________ 10, 000. 00
Medical sciences:
Schools of medicine________ $172, 500. 00
Special projects____________ 2, 475. 00
Public education:
Summer schools___________ 9, 801. 55
Anna T. Jeanes foundation__ 25, 000. 00
John F. Slater fund________ 30, 000. 00
Rural-school agents________ 121, 421. 01
Fellowships_______________ 66, 682. 09
Special divisions in State departments
of education__ 750. 00
Teacher training___________ 1, 250. 00
Other purposes____________ 166. 48
174, 975. 00
255,071.13
Miscellaneous____________________________ 1, 753.11
Surveys and studies'_____________________________________
Miscellaneous projects___________________________________
Administration_________________________________________
1, 042, 630. 32
18, 365. 87
4, 655. 63
303, 789. 07
4, 230, 253. 36
This leaves an undisbursed balance of income on June 30, 1936, of
$8,688,467.05, which is invested as follows: Cash on deposit, $8,221,-
635.63, and accounts receivable, net, $466,831.42. It should be noted,
however, that against this balance of $8,688,467.05 there are unpaid
appropriations amounting to $8,122,261.71, leaving unappropriated
income amounting to $566,205.34.
The Anna T. Jeanes fund, the principal and interest of which
are to be used for Negro rural schools, amounted, on June 30, 1936,
to $40,019.21. This sum is in cash on deposit. The sum of $25,000
was appropriated and paid during the year.
GENERAL EDUCATION BOARD 289
The income from this fund during the year was $1,937.68. Added
to the balance from previous year of $5,304.77, the total available
income amounted to $7,242.45. The sum of $3,157.96 was paid, and
a payment of $1,750 under prior years’ appropriation originally
charged to principal, was transferred to income, leaving $2,334.49,
which is accounted for in cash on deposit. Of this balance of $2,-
334.49, there were unpaid appropriations of $1,985.99, leaving $348.50
available for appropriation.
GENERAL LAND OFFICE
(Fee d W. John son , Commissioner)
Due to Executive orders of withdrawal, no. 6910 of November 26,
1934, and no. 6964 of February 5, 1935, and the amendments thereto,
there was a marked decrease in the number of acres included in
original entries, selections and filings made during the year, when
compared with the previous year. The area was 425,834 acres, as
against 1,759,078 acres which were included in such appropriations
during the preceding year.
The area embraced in final entries, selections and filings made
during the year was 1,937,526 acres, an increase of 165,823 acres
over the area included in such entries during the preceding year.
Altogether 8,238 patents were issued for 2,216,684 acres, while during
the preceding year only 6,102 patents were issued for 1,394,130
acres. This shows an increase of nearly 60 percent over the area
patented during the year 1935. In addition, under State grants,
253,903 acres were certified to States, an increase of 30,602 acres
over the area so certified during the previous year.
The area which on June 30, 1936, was embraced in unperfected
entries upon which final proof of compliance with the law was not
due or had not been presented, was 16,862,271 acres, or 2,804,442
acres less than were included in such entries on June 30, 1935. The
area which on June 30, 1936, was included in outstanding licenses,
leases, and permits issued under the mineral leasing act was 12,322,-
637 acres, an increase of 1,014,960 acres over the number of acres
under such form of appropriation at the close of the preceding fiscal
year.
There were furnished during the year 36,898 certified and uncertified
copies of entry papers, plats, field notes, patents, etc., for
which there were received amounts aggregating $10,826.75. In
addition there were furnished for official use by this and other departments
and agencies 60,016 copies of said items. There were
furnished altogether 6,468 more copies than were supplied during
the preceding year.
Reports were submitted on 69 Senate and House bills, and necessary
orders and instructions have been prepared or are in course of
preparation in connection with 67 bills, public and private, affecting
the public lands which were enacted into law. Reports were made
on 26 enrolled bills.
291
292 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
In connection with pending and proposed suits 211 letters were
written, which related to initial or interlocutory actions, commented
on bills of complaint, and considered reorganization plans of the
defendant companies under the Bankruptcy Act. Twelve suits were
recommended.
Favorable consideration was given to 75 applications to practice
before the Department and charges made in 2 cases against United
States commissioners were sustained and the revocation of their
respective appointments was recommended.
The number of letters and reports received for consideration or
answer from all sources during the year was 139,147, and 73,956
letters and decisions were written. The latter figure does not include
letters prepared for signature in the Department.
There were decided on principles of equity, and referred to the
Board of Equitable Adjudication and confirmed, approximately 1,556
cases.
Numerous requests were received during the year from other bureaus
and departments in connection with their respective operations
for the status of public lands, the compilation of maps or diagrams,
certified copies of records, the preparation or consideration of proposed
orders of withdrawal or restoration, or other information or
action. This work frequently involved much research or consideration
and it added considerably to the duties of the office.
In land exchanges made for the benefit of other bureaus this office
examined abstracts of title covering many thousands of acres in order
to determine the sufficiency of title to the lands offered as base. The
facts as to such exchanges will be set forth hereinafter in detail.
TAYLOR GRAZING ACT
Grazing districts.—This office, in cooperation with the Division of
Grazing, and in accordance with departmental order of March 11,
1935, has prepared the orders which have been issued establishing
grazing districts and describing the lands included within the exterior
boundaries thereof, together with the diagrams accompanying the
orders, showing the exterior boundaries of each grazing district, and
other pertinent data. It is estimated that the total area included in
all established districts, as of June 30, 1936, was 79,805,186 acres.
Amendment to act.—The act of June 26, 1936, Public, No. 827,
amended the Taylor Grazing Act of June 28, 1934 (48 Stat. 1269), so
as to increase the area subject to inclusion in grazing districts from
80,000,000 to 142,000,000 acres. The amendatory act modifies sections
7, 8, 10, and 15 of the act, and it adds a new section thereto, namely,
section 17, which relates to personnel of the Division of Grazing. The
GENERAL. LAND OFFICE 293
administration of sections 7, 8, 10, and 15 rests largely with the
General Land Office.
Sec . 7. Homestead and other entries.—Section 7 of the Taylor
Grazing Act, as amended, authorizes the Secretary of the Interior, in
his discretion, to examine and classify any lands withdrawn or reserved
by Executive Order No. 6910, of November 26, 1934, and the
amendments thereto, or by Executive Order No. 6964, of February 5,
1935, as amended, or within a grazing district, and to make such lands
subject to disposal under any applicable public land law, when such
classification shows that the lands are more valuable or suitable for
such use than for the use provided for by said act, or that the lands
are proper for acquisition in satisfaction of outstanding lieu, exchange,
scrip, or land-grant rights. However, no homestead entry
may be allowed for more than 320 acres. Classification may be made
by the Secretary of the Interior on his own motion, or on application.
A few requests were received under the original section 7 to have
lands classified and opened to homestead entry, which requests were
referred to the Division of Grazing, as required by Circular No. 1353.
No such classifications have yet been made.
Sec . 8. Exchange of lands.—The limitation imposed by section 8 of
the original act, that exchanges of privately owned lands may be
made only when such lands are situated within the boundaries of a
grazing district, has been removed by the amended act. Under the
act as amended, exchanges may be made of privately owned lands
situated outside of grazing districts, as well as of such lands situated
within grazing districts. This liberalization of the law will permit
private holdings outside of grazing districts to be blocked up in the
public interests for grazing use.
The authorization for the exchange of State-owned lands has also
been materially modified. Such exchanges may now be made acre
for acre as well as on the basis of equal value. Exchanges of State
land may not, however, involve the selection of public lands within
a grazing district unless the base or offered lands are also within such
district, and then only when the selected lands lie in a reasonably
compact body, so located as not to interfere with the administration
or value of the remaining lands in such district for grazing purposes.
A total of 19 applications for the exchange of privately owned
lands were filed during the year, of which 2 were rejected, leaving 17
cases pending. The pending cases are awaiting reports from the
Division of Grazing.
At the beginning of the year there were 202 applications pending
for the exchange of State lands. Fifty-nine new applications were
received and 59 applications were finally rejected. Action on 130
applications was suspended for various reasons. Reports from the
294 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Director of Grazing were requested on 29 applications, and from the
Division of Investigation in 26 cases. Additional evidence was
required, or other action taken, in 40 cases.
Sec . 10. Disposition of proceeds.—The amended law brings all
moneys received from the administration thereof, except as provided
by sections 9 and 11, under the plan of distribution under which 25
percent thereof, when appropriated by Congress, may be used for the
construction, purchase, or maintenance of range improvements and
50 percent will be paid to the States for the benefit of the county or
counties in which the lands producing such moneys are situated.
This distribution includes the receipts from leases under section 15
of the act, which receipts were not subject to such distribution under
the original section 10. Thus, a larger amount of money than was
provided for by the original law will become available for range
improvements and for the benefit of the counties in which the lands
are situated.
Seo . 14. Public sales.—Appropriate action was taken during the
year on 266 applications for public sales.
Sec. 15. Grazing leases.—The restriction imposed by original section
15, under which regulations were approved January 8, 1936, as
Circular No. 1375, that isolated tracts outside of grazing districts
may only be leased for grazing purposes to owners of lands contiguous
to the area sought to be leased, was removed by the amended act,
and in its place broad authority is granted to the Secretary of the
Interior to lease for grazing purposes any public lands outside of
grazing districts, upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary
may prescribe. Preference, however, is given to owners, homesteaders,
lessees, or other lawful occupants of contiguous lands, to
the extent necessary to permit the proper use of the contiguous land.
Thus, it can be seen that section 15 has been brought into accord with
the fundamental principles governing the allowance of licenses or
permits in grazing districts. Furthermore, it was provided by the
amendatory legislation that where the area sought to be leased is in
the form of an isolated or disconnected tract embracing 760 acres or
less, the owner, homesteader, lessee, or other lawful occupants of the
contiguous or cornering land is to be given an absolute preference to
lease the whole of such tract.
When the amended law was passed, approximately 2.255 applications
for grazing lease were pending. Of this number about 1,600
involved lands within contemplated or proposed grazing districts,
which applications were awaiting reports from the Director of Grazing.
The remaining cases were awaiting reports from the Division
of Investigations. When action on these cases is taken, due consideration
must be given to the provisions of the amended law, and
the regulations issued thereunder.
GENERAL LAND OFFICE 295
EMERGENCY CONSERVATION WORK
Among the many diversified projects being carried on by the
Civilian Conservation Corps, perhaps none exemplifies better the true
conservation nature of the work accomplished than the two camps
situated at Gillette, Wyo. These camps are operated under the jurisdiction
of the General Land Office.
The work consists in controlling the coal fires that for years without
restriction have been destroying the irreplaceable coal deposits
of the Federal Government in Campbell County. The smaller fires
are being brought under control by digging out the fires and covering
the exposed part of the coal vein, while the larger fires are being
smothered by the application of a surface of from 10 to 20 feet of
finely pulverized earth.
AREAS TO WHICH ACTIVITIES OF THE GENERAL
LAND OFFICE EXTEND
Unappropriated, and unreserved public lands.—Because of the
withdrawals made by Executive orders of November 26, 1934, and
February 5, 1935, no computations of areas of the remaining public
lands have been made since June 30, 1934. The area of the unappropriated
and unreserved public lands as of said date was approximately
165,695,497 acres, not including Alaska and not including
small areas remaining undisposed of in the States of Alabama,
Arkansas, Florida, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi,
Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Wisconsin. Of such areas, 119,341,782
acres were surveyed, and 46,353,697 acres were unsurveyed. The
area of the unappropriated and unreserved public lands in Alaska
was approximately 346,174,242 acres, of which 2,044,421 acres were
surveyed.
In computing the areas which were vacant and unreserved on the
date mentioned, lands in pending, unallowed applications were considered
as appropriated; but lands in applications for oil- and gasprospecting
permits, or in permits granted, or in applications for
coal, phosphate, sodium, and/or sulphur, oil shale, or potash permits
or leases, or in permits or leases granted, were considered as unappropriated.
In view of the fact that the lands affected by the
oil-shale order of withdrawal of April 15, 1930, or in designated
geological structures of producing oil or gas fields, or in approved
oil and gas leases were then subject to disposition under the Stock-
Raising Homestead Act, such lands were treated as unappropriated.
The areas which were included in original entries, selections, filings,
etc., during the fiscal years 1935 and 1936, were 2,169,357 acres
in the public land States, and 15,555 acres in Alaska, a total of
2,184,912 acres. However, the net area of the public land was not
296 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
decreased to that extent as considerable land was restored to the
public domain through the rejection of applications and the cancellation
of entries.
CADASTRAL ENGINEERING SERVICE
The Cadastral Engineering Service of the General Land Office is
the congressionally constituted agency having jurisdiction over the
survey and resurvey of the public lands of the United States proper
and Alaska, mineral location surveys, and the preparation of the technical
and legal records thereof. The larger part of the cadastral engineering
operations during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1936, was
carried on under the regular appropriation for surveying public lands.
In addition to the regular surveying program, the General Land Office
continued to respond in large volume to the call of other governmental
agencies charged with the administration and development of public
lands under their jurisdiction. Included in the list of such applicants
were several of the newer Federal agencies such as the Division of
Grazing under the Taylor Grazing Act, and the Resettlement
Administration and Agricultural Adjustment Administration of the
Department of Agriculture.
During the year 1936 cadastral surveying projects were carried on
in 31 States and the Territory of Alaska, under 212 separate groups,
66 of which in 18 States were of resurveys. Accomplishment in much
of this work, such as in field engineering investigations and many
types of miscellaneous surveys, is not measurable on a quantity basis;
however, on that part which can be so measured 15,754 linear miles,
embracing 2,341,000 acres, were surveyed or resurveyed. In addition,
an extensive cadastral engineering project involving the survey of
irregular tracts of farm land for the Agricultural Adjustment Administration
in eight Eastern States along and adjacent to the Atlantic
seaboard was brought to a close.
Arrearages in office work in practically all districts were brought
up and made current. During the year surveys and resurveys in 238
townships were platted and approved, 155 supplemental and segregation
plats (exclusive of 22 supplemental plats accompanying survey
returns) were constructed, and the work of examining, platting, and
approving 143 mineral surveys, embracing 386 locations, at an average
office cost of $20.37 per location, was accomplished, an increase in
the number of mineral surveys, of approximately 50 percent over the
previous year.
There were accepted and placed on file during the year plats representing
1,328,063 acres of original surveys of public lands and
1,576,706 acres of resurveys, comprising an aggregate area of 2,904,769
acres.
GENERAL LAND OFFICE 297
The wall map of the United States has been revised to show current
changes since the publication of the 1934 edition. Preparation
is being made for the printing of this map. A new map of Alaska
has been issued, and the revised map of New Mexico is in the hands
of the contractor for printing.
There were sold to the public 6,983 photolithographic copies of
township plats, and 7,381 copies were furnished, without cost, to
other bureaus and agencies for official use.
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
The total cash receipts from sales, leases, and other disposals of
public lands (including receipts from copies of records, sales of
Government property, etc.) were $5,074,314.02 and from sales of
Indian lands $120,085.60, an aggregate of $5,194,399.62, all of which
was deposited in the Treasury. The total expendiutre from operations
was $1,527,797. The excess of receipts over expenditures was
$3,666,602.62. The receipts were the largest in any year since 1930.
They exceed last year’s receipts by $394,237.38.
Receipts under the mwierdL leasing acts.—Receipts from bonuses,
royalties, and rentals under laws providing for the leasing of mineral
rights on the public domain (including royalties and rentals
from potash deposits and royalties on coal leases in Alaska) aggregated
$4,419,923.30, of which $4,353,391.12 was received under the
act of February 25, 1920 (41 Stat. 437). Under the provision of the
said act each State receives 37% percent of the receipts thereunder
from the public lands within its borders, the reclamation fund receives
52% percent, and the other 10 percent remains in the Treasury
of the United States as miscellaneous receipts.
Receipts under the Taylor Grazing Act.—The amounts received as
fees on grazing licenses aggregated $48,271.34.
Under the provisions of the act, the States within which the lands
are situated receive 50 percent of the receipts, and 25 percent thereof
when appropriated by Congress may be expended for construction,
purchase, and maintenance of range improvements within the grazing
districts from which the receipts come.
Distribution of receipts.—Receipts from all sources, aggregating
$5,194,399.62, as shown above, are distributed under the law approximately
as follows: Reclamation fund, $2,489,538.05; to public-land
States and certain counties within such States, $1,950,906.37; general
fund, $633,869.60; and to various Indian tribes, $120,085.60.
Five percent of the net proceeds from cash sales of public lands is
paid to the public-land States within which such sales are made,
and the balance of such receipts from States named in the Reclamation
Act are credited to the reclamation fund; the reclamation fund
298 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR, 19 3 6
and the States involved receive (on the percentages shown above)
90 percent of the receipts under the Mineral Leasing Act and of
receipts from potash deposits leased under the act of February 7,
1927; receipts from sales of reclamation town sites and camp sites
and from royalties and rentals from potash deposits leased under the
act of October 2, 1917, are credited to the reclamation fund; all of
the receipts from proceeds of land and timber in the forfeited Oregon
and California railroad grant will be paid to certain counties in
Oregon in lieu of taxes; 25 percent of the proceeds of land and
timber in the forfeited Coos Bay wagon-road grant will be paid to
Coos County; the receipts from Indian lands (except 37% percent
of royalties from Red River oil lands, payable to the State of Oklahoma
in lieu of taxes) are deposited in the Treasury to the credit of
the various Indian tribes. All other moneys are deposited in the
Treasury to the credit of the general fund.
The following table shows in detail the distribution of the receipts,
insofar as is possible before final settlement of all accounts by the
General Accounting Office.
Distribution in the Treasury
Source of receipt
General
fund
Reclamation
fund
State and
county funds Total
Sale of public lands............ ........................... .........—. $22, 356.27 $50, 789.82 $2,549.86 $75, 695.95
Fees and commissions__________________________
Bonuses, rentals, and royalties from mineral leases,
Proceeds of land and timber in Oregon and Cali-
33, 552.33
462,497. 39
103,239.44
2,285,313.33 1, 632,366.66
136, 791.77
1 4,380,177.38
fornia railroad grant__________________________
Proceeds of land and timber in Coos Bay wagon-
259, 320.81 2 259,320.81
road grant___________________________________
Power permits_________________________________
Fees from copies of records______________________
Royalties and rentals from potash deposits under
acts of Oct. 2, 1917, and Feb. 7, 1927____________
Sale of reclamation town sites___________________
Receipts from grazing lands, act of June 28, 1934—
Sale of standing timber, Alaska__________________
Miscellaneous (rent of land, royalties on coal leases
and fur farms in Alaska, trespasses on public
lands, sale of town lots, Alaska, proceeds of
43,883.46
15,065.00
12, 619. 32
4,788.44 40,477.23
14, 576.73
17,956.64
2 58,460.19
15,065.00
12, 619.32
‘ 63, 222. 31
« 24,135. 67
5,270.56
9, 718. 23
24,135.67
9, 718. 23
48,271. 34
5,270.56
Government property, etc.)___________________ 9,701.16 9, 701.16
Total___________________________________ _
Sales and leases of Indian lands__________________
633,869.60 2, 489, 538.05 1, 950,906.37 5,074, 314.02
s 120,085.60
Aggregate-............... —...............—— 5,194,399.62
1 First and fourth columns contain $26,786.26 royalties received in Wyoming under act of June 26, 1926.
2 It is estimated that this amount will be paid to certain counties in Oregon in lieu of taxes.
2 Twenty-five percent, $14,576.73, is payable to Coos County.
4 Receipts under act of Oct. 2,1917, amounting to $15,337.94, are credited to the reclamation fund; receipts
under act of Feb. 7, 1927, amounting to $47,884.37, are distributed as follows: 5214 percent to the reclamation
fund, 37H percent to State funds, and 10 percent to the general fund.
{ Half of this amount (25 percent of receipts) is appropriated for range improvement, etc.
« $21,224.02 of this is Red River oil royalty, of which 37 H percent ($7,959) is payable to Oklahoma and the
balance ($13,265.02) is credited to the Kiowa, Apache, and Comanche Indians.
REPAYMENTS
Under the repayment laws there were stated 68 accounts, allowing
repayment of $7,235.36, and 17 claims were denied. The claims
GENERAL LAND OFFICE 299
allowed included four accounts granting repayment of $1,034.35,
received in connection with sales of Indian reservation lands and
repaid from Indian trust funds.
HOMESTEADS
Actions taken.—Actions were taken as follows, in homestead cases:
On final homesteads, 7,189; on original homesteads, 8,015; on second
homesteads, 516; on applications for leaves of absence and extensions
of time, 2,507; and in amendment cases, 367.
In this class of cases reports of special agents were considered in
1,852 cases, of which 1,122 were adverse and 730 favorable.
HOMESTEAD ENTRIES IN NATIONAL FORESTS
Upon recommendation of the Department of Agriculture 888 acres
were restored to homestead entry under the act of June 11, 1906
(34 Stat. 233).
MISCELLANEOUS APPEALS IN EX PARTE CASES
Appeals in ex parte cases from actions of the registers, involving
applications and entries filed under the homestead, timber and stone,
and isolated-tract laws, were considered in 14,219 cases.
CONTESTS, OTHER THAN MINERAL CONTESTS
Approximately 1,350 contest cases other than mineral contests were
considered. Approximately 225 hearings were held. At the close of
the year about 200 contest cases were pending.
TIMBER AND STONE ENTRIES
Actions were taken in 20 cases on timber and stone entries and
63 cases on timber and stone sworn statements.
MINERAL LEASES AND MINING CLAIMS
Oil and gas leases.—During the year 1,080 cases were acted upon.
For the same period there were delivered to the lessees 52 leases,
embracing 35,123.52 acres, granted under section 14 of the leasing
act; 5 under section 17, embracing 1,879.18 acres, and 1 under section
20, embracing 30.85 acres.
One lease of 160 acres was sold under section 17 of the act on
September 30, 1935, in the Midway Oil Field, California, at a total
bonus of $1,490.
Action looking to the issuance of leases at public auction was suspended
from August 21, 1935, the date of the amendatory act (49
300 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Stat. 674), until May 7, 1936, when the regulations thereunder were
approved as Circular No. 1386, except where the publication of the
notice of sale had been commenced prior to the passage of the act.
During the year 6 leases were canceled in entirety.
Oil and gas prospecting permits.—April 23, 1935, the Secretary
granted a general extension of time on oil and gas permits to August
1, 1935, and on May 4, 1935, instructions were issued to suspend
action on all applications for oil and gas prospecting permits then
pending, or thereafter filed, pending legislation to amend the leasing
act.
During the year ended June 30, 1936, 1,050 oil and gas permits
were granted, embracing approximately 1,546,070.91 acres. Three
permits were reinstated. There were 489 assignments acted upon,
and 556 actions were taken on applications for extension of time.
Over the same period, 490 permits were held for cancelation and
104 were canceled; 359 applications were rejected in entirety and
533 in part. There were 6,325 other actions taken.
Coal.—During the year, there were issued 48 coal prospecting permits
covering 41,768.88 acres, 25 leases involving 3,083.86 acres; and
9 licenses for 270 acres. The total number of cases disposed of was
2,598.
Potash) sodium,) sulphur) and phosphate.—There were no potash
permits or leases issued during the year under the act of February
7, 1927 (44 Stat. 1057), pursuant to departmental orders nos. 799,
817, 854, and 914. However, six potash permits embracing 15,560
acres were issued in the previous year and not reported. One potash
permit was extended and 69 were canceled. There were issued 1
sodium lease for 681.72 acres and 20 sodium prospecting permits
involving 23,184.17. Twenty sodium permits expired by limitation,
one was amended, and five were canceled. No sulphur permits issued
during the year. One phosphate lease for 80 acres was issued and
one lease was amended. There were 610 cases disposed of during the
year involving the above minerals.
One hundred and ten leases, licenses, and permits issued for coal,
sodium, etc., involving 84,428.63 acres.
Mineral entries.—There were approved for patent 110 entries.
Mineral applications.—Three hundred and seventy-one mineral
applications were disposed of.
Mineral contests.—Exclusive of oil shale, Boulder Dam and Reservoir
project, and the San Gabriel Canyon claims, there were 271
mineral contests disposed of.
Oil-shale claims under patent proceedings.—Five mineral entries
for 31 claims were approved for patent.
Proceedings against mining locations.—Final action has been taken
on all the reports, except two, submitted on mining claims in conGENERAL
LAND OFFICE 301
fiict with the right-of-way for reservoir purposes in the San Gabriel
Canyon. All cases, except one contests, have been disposed of in the
Boulder Dam and Reservoir project. In the Metropolitan Water
District appropriate action was taken on 300 field reports.
RIGHTS-OF-WAY
One railroad right-of-way application was approved and 42 stock
watering reservoir applications were disposed of. In addition, in
other cases, 267 right-of-way applications were approved and 29 canceled.
Six hundred and twenty-two other actions were taken.
FEDERAL RECLAMATION PROJECTS
There are 39 Federal reclamation projects in 14 Western States, 22
of which are operated in whole or in part by irrigation districts and
water users’ associations. There are in addition five Indian reclamation
projects, the irrigation features of which are under the supervision
of the Office of Indian Affairs.
During the year 616 original reclamation homestead entries and
182 assignments of such entries were received, and 240 reclamation
entries were approved for patenting.
PRIVATE IRRIGATION PROJECTS
Two private irrigation projects were approved as dependable
sources of water supply for desert land entries.
DESERT LAND ACT
Seventy-three entries were approved for patenting under the
desert-land act.
CAREY ACT
Carey Act withdrawals and segregations amounting to 114,117.82
acres were considered, on which either final or interlocutory action
was taken.
PITTMAN ACT
Forty-three applications were received under the Pittman Acts of
October 22, 1919 (41 Stat. 293), and September 22, 1922 (42 Stat.
1012). Action has been taken in all but 19 cases.
SWAMP AND OVERFLOWED LANDS
Under the swamp-land acts, there were approved and patented
to the States 1,137.21 acres and claims for 23,030.58 acres were finally
rejected. New claims were asserted during the year for 2,575.62
acres.
302 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
STATE GRANTS AND SELECTIONS, EXCEPT UNDER
TAYLOR GRAZING ACT
New indemnity school land selections embracing 38,937.04 acres
were received during the year, and selections amounting to 154,187.62
acres were approved and title conveyed to the States. Such selections
involving 9,380.81 acres were canceled. New selections under
quantity grants to States, for specific purposes, embracing 3,664.81
acres, were received, and selections amounting to 99,715.23 acres were
approved and title conveyed to the States. Canceled selections
involved 80 acres.
Exchange selections were approved and patented to the State of
Michigan under the act of July 31, 1912 (37 Stat. 241), embracing
14,673.53 acres.
New selections under the exchange provisions of section 2 of the
Arizona Navajo Boundary Act of June 14, 1934 (48 Stat. 960), were
received involving 27,033.87 acres.
Applications for patents for granted school sections under the provisions
of the act of June 21, 1934 (48 Stat. 1185), were received,
embracing approximately 1,753,800 acres.
RAILROAD GRANTS AND SELECTIONS
Railroad and wagon-road listings and selections received, together
with those on hand, amounted to 85,783.10 acres; 4,265.78 acres were
certified or patented in lieu of such grants, and 90 acres of selections
were rejected.
REVESTED OREGON AND CALIFORNIA RAILROAD AND
RECONVEYED COOS BAY WAGON ROAD GRANT
LANDS
Transactions concerning revested Oregon & California Railroad
and Coos Bay Wagon Road grant lands for the fiscal year follow:
Restoration.—None of the revested Oregon & California Railroad
grant lands were restored to homestead entry, and 819.65 acres were
reclassified as timber land.
Timber sales.—Sixty-nine sales of timber on the revested Oregon
& California Railroad grant lands were made during the past year,
involving 4,528.03 acres of land, containing 158,665,000 feet, board
measure, of timber, for which the sum of $247,789.41 was received.
Total sales to June 30, 1936, 1,040, involving 124,695.63 acres, containing
2,967,628,980 feet, board measure, of timber for which a total
$6,870,999.49 have been received.
GENERAL LAND OFFICE 303
Eight sales of timber on the reconveyed Coos Bay Wagon Road
grant lands were made during the past year, involving 680 acres of
land, containing 29,580,000 feet, board measure, of timber for which
the sum of $58,196.41 was received. Total sales to June 30, 1936,
111, involving 18,300.78 acres, containing 731,112,000 feet, board
measure, of timber, for which a total of $1,681,361.62 has been
received.
Timber rights terminated.—Rights under timber patents were
terminated in 139 cases.
ABANDONED MILITARY RESERVATIONS
The sum of $5,069.29 was realized from the sale of lands in abandoned
military reservations and 17 patents for such lands were
issued.
ALASKA
Leases of public lands in Alaska for fur farming were approved
in 2 cases, 3 assignments of leases were approved, 5 leases were canceled,
and 5 applications for lease were rejected.
Five leases of public lands in Alaska for grazing were approved,
one assignment of lease was approved, and one lease was rejected.
Purchases of small tracts in Alaska for home sites or headquarters
were considered in 24 instances. Further action thereon awaits compliance
by the applicants with requirements under the regulations.
Trade and manufacturing site applications in Alaska were considered
in 20 cases and one patent was issued.
AVIATION LEASES
Two leases of public lands for public aviation fields were approved,
two applications were rejected, and appropriate actions were
taken in connection with 39 leases.
COLOR OF TITLE
The sale of improved or cultivated public lands held under color
of title for more than 20 years resulted in the issuance of 27 patents,
from which the sum of $4,147.62 was received.
Five patents issued for lands formerly involved in the boundary
dispute between the States of Texas and New Mexico, and the sum
of $346.38 was received therefrom.
Five applications were considered under the New Mexico Color of
Title Act of February 23, 1932 (47 Stat. 53), and nine Refugio
Colony cases were considered under the act of February 3, 1911 (36
Stat. 896).
98234—36------ 21
304 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
EXCHANGES OF PRIVATELY OWNED LANDS, EXCEPT
UNDER TAYLOR GRAZING ACT
Many acts of Congress provide for the extinguishment of private
holdings within national forests, parks, monuments, grazing districts,
and Indian reservations, by means of the exchange of Government
land for privately owned land. Twenty-five patents were issued and
title was accepted to 102,786.94 acres of land for inclusion in national
forests. One exchange was consummated whereby private ownership
of 2,560 acres of land within the Chaco Canyon National Monument
was eliminated. Three patents were issued pursuant to the act of
March 3, 1921 (41 Stat. 1225, 1239), which resulted in title to
77,763.53 acres of land being relinquished to the United States.
Applications for exchanges in the interest of consolidating Government
ownership within grazing districts were considered in 26 cases.
Four patents were issued pursuant to the forest lieu selection act.
One exchange was consummated under the act providing for the
consolidation of the Lincoln National Forest, N. Mex., and title in
behalf of the Government was accepted to 6,299.80 acres. Regulations
were issued to govern exchanges of public lands in the interest
of establishing migratory bird and other wildlife refuges. Thirty
patents were issued and title was accepted to 1,769.44 acres of land
in exchanges providing for the consolidation of Indian reservations.
INDIAN LANDS AND CLAIMS
During the year extensions of time for the cutting and removing
of timber on ceded Chippewa Indian lands in Minnesota were
granted on two contracts, and one contract was canceled.
The purchase of ceded Indian lands was considered in 862 cases,
resulting in the issuance of 168 patents from which the sum of
$56,632.45 was realized.
Homesteading on ceded Indian lands was considered in 3,594
instances and 296 patents were issued.
Allotments of lands to Indians required 415 actions and 249 trust
patents were reissued while 26 original trust patents were issued.
Claims by no/i-Indians for lands within confirmed Indian pueblos
in New Mexico were considered in 750 cases and 712 patents were
issued.
PRIVATE-LAND CLAIMS
Action on private-land claims provided for by many acts of Confess
passed in the early history of the Government required 259
acti'”r.s and 44 patents were issued.
GENERAL LAND OFFICE 305
SOLDIERS’ ADDITIONAL HOMESTEAD RIGHTS
Rights granted in certain cases to Civil War veterans, their
widows, and minor children required 382 actions and 7 patents were
issued.
TIMBER
One hundred and fifteen letters and reports involving sales of dead,
down, or damaged timber were considered. The sum of $3,872.75
was realized from such sales.
The free use of timber under permit was considered in 89 cases.
TOWN LOTS AND TOWNSITES
Town-site matters were considered in 44 cases with 2 patents issuing,
while town-lot sales were considered in 746 instances with 205 patents
issuing, from which the sum of $26,089.42 was realized.
TRESPASS
The amounts accepted in settlement for trespasses on the public
lands, together with the number of instances in which trespasses were
considered, are as follows: 214 coal trespasses, $6,759.22; 554 timber
trespasses, $9,332; 17 grazing; 7 gravel; 1 fire; 1 rock; and 1 turpentine
trespasses.
MISCELLANEOUS CASES CONSIDERED
Other actions were taken and patents issued as follows: Cemetery
applications, 13, with 1 patent issuing; drainage, 67, with 3 patents
issuing; military bounty land warrant cases, 22, with 7 patents issuing;
park applications, 5, with 2 patents issuing; preemption applications,
15, with 2 patents issuing; quitclaim deeds, 7 issued; riparian
ownership, 1, with 1 patent issuing; scrip, 5, with 3 patents issuing;
small holding claims, 33, with 3 patents issuing. In the Mud Lake
cases, Minnesota, 19 claims for relief under the act of June 26, 1934
(48 Stat. 1440), were approved for sums aggregating $31,324.89.
Four patents were issued under special acts.
WITHDRAWALS AND RESTORATIONS
One new driveway was established and 11 driveways were reduced,
resulting in the withdrawal of 320 acres and the release of 17,917
acres from former withdrawals.
The tables which follow give the estimated total areas in outstanding
withdrawals and classifications as of June 30,1936, other than the
genera] withdrawals made by Executive orders of November 26, 1934,
and February 5,1935:
306 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Withdrawals other than mineral withdrawals and classifications
Total area
withdrawn
June SO, 1936
Stock driveways---------------------- 9, 743, 599
Recreational area withdrawals- 284, 111
Air-navigation sites----------------- 32, 085
Carey Act segregations------------ 174, 817
Reclamation withdrawals-------- 21, 712, 696
-San Carlos irrigation project
(Indian)_______________ 136,860
Fort Hall irrigation project
(Indian)_______________ 114,720
Fort Peck irrigation project,
Montana------------------------- 204, 720
Bonneville Dam, Oregon-Washington_________________
79, 080
Water-power reserves (non-Indian)__________________
5,180,591
Reservoir and well sites---------- 254,130
Public water reserves________ 495, 028
Los Angeles water supply1---- 866, 365
Mizpah-Pumpkin Creek grazing
district---a.------------------------ 25, 124
Grazing withdrawals (not including
withdrawals under
Taylor Grazing Act)---------- 3,425,840
Grazing districts under Taylor
Grazing Act____________ 79, 805,186
Total area
withdrawn
Ju ne 30, 1936
Oregon-California and Coos
Bay unrestored timber land- 1, 245, 832
For forest exchange with New
Mexico___________________ 681, 000
For game and bird refuges---- 162, 701
For national-forest purposes— 139, 640
For national parks and monuments__________________
3, 943, 413
For New Mexico-Arizona Indian
consolidation--------------- 1, 134, 972
For agricultural experiment
stations_______ 309, 734
For flood and erosion control- 9, 870
For State game refuge classification_________
44, 000
For recreational classification- 42, 348
For irrigation-power classification______________
____ 30,880
For archaeological classification____________________
11,297
Cooperative lookout stations— 767
For miscellaneous purposes---- 1, 644
Total________________ 130,293,050
1 Includes Owens River-Mono Basin grazing district.
MINERAL WITHDRAWALS AND CLASSIFICATIONS
A summary of the outstanding mineral withdrawals and classifications
as of June 30,1936, is as follows:
Withdrawn Classified
Ooal ____________ -_____________________________
Acres
26,971, 813
5,168, 593
5,989,949
1, 889,601
9,411,906
Acres
33,276,103
71,884
4,081,208
302, 219
Oil _ _______________ _______ _____ - --- ---------
Oil sbaP1- ____________________________ _______ _______
Phosphate -- ________________________ --___ _____ _
Potash „________ ___ ---------- -------------------------------------------------------
Total ______________________________ ____ 49, 431,862 37,731,414
The area of the withdrawn oil land, shown above, includes 13,578
acres withdrawn as a helium reserve. The figures given include much
land which has been patented with or without a reservation of minerals.
The areas so patented have not been computed. However,
some or all minerals have been reserved in patents aggregating
40,641,782 acres issued under the stock-raising and other laws, for
lands not withdrawn or classified as valuable for minerals, as well as
for lands so withdrawn or classified.
GENERAL LAND OFFICE 307
TABLES
The following tables show the facts as to entries made, patents
issued, etc., during the fiscal year:
Original entries, 'fiscal year of 1936
Public land Indian land
Number Acres Number Acres
Homesteads:
Stock raising_________ _ .__ ._____ ____________ __ 767
39
56
9
338
307, 299
10,152
6, 656
676
32, 674
45
3
35
19,032
738
4,843
Enlarged- _________________________ - -. -_____
Reclamation__________ ____________________________
Forest _ ___ ______ _ ___ _ __ _ ____
Sec. 2289, et al______________________________________ 21 1,586
Total homesteads____________ ____________________ 1,209
25
67
1
134
114
357,457
2,964
37, 261
440
104
1
26,199
Deserts - _____________________________________ - 40
State selections
Railroad selections ________________ __ _ _ _ __
Applications and filings
Miscellaneous____________________ ____________________ 1,470 2 3
Total_____________________________________________ 1,550
107
399, 592
26, 242
107 26, 242
Indian land as above_ _______ ____ ____ _ ______ __
Grand total ______________________________________ 1, 657 425, 834
Final entries, fiscal year of 1936
Public land Indian land
Number Acres Number Acres.
Homesteads:
Stoek raising________________________________________ 3,345
451
181
44
21
1,179
1,503, 502
117,127
16,283
3, 765
1,743
124, 281
147
188
26
57,150
35,138
2,277
Enlarged _______ _________ ____________________ ___
Reclamation. ______________________________________
Forest___ _________________________ _______________
Commuted.. _________ ________________________ .. 27
66
2,727
Sec. 2289, et al___________ _____ ____________ ________ 8,093
Total homesteads ________________________________ 5, 221
81
2
15
103
607
1,766, 701
11,355
120
1,131
6,144
19, 265
454
2
105, 385
Deserts.. _ _________ ______________ _____________ _ 193
Public auction. _______ _______________________________
Timber and stone ___________ . _ ____ __
Mineral. ____________ -_____ - -__ ___________ 6
257
4,106
Miscellaneous . __________________________________ - 23,126
Total__________ . ______ _ __ _ -_ . _______ 6, 029
719
1,804,716
132,810
719 132,810
Indian land as above ______________ ____ _ ___
Grand total _______________________ ___ ___________ 6, 748 1,937, 526
308 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Patents and certificates, fiscal year of 1936
Homesteads:
Stock raising.........
Enlarged_________
Reclamation______
Forest____________
Sec. 2289, et al_____
Total homesteads.
Deserts_______________
Public auction________
Timber and stone_____
Mineral__________ ____
Railroad______________
Miscellaneous_________
Total patents____
Certified to States_____
2,470, 587
Number Acres
3,332 1, 590,678
540 127,154
236 20,904
56 5,219
1,146 123,182
5,310 1,867,137
72 14,196
184 21,781
22 2,121
108 14,866
6 4, 270
2, 536 292,313
8,238 2,216,684
253,903
Grand total.
State grants—Areas patented or certified in fiscal year 1936
State
Swampland
patents
School
section
indemnity
certifications
Quantity
grant
certifications
Exchange,
act of
July 31,
1912
Alabama......... . 1,625
2,877
89, 203
Arizona______ 129, 706
California____ 127 341
538
220
172
80
Florida_______
Iowa_________
Louisiana_____
Michigan_____ 14, 932
State
Swampland
patents
School
section
indemnity
certifications
Quantity
grant
certifications
Exchange,
act of
July 31,
1912
Montana____ 1,484
New Mexico .. 19, 985 6,010
Utah_________ 1', 556
Wyoming___ 1,116
Total.... 1,137 154,188 99,715 14,932
Railroad grants—Land approved in fiscal year 1936 for patent or certification
State Acres
TO CORPORATIONS
Atlantic & Pacific (now Santa Fe Pacific)....________________________
Central Pacific____________________________________________________
Do............................ .................................................... .........................................
Total___ ____ ________________________________________________
New Mexico_______
California_________
Nevada___________
240
3,155
871
4, 266
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
(Wal ter C. Men de nh al l , Director)
During the fiscal year 1936 the aggregate expenditures for which
the Geological Survey was responsible amounted to about $4,620,000,
as compared with nearly $5,328,000 during the preceding year. These
aggregates were made up of the regularly appropriated funds, the
cooperative funds from States, counties, and municipalities, the funds
transferred from other departments of the Government for types of
work falling within the Survey’s field, and the emergency funds
derived chiefly from the Public Works Administration and devoted
largely to mapping of various types, to construction of stream-gaging
stations, to conservation work on public landsj and in a lesser degree
to the study of mineral resources.
Although there was a decline from the preceding year in aggregate
funds available, the fiscal situation has nevertheless improved,
because the Congress, in view of the decreasing availability of emergency
funds, had increased the regular appropriation to $2,285,500
from the $1,631,000 of the preceding year and before the end of the
fiscal year 1936 had provided a little more than $2,800,000 for the
fiscal year 1937.
As a part of our informal service to the public, 5,000 tests of
mineral and rock samples were made and over 1,200 chemical analyses
were completed.
Between 18,000 and 19,000 square miles of new area was surveyed
in the field topographically. This work will yield 139 new contoured
topographic maps of areas in 43 States. In addition, by the aid of
aerial photography, 31,600 square miles was surveyed for the production
of base maps without contours.
Congressional interest in the inadequate rate at which mapping is
proceeding was clearly indicated during the second session of the
Seventy-fourth Congress. This interest was expressed in the form
of Senate Resolution 281, introduced by Senator Hayden, of Arizona,
calling upon the Secretary of the Interior to submit to the Seventyfifth
Congress a report and plan for the completion of the mapping
of the United States.
With this better fiscal situation, it has been possible to resume, on
a more nearly normal scale, the regular services of the Geological
Survey; to improve the personnel situation, which was acute 3 years
309
310 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
8go; and again to issue a gratifying volume of Survey products in the
form of reports and maps, thus supplying to the Nation the results
obtained by the Survey’s skilled staff.
Fifty book publications of the Survey’s regular series, aggregating
nearly 9,000 pages of printed matter, dealing with geology, mineral
resources, and water supplies, were issued during the year, and
about 700,000 copies of 281 topographic and other maps were
printed. A new geologic map of Colorado, long in demand, came
from the presses, and substantial progress was made toward the completion
of the geologic map of Texas.
There were 50 geologic parties in the field in 35 States. The field
investigations on several continuing projects were completed, and it
was possible to initiate a number of new investigations, such as
systematic studies of the alunite deposits at Marysvale, Utah, of
the lead and zinc deposits of the Metaline district, in Washington,
and of the granites of the Northeastern States.
Measurements of stream flow were maintained at 3,163 streamgaging
stations. All the States, the District of Columbia, and Hawaii
are affected by this work. A report on the droughts of 1930
to 1934 and a series of notable flood studies resulting from cooperation
with other Federal agencies were published during the year.
The work on underground waters, so important in the droughtstricken
areas, was continued, much of it in cooperation with the
States, and some 50 reports on this topic, many of them informal,
were released for public use.
In the land-classification and mineral-leasing activities of the Survey
substantial progress was made, although insufficient personnel
and expanding mining activities rendered inadequate our work in
safeguarding the Government’s interest as owner of great resources
in coal, oil and gas, potash, phosphate, and other minerals. The
situation will be improved in 1937 as a result of more liberal provision
for this work by the Congress. Despite the handicaps, 317,000
acres of public lands were classified as nonoil, nearly 200,000 acres
were defined as within “known geologic structures” in accordance
with the requirements of the mineral land leasing act of 1920, and
technical supervision was given to over 8,000 mineral properties on
public lands containing oil and gas, nearly 700 containing coal, and
170 containing other minerals, also to nearly 5,600 oil and gas leases
on Indian lands.
An event of particular interest during the year was the retirement
of Dr. T. W. Stanton, chief geologist, on September 30, 1935, at the
age of 75. Dr. Stanton was appointed to the staff of the Geological
Survey in 1889 and hence had spent 46 years in the Government
service. His special field had been the paleontology of the Cretaceous
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 311
system, but his accurate work on stratigraphy gave special validity
to his age determinations and early made him the chief reliance of
the geologists of this continent on the relations of the rocks of this
system. Dr. Stanton was long in charge of the important section of
paleontology and stratigraphy in the geologic branch, and in this
position he exercised a valuable influence on the development of our
concepts of stratigraphic relationships in the United States and
through his chairmanship of the committee on geologic names guided
procedure in this difficult field for many years. He became chief
geologist on February 1, 1932, and retained this position until his
retirement. Dr. G. F. Loughlin, long in charge of the section of
metalliferous deposits, succeeded Dr. Stanton as chief geologist and
was in turn succeeded as chief of the metalliferous section by Dr.
D. F. Hewett.
GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE YEAR’S ACTIVITIES
Geologic work.—Fifty field parties were active during the year, and work
was done in 35 States. Most of the Federal field projects financed with funds
from the Public Works Administration were completed before the beginning of
the fiscal year, but some further studies were made in the gold-bearing areas of
the Southeastern States and in the quicksilver field of Arkansas. Work was
continued throughout the year on the metal-mining districts of Colorado,
Idaho, and New Mexico and the oil and gas region of Kansas, in cooperation
with the States, and some further assistance was given to the Arizona Bureau
of Mines in its survey of the Tombstone district. Physiographic and geologic
studies were made in the Yosemite, Sequoia, and Zion National Parks, in cooperation
with the National Park Service. Several major projects begun in
1935 were continued, and toward the end of the year new major projects were
begun in the Marysvale district, Utah, the Metaline district, Washington, and
some of the leading granite districts of the Northeastern States. Areas of
forest lands were geologically examined foi’ the Forest Service, and dam and
reservoir sites were examined for the Office of Indian Affairs and the Natural
Resources Board. Increasing attention was given to fundamental “borderland”
problems involving geology, chemistry, and physics. More than 5,009 tests
of mineral and rock samples were made, including 1,225 chemical analyses in
connection with the Geological Survey’s projects and 1,065 tests for persons not
officially connected with the Survey. Many tests were made of bleaching clays,
two deposits of which are now being developed commercially, largely as a result
of tests made in the Survey’s laboratory. Temperature measurements of deep
wells were made in nine States, mainly in oil fields.
Explorations in Alaska.—In the field season of 1935 seven field projects were
carried on in Alaska, two of which were primarily topographic and five primarily
geologic. The usual general survey of recent mining developments and
the collection of mineral statistics were continued. Five field projects for the
season of 1936 were under way at the end of the fiscal year, and two additional
geologic projects were planned to begin early in July. These will be continued
throughout the open season.
Topographic mapping.—The area covered by new topographic surveys, resurveys,
and revision amounted to 18,555 square miles, representing 139 topographic
maps with contours. The topographic mapping was done in 43 States.
312 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
There was also a large increase in the area covered by planimetric maps
without contours, resulting from aerial photography, w’hich covered 31,654
square miles in eight States. In addition, aerial photographs were used as
bases for topographic mapping in 20 quadrangles. Stereoscopic plotting apparatus,
utilizing single-lens aerial photographs, as a practical demonstration
of the use of such equipment in connection with topographic mapping, is being
extensively applied in the mapping of the Tennessee River Basin in cooperation
with the Tennessee Valley Authority. The sectional transportation map
of the United States being made for the Bureau of Public Roads was continued
with increased output. The maps of Florida, in 12 sections; New Hampshire,
in 2 sections; Maine, in 6 sections; and Vermont, in 2 sections, were published.
These transportation maps on the scale of about 4 miles to 1 inch
show transportation routes of all kinds in a variety of co.lors.
Investigations of water resources.—The water-resources branch collected and
made available for publication stream-flow records at 3,163 river-measurement
stations on rivers in the 48 States, the District of Columbia, and the Territory of
Hawaii, obtaining thus authentic information on the behavior of streams in
drought, in flood, and in normal conditions—information which is invaluable
for intelligent planning of projects for use or control of the surface water
supply. It investigated underground water supplies in 21 States and Hawaii
and obtained basic information on the occurrence, quantity, and quality of underground
water supplies which is essential for the development, conservation,
and use of ground water upon which a large part of the population of the
country must depend. In collaboration with the Mississippi Valley Committee
of the Public Works Administration, and with the assistance of special advisory
committees of the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American Geophysical
Union, studies were made of floods in the United States, with especial
reference to their magnitude and frequency, and of the relation of rainfall
and run-off in the United States, and the results were published in Water-
Supply Papers 771 and 772. The favorable reception of these two reports indicates
that they have filled a need for computations of flood data and for interpretations
of the relation of rainfall and run-off. The drought studies have
been continued. Investigations of stream-flow and silt movement of streams in
eight projects of the Soil Conservation Service and similar studies on the Colorado
River have also been continued. Monthly and annual reports on the production
of electricity for public use and the consumption of fuel in generating
the electricity were made. Engineers of the branch had general supervision
of operation of permits and licenses of the Federal Power Commission in connection
with 145 projects. Investigations of the water problems along the international
boundary between the United States and Canada were continued for
the State Department. The collection of information on recent outstanding
floods was started. A report on the thermal springs in the United States and a
report on ground-water levels and artesian pressures in the United States up
to January 1, 1936, were completed and sent to the printer. About 50 reports
giving the results of technical investigations relating to ground water were
released. Analyses, partial or complete, were made of 1,481 samples of water
from surface and underground sources with reference to the suitability of the
waters for industrial and agricultural use and for domestic use (not related
to questions of health).
Classifying and leasing public land.—The conservation branch made 4,917
formal findings of technical fact involving the mineral resources, water power,
or storage possibilities of public lands; classified 317,766 acres of public land
as nonoil in character; added 46,174 acres to outstanding water-power reserves
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 313
and eliminated 10,934 acres therefrom; defined the “known geologic structure”
of 13 producing oil and gas fields, amounting to 196,304 acres; completed 1,615
miles of river-utilization surveys and 520 square miles of reservoir surveys in
public-land States; supervised operations and activities under 151 power projects
licensed by the Federal Power Commission and 317 permits and grants
from the Interior Department; supervised on public lands 8,332 oil and gas
holdings involving 3,849 productive wells, 694 coal properties, 95 potash properties,
40 sodium properties, 26 sulphur properties, 9 phosphate properties, and
1 oil-shale property; supervised on naval petroleum reserves 23 leaseholds, involving
533 productive oil and gas wells, and on Indian lands 5,583 leaseholds,
involving 4,356 oil and gas wells, 36 lead and zinc properties, 109 coal properties,
1 asphalt property, and 1 lime phosphate property; assisted hundreds of oil and
gas permittees and operators in preparation of unit plans of development and
operation; acted on 279 such plans; and assisted in the formulation of regulations
under the act of August 21, 1935.
Publications.—The publications of the year comprised 50 pamphlets in the
regular series, covering a total of 8,901 pages; 114 new or revised topographic
and other maps; 167 reprinted topographic and other maps; and several pamphlets
for administrative use. Among the notable book publications were
professional papers on the Gold Hill mining district, Utah, the Montezuma
quadrangle, Colorado, the minerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill, N. J., and
the pre-Cambrian rocks of the Lake Superior region (with a revised geologic
map) ; bulletins on the San Juan region, Colorado, the Book Cliffs coal field,
Utah, the Casto quadrangle, Idaho, the Bellefonte quadrangle, Pennsylvania,
the southern Alaska Range, the Salt Valley anticline, Utah, the Monument
Valley-Navajo Mountain region, Utah, and the Coastal Plain of South Carolina;
and water-supply papers on water utilization in the Snake River Basin, ground
water in south-central Tennessee, droughts of 193(U34, floods in the United
States, and relations of rainfall and run-off in the United States. Besides the
regular publications, 31 brief papers wTere issued in mimeographed form as
memoranda for the press.
The engraving division printed more than 701,000 copies of maps and did
repay work amounting to about $208,000 for more than 75 other Government
units and State governments.
Not e .—Detailed tabular statements are given at the end of the report.
GEOLOGIC BRANCH
SUMMARY
Fifty field parties were actively at work during the year, and work
was done in 35 States. Most of the Federal field projects for which
funds had been allocated by the Public Works Administration were
completed before the beginning of the fiscal year 1936. Small balances,
however, remained in the allotments for continuing the mapping
of gold-bearing areas in the Southeastern States (project 183),
and additional work was done in Georgia and the Carolinas. A brief
reexamination of the Arkansas quicksilver field (project 184) was
also made. Preliminary reports covering many of the Federal projects
have been released as press notices and submitted to State
organizations and technical journals for publication.
314 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Work was continued throughout the year on metal-mining districts
in Colorado, Idaho, and New Mexico, and in the oil fields of Kansas
in cooperation with the States. The geologic map of Colorado,
embodying the results of 10 years of cooperative work, was published.
Further assistance was rendered to the Arizona Bureau of Mines in
a survey of the Tombstone district. Physiographic and geologic
studies were made in the Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks,
Calif., and in the Zion National Park, Utah, in cooperation with the
National Park Service.
Several of the major projects begun in 1935 were continued in
1936, and toward the end of the year new projects were begun in the
Marysvale district, Utah, the Metaline district, Washington, and
some of the leading granite districts of the Northeastern States.
Field work in the Comstock district, Nevada, was nearly completed.
Work for other Federal organizations included the geologic examination
of forest lands for the Forest Service and of dam and reservoir
sites for the Office of Indian Affairs; also the furnishing of
maps and information to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation
and the Securities Exchange Commission, the Procurement Division
of the Treasury Department, and the Architect of the Capitol.
WORK OF THE YEAR BY STATES
Alabama.—Geologic mapping was continued in the Russellville and other
brown iron ore districts in eastern Alabama, including parts of Franklin, Butler,
Cleburne, Clay, and Lowndes Counties, and in the manganiferous iron ore area
in Cherokee County. A report on the red iron ore formation in northeastern
Alabama is well advanced. A press notice giving some results of the investigations
for ceramic and bleaching clays in the State was issued, and a more detailed
report on clays in Alabama will be included in a report to be published
by the Survey on clays in the Southern States. Work on gold in Alabama is
mentioned under Southern Appalachians.
Arizona.—A preliminary report on the geology and ore deposits of the Ajo
quadrangle was transmitted to the Arizona Bureau of Mines for publication, and
a complete report is in preparation for publication by the Survey. Further field
examinations were made in the Tucson area in connection with the detailed
report in preparation on the geology and mineral resources of the area and in
the Tombstone mining district in informal cooperation with the Arizona Bureau
of Mines.
Arkansas.-—The manuscript of a report on the geology and mineral resources
of the western portion of the Arkansas coal field and one on the quicksilver
deposits of Arkansas have been completed for Survey publication, and one on
the geology of the Arkansas bauxite region was transmitted to the Arkansas
Geological Survey. A paper on the stratigraphy of the Arkansas-Oklahoma coal
basin has been submitted for publication in the Bulletin of the American Association
of Petroleum Geologists. David White’s report on fossil plants from
the Stanley shale and Jackfork sandstone in southeastern Oklahoma and western
Arkansas was completed and submitted for publication as Professional
Paper 186-C, and studies were continued on the Morrow formation of Arkansas
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 315
and Oklahoma, on the stratigraphy of the Bloyd shale near Fayetteville, and
on the manganese carbonate deposits of the Batesville district. A preliminary
paper on Radiolaria in the Arkansas novaculite, Caballos novaculite, and Big
Fork chert, and a paper on unusual oolites from the Brentwood limestone near
Fayetteville were submitted for outside publication.
California.-—Studies of the geomorphology of the Sequoia National Park
and its environs were made in cooperation with the National Park Service,
and an outline of the geologic history of Sequoia National Park and a map
of the Pleistocene glaciers in and adjacent to Yosemite National Park were
prepared for the Park Service. Geologic studies of the San Andreas rift and
of the Death Valley region were continued. Field studies were conducted
on the structure, stratigraphy, and oil resources of the lower Tertiary strata
in Reef Ridge, in the Coalinga region; on the oil resources and subsurface
structure and stratigraphy of the Mountain View and Edison fields, near
Bakersfield; on diatom-bearing deposits of the Monterey and Temblor formations
in the vicinity of Bakersfield and Coalinga; and on the Monterey shale
problem, and additional field data were obtained in the Kettleman Hills oil
and gas fields and on the north slope of the San Pedro Hills.
Several reports on the Kettleman Hills oil and gas fields are in preparation,
including one on the lithologic descriptions of the subsurface sections, status
of wells and zonal correlation, and economic phases; another on the stratigraphy
and paleontology of the North Dome; and another on the general
geology and oil resources of the Kettleman Hills. A detailed report on
mineral resources in the region tributary to the Boulder Dam is in press as
Bulletin 871. Papers were submitted to the American Association of Petroleum
Geologists on Miocene stratigraphy and paleontology of the Palos Verdes Hills,
and the proportion of organic matter converted into oil in the Santa Fe Springs
field.
Colorado —Cooperation was continued with the Geological Survey Board of
the State of Colorado and the Colorado Metal Mining Fund in investigations
of mining regions of the State. In the San Juan area of southwestern Colorado
mapping was continued in the Ouray, Sneffels, and Red Mountain districts
and the La Plata Mountain region. Investigations were continued in
the Cripple Creek area, the Jamestown district, the Nederland tungsten district,
and other areas in the Front Range, and in the Alma and Horseshoe
districts in the Mosquito Range. The new geologic map of Colorado, embodying
the results of 10 years of cooperative work, was published by the United
States Geological Survey. Cooperative reports on ore deposits in the vicinity
of the London fault, and on the general geology and mineralization of the
Snowmass area, Gunnison County, were completed during the year and will
be published as bulletins of the Survey.
A preliminary report on the resurvey of the geology and ore deposits of the
La Plata district was submitted to the Colorado Scientific Society for publication.
Scientific papers resulting from the cooperative work include Crystallization
of Granodiorite Magma (based largely on studies in the Ouray district),
Structure of pre-Cambrian Granites in Central Boulder County (American
Geophysical Union), Thrusting in Huerfano Park, Colo., and Related
Problems of Orogeny in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains (Geological Society
of America), and Structure and Mineralization along the London Fault (American
Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers). Investigations of dam
sites on the Pine River in La Plata County were made for the Office of
Indian Affairs. A paper on stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous rocks north
of the Arkansas River in eastern Colorado will be published in the Survey’s
316 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Contributions to General Geology. A report on the Dawson and Laramie
formations in the southeastern part of the Denver Basin, Colo., will be published
in the Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists.
District of Columbia.—A report on gravel and sand in the District of Columbia,
resulting from studies made under a Public Works Administration allotment,
has been completed and will probably be published as a bulletin of the
Survey. A geologic map of the District of Columbia, with descriptive text,
is in preparation for Survey publication.
Florida.—A preliminary report on some clays in Florida was issued as a
memorandum for the press, and a more detailed report covering investigations
will be included in a Survey bulletin on clays in the Southern States. The
Tampa and Suwannee limestones are being studied in informal cooperation with
the State of Florida. A short paper on additions to the molluscan fauna of
the Alum Bluff group will be published by the Florida Geological Survey.
Georgia.—Geologic mapping was done in the Coastal Plain region of Georgia,
in informal cooperation with the State, for the purpose of revising the geologic
map of the State. A paper giving the general results of a preliminary investigation
of the Georgia bleaching clays was published by the Division of Geology
of Georgia. Work on the gold deposits of Georgia is mentioned under Southern
Appalachians.
Idaho.—In cooperation with the Idaho Bureau of Mines, field work was continued
in the Murray, Warren, and Florence mining districts, in the Coeur
■d’Alene region, and the Boise Basin, and progress was made in the preparation
of reports on the Boise Basin, Thunder Mountain, Edwardsburg, Yellow Pine,
and Warren mining districts. A party including Survey geologists made an
expedition down the gorge of the Salmon River, and a paper on the results of
this exploratory trip, entitled “Idaho’s river of no return”, was submitted to the
National Geographic Society. A paper on the geomorphology of south-central
Idaho was submitted for publication by the Geological Society of America. A
detailed investigation of the geology and mines of the Dickey or Borah Peak
quadrangle was begun, and a brief field examination was made in the vicinity
of Idaho Falls and Blackfoot for the purpose of reviewing the geology of those
areas in connection with the preparation of a report on the geology and mineral
resources of the Paradise Valley and Ammon quadrangles.
Illinois.—The complete report on investigation by geologic mapping and
geophysical studies of the Cave-in-Rock and Rosiclare districts, southeastern
Illinois, is in course of preparation for Survey publication. A preliminary report
on the Cave-in-Rock fluorspar reserves was transmitted to the Illinois
Geological Survey, and a paper on geologic interpretations of fluorspar reserves
in the Illinois-Kentucky field was presented at an industrial conference at
Rosiclare. Some progress was made toward bringing to completion the report
on the Pottsville flora of the eastern interior basin, mainly in Illinois, a cooperative
project with the State, left unfinished by the late David White
Indiana.—A paper on the flora of the New Albany shale is mentioned under
Kentucky. The report on the Pottsville flora of the eastern interior basin is
mentioned under Illinois.
Kansas.—Under a cooperative agreement with the Kansas Geological Survey
an investigation was made of the limestones of Mississippian age found in deep
wells in the eastern and southeastern parts of the State. The report on geologic
investigations of the Shoestring oil-bearing sands of Greenwood and Butler
Counties was transmitted to the Kansas Geological Survey for publication.
Work in the Kansas portion of the lead and zinc area is mentioned under
Oklahoma.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 317
Kentucky.—A press memorandum giving some preliminary results of the
investigation of bleaching and ceramic clays of Kentucky and western Tennessee
was issued. A more detailed report of these investigations will be included
in a Survey bulletin on clays of the Southern States. The Calamopityeae
and Their Relationships, which will form part 2 of the series on the flora of
the New Albany shale, was sent to the printer for publication as Professional
Paper 18&-E. Samples were collected from Lower and Upper Elkhorn coals
from Pike County for the purpose of making a study of the effect of regional
metamorphism.
Work on the Pottsville flora and on fluorspar in Kentucky is mentioned under
Illinois.
Maryland.—Studies of the geology and mineral resources of Frederick County
were continued in cooperation with the Maryland Geological Survey, and a
paper on revision of the age of the limestone of Frederick County was presented
at a meeting of the Geological Society of America. The new excavations
along the Chesapeake-Delaware Canal were intermittently examined as the
work progressed. The results of the studies of structural materials, chiefly
sand and gravel deposits, of eastern Maryland adjacent to Baltimore, will be
published as a Survey bulletin. Three papers were presented for outside publication
under the following titles: Are the Maryland Terraces Warped? Structure
of the Coastal Plain of Southern Maryland, and Some Fossil Conifers
from Maryland and North Dakota.
Minnesota.—Some granite and limestone quarries around St. Cloud and
Mankato were examined.
Mississippi.—In the study of the areal and structural geology of the Jackson
area, the mapping of the Morton, Pelahatchee, Florence, and Jackson quadrangles
and a part of the Raymond quadrangle was completed. Some preliminary
results of these studies were published in two papers—Upper Cretaceous
and Lower Tertiary History of the Jackson Area (Journal of the Washington
Academy of Sciences), and Factors Affecting the Geologic History of the
Jackson Area, and Carboniferous Rocks at Jackson (Bulletin of the American
Association of Petroleum Geologists). A report on the preliminary investigation
of the bleaching clays of Mississippi was submitted to the Mississippi Geological
Survey. A detailed report on the clays of Mississippi will be included
in a Survey bulletin on clays of the Southern States.
Missouri.—A paper on correlation of the Upper Cambrian sections of Missouri
and Texas with the section in the upper Mississippi Valley will be published
in the Survey’s Contributions to General Geology.
Montana.—Geologic mapping for the purpose of completing geologic studies
of the Little Rocky Mountain region and making a study of the oil, gas, and
mineral resources of the mouniains and adjoining area, including the gold deposits
in the vicinity of Landusky, was begun in the later part of the year.
Continued field studies were made of the Tertiary and Pleistocene faulting in
Granite and Lewis and Clark Counties, of the glacial geology and physiography
of western Montana and the Glacier National Park, of gold placers of the
Pioneer district in Powell County, and of gold-placer operations in the vicinity
of Helena and at Virginia City. Reports are in preparation on the geology and
ore deposits of the Libby quadrangle, the Pioneer gold district, faults in southwestern
Montana, fossil plants from the Fort Union and associated formations,
and glacial geology and physiography of western Montana and the Glacier
National Park. A report on the geology and mineral resources of north-central
Chouteau, western Hill, and eastern Liberty Counties was completed and will be
published as Bulletin 847-F.
318 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Nevada— The resurvey of the Comstock lode, at Virginia City, begun in 1935,
was nearing completion at the end of the fiscal year, and further geologic mapping
was carried on in the Hawthorne and Tonopah quadrangles, where a detailed
study of the geology and ore deposits is being made. Reports on the
underground geology of the Tonopah, Tuscarora, Chief, and Delamar districts
have been submitted for publication by the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology,
and one on the Searchlight district is in preparation. A short paper on
sedimentary magnesite in the Boulder Dam region was submitted to the Society
of Economic Geologists, and one on the scheelite-leuchtenbergite vein in the
Paradise Range to the Mineralogical Society. Work in the Boulder Dam
region is mentioned under California.
New Mexico— Studies of the geology and mineral Resources of the Little Hatchet
Mountains, begun in 1935, were continued. Field investigations of the Mancos
and Mesaverde formations around the southern edge of the San Juan Basin
were made in connection with a report on conditions of sedimentation in this
area, and a preliminary field survey of the geology of the Potash Mines area
was completed. A report on the Magdalena district, nearly completed, will be
published by the Survey. A paper on the subject of potash in general, with
special emphasis on New Mexico-Texas Permian deposits and development, will
be published by the Texas Bureau of Economic Geology, and one on the Permian
formations of the Pecos Valley, New Mexico and Texas, was submitted to the
American Association of Petroleum Geologists.
New York— Further field investigations were made of the gas resources and
geologic structure of the Greenwood, Hornell, Woodhull, and Wellsville quadrangles,
south-central New York, and of gas resources and structure of fields
in western New York that produce gas from the Medina sandstone. The
report on the structure and gas possibilities of south-central New York was
under way. Additional studies were made of the geology of the Millbrook
quadrangle, New York-Connecticut, and a field study was made of the stratigraphy
and fossil flora of the Genesee shale and Genundewa limestone in
western New York.
North Carolina.—Studies of Miocene and Pliocene deposits were continued,
and a paper on some deep wells near the Atlantic coast in the Carolinas and
Virginia will be published as Professional Paper 186-1 in the Survey’s series
of Contributions to General Geology. Gold investigations in North Carolina are
mentioned under Southern Appalachians.
North Dakota—A preliminary report on the geology and coal resources of the
Minot area was issued as a press memorandum. A more detailed report is in
preparation as a Survey bulletin. The Survey’s Contributions to General
Geology will include a paper on American Cretaceous ferns of the genus
Tewpskya (Professional Paper 186-F). Work on Fort Union fossil plants is
mentioned under Montana, and work on fossil conifers under Maryland.
Oklahoma.—Work in the tri-State lead and zinc area of northeastern Oklahoma,
southeastern Kansas, and southwestern Missouri included detailed areal
mapping and considerable underground mapping of individual mines. Field
investigations were made of the petroleum possibilities, structure, and stratigraphy
of the Black Knob Ridge and adjacent areas and in the Ouachita Mountains.
Reports were in progress on the geology, coal resources, and oil and gas
possibilities of the Lehigh district (Bulletin 874-B), on the Wilburton-Howe-
Heavener coal area, the geology and fuel resources of the Quinton-Scipio district,
the fauna of the Moorefield formation, the fauna of the Sycamore limestone, and
the flora of the coal fields of eastern Oklahoma. Papers on the correlation of
the Bluejacket sandstone and the stratigraphy of the Arkansas-Oklahoma coal
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 319
basin have been submitted for publication in the Bulletin of the American
Association of Petroleum Geologists.
Oregon.—A bulletin on the metalliferous deposits of the Cascade Range is in
preparation for Survey publication.
Pennsylvania.—Reports are in preparation on the geology and mineral resources
of the Honeybrook and Phoenixville quadrangles and on the York and
Hanover quadrangles, the latter in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Survey.
A paper on the study of regional metamorphism in the Lower Kittanning coal
beds of western Pennsylvania is also in preparation for Survey publication.
South Carolina.—Studies of the Pliocene and Pleistocene material along the
intracoastal canal were made and a paper prepared for publication. The investigation
of clays in South Carolina will be incorporated in a bulletin on clays of
the Southern States to be issued by the Survey. Gold investigations in South
Carolina are mentioned under Southern Appalachians.
South Dakota.—The collection of field data for the revision of the geologic
map of South Dakota was completed and the first draft of the map was
submitted for editing.
Southern Applachians.—A report on the gold deposits of the southern Appalachians
is in preparation for Survey publication. This includes areas in Virginia,
North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama, field work for which
was done under a Public Works Administration allotment (Federal projects
158, 165, 174, 176, and 183). The results of brief field investigations made this
year in Franklin and Stanley Counties, N. C.; Lancaster and Chester Counties,
S. C.; and the Dahlonega district, northern Georgia, will be included in the
report.
Tennessee.—Assistance was rendered to the Tennessee Valley Authority in
examination of marble deposits and iron ores of the Norris Basin and inspection
of dam sites of southeastern Tennessee. A preliminary report on bleaching and
ceramic clays of Tennessee was included in a press notice on clays in Kentucky
and Tennessee. Further details will be included in a Survey bulletin on clays
in the Southern States.
Texas—A report on stratigraphic, structural, and paleontologic studies of the
Pennsylvanian and Permian rocks of north-central Texas was sent to the Texas
Bureau of Economic Geology for publication. A monograph on the Navarro
fauna and reports on the brown iron ores of eastern Texas, the Shafter silver
district, the Terlingua quicksilver district, and the geology of the southern
Guadalupe Mountains were in progress. Papers on stratigraphic relations of
the Austin, lower Taylor, and related formations in Texas (Professional Paper
186-G) ; a redescription of Roemer’s Paleozoic types from Texas (Professional
Paper 186-M) ; and new Upper Cretaceous Ostreidae from the Gulf region
(Professional Paper 186-A) were submitted for the Survey’s Contributions to
General Geology. Field work was continued in a study of the stratigraphic
geology of the Sierra Diablo. Potash work is mentioned under New Mexico. A
description of the clays of the San Antonio area will be included in the report
on clays in the Southern States.
Utah.—In the early part of the fiscal year a field study of the coal resources
and oil and gas possibilities of the Hanksville-Cainsville district was begun, and
in the spring of 1936 this study was extended to include the structure, igneous
rocks, mineral resources, and physiography of the adjoining Henry Mountains.
Some additional work was done in the Randolph quadrangle for the purpose of
bringing up to date a report on the geology and mineral resources of this quadrangle
begun some time ago. Reports were in preparation on the geology and
structure of southeastern Utah, the geology of the area between the Green and
98234—36------ 22
320 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Colorado Rivers in Grand and San Juan Counties, a geographic and geologic
reconnaissance of southwestern Utah, and the Bull Valley iron-ore area. A
descriptive text for the back of the topographic map of the Zion National Park
was prepared. A paper on the geologic structure of southeastern Utah was
submitted to the American Association of Petroleum Geologists for publication
and one on new light on the orogenic history of central Utah was published by
Science. A report on the Cottonwood-American Fork mining district was completed
and has been forwarded for editing and publication.
Vermont—A. study of the metamorphic rocks in eastern Vermont, in cooperation
with the Geological Society of America, was under way. Work was begun
on the granites in connection with a study of the granites of New England.
Virginia.—Reports are in preparation on zinc deposits of southwestern Virginia
and the origin of titanium deposits. A preliminary report on the gold
deposits of the Virginia Piedmont was submitted for publication by the State.
A paper on mineralization of the Virginia titanium deposits was published by
the American Mineralogist, and another on the relation between structure and
ore deposition in the Roseland titanium district was published by the National
Research Council. Work on gold is mentioned under Southern Appalachians.
Washington—Field work on the areal geology and mineral deposits of the
Metaline quadrangle, Pend Oreille County, was begun late in the fiscal year.
West Virginia—A. field study was made of the coals in the Kanawha, New
River, and Pocahontas fields. A report on manganese deposits of eastern West
Virginia was published by the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey.
Wyoming — Field studies of the petroleum and coal resources of the Ishawooa-
Pitchfork area, in Park and Hot Springs Counties, the geology and
mineral resources of the Afton quadrangle, and the physiography and glacial
geology of parts of Park County were in progress. Work in the Randolph
quadrangle is mentioned under Utah. A report on the structure and stratigraphy
of the Black Hills rim is in preparation.
WORK IN CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
Borderland problems involving geology, chemistry, and physics
have been given increasing attention. Chemical analyses are made
to determine the composition of rocks, ores, and minerals, and physical
tests involve measurements of temperature, strength, optical behavior,
and many other physical properties; but the most valuable
results in geology are obtained by correlating all the factors involved
in each particular problem. Thus ores are analyzed chemically not
only to determine their metal content but to aid the geologist in the
interpretation of their origin and concentration; deep-well temperatures
are studied to aid in determining the previous history of the
strata and to throw light on the physical conditions under which
earth processes take place; the atomic structure of minerals is studied
to explain their action in affecting natural waters, oil, and oreforming
solutions.
Among materials analyzed in the laboratory during the year were
clays from South Carolina and other States, bauxite from Arkansas,
phosphate rock from Florida, igneous rocks, mainly from western
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 321
mining districts, bentonite from several States, iron ore from Alabama,
mercury ore from Texas, garnet from Georgia, arseniosiderite
from California, hornblende and ankerite from Georgia, phlogopite
from North Carolina, topaz and chloritoid from South Carolina,
uraninite from Idaho, and xenotlite from Mexico. Experiments
were made to explain the origin of magnesite deposits, and spectrographic
tests were made on different minerals, concentrates, and
coals.
During the year 5,081 examinations or tests of minerals and rock
samples were made, compared with 4,236 in 1935. These included
1,063 specimens tested and identified for persons not officially connected
with the Survey, 1,225 chemical analyses made for geologists
in aid of general geologic projects, and 678 similar analyses made in
connection with studies of methods of analysis and geochemical investigations
relating to the formation and alteration of minerals under
natural conditions. The remaining 2,115 tests related to core samples,
well cuttings, and other samples.
Among the more important items of work in physics were the testing
of activable clays in Mississippi and Alabama, two deposits of
which are being developed commercially, largely as a result of the
tests made in the Survey laboratory. Geothermal surveys of deep
wells were made in New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Alabama,
Mississippi, Oklahoma, Arkansas, New Mexico, and California.
Two wells tested in California had reached depths of more than 9,000
feet and temperatures considerably above the boiling point of water
at sea level. The physical properties of serpentine from several localities
were studied to explain its origin and uses. Several classes of
geologic data were subjected to correlation and elaborate mathematical ~
discussion.
The following papers were completed during the year:
Adsorption and pycnometry (Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences).
Monticellite from San Bernardino County, Calif., and the monticellite series
(American Mineralogist).
Volcanological boron compounds (Transactions of the American Geophysical
Union).
Rock temperatures and depths to normal boiling point of water in the United
States (American Association of Petroleum Geologists).
Tables of temperature, geothermal gradient, and age of a nonradioactive
earth (Bulletin of the Geological Society of America).
Nephelometric determination of fluorine (Industrial and Engineering
Chemistry).
Tests of some chemical reagents for lead (National Research Council).
Sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate (American Institute of Mining and
Metallurgical Engineers).
Acid and base—their role in history, geology, health, and industry.
322 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
ALASKAN BRANCH
The work of the Geological Survey in Alaska is directed primarily
toward aiding in the development of the mineral resources of the
Territory and involves field examinations of the various factors that
pertain to the character, distribution, and development of these
resources, and laboratory and office studies by which these field observations
are analyzed and the results made available to the public
through reports, maps, and other media. In addition to the funds
regularly appropriated by Congress for this work, a small balance
remaining from funds previously granted through the Public Works
Administration was utilized in completing the compilation and publication
of maps of portions of southeastern Alaska under Federal
project 69. The work of the branch, in addition to serving the prime
purpose of assisting in the development of the mining industry, is
used extensively by Government organizations engaged in other
special fields of investigation within Alaska, such as the Forest
Service, the Alaska Road Commission, and the Biological Survey.
The Survey’s maps of Alaska are indispensable in any enterprise
concerned with the development of the Territory.
Manuscripts and publications.—During the year four reports and four maps
(one a reprint) have been published. In addition 13 manuscript reports, including
maps, and 1 separate manuscript map have been completed by the
authors and are in various stages of critical review, proof, or preparation for
publication. One map is in press. At the end of the year four manuscript
reports and four maps were partly completed.
Work of the year.—In addition to the routine duties, seven principal projects
involving new field work were carried on during the season of 19o5. lhe field
projects included five that were principally geologic and two that were primarily
topographic. The geologic projects involved field work in the Alaska
Range region, east of the Richardson Highway and north of Slana; the central
and southern part of Kodiak Island; and the Tikchik Lake district of southwestern
Alaska; a general study of the permanently frozen ground as affecting
mining developments in central and western Alaska, especially in the Fairbanks
and Nome districts; and a general study of recent mining developments
in the larger camps adjacent to the Alaska Railroad, the Yukon River, and
Seward Peninsula. The topographic projects included the continuation of surveying
and mapping in the Admiralty Island area of southeastern Alaska, west
of Juneau, and in the Alaska Range region, especially in the Tok Valley and
adjacent parts of the Tanana region.
Two projects not directly involving new field work were the continuation of
the compilation of drainage maps of portions of southeastern Alaska from
airplane photographs taken by the Navy Department and the annual canvass of
the production of mineral commodities.
In order to utilize effectively the short open season, the Geological Survey
parties usually begin work in the spring as early as climate and other conditions
permit. The beginning of work in the field season of 1936 was somewhat
delayed owing to the late passage of the appropriation act carrying funds
for this work. However, one party left for the field late in April and most
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 323
of the others in May, and at the end of the fiscal year these parties were out
of touch by ordinary means of communication, so that it is not practicable to
give here more than a summary of the work that it is expected they will
accomplish.
Seven field projects have been authorized for the season of 1936, and their
completion, with the. essential office work, will occupy all the time until the
spring of 1937. These projects include four geologic investigations, two topographic
mapping projects, and the usual study in the field of mining conditions
and mineral production of the Territory. The four geologic projects include a
continuation of the investigation of the geologic features and mineral resources
of part of the Alaska Range lying near the head of the Copper River and forming
part of the watershed between the river and tributaries of the Tanana
River; investigations of mining developments and mineral production in the
principal placer camps of the upper Yukon, including Eagle, Circle, Fortymile,
and adjacent areas; a study of the principal mining camps adjacent to the
Alaska Railroad in central Alaska; and investigation of the mineral resources
of the Glacier Bay area, including Glacier Bay National Monument, southeastern
Alaska. The two topographic field projects include the continuation of
surveying and mapping in the Admiralty Island area of southeastern Alaska,
west of Juneau, and in the Alaska Range region, especially in the vicinity of
the Robertson and Gerstle Rivers.
TOPOGRAPHIC BRANCH
GENERAL OFFICE WORK
Necessary office work incidental to the field work of the topographic
branch consisted in the inking, inspection, and editing of
the completed topographic field sheets prior to their submission for
reproduction and the computation and adjustment of the results of
control field work.
The status of topographic surveys shows that the country as a
whole is now 47.1 percent mapped, the year’s increment amounting
to 0.4 percent. The area covered by topographic base maps without
contours, prepared from aerial photographs after field examination,
was largely increased.
FIELD SURVEYS
Abbreviations for projects used below: Federal Emergency Administration
of Public Works, “P. W.”; Tennessee Valley Authority,
•‘T. V. A.”; Federal Emergency Relief Administration, State projects,
“F. E. R. A.” Cooperation with States was continued in about
the same amount as in recent years.
AlabcmMi.—Mount Hope 15' quadrangle (P. W.) completed. Mapping without
contours from aerial photographs completed for 7%' quadrangles within Iuka,
Allsboro, Burleson, Gravelly Springs, Barton, Belgreen, Muscle Shoals, Erin,
Tuscumbia, Russellville, Haleyville, Rogersville, Town Creek, Mount Roszell,
Hillsboro, Danville, Veto, Decatur, Hartsells, Hazelgreen, Talucah, Oleander,
Plevna, Gurley, Guntersville, Snead, Blountsville, Larkin, Larkinsville, Albert324
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
ville, Attalla, Fackler, Hollywood, Portersville, Keener, Long Island, and Valley
Head 15' quadrangles (T. V. A.) and begun for 7%' quadrangles witbin Mount
Hope 15' quadrangle (T. V. A.).
Arizona.—Payson No. 3 15' quadrangle and Grand Canyon National Monument
(P. W.) completed and Payson No. 4 15' quadrangle (P. W.) begun. Summit
Valley No. 4 15' quadrangle completed at request of Forest Service.
Arkansas.—Caddo Gap No. 1 and Caddo Gap No. 2 15' quadrangles (P. W.),
and North Little Rock No. 4 7%' quadrangle (P. W.), completed.
California.—In cooperation with the county surveyor of Los Angeles County,
Mount Emma, Alder Creek, Mount Gleason, and Trail Canyon 6' quadrangles
completed; Crystal Lake, North Baldy, Pine Mountain, and Mount Waterman
6' quadrangles begun. In cooperation with the State engineer of California,.
Sebastopol 15' quadrangle and San Bernardino No. 1 and San Bernardino No.
2 7%' quadrangles completed; Tobias Peak 30' quadrangle continued and San
Bernardino No. 4 7%' quadrangle begun. In preparation for geologic mapping
Kreyenhagen Hills 7^' quadrangle completed. Burney and Paynes Creek 30'
quadrangles (P. W.) completed.
Colorado.—In cooperation with the city of Denver, mapping without contours
from aerial photographs begun for East Denver 2c, East Denver 3b, West Denver
Id, and West Denver 4a 7%' quadrangles. Leadville No. 3 15' quadrangle
(P. W.) completed; Leadville No. 2 and Buena Vista No. 2 15' quadrangles and
Chattanooga mining area (P. W.) begun.
Connecticut.—Montville 7%' quadrangle (P. W.) completed.
Delaware.—Wilmington and vicinity (P. W.) completed.
Florida.—Villa Tasso, Holley, and Point Washington 15' quadrangles (P. W.)
completed.
Georgia.—Thomaston 15' quadrangle (P. W.) completed. East Ridge 7JX>'
quadrangle (T. V. A.) begun. Mapping without contours from aerial photographs
completed for 7%' quadrangles within Rock Spring, Sugar Valley, Spring
Place, Burton, Rabun Gap, Rossville, Trion, Long Island, and Valley Head 15'
quadrangles (T. V. A.).
Idaho.—Borah Peak 30' quadrangle (P. W.) completed; Yellow Pine No. 2
and Washington Creek No. 2 15' quadrangles (P. W.) continued, and Logan No.
3 15' quadrangle (P. W.) begun. For the Forest Service, Mackay 30 quadrangle
completed. At the request of the Office of Indian Affairs, Pocatello No. 2 15'
quadrangle was begun.
Illinois.—Delavan, Keithsburg, and Miles 15' quadrangles completed; Mount
Carroll, Shelbyville, Lena, and Stewardson 15' quadrangles continued; Savanna,
New Douglas, Tuscola, and Elizabeth 15' quadrangles begun in cooperation with
the Department of Registration and Education of Illinois, Geological Survey.
Lovington, Arcola, Pontiac, and Watseka 15' quadrangles (P. W.) completed and
Ashmore 15' quadrangle (P. W.) begun.
Indiana.—Oolitic 15' quadrangle (P. W.) completed.
Kentucky.—Horse Cave 15' quadrangle (P. W.) completed. Mapping without
contours from aerial photographs completed for 7%' quadrangles within
Paducah, Viola, Mayfield, Benton, Smithland, Murray, Eddyville, Golden Pond,
and Blood 15' quadrangles (T. V. A.).
Louisiana.—The Louisiana Board of State Engineers cooperating, mapping
without contours from aerial photographs completed for 7%' quadrangles
within Santo, Bond, Mamou, Fenton, Simmons, De Quincy, Hecker, Nezpique,
Aubrey, Glenmora, Kipling, and Rena 15' quadrangles.
Maine.—St. Croix 15' quadrangle and Acadia National Park (P. W.) completed.
Mars Hill 15' quadrangle completed.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 325
Maryland.—Leonardtown 15' quadrangle (P. W.) completed.
Massachusetts.—In cooperation with the Department of Public Works, Division
of Waterways, Mount Toby, Williamsburg, Scituate, 7%' Duxbury, Shirley,
Pocasset, Cohasset, Abington No. 2, Whitman, Hanover, Nantasket, Greenfield
No. 1, and Greenfield No. 4 7%' quadrangles completed. Boston Bay, No. 3,
Warwick No. 2, Warwick No. 3, Dedham No. 1, and Dedham No. 2 7%' quadrangles
begun. Millbury and Ayer 7%' quadrangles (P. W.) completed.
Michigan.—In cooperation with the State Highway Department of Michigan,
mapping without contours for aerial photographs begun for 7%' quadrangles
within Rochester, Mount Clemens, Hicky, Armada, Port Huron, Almont, Milford,
and Pontiac 15' quadrangles. Ithaca and Cement City 15' quadrangles
(P. W.) and Berkey 7%' quadrangles (P. W.) completed, and Swanton No. 2
7%' quadrangles (P. W.) begun.
Minnesota.—Rochester 15' quadrangle (P. W.) completed.
Mississippi.—Edwards 15' quadrangle (P. W.) completed. Mapping without
contours from aerial photographs completed for 7%' quadrangles within
Burnsville, Candler, Iuka, Allsboro, and Burleson 15' quadrangles (T. V. A.).
Missouri.—In cooperation with the Geological Survey and Water Resources
of Missouri, Ava, Herman No. 3, Thornfield, Kearney, and Barry 15' quadrangles
and Butler 3d 7%' quadrangle completed; Franks, Edgar Springs, Big Piney,
Fielden, Richland, Buffalo, Fordland, Long Lane, Protein, and Niangua 15'
quadrangles and Knobnoster No. 4 7%' quadrangle continued; Independence
No. 1, Springfield No. 3, Knoblick, Bradleyville, Vienna, Middlebrook, Bolivar
No. 2, Warsaw No. 3 S%, Hannibal, and Louisiana No. 4 15' quadrangles and
Springfield 3b 7%' quadrangle begun; and cultural revision completed for
Alton SW., St. Charles SW., and St. Charles SE. 7%' quadrangles. Warsaw Id,
Warsaw 1c, Warsaw 2d, Warsaw 3a, Warsaw 4a, Warsaw 4b, Gravois Mills
No. 3, Eldon No. 3, Versailles 3br and Liberty 7%' quadrangles (P. W.) completed
and Warsaw 2c and Warsaw 3b 7%' quadrangles (P. W.) begun.
Morrison and Sullivan No. 2 15' quadrangles (F. E. R. A.) completed.
Montana.—Jennings 30' quadrangle (P. W.) completed and Silver Tip 30'
quadrangle (P. W.) begun. Dupuyer No. 3 15' quadrangle completed for the
Office of Indian Affairs.
Nebraska.—Seward No. 4 15' quadrangle (P. W.) completed.
Nevada.—Gold Creek No. 4 15' quadrangle and Comstock Lode district
(P. W.) completed. At the request of the Forest Service, Gold Creek No. 1
15' quadrangle completed and Gold Creek No. 2 15' quadrangle begun.
New Hampshire.—Whitefield (P. W.) and Lovewell Mountain 15' quadrangles
completed.
New Jersey.—Weehawken, Ramapo No. 2 and Ramapo No. 3 7%' quadrangles
(P. W.) completed.
New Mexico.—Hillsboro Peak No. 1 and Arabela No. 4 15' quadrangles (P. W.)
completed. In preparation for geologic mapping Queen No. 3 quadrangle
completed.
New York.—Poughkeepsie 15' quadrangle continued, West Point 15' and
Tarrytown 17%' quadrangles begun, in cooperation with the Department of
Public Works of New York. Chenango Forks, 7%' Binghamton, Gansevoort,
7%' Schuylerville, Fort Miller, Corinth, and Weehawken 7%' quadrangles
(P. W.) completed.
North Carolina.—Earner 15' quadrangle (P. W.) completed; Blowing Rock
15' quadrangle (P. W.) continued. Mapping without contours from aerial
photographs completed for 7%' quadrangles within Robbinsville, Cullasaja,
Caesars Head, Democrat, Edneyville, Tigersville, Bushnell, Wayah Bald, Le
326 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Conte, Bryson, Cataloochee, Fines Creek, Waynesville, Halewood, Biltmore
Arden, Farner, Hot Springs, Newport, and Limestone 15' quadrangles (T. V. A.)
and begun for 7%' quadrangles within Haw Knob 15' quadrangle (T. V. A.),
North Dakota.—Dunseith and Kempton No. 2 15' quadrangles (P. W.) completed,
McVille 15' quadrangle (P. W.) continued, and Alcide 15' quadrangle
(P. W.) begun.
Ohio.—In cooperation with the county commissioners of Lucas County, Whitehouse,
Berkey, Grand Rapids, Swanton No. 2, Swanton No. 3, and McClure
No. 2 7%' quadrangles completed. Tontogany, Reno by the Lake, Walbridge,
and Genoa 7%' quadrangles (P. W.) completed.
Oregon.—Disston 30' quadrangle, Crater Lake National Park, and Squaw
Butte ranch (P. W.) completed. At the request of the Forest Service, Crescent
30' quadrangle completed.
Pennsylvania.—In cooperation with the Department of Internal Affairs of
Pennsylvania, Topographic and Geologic Survey, Sheffield, Kinzua, and Mount
Jewett 15' quadrangles completed. Loleta, Mattawana, and Slatington 15'
quadrangles begun. Allensville, Hawley, Needmore, and Steubenville 15' quadrangles
(P. W.) completed.
Rhode Island.—East Providence and Providence No. 1 7%' quadrangles
(P. W.) completed.
South Carolina.—Mapping without contours from aerial photographs begun for
7%' quadrangles within Woodford, Spartanburg, Hopkins, Sumter, Edmund,
Rimini, Cowpens, St. Matthews, and Elloree 15' quadrangles (F. E. R. A.).
South Dakota.—Oacoma No. 2 15' quadrangle (P. W.) completed.
Tennessee.—Farmer 15' quadrangle (P. W.) completed. Conasauga No. 1 and
Conasauga No. 2 7%' quadrangles (T. V. A.) begun. Mapping without contours
from aerial photographs completed for 7%' quadrangles within Sequatchie,
Pikeville special, Daytou, Apison, Allardt, Spring City, Texas Knobs,
Blue Spring, Niota, Conasauga, Vonore, Greenback, Log Mountain, Middlesbcro,
Straw Plains, Sevierville, Tate Springs, English Mountain, Rogersville, Midway,
Hot Springs, Fall Branch, McEwen, Bold Spring, Dark Mills, Selmer,
Puryear, Hollow Rock, Wildersville, Warrens Bluff, Right, Adamsville, Faxon,
Zach, Holladay, Darden, Saltillo, Gillises Mills, Model, Tennessee Ridge, Waverly,
Bakerville, Beardstown, Flatwoods, Lutts, Hohenw’ald, Allens Creek, Iron
City, Dickson, Hampshire, Summertown, Pleasant Point, Blood, Fernvale, Lynnville,
Minor Hill, Franklin, Groveland, Culleoka, Aspen Hill, Nolensville, Eagleville,
Talley, Harms, Bellbuckle, Haley, Elora, Hollow Springs, Tullahoma,
Decherd, Smartt, Pelham, Mont Eagle, Altamont, Jasper, Dunlap, Lookout Mountain,
Mayland, Crossville, Deer Lodge, Roddy, Annadel, Harriman, Huntsville,
Oliver Springs, Wheat, Farner, La Follette, Coal Creek, Friendsville, McLean
Rock, Corryton, Shooks, Walland, Rutledge, Townsend, Newport, Limestone,
and Hazelwood 15' quadrangles (T. V. A.) and begun for 7%' quadrangles
within Centerville and Haw Knob 15' quadrangles (T. V. A.).
Texas.—Sanford and Longview No. 2 15' quadrangles (P. W.) completed.
Utah.—Elk Ridge and Theodore 30' quadrangles (P. W.) completed.
Vermont.—In cooperation with the State geologist of Vermont, Woodsville
15' quadrangle completed. Lyndonville and Whitefield 15' quadrangles (P. W.)
completed.
Virginia.—Charlottesville and Burkes Garden 15' quadrangles, Glen Allen
and Midlothian No. 4 7%' quadrangles, and Charlottesville and vicinity completed,
and Speedwell and Gerrardstown 15' quadrangles begun in cooperation
with the Conservation and Development Commission of Virginia, Geological
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 327
Survey. Amherst and Vesuvius 15' quadrangles (P. W.) completed. Mapping
without contours from aerial photographs completed for 7%' quadrangles within
Middlesboro 15' quadrangle (T. V. A.).
Washington.-—In cooperation with the Department of Conservation and Development,
Marcus 30' quadrangle continued, Yakima No. 3 and Yakima No.
4 15' quadrangles and Kittitas reclamation project begun. Newport 30' quadrangle
continued at the request of the Forest Service.
West Virginia.—Cultural revision completed for Steubenville 15' quadrangle
(P. W.).
Wisconsin.—Osseo 15' quadrangle (P. W.) completed and Arkansas 15' quadrangle
(P. W.) continued.
Wyoming.—Big Piney, La Barge, and Cokeville N% 30' quadrangles (P. W.)
and Grand Teton National Park completed. In preparation for geologic mapping,
Cokeville S% 30' quadrangle begun.
WATER-RESOURCES BRANCH
SUMMARY
The importance of water and of systematic records related to the
quality, chemical quality, and availability of both surface and ground
waters becomes increasingly greater each year. The growth of the
country in population and industry, with consequent increases in
demands for water, and especially the continued series of dry years
that included the disastrous and widespread drought of 1934, the
current drought of 1936, apparently of rivaling intensity, and the
dust storms that have continued in large areas of the central West,
have impressed on the people the controlling importance of water
in surface streams and in underground basins in relation to many
of man’s activities. The information collected by the Geological
Survey is used extensively by many Federal, State, and private
agencies. The Public Works Administration, the National Resources
Committee, and related activities have found the Survey records and
information with respect to water to be invaluable in studies of
projects of all classes and in all sections of the country and have
relied on these basic data for determining action on many projects.
Reliable information with respect to supplies of water, both on
the surface and in the ground, and to their fluctuations with variations
in rainfall, is essential to orderly, sound, and economic development
along many lines, as in domestic water supplies, irrigation,
flood protection, control of pollution, recreational uses, and waterpower
development. The work of the water-resources branch thus
occupies a position of great importance in the economic affairs of
the Nation.
The investigations by the branch are conducted largely in cooperation
with Federal bureaus; State, county, municipal, and other gov328
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
ernmental agencies; and permittees and licensees of the Federal
Power Commission. A major part of this cooperation is set forth
below.
Federal bureaus.—Investigations of ground and surface water and of the
quality of water were conducted, through advance, transfer, or repay of funds,
for the following Federal bureaus:
Department of Agriculture:
Bureau of Biological Survey.
Bureau of Plant Industry.
Soil Conservation Service.
Weather Bureau.
Department of Commerce: Bureau of Fisheries.
Department of the Interior:
Office of Indian Affairs.
Bureau of Mines.
Bureau of Reclamation.
Division of Grazing.
National Park Service.
Petroleum Conservation Division.
Department of Justice: Bureau of Prisons.
Department of State.
Federal Power Commission.
National Resources Committee.
Resettlement Administration.
Tennessee Valley Authority.
Veterans’ Administration.
War Department: Office of Chief of Engineers.
States.—Amounts aggregating $587,354.80 were made available by States and
municipalities for cooperative surface- and ground-water investigations. In
addition to the data obtained as a result of this cooperation, it is estimated
that other data valued at over $114,000 were furnished by individuals and
other organizations.
Permittees and licensees of the Federal Poicer Commission.—At the request
of the Federal Power Commission, 30 engineers of the branch have been designated
as representatives of the Commission to perform such field work as may
be assigned to them by the Commission. The operation of about 290 gaging
stations was conducted by the branch or was performed by permittees and
licensees under the supervision of the branch in connection with 111 projects
of the Federal Power Commission. Engineers of the branch have had general
supervision of operation under permits and licenses of the Federal Power Commission
in connection with 145 projects.
WORK OF THE YEAR, BY DIVISIONS
The division of surface water conducts investigations of surface
water, which consist of the measurement of the flow of rivers, conducted
in the 48 States, the District of Columbia, and Hawaii at
selected gaging stations where the volume of water is measured and
records of stage and other data are collected, from which the daily
discharge of the rivers is computed. In this work 44 States, the Territory
of Hawaii, several Federal bureaus, and several individuals
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 329
cooperated in the maintenance of the 3,163 regular gaging stations
that were in service at the end of the year. Records for about 114
additional gaging stations were received, ready for publication, from
Federal bureaus and from individuals. There were 42,157 regular
and miscellaneous discharge measurements made during the year.
The division of ground water investigates the waters that lie
below the surface in the zone of saturation (from which the wells
and springs are supplied); the source, occurrence, quantity, and head
of these waters; their conservation; their availability and adequacy
for domestic, industrial, irrigation, and public supplies and as
watering places for livestock and desert travelers; and the methods
of constructing wells and recovering water from them and of improving
springs. Each year surveys are made of selected areas
where problems of water supply are urgent, and the results are generally
published in water-supply papers that include maps showing
the ground-water conditions. The investigations relating to the
chemical composition of the water are made in cooperation with the
division of quality of water. Projects involving large expenditures
for wells to develop water supplies are considered each year by the
several departments of the United States Government, and the
ground-water division is called upon to furnish information and
advice on many of these projects. During the fiscal year work was
done in 21 States and Hawaii, in cooperation with 13 States or local
governmental agencies, the Territory of Hawaii, and other Federal
bureaus.
The division of quality of water analyzes water from surface and
underground sources with reference to the suitability of the waters
for industrial and agricultural uses and for domestic use (not related
to questions of health), so far as such use is affected by the dissolved
mineral water. The analysis (partial or complete) of 1,481 samples
of water, including some for many of the studies of ground water in
the different States and for most of the special investigations on
water supplies for specific projects, was completed during the year.
Close cooperation was continued with the division of ground water
in the study of problems relating to quality of ground water and
the preparation of the parts of ground-water reports that involve
consideration of the chemical character of the waters.
The work of the division of power resources comprises the preparation
of monthly and annual reports on the production of electricity
for public use and the consumption of fuel in generating the electricity
reported. The monthly reports also include, through cooperation with
the Bureau of Mines, comparative figures of the stocks of bituminous
coal and anthracite on hand at electric public utilities, comparison of
the monthly consumption of coal, and the number of days’ supply of
330 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
bituminous coal and anthracite on hand at the current rate of consumption.
The annual report for 1935 contains revised figures of the
monthly production of electricity and consumption of fuel previously
published in the monthly reports, a summary of the annual reports
from 1919 to 1935, the average annual rate of consumption of coal and
the coal equivalent of oil and gas in generating 1 kilowatt-hour of
electricity from 1919 to 1935, and the annual exports and imports of
electricity between the United States and Canada and Mexico for
certain years. A report on the capacity of water wheels in the United
States on January 1 was also prepared. The final report of the
monthly and annual production of electricity for public use in 1935
was released April 2, 1936. The annual report on the capacity of
water wheels in water-power plants in the United States was released
January 31,1936. The collection, compilation, and publication of the
monthly and annual reports of the production of electricity for public
use that have been carried on by the Geological Survey since 1919 will
be transferred to the Federal Power Commission July 1, 1936.
The division of water utilization investigates problems affecting the
utilization and control of the waters of streams, makes studies for the
interpretation of records of stream flow, and performs administrative
work relating to supervision and investigation of these problems and
to activities conducted by the field organization of this branch pertaining
to power projects of the Federal Power Commission and of
the Interior Department. The field work is generally conducted by
personnel otherwise assigned to the division of surface water. In
collaboration with the Mississippi Valley Committee of the Public
Works Administration, and with the assistance of special advisory
committees of the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American
Geophysical Union, studies were made of floods in the United
States, with especial reference to their magnitude and frequency, and
of the relations of rainfall and run-off in the United States, and the
results were published during the year in Water-Supply Papers 711
and 772. The favorable reception of these two reports indicates that
they have filled a need. The division has been active during the year
in investigations of water problems along the international boundary
between the United States and Canada for the State Department, and
also in the organization of the collection of information on recent
outstanding floods.
CONSERVATION BRANCH
The regular work of the conservation branch was severely handicapped
during the fiscal year by lack of funds. Many inspections of
operations were omitted, and loss in resources and in royalties has
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 331
resulted. Up to the end of the year 850 proposed unit plans of
development and operation had been submitted by Federal oil and gas
permittees for technical review and revision in compliance with departmental
requests. This review made necessary the temporary
assignment in Washington of field engineers at a sacrifice of field
personnel for regular duties. Detail of personnel for Public Works
operations in connection with river-utilization surveys, plugging
wells, and general rehabilitation has also retarded the normal functions
of the branch, but has made it possible to retain a highly trained
staff of engineers and scientists, who will resume more nearly normal
operations in the fiscal year 1937.
MINERAL-CLASSIFICATION DIVISION
The work of the mineral-classification division was restricted, as in
previous years, largely to office procedure, delayed in part by lack of
geologic information due to limited field investigations. The mineral-
classification activities of the division were further directed to
compliance with the assignment of the responsibility for determining
the areas subject to logical unitization under plans for unit or cooperative
development submitted by holders of Federal oil and gas prospecting
permits and leases. The only formal mineral classification
completed involved the classification of 317,766 acres in southern
Washington County, Utah, as nonoil in character. Coal lands in
Valencia County, N. Mex., amounting to 4,962 acres, were restored
from coal-land withdrawal. Action was taken on 500 requests for
information as to the mineral character of the land, 748 applications
for mineral permit, and 147 applications for mineral lease, involving
technical action; consideration was given to 1,176 assignments, coalpermit
extensions, lease and license authorizations; 105 decisions
were prepared for a departmental committee affecting extensions of
oil and gas prospecting permits and potash permits; and 731 permits
involved in plans for cooperative unit operation and development for
oil and gas fields or areas were considered. Technical reports were
submitted on 1,167 requests for classification as to oil; 90 right-ofway
applications were reviewed as to interference with coal, oil, gas,
potash, and other mineral deposits; and reports were made on 143
requests for oil-development status of Government lands. In all,
4,810 cases requiring technical consideration were disposed of in the
mineral-classification division during the year.
In addition, definitions of the “known geologic structure” of 13
producing oil and gas fields were prepared and promulgated as
follows:
332 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Definitions of “known geologic structure”, fiscal year 1936
State Field Date promulgated
Area
(acres)
Colorado__________
Montana__________
New Mexico______
North Dakota_____
Wyoming_________
Iles______________________________________________________
Cedar Creek (revision)-------- --------------------------------------------
Lea (revision)___________________________________________
North Lea---------.-------------------------------------------------------------
Northwest Lea__________________________________________
Cedar Creek__________________________________________ _
North Baxter Basin_____________________________________
South Baxter Basin (revision)_______________________ ;___
Hidden dome (addition)_________________________ _______
North Oregon Basin (revision)__________________________
South Oregon Basin (revision)-----------------------------------------
East Lance Creek field (revision)________________________
Lance Creek field (revision)_____________________________
Aug. 5,1935
Sept. 21,1935
Sept. 6,1935
____ do_______
____ do_______
Sept. 21,1935
Nov. 14,1935
____ do_______
Nov. 16,1935
Dec. 9,1935
____ do_______
Mar. 3,1936
____ do_______
1, 710
122,323
1, 281
1, 200
1, 560
27,013
7,031
15,463
280
4, 632
7,418
800
5, 593
The area of outstanding definitions of the “known geologic structure”
of producing oil and gas fields on June 30, 1936, amounted to
1,154,447 acres in California, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico,
North Dakota, Oklahoma, Utah, and Wyoming.
WATER AND POWER DIVISION
The work of obtaining basic information as to the water-power
resources and storage possibilities of public lands and of making it
available for use in the administration of public-land laws and by
Federal and other agencies engaged in planning, constructing, and
operating water-power projects was continued in the field, being
made possible by the extended availability of Public Works funds.
River-utilization surveys covering 1,615 miles of important streams
and tributaries were made in 11 public-land States. Surveys of
reservoir and dam sites embracing an area of 520 square miles were
also completed. Supplemental geologic and geophysical studies of
foundation materials and conditions were made at 16 dam sites.
Office activities included action resulting in the addition of 46,174
acres to outstanding water-power reserves in 13 public-land States
and the elimination of 10,934 acres from such reserves in 6 States,
with a net increase of the total reserved area in 22 States to 6,500,247
acres. The elimination of 40 acres from reservoir-site reserves left a
net total of 133,704 acres withdrawn. Two restorations of lands
withdrawn under the act of October 2, 1888, were also made. Field
supervision of power projects for the Federal Power Commission
involved investigations and reports on 11 projects, supervision of
construction and operation on 136 projects, and studies of cost accounting
on 4 projects. Field supervision of power projects holding
permits and grants from the Interior Department involved 317
projects.
Statistics compiled by the division show that the holders and users
of rights-of-way granted by the Secretary of the Interior for power
purposes had for the calendar year 1935 an aggregate installed
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 333
capacity of 4,861,046 horsepower, including 3,370,401 horsepower at
hydraulic plants and 1,490,645 horsepower at fuel plants, and an
aggregate energy generation of 7,961,000,000 kilowatt-hours, which
is an increase of about 15 percent over the production in 1934.
Revenues accrued to the Government from these grants aggregated
$221,166 from 1912 to 1935, and $15,045 additional has been assessed
for the calendar year 1936. Accrued charges for unauthorized occupancy
of public lands by power projects prior to the issuance of
licenses therefor by the Federal Power Commission amount to
$100,536 additional.
MINING AND OIL- AND GAS-LEASING DIVISIONS
The work of the mining and oil- and gas-leasing divisions, consisting
of inspectional and regulatory supervision of mineral prospecting
and development on public lands, Indian lands, and naval
petroleum reserves, increased notably in volume and in difficulty of
effective performance during the year.
Public lands.—The number of public-land properties under supervision
of the oil- and gas-leasing division increased 13 percent, to
a total of 8,332 involving 11,832,767.58 acres in 19 States and Alaska.
With the aid of funds allotted in 1933 by the Public Works Administration
and a similar allotment in the fiscal year 1936, the supervisory
force was maintained intact, though available only in part
for regular inspectional and regulatory work, and was enabled to
accomplish important conservational and remedial results outlined
more fully under the heading “Public Works projects.”
The work of the oil- and gas-leasing division has been vastly increased,
both in Washington and in the field, by the necessity of
assisting oil and gas permittees in fulfilling departmental requirements
for the submission of unit or cooperative plans of operation
and development involving permit acreage, and of reviewing and
revising the engineering and royalty features of such plans after
their submission. Six engineers from the field offices were temporarily
assigned to the Washington office to assist in the review of unit
plans, and three geologists from the geologic branch were given temporary
assignments to the mineral-classification division of the conservation
branch to assist in delineating the areas appropriately subject
to unitization under each plan submitted. The act of August
21, 1935 (49 Stat. 674), amending the mineral leasing law, has required
revision of all unit plans submitted for areas that can be
logically unitized. At the end of the fiscal year 1936 a total of 800
plans of unit or cooperative development for oil or gas pools, fields,
or areas involving public land had been filed with the Geological
Survey, of which 20 have been finally approved by the Secretary of
the Interior, 73 have been reviewed and returned to their proponents
334 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
for revision and resubmission, 186 have been rejected or withdrawn,
and 521 are awaiting technical consideration in the conservation
branch. The oil- and gas-leasing division assisted in formulating
regulations under the act of August 21, 1935 (49 Stat. 674). These
regulations were approved by the Secretary of the Interior on Mav
7, 1936.
Drilling activity on public lands during the year included the
spudding of 226 new wells and the completion of 314 others, 191 of
which were productive of oil or gas and 123 barren. The total
number of wells under supervision at the end of the year was 7,456 in
17 States and Alaska, including 3,849 capable of producing oil or
gas. The production of petroleum, natural gas, and natural gasoline
from public land in 1936 was substantially greater than in other
recent years, and the revenues accrued therefrom were materially
increased.
The mining division is charged with supervision of all operations
for the discovery and development on public lands of deposits
of coal, phosphate, sodium, potassium, and oil shale; in New Mexico
and Louisiana of sulphur; on certain land grants of gold, silver, and
mercury; and on restricted allotted and tribal Indian lands of all
minerals except oil and gas. This supervisory and regulatory work
during the fiscal year was accomplished through six field offices in
Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Utah, and through
a cooperative agreement approved May 4, 1935, with the Territory of
Alaska Mining Department.
Coal properties under supervision in 14 States and Alaska decreased
64, to 694; potash properties in 8 States decreased 109, to 95;
sodium properties in 7 States decreased 5, to 40; sulphur properties
in 1 State remained at 26. The number of phosphate properties
increased by 1, to 9, and the oil-shale lease remained at 1 in 1 State.
The total number of properties under supervision was 865, a decrease
of 177. The reduction in coal properties resulted from the Secrelary’s
instructions of January 24, 1934, and that in potash properties
from the Secretary’s orders 799, 817, 854, and 914. In prospecting
for the above-named minerals 12 bore holes were drilled during
the year.
Accidents to employees working in mines under departmental
leases are generally fewer than in competitive mines not on Government
lands, and it is gratifying to note that of the 51 awards made
to bituminous mines or to operators by the Joseph A. Holmes Safety
Association for the calendar year 1935 two were made to departmental
lessees, and one was made to one of the two potash mines in
operation in America. The use of safety appliances and safety
clothing is increasing generally throughout mines on Government
lands.
GEOLOGICAL. SURVEY 335
Indian lands.—On behalf of the Office of Indian Affairs technical
supervision of mineral development was continued in 1936 on tribal
and restricted allotted lands within the limits of numerous Indian
reservations. Oil ,and gas supervision involved 5,583 leaseholds,
4,356 wells, and aggregate royalty and rental accruals of $2,652,897.70
for Indian beneficiaries in 8 States and in 28 different tribes and
included royalty accounting for certain agencies, appraisals of bonus
and royalty offers and of pollution damages, assistance to lessees of
Indian land on operating problems and in the preparation of unit
plans of development, and assistance to agency officials and tribal
councils on technical phases of leasehold development and administration.
Mining supervision involved 36 lead and zinc leaseholds in the
Quapaw Reservation, Okla., with aggregate royalty accruals of $360,-
727.69, an increase of 74.7 percent from the preceding year; 56 coal
leaseholds involving Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Five Tribes lands in
Oklahoma, with an aggregate production increased from 465,780.95
tons in 1935 to 568,725.92 tons in 1936, and revenue accruals from
royalties, bonuses, and sale of coal lands amounting to $73,798.97; 1
asphalt lease involving segregated Choctaw and Chickasaw lands in
Oklahoma; 1 lime-phosphate lease involving restricted allotted Five
Tribes land in Oklahoma; and 53 properties in other States, 18 of
which are agency mines. It included also special investigations of
21 properties for minerals other than fuels.
Naval petroleum reserves.—On behalf of the Navy Department
supervision was continued during the year over operations for the
production of oil and gas within Naval Petroleum Reserves Nos. 1
and 2, in California, and for the conservation of shut-in production
within Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 3, in Wyoming. Production
from the California reserves aggregated 3,777,607.53 barrels of petroleum,
2,903,396 M cubic feet of natural gas, and 12,248,006.08 gallons
of natural gasoline and had an aggregate royalty value of $683,256.32.
Under a Works Progress Administration allotment of $9,913, approved
September 3, 1935, derricks were repaired, roads were built
and repaired, well sites fenced, and fire hazards removed from the
California reserves.
PUBLIC WORKS PROJECTS
Under the supervision of the conservation-branch personnel, aggregate
expenditures of $200,902.75 were made during the fiscal year
1936 from funds allotted by the Administrator of Public Works for
field investigation in conservation work pertinent to branch functions.
On 11 projects $146,783.76 was expended for river utilization
surveys of power and storage resources of important streams in
11 States. On 16 projects $54,118.99 was expended in 12 States
98234—36------23
336 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
in the plugging and abandonment or conditioning for use as a source
of water of numerous wells drilled for oil and gas on public lands
and thereafter improperly abandoned or merely deserted; in extinguishing
or controlling coal-outcrop fires and in filling, bulkheading,
or otherwise safeguarding abandoned mines or prospective openings
on public and Indian lands; and in surface studies of coal occurrence
and subsurface studies of oil and gas occurrence in Indian lands in
Oklahoma.
SUMMARY OF FIELD ACTIVITIES, BY STATES
Alabama.—Investigated oil and gas prospecting operations throughout the
State in aid of mineral classification. Examined 2 tracts in Tuscaloosa County
and 1 tract in Walker County for adjudication of conflicting mineral and nonmineral
filings and 1 tract in Colbert County for minerals. Supervised 1 lease
and 1 prospecting permit for oil and gas, and 1 coal lease.
Alaska.—Supervised 1 power project, 128 prospecting permits for oil and
gas, and 2 leases, 2 licenses, and 10 prospecting permits for coal.
Arizona.—Supervised 25 power projects; completed 150 miles of river-utilization
surveys on the Gila, Little Colorado, and Verde Rivers and tributaries;
and surveyed in detail 140 square miles in 8 dam and reservoir sites. Supervised
76 prospecting permits for oil and gas on public land and 1 oil and gas
lease on Indian land.
Arkansas.—Investigated oil and gas prospecting operations in southeastern
Arkansas and in the western part of the Arkansas Valley in aid of mineral
classification, and examined for minerals 1 tract in Franklin County. Supervised
1 power project. Supervised 8 prospecting permits for oil and gas.
California.—Investigated occurrence and use of carbon-dioxide gas in Imperial
County. Through the geologic branch examined land in the Castac Creek
area, Los Angeles County, for purposes of mineral classification. Supervised
92 power projects; completed 335 miles of river-utilization surveys on the
American, Kings, Trinity, Carson, and Yuba Rivers and Cache, Clear, and Putah
Creeks; surveyed in detail 70 square miles in 16 dam and reservoir sites; and
made detailed surveys of 10 dam sites. Supervised 215 leases and 1,160 prospecting
permits for oil and gas on public land and 23 leases on naval petroleum
reserves. Supervised 3 coal and 12 sodium permits, 1 sodium lease, and 3
potash leases.
Colorado.—Made an areal and structural reconnaissance of land in Archuleta
County for purposes of mineral classification. Supervised 12 power projects
; completed 41 miles of river-utilization surveys on the Little Snake and
Roaring Fork Rivers and tributaries; and surveyed in detail 4 square miles in 2
dam and reservoir sites. Supervised 30 leases and 632 prospecting permits for
oil and gas on public land and 6 oil and gas leases on Indian land. Supervised
on public land 85 leases, 15 licenses, 49 permits, and 5 awarded lease applications
for coal; 1 sodium lease; and 1 potash permit. Supervised on Indian
lands 2 agency coal mines.
Florida.—Investigated oil and gas prospecting operations throughout the
State and examined 1 tract each in Glades, Jefferson, and Lake Counties for
purposes of mineral classification.
Idaho.—Examined land in the Rainy Creek area, Bonneville County, for purposes
of mineral classification. Supervised 33 power projects; completed 120
miles of river-utilization surveys on the Coeur d’Alene, Moyie, and Snake
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 337
Rivers; and surveyed in detail 2 dam sites. Supervised 76 prospecting permits
for oil and gas; 1 lease and 15 permits for coal; and 2 phosphate leases.
Kansas.—Investigated oil and gas prospecting operations in western Kansas
in aid of mineral classification. Supervised 18 prospecting permits for oil and
gas.
Louisiana.—Investigated oil and gas prospecting operations throughout the
State in aid of mineral classification. Supervised 11 leases and 1 prospecting
permit for oil and gas.
Mississippi.—Investigated oil and gas prospecting operations throughout the
State and examined 1 tract each in Greene, Jackson, and Pearl Counties. Supervised
1 prospecting permit for oil and gas.
Montana.—Supervised 34 power projects; completed 40 miles of river-utilization
surveys on the Flathead River and its North and South Forks; and surveyed
in detail 72 square miles in 2 reservoir sites. Geologic and geophysical examinations
were also made at these reservoir sites. Supervised 105 leases and 833
prospecting permits for oil and gas on public land and 43 oil and gas leases on
Indian land; 97 leases, 37 permits, and 52 licenses for coal; 6 phosphate leases;
1 potash permit; 2 Indian agency coal mines; and) 10 coal leases and 2 silver^
lead, and gold leases on Indian land.
Nebraska.—Supervised 1 potash prospecting permit.
Nevada.—Supervised 22 power projects; completed 200 miles of river-utilization
surveys on the Carson, Humboldt, Little Humboldt, and Marys Rivers and
in Pahranagat Valley; and made detailed surveys of 3 dam and reservoir sites.
Supervised 79 prospecting permits for oil and gas, 3 coal permits, 1 phosphate
lease, 1 sodium lease, and 7 potash permits.
New Mexico.—Investigated occurrence of carbon-dioxide gas in northeastern
and central New Mexico. Examined, for the Indian Service, land in the puebloof
Isleta, Bernalillo County, for the purpose of mineral classification. Initiated
an areal stratigraphic and subsurface structural investigation in southeastern
New Mexico. Supervised 3 powei- projects; completed 243 miles of river-utilization
surveys on the Pecos and Penasco Rivers and Rio Chama and tributaries;
surveyed 3 washes in the vicinity of Shiprock in connection with erosion studies;
and surveyed 28 square miles in 2 dam and reservoir sites. Supervised 149
leases, 4 suspended preference rights, 1,754 prospecting permits for oil and gas
on public land, and 7 oil and gas leases on Indian land. Supervised on public
land 23 leases and 24 prospecting permits for coal, 12 prospecting permits for
sodium, 9 leases and 134 prospecting permits for potash, and 26 sulphur permits.
Supervised 1 coal lease on Indian land and 9 Indian agency coal mines,
North Dakota— Supervised 25 prospecting permits for oil and gas on public
land. Supervised 70 leases, 1 permit, and 21 licenses for coal and 1 sodium
permit.
Oklahoma.—Investigated oil- and gas-prospecting operations in western Oklahoma,
including development in and adjacent to the river bed of the Red River,
and examined one tract in Beckham County for purposes of mineral classification.
In cooperation with the geologic branch, continued the mapping of the
Osage and adjoining Indian lands with special attention to subsurface structure.
Supervised 3 power projects, 15 leases and 62 prospecting permits for
oil and gas on public land, and 5,495 oil and gas leases on Indian land. Supervised
on segregated tribal and restricted allotted Indian lands 32 leases, 17
permits, and 2 temporary mining permits for coal, 1 asphalt lease, 1 limephosphate
lease, and 1 right-of-way lease; on Quapaw Indian lands, 36 lead and
zinc leases.
Oregon.—Supervised 40 power projects; completed 150 miles of river-utilization
surveys on the Applegate, Hood, Luckiamute, and Santiam Rivers, the
338 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Middle Fork of the Willamette River, and Cow, Evans, Jump-Off Joe, Little
Butte, and Mud Creeks; surveyed in detail 84 square miles in 10 dam and
reservoir sites; and made detailed surveys of 3 dam sites. Supervised 122
prospecting permits for oil and gas on public land, 1 lease and 1 permit for
eoal, 2 sodium permits, and 1 oil-shale lease.
South Dakota.—Supervised 53 prospecting permits for oil and gas on public
land and 5 oil and gas leases on Indian land. Supervised 5 leases, 2 permits,
and 3 licenses for coal.
Utah.—Supervised 31 power projects; completed 100 miles of river-utilization
surveys on the East and West Forks of the Sevier River and tributaries and
in the Bear River Valley. Supervised 11 leases and 688 prospecting permits
for oil and gas on public land and 1 oil and gas lease on Indian land. Supervised
43 leases, 71 permits, and 2 licenses for coal, 11 sodium permits, and 8
potash permits.
Washington.—Supervised 9 power projects; completed 205 miles of riverutilization
surveys on the Cowlitz, Green, Sauk, Skagit, and Toutle Rivers and
the East and North Forks of the Lewis River and tributaries; surveyed in
detail 50 square miles in 9 dams and reservoir sites; and made detailed surveys
of 7 dam sites. Supervised 10 prospecting permits for oil and gas on public
land, 1 lease and 17 permits for coal, 1 sodium permit, and 3 silver and gold
leases (Indian).
Wisconsin.—Supervised one power project.
Wyoming—Examined land in Blind Bull-Deadman Creek area, Lincoln County,
for purposes of mineral classification and one tract in Carbon County for
classification as to sodium. Supervised 10 power projects; completed 44 miles
of river-utilization surveys on the Laramie and Bear Rivers and tributaries;
and surveyed in detail 30 square miles in 2 dam and reservoir sites. Supervised
431 leases, 1 suspended preference right, 1,632 prospecting permits for oil and
gas on public land, and 25 oil and gas leases on Indian land; 56 leases, 66 permits,
25 licenses, and 4 awarded coal leases; and 2 prospecting permits for sodium.
WORK ON PUBLICATIONS
Texts.—The book publications of the year numbered 50, covering
8,901 pages. Besides these publications 31 brief papers in mimeographed
form were issued as memoranda for the press. During the
year 20,777 pages of manuscript were edited and prepared for printing,
1,237 galley proofs were read, and 5,743 page proofs were
revised. Indexes were prepared for 29 publications, covering 5,438
pages. Copy and proof or stencils for 971 pages of multigraph or
mimeograph matter were read. In addition to the Survey work the
proof reading for the report of the Sixteenth International Geological
Congress and the volume on copper resources of the world published
by that Congress was completed. The fourth edition of
“Suggestions to authors”, much revised and enlarged, was published
during the year.
Illustrations.—The section of illustrations prepared 1,695 drawings
and photographs, transmitted 766 illustrations to accompany 47
reports, received and examined 706 proofs, and examined 71 editions.
G-eologic editing and drafting.—The geologic map of Colorado,
scale 1:500,000, was completed and published. The geologic map of
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 339
Texas in four parts, scale 1: 500,000, was engraved and transferred to
stone, and color sheets were prepared. The geologic map of South
Dakota was received for publication. Illustrations for 37 papers
were edited, proofs of 15 maps and sections were read and criticized,
and 140 drawings, ranging from large maps with structure sections
to text figures, were made to illustrate papers by Survey geologists
to be published by State surveys or other non-Federal organizations.
Editorial and other assistance was rendered to several State
surveys in the preparation for publication of geologic maps of the
respective States.
Distribution.—A total of 331 publications, comprising 50 new books
and pamphlets, 114 new or revised topographic and other maps, and
167 reprinted topographic and other maps, were received during
the year. Several special pamphlets and forms for administrative
use were also delivered and distributed. The total units of all publications
received numbered 107,059 books and pamphlets and 697,995
topographic and other maps, a grand total of 805,054. The division
distributed 93,708 books and pamphlets, 2,511 geologic folios, and
730,200 maps, a grand total of 826,419, of which 2,271 folios and
587,697 maps were sold. The net proceeds (gross collections less
copying fees and amounts refunded) from the sales of publications
were $36,958.88, including $36,345.03 for topographic and geologic
maps and $613.85 for geologic folios. In addition to this $7,709.42:
was repaid by other establishments of the Federal Government at
whose request maps or folios were furnished. The total receipts,
therefore, were $44,668.30.
Engraving and printing.—During the year 84 newly engraved
topographic maps, including 7 revised maps, and 30 special maps
were printed, making a total of 114 new or revised maps printed
and delivered. Of the newly engraved maps 37 were completed under
the Public Works allotment. Corrections were engraved on the
plates of 153 maps. Reprint editions of 150 engraved topographic
maps, 5 special maps, and 12 photolithographed State and other maps
were printed and delivered. In addition, 56 new topographic maps
had been engraved and were in press June 30, including 32 under
Public Works allotment, and the engraving of 112 other new topographic
maps was nearly completed, including 72 under Public Works
allotment. One new geologic map was printed, the edition amounting
to 4,625 copies. Of new and reprinted maps, 282 different
editions, amounting to 701,549 copies, were delivered.
A large amount of work was done for more than 75 other units
of the Government and State governments, and the charges for it
amounted to about $208,000, for which the appropriation for engraving
and printing geologic and topographic maps was reimbursed. Of
topographic maps, geologic maps, and contract and miscellaneous
340 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
work of all kinds a grand total of 4,849,142 copies were printed and
delivered.
The photographic laboratory made 14,179 negatives (including
6,816 wet plates for photolithographs, 685 wet plates for photographic
prints, 14 paper negatives, 1,316 dry plates, 471 lantern slides, and
4,877 field negatives developed), 17,355 prints (including 3,025 maps
and diagrams, 13,337 photographs for illustrations and records, and
993 bromide enlargements), 6,507 zinc plates, 325 intaglio etchings,
and 9 celluloid prints, and mounted 4,006 prints.
LIBRARY
The volume of work performed by the library during the year has
again been abnormally heavy. Of the 11,201 readers who used the
library, more than half were not members of the Geological Survey.
A register of distinguished readers recently begun shows, among foreign
visitors, representatives of the Geological Institute of the South
Manchurian Railway, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the
Amtorg Trading Corporation, and the Bodleian Library, Oxford
University. Members of the staff of many colleges and learned institutions
in the United States also visited the library in furtherance of
their research projects.
The bibliography of North American geology for 1933-34 was
issued in February as Bulletin 869. This volume contains 3,836
entries, as compared with 3,454 in the volume for 1931-32. As an
overtime project “A list of references since 1928 on National and State
planning in the United States”, comprising some 280 items, was prepared
in cooperation with a representative of the National Resources
Committee and issued as United States Geological Survey Library
Bibliographical List No. 5. Bibliographical List No. 2, on the Public
Works Administration, was also revised and republished.
Perhaps the most satisfactory feature of the library’s work for the
year was the authorization for the binding of 2,642 volumes, as compared
with only 239 for 1935. Last year the library contained some
20,000 volumes badly in need of immediate binding, and the work done
this year represents an excellent start on a much-needed binding
program.
The accessions during the year were 19,368 books, pamphlets, and
serial parts and 1,221 maps and charts. The total circulation during
the year amounted to 40,420 copies.
APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES
The appropriations made directly for the work of the Geological
Survey for the fiscal year 1936 included 10 items, amounting to $2,285,-
560, of which $57,256.60 remained unobligated on June 30, 1936. In
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 341
addition, $6,500 was allotted from appropriations for the Interior
Department for miscellaneous supplies.
Classification of obligations incurred by the United States Geological Survey
during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1936
Salaries
Topographic
surveys
Geologic
surveys
Alaskan
mineral
resources
Gaging
streams
Salaries of permanent employees. $127,952.09 $579,991.87 $373, 205.09 $40,293.00 $870,555.08
Wages of temporary employees.- 646,073. 25 25,160.00 11, 244. 20 24, 779.82
Supplies and materials__________ 14,698.59 4,574.37 1,186. 75 30,979.67
Dead storage of passenger-carrying vehicles- ______ ___
2,228.39
9.00 34. 32
Other storage and pasturage of animals___ _ -____--- 389.63
19.09
680.52
Communication service-------------- ----------- 1,551.66 153.91 4,876.01
Travel expenses_________________ -------— 131,035.40 25,590. 76 11,071.57 74,667.51
Hire, maintenance, repair, and operation of
passenger-carrying vehicles____ 2,021.69 2,785.60 26,541.18
Transportation of things__________________ 4,525.07
Hire, maintenance, repair, and operation of
3,993.71 1,544.50 8,103.01
freight-carrying vehicles_______ -________ 77,206.41 7,446.63 64.75 29,519.68
Printing and binding___________— 98,659.94 7,978.04 511.41 8,551.73
burnishing of heat, light, power, water,
and electricity________________— 13.09 17. 65 148. 74
Rents___________________________ 168. 73 67.69 615. 99 3,069.04
Repairs and alterations_________ -------------- 6,704. 29 2,470.56 150. 74 20,487. 62
Special and miscellaneous current expenses. ---------- 4 4.00 33.56 65.68 61.15
Purchase of passenger-carrying vehicles____ ___ -_____ 429. 29 1,519.08 11,892. 92
Purchase of freight-carrying vehicles_______ ___ ____ 4,056. 28 3,872. 92 13,497. 10
Purchase of scientific instruments and parts. 25,448. 55 2,252.08 59.00 43,567. 75
Other equipment_______________ 18,822.88 3,365. 54 1,238. 40 13,695.54
Structures and parts____________ 25,523.19
Miscellaneous retunds, adjustments, and
transfers________ ______-.......... — 69. 96 105,032. 69 2, 726.51 609. 33 120,616. 06
Total..______ ____________ 128,022.05 1,718,180.71 465,163.12 71,654.98 1,331,847.64
Classification
of
lands
Printing
and binding
Preparation
of
illustrations
Geologic
and topographic
maps
Mineral
leasing Total
Salaries of permanent employees. $131,457.23 $17,397. 99 $229,845.84 $253,593.59 $2,624,291.78
W ages of temporary employees..
Supplies and materials_________ 925.59
—
21.60 54,700.44
46,291.56
1,786.22
753,548. 83
108,873.23
Dead storage of passenger-carry-
ing vehicles___________ _____ _ 43.32
Other storage and pasturage of
animals______________________ 4.00 37. 72 3,340. 26
Communication service________ 211.81 6. 38
3.00
2,341.62 9,160.48
Travel expenses________________ 10,250.72 364.57 16,382. 71 269,366.24
Hire, maintenance, repair, and
operation of passenger-carrying
vehicles______________________ 2,875.87 11,402.16 45,626.50
Transportation of things________ 711.45 520.65 1, 678.77 21,077.16
Hire, maintenance, repair, and
operation of freight-carrying
vehicles______________________ 52.40 675.48 114,965.35
Printing and binding___________ 502.16 $110,000 155.97 137.50 2,208.34 228,705.09
Furnishing of heat, light, power,
water, and electricity_________ 4,135.32 4,314.80
Rents__________________________ 6. 00
9,438.37
643.05 4,570.50
Repairs and alterations_________ 79.95 1, 305.20 40,636. 73
Special and miscellaneous cur-
rent expenses_________________ — 103.63 308.02
Purchase of passenger-carrying
vehicles______________________ 750.91 5,121.69 19,713.89
Purchase of freight-carrying ve-
hides________________________ 22,260. 30
Purchase of scientific instru-
834.00 —
ments and parts______________ 74.00 215. 28 108.83 71,725. 49
Other equipment_______________ 946.92 22,436.00 5,344.16 65,849.44
Structures and parts__________ _ 4,546.92 30,070.11
Miscellaneous refunds, adjustments,
and transfers__________ 290.19 — 19.34 — 4,975.43 234, 339. 51
Total.__ ________________ 149,973.20 110,000 17,597.90 317,665.03 362,682.40 4,672,787.03
In addition to the amounts indicated above, cooperating agencies expended directly $39,540.84 for
topographic surveys and $354,655.48 for stream gaging.
342 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Topographic surveys of the United States, July 1, 1935, to June 30, 1936, and total area surveyed in each State
T rian -
gulation
stations
occupied
r" i i
i i i i :
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" i i i i i i i i i i i i r
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(miles)
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187
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8 i i i i88££8
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levels
(miles)
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of
to tal area
of S tate
m apped
to Ju n e
30, 1936
^8^S38882^58dSg£8S88822r’88S8888888S
T otal area
m apped to
Ju n e 30,
1936
(square
miles)
88‘sSg3't't
)ed in fiscal year
> miles)
ng w ith
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i a ; ; ; i i i
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ii
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N eb rask a____________________
N ev ad a---------------------------------
N ew H am pshire--------------------
N ew Jersey__________________
N ew M exico------------ ------- ------
N ew Y ork --------------- ---------- N o rth C arolina.............................
N o rth D ak o ta..............................
O hio................................... .............
O k la h o m a -...................................
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 343
: : ! !
Uli i r i i i i
ii iiii
8i: ii : :
-Hr i is* is i
II i 1
§ i i
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: i
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344 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Summary of outstanding mineral withdrawals a9,373,884 280,089 3, 833
Nevada _______ 39,422
New Mexico___ 9, 282,160
North Dakota...
Oregon___ __
984, 829
11,178,286
18,887
250,093
1,267,697
141', 444
86,847,235
84,894
South Dakota...
Utah . ______ 3,404.043
69L 801
2,143,991
21, 344, 473 2,737,274 2, 703, 755 277,344 2,937
Washington.. ..
Wyoming___ _ 541, 777 2,079,897 425, 214 989,133 25,293
Total____26,971, 813 33,276,103 5,168, 593 71, 884 5,989,949 4,081,208 1, 889, 601 302,219 9, 411,906
1 Includes 3,151 acres of coal land reserved for use of the United States (coal reserve no. 1).
2 Includes 13,578 acres withdrawn as helium reserve.
8 Includes 2,078 acres of coal land reserved for use of the United States (coal reserve, no. 2).
General summary of cases involving land classification
> 792 units involved.
Record for fiscal year 1935-36 Record since receipt
of first case
Class of cases Pending
July 1,
1935
Received
during
fiscal
year
Total
Acted
on
during
fiscal
year
Pending
June
30,
1936
Gain
or loss
during
fiscal
year
Received
Acted
on
General Land Office requests:
General________________________
Time extensions_______________
Oil development_______________
Concurrence___________________
Committee cases—Oil and potash...
Applications for classification as to
mineral:
Oil_____________________________
Miscellaneous__________________
Applications for mineral permits___
Applications for mineral leases--------
Applications for patent, potassium..
Federal Power Commission cases:
Preliminary permits___________
Licenses_______________________
Determinations under sec. 24—
Applications for classification as to
power resources________________
Applications for rights-of-way______
Irrigation project reports___________
Indian Office requests for information____________________________
Unit or cooperative agreements:
Cases involved___________________
81
14
58
1
176
1
33
20
12
2
19
2
1,454
438
134
1,139
117
1,121
2
724
336
50
54
9
96
3
1
1,805
519
148
1,197
118
1,297
3
757
356
62
56
10
105
1
1 3,259
500
143
1,176
105
1,167
3
748
147
57
37
9
90
3
1
731
19
5
21
13
130
9
209
5
19
1
15
2
2,528
+62
+9
+37
-12
+46
+1
+24
-189
+7
-17
-6
-1,074
2,313
17, 523
12,868
28,541
935
62,051
2,481
124
398
28
592
551
7,188
944
9,549
3, 259
2,313
17, 518
12,855
28,411
935
62,042
2,272
124
393
28
573
550
7,173
942
9, 549
731
Total______________ _________ 1, 864 6,029 7,893 4,917 2,976 -1,112
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 345
Mineral production from public lands and revenues accrued therefrom, fiscal
year 1936
State
Petroleum
(barrels)
Natural
gas (M
cubic
feet)
Gasoline
(gallons)
Coal (short
tons)
Potassium
(short
tons)
Sodium
(short
tons)
Phosphate
(short
tons)
Accrued
revenues
Alaska
Alabama_________
Arizona__________
California________
Colorado_________
Idaho____________
18,894,251
1,141,737
41,539,464
2,243,987
66,839,619
82,405
49,156
2.50
98
988.65
-...........- 54,215
50,207
$4,997.92
.63
2,901,746. 27
5,016. 72
Montana_________
Nevada__________
New Mexico
468,305 2,698,750— 427, 546.81 — 110,177. 06
160.00
North Dakota....
Oklahoma
................... 453,600. 38 — 27,892. 09
Oregon___________
South Dakota....
Utah_____________
Washington______
Wyoming________
1,547
8,918, 335
27, 314
15,630,429
1,442
27,425,803
166
2,028.52
1,143, 939. 68
29,472. 35
211. 00
410. 81
134,144.10
2,947. 24
Total............
1935______________ 28, 269,714 73,033,325 97,864, 356 3,434,672. 61 334,367 55, 307
50, 207
38,184 4,388.203. 93
BUREAU OF MINES
(Joh n W. Finc h , Director)
The work of the Bureau of Mines is administered from offices
in Washington, but its activities are conducted in mining districts
throughout the entire country. Thirteen experiment stations (at
Pittsburgh, Pa.; Bartlesville, Okla.; Tuscaloosa, Ala.; New Brunswick,
N. J.; Minneapolis, Minn.; Rolla, Mo.; Salt Lake City, Utah;
Reno, Nev.; Tucson, Ariz.; Berkeley, Calif.; Seattle, Wash.; Laramie,
Wyo.; and Boulder City, Nev.) are equipped to study problems connected
with mining, utilization, and conservation of the Nation’s
mineral resources in their localities, a number of field offices are
assigned specialized duties, and the safety instructors move on a flexible
schedule, visiting mining establishments on request.
During the fiscal year 1936 the Bureau consisted of the Technologic,
Economics and Statistics, Health and Safety, and Administrative
Branches.
The Technologic Branch, which conducts research covering all
phases of the mining industry at the various field stations, comprised
the Mechanical, Mining, Metallurgical, Petroleum and Natural Gas,
Experiment Stations, and Explosives Divisions, but on July 1, 1936,
was reorganized to include the Coal, Mining, Metallurgical, Petroleum
and Natural Gas, Explosives, and Nonmetals Divisions.
The Economics and Statistics Branch prepares special reports on
mineral economics and assembles data on the production and consumption
of mineral commodities; it is also responsible for the annual
publication entitled “Minerals Yearbook.” In 1936 it consisted of the
Coal Economics, Petroleum Economics, Metals and Nonmetals, Foreign
Mineral Service, and Mineral Resources and Economics Divisions.
In accordance with reorganization effective July 1, 1936, the
Branch in 1937 will comprise the Coal Economics, Petroleum
Economics, Mineral Production and Economics, Metal Economics,
Nonmetal Economics, and Foreign Minerals Divisions.
With reconstitution of the Health Division, recessed in 1933, the
Health and Safety Branch again functioned in two divisions—Health
and Safety. This Branch is responsible for safety training, answers
emergency calls for aid after disasters at mines or mineral plants,
and surveys conditions that may affect the health of workers.
The Office Administration and Information Divisions are the two
service groups comprising the Administrative Branch. The first
347
348 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
handles personnel, property records, accounts, and multigraphing,
and the second is responsible for the editing and distribution of the
Bureau’s publications and motion-picture films. The Assistant to
the Director of the Bureau acts as chief of the Branch.
SUMMARY
Finances.—The total funds available to the Bureau of Mines for
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1936, including direct appropriations,
departmental allotments, reappropriated balances, and sums transferred
from other departments for service work, were $2,116,101.51.
Of this amount, $2,097,031.84 was spent, leaving an unexpended
balance of $19,069.67.
On the regular work of the Bureau $2,039,901.32 was expended.
This figure is subject to slight corrections due to unpaid obligations.
In addition, for the helium program, which is purely service work
for the Army and Navy and has no part in the regular program of
rhe Bureau, $18,000 was appropriated directly to the Bureau, and
$20,000 was transferred from the Army and Navy for the purchase
at cost of helium produced by the Bureau for the national defense
establishment.
Technologic branch.—Eighteen devices for use in mines were approved,
and 60 lamps containing a simplified methane indicator developed
by the Mechanical Division were used in a number of mines.
About 8,000 additional samples of coal and coke were analyzed, and
petrographic, carbonization, hydrogenation, and coking tests conducted
on special types of coal.
The new metal-mining research section of the Mining Division
studied detachable rock-drill bits and drill-steel shop practices. The
division also investigated four mine-ventilation problems at the request
of mine operators. A survey of the status of mining districts
in the Western States was begun and field work was conducted in
Arizona, California, and Nevada. Geophysical prospecting to locate
underground water supplies was carried on in Nevada.
The Metallurgical Division developed a new method for extracting
manganese electrolytically that may make exploitation of this country’s
low-grade deposits feasible. The division also demonstrated
several methods of treating domestic chromite ores and made scientific
contributions to the theory of metallic crystals.
During the year the Petroleum and Natural Gas Division was enabled
to resume the semiannual surveys of gasoline sold in representative
cities, recessed since 1931. A petroleum experiment station
was opened at Laramie to replace the field office closed in 1933. A
study of back-pressure data on natural-gas wells resulted in the development
of a method for gaging delivery capacity that minimizes
BUREAU OF MINES 349
waste of gas. Helium supplied by the Amarillo (Tex.) station was
used in the National Geographic Society-Army Air Corps stratosphere
flight.
Among outstanding accomplishments of the Experiment Stations
Division in 1936 were improvements in methods of purifying clay,
feldspar, and other low-grade nonmetallics by froth flotation, development
of a method for determining minute quantities of benzol
in blood and urine, and discovery that silica is an important factor
in the caustic embrittlement of steam boilers. The new Tuscaloosa
(Ala.) station has put up-to-date testing facilities at the disposal of
the South.
The Explosives Division added 25 explosives and 3 new models of
a blasting device to the active permissible list, gave advice to a number
of Government organizations regarding the use of explosives, and
initiated an investigation of the causes and control of mine fires.
Office of Chief Mining Engineer.—This Office has been conducting
tests in the experimental mine, Bruceton, Pa., on the bearing strength
and plasticity of potash salt from a mine on the Government lease
near Carlsbad, N. Mex. In addition, various substances proposed
for use in rock-dusting were tested. A study of Diesel locomotives
was concluded.
Economics and Statistics Branch.—The Coal Economics Division
continued to supply promptly information on anthracite, bitmuinous
coal, coke, fuel briquets, and peat to producers and consumers of these
commodities. A special investigation of the packaged-fuel industry
was an interesting feature of the year’s work. Cooperation with
trade organizations promoted economical publication of the Division’s
reports. Special material was prepared for a number of the emergency
administrations.
The Metals and Nonmetals Division inaugurated publication of
Mineral Trade Notes, a monthly periodical presenting timely reports
on the status of industrial minerals in all countries, many of these
being supplied by American consular offices. Flow sheets of world
trade in 50 commodities were completed. A study of scrap metals
has been made in the light of the effect of the re-use of metals on
metal-mine production.
From September on through the balance of the fiscal year, forecast
reports of the probable demand for petroleum prepared by the Petroleum
Economics Division were established on a monthly basis. A
special study of petroleum asphalt was made in cooperation with the
Bureau of the Census.
Throughout the year the Foreign Mineral Service Division cooperated
with the Metals and Nonmetals Division in making contacts
with foreign offices of the Department of State looking toward
350 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
establishment of a regular reporting service that would keep the
Bureau informed regarding the status of the mineral industry in
other countries. In addition, an economic study of the international
flow of mineral raw materials was virtually completed.
The Mineral Resources and Economics Division issued prior to
June 30, 1936, a series of approximately 50 preliminary reports
containing statistical and economic information on virtually all of
the important commercial minerals. Special efforts were made to
complete the Minerals Yearbook, 1936, at an early date; it was sent
to the Government Printing Office on June 17 and issued on August
14, nearly 4 months earlier than the corresponding volume for 1935.
Health and Safety Branch.—The most important work of the
reconstituted Health Division was an investigation of dust disease.
This included field examination of health conditions at mines in
several States and laboratory determinations of particle-size distribution
and number concentration of dust.
The Safety Division trained 72,038 members of the mining industry,
so that about 963,000 in all have been trained since the Bureau’s
inception. Moreover, during the year 838 persons earned provisional
first-aid instructors’ certificates, 188 mineral plants were
awarded 100 percent first-aid certificates, 113 men took the advanced
rescue course, and 849 officials took the accident-prevention course in
bituminous-coal mining. Partly as a result of this work, United
States mines have had the lowest accident rates in their history for
the past 5 years.
Administrative branch.—The Office Administration Division continued
to handle matters of administrative routine. The Bureau
personnel comprised 664 permanent and 186 part-time employees.
The property of the Bureau, including that at all its field offices, was
valued at slightly under $4,000,000.
The Information Division distributed over 476,000 free copies of
Bureau of Mines publications during the year, answered 6,350 letters
of inquiry on mineral subjects, edited 450 publications, and prepared
several hundred illustrations for reports by the Bureau personnel.
Motion-picture films prepared and distributed under the supervision
of the Division were shown to a total audience of nearly 6,500,000
persons.
Bureau of Mines Advisory Board.—The annual meeting of the
Advisory Board to the Bureau of Mines was held on February 6,
1936. Sixteen of the thirty members, appointed by the Secretary
of the Interior and representing management and labor in the principal
mineral industries, were present. Approval of accomplishments
of the Bureau was generally expressed, with special emphasis
on the work in safety and prevention of accidents. The Board also
BUREAU OF MINES 351
advocated extension of the study of silicosis and of fundamental
research in metallurgy and recommended a survey of coal distribution
and of crude oil in storage.
FUTURE NEEDS
The increased appropriations available in 1936, as well as the additional
facilities afforded by the opening of several new experiment
stations, permitted the resumption of many important Bureau of
Mines projects recessed due to lack of funds and the initiation of
other studies long planned but hitherto impracticable. As the mining
industry recovers from the depression, however, the Bureau feels
that it can render worth-while service if funds are provided for
conducting the work outlined in the following brief review of principal
needs.
In the Technologic Branch the Coal Division, which takes over
some of the functions of the former Mechanical Division, should
have additional funds for research to develop new uses for coal. Of
great advantage in this work would be a laboratory, where tests may
be made of the suitability of oil from coal as automotive fuel.
The extensive series of mining and milling papers prepared by
the Mining Division, covering several hundred metal and nonmetal
mines, mills, and quarries in the United States, Mexico, and Canada,
should be kept up to date by resurveys and issuance of supplements
to the original reports. Other mineral establishments with efficient
practice or with unique problems to solve should also be described
in additional circulars. An experimental rock tunnel where mine
equipment can be tested under duplicate mine conditions is an
outstanding need.
An experiment station large enough to carry tests in nonferrous
metallurgy beyond the laboratory stage is urgently needed by the
Metallurgical Division. The facilities at Boulder City, Nev., should
be increased to permit simultaneous pilot-plant-scale tests of various
electrometallurgical processes being developed in the laboratory.
Although adequate chemical laboratories and office space will be
afforded by the new building at Bartlesville, Okla., quarters adequate
for engineering investigations of the Petroleum and Natural Gas
Division are still lacking. The possibility that dirigibles may again
be part of the national defense calls attention to the necessity of
drilling several additional wells on the helium-bearing gas structure
of Texas to assure a supply that will fill the anticipated demand.
The research of the Explosives Division has been largely limited
to the field of coal mining in the past. Additional funds should be
provided to extend the work to other mineral industries.
98234—36----- 24
352 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
The new Nonmetals Division should be enabled to continue its
studies on the froth flotation of clays (looking toward the use of
domestic materials in ceramics), on the separation of quartz from
feldspar, and on the removal of iron from nonmetallic minerals.
In the Office of the Chief Mining Engineer much international
scientific good will would be fostered if the exchange of a research
fellow with the Safety in Mines Board of Great Britain were
resumed; extension of this exchange research system to other foreign
countries would help this country to keep abreast of modern miningmethods
abroad.
The Coal Economics Division of the Economics and Statistics
Branch should have funds to conduct annual surveys of the distribution
of coal, supply current information on changes in production
capacity, study the economics of byproduct recovery, and make statistical
analyses of the competitive relations between sources of
power.
The industry is asking the Bureau to extend the study of the
market demand for petroleum already being conducted by the Petroleum
Economics Division to cover gas and fuel oils. It is also asking
the Bureau to assemble more detailed information on lubricants.
Neither of these requests can be filled unless the personnel of the
division is increased by workers capable of assembling and analyzing
statistics and gaging market trends.
Both the Metal Economics and Nonmetal Economics Divisions
find that the entire time of their personnel is taken up by such
routine matters as the preparation of chapters for the Minerals
Yearbook and the handling of correspondence. Technical men familiar
by field experience with economic problems of the mining
industry should be added to both these divisions so that original
contributions on subjects of current interest may be part of the
annual output of the Branch.
The usefulness of the Foreign Minerals Division depends largely
on prompt transmittal of the material it obtains from foreign offices
to the American public in such publications as the Minerals Yearbook
and Mineral Trade Notes. With this in mind, it becomes obvious
that the division staff should be enlarged to the point where it can
maintain an even flow of information to the receiving agencies.
In producing useful information on mining under an adequate
research program, the overwhelming need of the Mineral Production
and Economics Division is a moderate increase in professional personnel.
This personnel should hold the dual viewpoint of mining
technology and economics and should represent competent judgment
in both fields. The present state of mining in the Southeastern
United States, in the Pacific Northwest, and in the area between the
BUREAU OF MINES 353
middle tier of Rocky Mountain States and the Pacific coast justifies
enlargement of the staffs at the Denver, Salt Lake, San Francisco, and
Joplin field offices that serve the growing industry in these regions.
The present interest in occupational diseases, especially those associated
with the mining industry, calls attention to the facilities possessed
by the Bureau’s Health and Safety Branch for studying them.
Procedure and apparatus already devised by the Health Division
could be utilized with a minimum of delay for the investigation of
such a live subject as occurrence of dust disease in the entire mining
industry if enabling funds were provided.
The personnel of the Safety Division is inadequate to handle the
many calls that come for safety training, for conducting safety meetings,
for staging and judging first-aid contests, and for rendering
emergency assistance after mine accidents. If funds had been available
to increase this group of safety men, the Bureau would have
trained its millionth miner in first aid during the past fiscal year.
Government appropriations could be devoted to few more constructive
programs than promotion of safety among the employees of one
of our more hazardous industries.
In the fiscal year 1936 Bureau engineers and scientists wrote over
150 papers, many of them representing the results of original research
given for the first time, that were printed in technical journals or
presented before scientific societies. This wealth of material should
have been published and distributed in the form of Bureau of Mines
official reports, but lack of funds prevented. In order to disseminate
these data promptly it was necessary to adopt the policy stated above.
Additional printing funds would make it possible to present to the
public a fairer, more complete picture of Bureau of Mines activities
in fulfilling the obligations of its enabling act.
TECHNOLOGIC BRANCH
MECHANICAL DIVISION
Electricity in mines.—The Bureau’s methane-indicating device for
flame safety lamps has been adopted by two manufacturers, and the
lamps have been introduced into a number of mines. To visualize
the hazards of gas ignition by electric sparks, galleries in which
explosions could be produced at will) from such ignitions were
constructed and demonstrated to more than 1,200 mining men.
Routine inspection and tests in the electrical laboratories led to
formal approval of the following mine equipment: 5 coal-cutting
machines, 10 coal-loading and conveying machines, 1 storage-battery
gathering locomotive, 1 electric flashlight, and 1 gas detector. In
addition to the foregoing, about 35 changes in construction of per354
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
missible equipment were reviewed and extensions of approval granted
covering such changes.
Fuel-economy service.—In addition to aiding Federal agencies to
purchase and utilize fuel more efficiently by means of power-plant
studies, fuel efficiency tests, and advice on the selection of proper
fuels and fuel-burning equipment for specific plants, a boiler feedwater
conditioning service has been made available to Federal power
plants. A survey of water conditions at all high-pressure boiler
plants has been made and assistance on treatment given at about 100
plants.
Fuel Inspection and coal analysis.—During the year the total number
of analyses of coal and coke made and recorded by the Bureau
of Mines and available to other Federal and State agencies as an
aid in purchasing fuel to the best advantage has been increased by
approximately 8,000.
A second coal-sampling truck was purchased and put in commission
during the year. Because of these increased facilities and
because of the larger appropriation available, 530 samples were collected
at 169 mines, compared with 358 samples collected at 90 mines
in the fiscal year 1935.
Use of fuels.—An investigation of the possibilities of beneficiating
coal by treating it with chemicals has shown that the effects with
most coals are very slight unless comparatively large quantities of
chemicals are employed.
Based on past studies of action taking place in fuel beds, a report
was issued showing the principles that control the rate of combustion
under different conditions.
Constitution of coal.—Eight coals were examined microscopically
and petrographically in connection with a survey of American coals.
In studying the origin and composition of coals stress was laid on
the paleobotany of coal-forming plants and the origin of coals from
them. The granular opaque matter, one of the characteristic constituents
of splint coals, was found to be derived chiefly, though not
exclusively, from the wood of conifers.
Coal carbonization.—Carbonization tests at low, medium, and
high temperatures were made on six high-volatile coals and one lowvolatile
coal. Tests on blends of coals showed that the quality of
coke from all high-volatile coals tested was improved considerably
by blending with 20 percent of low-volatile coal.
From laboratory studies of the fusion of bituminous coal in the
process of coking it appears that the quality of the coke obtained
from a coal may be predicted approximately from the degree of
plasticity and the range of temperature in which the coal is in a
plastic or fused condition.
BUREAU OF MINES 355
Physical chemistry section.—Equipment for the continuous hydrogenation
of coal at the rate of 6 pounds per hour and for the manufacture
of the necessary hydrogen was designed and erected in a
special building. Methods of analysis of the oils obtained from the
hydrogenation of coal for phenols, amines, olefines, aromatics, and
other products, were critically reviewed and tested. The limits of
error involved were determined, and some improvements were made.
A quantitative critical study of the rate of thermal decomposition
of ethane has shown that this is a single monomolecular reaction.
This study should form the foundation of a correct theory of the
mechanism of the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons and permit
further conversion into valuable motor fuels of refinery gases
now wasted.
The calibration laboratory, which calibrates and sometimes repairs
instruments used in physical and chemical testing, has been completely
renovated and rebuilt.
Miscellaneous analyses.—Small-scale laboratory assay tests to determine
the coking qualities of coal and the probable yield of gas,
coke, and byproducts were applied to 14 typical coking coals and to
different layers of 6 coal beds. A study was made of the agglutinating
properties of certain low-volatile coals and low-rank bituminous
coals to determine how this property might best be utilized in
classifying these coals according to rank.
An investigation of inert materials to be added to coal in determining
agglutinating values showed that the tests are so sensitive to
slight differences in separate lots of the same material as to require
preparation of a standard sample, preferably sand, for distribution
to laboratories making this test.
Conclusions.—The increasing encroachment of competing fuels
upon coal makes imperative an increased program of research to
develop new uses for it and to improve present methods of utilization
to overcome the advantages of other fuels. By providing additional
funds urgently needed for continuous operation of the new coalhydrogenation
laboratory the Bureau of Mines can make more rapid
progress in the study of the extent to which American coals respond
to this treatment and obtain data that, as the production of petroleum
declines, may form the basis of a new industry utilizing considerable
quantities of coal. Sufficient funds should be made available to
permit these studies to be made on an adequate scale.
Federal boiler plants may be considered proving grounds where
schemes of boiler-water treatment evolved in the laboratory are applied
to actual practice and the results under widely varying conditions
noted. In addition, direct savings are made possible in the
356 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
operation and maintenance of such plants. An increased appropriation
to enable this service to be extended to cover all Federal boiler
plants should show excellent dividends in reduced operating costs.
MINING DIVISION
Due to increased appropriations for the fiscal year 1936, the Mining
Division was able to resume most of its former activities and to revise
others to make them more effective. However, because of the difficulty
of obtaining personnel of the proper training and experience,
the Division was not completely staffed until near the end of the year.
Metal-mining methods.—Two bulletins were published, Concentration
of Copper Ores in North America and Stoping Methods and
Costs. Each summarized, analyzed, and interpreted data accumulated
during the preceding 7 years and made available to the mining
industry a concise record of the latest improved practices in the
phases of mining covered. Placer Mining in Nevada, a bulletin written
by a member of the Mining Division staff, was published by the
University of Nevada and the Nevada State Bureau of Mines.
Metal-mining research.—A metal-mining research section was organized,
and a comprehensive field survey was made of the use of
detachable rock-drill bits in all the important mining centers of the
United States; a first progress report was published as an information
circular early in 1936 and a second progress report completed in
manuscript form. Coordinated with this survey was a study of
drill-steel shop practices. When the results of these investigations
are finally assembled they will furnish the mining industry with a
comprehensive analysis of the data on these subjects that should lead
to decided improvements and economies in rock-drilling practice.
In cooperation with the Missouri School of Mines a survey of the
use of underground loading with shovel-type mechanical loaders was
completed, and manuscript was prepared in part for a bulletin on this
subject.
Rock-drilling and steel-shop practice was studied at an Alabama
gold mine where the cost of drill steel and sharpening was excessive.
As a result of this study the Bureau was able to make recommendations
to the operating company that should lower drilling costs
appreciably and increase efficiency.
Coal mining.—The coal-mining section, discontinued in 1933 for
lack of funds, was reorganized and field work resumed in December
1935. One information circular, Methods of Development and Pillar
Extraction in Mining the Pittsburgh Coal Bed in Pennsylvania, West
Virginia, and Ohio, was published. Manuscript for a circular on
Longwall Mining Methods in Some Mines of the Middle Western
States was completed and is ready for publication.
BUREAU OF MINES 357
Nonmetal mining.—Parts IV, V, and VI of a treatise on Sand
and Gravel Excavation were issued as separate information circulars,
and one circular on a clay mine was completed. Six other circulars
were written, and several others are nearly ready for publication.
The field staff was reorganized and equipment assembled for seismologic
observations of earth and air vibrations caused by quarry
blasting.
Mine ventilation.—A bulletin, Engineering Factors in the Ventilation
of Metal Mines, and an information circular, Charts for Determining
the Performance of Centrifugal Fans, were published. Each
fills a long-felt need and is of especial value in view of the increased
attention being given mine ventilation as workings go deeper.
Four special investigations were undertaken at the request of mine
operators: (1) A study of fires in anthracite mines, their causes, and
methods of prevention; (2) ventilation and air-conditioning survey
of the Morning mine, Idaho; (3) ventilation requirements for a proposed
6,561 -foot vehicular tunnel to divert road traffic around the
open pit of the Utah Copper Co. mine at Bingham, Utah; (4) airconditioning
and ventilation of the Magma Copper Co. mine at
Superior, Ariz., where rock temperatures of nearly 140° are found in
the lowest workings.
Mlneral-vndustry survey.—A mineral-industry survey was begun in
response to a widespread demand that the Government undertake a
reconnaissance of the status of the various mining districts in the
Western States, including their activities, production, and outlook
for the future. Field investigations were conducted in the Mojave
district of California, one district in Nevada, and two in Arizona.
Geophysical prospecting.—Twelve monthly issues of Geophysical
Abstracts were published. Two information circulars were issued—
Induction Prospecting for Shallow Ore Deposits and Small Metallic
Objects, and Patents on Geophysical Prospecting Issued in the United
States, England, Canada, Germany, France, and Russia. Manuscript
was completed for a circular, Prospecting for Water in Arid Regions
of the Western States.
Resistivity surveys were made on gas and oil geological structures
in Ohio, and considerable work was done in locating subterranean
water resources in desert regions of Nevada. A number of mineral
areas in Nevada were tested by geophysical methods, and a laboratory
was established in Reno for the manufacture and repair of needed
instruments.
Conclusions.—The study of mining and milling methods and costs
in both metal and nonmetal mining should be continued, with special
emphasis on resurveying mines and mills covered by earlier circulars.
The results of the resurveys should be published as supplements to
358 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
the original papers for the purpose of keeping abreast of advances in
mining and milling technique. The demand for publications of this
type continues unabated.
Research in mining should be undertaken on a larger scale along
lines started in the last year, and funds should be provided for an
experimental rock tunnel in which fundamental research can be conducted
under controlled but accurately simulated mining conditions
on such subjects as drill steel, detachable drill bits, and drill rounds,
dust prevention by use of various types of apparatus, and wetting
agents, noxious gases produced in blasting, ground support, and
timber preservation in mine atmospheres.
METALLURGICAL DIVISION
The past year’s work of the Metallurgical Division and the results
published will be found of scientific and practical value to the Government,
industry, and the public. The division’s scope has been
expanded by addition of the new ore-testing and electrometallurgical
sections.
Electrometallurgical section.—A new method for the electrolytic
extraction of manganese from its ores has been developed on a
laboratory scale. The manganese metal obtained is of 99.85 percent
purity.
Studies indicated that ordinary ferrochromium can be made from
some of the low-grade ores of this country, and that there is a possibility
of producing a higher-grade alloy by means of the electric
smelting of chromite in the presence of sulphides of iron and copper.
One development that shows promise for the treatment of alunite
is the volatilization of silica in an electric furnace, leaving a highalumina
residue that will be amenable to ordinary aluminum processes.
The potash escapes with the silica fume and can be leached
therefrom. The preliminary results of these investigations are in the
course of publication as a Government report.
Iron and steel section.—The relative desulphurizing power of all
blast-furnace slags likely to occur at 1,500° C. has been determined.
This information has been published and removes much of the confusion
as to the effect of various changes in slag composition.
A definite relation has been found between the porosity and reducibility
of iron ores. This permits proper crushing and will result in
improved blast-furnace operation and fuel economies.
A comprehensive bulletin on the production of sponge iron by
natural gas was completed and forwarded to the printer.
Metallurgical fundamentals section.—The section completed bulletins
giving an authoritative digest and thermodynamic correlation of
(1) specific heats at low temperatures, including entropy calculations
BUREAU OF MINES 359
for 400 metallurgically important materials; and (2) heats of fusion
of 280 materials important in smelting. A similar study of the sulphur,
sulphurous gases, metallic sulphides, and sulphates so important
to nonferrous base-metal metallurgy was virtually completed.
The first technically feasible method for continuous chlorination of
chromite ores was also developed.
The results of low-temperature specific-heat investigations of vanadium
and its oxides, lead sulphate, and the crystalline modification of
silica supplied fundamental contributions to metallurgy and to the
use of silica as a metallurgical refractory.
Metallurgy of copper section.—Recovery of sulphur from smelter
smoke by direct precipitation of the sulphur dioxide as a dense salt of
ammonium derivatives has been shown to be technically feasible.
The use of aqueous solutions of diethylene triamine for absorbing
sulphur dioxide from metallurgical waste has been investigated rather
intensively on a small scale. The results indicate a metallurgical
importance for this method that justifies large-scale tests.
A considerable amount of study has shown the possibility that an
organic compound may be developed to overcome the oxidation of
certain solutions used for absorbing sulphur dioxide from waste gases.
All phases of this year’s work have been described in a progress
report to be published as a report of investigations.
Metallurgy of lead and zinc sections.—It has been shown that lead
may be metallized from galena directly by blowing air into a fused
bath, but the practical application of this reaction will depend upon
the development of refractories to withstand the fluxing action of lead
compounds, also upon the control of volatilization of lead.
Metallurgy of precious metals section.—Examination of tailings
from my plants shows that much gold is lost because it is included in
the gangue as small, metallic grains coated with impurities. These
impurities, which have been classified, govern the processes best suited
to extraction of the gold. Experiments show that surface alterations
due to grinding prevent the flotation of minerals.
Other metallurgical problems investigated during the past year are
loss of gold in dredging gravel; roasting a manganese-silver ore with
salt to render the silver soluble in cyanide; development of emulsions
to float refractory oxidized-lead minerals in lead-silver ores when
synthetic mixtures are used; and flotation of waste slime carrying
scheelite. Two Bureau papers and one journal article on the work of
the section were issued.
Ore-dressing section.—The crushing and grinding of ores constituted
a major study. A manuscript on ball-mill grinding has been
completed and submitted for approval for publication.
360 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
The functions and classification of the newly developed wetting or
detergent agents as highly selective collectors, frothers, and emulsifiers
have been investigated in both sulphide and nonsulphide flotation.
A report giving the results of flotation of the potash mineral
langbeinite has been prepared as a Bureau publication.
Tests of the flotation of Vermont talc ores were completed; the
results obtained await publication.
A 121-page bulletin, Microscopic Structure and Concentratibility
of Iron Ores of the United States, and a report of investigations,
A Study of the Occurrence and Amenability to Leaching of the Phosphorus
Compounds in Some Red Iron Ores of Alabama, were published
during the year.
Ore-testing section.—A rationalized scheme has been set up which
has proved to be effective for assisting in the determination of preferred
ore-treatment methods for a wide variety of metallic and
nonmetallic ores. Thirty types of ore have been investigated in the
course of the survey, which is being made to establish the amenability
to standard-treatment methods of ores from various districts throughout
the United States.
A study of the limitations of the usual analytical methods that have
been found unsatisfactory for certain metallurgical products has been
followed by an investigation that showed the value of such innovations
as spectrographic methods and the use of adsorption indicators.
The first annual report covering the work of this section has been
prepared for publication.
Special-studies section.—In connection with the new fundamental
investigations of the processes of steel making, a preliminary study
of the magnetic properties of basic open-hearth furnace slags was
made. A report on this work will be published.
The system SO2NH4OII-Il2O has been studied, and the conditions
necessary for dust to settle from a smelter fume have been determined.
A paper on this system has been submitted for publication.
The explosive-crushing machine for ores has been developed further,
and explosions at steam pressures up to 3,000 pounds per square
inch demonstrate that maximum efficiency results from a pressure of
about 1,500 pounds.
A paper on nozzle crushing was presented at a technical meeting.
A bulletin on crushing and grinding has been submitted for Bureau
publication. It covers the results of many years of research and
includes data on milling, steam shattering, and nozzle crushing.
In connection with the study of mineral physics, the coercimeter
was developed and is being applied successfully in determining the
efficiency of grinding machinery.
BUREAU OF MINES 361
Conclusions.—The outstanding accomplishments of the Metallurgical
Division during the year were:
(1) The development of a new method for electrolytic extraction
of manganese from its ores that promises to make many low-grade
domestic deposits economically exploitable.
(2) Demonstration that several methods for treating domestic
chromite ores are technically feasible. A chlorination method was
developed; pyrometallurgical methods offer other solutions of the
problem.
(3) Scientific contributions to the theory of metallic crystals that
include evidence of electrical dipoles at metallic surfaces and
interfaces.
The new experiment station at Boulder City, Nev., will be barely
adequate for pilot-scale testing of electrometallurgical projects contemplated
a year ago. The insistent public demand that other problems
of this type be investigated requires additional funds for the
facilities needed if these requests are to be met.
The lack of a metallurgical experiment station large enough to
permit large-scale tests has been deplored for some time. Funds for
building, equipping, and maintaining such a station should be provided.
A logical location for such a station is Salt Lake City, the
center of the nonferrous-metallurgy industry.
PETROLEUM AND NATURAL-GAS DIVISION
Increased facilities for research on petroleum and natural-gas
problems pertaining to conservation of these resources have been
assured by allotment of Public Works Administration funds, and
construction of the long-requested and greatly needed office-laboratory
building at the Petroleum Experiment Station, Bartlesville,
Okla., is under way. Increased Federal appropriations made possible
the opening on July 1, 1936, of a petroleum experiment station
on the campus of the University of Wyoming at Laramie to replace
the petroleum field office closed in 1933 due to lack of funds. The
university erected a building for the use of the Bureau in studying
problems relating to petroleum and natural gas.
Production of petroleum and natural gas.—All production-engineering
problems within the division have been correlated closely
with the intention of presenting a clearer concept of the fluid-energy
relations in natural-petroleum reservoirs. To this end, a monograph
was published with the assistance of the Natural Gas Department,
American Gas Association, giving complete details of a cooperative
study of back-pressure data on natural-gas wells. A method for
362 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
gaging delivery capacities of gas wells that minimizes waste of gas
has been developed, and many other practical applications to production
technique have been found. Tests on wells in new highpressure
fields in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana have increased
knowledge regarding pressure and temperature conditions in the
reservoir and the control and regulation of combination gas and oil
wells with high gas-oil ratios. Bottom-hole samples from these and
other fields were tested, and a report on the solubility of natural gas
in the reservoir oil from the Crescent (Okla.) pool was published.
Field studies were made of commercial methods of increasing oil
recovery through application of data relating to permeability,
porosity, saturation, and other characteristics of reservoir rocks and
of fluids. An investigation of oil-well cores indicates that appreciable
quantities of water occur in oil sands in some areas where the
wells do not produce water. This condition is important, not only
in estimating reserves but also in applying stimulative methods of
oil recovery.
Natural-gas transportation.—A monograph resulting from cooperative
work with the natural gas department, American Gas Association,
reports the results of several years’ study of the flow of
natural gas through high-pressure transmission lines. A paper on
hydrocarbon hydrates and their relation to pipe-line operation has
been presented to the industry.
Engineering -field studies.—At the request of the State of Michigan,
Bureau engineers augmented their earlier study of the extent
and availability of natural-gas reserves of the “stray” sandstone
horizon of central Michigan and have completed a report, to be published
by the State utilities commission, giving data and estimates
as of February 1, 1936.
A report on the performance of wells producing from limestone
reservoirs was completed as the result of a detailed study of the Big
Spring and other west Texas fields.
Special engineering problems.—The State of Kansas, recognizing
that consideration of technical factors giving proper weight to economic
and social conditions is the most desirable approach to the
problem of disposal of oil-field brines, arranged for an investigation
in cooperation with the Bureau. Reports dealing with correct
methods of plugging wells, return of brines to subsurface formations,
and other aspects of the problem have been published. Not
only is the industry being benefited but the detrimental effects of
brines upon crops and livestock have been decreased, and potable
water sources are being protected against contamination.
The Bureau published a report on the reduction of evaporation
losses of gasoline in bulk-storage stations. Increased knowledge on
BUREAU OF MINES 363
this subject, which the Bureau has studied for more than 15 years,
is important in effecting conservation, reducing fire hazards, and
preserving the essential characteristics of gasoline.
Resuming its earlier research on oil-field emulsions, the Bureau
has found that by relatively simple rearrangements of well equipment
and collecting-system facilities the formation of troublesome
emulsions can be reduced markedly.
Chemistry and re-fining of petroleum.—In order to design automobile
engines that will take full advantage of the characteristics
of gasoline sold to the public throughout the country, automotive
engineers must have reliable information as to these characteristics.
To supply the needed data, which have been lacking since the Bureau
of Mines semiannual gasoline surveys were discontinued in August
1931, the Cooperative Fuel Research Committee and the Bureau of
Mines united in making a survey of gasoline sold during the winter
of 1935-36. Another survey is under way.
A report describing the Bureau’s method of characterizing crude
oils with respect to base was published. Two papers dealing with
results of the study of methods for determining “molecular” weights
of higher-boiling petroleum fractions were presented, and work on
the problem is being continued. A bulletin describing the manufacture
of paraffin wax from petroleum, issued during the year, has
received favorable comment.
Helium section.—The helium production of the Amarillo plant was
reduced to 4,663,000 cubic feet because the demand was limited to the
requirements of the several nonrigid ships operated by the Army and
Navy and the lease of 1,000,000 cubic feet to a commercial operator of
nonrigid airships. Helium produced by the Bureau was used for
inflating the balloon in which the second National Geographic Society-
Army Air Corps stratosphere flight was made. The Bureau supplied
about 16,635 cubic feet of helium to the United States Public Health
Service, which is cooperating with certain hospitals in the medical use
of helium by mixing it with oxygen in the treatment of asthma and
other respiratory diseases.
Conclusions.—The handicap of inadequate office space and chemical
laboratories under which the division has labored is being removed
by the erection of a new building at the petroleum experiment
station, Bartlesville, Okla. An engineering building continues
to be a facility greatly needed for proper conduct of research and
experiments.
In view of the recommendation by the President’s Federal Aviation
Commission and the group of technical experts known as the Durand
Committee that additional rigid airships be constructed and operated,
funds should be provided for drilling two new wells and for repairing
364 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
existing gas wells to maintain the supply of helium-bearing natural
gas. Funds should also be provided for resumption of research on
helium.
EXPERIMENT STATIONS DIVISION
Administrative control and coordination of the work of the Bureau’s
13 experiment stations were handled by this division. In
addition, the Experiment Stations Division supervised the gas and dust
laboratory at the Pittsburgh Experiment Station and the Bureau’s
research on nonmetallic minerals and coal preparation.
Refractory minerals in the Pacific N orthwest.—Tire Northwest Experiment
Station at Seattle, Wash., has found that large deposits of
olivine on tidewater in Puget Sound, Wash., are suitable, after preparation,
for manufacture into a superior type of refractory brick. A
series of useful plastic refractories made with soapstone aggregate
has also been developed; one of these, containing chrome cement as a
bonding material, gave a concrete that had excellent strength at all
temperatures to 2,625° F.
Nonmetallic ores of the Southeastern States.—Considerable progress
has been made in development of the froth-flotation process for
concentrating low-grade nonmetallic ores which cannot be utilized
profitably unless more efficient methods are developed for
concentrating them.
Kyanite is a mineral that has come into use in recent years for
the manufacture of refractories. Most reserves are extremely low
grade. Studies under way at the Southern Experiment Station,
Tuscaloosa, Ala., indicate that commercial grades of kyanite and
barite may be recovered from low-grade ores by froth flotation.
Seasoning of cement.—The Nonmetallic Minerals Experiment Station,
New Brunswick, N. J., has investigated further the effects of
steam seasoning of cement on retardation of setting. It now seems
possible to grind a clinker to finer size than would have been tolerated
in former days without making the cement too quick-setting
for control, because steam seasoning is far more powerful in control
than is the addition of gypsum.
Boiler-water studies.—The outstanding finding of the year is that
the so-called “caustic embrittlement” of boiler steel does not take
place unless certain amounts of silica are also dissolved in the caustic
boiler water. This discovery explains previously puzzling contradictions
in the experimental results of different laboratories investigating
this subject.
Properties of western coke.—The first authentic information on
the physical and chemical properties of coke produced commercially
from various western coals resulted from an investigation made at
BUREAU OF MINES 365
the Northwest Experiment Station in cooperation with the College
of Mines, University of Washington.
Coal-washing methods.—The Northwest and Southern Experiment
Stations are continuing the investigation of coal-preparation methods
in order to assist the operators with installations and adjustments
of coal-washing plants so as to get a maximum of ash reduction
with as little loss of coal as possible.
Analysis of mine gases.—In all, 1,010 samples of gases taken in
mines and tunnels and in connection with safety investigations were
analyzed.
Analysis of gases and vapors.—The microcolorimetric method for
the determination of benzene vapor in air, which was recently developed
by the gas section, was adapted to the analysis of blood and
urine. A new microcolorimetric method was also developed for the
determination of toluene in air and in blood and urine. These
methods represent a marked improvement in sensitivity, accuracy,
and practical application over those previously available.
Dust investigation.—A microprojector arrangement and procedure
were developed for determining particle-size distribution and number
concentration of dust in the air of mines and tunnels.
The comparative efficiency of the various available procedures and
apparatus for determining dust in the air breathed by workmen has
been studied to obtain data that will serve as a basis for correlating
the results obtained by the various methods now in use.
Surveys of the exposure of miners to dusts were made in several
western metal mines. This work is a service to industry in determining
existing conditions that affect the health of miners and
affords a basis for recommendations for improvement.
Respiratory protection.—Bureau of Mines approval was granted
for three hose masks and four mechanical, filter-type, dust respirators.
An approval schedule for supplied-air respirators was prepared
and a tentative draft submitted to various interested parties
for criticism. A final draft is being prepared.
Stream-pollution investigation.—The stream pollution laboratory
has continued to act in an advisory capacity to the various States
that are sealing abandoned mines to prevent acid mine drainage.
The results show conclusively the value of such procedure, which was
developed and recommended by the Bureau.
Inflammability of gases and vapors.—Limits of inflammability, ignition
temperature, pressure developed, and explosive violence of
many combustible air mixtures were determined, as well as the values
below which the oxygen must be maintained to prevent explosions of
combustible gases and vapors.
366 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Conclusions.—Results accomplished cover a wide field of activity.
Coal, potash, cement, and clay industries have been benefited by investigations
made during the past year. Among the most important
achievements were: (1) Discovery that silica in boiler water is an
important factor, heretofore unrecognized, as a cause of “caustic embrittlement”
of steam boilers. (2) Development of a sensitive
method for detecting small quantities of benzol in blood and urine.
(3) Improvement in methods of purifying clay, feldspar, and
other low-grade nonmetallic minerals by use of froth flotation.
Completion of the new laboratory building of the Southern Experiment
Station at Tuscaloosa, Ala., provides new facilities and working
space for research on the further development of the mineral
industries of the South.
Additional funds should be provided for expanding the preliminary
work conducted during the past year on the purification of
clays by froth flotation, so that these domestic sources of raw material
for ceramic products may supplant clays now imported. Similar
work should be done on separating quartz from feldspar and the
removal of iron from nonmetallic minerals.
The modern equipment for coal-washing and ore-dressing research
provided at Tuscaloosa should be utilized in promoting greater efficiency
and higher recovery of coal and iron ore from southern
deposits.
EXPLOSIVES DIVISION
Testing of explosives.—The chief activity of the sections devoted
to the physical and chemical testing of explosives and blasting devices
continues to be determination of the permissibility of these explosives
and devices for use as prescribed by the Bureau in gassy and
dusty mines, particularly coal mines. The work is coupled with control
over the quality of explosives on the “permissible” list through
field sampling and experimental testing. During the fiscal year just
ended 25 explosives were placed upon the active list, which now comprises
175 brand names. In addition, three new models of a blasting
device that depends upon the shearing of a frangible disk by conversion
of liquid carbon dioxide to the gaseous state were approved.
The effectiveness of the testing and control, coupled with the cooperation
of the industries and individuals involved, is shown by
contrasting the fatality rate of 1.687 per thousand due to explosives
and explosions in coal mining in 1907, before explosives testing was
begun by the Government, with a rate of 0.176 in 1935, a reduction
of almost 90 percent.
Demonstrations of explosives.—Several educational demonstrations
designed to illustrate the dangers of black powder and the
BUREAU OF MINES 367
advantages of the proper use of permissibles were staged at the
request of mine operators.
Cooperation with Government agencies.—Advice and aid were
given to and minor investigations on explosives made for the Tennessee
Valley Authority, the Patent Office, the Forest Service, the
Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works, the Bureau of
Navigation and Steamboat Inspection, and the Industrial Accident
Commission of the State of California.
Mine -fires.—An extended laboratory investigation of the causes,
behavior, and control of mine fires, particularly in the anthracite region,
was begun, and data on the atmospheres in burning mines were
accumulated by field observation and laboratory analysis.
Conclusions.—The Bureau of Mines, through its Explosives Division,
is in a position to render invaluable service to the general public
in the protection of life and property; it is also ready to be of particular
help to persons in mining and related activities. However,
its usefulness has been badly hampered by economy measures. Its
research work should be aided and increased and its routine services
extended to aid all fields of mining, instead of concentrating upon
coal. These objectives can be attained with a relatively small increase
in the funds now available to the division.
OFFICE OF THE PRINCIPAL MINERALOGIST
Many people write to the Bureau regarding the identification of
minerals or ask for information concerning them. During the last
fiscal year about a thousand such letters were answered, almost as
many specimens were identified, and more than 500 subjects treated.
These letters came from every State in the Union (including 99 from
New York, 72 from California, and 53 from North Carolina) as well
as from a dozen foreign countries.
Field trips were made to obtain information on the beneficiation
of spodumene occurring near Kings Mountain, of anthophyllite and
dunite in Avery County, and of clay, mica, and feldspar near Spruce
Pine, all in North Carolina; of kyanite at Henrys Knob, S. C.; and
of feldspar at Piney River, Va. Other field trips were also made to
the Black Hills of South Dakota to collect samples and study the
possible need of advice from the Bureau as to certain tin, lithium,
and feldspar deposits.
Under a cooperative agreement between the Tennessee Valley
Authority, the Harris Clay Co., and the Bureau of Mines, a large
clay deposit at Gusher Knob, 7 miles north of Spruce Pine, N. C.,
was tested, and various nonmetallic minerals in Alabama, North
Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia were investigated.
98234—36------25
368 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
OFFICE OF CHIEF MINING ENGINEER
Preventing bumps in coal mines.—Study of the cause of disastrous
bumps in eastern Kentucky and southwestern Virginia coal mines
was continued. The mining method proposed by the chief mining
engineer to avoid occurrence of bumps was tried successfully in one
mine.
Behavior of coal roof in highly mechanized mines.—The convergence
of roof and floor in mines when coal has been extracted rapidly
by machine has been investigated in cooperation with two bituminous
coal companies to determine the best arrangement for drawing pillars
and to provide a safety warning by automatic convergence recorders.
Bearing strength and plasticity of potash salt.—To obtain information
on the mining method that will permit maximum extraction of
the potash deposit in a mine on the Government lease near Carlsbad,
N. Mex., the Bureau has been determining the bearing strength and
plasticity of potash salt. This cooperative study has included convergence
tests both in the potash mine and the Bureau’s experimental
mine, where specimens of potash salt were gaged as to plasticity and
bearing strength as a pillar in a apparatus designed by the chief of
the experimental mine section.
Inflammability of dusts.—Ninety-four samples of coal and other
dusts of a mineral nature, including dusts from coal mines, vehicular
tunnels, factories, and mills were tested for relative inflammability.
Large-scale dust-explosion tests.—Inflammable dust collected in the
exhaust ducts of the Holland vehicular tunnel was studied to determine
the maximum amount that could be allowed to collect without
danger of propagating a dust explosion through the ducts. Tests
of gypsum for rock dusting in coal mines indicated that it had no
superiority over limestone under certain conditions and slight superiority
under others. Investigations of a wetting agent for coal dust
indicated that it, individually, caused no reduction in the explosibility
of coal dust treated with it. It was demonstrated that the
amount of rock dust required to prevent propagation of a coal-dust
explosion varied considerably with configuration of the mine passageways.
International cooperation in mine safety research.—This cooperative
work, involving the exchange of research information, has continued
to be of much value. The chief mining engineer, who is liaison
officer, attended the International Conference of Station Representatives
at Dortmund, Germany, September 1935.
Study of Diesel mine locomotives.—An intensive study of Diesel
locomotives, which are extensively used in European mines, was made
by the chief mining engineer, who visited mining operations in sevBUREAU
OF MINES 369
eral European countries securing information on the subject. He also
inspected the official testing stations in these countries with a view
to determining a schedule of tests for Diesel locomotives to guard
against hazards to safety and health under American mine conditions.
Mine Safety Board.—The Bureau of Mines Mine Safety Board
made one recommendatory decision during the year, which related
to mine-shaft linings. The Board was also called upon to make recommendations
on an explosion disaster and certain other matters.
ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS BRANCH
COAL ECONOMICS DIVISION
Service to coal industry.—The division conducts statistical and
economic investigations relating to the bituminous-coal, anthracite^
coke, peat, and fuel-briquetting industries. This involves issuance of
a series of current weekly and monthly reports, available to producers,
distributors, and consumers, that follow short-time movements
of supply and demand, as well as detailed annual reports that
provide a background for the current service and trace underlying
changes in the industry.
Special investigations.—Special publications released during the
year include studies of the mechanical cleaning of bituminous coal
and of the mechanized mining of bituminous coal and anthracite.
The division made a special study (which was published by the National
Resources Board) of the effects upon operating efficiency of
the British experiment in production control in the coal industry.
The packaged-fuel industry was studied in 1935 for the first time,
and the results are published in the Fuel Briquets chapter of Minerals
Yearbook, 1936.
International trade in fuels.—The monthly report on the international
coal trade included special data on fuel and power in the
Netherlands, Spain, Belgium, Italy, and France.
Economies in publication.—The collection of statistical reports
through trade agencies, inaugurated several years ago to reduce costs,
was followed in the fiscal year 1936. The cooperative arrangement
with the National Association of Purchasing Agents for collecting
current reports on coal stocks and consumption continues to be very
satisfactory. Publication costs were cut by combining reports and
condensing tables to make more efficient use of available space. Editions
were reduced, and national coal-trade organizations assisted by
reprinting extra copies.
Conclusions.—Agencies established under the National Industrial
Recovery Act taxed the facilities of the division to supply data on the
coal and coke industries. In addition to supplying information to
370 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
the National Recovery Administration, the division has answered
many requests for information from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation,
the Public Works Administration, the Resettlement Administration,
the Works Progress Administration, the Tennessee Valley
Authority, the Federal Housing Administration, the Federal Securities
and Exchange Commission, the National Bituminous Coal Commission,
the Department of Justice, and the Federal Power Commission.
In all such work the division’s service is limited to finding
and certifying the facts that may be established by the statistical
record or derived immediately therefrom.
The efficiency of the service the division can render would be increased
if funds were provided for printing reports in detail and
publishing additional data on the coal industry. Producers and consumers
of coal should be supplied with the following basic information
of national scope:
(1) Annual detailed surveys of the distribution of coal from each
producing region to each consuming market, urgently needed to show
changes under altered conditions in the industry.
(2) Annual statistics of the domestic fuel market, involving the
equivalent of 160,000,000 tons of coal, which would help the coal
industry to hold its proper share of the market.
(3) Current information on changes in production capacity, which
would show the industry the probable effect of such changes on the
market and might discourage unnecessary or unwise expansion.
(4) Economics of byproduct recovery; studies of supply and present
and potential demand for the byproducts of coal processing.
(5) Statistical analyses of the competitive relations between coal,
fuel oil, natural gas, and hydroelectric power.
METALS AND NONMETALS DIVISION
On July 1, 1935, the Rare Metals and Nonmetals and Common
Metals Divisions were combined to form the Metals and Nonmetals
Division. The saving in administrative expense enabled the new
division to undertake several additional major activities and notwithstanding
an increase of almost 100 percent in routine service
work, to maintain the normal output of new publications.
Mineral Trade Notes.—In cooperation with the Foreign Mineral
Service Division, a monthly publication, Mineral Trade Notes, was
inaugurated; this embodies notes and comments on the various metal
and nonmetallic industrial mineral industries and brings to American
readers abstracts of American consular reports ,and additional
information that otherwise might not be made available promptly.
As much of the material in each issue is reprinted later in other
publications throughout the world, this service reaches f,ar beyond
BUREAU OE MINES 371
the commercial firms, libraries, teachers, and publishers that comprise
an already large mailing list. The Trade Notes are sent free
to bona fide readers on special request only, and hundreds of unsolicited
letters have commended the service, testifying to the broad
scope of its usefulness.
Marketing advice.—The furnishing of marketing advice on rare
metals and nonmetals has been progressively improved. During
the year, revised lists of buyers of 150 different mineral products
• were compiled from the returns of a canvass of 1,900 names. Services
to consumers of mineral raw materials and to the increased
number of Government agencies having dealings with the mineral
industries also were expanded.
Strategic minerals.—To show the position of the United States
with respect to strategic materials, flow charts depicting world trade
in 50 commodities were completed.
Consumption of tin.—Prompted by urgent requests from consumers,
the division undertook to account for the consumption of
primary and secondary tin by industries. This study, which covers
the calendar year 1935, affords the first accurate and complete information
as to plant inventories and the flow of tin scrap and
drosses.
Reports.—A somewhat larger number of chapters for Minerals
Yearbook, 1936, was prepared by commodity specialists of the division.
More comprehensive commodity studies were published as
information circulars on alum and aluminum sulphate, asbestos, jade,
lime, and the rare earths. A horizontal study of consumption trends
for the various white pigments was issued as an information circular.
Only the shortage of mimeographing funds prevented publication
of a manuscript on world movement of chromite. Due chiefly
to the lack of adequate printing and duplicating funds, a large
number of papers were presented before engineering and trade
groups or published outside the Bureau. The usual general reviews
on rare metals and nonmetallic industries were prepared for the
January issue of Mining and Metallurgy, and a variety of other
papers were published by the American Institute of Mining and
Metallurgical Engineers. Through this and other channels the
building materials section released a series of papers directing attention
to the implications of a revival of building construction. The
calculated housing shortage affords a cumulative demand for more
than $3,000,000,000 worth of building materials. Losses by fire and
obsolescence, growth of population, and general industrial developments
were studied carefully, and by using the various barometers
of building activity real progress has been made in forecasting the
demand for structural materials of mineral origin.
312 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
A primary obligation of the division is to disseminate information
on mineral raw materials. Largely through extralateral activities
of the Bureau of Mines staff, over 40 papers covering economic
aspects of rare metals and industrial minerals were prepared by
experts in their respective fields and released by the American
Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers.
Scrap metals.—Future production from metal mines may be influenced
largely by the reuse of metals. Recent studies of the scrap
problem have been focused upon the respective effects of new and •
old scrap and of home and market scrap upon the demand for new
metals. The elements of a historical review of the iron and steel
scrap situation were assembled, and a paper entitled “The Importance
of Secondary Metals”, read by a member of the division staff
at the Waste Material Dealers’ Convention, was reprinted in several
trade journals.
Conclusions.—Future accomplishment is predicated to a large extent
upon accumulated knowledge. A system that will make automatic
the flow of current factual data into the files of the division
was greatly improved, and the division’s commodity files now constitute
a most complete reservoir of accurate information regarding
natural resources, technology, trade, and markets.
PETROLEUM ECONOMICS DIVISION
Forecast service.—The most important accomplishment of the
Petroleum Economics Division during 1936 was the placing of the
forecast reports on an established basis. A report is issued about
the fifteenth of the month forecasting the demand for the coming
month and including recommendations for changes in stocks of gasoline
and crude oil and for the production of required crude by States.
This work was undertaken at the request of representatives of the
petroleum industry and State regulatory bodies, and serves as an economic
guide to prevent waste of resources and to indicate a proper
balance between supply and demand. Forecast Reports 1 and 2 were
prepared for July and August 1935 but not published. Report 3
for September was published and issues for each succeeding month
have followed regularly. Additional appropriations, made available
for the next fiscal year, insure continuance and improvement of the
forecast service.
Surveys.—Special information relating to the origin and distribution
of petroleum asphalt was collected by the Division during
the last half of the fiscal year. Under a cooperative arrangement
with the Bureau of the Census, the usual petroleum questionnaires
were enlarged to include data on expenditures and employment and
information on contract drilling.
BUREAU OF MINES 373
Routine work.—The Petroleum Economics Division includes an
economics section and a statistics section. The former prepares the
monthly forecast reports, makes special studies of motor-fuel consumption,
conducts a survey of fuel-oil markets, collects information
on foreign trade in petroleum products, and prepares annual economic
review of the petroleum, natural-gas, natural-gasoline, carbon-black,
and asphalt industries for Minerals Yearbook. The statistics section
prepares the current monthly and weekly publications dealing with
production of crude oil, natural gasoline, refinery products, interstate
movements, and stocks.
Conclusions.—The steady expansion in the scope of the Division’s
work has responded to requests by the industry and various agencies
dealing with petroleum problems for more accurate and current information.
Such current services are particularly useful with the
growth of State conservation and regulatory laws and the formation
of the Interstate Oil Compact Commission.
The Division is planning to extend and improve the services relating
to market demand. This work includes more detailed studies
of motor-fuel consumption and distribution, including interstate
movements of refinery and natural gasoline. A survey of crude-oil
stocks is being undertaken, in cooperation with the Petroleum and
Natural-Gas Division of the Technologic Branch, to determine available
gasoline content and the desirable economic levels of both crudeoil
and motor-fuel stocks. Continuation and extension of the study
of the market demand for gas and fuel oils are desirable, particularly
in view of the relation of these products to the competitive fuel
situation. At the request of certain members of the petroleum industry,
consideration is being given to obtaining more detailed information
relating to lubricants.
FOREIGN MINERAL SERVICE DIVISION
Survey of international flow of mineral commodities.—An economic
survey of the international flow of mineral raw materials, inaugurated
in July 1935, will be ready for publication in September 1936.
The detailed statistical tables cover the production of and trade in
34 minerals that represent the most essential mineral raw materials
on which industrial progress depends. Data have been tabulated
indicating the foreign trade of the 10 principal industrial countries
that consume more than 90 percent of the commodities covered by the
survey. Descriptive text, summarizing geographic distribution,
principal uses, and economic factors that influence production and
international trade in the minerals involved, is being prepared.
With a library of monthly and annual foreign-trade statistical pub374
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
lications for about 60 countries available for original research, the
Division is now equipped to provide current trade statistics on mineral
commodities covering virtually all foreign countries.
Consular reporting service.—As a procurement agency and liaison
office between the Bureau of Mines and the Foreign Service of the
Department of State, the Division has established a reporting service
among American consular offices that forms the basis of one quarterly
and three monthly bulletins on international trade in minerals.
In July 1935 a specialist on foreign minerals was assigned to serve
in an advisory capacity to American consular offices in Europe.
During the fiscal year every American consulate in Italy and Germany
was visited by this specialist, and systems of reporting have
been installed whereby the Bureau now receives at regular intervals
trade reports that are promptly published in Mineral Trade Notes
and other monthly commodity bulletins.
Conclusions.—To review and prepare for prompt publication the
increasing volume of trade information received from abroad and to
coordinate properly the Division’s activities with the authors responsible
for preparing chapters for Minerals Yearbook, the time element
is an important factor. To meet schedules established for the
delivery by the Division of statistical information required by
Bureau specialists, it is essential that the personnel be increased.
MINERAL RESOURCES AND ECONOMICS DIVISION
In order to meet the demand for early release of statistics, the
Mineral Resources Division published a series of current reports and
mineral market summaries. The first of the preliminary reviews
covering metal production in 1935 was released in December, and
by the end of January 1936, detailed summaries of metal production
were available for all producing areas. The series of reports on
metals was supplemented by summaries for other minerals; by June
30, 1936, approximately 50 reports had been released to the public
covering the most recent essential statistical and economic information
on virtually all important commercial minerals.
Minerals Yearbook.—The Minerals Yearbook, 1935, was issued
in December 1935. The volume included 75 mineral commodity
chapters and comprised 1,293 pages, including a comprehensive index.
The demand for this annual official review of the mining industry
has grown rapidly in recent years and the distribution of the
1935 volume amounted to nearly 10,000 copies. From the date of
the first volume of this series—the Minerals Yearbook, 1932-33—to
the present, advance orders for copies have exhausted every edition
of the publication before they could be delivered by the printer.
BUREAU OF MINES 375
Realizing that the Minerals Yearbook would be of still greater
value to the public by achieving earlier publication, special effort was
made to complete the 1936 volume at the earliest possible date. To
this end many visits were made to important mining districts in
order to enlist the cooperation of mineral producers as well as to
obtain accurate pictures of current conditions that could be included
in the annual reviews. These efforts were successful and the complete
manuscript for the Minerals Yearbook, 1936, was forwarded
to the Government Printing Office on June 17.
Joint conduct of the census of mines and quarries.—In order to
avoid duplicate statistical inquiries as well as to achieve economy,
the canvass of the mining industry for 1935 was conducted on a
cooperative basis by the Bureau of Mines and the Bureau of the
Census. Acting with the advice of the Central Statistical Board,
questionnaires of the Bureau of Mines and the Bureau of the Census
were consolidated into a single schedule and the resources of both
agencies were concentrated on a single canvass for each branch of the
industry. Results of this joint effort were less confusion to mineral
producers, larger resources for the collection of really important information,
and a lower total expense of conducting the work than would
have been necessary had both agencies proceeded independently.
Employment, health, and safety of the mine labor force.—The division
continued its regular studies of accident frequency and employment
in the mining industry. Reports were completed and submitted
for publication covering coal, metal, and nonmetallic mining. Studies
of employment based on man-hours of exposure to accidents were
conducted in cooperation with other divisions of the Bureau and with
other Federal agencies.
Mineral information needs indicated by the National Resources
Board.—In a report to the President the National Resources Board
indicated the need for more adequate data in certain fields of mining
statistics and economics. During the past year the Mineral Resources
Division has cooperated with the Central Statistical Board in examining
the recommendations of the National Resources Board with a
view to outlining- a practical research program that would produce
the needed information. At the invitation of the Central Statistical
Board representatives of industry participated in the study of the
problem. The possibilities of a more adequate program for minerals
has been actively pressed and reports were completed outlining the
principal objectives in a well rounded program of economic and statistical
research on the nonferrous metals. Attention will be given later
to other branches of mining.
Within the limits of its own resources the division continued to
work toward the development of information that would make data
376 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
available on minerals in closer accord with that available for agricultural
products and manufactures. No large progress can be made in
this direction, however, until more adequate financial provision is
made for the work.
HEALTH AND SAFETY BRANCH
HEALTH DIVISION
The health work of the Bureau, recessed on July 1, 1933, was reestablished
on July 1, 1935, through an appropriation of $50,000, onehalf
of the money being allotted to health field work in the Health and
Safety Branch and one-half to laboratory investigations in the Technologic
Branch. In February 1936 the gas and dust sections of the
Technologic Branch were transferred to the Health and Safety
Branch and the Health Division was reconstituted. The division has
a personnel of 23 and a combined allotment of $71,829 for the fiscal
year 1937.
Dust investigations.—The Congressional appropriation under
which health work was resumed was given largely for dust-disease
investigations; therefore most of the Health Division program, both
in the field and in the laboratory, has been focused upon dust diseases.
One engineer spent several months studying health conditions at
mines in Ontario and Quebec, as well as in California, Arizona, and
other States, and submitted several reports on ventilation, wash
houses, dust prevention, sampling, and air analysis.
In the laboratory much investigative work is under way, and considerable
progress has been made. A microprojector arrangement
and procedure for determining particle-size distribution and number
concentration of dust were developed which eliminate much of the
eyestrain of former methods and give results with less effort and
with a saving of time. Several new types of apparatus and procedures
have been designed for the determination of dust, with the
object of developing methods that are more suitable than those now
available for control of exposure to dust in the mineral industries.
Publications.—Four papers on dust disease or other respiratory
affections were published by the Bureau and four others read before
technical gatherings. Studies have been made in the design of upto-
date wash and change houses, and the results will be published
during the fiscal year 1936—37. The Bureau of Mines First-Aid
Manual is being revised, and this very important assignment
probably will be completed before July 1, 1937.
Conclusions.—The work of the Health Division, both in the field
and in the laboratory, is so much in demand that allotments for it
should be doubled; there is at present much hysteria concerning
BUREAU OF LUNES 377
occupational diseases (especially dust disease) in mining, and the
Bureau of Mines is by all odds the best-equipped organization to
study this particular problem.
SAFETY DIVISION
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1936, the Safety Division
had on its staff 24 engineers, 25 safety instructors, 15 clerks, and 6
other employees, a total of 70 persons, with an operating budget of
$257,464. Safety Division employees are headquartered at 14 different
cities, chiefly mining centers, and with 43 automobiles or automobile
trucks and 2 railroad mine-safety cars in operation the work
is kept in close contact with the mining industry.
Safety training.—The personnel of the Safety Division gave the
Bureau of Mines full course of first aid or mine rescue to 72,038
persons in the mining and allied industries in 489 communities and in
33 States. Since the Bureau was organized in 1910 the full first-aid
or mine rescue course has been given to 963,197 persons: In coal
mining, 719,153; in metal mining, 101,930; in the petroleum industry,
71,557; at metallurgical plants, 23,645; in nonmetallic mining, 11,479;
at cement plants, 10,584; in tunnel work, 4,393; and in miscellaneous
mining activities, 20,456. It is now fairly well agreed that as a result
of this work 200 or more lives are saved annually.
Approximately 50 persons are engaged in the field work of the
Safety Division; they personally impart information on safety assembled
by the Bureau to more than 300,000 persons every year. Although
only 2 of the 10 all-steel safety cars are in active use, 43
automobiles traveled 562,467 miles in the fiscal year 1936. Besides
giving training, members of the division’s personnel were thus
enabled to be present at 56 first-aid contests in 18 States, to stage 39
exhibits in 11 States, to attend 657 safety meetings in 34 States, and
to advance mine safety in various other ways.
Attendance at mine disasters.—During the year 25 mine explosions
in 8 States and 23 mine fires in 14 Stated were investigated, and at
20 of these Bureau personnel aided in rescue or recovery work or
both. Fortunately, during the year there were but two major disasters
(a major disaster is one in which five or more lives are lost),
and in these the loss of life was but 17, a favorable comparison with
the average of 17 major disasters and 497 fatalities annually in the
5 years preceding the formation of the Bureau of Mines. Undoubtedly,
much of this sharp reduction in disastrous mine fires and explosions
is due to the work done by the Bureau, and especially to its
advocacy of rock-dusting. It is generally conceeded that the latter
practice prevents the occurrence of many explosions every year. In
addition, 38 miscellaneous mine accidents in 14 States, including
378 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
those from roof falls, explosives, and electricity, were investigated
and reported.
Safety recommendations.—Safety conditions were studied in 140
mines or plants in 23 States. Constructive criticism of existing conditions
and definite recommendations for improvement were made.
As a result of the suggestions made by Bureau men during or after
these inspections, hundreds of important alterations were made in
operating conditions, equipment, methods, and practices, which
served to prevent accidents. Many of these changes have been reported
by the Bureau’s field men and an almost equal number by
letters of appreciation from mining executives.
Publications.—Sixty-nine manuscripts were prepared by members
of the Safety Division for publication by the Bureau of Mines or by
technical journals or in the proceedings of technical and other organizations;
30 such manuscripts were published, 13 are to be published
by the Bureau or some outside organization, and 12 speeches,
presented before safety bodies, may be published by these groups.
The published papers covered a variety of subjects, such as electric
cap lamps, first-aid training, metal-mine accidents, coal-mine accidents,
electricity, mine gases and their sampling and analysis, cost of
accidents, methods of reducing accidents, safety rules for mine workers,
explosions of gas or dust in mines, explosions of dust in tipples,
safety organization work, dust disease, mine fires, questions for examinations
for mine officials, oxygen breathing apparatus, permissible
explosives, accident-prevention contests, respiratory protection,
safety on man trips, and many other subjects. The demand for some
of these reports far exceeded the supply. One of the most worthwhile
uses of these publications is to answer the hundreds of letters
of inquiry on mine health and safety subjects, not only from members
of the mining industry but from others seeking information.
Miscellaneous activities.—Many other achievements in the safety
field during the past year can be credited to the Safety Division of
the Bureau; 838 persons in 26 States were qualified to teach first-aid
training and w’ere given provisional first-aid instructors certificates,
and 736 such certificates were renewed for provisional instructors who
qualified by doing the required amount of first-aid training during the
year; 188 certificates of 100-percent first-aid training were issued to
mines or plants in 25 States, where every person in the organization
had taken the Bureau first-aid course; 113 expert mine rescue men
took the full Bureau advanced course in mine rescue and recovery
operations and received certificates; 848 officials in 5 States took
the Bureau’s accident-prevention course in bituminous-coal mining
for higher officials and students, 409 of these qualifying for certificates
by taking the full instruction; 17 new safety clubs (chapters of the
BUREAU OF MINES 379
Joseph A. Holmes Safety Association) were organized, raising the
total to 450 in 28 States; and numerous special studies were made of
such subjects as rock-dusting, ventilation, electricity, haulage, air-conditioning,
wetting methods, detecting gages, testing roofs, and
reducing dustiness of air.
Conclusions.—The past 5 years have established the lowest accident
rates in the history of mining in the United States; undoubtedly some
of the credit for this record is due to the safety work of the Bureau of
Mines. Notwithstanding the excellent progress made, especially in
recent years, mining continues to have the worst accident record of all
the major industries of the United States, both in frequency and in
severity; on the other hand, hundreds of progressive mines are conducted
with relatively few accidents, indicating that with the proper
educational work the industry as a whole can be conducted with no
more accidents than other major industries. The Bureau of Mines
has better facilities than any other agency in the United States to
promulgate safety instruction, but its present field force of about 50
engineers and safety teachers is inadequate to carry on a safety campaign
among hundreds of thousands of mineral workers. If the force
and funds for the work were doubled there is good reason to believe
that within the next 5 years accident occurrence in the United States
mines would be reduced at least 50 percent from present figures.
ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH
INFORMATION DIVISION
The Information Division, which is the outlet through which the
results of the Bureau’s scientific investigations are made available
to the mining industry and to the general public, comprises five
sections.
Publications.—During the past fiscal year the publications section
supervised the distribution of 126,059 copies of the free editions of
printed Bureau publications and approximately 350,000 reports of
investigations, information circulars, and monographs. These were
sent, however, only as the result of a direct request either for a specific
publication or for all publications on a particular subject. In
addition, the Superintendent of Documents sold about 100,000 copies
of the Bureau’s printed reports.
Numerous brief statements announcing the issuance of new publications
or describing current investigations were supplied to the
daily and technical press. These short items were printed widely
and effectively acquainted the public with the results of the Bureau’s
work.
380 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
The section handled more than 61,350 letters requesting publica^
tions or information regarding the Bureau’s activities and general
mining subjects.
Editorial.—During the fiscal year 11 bulletins, 8 technical papers,
1 economic paper, 1 handbook, 69 separate chapters comprising Minerals
Yearbook, 1936, 15 chapters comprising Minerals Yearbook
Statistical Appendix, 1935, and 4 miscellaneous reports were edited
and sent to the printer—a total of 107 printed publications. Moreover,
during the year 58 chapters from Minerals Yearbook, 1935,
were prepared for publication as reprints, and 6 other publications
were reprinted. Owing to lack of printing funds, however, only
part of the Bureau’s output could be printed at Government expense;
consequently, 156 papers were submitted for publication in
the technical and trade press.
The section also edited 31 reports of investigations and 73 information
circulars, papers that supply promptly to the mining industry
and general public results of Bureau investigations usually described
in detail in later printed reports or that supply salient facts on the
mineral industries in concise form suitable for use in reply to queries.
In addition, 2 monographs and 17 miscellaneous reports were
edited.
'Motion-picture production.—As a means of disseminating information
regarding safety and efficiency in the mineral industries, the
Bureau maintains what is perhaps the largest library of educational
motion-picture films in the world. These films are prepared under
supervision of the Information Division through the cooperation of
industrial concerns that bear the entire cost of production.
During the year 2 new film subjects were added, 5 were revised, and
1,059 additional reels obtained for circulation. Through a cooperative
arrangement between the National Park Service and the Bureau
of Mines, the Bureau obtained the assistance of three of the country’s
large industrial organizations in the sponsorship of films depicting
the Yellowstone National Park, Glacier National Park, Shenandoah
National Park, and Big Bend (Tex.) National Park projects.
Library.—The year’s accessions to the library comprised 3,728
books and pamphlets, 275 periodicals were received currently, and
4,863 books were loaned for use outside the library.
Graphic section.—In addition to drafting and photographic service
the graphic section circulates the Bureau’s films. This work is
centralized at the Pittsburgh Experiment Station, but there are 16
subdistributing centers throughout the country, selected with regard
to accessibility. The films are loaned to schools, churches,
clubs, civic and business organizations, miners’ local unions, etc. No
charge is made for use, but exhibitors are asked to pay transportation
charges. On June 30, 1936, the Bureau had 1,777 sets of films, inBUREAU
OF MINES 381
eluding 3,502 reels, aggregating 2,023,000 feet. During the year the
films were shown on 76,607 occasions before an estimated audience of
6,489,000. The attendance was 31 percent higher than in the last
fiscal year.
OFFICE ADMINISTRATION DIVISION
The Office Administration Division is charged with handling personnel
matters, property records, accounting, multigraphing and
mimeographing, and general administrative routine.
Personnel.—On June 30, 1936, there were 664 full-time employees
on duty in the Bureau, distributed as shown in the following table:
Classification and number of employees
Professional Subprofessional
1 C. A. F. Custodial2 Total
Washington _ __________________________ 3 39 3 145 6 193
Pittsburgh______________________________ < 94 50 52 52 248
Field____________________________________ 3 131 28 43 21 223
Total----------- ---------- ------------------------ 264 81 240 79 664
1 Includes instrument makers, safety instructors, laboratory aids, assistants, etc.
2 Includes laborers, mechanics, messengers, etc.
3 Engineers, 20; chemists, 3; miscellaneous, 16; total, 39.
< Engineers, 41; chemists, 40; miscellaneous, 13; total, 94.
3 Engineers, 66; chemists, 32; miscellaneous, 33; total, 131.
Not e .—Total: Engineers, 127; chemists, 75; miscellaneous, 62; grand total, 264.
In addition to the foregoing full-time employees, the following
employees held appointments on a when-actually-employed basis: 59
consultants, 70 excepted, 7 classified, 19 unclassified; and 28 were
employed on field agreements. There were also on the roll 3 persons
employed under P. W. A. appointments, making a total of 85C
employees.
Property.—The property records of the Bureau, as of June 30,
1936, show accounts as follows:
Automobiles and trucks___________________________________ $88, 560. 94
Canvas and leather goods_________________________________ 3, 835. 39
Drafting and engineering instruments----------------------------------- 10, 683. 56
Electrical equipment_______________________________________ 61, 688. 90
Hardware and tools______________________________________ 32, 833. 36
Laboratory apparatus_____________________________________ 473, 654. 99
Household equipment______________________________________ 18, 998. 20
Medical equipment________________________________________ 8,180.11
Office furniture and equipment______________________________ 295, 471. 76
Photographic apparatus____________________________________ 29,136. 61
Machinery and power-plant equipment______________________ 1, 009, 454. 05
Land, buildings, and improvements_________________________ 1, 523, 430. 92
Rescue cars and specialized apparatus______________________ 401, 988. 93
Total--------------------------------------------------------------------3, 957, 917. 72
This property is located in Washington and at the various experiment
stations and field offices of the Bureau.
382 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
ACCOUNTS
Table 1 presents classified and complete information regarding
the financial history of the Bureau since its establishment in 1910.
Table 2 gives a statement of the distribution of Congressional
appropriations to the branches and divisions and the expenditure of
these funds in 1936, by Bureau divisions.
Table 1 —Bureau of Mines appropriations and expenditures, fiscal years ended
June 30, 1911-36
Fiscal year
Appropriated
to
Bureau of
Mines
Departmental
allotments
1
Funds
transferred
from other
departments
2
Total funds
available
for expenditure
Unexpended
balances
Total expenditures
Expenditures
exclusive
of
service
items3 4 * io
1911 $502, 200.00 $34, 200. 00 $536,400.00 $22, 818. 27 $513, 581. 73 $513, 581. 73
1912 '475' 500.00 45; 640. 00 521,140.00 6, 239. 77 514, 900. 23 514,900. 23
1913 583,100.00 47', 850.00 630,950.00 4.087.20 626, 862.80 626, 862. 80
1914 664', 000.00 57, 307. 79 721, 207. 79 4, 678. 29 716, 629. 50 716, 629. 50
1915 730, 500.00 55', 424. 60 785,924. 60 4,178.11 781, 746. 49 781, 746. 49
1916 757^ 300.00 48^ 710.87 806,010.87 9,058. 63 796, 952. 24 796, 952. 24
1917 981,060.00 52, 400.00 1, 033, 460.00 48, 588.10 984, 871.90 984,871. 90
1918_______ 1,467,07100 51, 901. 98 <$3,062,000.00 4, 580,971.98 395,745.10 4,185, 226. 88 1,172,939. 64
1919_______ S3, 245,285.00 49, 542. 86 6 8, 600,000.00 11, 894,827. 86 2, 452,236. 78 9,442, 591.08 1,137, 471.37
1920 1, 216, 897.00 52, 800.00 1, 269, 697. 00 9, 592.18 1, 260,104.82 1, 245, 891. 36
1921_______ 1, 362, 642.00 62, 618. 72 666,720.00 2,091, 980. 72 13, 985. 89 2,077, 994.83 1,412,923.15
1922_______ 1,474, 300.00 59,800.00 182, 200.00 1, 716, 300.00 52,120. 45 1, 664,179. 55 1,483,038. 47
1923_______ 1, 580, 900.00 70, 814. 30 97,100.00 1, 748,814. 30 10, 959.08 1, 737,855. 22 1, 640,840. 57
1924_______ 1, 784, 959.00 50, 710.00 347, 820.00 2,183,489.00 38,085. 43 2,145,403. 57 1, 804, 800. 41
1925............ — 2,028, 268.00 57, 500.00 236,465. 86 2, 322, 233.86 107, 743. 20 2, 214, 490. 66 1,998, 669. 20
1926 .. ___ 1,875, 010.00 81, 220.00 510, 501.15 2, 466, 731.15 28,891. 78 2, 437, 839. 37 1,841,150. 80
1927_______ 1, 914,400.00 94, 443. 39 325, 000.00 2, 333,843.39 44,871. 29 2, 288, 972.10 1,926,910.12
1928_______ 3,025,150. 00 113, 266. 45 328,000.00 3, 466, 416. 45 ’ 736, 235. 62 2, 730,180.83 1,997, 270. 66
1929_______ 2, 725,118.00 103,000.00 205, 500.00 23, 753,094. 67 8 152, 701. 34 3, 600,393. 33 2, 280, 960. 68
1930 ______ 2, 274, 670.00 123,300.00 166, 200.00 8 2,684, 386.38 2135, 714. 93 2, 548, 671. 45 2, 216, 995. 72
1931_______ 2, 745,060. 00 120, 680. 91 166, 500.00 «3,134,595.10 i° 195, 534. 37 2, 939,060. 73 2, 304,121.45
1932_______ 2, 278, 765. 00 137,866. 48 194, 500.00 10 2,770,712. 18 11 344, 689.43 2, 426,022. 75 2,186, 799. 92
1933 ______ 1, 860, 325.00 75,100.00 184,000.00 112,398,947. 38 12 488,335. 34 1, 910, 612.04 1, 710, 949. 42
1934_______ 1, 574, 300.00 50, 230.00 17, 000. 00 12 1,890,171.98 13 408,674. 26 1,481,497. 72 1, 254, 846. 72
1935_______ ii 293i 959. 07 50,000. 00 126, 513.10 >31,546,989. 94 i< 32,064. 57 1. 514, 925. 37 1, 349,686.19
1936_______ 1, 994,011. 00 69, 500.00 25,005.00 H 2,116,101. 51 is 19,069. 67 2,097,031. 84 2,039, 901. 32
Total____ 42, 414, 749.07 1,815, 528. 35 15,441,025.11 61, 405, 498.11 5, 766,899. 08 55, 638, 599.03 37,941, 712. 06
1937 2 093 200 00 69,000.00 60,000.00 15 2,224,200. 00 «2,153,021.00
1 Includes printing and binding, stationery, and contingent funds.
2 Includes proceeds fro:n sales of residue gas.
a Service items include Government fuel yards, helium, and other investigations and services for other
departments.
4 Includes gas investigations for War Department.
«Includes $1,586,388 for Government fuel yards.
«Includes War Minerals Relief Commission, $8,500,000.
’ Includes $719,476.67 unexpended balance reappropriated.
’ Includes $120,216.38 unexpended balance reappropriated.
’ Includes $102,354.19 unexpended balance reappropriated.
i« Includes $159,580.70 unexpended balance reappropriated.
ii Includes $214,713.96 unexpended balance reappropriated.
12 Includes $184,056.04 unexpended balance reappropriated.
io Includes $50,000 unexpended balance reappropriated.
i< Includes $25,576.23 unexpended balance reappropriated.
is Includes $2,000 unexpended balance reappropriated.
i« Estimated.
BUREAU OF MINES 383
'a b l e 2.—Bureau of Mines expenditures, fiscal year 1936
98234—36------26
384 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
'a b l e 2.—Bureau of Mines expenditures, fiscal year 1936—Continued
1 A vailable for expenditure in 1937.
BUREAU OF MINES 385
The following table covers expenditures by the Bureau of Mines to
June 30, 1936, from allotments from National Industrial Recovery
and Public Works appropriations:
Project
no. Description Allotment
Balance Expenditure
1 Repair mine rescue station, McAlester, Okla_______ ___ $1,000 $1,000.00
2 Plans for building for experiment station, College Park, Md. 16, 800 16, 800.00
3 Buildings and grounds, Pittsburgh and Bruceton, Pa---------- 172,000 $4. 48 171,995. 52
4 Roads, Pittsburgh and Bruceton___________________________ 13.000 1.16 12, 998. 84
5 Repairs to experimental mine_______________________________ 15,000 .17 14,999.83
6 Repairs to building and equipment, Bartlesville Experiment
Station____ _ _ ______________________________ 45,000 .52 44,999.48
7 Paving around Bartlesville Experiment Station____________ 10, 000 3. 75 9,996. 25
8 Building and equipment, experiment station, Tuscaloosa___ 200,000 732.14 199, 267.86
9 Locating underground water resources in Nevada___________ 4,950 40.59 4, 909. 41
10 Extension of Petroleum Experiment Station. Bartlesville----- 250,000 7,058. 76 242,941. 24
11 Fence, electric circuits put underground, roads, etc., at experimental
mine, Bruceton_____________________________ 43,450 5,088. 54 38, 361.46
12 Building for mining experiment station, College Park, Md.. 350,000 (')
13 5-car garage, Vincennes _ _ _____ _______ 5,000 (2)
14 Construction of bombproofs, protective partitions, and testing
floors, for study of hydrogenation of coal, etc------------- 17,000 567.06 16,432. 94
Total_________________________________________________ 1,143, 200 13,497.17 774, 702.83
1 Transferred to Procurement Division, Treasury Department, for supervision of construction.
* Transferred to Post Office Department for construction in connection with new post office building.
ST. ELIZABETHS HOSPITAL
(Wil li am A. Whi te , M. D., Superintendent)
MOVEMENT OF POPULATION
On June 30, 1936, 5,390 patients remained in the hospital as compared
with 5,315 on June 30,1935, an increase of 75.
The total number of patients under treatment during the year was
6,240 as compared with 6,015 for the preceding year, an increase of
225.
The total number of admissions during the year was 925 as compared
with 824 the preceding year, an increase of 101.
The total number of discharges for the year was 552 as compared
with 396 for the preceding year, an increase of 156.
The total number of deaths for the year was 298 as compared with
304 for the preceding year, a decrease of 6.
The total number of discharges and deaths combined was 850,
compared with 700 for the preceding year, an increase of 150, or
more than 20 percent.
There were 69 burials in the hospital cemetery as compared with 64
the preceding year, an increase of 5. With the cooperation of the
War Department the bodies of 27 service men honorably discharged
were buried in the Arlington National Cemetery. The other 202
bodies were buried by private undertakers in cemeteries in Washington
and elsewhere throughout the United States.
The daily average patient population was 5,373 as compared with
5,266.5 the preceding year, an increase of 106.5.
Movement of patient population, fiscal year 1936
Male Female
Total
White Colored Total White Colored Total
Remaining on rolls June 30, 1936---------------- 2, 694 785 3,479 1,133
218
703 1,836 5,315
Admitted during year ended June 30, 1936- 459 158 617 90 308 925
Total number under care and treatment
during year ended June 30,
1936_________ ___________________ 3,153 943 4,096 1,351 793 2,144 6,240
Discharged as—
Not Insane___________________________ 7 1 8 1 0 1 9
Recovered____________________________ 106 14 120 48 29 77 197
Improved____________________________ 90 24 114 62 30 92 206
Unimproved____ __________________ ... 88 9 97 31 12 43 140
TotaPdischarged___________________ 291 48. 339 142 71 213 552
387
388 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Movement of patient population, fiscal year 1936—Continued
Male Female
Total
White Colored Total White Colored Total
Died______________________________________ 111 57 168 76 54 130 298
Total of patients discharged and died.
Number of patients remaining on
rolls June 30, 1936-----------------------
402' 105 507 218 125 343 850
2, 751 838 3,589 1,133 668 1,801 5, 390'
ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT TO THE SUPERINTENDENT
Supplies.—The supplies produced on the hospital reservation, including
farm and garden products, such as tomatoes, beans, parsley,
spinach, squash, corn, turnips, etc., were 283,841 gallons of milk,
125,794 pounds of fresh pork, 13,934 dozen eggs, 3,952 pounds of
chicken, 29,021 bunches beets, 31,775 bunches carrots, 12,228 ears of
corn, 4,150 bunches endives, 5,375 pounds of grapes, 1,827 bushels
kale, 28,679 heads of lettuce, 18,750 bunches of green onions and 74%
bushels of dry onions, 948 bushels mustard, 83 bushels pears, 95
bushels green peas, 302% bushels green peppers, 19% bushels polk
greens, 716 bushels sweetpotatoes, 812 pumpkins, 18,085 bunches
radishes, 1,231 bushels rape, 1,510 bushels spinach, 570 bushels squash,
2,386 bushels Swiss chard, 36 bushels green tomatoes and 941 bushels
ripe tomatoes, 2,312 bunches turnips and 411% bushels turnips, and
343 bushels turnip greens.
In addition to that there were made at the hospital 24,731 gallons
of ice cream, 1,217 tons of roughage and silage were produced, as
well as 2,500 bushels of ear corn.
In the shops there were produced 13,769 pairs of various kinds of
shoes and slippers, and in addition 1,404 pairs of shoes were repaired.
There were made 126 dozen men’s belts, 283 dozen suspenders, 1,137
brushes, 5,730 brooms, 2,197 mattresses, 2,123 pillows, and 6 chair
cushions. In the bakery there were turned out 918,105 loaves of
bread, 3,264,084 rolls, and 62,522 pounds of pastry. The laundry
washed, dried, mangled, and ironed 12,276,099 articles. The pow’er
plant manufactured 568,660,000 pounds of steam; the electrical department
generated 2,930,540 kilowatts of electricity; there were
pumped 383,039,000 gallons of water; and the refrigeration plant
produced 7,455 tons of ice and refrigeration.
In addition, large quantities of clothing for men and women were
made in the sewing rooms and tailor shops, and articles of clothes,
ST. ELIZABETHS HOSPITAL 389
bed linen, tableware were produced by the occupational therapy department
throughout the institution. The patients on the wards,
under the direction of the occupational therapists, made all the
dresses furnished the patients, hemmed all the sheets and blankets,
assisted in making stand covers, table covers, tablecloths, towels,
wove stand covers, rugs, towels, and similar items, and manufactured
many hundreds of small toys and recreation items, including checkerboards,
chessboards, and cribbage boards.
All the steam, electricity, ice, and refrigeration used on the reservation
was manufactured by the hospital.
Dairy and cow barn.—The Holstein-Friesian herd was again tested
for tuberculosis. Several cows showed somewhat suspicious reactions;
two of them were slaughtered under Federal inspection at
Baltimore, Md. No tuberculous lesions wTere found in either cow;
therefore we must consider the herd free from this disease. The
herd consisted of 335 cows, bulls, and heifers that were tested, in
addition to approximately 50 calves, a total of 385 animals. This
is the twenty-second year that there were no reactions from tuberculosis.
This is one of the largest accredited herds in the country.
During this period Bang abortion disease seems to have been eliminated
from the herd. No reaction has been found for over a year.
The herd was retested March 23 and 24, 1936, and the entire herd
passed a clean test.
The herd produced 283,841 gallons of milk during the past year,
about 7 percent increase over the previous year. This was an average
production of approximately 12,000 pounds of milk per animal
per year.
The quality of the milk, as indicated by the various bacteria
counts, has been highly satisfactory, the average, well below 10,000
colonies per cubic centimeter (average about 6,800) being well within
the requirements for certified milk.
The hospital continues to cooperate with the United States Department
of Agriculture in the use of pure-bred bulls from its
Beltsville (Md.) Experimental Station.
Piggery.—The hospital slaughtered 530 hogs during the year,
which furnished 125,794 pounds of dressed pork, about 30,000 pounds
less than during the previous year.
During the past year or more, especially since the cafeteria system
has been in effect in the hospital for feeding patients, the amount
of garbage available for the piggery has been hardly sufficient to
maintain the regular output of fresh pork. At the same time, the
garbage seems to be of a better quality and there are fewer complaints
about over-fat pork.
390 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Whether the closer feeding of garbage was responsible or not,
the fact is that the pork production during the past year fell below
that of the preceding year approximately 20 percent, and something
around 3 percent below the general average for the past 11 years.
This drop in production at a time when everything else seems to be
normal brings up the question as to the advisability of a change in
the policy in feeding. Should grain be used, in connection with the
garbage feeding, as a substitute or alternative, or should some sort
of mixture be used? Proper investigations are being made and
analyses taken of the various items entering into the feed, which
we hope to report as a future study.
Farm and garden.—A survey of the records show that the production
of vegetables generally has changed considerably during
the past 10 years, both in the character of the variety grown and
in production. The following crops have been introduced and are
being grown regularly, in addition to those produced in 1925:
Asparagus, Swiss chard, collards, endive, mustard, mustard-spinach,
rape, rhubarb, rutabagas, Hubbard squash, and turnip greens.
Others, among which are broccoli, brussels sprouts, and cress, are
being tried, but so far with rather indifferent success, although each
has found ready demand whenever available. The total tonnage
of vegetables delivered during the 2 years of 1925-26 and 1935-36
increased from 197 tons to 267 tons, or an increase of over 35 percent;
this, in spite of the fact that cucumbers and cymlings were
practically destroyed by the cucumber worm, onions were below
normal, as was also cabbage, while parsnips, rhubarb, rutabagas, and
salsify were almost total failures.
Poultry Plant.—The records show deliveries of eggs during the
last fiscal year approximating 13,934 dozen, an increase of about 40
percent over those of 1925. The deliveries of fowl, 3,952 pounds,
compared to 3,098 in 1925, or 30 percent increase. Up to 1930 the
flock was made up mostly of White Leghorns with a sprinkling of
grades of various sorts. In 1930 Plymouth Barred Rocks were introduced
to augment the meat supply. In this way the quality of
the fowl delivered has been greatly improved, the output last year
being as noted.
Piet.—The hospital continues the study of the diet. Not only
are continued efforts being made to serve a greater variety of food
to the patients and a larger variety of greens continued throughout
the year, but greater efforts are being made to see that the food
is being served in a more appetizing manner.
The manner of feeding through the cafeteria system has been
extended. The new Men’s Receiving Building and Women’s Receiving
Building—one opened at the beginning of the fiscal year and the
ST. ELIZABETHS HOSPITAL 391
other at the end of the fiscal year—both have cafeteria service for
the patients. More than 3,500 patients are now fed by the direct
cafeteria system, and approximately 1,000 additional by a modified
form of cafeteria system which will best suit the needs of the various
patients. The hospital’s method of furnishing food by cafeteria is
to give the patients a choice of food. The result of this change seems
to be appreciated by the patients, who do not hesitate to express their
approval of the improvement in the manner in which food is being
served, and the advantages may easily be evaluated by an extract
from report of the chief dietitian:
It was interesting to note that two of the patients transferred from C Building
to the Women’s Receiving Building, who had been tube fed for several days
previous to this transfer, chose their food and ate their first meal of their own
election in their new surroundings.
The economic advantages are reflected in the report of the superintendent
of farm wherein he notes that:
* * * since the cafeteria system has been in effect, the amount of garbage
available for the piggery has hardly been sufficient to maintain the regular
output of fresh pork.
This confirms reports of the dietitians from the various kitchens
where the cafeteria system of feeding is in effect that the garbage
from such kitchens has been reduced approximately 40 percent.
A class in diet and disease was taught the student nurses by one
of the dietitians. This consisted of 15 lectures.
From March to June two of the dietitians taught classes in dietetics
which consisted of 15 lecture periods and 30 laboratory periods.
There wrere 24 student nurses in these classes.
Electric refrigerators have been installed in the dining rooms of
Q-l, Q-2, P-1, P-2, C, B, and M buildings, replacing worn out wood
ice boxes.
Dishwashing machines have recently been put in the dining rooms
of I, P, and Q buildings, which will add to the sanitary washing of
dishes and utensils.
Ice cream and pasteurizing plant.—A total of 283,841 gallons of
milk, or a daily average of 777 gallons, was clarified and pasteurized
at 148° F., held for 30 minutes, then cooled as rapidly as possible to
46° F., and then bottled and canned. These bottles and cans had
been thoroughly washed, steamed, and inspected before being used.
About 25 gallons of buttermilk were made daily and bottled and
canned.
In the ice-cream department a total of 24,731 gallons of ice cream
was made, or a daily average of 68 gallons.
Bakery.—The output of bread during the year was 918,105 loaves,
with 3,264,000 rolls and 62,000 pounds of pastry.
392 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
During the year a new wrapping machine was installed, permitting
not only the wrapping of bread as formerly, but also the wrapping of
rolls, thus insuring sanitary delivery and handling.
Laundry.—The work in the laundry continues to increase. The
number of pieces laundered during the past year was 12,276,099, about
1,000,000 increase over the previous year. There has been no increase
among the paid employees, notwithstanding the additional number
of pieces laundered.
Two new presses and one sleeve form have been installed on the
second floor of the laundry building.
The electrical department has installed four large fans in the pressroom,
which have relieved the humid condition to a great extent.
It seems that we have reached the limit of the capacity of the
present laundry. Several of the machines have been in operation for
a number of years and should be replaced. More room is needed for
the exchange system, additional elevators for handling clothes, and
sanitary conditions for the quartering of the employees and patients
who work in this building.
Sdoesltop.—During the year the shoeshop manufactured 13,769
pairs of shoes and slippers; repaired 1,404 pairs of shoes; manufactured
all kinds of brushes, amounting to 1,137; made 3,396 pairs of
suspenders and 1,512 belts.
There is one paid employee in charge of this department, all the
other help being patients.
There was a material increase in the quantity of shoes made in
order to meet the requirements of the hospital.
Larons and grounds.—The opening of the new men’s and women’s
receiving buildings completed the quadrangle including the medical
and surgical building, R building, and I building. The quadrangle
was graded and sown with grass seed; also all of the area around the
women’s receiving building and the terrace on the north side of the
men’s receiving building were similarly graded and sodded. Thirtysix
evergreen trees, mostly of dwarf habit, were planted in front of
the women’s receiving building. In front of the passageways leading
from the women’s receiving budding 45 flowering shrubs, 10 Lombardy
poplars, and 5 sugar maples were planted; also 5 sugar maples
were planted on the opposite side of the quadrangle on the strip of
lawn east of I and N buildings.
Fires.—There were 30 fires during the past year, the total property
damage amounting to $278.40. Fire inspections and fire drills were
regularly made. During the year inspections were made weekly
with officers and privates of the District of Columbia Fire Department,
and occasionally with inspectors from the fire marshal’s office.
On some occasions there were verbal recommendations made which
ST. ELIZABETHS HOSPITAL 393
were adopted as soon afterward as possible. Inspections are made
of all fire hydrants, stairways, fire escapes, basements, hose closets,
attics, and grounds in general. The fire extinguishers are regularly
inspected and repaired when needed. The fire siren is tested
monthly, also the fire-alarm system. The fire pumps at the powerhouse
are tested weekly, and the triple combination pumper is tested
daily and put in service once a week. Tests are made of all fire
hose, and fire drills are held monthly. Fire drills are held on the
wards and note is made of the time required to get the patients off
of the wards.
At the present time the hospital has before it a request from the
Federal Fire Council for a statement showing the number of buildings
on the reservation, number of patients or employees in each
building, preparations that have been made for fire fighting, and
other information incident thereto.
Disbursements.—During the year Mr. Homer Smith, who was at
the hospital for many years, retired as chief of finance and accounts
division of the hospital. After he left the service the finance and
accounts division was combined with that of the chief accountant’s
division. Mr. Struttmann, who is the chief accountant at the hospital,
was put in charge of the combined work.
The total disbursements of all sorts, which were passed through
this office and transmitted to the General Disbursing Office of the
Treasury for settlement, amounted to $3,457,560.
Supplies.—Orders were placed for supplies during the year
amounting to $1,314,224. Of this amount, $324,000 was covered by
formal contracts entered into by the hospital directly with the contracting
parties. There were several special contracts under the
Emergency Relief and Public Works appropriations, one for installing
and testing gravel well, one for elevated steel tank and
tower, and others for furniture for new buildings.
Personnel.—The total number of employees on the hospital rolls
June 30, 1936, was: Regular, 1,647; P. W. A., 123—a total of 1,770,
an increase of 214. The appointments during the year were: Regular,
444; emergency, 228; total, 672. Separations were: Regular,
353; emergency, 105; total, 458, a net increase of 214.
During the year several of the old employees were retired from the
service on account of age, including:
E. II. Weisbrod--------------------------------------------- Chief engineer.
Mary O’Malley______________________________ Clinical director.
Amelia Clyburn______________________________Waitress.
Homer Smith------------------------------------------------Agent-cashier.
Franklin T. Eno_____________________________ Bricklayer.
Richard Moore______________________________ Chauffeur.
Frank Blinn________________________________ Charge, psychiatric nurse.
394 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
The following were retired on account of disability:
Emory B. Carter____________________________ Machinist.
Arthur C. Dorsey____________________________ Stoker-operator.
Robert A. Jenkins___________________________ Assistant supervisor.
James D. Poe______________________________ Attendant.
Tillie M. Skinner------------------------------------------ Do.
Annie McPherson------------------------------------------ Assistant cook.
Emma J. Thornton-----------------------------------------Kitchen helper.
Margaret A. Robey---------------------------------------- Laundress.
Sadie Pilkerton_____________________________ Charge, psychiatric nurse.
Joseph P. Corrigan---------------------------------------- Attendant.
Administrative promotions (salary rate increases) were granted to
586 employees, effective February 1, 1936. This was the first general
salary increase authorized since January 1, 1931. In addition there
were 67 promotions and 5 demotions in grade.
Construction.—The women’s receiving building, on which progresswas
noted in a previous report, was practically completed and furnished
ready for occupancy the last part of June 1936. This building
affords no novelties nor innovations in methods or standards of treatment
not available in other buildings on the hospital reservation. It
will, it is believed, make possible the accomplishment of a more
economical use of physical comforts and mental treatment methods
as a result of the increased efficiency in ward service. Included in
this building are such special provisions as beauty parlor, laundry,
hydrotherapeutic department, occupational, and recreational rooms.
Congress has made an appropriation for one new building to be
known as Continuous Treatment Building No. 3. Preliminary plans
and specifications for this building are now under way.
The hydrotherapy department, in connection with the sun parlor
for Q building, the colored women’s receiving service, was put in
operation during the year.
Allocations having been made by the Public Works Administration
of funds for reconditioning certain buildings, the following work was
completed:
Replacement of wooden porches in Allison-C and Allison-D buildings
by concrete and brick porches, enclosed, fitted with iron window
sashes of a swinging type, permitting proper ventilation. These
porches are heated, permitting them to be used as wards, increasing
the number of beds, and in some cases to be used for day rooms: and
the Allison-D porch to be used as a barber shop.
Several of the porches connected with Oaks-B, D, and E buildings,
constructed many years ago of wood and which were more or less of
a fire risk, have been replaced by new porches of brick and concrete
enclosed in the same manner as noted in the Allison porches, to be used
in some cases as wards, day rooms, or dining rooms.
ST. ELIZABETHS HOSPITAL 395
Two new brick porches have been erected for Garfield and Dawes
buildings. These buildings were dark and without adequate dayroom
facilities. The porches increased the day-room advantages and
permit a class of patients who had little outdoor exercise opportunities
for enjoying fresh air under sanitary conditions.
The porches of the several buildings to which they are attached
have added a total of 27,124 square feet of floor area.
Funds allocated by the Emergency Relief Administration permitted
the laying of 1,500 feet of 24-inch terra-cotta pipe surrounded
by concrete, to be used as a storm-sewer drain from the head of the
ravine at the powerhouse to a point below the incinerator, and to be
connected with a 24-inch line at that point.
From funds allocated by the Public Works Administration a contract
was made to dig a well. It is what is known as a 30-inch gravel
well, being 30 inches at the base and 10 inches at the top. The contract
called for a flow of 1,250,000 gallons of water per day. The
bond for this contract covers this flow for a period of at least 1 year.
This well has been completed, and the official test showed a capacity
of 1,899,000 gallons of water per day. The water has been tested by
the Geological Survey and test showed it to be of an exceptionally
good quality. The temperature test of the water on a warm day
showed that it registered 56° at the surface.
A new tank is being erected at such a height and capacity that
will give sufficient pressure to furnish water to the upper stories of
the new buildings just completed. From the old tank water could
only be secured by the use of pumps located in each building.
New fire pumps have been constructed and will be installed within
a short period.
The woodwork on the porches of the 13 buildings completed about
1903 have been overhauled and the woodwork replaced by brick
and concrete, thus making them less susceptible to fire and more permanent
in nature.
A concrete road has been built from general kitchen to Howard
Hall. On a recent inspection of the hospital by the Federal Fire
Council attention was called to the necessity of such a road, so that
fire equipment could enter the grounds of the hall should fire break
out. Similar criticism was made by a representative of the District
Fire Department. This new road will relieve further criticism of this
sort and furnish adequate means for not only the hospital but for
District fire apparatus to get inside the wall of the Howard Hall
service in case of fire.
The concrete road between R and I buildings has been widened
and replaced.
Several thousand feet of the old roads have been repaired.
396 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Concrete walks were laid between C and M buildings and between
I and N buildings.
New water mains have been installed from R building to the site
of the- new water tank, from the men’s receiving building to the
women’s receiving building.
Pedestal drinking fountains, with cooler tank, were installed in
the basement of Q building, on the lawn between C and M buildings,
and the courtyard of the continuous treatment buildings.
All steam fitting and plumbing have been overhauled and many
repairs made.
New floors have been laid in the laundry, in several of the wards
of the west side service and in other sections of the hospital.
RECREATIONAL, VOCATIONAL, AND OCCUPATIONAL
WORK
Occupational therapy.—During the year the occupational therapy
department furnished work for 1,005 patients. This work included
weaving, sewing, toy making, woodwork, basketry, and general industrial
work. In the industrial department there were made 22,500
sheets, 11,100 pillow cases, 24,300 towels, and 12,275 dresses. It has
been the practice as far as possible to permit the patients to make
their own dresses.
Red Cross.—The American Red Cross continued to maintain a hospital
unit during the past fiscal year.
The psychiatric social workers attached to this unit are primarily
concerned in case correspondence and contact work. During the year
there have been received 4,296 letters and there have been sent out
4,411 communications. Five hundred and six claims of one kind or
another have been filed for the patients, and the patients have been
helped in presenting their claims in an equal number of cases.
Three thousand seven hundred and ten tickets of all classes were
donated to the Red Cross for the use of St. Elizabeths’ patients for
football, baseball, and theater parties. There have been two boat trips
down the river, one chaperoned by the Spanish-American War Veterans
and the American Legion and the other by the Motor Corps of the
District Chapter of the Red Cross, the American Legion, and the
hospital helping with the transportation. The boats were secured
through the sources named.
There have been 10 band concerts on the green during the past year.
There have been 167 parties and entertainments and 92 athletic events.
The superintendent of the hospital having instituted a practice of
delivering letters of welcome to each patient as admitted to the institution,
said letters explaining the nature of the institution and in
what way the hospital can cooperate with the patient in helping to
ST. ELIZABETHS HOSPITAL 397
restore his health, the field director of the Red Cross acted as a representative
of the superintendent in helping to put such communications
in the hands of the patients shortly after they were received in
the hospital.
It is recommended by the field director of the Red Cross that the
building at present used for that purpose be either made over and
enlarged or, as an alternative plan, to add wings to the Hitchcock Hall
for the use of Red Cross work, or that funds be furnished for the
erection of a new building, including a recreational center for both
men and women. Whether this is to be done by the Red Cross or
congressional appropriation would have to be determined.
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT
Library.—The library at St. Elizabeths Hospital is divided into two
parts, primarily that noted as the medical library and that noted as
the patients’ library. The total number of volumes in the combined
library is about 32,000. About 125 books have been added to the
medical library during the year. There were 1,200 books added to the
patients’ library. Through the kindness of Mr. Alvah Godding, a
very valuable addition was made to this library—approximately 1,000
books, including standard fiction, poetry, and drama. There are
about 3,500 books in constant circulation, approximately 200 books
being drawn daily.
Social service department.—The work of this department included
training of students from the hospital training school and from the
social-service school. There were four students from the National
Catholic School of Social Service and one, a priest, Father Humensky,
from the school of social work, Catholic University of America. He
was here the full 2 months of September and October, and then, as
he and the director of the school were interested in learning what a
priest could do for the patients, he continued coming to the hospital
several days a week until the end of the school year.
The letter the superintendent sent to each patient, as discussed under
the Red Cross, which the field director of that organization delivered
to a certain class of patients, was delivered to District patients by the
chief of the social service department.
The social service report from July 1,1935, to June 30,1936, showed
the following:
Number of out-patients on rolls July 1, 1935________________________ 149
Number of out-patients on rolls June 30, 1936_______________________ 85
Average number on rolls per month_______________________________ 130
Number of patients discharged from the rolls_______________________ 152
Number of out-patients under care during the year__________________ 284
Average carried during 1 month (in and out patients)________________ 193
New patients (out on visit)_____________________________________ 116
398 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Training school.—There were 18 students in the graduating class
of the 3-year course of the training school. Sixteen took the District
of Columbia Board in October; 14 passed, 1 student failing in two
subjects and 1 failing in one subject. The hospital received nonors
for having the highest school average. Of the 14 nurses who passed
the Board, 10 are on duty in the hospital, 2 are in the Veterans
Administration, 1 is married, and 1 is doing private duty.
From July 1, 1935, to June 30, 1936, 107 affiliating students have
finished their course and an additional 38 were admitted June 1,1936,
making 145 enrolled during the year. Approximately 60 postgraduate
students have completed a course during this period, and tieie
are 32 post-graduate students now in the hospital, making 92 enro e
during the year.
The hospital now receives affiliate students from four local hospitals,
from the Parrish Memorial Hospital, Portsmouth, Va.; Riverside
Hospital, Newport News, Va.; and the Munroe Hospital, Ocala, Fla.
The St. Elizabeths students affiliate at Emergency Hospital for surgery,
at Sibley Hospital for surgery and obstetrics, at Children’s
Hospital, Washington, D. C., and Bellevue Hospital, New York City,
for pediatrics, and with the Instructive Visiting Nurse Society.
Forty-nine attendants have completed the course during the year.
There are at present 98 attendants in the class.
Medical and surgical wards.—The activities of this service have
increased over the previous year.
There were admitted to the wards 1,500 patients and to the clinics
17,001 patients. The clinic patients made 40,056 visits. There were
216 surgical operations.
The physiotherapy department has been more and more utilized,
with benefit to the patients.
During the year past an attending otolaryngologist was appointed
to fill the vacancy created in that department by the resignation of
Dr. Billard. There has been a considerable amount of indicated surgery,
such as cases of chronic mastoiditis, as well as a few cases of
acute mastoiditis, and conditions relating to the nose and pharynx.
The attending ophthalmologist resigned because of change of residence
to another city. His vacancy was filled by the appointment of
a local ophthalmologist which did not turn out as successfully as
desired and was, therefore, terminated. At the present time there is
a vacancy.
The radiographic and radiotherapeutic clinics have been functioning
satisfactorily during the year. The radiotherapeutic apparatus,
which gave so much trouble for a time, was finally properly repaired
and has functioned steadily throughout the year without the slightest
ST. ELIZABETHS HOSPITAL 399
difficulty. One hundred and seventy-eight patients have received
X-ray therapy during the year, about 25 percent of these being cases
of malignancy in some form.
The antiluetic clinic has treated a considerably increased number
of patients during the past year. This is partly due to the actual
number of such patients to be 'treated and partly to some new departures
in the method of treatment.
The urological clinic has been attended regularly by the visiting
urologist during the year and some of his work has proven quite
interesting, although just as interesting is the fact that very few
active cases of venereal disease are seen.
The gynecological clinic has continued weekly, although the day
of the clinic was changed to accommodate other activities in the
institution.
Men’s services.—The last three remaining wards in the men’s receiving
building were opened. The number of patients on the men’s
receiving service has materially increased. Admissions during the
year were 447. Treatments in the hydro room w’ere 68,823.
Due to the fact that the men’s receiving building is caring for
more acute cases than formerly, the various other services, such as
Richardson Group, do not have as many acute cases on the wards,
but they continue to have many serious behavior problems and many
acutely disturbed patients. A great deal of personal attention has
been devoted to the caring for the acutely disturbed patients and
endeavoring to assist them in improvement and, it is believed, that a
considerable degree of success has been attained.
It is still necessary to devote a considerable amount of attention
to inducing patients to write to their relatives, and it is often necessary
to write special memoranda to the supervisors of the service
requesting that the individual patients write to their relatives. This
practice is followed in every case where a relative makes a specific
request in a letter to the hospital that a reply be sent by the patient,
and almost 100 percent success is obtained in following this system.
In the Richardson Group the hydrotherapy room showed 23,733
treatments.
During the year the chief and radical change in administration of
the Howard Hall service was the removal of the supervisor’s office
from the Howard Hall building to the West Lodge building. The
supervisor now uses the office which for a long time was used as a
physician’s office and later as a visitors’ room. The former nurses’
office was connected with the small hall in the front of the building
by cutting out a large archway and this whole space is now being
used as a visitors’ room. The nurses’ office was moved back to the
98234—36----- 27
400 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
room formerly used as the dining room and a 3-bed dormitory was
converted into a doctor’s office.
Nearly all of the patients in West Lodge 1 now eat in the West
Lodge basement cafeteria, a few trays being served on the wards.
The patients in the whole of the West Lodge building are under the
general supervision of the charge nurse located on ward West Lodge 1.
The moving of the supervisor’s office from the Howard Hall building
to the West Lodge building has solved a problem which for several
years seemed to defy solution—a reception or visitors’ room for
the Howard Hall proper. At the present time relatives of the patients
are received in a nice visiting room adjoining the supervisor’s
office, and the proximity of the supervisor’s office to the admission
ward, West Lodge 1, is an added convenience.
The occupational index which was introduced on the various services
of clinical division number 1 during the previous year has continued
to be very useful and has enabled this division to supply the
various industrial departments, such as the laundry, shoe shop, sewing
room, and power-house, with the necessary number of patients. As
during the past year, the charge of each ward was requested to furnish
a list of patients, giving name and case number, whether employed
or idle, if employed the type of work done, and some general
remarks concerning the patient’s behavior and habits. Such lists
were gone over with the various physicians in charge and thus there
were assigned a number of idle patients to various occupations.
The completion of the porches connecting the Garfield wards, white
ash and gray ash, will provide spacious sitting rooms for patients
who formerly congregated in the hallways and will release extra
beds in these wards.
The cafeteria service in West Lodge is satisfactorily functioning.
Generally speaking, marked improvement has been accomplished in
the care of the colored male patients, both from the standpoint of
the patients’ physical comfort and the medical attention given to
them.
services.—During the year the retirement of Dr. Mary
O’Malley, who was clinical director in charge of the women’s services,
left a vacancy which has been temporarily filled by having Dr.
S. A. Silk supervise professional and administrative work of the
Women’s division in addition to division number 1. His work in the
women’s division has been mainly directed toward the improvement
in classification and distribution of patients, and the opening of the
new women’s receiving building.
Preliminary to opening the new women’s receiving building the
admission service was divided into two services—C-service and PST.
ELIZABETHS HOSPITAL 401
service. With the opening of the women’s receiving building the
women’s department will have four services, namely, the women’s
receiving service, C-service, P-service, and Q-service, the Q-service
consisting altogether of colored patients. The new women’s receiving
building, or new admission building, was opened on June 22,
1936. It has many improvements over any of the other buildings
opened. It is not only provided with an admission suite, large and
small dormitories, single rooms, special-treatment rooms, cafeteria
service for all patients, occupational therapy room, hydrotherapy
department, continuous flow tubs, recreational room, but in addition,
beauty parlor, and rooms especially set aside for individual laundry
work by the patients.
Laboratory.—The work of the laboratory continued along the same
lines.
During the past year a considerable amount of effort has been expended
in looking up the literature of the physiology of the brain
and in reading up on the chemical and physiological ramifications,
involved.
Over 100 patients with neurologic conditions of unusual or difficult
type have been thoroughly studied during the past year.
Electro-encephalographic technique has been introduced and
gradually improved.
Psychological office.—During the year admission examinations and
notes on the white and Indian women’s service were made on 181
cases. Psychological examinations, 211 cases. Special examinations
and conferences, 76. Psychotherapeutic interviews 28. Lectures,
104.
Dr. Kendig is engaged in a study of the psychological material
which has accumulated over a period of 15 years in the hospital, in the
hope of learning something of the mental functions in dementia
precox. It will be recalled that Binet believed that each type of
mental illness was marked by a certain type of mental function, and
that psychology could identify these types as an aid in early diagnosis.
There have been a few sporadic attempts at research along
these lines, and it is hoped to do a better job than has so far been
done.
Dr. Hunt, a research fellow in psychology from Cornell, has been
at the hospital since February engaged on a problem in mental functioning
in depressed patients. He left on June 13.
Educational.—The hospital continues to cooperate with the various
educational institutions around Washington.
The teaching work with the George Washington medical students
was continued through the year as during the preceding year, with
402 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Dr. Lind acceptably substituting for Dr. Lewis in giving a course of
lectures to the first year medical students on medical psychology.
The arrangement for the second, third, and fourth year medical
students was unchanged with the exception that last fall Dr. Lind
gave the fourth-year students a course of lectures on the psychoneuroses
that had previously been given by Dr. Lewis. In addition,
Dr. Lind has continued to have a group of fourth-year students
during the year. Dr. Silk, Dr. Duval, and Dr. Twombly also assisted
with these students.
Dr. Hall has given two courses of clinical lectures and demonstrations
to the University of Maryland students in abnormal psychology.
The spring course was composed of 9 lectures and was
attended by some 30 students, and the summer course composed of
five sessions has about 75 students, most of them school teachers.
Dr. Karpman gave a course of lectures to the students of the
Howard University medical school.
The superintendent continues his lectures to the George Washington
medical students.
REVISION OF LAWS FOR THE ADMISSION OF PATIENTS
TO SAINT ELIZABETHS HOSPITAL
A bill has been introduced in Congress, upon the recommendation
of the District Commissioners, to change the method of admissions
to St. Elizabeths Hospital. The hospital cooperated with representatives
of the District upon the form of the proposed bill.
STAFF CHANGES JULY 1, 1935, TO JUNE 30, 1936
The following appointments were made during the year:
Internes: Clara L. Hoye, William F. Murphy, Arnold H. Ungerman
Daniel J. Sullivan, William Y. Baker, Moorman P. Prosser,
William H. Vicary, Zigmond M. Lebensohn, Samuel R. Berenberg,
Herbert A. Wiggers, Genevieve M. Stewart.
Visiting oto-laryngologist: David Davis.
Visiting urologist: Alan J. Chenery.
Visiting ophthalmologist: Ronald A. Cox.
The following resignations took effect during the year:
Internes: Sidney Berman, Walther H. Thiele, Eugene J. Alexander,
Stephen E. Kramer, Jr., Samuel R. Berenberg, Alfred R.
Abrams, and Durward G. Hall.
Clinical director: Mary O’Malley.
Director of laboratories: Nolan D. C. Lewis.
Visiting ophthalmologists: Francis C. Skilling and Ronald A. Cox.
Dr. William M. Kenna, senior medical officer, died during the year.
ST. ELIZABETHS HOSPITAL 403
PUBLICATIONS
White, William A., superintendent:
Outlines of Psychiatry. (14th Ed.) Dec. 1935. Nervous and Mental Disease
Publishing Co. Pp. 494.
Paranoia. From The Cyclopedia of Medicine. (Piersol.) Published by
F. A. Davis Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Pp. 601-606. 1935.
Emotions and Bodily Changes. (Special Review.) The Psychoanalytic
Review. Vol. XXII, No. 4, October 1935. Pp. 439-447.
20th Century Psychiatry. (Its Contribution to Man’s Knowledge of Himself.)
(Book.) W. W. Norton & Co., Inc., New York, 1936. Pp. 198.
The Influence of Psychiatric Thinking on General Medicine. Mental Hygiene,
Vol. XX, No. 2, April 1936. Pp. 189-204.
Cultural Lag and the “Insane.” Mental Hygiene, Vol. XX, No. 2, April 1936.
Pp. 334-338.
Personality, Psychogenesis, and Psychoses. (Lecture before Pennsylvania
School of Social Work, Philadelphia, Pa., April 29, 1935.) Journal of
Nervous and Mental Disease, Vol. 83, No. 6, June 1936.
Paranoia and Paranoid Conditions. Oxford Loose-Leaf Medicine, Vol. VII,
Chap. VII, Pp. 335-355. 1936.
Modern Housing of Mental Patients. (With Monie Sanger.) Published in
The Modern Hospital, Vol. 45, No. 1, July 1935. Pp. 42-47.
Karpman, Benjamin, senior medical officer :
Imitation of Life. Psychoanalytic Review, Vol. XXIII, No. 2, April 1936.
Pp. 149-172.
Fong, Theodore C., senior medical officer:
The Treatment of Neurosyphilis. The Military Surgeon, Vol. 78, No. 6,
June 1936. Pp. 449-456.
The Diathermy Treatment of Dementia Paralytica. Medical Record, May 6,
1936. Pp. 286-288.
Abrams, Alfred L., junior medical officer:
Epidemic Poliomyelitis in Washington. Medical Annals of the District of
Columbia, Vol. V, No. 5, May 1936. Pp. 126-130.
Richmond, Winifred V., psychologist:
An Introduction to Sex Education. (English edition with preface by Kenneth
Walker.) London, Jonathan Cape, 1936, 285 pages.
Ashby, Winifred M., bacteriologist:
The Preservation of Entigenic Specificity in Sheep Corpuscles. Journal of
Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, Vol. 21, No. 9, June 1936. Pp. 943-948.
Sanger, Monie, assistant to the superintendent:
Modern Housing of Mental Patients. (With William A. White.) Modern
Hospital, Vol. 45, July 1935. Pp. 42-47.
HOWARD UNIVERSITY
(Mobdecai W. Johnso n , President)
GENERAL TRENDS
1. Increased enrollment.—Forty-one States and 13 foreign countries
sent 1,970 students to Howard University during the school
year 1935-36, ,and 245 graduates were sent out from the graduate
school, the college of liberal arts, the school of engineering and
architecture, the school of music, the colleges of medicine, dentistry
and pharmacy, and the school of law. Enrollment continued on the
increase, showing a gain of 63 for the year and a gain of 344 or
21 percent since 1933-34, when the number of students reached the
bottom of the depression trough.
2. Advancing center of graduate education.—The graduate school
again showed increased enrollment, bringing students from 38 colleges
and universities in 30 States and 5 foreign countries; medicine
and law received freshman classes with 85 percent and 83 percent
of their students, respectively, of graduate status; religion graduated
its last class of college students ,and advanced to a wholly
graduate enrollment. Twenty-one and five-tenths percent of the
entire enrollment of the university was of graduate caliber.
3. Major service to the South.—Eighty-two and two-tenths percent
of all graduate enrollment and 75 percent of all the enrollment
came from the South, the States of the Negro’s majority
residence and greatest educational need.
4. Following up the graduates.—The university now has 9,782
graduates at work in 43 States and 24 foreign countries. Names and
addresses are classified by class, by school, by city, by State. The
registrar of the university with the help of National Youth Administration
funds, is making a study of the economic status of these
graduates, for report and review by the United States Office of
Education.
5. Progress in number and salaries of full-time teachers.—'The fulltime
teaching staff of the university showed an increase of 40 percent
over the full-time staff of 10 years ago and was in charge of 83
percent of all instruction. The faculties of medicine, law, and religion,
however, were still in need of increased full-time personnel
to meet the minimum requirements of instruction and the liberal
arts college faculty anticipated the need of additions to personnel
405
406 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
in 1937-38 to meet the rise in enrollment and the increase of graduate
work. The teaching staff had but slightly passed the halfway
mark in maturity, however, there being a manifest need for 30
mature teachers in the professorial rank. The salaries of teachers
had passed the minimum agreed upon 10-year-program figures and
were approximating the agreed upon average, except in the professorial
rank, where 10 teachers were still below the minimum and
the average annual salary was far from the agreed upon figure. In
numbers and in salary, the university was still heavily disadvantaged
at the most important point in its work, namely, the mature teaching
staff in the professorial rank.
6. Increased scholarly activity and publication.—The Journal of
Negro Education finished its fifth year of service with increased
prestige. The teachers were more active than ever before in learned
societies and published during the year 9 books and monographs and
138 scholarly articles, many of them representing creative contributions
to knowledge. Their eagerness for improved abilities continued
to be one of the most inspiring elements of the university life,
18 members, or 11 percent of the staff, being away on leave of absence
or on fellowships for further study.
7. New educational ventures succeed.—The school of engineering
and architecture passed successfully through its second year of independence,
with increased enrollment, and with all of its graduates
employed.
The dental college successfully carried through its second year of
work in the preparation of oral hygienists. The graduates uniformly
met the requirements for licensure in every State wherein
they underwent examination, but the percentage of employment was
low. The trustees inaugurated on the graduate level courses for the
preparation of professional social workers. Twenty-four students
were enrolled and were served by eight teachers.
8. Medicine receives $100,000 grant and takes forward steps in
clinical teaching.—The college of medicine received a grant of $100,090
from the General Education Board to provide able temporary leadership
in the departments of medicine and surgery, pending the training
and placement of permanent personnel. Facilities for the
clinical teaching of medicine were greatly improved by the establishment
of a tuberculosis clinic at the Freedmen’s Hospital by the Health
Department of the District of Columbia and the extension of facilities
for the study of contagious diseases at the Gallinger Hospital.
The General Education Board continued to provide fellowships for
the further training of teaching personnel.
9. School of law moves to main campus.—The school of law moved
from its downtown location to adequate and very promising quarters
HOWARD UNIVERSITY 407
on the university campus and experienced an unprecedented increase
in the number and quality of its first-year class.
10. Two new buildings about ready and two more on the way.—
The chemistry building, made possible by the appropriation of
$626,300 by the Public Works Administration, was completed. The
equipment and furniture were being installed, and it was estimated
to be ready for occupancy in September 1936. The appropriation
for the new university library had been restored from impoundment,
and specifications were being revised and printed for proposals. The
new heat, light, and power plant, made possible by an appropriation
of $555,577 by the Public Works Administration, was nearly completed
and was undergoing trials in the production of heat and
power. The architect’s contract for the new men’s dormitories, to
be erected from a Public Works appropriation of $525,006, had been
drawn and was waiting the approval of the Secretary of the Interior.
11. Increased income and expenditures.—While the total income of
the university during the year showed a decrease of $52,467.69, the
income for current purposes showed an increase of $36,905.89. Expenditures
were carefully budgeted, but with the most thoughtful
economy expenditures exceeded income by $1,364.98. There was an
increase in the amount and percentage of current funds used for
resident instruction and the general library, a reduction in the percentage
of funds spent for general administration and for athletics.
In the matter of resident instruction and the general library the percentages
approximated those planned in the 10-year program.
12. Increased scholarship and student aid.—Seven and one-half
percent of all student fees were again devoted to scholarship and
student aid. The university funds, with the help of the National
Youth Administration, were able to provide urgently needed aid for
a 25-percent increase in the number of students helped in the undergraduate
and graduate schools and approximately 100-percent increase
in the number of students given help in the professional
schools.
13. General appraisal of advance in a perspective of 10 years.—The
improvement which has taken place at Howard University during the
past 10-year period as the result of the planned cooperative support of
Government and private philanthropy has been the most constructive
and inspiring event in the current education of the Negro people.
This has been true because appropriations and gifts have been made
with the obvious purpose of establishing a first-class institution in
both personnel and equipment. While the work has been forwarded
in the matter of capital buildings during the last 3 or 4 years, it has not
received the needed increase of support in current funds for personnel,
books, and maintenance. Urgent need now appears in these items of
support.
408 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
14. Outstanding needs.—The outstanding needs of the university
are (1) 30 mature teachers in the professorial rank; (2) increased
scholarship funds for undergraduate students and substantial increases
in the number and size of fellowships for graduate students;
(3) $300,000 to double the gravely deficient book collection; and (4)
increased funds for maintenance to check the depreciation of the
plant which has set in as a result of the limited funds available during
the depression.
STUDENTS
1. Enrollment for the year 1935-6.—The total enrollment of Howard
University (see the table following) for the year 1935-36 was
1,970, of whom 1,072 were men and 898 were women, as compared
with the total of 1,907 for 1934—35, of whom 1,008 were men and 899
were women. A net gain of 63 students, or 3.3 percent, is shown, as
compared with a net gain of 281 students, or 17.3 percent, in 1934-35,
and a net loss of 267, or 14 percent, in 1933-34.
2. Geographical distribution.—Ninety-five and two-tenths percent
of the enrollment during the school year 1935-36 came from the continental
United States, while 4.8 percent came from without the borders
of the United States, as compared with 94.9 percent and 5.1
percent, respectively, during 1934-35. The percentage of candidates
for degrees coming from the District of Columbia during 1935-36
was 28.7 percent, as compared with 27.2 percent for the year 1934-35.
Net enrollments
Summary of students enrolled in Howard University for the years 1935-36 and
1934-35
Divisions of the university 1935-36 1934-35
Total
gain
Total
loss
Total Men Women Total Men Women
The colleges:
College of liberal arts_________________ 1,174 548 626 1,156 547 609 18
School of engineering and architecture. 52 52 0 27 27 0 25
School of music______________________ 55 20 35 60 24 36 5
Graduate school_____________________ 236 134 102 225 76 149 11 —
Total______________________________ 1, 517 754 763 1,468 674 794 54 5
Professional schools:
Theological college------------------------------ 8 7 1 11 10 1 3
Graduate school of theology---------------- 19 18 1 13 13 0 6
Law school__________________________ 62 56 6 44 43 1 18 —
School of medicine:
College of medicine______________ 142 135 7 168 161 7 26
College of dentistry---------------------- 38 37 1 35 34 1 3
College of pharmacy-------------------- 26 21 5 26 23 3
Total__________________________ 295 274 21 297 284 13 27 29
Total in regular courses------------------- 1, 812 1,028 784 1,765 958 807 81 34
Special students in music, law, dentistry,
religion________________________________ 158 44 114 142 50 92 16 —
Grand total (net)---------------------------- 1,970 1,072 898 1,907 1,008 899 63 —
HOWARD UNIVERSITY 409
Forty-one States sent 1,717 candidates for degrees in 1935-36, as
compared with 39 States sending 1,675 candidates for degrees in
1934—35. The gain of 42 candidates is shown to have been shared
by 21 States. The distribution of the regular enrollment of candidates
for degrees, by divisions, is as follows: From the North, 415
students, as follows: New England, 60; the Middle Atlantic States,
245; the East North Central States, 72; the West North Central
States, 38. From the South 1,294 students, as follows: From the
South Atlantic States, 1,105; from the East South Central States,
98; from the West South Central States, 91. From the West, 8
students, as follows: From the Mountain States, 2; from the Pacific
States, 6.
3. Students of advanced standing.—Eighty students from fiftyseven
institutions entered the college of liberal arts, the school of
engineering and architecture, and the school of music with advanced
standing. Seventy-nine of the one hundred and twenty students entering
the professional schools for the first time during the year
1935-36, or 66 percent, were equipped with 4 years or more of college
training. Of the 1,970 students in the entire institution, 424, or 21.5
percent, were persons holding one or more academic degrees.
4. Scholarship and student aid.—The trustees of Howard University
continued to set aside 7% percent of all student fees as a special
scholarship fund for needy students. They also made provisions
for increased work opportunities for students, and continued the use
of the installment system of fee payments. The National Youth
Administration awarded aid averaging $15 per month to 9.6 percent
of the full-time student body. Through these several means 407 students
in the undergraduate colleges received some assistance during
the course of the academic year, as yell as approximately 62 students
in the graduate school and 122 students in the professional schools.
Scholarships and student aid were awarded to students in the order
of their scholastic standing. Support was thereby given to all other
measures stimulating earnest scholarly work.
The committee on scholarships and student aid for the undergraduate
colleges reports that for the year 1935-36 it acted upon 1,500
applicants, as compared with 1,400 the year before. Ninety-eight
percent of these applicants were judged by the committee to be in
actual need of financial aid. The resources of the university together
with the assistance from the National Youth Administration, furnished
aid for only 39 percent of the total number of applicants.
The amount of scholarship and work aid available to the university
is far below the present need.
410 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
GRADUATES
1. Number and distribution.—The following table exhibits the
number of graduates from each division of the university during
1935-36, as compared with 1934-35. The table shows that there
was a total of 245 students graduated during the year, representing
a decrease of 30, as compared with the group of graduates in 1934-35.
The percentage of male graduates was 47 in 1935-36, as compared
with 53.7 in 1934-35, while the corresponding percentages of women
graduates were 53 and 46.3, respectively.
2. Honorary degrees.—Three honorary degrees were conferred at
commencement in June 1936. William Stuart Nelson, president of
Shaw University, Raleigh, N. C., and president-elect of Dillard University,
New Orleans, La., was awarded the degree of doctor of laws;
Edward H. Morris, attorney, of Chicago, Ill., was awarded the degree
of doctor of laws; and Richard Hausber Bowling, minister, First
Baptist Church, Norfolk, Va., was awarded the degree of doctor of
divinity.
3. Number and distribution of graduates.—The total number
of graduates of Howard University is now 9,782. Of this number
the registrar has 6,500 correct addresses in 43 States, the District of
Columbia, and 15 foreign countries. These addresses are classified
alphabetically, by States, by cities, by sex, by schools, and by classes.
In cooperation with the United States Office of Education, the registrar
of the university is now making a careful study of the economic
status of these graduates.
Graduates
Summary of students graduated by Howard University for the years
1935-36 and 1934-35
Division of the university 1935-36 1934-35
Gain Loss
Total Men Women Total Men Women
The colleges:
College of liberal arts 132 38 94 144 55 89 12
School of engineering and architectureschool
of music
6 6 o 0 0 0 6
3 2 1 5 1 4 2
Graduate school 45 20 25 38 13 25 7
Total ____________________________ 186 66 120 187 69 118 13 14
Professional schools:
Theological college- _ _ _ ____ 4 3 1 2 2 0 2
Graduate school of theologv 3 3 0 4 4 0 1
Law school _______ 4 4 0 10 10 0 6
School of medicine:
College of medicine _ _________ 35 33 2 55 53 2 20
College of dentistry:
4-ye.ar course 5 5 0 2 2 0 3
Dental hygiene 6 0 6 8 0 8 2
College of pharmacy 2 1 1 7 7 0 5
Total_________________ ______ ______ 59 49 10 88 78 10 5 34
Grand total (net) 245 115 130 275 147 128 30
HOWARD UNIVERSITY 411
TEACHING STAFF
1. Number and distribution of teachers.—There were 264 members
of the teaching staff during the school year 1935—36, of whom 133
were full-time and 131 were on part-time, representing together a
full-time equivalent of 160 teachers, as compared with a total of 241
members of the teaching staff during the year 1934-35, of whom 134
were on full time and 107 were on part time, representing together a
full-time equivalent of 156 teachers. This represents a loss of 1
full-time teacher and a gain of 24 part-time teachers—a net fulltime
equivalent gain of 4 teachers.
2. Number of teachers in relation to the 10-year program.—In the
10-year program for Eloward University agreed upon by the Government,
definite objectives were determined in regard to the ratio
of the students to teachers in each division of the university. The
status of our progress in relation to these objectives continues to be
favorable, but is not fully satisfactory and is in imminent danger of
being thrown far out of balance by increasing enrollment, if concurrent
increases in staff are not made. When the depression
caused the enrollment of the university to drop in the years from
1931-32 to 1933-34 the university reduced its staff by 44 members,
30 of whom were full-time teachers. In the 2 years 1933-34 to 1935-
36 enrollment has increased by 344 students, from 1,626 to 1,970, with
commensurate increase in the teaching load. During this 2-year
period, however, the university has been able to make no net additions
to the full-time staff, and such part-time additions as are the
equivalent of only six full-time teachers. The consequence is that
while the teaching staff in the college of liberal arts is adequate for
the undergraduate load, in most departments, it is pressed to the
limit of its resources to meet the added graduate load of 242! students.
Six teachers are now bearing loads of from 16 to 19 hours
and there are 50 classes above 30 in numbers. This college will be
urgently in need of additions in 1937-38 to meet an enrollment further
increasing toward normal.
In engineering and architecture the ratio of teachers to students
is favorable, but the nature of the subject matter is such that 5
teachers are bearing loads of from 16 to 19 hours. In music the
ratio is favorable, but an additional teacher specializing in the history
and appreciation of music is required to meet the needs of the
undergraduate college students.
The faculty of medicine has made great progress in providing able
teachers for its preclinical branches and needs only to fill a few gaps.
But in all the clinical branches there is urgent need of additional
teachers, particularly now in general medicine, obstetrics, pediatrics,
venereal diseases, psychiatry, and tuberculosis. The Rockefeller
412 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
Foundation and the General Education Board, already so greatly
helpful in the matter of preclinical teachers, have appropriated
$100,000 to provide the temporary leadership of highly competent
men in medicine and surgery, while the university selects, trains,
and places the additional personnel needed.
The faculties of dentistry and pharmacy are adequate in number
and are prepared to teach a much larger enrollment. Law has a
full-time faculty of minimum adequacy, but needs at least one additional
full-time teacher. The very nature of subject matter in religion
requires an increase of from three to five full-time teachers.
3. Full-time teachers.—One of the major problems confronting the
university has been to overcome the heavy preponderance of parttime
teachers in many branches of knowledge, who do their university
teaching as a supplement to active vocation elsewhere. Improvement
in this respect has been markedly steady and gratifying.
In 1925-26, with an enrollment of 2,213 students, the university had
only 79 full-time teachers. In 1935-36 the university had 133 fulltime
teachers, and they were offering 83 percent of all instruction.
While it is desirable to retain many part-time instructors for specialized
services, it is necessary further to increase the number and
preponderant weight of full-time personnel in medicine, law, and
religion.
4. 'Maturity of the staff.—Of the 160 (full-time equivalent) teachers
on the staff this year 32.8, or 20 percent, were professors; 24, or
15 percent, were associate professors; 27, or 16 percent, were assistant
professors; 61, or 38 percent, were in the rank of instructor and
below. On the basis of the 10-year program of development, our
present staff should have a distribution as follows: 64 professors, or
approximately double the present number; 16 associate professors;
32 assistant professors; and 48 instructors. The full professorial
staff is still seriously undermanned. The disparity in maturity is
not as great as the figures would show, however, for with the help
of the Julius Rosenwald Fund, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the
General Education Board the university has given opportunity for
further training to more than 100 members of the staff, for periods
of from 1 to 3 years in the best universities of America and Europe.
Several of these teachers, now mature and very able, are in the associate
and assistant professorial rank, awaiting advancement which
has been long delayed for lack of adequate funds.
5. Salaries of teachers—In the 10-year program of development
for Howard University the minimum, average, and maximum salary
scales for the teaching personnel were definitely fixed. The salary
situation for full-time teachers at Howard University at June 30,
1936, was as follows: The average instructional salary had reached
$1,916 which is $184 below the average of $2,100 agreed upon in
HOWARD UNIVERSITY 413
the 10-year program. The average salary for full-time assistant
professors had reached the level of $2,684 which is $152 below the
average of $2,800 agreed upon in the 10-year program. The average
associate professor’s salary had reached the sum of $3,446 or $54
below the average salary agreed upon. Fully 10 full-time professors,
however, were still receiving less than the minimum salary of $4,000
agreed upon in the program and the average professor’s salary was
$4,078 or $808 below the average of $5,000 agreed upon in the
program.
Here we place our finger upon the strategic center of further improvement.
All able men in the field of education are agreed that
competence in instruction depends primarily upon an adequate number
of mature and able teachers with salaries adequate to assure their
full-time attention to their work. Howard University needs («)
to advance the salaries of the men in its professorial rank, (5) to
bring into that rank, by advancement, the worthy teachers who are
prepared to do its work, and (
the physical, health, and sanitary conditions of settlements.
COMMERCIAL AVIATION
While the first air service in the Territory began operations about
15 years ago, records have been kept only during the past 9 years,,
during which time 60,000 passengers have been carried and 6,819,411
pounds of freight and mail, with a total number of only 27 fatalities..
Statistics for the fiscal year 1936 show 79 planes in service covered
2,130,929 plane miles, 16,982 passengers carried for 3,035,018 passenger-
miles, and 2,418,616 pounds of mail and freight carried.
The widespread area of the Territory, coupled with the fact that
prior to the advent of air travel the principal routes of commercial
traffic followed the short lines and river courses, with a resultant
slow passage of mail, freight, and passengers, influenced Alaskan
industries to readily avail themselves of the advantages offered by
efficient and rapid air-service companies which have from year to
year begun operations, until this service now extends to practically
all sections of Alaska.
BUREAU OF AIR COMMERCE
When the expansion of airplane service in Alaska created a
necessity, this Bureau assigned a supervising aeronautical inspector
with headquarters at Anchorage, from which he covers the entire
Territory. His duties embrace the inspection of all aircraft operating
in Alaska, the testing and licensing of all pilots and mechanics,
and enforcement of Air Commerce Regulations and Air
Traffic Rules, all of which has been accomplished with promptness
and efficiency. At the end of the fiscal year there were 70 licensed
commercial airplanes, with as many pilots. Commercial planes
mainly operate from five large bases: Juneau, Cordova, Anchorage,
Fairbanks, and Nome.
The areronautical inspector acts as coordinating agent for all
bodies interested in the promotion and development of aviation, and
has cooperated generously in making surveys of proposed landing
fields, as part of an airport program to aid in the development of
natural resources by enlarging the scope of air service.
There were two major accidents the past year, the Hines plane of
Fairbanks lost with all four persons aboard, and the unfortunate
accident 15 miles from Point Barrow which took the lives of Will
Rogers and Wiley Post.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF ALASKA 33
WEATHER BUREAU
Airways weather reports from 35 observers throughout Alaska
:are available to aviation interests daily. These observations are
generally transmitted by radio twice each day and contain data in
regard to the ceiling, visibility, and general flying conditions. Observations
are available from 27 additional stations upon request.
This service is made possible by the Alaska Communications System
(Signal Corps) having arranged a special network schedule providing
a rapid dissemination of this information to strategic points in
Alaska.
In addition to the airway observations from intermediate stations,
the commissioned Weather Bureau offices at Juneau, Fairbanks, and
Nome receive meteorological data from ships plying the north Pacific
Ocean and from designated points in Alaska and the States, from
which weather maps are constructed and daily weather forecasts
issued.
Aviation is developing very rapidly in Alaska making it necessary
to enlarge the airway weather service. To accomplish this additional
funds are urgently needed.
The climatological service expanded from 38 reporting stations on
July 1, 1935, to 65 at the end of the fiscal year. The headquarters
office at Juneau has in process of compilation a summary of all official
weather statistics available for each climatological station in Alaska.
This will be published as Bulletin W, and will be in three sections,
the first pertaining to southeastern Alaska, the second comprising
the interior valleys, and the third pertaining to western and northern
Alaska.
ALASKA HISTORICAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
The Historical Library and Museum at Juneau displays aboriginal
and historical specimens from all Alaska, and offers a rare opportunity
for study of the arts and crafts, social and economic life of
the Eskimo, Thlingit, and Aleut races. The library contains many
rare old volumes on the early discoveries and conquests of the North.
Appreciation of its value is indicated by an increasing number of
visitors each year.
UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA
At the fourteenth annual commencement of the University of
Alaska, (formerly, Alaska Agricultural College and School of Mines)
held at College, Alaska, on May 18, 18 students were awarded diplomas
as follows: 1 in agriculture, 4 in arts and letters, 3 in busi34
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF ALASKA
ness administration, 2 in chemistry, 4 in civil engineering, 1 in
general science, 1 in home economics, and 2 in geology and mining.
The enrollment of 193 regular students for the year was a marked
increase over the 164 enrolled the previous year. The freshman
class of 88 was the largest in the history of the institution. In addition
the following were enrolled in short courses: 47 in home economics,
20 in mining, and 469 in mining extension, making a grand
total for all students of 729.
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS
With the sum of $4,000 per annum provided by the Territory and
the sum of $15,000 per annum provided by the Federal Government
under the Hatch Act for use in agricultural experiment work, 15
projects have been undertaken at the college station and 13 projects
at the Matanuska substation. The projects carried on at the college
station are: Administration, publications, buildings, peat, native red
top, blueberries, red currants, red raspberries, wheat breeding, pea
breeding, field crop rotation, vetch, forage crops, seed production,
and seed increase. At the Matanuska substation, the following
projects are being carried on: Administration, crop rotation, dairying,
forage crop investigation, potato production, small fruits, ornamentals,
creamery, beekeeping, sheep breeding, buildings, canningpea
investigation, yellow-flowered alfalfa, and pasture and forage
grass investigation.
An additional sum of $559.12 was provided by the Bankhead-
Jones Act, effective June 29, 1935, which was matched with Territorial
funds. This is being used for research work at the Matanuska
station.
UNIVERSITY EXTENSION SERVICE
Funds available under the Smith-Lever Act, together with a cooperative
appropriation by the Territory, provided the extension
service with $16,000 for the year. The personnel consists of a
director, a home demonstration leader, and a clerk at university
headquarters; a veterinarian with headquarters at Juneau to more
closely contact the fur-farming industry of southeastern Alaska;
and a district agricultural agent and a home demonstration agent
at Palmer in the Matanuska Valley, provided through the cooperation
of the Alaska Rural Rehabilitation Corporation for 1 year td‘
aid the farmers of this valley.
The primary purposes of the extension service is the development
of rural people, by carrying to the farm the best information obtainable
concerning agriculture and home-making, through close cooperation
with experiment stations as a source of information. The
home demonstration leader organized Homemakers’ clubs in 11 comREPORT
OF THE GOVERNOR OF ALASKA 35
munities; also enrolled 500 boys and girls in 4-H clubs, 5 of these
clubs being conducted by correspondence because it was impossible
for the extension service representative to visit the communities. A
4-H club leader is greatly needed to meet the demand for this work.
Two important projects receiving attention were dairying and home
gardening. Interest is being developed in other livestock such as
beef cattle, horses, hogs, and sheep; poultry and hay and crop
production are problems needing assistance. Commencing July 1,
1936, additional Federal funds will be available through the Farmers’
Cooperative Act and the Capper-Ketcham Act, which will permit
of enlarged activities to coincide with the increasingly important
part which agriculture is certain to play in the future
development of Alaska.
LIVESTOCK INSPECTION
The veterinarian of the university extension service is ex-officio
Territorial veterinarian, to render assistance to the fur-farming industry,
and to carry out the provisions of the Livestock Inspection
Act. His headquarters are at Juneau, from which he contacts the
fur farmers by personal visits and by correspondence.
The Livestock Inspection Act protects the Territory against the
importation of animals with contagious diseases; it also provides for
annual inspection of domestic animals by the veterinarian and quarantine
and slaughter of any found to be suffering from contagious
disease, with partial compensation to the owner. Dairymen have
cooperated enthusiastically in this work, realizing its value to themselves
and to the public.
TERRITORIAL SCHOOLS
The Territorial public schools organized for the education of the
white and mixed-blood children, are of two classes—namely, schools
within the incorporated cities and incorporated school districts, and
rural schools located outside the incorporated cities and incorporated
school districts. Rural schools are further divided to include schools
in regularly organized school districts and special schools maintained
m communities where the population is insufficient to warrant the
establishment of school districts.
The Territorial schools are largely supported by appropriatons
from the Terrtorial treasury, augmented by 25 percent of the Alaska
fund, which consists of a variety of Federal taxes collected in the
Territory. This fund nets the school approximately $50,000 per
year. Schools within incorporated cities and incorporated school
districts derive from 20 to 30 percent of their operating costs from
local taxation; the remaining 70 to 80 percent is furnished by the
36 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF ALASKA
Territory. All funds for the support of the rural schools and of
the special schools are furnished by the Territory.
The Territorial schools, including the elementary schools and high
schools are under the general supervision of a Territorial board of
education, with the commissioner of education as executive officer
of the board.
The 1935 legislature accepted the provisions of the George-Ellzey
Act made applicable to the Territory by Congress in 1934. Under
this act, the Federal Government makes available the sum of $15,000
annually for the promotion of vocational education. The legislature
appropriated a like amount for this purpose, and a full-time supervisor
is now employed to promote this work.
The teaching staff employed in the Territorial schools is excellently
trained. Graduation from a 3-year standard normal school or its
equivalent is a prerequisite for the Alaska elementary certificate.
High school teachers are required to be graduates of standard 4-year
colleges and to have completed a minimum of 15 semester hours in
education. The average teacher in the Territory has had 9 years
of teaching experience, 4 of which have been in the Alaska schools.
During the past year the annual turnover of teachers has decreased
from about 40 to 18 percent of the total number employed.
Four-year high schools, accredited by the University of Washington,
are maintained in 10 cities, as follows: Anchorage, Cordova,
Douglas, Fairbanks, Juneau, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Seward, Sitka,
and Wrangell. The high schools at Anchorage, Cordova, Douglas,
Fairbanks, Juneau, Ketchikan, Nome, Petersburg, Seward, Sitka,
Skagway, and Wrangell are also accredited by the Northwest Association
of Secondary and Higher Schools. Nonaccredited high
schools are maintained at Haines, Nenana, and Valdez.
OFFICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
SCHOOL SERVICE
The Office of Indian Affairs, in its educational work among the
natives of Alaska is definitely committed to a program of progressive
education; formalized teaching is being discarded and the school
program built on a two-fold basis—(1) the experience and interests
of the child and (2) the needs of his environment.
The teachers are community workers and teachers in a school
which is definitely a community center; often they are social service
workers, vocational teachers, gardeners, electricians, engineers,
plumbers, dispensers of medical aid, and general all around advisors
to their village population. Appointments to vacancies in these
schools are now made through the Civil Service Commission, and
qualifications include citizenship and graduation from a standard
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF ALASKA 37
4-year college or university. Competent supervisors of social welfare
work have assisted the teaching personnel and the Juneau office in
improving the social and economic life of the natives.
During the past year 104 schools were maintained, with an enrollment
of 4,464, including 2 industrial boarding schools and 1 school
for the blind with an enrollment of 11. This does not include adult
classes. A staff of 196 teachers were employed, of whom 27 were
men and women of native blood. The cost of maintaining these
schools was approximately $450,000, to which was added administrative,
travel, and destitution expense, making a total of $626,000
charged against education for natives in 1935-36. The budget for
next year includes a building program of $440,500 for 40 new buildings
which are greatly needed.
The sum of $19,576 was expended from the educational funds for
relief of destitution; in the form of direct relief for recipients who
were old or sick; or as payment in kind for required work when it
could be rendered.
Loans for educational purposes were continued, 16 young men and
women having received help this year for work at seven educational
institutions, in training for teachers and other professions.
With the extension of the Wheeler-Howard Act to Alaska on May
1, 1936, this Bureau has facilities for directly influencing the economic
conditions of the Indians, as well as their education and health.
Funds for establishing approved business enterprises in an Indian
community will be available after the community has taken the
necessary steps to organize and adopt a constitution, and receive a
charter from the Secretary of the Interior.
MEDICAL SERVICE
Modern ideas of hygiene and sanitation are slowly being adopted
by the natives, due to the far-reaching activities of this service, but
good health conditions will not prevail until their economic status
is improved.
Tuberculosis is still a major health problem; during the last calendar
year 241 native deaths were reported from this cause, a ratio
of 8.03 per thousand as compared to 6.55 per thousand for the 5-
year period, 1926 to 1930.
Six hospitals were maintained with full-time physicians in charge,
and 17 nurses on duty. Seven communities were served by parttime
physicians and 25 nurses were on field work. Statistics for the
fiscal year show 81,647 dispensary treatments given; 28,506 home
visits made; 1,295 cases given 47,154 days hospitalization; 3,484
immunizations given; 6,566 dispensary treatments and 25,932 days
hospitalization for tuberculosis; total deaths 316, of which 114 were
38 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF ALASKA
from tuberculosis; number of births 387. In addition, 7,720 days
hospital relief to natives were furnished in private hospitals in the
Territory and in the States.
Dental needs of the natives were administered to by two full-time
dentists: 2,211 treatments were given, 3,023 fillings, 2,694 extractions,
and 2,398 total examinations. Cooperation was given the Waugh
dental survey in its studies on the lower Kukokwim River.
Additional hospitals and personnel are needed to render a more
effective medical service for the natives in Alaska.
TERRITORIAL HEALTH COMMISSION
The Commissioner of Health reports a total of 5,572 recorded cases
of communicable diseases, influenza leading with 2,303, with 20
deaths during the past year. These figures are inaccurate because
all cases are not reported to him. No deaths were reported due to
diseases which can be prevented by immunization, namely: Smallpox,
diphtheria, typhoid and scarlet fever, which tends to prove the efficiency
of the immunization programs, especially that of the Office
of Indian Affairs.
With increased funds for this purpose from the Federal Government
under the provisions of the Social Security Act, there is under
way a systematic survey and immunization of all children, both
Indians and whites, under the age of 21. It is estimated 80 to 90
percent of the population will eventually be reached with this
measure.
The Social Security Act became operative in Alaska on March 1,
1936, with cooperative participation in the public health, maternal
and child health, and crippled children programs, as outlined by
provisions of the act. As a result, a number of additional workers
were added to the staff of the Commissioner of Health; but if
Alaska is to reap full benefits of the act, it will be necessary for the
Territory to make increased appropriations for its health program.
The Alaska Tuberculosis Association is cooperating with the
Health Commission in its attempt to make an accurate survey of
families and persons afflicted with tuberculosis. At present there
are practically no hospital facilities in the Territory for care of
this disease. A hospital building program of sufficient magnitude
to accommodate all incipient and advanced cases is being urged as
the only adequate means of combating the disease.
Alaska Insane.—During the year 42 persons were admitted to
Morningside Hospital where the legally adjudged insane from the
Territory have been cared for under contract with the Department
of Interior for 32% years. During this period a total of 1,614
patients have been admitted from Alaska.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF ALASKA 39
UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
The Public Health Service furnishes medical relief to sick or
disabled seamen at the following ports: Ketchikan, Wrangell, Petersburg,
Juneau, Sitka, Cordova, Seward, Unalaska, and Nome. A
local physician is appointed as acting assistant surgeon for this
purpose at each of the ports except Unalaska and Nome, where
necessary relief for beneficiaries of the Service is arranged for by
the deputy collector of customs. The act of March 21, 1936, extended
the benefits of this Service to include crew members of all
■Government vessels other than the Navy or those situated in the
Panama Canal, and cadets and crews of merchant marine school
ships. During the year 4,108 days of hospital relief were furnished
to beneficiaries in contract hospitals, 7,504 office treatments and 1,467
physical examinations given.
Approximately 11,030 examinations and 990 vaccinations were
made at mainland Pacific coast stations for employees of Alaska
•canneries.’
This Service continued to detail medical and dental officers to the
Coast Guard cutters operating in Alaska.
REINDEER SERVICE
Information based on actual check in many instances, observations
and study of Reindeer Service activities throughout the past
year indicate the following:
1. Number of reindeer on ranges_______________________________ 594, 000
2. Number of reindeer handled past year________________________ 204, 759
3. Number of newly marked reindeer___________________________ 80, 836
4. Number of reindeer owned by whites or Lapps_________________ 161, 275
5. Percent of white or Lapp ownership in relation to total number of
reindeer________________________________________________ 27
•6. Number of native cooperative reindeer associations, Kodiak Island
to Barrow______________________________________________ 32
7. Number of shareholders in above companies____________________ 3, 689
8. Estimated native population depending upon reindeer in some
degree (estimated)__________________________________ 10,000
.9. Number of reindeer reported consumed by natives for food, clothing,
and other purposes__________________________________ 34, 540
The Reindeer Service employs five unit managers, under direction
of a general supervisor, to supervise the reindeer areas between Goodnews
Bay and Kivalina. They traveled approximately 500 days
during the year in connection with round-ups, butcherings, markings,
and other reindeer activities, their duties being to supervise and
advise the native owners and associations. Cooperating with the
Reindeer Service are the Indian Office teachers, whose intimate
40 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF ALASKA
knowledge of the native life makes their services as local reindeer
superintendents of profound importance.
A shipment of 1,160 native-owned reindeer carcasses was trans
ported by the Indian Office on the North Star to supply the demand
from southeastern Alaska.
Continued depredation of reindeer herds by wolves has resulted
in the Biological Survey cooperating with the Reindeer Service in
sending into the reindeer areas an experienced predatory animal
trapper to instruct and assist the natives.
AMERICAN RED CROSS
The Alaskan chapters of the American Red Cross carried on as
usual with this important work throughout the past year, raising
their assigned quotas of funds with little effort. The people of the
Territory are mindful of the several instances in the past when the
Red Cross has promptly come to the aid of stricken persons in time
of necessity. While no major catastrophe occurred during the past
year, the local Red Cross chapters have answered many calls for the
relief of persons who have suffered losses by fire, or otherwise in
need.
PUBLIC WELFARE
General superintendence of the poor and needy of the Territory
is vested in the Governor. Alaska has always maintained a generous
program of relief for its citizens, supported by biennial legislative
appropriations to cover operating expenses of the Pioneers7
Home; allowances for aged pioneers; allowances for dependent children;
care of incorrigible and homeless children; and further temporary
relief of the needy and destitute.
PIONEERS’ HOME
The Pioneers’ Home at Sitka was created by the Territorial legislature
in 1913 and has been operated continuously since that time,
being wholly supported by Territorial funds.
The management of the home is in a board of trustees, of which
the Governor is chairman. Any worthy citizen incapable of selfsupport
who is qualified by 5 years’ residence in Alaska and who
has no relative liable under law for his or her support, may be
admitted to the home upon application submitted to the board of
trustees. On June 30, 1936, there was a resident roll of 178 men at
the home, housed in a modern fireproof concrete building. Additional
space can be provided in the upper unfinished portion of the
building, and it is estimated that when this is done accommodations
can be provided for 200 residents.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF ALASKA 41
OLD-AGE ALLOWANCES
The board of trustees also passes upon application for allowance
in lieu of admission to the Pioneer’s Home. This allowance may be
granted to any indigent pioneer resident who is a citizen of the
United States and who has attained the age of 65 years or in case
of a woman the age of 60 years and who has resided in Alaska continuously
for 25 years. The maximum allowance for a woman is
$45 per month and the maximum for a man $35.
An appropriation of $400,000 was made for the biennium 1935-37.
Expenditures for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1936, were $145,547,
representing an average amount per month of $23.64 to an average
number of 513 beneficiaries.
DEPENDENT CHILDREN
A board of children’s guardians in each judicial division of the
Territory—composed of the judge of the district court, the United
States marshal, and one woman citizen appointed by the Governor,
all of whom serve without compensation and hold office for a period
of 3 years—has power to conclude arrangements with persons or
institutions for the care of dependent children at such rates as may
be agreed upon, and to appoint agents. This board is charged with
the legal guardianship of all children under 16 years of age committed
to it by the juvenile court. The sum of $25,767 was expended
by these boards for the fiscal year, an average of 92 children
being cared for monthly.
The Governor has authority to grant monthly allowances to aid
mothers who are left alone and unable to care for their children
under 16 years of age, except those for whom provision is alreadymade
by the Department of the Interior. The maximum allowance
which can be granted is $25 monthly for one child, and $15 monthly
for each additional child. The sum of $24,087 was expended for
the fiscal year, for an average of 115 children monthly.
OTHER TERRITORIAL RELIEF
Provision is made by the Territory for temporary relief of the
needy and indigent, to provide food, clothing, medical care, burial
expenses, and other necessities. The 1935 legislature appropriated
$25,000 annually to be administered directly by the Governor, and
another fund of $40,000 annually which is administered by the four
district judges in cooperation with the Governor. In addition, 10
percent of the receipts of the Alaska fund (funds collected from
occupation and trade licenses outside of incorporated towns in
Alaska) are set aside for expenditure by the district judges in relief
of needy persons incapacitated through age, nonage, or illness.
42 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF ALASKA
These funds are deposited in the United States Treasury and the
sum of $20,000 appropriated annually by Congress.
FEDERAL EMERGENCY RELIEF ADMINISTRATION
The Federal Government continued its relief activities by making
grants to the Governor as administrator for the Federal Emergency
Relief Administration in Alaska for both direct relief and
work relief projects. Distribution was made by the staff of the
administrator at Juneau headquarters, through local E. R. A. committees
in towns and communities, and through the United States
district judges as divisional administrators in cooperation with
their distribution of Territorial direct relief, assisted by their commissioners
in the various towns and precincts. In towns of native
population only, teachers of the Office of Indian Affairs were essential
members of local committees.
During August 1935 a complete accounting to date of all grants
was rendered by the Territorial officers to the F. E. R. A. and the
United States Treasury Department, and on September 1, 1935, disbursement
activities were transferred from the offices of the Territorial
auditor and treasurer to the Federal State accounts office and
the State disbursement office, newly established by the Treasury
Department in Alaska.
A total of $175,333 was expended for work relief, from F. E. R. A.
funds.
A total of $142,297 for direct relief was distributed, of which
$60,347 was F. E. R. A. funds and $81,950 Territorial relief.
The foregoing figures are exclusive of institutional and categorical
aid in the form of old-age assistance, aid to dependent children or
aid to the blind and crippled children, and exclusive of relief expenditures
by the Office of Indian Affairs or other bureaus through
which relief funds were expended.
The fertile Matanuska Valley was selected as the site of an agricultural
colony which was established by the Federal Emergency
Relief Administration. The purpose of the project is the rehabilitation
of 200 families selected by the State relief agencies from the
drought-stricken regions of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.
In the Matanuska Valley, where climatic and farming conditions are
very similar, it is believed they will have a better opportunity to
become self-sustaining. The families arrived at Palmer in two
contingents, on May 10 and May 24, 1935.
The Alaska Rural Rehabilitation Corporation was incorporated as
a nonprofit organization for the purpose of administering the project,
which is financed by funds appropriated under the Federal Emergency
Act of 1933, and subsequent relief acts. The colonists are
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF ALASKA 43
financed in the purchase of land, buildings, equipment, and necessary
subsistence.
Previous to the arrival of the colonists, new roads were surveyed
and 200 tracts of 40 acres or more were surveyed and numbered.
The colonists drew their land by lot. Construction work started immediately,
clearing homesites, drilling wells, and building roads.
Six hundred men from the transient division of the California
Emergency Relief Administration assisted in the work. Construction
of dwellings and other farm buildings went forward rapidly.
By November 14 all colonists were in permanent, furnished homes,
and shelter was provided for all stock.
Work was continued throughout the winter by colonists and a
small construction crew, and by spring all houses were completed
and the average colonist had a good area of timberland slashed and
ready for stump pulling as soon as the ground thawed. About May
1 tractors and clearing crews began this work, and by the end of
June approximately 270 acres had been cleared, and 1,185 acres
plowed and planted to hay, barley, wheat, oats, potatoes, and garden
vegetables. In addition to supplying winter food for the colonists
and their livestock, these crops will provide a surplus for market.
The home preservation of large quantities of salmon and native
berries was carried on during the summer of 1936 as well as the
previous summer.
All of the farms have been provided with farm machinery and
livestock. By the summer of 1936, 200 Guernsey cows, 220 horses,
240 Duroc-Jersey hogs, 8,500 White Leghorn pullets, and 600 purebred
Romney sheep were on hand, the nucleus of future herds and
flocks.
The civic center at Palmer provides administrative, industrial,
educational, and recreational facilities for the surrounding farming
community.
Practical assistance is rendered the farmers by the resident agricultural
extension agent, the home demonstration agent, and the experiment
station near Matanuska. Six Homemakers’ clubs, four
4—H clubs, and a Future Farmers of America club have been organized;
also several social and fraternal organizations established.
Plans are being formulated with the assistance of the United
States Department of Agriculture for the establishment of a cooperative
marketing organization. All farmers in the valley will be
eligible to join. All agricultural products produced by the colonists
and other members will be marketed through the cooperative owned
and operated by the producers. It is anticipated that butter will be
on the market by October 1, 1936, and eggs shortly thereafter. Controlled
production and cooperative marketing are the keynotes of the
farming program.
44 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF ALASKA
PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION
The benefits of Public Works Administration funds were extended
to Alaska in the fall of 1933 with an allotment for road building
purposes to the Alaska Road Commission. Additional allotments
for the same purpose were made during the past year.
The public school building program begun during the spring of 1934
with an allotment of $175,500 was continued with work starting in
the spring of 1936 on the nineteenth and final building of the allotment,
the Nome school. Progress was also being made toward the
completion of three additional school buildings with a grant of
$27,000 (45 percent of cost) under the non-Federal division of the
P. W. A.
An allotment of $14,150 to the Division of Territories and Island
Possessions was being used for rehabilitation of the Governor’s house
at Juneau.
Non-Federal division of the Public Works Administration was
extended to Alaska in 1933 by the appointment of the Governor as
acting State engineer to accept applications for loans and grants
from municipalities for needed civic improvements. As loans and
grants were made and preparations begun for actual construction,
the inspection division and audit section of the Public Works Administration
were established to supervise these respective activities.
INCORPORATED TOWNS
There are 17 incorporated towns in Alaska. The total assessed
valuation for the fiscal year 1936 was $24,517,412, an increase of
$205,488 over 1935. The rates of taxation range from 5 to 20 mills.
John W. Troy ,
Governor of Alaska.
o
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Haro ld L. Ickes , Secretary
TERRITORY OF HAWAII
JOSEPH B. POINDEXTER, Governor
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
TO THE
SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
FOR THE
FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1936
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON: 1936
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 15 cents
CONTENTS
Page
Agriculture and forestry______________________________________ 33
Agricultural experiment station, Hawaii---------------------------------------- 36
Attorney general’s department_________________________________ 56
Aviation, commercial_________________________________________ 32
Banks and trust companies____________________________________ 16
Birth, certificates, Hawaiian____________________________________ 10
Commerce:
Imports and exports______________________________________ 28
Customs receipts________________________________________ 30
County and city and county governments:
Income of counties_______________________________________ 12
Sources and distribution of revenues in the Territory and counties— 12
Courts:
Territorial courts________________________________________ 62
Domestic relations_______________________________________ 63
Federal court___________________________________________ 63
Education (see also Public instruction)___________________________ 42
Elections__________________________________________________ 9
Emergency Conservation Work_________________________________ 4
Federal Emergency Relief Administration________________________ 2
Finances:
Bonded debt, June 30, 1936________________________________ 13
Taxes_________________________________________________ 14
Consolidated statement of operations________________________ 20
Consolidated statement of funds, resources, and obligations_______ 19
Harbor commissioners________________________________________ 40
Hawaii National Park________________________________________ 6
Hawaiian Homes Commission__________________________________ 7
Health, board of____________________________________________ 50
Tuberculosis____________________________________________ 52
Hospital for insane_______________________________________ 52
Health Service, Federal Public_________________________________ 54
Highway department, Territorial_______________________________ 39
Internal revenue, Federal_____________________________________ 29
Lands, public_______________________________________________ 32
Legislature_________________________________________________ 11
Leprosy___________________________________________________ 53
Libraries__________________________________________________ 46
National Guard_____________________________________________ 47
Pineapple industry__________________________________________ 5
Population and race statistics__________________________________ 31
Postal Service______________________________________________ 30
Prison____________________________________________________ 58
Public instruction___________________________________________ 42
Public utilities______________________________________________ 57
Public works_______________________________________________ 38
Retirement system__________________________________________ 28
Schools (see also Public instruction)_____________________________ 42
Tourist trade_______________________________________________ 5
University of Hawaii_________________________________________ 45
in
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF
HAWAII
Execut ive Chambers ,
Honolulu, Hawaii, September 10, 1936.
The Secretary of the Interi or .
Sir : Pursuant to instructions contained in your letter of June 23,
1936, I have the honor to submit the following report of the affairs
in and of the progress and development of the Territory of Hawaii
during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1936.
The estimated population of the Territory, 393,277, shows an
increase of 8,840 over the previous year, or 24,941 since the Federal
census of 1930. The past year’s increase has been general throughout
the islands, all counties reporting gains, though the city and county
of Honolulu accounted for the greater portion of the increase. The
population of the city and county of Honolulu is now estimated at
216,861 or about 55 percent of the total population of the Islands.
To keep pace with Hawaii’s population growth, building activities
have been very brisk, and in the city and county of Honolulu alone
permits for new buildings during the past year amounted to $3,586,344,
the highest since 1931. The construction of dwellings accounted for
most of the permits, there being a very noticeable shortage of rental
property to take care of the large increases in Army and Navy personnel
and mainland people coming to make permanent homes in
Hawaii.
The Tourist Bureau reported a substantial increase in the number
of tourists, many of whom, realizing the many climatic and other
advantages of Hawaii, decide to make their homes here.
Hawaii’s principal industry, the production of sugar, enjoyed a
very profitable year. With benefit payments from the Agricultural
Adjustment Administration amounting to $13,323,861, and with
prices remaining firm, some plantations which had not paid any dividends
for many years were able to do so during the past year. The
enactment of the Agricultural Adjustment Act and the Jones-Costigan
Sugar Quota Act, which latter act local planters envisioned as discriminatory
to Hawaii, have turned out to be exceedingly beneficial
to the sugar industry.
Shipments to and from the mainland and foreign countries showed
an increase of nearly $20,000,000 over the previous year. Exports of
local products amounted to $100,033,996, while imports amounted to
1
2 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
$84,553,972, a healthy balance in Hawaii’s favor. Of the local
products exported, sugar made up $58,679,773 and pineapples—
canned, fresh, and juice—$34,037,862.
Internal-revenue payments made to the Federal Treasury amounted
to $7,980,700.63, the highest since 1922, and exceeded each of 16
of the sovereign States.
Upon information furnished me by the financial officers of the
Territory indicating that funds would be available, an executive
order, effective July 1, 1936, was promulgated on June 2, 1936, increasing
all salaries payable to officers and employees of the Territorial
government which were in effect on May 21, 1935, by 6 percent.
This salary adjustment, together with a 5 percent increase made mandatory
by the legislature by Act 215, S. L. 1935, and effective July 1,
1935, practically restores all Territorial salaries to the levels that were
in effect on July 1, 1932.
The past year has seen further experimental flights by Pan-American
Airways. Their clipper service, carrying mail and express from
California to China via Honolulu, Midway, Wake, and Guam, is now
established, with flights once a week each way. The people of Hawaii
are anxiously awaiting the inauguration of the passenger service,
scheduled for some time during 1936.
The Army, Navy, and Coast Guard, as well as other Federal
departments represented in Hawaii, have, through their representatives
here, been most cooperative with the Territorial administration.
In spite of Hawaii’s prosperity, as reflected in the above figures,
unemployment still continues to present serious problems. While
the peak total of 6,282 of February 1934 has been greatly reduced,
there were still 4,378 persons on the relief roll on June 30, 1936.
Details of emergency relief and various other activities of the
Territorial administration follow:
FEDERAL EMERGENCY RELIEF ADMINISTRATION
Around a nucleus of Federal Emergency Relief Administration
expenditures of $2,724,960.72 during the fiscal year July 1, 1935, to
June 30, 1936, the Federal relief agency in Hawaii maintained an average
of 4,286 persons employed on worthwhile projects of permanent
value at a total cost of $3,613,665.60, the remaining $888,704.88 representing
expenditures from the Territorial unemployment relief tax of
one-half of 1 percent, and contributions for materials, supplies, and
equipment from various Federal and Territorial Government departments
and the counties.
The Federal Emergency Relief Administration expenditures were
$2,724,960.72 during the year, as compared with similar contributions
of $2,358,000 during the previous fiscal period.
EEPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 3
In. addition, $238,837.22 was disbursed for direct relief from the
proceeds of the Territorial unemployment relief tax of one-half of 1
percent on all earned and unearned income in the islands, direct
relief having been transferred from the Federal Government to the
Territory on July 17, 1935. Between July 1 and 17, the Federal
Emergency Relief Administration also disbursed $33,893.43 from this
Territorial fund for labor, out of total collections of $595,355.68,
during the year.
Of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration expenditures,
$2,518,759.38 went for salaries and wages; $26,298.18 for trucks and
equipment; and $179,903.16 for supplies, materials, and other
expenses.
Of the other expenditures on Federal Emergency Relief Administration
projects, $613,419.69 came from the four counties in Hawaii;
$89,188.11 from Territorial departments; $97,934.94 from the United
States Army; $24,855.29 from the United States Navy; $28,296.03
from other Federal departments; and $1,117.39 from other sources.
The county contributions were segregated as follows: Oahu,
$237,105.10; Hawaii, $166,578.91; Kauai, $45,194.64; and Maui,
$164,541.04, including $25,677.46 on the Island of Molokai.
On June 30, 1936, there were 4,378 persons on the relief pay rolls,
a reduction of 271 from the number on the rolls on July 1, 1935.
By islands, the 4,378 were divided as follows: Oahu, 2,320; Hawaii,
904; Kauai, 366; Maui, 698; Molokai, 90.
During the year the pay-roll peak of the Federal Emergency Relief
Administration was in June 1936, with a total of 4,862 persons,
divided by islands as follows: Oahu, 2,751; Hawaii, 953; Kauai,
356; Maui, 720; and Molokai, 82. The low point was reached in
November 1935, with a total of 3,780, segregated by islands as follows:
Oahu, 2,174; Hawaii, 766; Kauai, 246; Maui, 556; and Molokai, 38.
The pay-roll peak of 4,862 in June, compared with an all-time relief
roll of the Territory in February 1934, of 6,282, divided by islands as
follows: Oahua, 3,863; Hawaii, 1,202; Kauai, 325; and Maui, 892.
Continuation of operations on Moana Park, one of the major
projects undertaken by the Federal Emergency Relief Administration,
indicates that this bids fair to attain the predictions of its sponsors
that it would eventually be “one of the most beautiful waterfront
developments in the world.”
Several other large projects of inestimable value to residents and
visitors to the islands were completed during the year in Hawaii.
These included the Pacific Heights Road widening, realinement,
retaining-wall construction, and drains which now provide one of
the most easily accessible and beautiful scenic highways on Oahu.
Another major operation concluded during the year consisted of
the completion of a concrete stadium and the Roosevelt High School
4 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
athletic field with facilities for track and field activities, football,
baseball, and other sports, together with necessary flood control and
drainage walls and other general improvements.
The Mokapu Road and Kaneohe Bay Drive, on the windward
side of Oahn, also completed during the year, provides another scenic,
military and commercial highway that borders the Pacific Ocean for
much of its extensive stretch, winding away from the main aroundthe-
island highway, around one of Oahu’s picturesque points and
then back to the main belt road.
Among the major projects on which work still was in progress at
the end of the fiscal year is the Punchbowl-Makiki-Nuuanu shortcut,
now nearing completion, which provides another cross-town main
artery for residents of Honolulu and will greatly relieve traffic congestion
and existing hazards on present cross-town streets.
EMERGENCY CONSERVATION WORK
The authorized enrollment on July 1, 1935, for the Civilian Conservation
Corps camps for the Territory of Hawaii was 1,212; however,
the full enrollment was not realized until some time in October
1935. On April 1, 1936, under orders from Washington, a gradual
reduction of the enrollment was begun until on July 1, 1936, the
authorized strength of 600 was reached.
The following conservation work has been performed on approximately
5,400 acres of denuded Government lands in forest reserves
on the four main islands:
Trees planted___________________________________________ 2, 324, 429
Acres of planted trees were cultivated to promote growth.________ 5, 641
Miles of new fence constructed_____________________________ 63
Miles of existing fence repaired_____________________________ 55
Miles of foot trail constructed______________________________ 52
Miles of truck trail constructed_____________________________ 67
Miles of horse trail constructed_____________________________ 121
Miles of trail maintained and repaired________________________ 376
Grass and forest fires suppressed____________________________ 5
The Civilian Conservation Corps personnel assisted, to a large
extent, in the elimination of the following destructive wild animals:
Goats____________________ 3, 390 I
•Pigs_____________________ 2, 924 |
Sheep____________________ 3, 358
Wild cattle________________ 15
The total expenditure for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1936, was
$922,266.31.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 5
PRODUCTION OF PINEAPPLES
The pineapple industry has operated satisfactorily during the past
year. All producers except one very small cannery on the island of
Kauai are now members of the Pineapple Producers Cooperative
Association. Cooperative self-regulation has continued successfully.
The production was somewhat larger than the preceding year and
also the sales, with the result that the carry-over on June 1, 1936,
was normal.
The association has demonstrated the advantages of cooperation in
the industry in which competition in marketing is keen. The outstanding
features of this cooperation are the application of science to
the solution of production problems through the experiment station
organized and supported by the industry, industry advertising, and
orderly marketing through control of production and the pooling of
the proceeds of sales.
With the beginning of the packing season this summer, wages were
advanced in all canneries, so that they are now substantially higher
than they were under the N. R. A. Prices of the canned products
have not been advanced. Aside from minor price adjustments between
different items of pack, there has been no change in cannedpineapple
prices for over 2 years, notwithstanding the fluctuations in
prices of other canned fruits and the chaotic marketing conditions
which have at times existed.
TOURIST TRADE
The upward trend of Hawaii’s third industry, the tourist business,
continued throughout 1935, with tourist arrivals increasing 23.3 percent
over 1934. Visitors for 1935 numbered 19,933, against 16,161
for 1934. The volume of 1-day tourists (through passengers on transpacific
steamers) was about the same as in 1934 (25,992 for 1935,
25,110 for 1934). Detailed travel statistics follow:
Passenger arrivals for 1935
Passenger steamers Number
Total
cabin passengers
Local
residents
returning
Through
passengers
Tourist
totals
Through steamships_______________________________ 208 35, 079 2, 357 25, 992 6,730
Local steamships 1________________________________ 51 15,260 3^ 169 12' 091
Cruises and miscellaneous. _______________________ 13 1,115 3 1,112
Total______________________ ____ 2_7_2______5_1_, _4_5_4 5,529 25,992 19,933
98293—36----- 2
6 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
For advertising by the Hawaii Tourist Bureau, the Territorial
legislature appropriated $100,000 for the 1935-37 biennium. A proviso
requires $2 from public subscriptions for every dollar from the
Territory. The necessary funds covering these requirements were
obtained.
In national magazines the bureau used reproductions of beautiful
natural-color photographs of island scenes. Characteristic spots on
the four principal islands were featured.
The legislature earmarked $25,000 of the bureau’s Territorial appropriation
for radio advertising. The response from the radio
public has been most gratifying.
Thousands of the bureau’s Nearby Hawaii booklets were placed in
the hands of prospective visitors, while approximately 100,000
Tourfax bulletins were distributed to travel agents and individuals
throughout the world. To maintain close contact with travel agents
all over the world, the bureau maintains a mailing list of over 3,000
names, which is frequently circularized.
A very important pait of the bureau’s work has been the preparation
and placing of editorial material on Hawaii in the leading magazines,
rotogravure sections, trade journals, and newspapers. This
material has been readily accepted.
The bureau has prepared and is now distributing new folder maps
of Hawaii, Maui, Kauai, and Oahu. These are most popular with
local residents and visitors alike.
A prime object of the bureau’s work is to encourage travel to all
islands of the group. To this end, the bureau arranged frequent
special showings of its new all-sound, natural-color travelogues of each
island. These programs have proved effective promotion for other
island travel.
HAWAII NATIONAL PARK
The apparently successful bombing of the Mauna Loa lava flow,
by personnel of the Army Air Corps, with permission of the Governor,
in accordance with plans prepared by Volcanologist T. A. Jaggar,
was the outstanding event of the year, though the continued operations
of the Civilian Conservation Corps camp has again contributed
important conservation improvements. Among the latter may be
listed the project to fence the park boundaries against the ravages
of wild goats and the construction of the Mauna Loa truck trail
for fire-protection and volcanic-eruption purposes.
MAUNA LOA ERUPTION
Following a rather severe earthquake which occurred at 1:11 a. m.
on November 21, 1935, and which was generally felt throughout the
islands of Hawaii, Maui, and Oahu, Mauna Loa erupted at the
summit and along the northeast rift or ridge at approximately 6:35
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 7
p. m. of that date. Because of the great danger to property inherent
in any flow, as well as to assist Dr. Jaggar, a constant watch was
maintained by the park staff. Rangers were stationed at the Red
Hill rest house to care for the constant stream of visitors, and then
as the flow progressed down the mountain toward Humuula and then
eastward through Puu Oo, various staff members were detailed to
observe and report.
When it was seen that this flow was definitely menacing the city of
Hilo, steps were taken to attempt the diversion of the lava channel,
by following through the long-projected plan of dynamiting the
channel from the air. Dr. Jaggar requested the cooperation of the
Hawaiian Department, United States Army, in this experiment, which
was readily granted. Upon receiving the approval of the Governor
of the Territory, the chairman of the board of supervisors and land
owners immediately concerned, the Army Air Corps bombarded the
flow in the region pointed out by Dr. Jaggar. Remarkable accuracy
was obtained, and while the bombardment did not succeed in breaking
through the walls of the channel, Dr. Jaggar is of the opinion that in
scattering the explosives over the upper-flow region the bombardment
played a definite part in bringing the activity to an early end.
The front of the flow became stationary on December 28 at 11 p. m.,
and the last forward movement of lava was on January 1, 1936, when
a small tongue ran a few hundred feet into the Hilo forest reserve.
TRAVEL
According to reports from the district ranger in charge, approximately
16,500 persons visited the Haleakala section during the fiscal
year. This is greatly in excess of the few hundreds who visited the
crater before construction of the Haleakala road.
Presumably, due to lack of activity in Kilauea, travel to this section
showed a slight decrease over last year.
HAWAIIAN HOMES COMMISSION
The Hawaiian Homes Act of 1920 was, on July 26, 1935, further
amended by the Seventy-fourth Congress of the United States
(Public Document No. 223, S. 2965). It provides that—
1. The Governor shall designate one of the commissioners as
chairman.
2. An executive officer and such clerical assistants shall be
appointed by the Commission to serve at its pleasure.
3. The executive officer shall reside habitually at the major Hawaiian
homes settlement.
4. The Secretary of the Interior shall designate from his Department
someone experienced in sanitation, rehabilitation, and reclama8
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
tion work to reside in the Territory of Hawaii and cooperate with the
Commission in carrying out its duties. The salary of such official
shall be paid by the Hawaiian Homes Commission.
In December 1935 these provisions were complied with. Following
reorganization, the Commission adopted several resolutions, all designed
to assist in the execution of its objective and policy. They
provide for the correction of the practice of squatting on Hawaiian
homelands, the nonapproval of assignments or any document guaranteeing
the payment of homesteaders’ debts, and stressed such regulations
for the uplift of the health and general welfare of the homesteads.
Collections for the fiscal year totaled $170,368.63. This includes
the $62,000 grant from the Federal Public Works Administration as its
share of the Hoolehua-Palaau water system project and $31,871.95
from homesteaders for repayment of loans.
Income (accrued) totaled $48,437.96. Operating expenses amounted
to $70,846.07. The result was a deficit of $22,408.11 for the fiscal
year.
It is well to touch briefly on the financial status of the Commission.
Entering upon its work, the new Commission was confronted with a
very low treasury. Available cash as of October 1935 amounted to
$152,792.51.
Immediate retrenchment began. By judicious reduction and
budgeting, savings were effected without impairing work or progress.
Repairing and rehabilitating of equipment, rebuilding of buildings,
water system, construction of needed highways, and sundry other
needs were accomplished with minimum cost.
Current operating expenses were reduced to effect substantial
savings, permitting continuance of work in spite of budget conditions.
From an average current budget of $5,415.60 this has been reduced to
$4,594.67 per month. In spite of the reductions, the efficiency of the
service has not been impaired. Rather, the contrary is the result.
For the year there were granted 13 new leases, 13 cancelations, and
16 transfers.
The aggregate population on all Hawaiian Homes projects totaled
3,249 persons, as of June 30, 1936.
ISLAND OF MOLOKAI
Improvements to the Palaau-Hoolehua water system (Federal
Public Works Administration Docket 1891) were completed in July
1935, at a cost of $248,349.67, of which a grant of $62,000 was contributed
by the Federal Public Works Administration. These improvements
include two 3.5-million-gallon concrete reservoirs and
miles of cast-iron and cement-lined pipes. Thus, the storage capacity
has been increased from 2,320,000 gallons to over 9,000,000 gallons.
Although there is an abundant supply of domestic water to serve both
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 9
the Palaau-Hoolehua and Kalamaula areas, the distribution system
for the latter area has proven to be unsatisfactory, due to the size and
corrosion of pipes. Their immediate replacement is imperative.
Plans and specifications for improvements were prepared and subsequent
application for Public Works Administration grant filed. Temporary
improvements to meet immediate needs are now being carried
on.
The United States Bureau of Reclamation is now conducting a preliminary
survey on the feasibility and cost of delivering water from
the large streams of East Molokai to the Palaau-Hoolehua homesteads
and adjacent lands, for irrigating purposes. Should this
prove feasible, a new era of homesteading will be possible.
During the fiscal year, 27,641 tons of pineapples were harvested
from the Palaau-Hoolehua homestead area. Gross value of these
was $618,638.45, with the homesteaders netting $355,421.42.
There are now 1,002 acres of land under pineapple cultivation. Of
this number, 826 acres are in the “block system” with Libby, McNeill
& Libby. In 1936 the California Packing Corporation entered the
“block system” with homesteaders participating. About 60 acres
of land are now under preparation for this first block.
Homesteaders owning trucking equipment successfully hauled the
entire crop this year, replacing all outside truckers. They rendered
commendable service.
There will be completed, in the immediate future, 2 miles of paved
road (Farrington Avenue) within the Palaau-Hoolehua area. This
was accomplished only through the aid of the county of Maui, which
performed actual construction.
The Commission is coordinating with the Hawaii Agricultural
Experiment Station in experiments on taro culture. Areas in the
Palaau-Hoolehua districts have been set aside and test plots established.
Good crops of tomatoes, melons,, corn, Irish and sweet potatoes,
and peanuts were produced by a limited number of homesteaders.
Proper grading and packing have been encouraged by the Commission’s
staff and the University of Hawaii agricultural extension
service to the advantage of these homesteaders. Larger returns and
greater demands were received for graded and well-packed produce.
On June 30, 1936, there were 948 acres prepared and planted in crops
other than pineapples.
ELECTIONS
Territorial general elections are held in November of every evennumbered
year to elect a Delegate to Congress for 2 years, one-half
of the members of the senate for 4 years, and all of the members of
the house of representatives for 2 years.
10 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
All county general elections are held simultaneously with Territorial
general elections on the first Tuesday next after the first
Monday in November.
In the city and county of Honolulu are elected a mayor, clerk,
treasurer, auditor, sheriff, and seven supervisors. The counties of
Hawaii, Maui, and Kauai elect to the same offices, with exception of
the mayor; they also elect an attorney. Three supervisors of the
county of Hawaii are elected from the first representative district, and
three from the second representative district; and one at large who
shall be the chairman and executive officer of the board. The board
of supervisors of the county of Maui consists of seven members, one
of whom is elected as chairman and executive officer. The county
of Kauai has a board of five supervisors. A chairman is named from
among its membership.
Territorial and county primary elections are held on the first Saturday
of October in every even-numbered year; and no person shah be
a candidate for a general election unless he shall have been nominated
in the primary next prior thereto.
Four new voting precincts have been created since the last general
election, making a total of 139, divided as follows: 23 in the first
representative district, 16 in the second, 26 in the third, 34 in the
fourth, 29 in the fifth, and 11 in the sixth. The general feeling is
that no precinct should have more than 800 registered voters. Additional
precincts cannot be taken care of prior to the coming election,
due to lack of funds. This matter will be brought to the attention
of the next legislature.
HAWAIIAN BIRTH REGISTRATION
The issuance of certificates of Hawaiian birth was provided by the
legislature of the Territory at its regular session of 1905.
The secretary of the Territory may, whenever satisfied that any
person was born within the Hawaiian Islands, cause to be issued to
such person a certificate showing such fact. Regulations are made by
the secretary subject to the approval of the Governor.
Examination of applicants and persons cognizant of the facts
regarding any application are made by the secretary of the Territory,
or his secretary, or such other person as he may designate and appoint
from his office.
The present statute provides for an application fee of $5; the fee for
a renewal certificate is $2.50.
After a lapse of 5 years a certificate may be renewed. A renewal
certificate carries a photograph as of the date of reissue.
Up to June 30, 1936, 27,113 certificates have been issued, including
365 renewals; 783 applications have been denied, and 381 applications
are held for further investigations.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 11
LEGISLATURE
There was no session of the legislature during the last fiscal year.
Its next regular session will begin on the third Wednesday in February
of 1937.
COUNTY AND CITY AND COUNTY GOVERNMENTS
Local governments in Hawaii were first established on July 1,
1905, the Territory being divided into four counties. On July 1,
1909, the county comprising the island of Oahu was converted into a
city and county, known as the city and county of Honolulu, with a
mayor.
The other counties are Hawaii, including the island of that name;
Maui, including the islands of Maui, Kahoolawe, Lanai, and all of
Molokai except the leper settlement; and Kauai, including the
islands of Kauai and Niihau. The leper settlement on Molokai constitutes
a fifth county, Kalawao, which is under the control of the
board of hospitals and settlement.
12 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
of counties, fiscal year ended June 30, 1936
Consolid
ated to tal
MMHCi?ll
s§
S3
si
22
2,134, 536.00
Collected b y counties
M iscellaneous
ss
&
gtf
803, 451. 69
B ond sales
and im prove- m en t assessm
ents
*§o§
§§§§
1,884, 329. 74
1,018, 505. 90
865,823.84
W ater and
sew er rates
s
it
is
56, 354. 42
Fines and
cost
gw*
150,063.83
202, 598. 91
8 0'SSS ‘59
License
S
22
tfg
110,042. 00
Vehicle
§§§§
&
SB
SI
g
232, 370.14
Collected b y T errito ry for counties
I : i
i
s :
3 3
SSfeS
§s§§
fgss
SS
49, 458. 36
S :
y.
8, 672. 28
G eneral
nronertv
BBSS
3§gg
ggs’g
£ -
as
gg
•g
co
60, 751. 74
H onolulu, O a h u ..-------------------------- M au i______________________________ H aw aii____________________________ K au ai_____________________________
T otal, fiscal year 1936________
T otal, fiscal year 1935----------------------
! 1
ii
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 13
98293—36-----3
i Serial.
14 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
Assessed value of real and personal property, 1936, by taxation divisions
Taxation division Real
property
Personal
property Total, 1936 Total, 1935
1936,
percent
decrease
First, city and county of Honolulu.. $229, 774, 506 $41, 793, 718 $271, 568, 224 $271, 590, 866 0. 008
Second, county of Maui___________ 24, 871, 006 12, 572, 294 37, 443, 300 38, 382, 615 2.447
Third, county of Hawaii___________ 29, 662, 094 13, 394, 856 43, 056^ 950 45; 856^ 901 6.105
Fourth, county of Kauai----------------- 15, 733,867 10, 670, 502 26, 404, 369 27; 735,430 4.799
Total for Territory_________3_0_0, 041,473 78,431, 370 378,472,843 383, 565,812 1. 327
Tax rates
1 Pending decision of Supreme Court.
Year
First
division,
city and
county of
Honolulu
Second
division,
counties
of Maui
and
Molokai
Third
division,
county of
Hawaii
Fourth
division,
county of
Kauai
Year
First
division,
city and
county of
Honolulu
Second
division,
counties
of Maui
and
Molokai
Third
division,
county of
Hawaii
Fourth
division
county of
Kauai
1912____ $1.10 $1.15 $1.18 $1.16 1925____ $2. 796 $2. 966 $3.127 $2.703
1913____ 1.115 1.10 1.23 1.16 1926____ 3.337 3.390 3.511 2. 950
1914____ 1.17 1.29 1.38 1. 26 1927____ 3. 497 3.491 3.793 3. 225
1915____ 1. 265 1. 44 1. 523 1.385 1928____ 3. 526 3.712 4.136 3.359
1916____ 1. 273 1. 332 1.42 1.415 1929____ 3. 769 3.764 4.317 3. 430
1917____ 1. 21 1.26 1.30 1.35 1930____ 3.794 3.722 4. 308 3.481
1918____ 1.83 1.50 1.865 1.81 1931____ 4.003 3.935 4.341 3. 631
1919____ 1.83 1. 74 1.83 1. 788 1932____ 4.011 4. 099 4. 558 3. 487
1920____ 2.29 2. 11 2 264 2. 364 1933____ 2. 887 3. 633 4. 008 2.487
1921____ 2. 57 2. 94 2. 74 2. 90 1934____ 3.026 3.933 4. 501 2. 915
1922____ 2.89 3.16 3. 25 3. 02 1935____ 2. 994 4.106 4. 758 3. 602
1923____ 3.067 3.274 3. 488 3. 265 1936____ 3.098 3.964 4. 924 1 3.088
1924____ 2.747 2.804 2. 792 2.468
Taxes collected by years ending June 30, since organization of Territorial government
Fiscal year Real property Personal
property
Specific
property
Personal
(POU)
1901 _ ___________________________ $444,059.63
532, 637.09
560,456. 31
618,890. 81
609,343. 72
961,433. 76
654,737.94
640,051. 42
668,721. 89
709,943. 35
766,429. 68
893,331. 32
1,037, 200. 82
1,068, 267. 52
1,200, 618.75
1, 378,454.92
1,547,872. 50
1,967,550. 23
2,413, 759. 22
2,938,876.04
3,745,258. 54
4,195,855. 54
4, 726,256.01
5,223, 536.47
5, 677,116.14
6, 524,984.97
7, 578, 693. 78
8,075,089. 38
8,330,407. 03
8,625,826. 63
8,899, 721. 50
8,031,305.92
6,082,406.18
5,094,300. 25
5, 291,907. 54
5,485,963. 24
$490,392. 69
571, 248. 69
592, 325. 37
607,589. 82
570, 654.55
928,841. 53
631,326.36
635, 265. 81
678,886. 40
720, 252.68
733,806. 45
821, 518. 95
915, 470.52
868, 613. '53
928, 231.86
1,092,683. 27
1, 224, 552.02
1, 510, 659.70
1,849,389. 76
2,433,058.01
3,125, 408. 76
3,247,178.95
3, 508,124. 57
3, 771,054.83
3, 661,922. 75
3,839,322. 61
4,188,192. 51
4, 279,091. 34
4, 285, 581. 67
4, 452, 718. 27
4,745,134. 40
4,414,152. 83
2,185,124. 54
1, 357,785. 22
2, 699,508.99
2, 740,666.83
$18, 751. 36
20,412.19
22, 591. 60
22,998. 80
23, 543. 50
47,989. 70
39,644. 40
41,350. 50
40,968.00
46, 554. 50
49, 734.95
56, 930.55
64, 626. 21
74,913.10
89,817. 75
110,230. 97
152,572.99
205,901. 57
211, 236.98
267, 283.89
327,929. 70
40,988.81
24.439. 84
19,774.88
18, 254. 77
3,396.97
479. 20
28. 80
$249,604.00
231,485.00
255,043.00
240, 736. 00
249, 990. 00
243,955. 00
239,001. 00
244,832.00
235,520.00
248,663. 00
241,915.00
243,058. 00
242, 307. 30
286, 246. 55
257,890.00
265, 636.05
275,432. 65
279,215.07
284,084.34
283, 772. 59
311,857. 34
375,449. 26
399, 851. 64
422,868. 98
426,188. 21
417, 650. 60
410,901. 65
420,920.41
433, 658.00
444,752.15
453, 557. 91
445, 562. 55
500, 723. 37
472,734. 27
486,178. 29
514,679.82
1902 _________________________________
1903 __________________ _______
1904 -- _____________________________
1905 ______________________________
1906 - - ___________________________
1907 _____________________________
1908 __________________________________
1909 - _____________________________
1910 - _______________________________
1911 _ __________________________
1912 ______________________________
1913 ____________________________________
1914 ____________________________
1915 __________________________________
1916 ________________________________
1917 ___________________________
1918 _________________________________
1919 ______________________________
1920 ____________________________
1921 -- ___________________________
1922 ______________________________
1923 ________________________
1924 ___________________________
1925 __________________________________
1926 _____________________________
1927 _____________________________
1928 _______________________
1929 _________________
1930 - -- _____________________
1931 _____ ____ ____________
1932 ____ ____________________
1933 _______________________
1934 _ _ _______ _______________
1925 ___ ___________________
1936 _________________________________
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 15
Taxes collected by years ending June 30, since organization of Territorial
government—Continued
Fiscal year Income,
general1
Income,
special1
Business
excise
Utilities
excise
Unemployment
1901__________________________
1902__________________________ $286, 630. 20
202, 526.44
170,511. 71
155,978.87
391, 366. 65
187,687.91
266, 241. 74
389, 500.94
435,984.40
421, 375. 68
488,415. 96
513, 386. 40
397,496. 33
373, 349. 09
592, 259. 58
799, 800. 86
794,427. 22
625, 073.76
634, 206.95
1,149, 339.98
1,148, 528. 34
878,181. 35
1, 784, 705. 39
1,997, 093. 48
1, 799, 189. 08
1, 526, 672. 30
1, 707,184. 75
1, 870,818.14
1, 944,832. 02
1, 740, 095. 21
1, 382, 189.15
946, 442. 88
916, 224. 18
1,189, 353. 60
1, 871, 361. 49
1903__________________________
1904__________________________
1905__________________________
1906__________________________
1907__________________________
1908__________________________
1909__________________________ $4, 324. 29
377,694. 27
379, 698.89
442, 336. 29
422, 094. 39
116,162. 54
165, 524. 72
268, 369.85
367, 920. 35
343,121. 14
283, 281. 75
417,331. 02
945, 203. 34
643,925. 67
1, 200. 15
9, 930. 81
8.95
1910__________________________
1911__________________________
1912__________________________
1913__________________________
1914__________________________
1915__________________________
1916__________________________
1917__________________________
1918__________________________
1919__________________________
1920__________________________
1921__________________________
1922__________________________
1923__________________________
1924__________________________
1925__________________________
1926__________________________
1927__________________________
1928__________________________
1929__________________________
1930__________________________
1931__________________________
1932__________________________
1933__________________________ $1, 001, 098.96
2, 065, 482. 37
2, 297, 574. 49
1, 342, 976. 96
$311, 731.57
662, 320.44
683, 757. 35
714, 125. 40
1934__________________________ $452, 406. 90
496, 476. 93
567,987. 99
1935__________________________
1936__________________________
Fiscal year Bank excise Gross income Radio Consumption
Penalties,
cost and
interest 2
1901 _________________________________ $9,294. 58
11,847. 92
13,385.29
15,848.97
16, 509.18
13, 703.59
21, 435.83
17,697. 93
19,137. 76
17,262.86
14, 657.90
14,658. 02
11,158.27
25, 728. 79
9,640.85
15,107. 43
14, 705. 43
12,181. 75
16,175.54
20,950. 70
27, 467.37
23,446. 98
31,164.85
43, 069.32
48,400.93
63,428.93
61, 045. 81
69,957. 09
50,350.54
76, 398. 64
75, 736.49
50,455. 72
47,369.56
40,697. 66
44,907.10
62, 588. 78
1902____________________________________
1903 _________________________________
1904____________________________________
1905____________________________________
1906____________________________________
1907. _________________________________
1908____________________________________
1909. _________________________________
1910____________________________________
1911 _________________________________
1912____________________________________
1913 _________________________________
1914____________________________________
1915 __________________________________
1916____________________________________
1917- _________________________________
1918____________________________________
1919 _________________________________
1920____________________________________
1921 _________________________________
1922 ___________________________________
1923- _________________________________
1924 ___________________________________
1925____________________________________
1926 ___________________________________
1927 ___________________________________
1928 __________________________________
1929 ___________________________________
1930 _________________________________
1931- _________________________________
1932____________________________________
1933- _________________________________ $8, 783. 93
22, 947.18
43, 500.31
50, 005. 00
1934 _________________________________
1935____________________________________
1936 _________________________________ $2,550,320. 59 $14, 536. 00 $228. 74
1 Including penalties, costs, and interest, inclusive of 1934.
2 Except on income taxes, inclusive of 1934.
16 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
Taxes collected by years ending June 30, since organization of Territorial
government—Continued
Fiscal year Inheritance Insurance Total
1901............... „................................. ..
1902_______________________________________________________
1903_______________________________________________________
1904_______________________________________________________
1905_______________________________________________________
1906_______________________________________________________
1907_______________________________________________________
1908_______________________________________________________
1909_______________________________________________________
1910__________________ _____________________________________
1911_______________________________________________________
1912_______________________________________________________
1913_______________________________________________________
1914_______________________________________________________
1915_______________________________________________________
1916_______________________________________________________
1917_______________________________________________________
1918_______________________________________________________
1919_______________________________________________________
1920_______________________________________________________
1921_______________________________________________________
1922_______________________________________________________
1923_______________________________________________________
1924_______________________________________________________
1925___________________ ____________________________________
1926__________________________________________ -____________
1927_______________________________________________________
1928_______________________________________________________
1929_______________________________________________________
1930_______________________________________________________
1931_______________________________________________________
1932_______________________________________________________
1933_______________________________________________________
1934_______________________________________________________
1935_______________________________________________________
1936_______________________________________________________
$939. 29
6, 074.34
1, 393. 33
70.00
6, 271. 71
5,879. 69
8,789. 74
21,430. 05
17,011. 88
150,153.11
38,383. 59
187,974. 95
19, 421. 54
30, 634. 00
53, 543. 58
171,303. 05
19,852.44
76, 676. 75
44, 777.82
406, 562. 81
83, 605.35
88, 358. 28
153, 593. 24
62,954. 09
125,402.34
166,149. 08
133,456.12
215,127.34
116, 286.38
174, 793. 94
298, 671. 03
213,430. 30
128, 835. 21
198,644. 27
146,138. 69
148,636. 98
$3,223. 65
3,846. 00
4, 685.11
4,623. 38
6,883. 59
8, 760. 61
14, 202. 74
13, 978. 38
26, 564.55
20,141.87
21,173. 76
25,420. 95
30,909. 13
30, 385.34
30, 168. 92
33, 321.18
38,357. 87
48, 718. 70
58, 066.53
64, 292. 21
89, 223. 23
87, 230. 99
75, 977. 54
74, 063.54
112,771.83
101, 751. 22
104,436.90
116, 701. 79
122, 074.16
122, 548. 53
132, 508.48
89, 087. 25
194,336. 04
136, 681. 07
141,184. 54
161, 945. 06
$1, 216,
1, 664,
1, 652,
1, 681,
1, 639,
2, 601,
1, 796,
1, 880,
2, 080,
2, 726,
2, 667,
3,173,
3, 256,
2,898,
3,108,
3,927,
4, 441,
5, 238,
5, 785,
7, 466,
9,805,
9, 850,
9, 798,
11,411,
12, 067,
12,915,
14, 003,
14, 884,
15, 209,
15,841,
16, 345,
14, 626,
11, 406,
11, 420,
13, 520,
16, 226,
265.20
181.43
406.45
269. 49
175.12
930.53
825.92
847. 83
635.71
650. 04
175. 90
644. 99
574. 58
447. 70
785. 52
366.30
067.11
452.13
845. 70
334. 22
293.61
962.82
789.19
958. 31
159. 40
873. 46
878.27
100. 90
175. 92
870.18
425. 02
183. 72
852. 24
223.81
487. 74
022.88
BANKS
Seven banks, with 24 branches, were in operation in the Territory
at the close of the fiscal year June 30, 1936. These seven, with main
offices in Honolulu, were Bank of Hawaii, Bishop National Bank of
Hawaii, American Secuiity Bank, Liberty Bank, Pacific Bank, Sumitomo
Bank, and Yokohama Specie Bank. Of these seven, three,
namely: Bank of Hawaii, Bishop National Bank of Hawaii, and
American Security Bank, maintain branches in various parts of the
Territory, to wit: On the island of Oahu, Bank of Hawaii at Pearl
Harbor, Waipahu and Waialua, Bishop National Bank of Hawaii at
Schofield and Waialua; on the island of Maui, Bank of Hawaii
at Wailuku, Lahaina and Paia, Bishop National Bank of Hawaii at
Kahului and Wailuku; on the island of Hawaii, Bank of Hawaii at
Hilo, Honokaa, Kohala, Kealakekua and Pahala, Bishop National
Bank of Hawaii at Hilo and Kealakekua; on the island of Kauai,
Bank of Hawaii at Lihue and Kapaa, Bishop National Bank of
Hawaii at Waimea and Koloa, American Security Bank at Kapaa;
on the island of Lanai, Bishop National Bank of Hawaii at Lanai
City. All of said banks and their branches have both commercial
and savings departments.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 17
TRUST COMPANIES
Seven trust companies were operating in the Territory, six being
located in Honolulu and one in Hilo.
Deposits in banks since organization of Territorial government
i Commencing with the year 1920, commercial deposits are quoted as of June 30.
. Fiscal year Number
of banks
Demand deposits
Dec. 31
Time deposits
June 30 Total
71901 ________________________________ 8 $3,857,413.16 $804, 718. 01 $4, 662,131.17
1902__________________________________ 9 4, 094, 919. 90 1, 073, 581. 56 5,168,’ 501. 46
1903 .. ____________________________ 9 3, 694,965. 00 1,102, 707. 24 4, 797,672. 24
1904__________________________________ 9 4,159, 078. 89 1, 372,157. 00 5,53i; 235. 89
1905__________________________________ 9 3,993, 052.90 1, 695, 326.76 5, 688,379. 66
1906 _________________________________ 9 5, 022,495.26 2, 527,943. 96 7, 550; 439. 22
3907__________________________________ 11 4, 966; 042. 04 2,777, 554. 40 7; 743, 596. 44
1908__________________________________ 11 5, 074,836.16 2, 588, 722.87 7, 663, 559. 03
1909 .. __________________________ 11 6,334,991.42 3, 322,827.79 9, 657,819. 21
1910__________________________________ 11 9,033, 385. 97 4, 290,919. 57 13, 324, 305. 54
1911__________________________________ 16 10, 289,707.89 5, 020, 555. 62 15, 310, 263. 51
1912 .. _____________________________ 17 12, 667,162. 39 . 5, 521,973.11 18,189,135. 50
1913__________________________________ 17 11, 641,901. 30 5,384; 395. 72 17, 026,297. 02
1914__________________________________ 18 10,371,874. 60 6, 275, 790. 63 16, 647, 665. 23
1915. . ________________________ 19 12, 378, 041. 53 7,736, 569. 32 20,114,610. 85
1916__________________________________ 19 17,317, 339. 40 9, 061,910. 28 26, 379, 249. 68
1917__________________________________ 22 22,486, 524. 31 10, 205,496. 70 32,692, 021. 01
1918 ... ____________________ •_____ 23 24, 620, 004. 80 9,892,708. 08 34, 512,712.88
1919__________________________________ 26 24,898, 287. 81 10,450,846. 55 35, 349,134. 36
1920 1_________________________________ 26 36,975, 335.93 15,807,778.11 52,783,114. 04
1921. ________________________________ 31 32, 545, 538. 38 18, 635,866.41 51,181,404. 79
1922__________________________________ 28 28,379,489.19 17,863,992.17 46, 243, 481. 36
1923___________________________ :_____ 29 31, 616, 007. 38 21,765, 731.51 53, 381, 738. 90
1924__________________________________ 29 33, 257,399. 35 23, 238,363. 06 56, 495, 762. 41
1925 ________________________________ 29 39,101, 344. 22 21,708, 371. 75 60,809,715. 97
1926__________________________________ 29 44,861, 828. 81 22,989, 564.24 67, 851, 393. 05
1927__________________________________ 29 47,922,072. 59 27,102, 219. 88 75, 024,292. 47
1928__________________________________ 31 48, 931, 629. 35 3i;*278, 434. 34 80, 210, 063. 69
1929__________________________________ 31 43, 614, 424. 66 35,424,194. 59 79, 038, 619. 25
1930__________________________________ 29 46, 232, 391. 03 33,942,357. 47 80,174, 748. 50
1931.. 29 42, 217, 616. 83 41, 587,979. 74 83,805, 596. 57
1932__________________________________ 31 38, 653, 331. 79 35, 030,829. 73 73, 684,161. 52
1933__________________________________ 31 38, 303,127. 06 36, 032, 334. 45 74, 335,461. 51
1934 ________________________________ 30 40, 869, 840. 08 35, 082,104. 56 75,951,944. 64
1935__________________________________ 31 46, 743, 557. 25 37,159, 777.16 83,903, 334. 41
1936_____ ______ _____________________ 31 39,920,831.84 54,987, 012.48 94, 907,844.32
Savings bank accounts by races June SO, 1936
Races
Population Accounts Deposits
Estimated
June 30,
1936
Percent
of population
Percent
having
accounts
Number
Percent
to total
Average
deposit
Total
Percent
to total
deposits
Japanese_________________ 149,886 38.11 44. 94 67, 356 39. 58 $161.95 $10,908,114.40 26. 70
Chinese________________ - 27,495 6. 99 60. 23 16', 559 9. 73 246. 89 4,088,271. 08 10. 01
Hawaiian_____ ___________ 59, 202 15.05 29. 40 17; 408 10.23 72. 40 ii 260; 285. 59 3.09
Portuguese (Caucasian)— 29,863 7. 59 44.91 13', 411 7.88 268. 89 3; 606,052. 70 8. 83
Filipino_________________ 53, 550 13. 62 36.13 19, 348 11. 37 215.91 4,177,418.07 10. 23
Other Caucasian and unclassified____________
7_3_,_ 281 18.64 49.24 36, 086 21. 21 465. 93 16,813,454. 99 41.15
Total___________3_9_3_, 277 100. 00—170,168 100. 00 238. 66 40,853, 596. 83 100. 00
Estimated population_____________________ ____ _______________ __________________________ 393,277
Number of banks_________________________________________________________________________ 31
Number of savings accounts____________________________ __________________________________ 170,168
Number of accounts per 100 persons______________________________________________________ 43.27
Total savings_____________________________________________________________________________$40, 853,596.83
Average savings per capita______ ______ _________________________________........................... .. $103.88
18 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
Comparative statement of condition of banks and trust companies operating in the
Territory of Hawaii, as at June 30, 1936, Dec. 31, 1935, and June 30, 1935
Not e .—1 bank (with 9 branches) is a national institution.
7 banks with
24 branches
June 30, 1936
7 trust companies
June
30, 1936
38 combined
banks and
trust companies
June
30, 1936
38 combined
banks and
trust companies
Dec.
31, 1935
38 combined
banks and
trust companies
June
30, 1935
RESOURCES
Loans and discounts___________ $31, 243,930. 51
75,231. 27
$9, 052, 295.88 $40,296,226.39
75, 231. 27
1,112, 523. 81
24, 751,408.15
22,907,055.18
3, 316, 456. 59
1,822, 617.11
$31,108,152.13
45,986. 30
9,058, 396.14
$34, 086, 264. 70
Overdrafts 133,198.11
Trust and agency debit balance. 10,198,042. 57
United States obligations--_
1,112, 523.81
24, 751,408.15
21,947, 398. 27
2, 899, 591. 56
501, 867. 72
5, 557, 700. 60
24, 273,906.35
23,157, 657. 61
22,188, 945. 57
2, 685,327.98
18, 643, 761.53
21, 295, 704. 25
2,762, 260.17
All other stocks and bonds_____
Banking house, furniture, and
fixtures.. _________________
959, 656. 91
416,865.03
1, 320, 749. 39
386, 328.00
2, 239, 700.14
Other real estate owned.._____ 1, 845, 726. 37 1, 806, 713. 51
Other resources __ . _. 5,944, 028. 60
26, 513, 606.49
6, 716,449. 71
31,510,415. 89
6, 788,113. 52
Cash and due from bank, cash
items, clearing, etc_________ 22, 273, 568. 39
Total resources__________ 111, 251,034. 43 15,488,119.16 126, 739,153. 59 128,317,057. 70 117,987, 626. 75
LIABILITIES
Deposits:
Demand___________________ 25,559,517.82
53, 743. 947. 57
12, 367, 239.88
3, 237,139. 05
25, 559, 517. 82 32, 376,186.95 25, 561,479. 64
Time.. ________________ 53, 743, 947. 57
12,367, 239. 88
3. 237,139. 05
49,128,033.13 48,799,489.49
Government ____ ________ 10,649,071.03
1, 867, 234. 37
7, 860, 017. 68
All other 1, 682, 347. 60
Total deposits__ _________ 94, 907,844. 32 94,907,844. 32
6,194,484.42
168,648.16
94, 020,525. 48
8,240,481. 33
193,134. 62
83,903,334. 41
6,825,900.87
611, 040. 21
Trust and agency credit balances______________________
6,194,484.42
Bills payable, _____ __________ 562. 42 168, 085. 74
Other liabilities.. ____________ 4, 741,062. 63
5,900,000.00
4,123, 222. 98
1, 578, 342. 08
245, 831. 47
3,938, 700. 00
2, 654,402. 47
2, 286, 615.06
4,986,89'4.10 5, 336,268. 64
10,185,000.00
5,434,116.63
Paid-in capital. ______________ 9,838, 700. 00 10, 542,179.70
Surplus and undivided profits..
Reserves _ ____________________
6, 777, 625. 45
3. 864, 957.14
6, 762,628.84
3, 579,018. 79
6,699,175. 82
3, 971, 879.11
Total liabilities_______ 111,251,034. 43 15,488,119.16 126, 739,153. 59 128, 317, 057. 70 117, 987, 626. 75
Recapitulation of insurance business transacted in the Territory of Hawaii for the
year 1935
Class Insurance written Premiums Losses paid Loss ratio
Fire______________________________________ $129, 282, 386. 75 $1,126, 628. 32 $107,667.93 9.55
Marine___ _______________________________ 129, 096, 321. 00 345,962. 52 48,995. 55 14.16
Life- -- _________________________________ 19,373,525. 00 5, 217, 513.90 2,282, 734. 44 43. 75
Accident and health_____ _____________ 135, 315. 29 42, 779. 44 31.61
Automobile and motor vehicle_____ ______ 11, 089,966. 00 840, 369.14 351, 573. 66 41.83
Burglary and theft__________________ ____ 20, 729.16 329. 77 1.59
Fidelity and surety_______________________ 222, 442. 36 41,889. 09 18.83
Plate glass________ ____________ _________ 7, 825. 33 1, 666. 58 21. 29
Property damage other than auto___ _____ 5, 017. 04 141. 04 2. 81
Workmen’s compensation__ ______________ 454, 201. 40 236, 927. 51 52.16
Others____________________________________ 8, 874, 448. 66 111,552.47 15, 533. 29 13. 92
Total, 1935_________________________ 297, 716, 646. 75 8, 487, 556. 93 3,130, 238. 30 36.88
Totali 1934__________________________ 276, 666, 605. 87 7, 579, 970. 67 2,183,996. 83 28. 81
Increase, 1935_______________________ 21, 050, 040.88 907, 586. 26 946, 241. 47 8.07
Number of companies engaged in the various types of insurance as of Dec. 31, 1935
Accident_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 21
Accident and health, noncancelable________________________________________________________________ 22
Automobile, all types_________________________________________________________ Burglary and theft___________________________________________________________________________________ 16
Fidelity_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 18
Fire_______________________________________________________________________________________________ 96
Health_______________________________________________________________________________________________ 15
Liability other than auto____________________________________________________________________________ 18
Life____________________________ 22
Marine______________________________________________________________________________________________ 24
Others, including civil commotion, earthquake, inland navigation, package, sprinkler leakage,
steam boiler, tornado, windstorm, and cyclone___________________________________________________ 38
Plate glass___________________________________________________________________________________________ 11
Property damage other than auto________________________________________________ Surplus lines_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
Surety__________________________________________________________ Workmen’s compensation____________________________________________________________________________ 16
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 19
of fund resources and obligations at the close of the fiscal year ended June 30, 1936
§
I1
$3,314, 604.82
4, 415, 041. 81
8, 506, 261. 69
3, 272, 238. 07
3,053,000. 00
8,071, 092. 61
12,075,910. 03
42, 708,149.03
1,143, 261.73
41 KA4 ««7 20
U| SSS S?£ SSroS 0 1
d ss g i
; si
।
8SS
gg§
ass
Sinking fund
$368, 811. 57
" 398, 780. 07
2, 568,000. 00
'"5,'148’666.'66’
8,483, 591. 64
Q 4QQ rm A4
398,780. 07
8, 989,088.02
_______________
i ii
ii ii iI
1 1 :
9, 387,868.09
904,'276.’45'
Public tru st
fund (em -
ployees’ retirem
en t fund)
$139, 707.11
323,002.99
295, 000.00
6,093,200. 00
6,850,910.10
a QnO Qin in
COO 1 II III
pi 11 III
0 1 II III
( a i 11 i i 1
r i i i i
6, 527, 903. 03
6,850,910.10
W orking-capi-
(revolving
funds)
$390, 049. 64
i 1
; i
! 0 ! Jq
1 § IS
i - iM
। ।
। ।
1,338, 446. 21
1 228 44A 9.1
i i i i i i i i
:i: 11 11:
[ Hi H Hi
III II III
III II III
III II III
i ¥
i i§
: 1^
। ।
i i
a is
g ig
T otal expendable
funds
S SSSS SSS
§ ggg
CT ThOOCO oo
S E 3
8 Ml
8 S?
S s
sss ss ssss is
SS §§s^ is
- SS IS
' 5 I
1
ct SS
§§§
£1¥
E xpendable funds
L oan funds
$99,066. 31
i is i is :
i is i ig i
i¥i ¥i
ii~i i-i
i : : ii
11,442,396. 99
11 449 .2QA QQ
3, 272, 640. 94
86,263. 44
4,005, 574. 91
4, 077, 917. 70
i ii
i ii
1 1 1
i i i
11,442, 396. 99
Special expendable
funds
$1,006,469. 01
ii
i i
i i
14,000.00
65, 000. 00
8,'666.’66"
1, 093, 469.01
1.093 469 01
! ' co ! ! ! ! !
i ii H iii
1 15 II III
ii ii iii
1 11 11 1:1
i i§
i ig
1 IS
■ r
■ ;
172, 325, 45
92i,'143.’56'
G eneral fund
$1,310, 501.18
4,415,041.81
8, 506, 261. 69
169,478. 23
3,'313.46'
14,404, 596.37
1,143, 261. 73
13. 261.334. 64
RSR ig 8SSR !8
ii gig’ ii?
MS* it SS3-
S' i i
1 I
SS5 i
gg i
Hi
A ccount
Resources:
1. A vailable cash________________________
AL^bllllClLCU. ID V C U U C d .
(a) A ccrued and to be c o lle c te d ......
(b)___________________________________T o be accrued or collected_______
3. B onds authorized an d u n issu ed------------
4. D ue from other funds_____________ . ___
5. Investm ents:
(a)_______________________________T errito ry of H aw aii bonds (par
value)_______________ . . . .
(b)___________________________________Loans to counties________________
(c) O ther investm ents (par v a lu e )...
T o ta l_________________________
Less unavailable resources, fiscal
year 1937____________________
T otal current resources________
O bligations:
1. U nexpended appropriations:
(a)__________________________________ U nallotted appropriations_______
(b)___________________________________U nexpended allotm ents_________
(c)__________________________________ Reserves for co n tracts___________
2. Reserves:
(a)___________________________________F or redem ption of term bonds___
(b)___________________________________F or redem ption of serial b o n d s___
(c)___________________________________F or expenses of th e 1937 legisla-
(- i
I I CO 1 ! *1 ! T-1 1*
1,363,554.02 |
317, 516.45
317, 516.45
2,466, 802.01
231,077.51
2, 697,879. 52
W orking
capital
funds—
revolving
funds
1 1 CD 1 Ci 1 1 1 1 r-4 04
I I Ci I CO I I 1 lOON
I I CO l 00 I I I i CO
i i ■»—< I O I I I i CO
I 10 I IQ I I I i
■ i co i i i i i r—
CO
00
Ci
G
00
10,000.00
366, 530. 00
376, 530.00
616,776.81
335, 786.06
952, 562.87
T otal expendable
funds
$6,180,000.00
1, 961,116.51
100, 872. 84
297,185. 21
91, 921. 74
100.00
2, 760.01
22, 253.14
177, 347. 24
1, 847. 62
8,835,404.31 |
914, 990.72
3, 388, 790.00
4, 303,780.72
27, 910,190. 53
1, 021,133.53
28, 931, 324.06
E xpendable funds
L oan fund
O I i 04 ii i i i Ci i
O I i O ii i i i 04 i
O । । 00 ii I i i r—1 i
O 1 1 T—1 |l | 1 1 Ci 1
O I iN ii i ii CD~ i
00 I i Ci ii i i i i
t —< i i 04 ii i ii i
CD ii ii i ii i
6, 524,098.11
439, 070.00
439,070.00
7, 502, 301. 75
60, 217. 57
7, 562, 519. 32
Special expendable
funds
ii^l 04 i l iO Orji
i i 04 I 00 i । i O < i—<
i i o' i o i i i to oi ci
i I 1 1 CCDi I1 Cr—O1 1I 1i 1I rO-1 Ci c’“o4
1 1 00 1 t'- I 1 1 04 r-<
I i 00 i CO i I i 04 04
ill I ii
269,497.39
40, 852.12
1,075, 310.00
1,116,162.12
3,184, 398.41
649, 094.34
»Q
oi
Ci
co
co
00
co"
G eneral fund
$1, 961,116. 51
12,182. 60
54, 760. 92
100. 00
2, 760. 01
238.14
8, 942.15
1, 708.48
2,041,808.81
874,138. 60
1, 874,410. 00
2, 748, 548.60
17, 223,490. 37
311,821. 62
17, 535, 311. 99
C haracter of receipt
B. N o n r e v e n u e R e c e ip t s
76. F rom d eb t obligations:
(a) F u n d ed or fixed________________
(c) R evenue loans_______________________
79._____________________________________________ F rom sale of in v estm en ts__________________
79a. F rom rep ay m en t of loans to counties_____
80._____________________________________________ F rom sales of stores and m aterials purchased
for resale________________________
81._____________________________________________ F rom offsets to outlay p ay m en ts__________
82._____________________________________________F rom counterbalancing receipts:
(a) A ccrued interest on original issue of
b o n d s__________________
(6)_______________________________________ B alancing paym ents of accrued in terest
on investm ents purchased _
(c)_______________________________________ R eceipts in error_____________________
(d)_______________________________________ C orrection of erroneous p ay m en ts____
(e)_______________________________________ R eim bursible expenditures__________
T o tal nonrevenue receipts__________
0 . T r a n s f e r R e c e ip t s
83. N onrecoverable transfers from other fu n d s..
84. B orrow ings and repaym ents from other
funds__________________________
T o tal transfer receipts___________________
T o tal receipts___________________________
D . A v a il a b l e Ca s h a t B e g in n in g o f Y e a r ..
G rand to ta l_______________________
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 23
P A Y M E N T S
P ercent d istrib u -
tion of
cost p ay -
m ents
$0.10
.28
.48
.05
.36
1. 44
1.48
. 14
.27
.17
.13
.47
.79
6.16
1.93
.16
Consolid
ated total
____________
$12,143. 41
118. 76
35,030.65
60, 419. 63
6,690. 50
44, 573. 33
180,253. 39
184, 680. 98
17, 321.27
33, 964. 31
20,884. 53
15, 703. 69
59,164. 47
574. 75
612. 77
99,465. 70
771,602.Ill
10.00
241,176. 86
20,673.05
O utlays
1 lO r—I KNNr-tQlQ »Q O 1 1 T—<
• IO O I GO ’—t 04 0 r* I i 00
। । । ci c- i i 1Q i O i i O
I i O i iiiCOii r-(i O l । O
iio i iiioiii t -h । o । । o
I I 1Q i I I 11' il T—< i o l ICQ
l 100 • । l 100 ll CQ I 1Q i i t —I
1 1 r-H 1 ! ! ! CO 1 1 S 1 CQ 1 1
II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II
II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II
92, 663.82
11 1Q 10Q0
1। w0 ogi
11 0C0OCO
G eneral
fund
$12,143. 41
118. 76
19,180. 65
60, 419. 63
6,690. 50
44, 573. 33
180, 253. 39
148,808.31
17, 321. 27
33, 964. 31
10,573. 38
15, 703. 69
28, 664. 47
574. 75
612. 77
99, 335. 70
678, 938. 32
10.00
54,436.41
17, 580. 47
O bject of p ay m en t
A . F o r G o v e r n m e n t a l C o s t s
I. General government
14. Legislative:
(a)_______________________________ L egislature___________________
(b)_______________________________ L egislative investigation _____
15._____________________________________ C hief executive_____________________
16. Finance:
(a)_______________________________ A uditor or com ptroller_______
(6) Special accounting and au d iting:
2. A ccounts of m inor civil
divisions__ ______. _______
(c)_______________________________ T reasu rer____________________
(d)_______________________________ Assessm ent and levy of revenue
(e) Collection of revenue_________
(f) O ther finance_________________
17._____________________________________ L aw _______________________________
18._____________________________________ G eneral executive:
(a) Secretary of T errito ry __
(6)........................................... B oard of control............................
19. Judicial:
(a)_______________________________ Suprem e co u rt_______________
(6)------------------------------------------------ All o th er---------------------------------
20._____________________________________ E lections___________________________
21._____________________________________ G eneral governm ent buildings______
T o ta l____________________________
II. Protection to person and property
24. F ire m arshal or com m issioner______
26. M ilitia and arm ories_______________
26a. F ish an d gam e w a rd e n ..._________
24 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
Consolidated statement of operations, fiscal year ended June 30, 1936—Continued
P A Y M E N T S —C ontinued
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 25
assess 3 3 2 S 8
.60
3.14
2.07
2.20
1.17
.11
ci
8SSS 83
S3S32S3 3
Esssggi §
ssSssss s’
433, 567.54
145,951. 31
S SS 3 £3 238
§ 3
2 g 2 gf 232
1, 209, 259.40
Ҥ22
5,685,619. 23
gS8332S S
SEPSIS E
S'*
31,098.48
54,526.96
83
20, 700. 22
87,431.58
159,136.09
81,349.90
9,374.31
106. 77
358,583. 62|
23SS
iggg
285,868. 27
2SSSS3S 8
ssiSgaas §
ssB’sssa s’
402,469.06
91,424. 35
§ 8§ S 3g 2S3
§ § §§ §H1
3 g 3 || 3|2
850,675. 78
S38S
5,399, 750.96
HH HH
! !
■ i
1 | ; :
!
: :
i
i
i i i i
; i
HH
HH
: ;
i : : :
i : !
i I i I
! : i
i
iir!i i i
i 1 1 1
2 1
3
: i !
11 Hl
! ! ! !
999. 72
: i
H
i
i
:
i
sasses 5
i
28S3S3S s
433,547.81
145,951.31
g gg S 2S 228
§ ggg
2 g 2 |f 232
1,208,259.68
Ҥ22
TH
5, 685, 619. 23
I1HI1
$7,047.16
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i
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249,161.58
138,602.09
6, 749. 93
6,749.93
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524,953. 21
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184, 386. 23
302.06
S 8S 3 2S 238
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2 g 2 8S 2§2
| 1,201,509.75
“¥jp
5,160, 666. 02
26 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
Consolidated statement of operations, fiscal year ended June 30, 1936—Continued
P A Y M E N T S —C ontinued
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 27
ci
Os
28 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
TERRITORIAL RETIREMENT SYSTEM
The board of trustees held 26 meetings, 12 regular and 14 special.
There has been no change in the pension roll of former teachers
retired under chapter 31, Revised Laws of Hawaii, 1925, and who
were made beneficiaries of this system by paragraph (a), section 7928,
Revised Laws of Hawaii, 1935.
The legislative permanent pension roll provided for under Act 261,
Session Laws, 1925, and indefinitely continued under Act 31, Session
Laws, 1927, was reduced by four on account of death.
Refund of accumulated contributions, with interest at 4 percent
compounded annually, were made to members on account of resignations
and dismissals and on account of death on 410 claims amounting
to $105,812.64.
The net membership in the system as of June 30, 1936, was 5,929;
being an increase over the previous year of 777.
COMMERCE
Total values of imports and exports of merchandise by countries, calendar year 1935
Shipments from United States to Hawaii____________________________________________________ $78,924,776-
Imports from foreign countries____________________________________________________ __________ 5,629,196
Total______________________________________________________ ___________________________ 84,553,972
Shipments to United States from Hawaii____________________________________________________ 98,695,969
Exports to foreign countries_________________________________________________________________ 1,338,027
Total______________________________ ____ ______________________________________________ 100,033,996
Commerce______ ______________________________________________________________________ 184,587,968
Countries Imports Exports
Argentina _ _______________________________________________________________ $12,950
Australia _____________________________________________________________________ 27, 363 $42, 593
Belgium _ __________________________________________________________________ 71, 296 1,020
British India. _ ______________________________________________________________ 829,182 2,747
British Malaya __________________________________ -_________________________ 44, 244 3,610
Canada________________________________________________________ _____________ 597, 308 94, 526
China_________________________________________________ _______________________ 176, 729 9,450
Chile - _________________________________________________________________ 307, 641
France_____________________ - ________________________________________________ 36,380
Germany__________ __________________ ________________________________________ 208,397
Hong Kong.. ________________________________________________________________ 413,158 272,179
Kwangtung_________________________________________________________________ __ 28,126 4, 423
Netherlands_________________________ _______ ___________ _______ _____________ 2,928 850
New Zealand__ __________________________-______ ___ ________________..____ 168, 961 11,934
Norway __________________________________________ _________________________ 5h 847 12
Japan_____________________________________________________________ __________ 2, 209, 704 37,633
Philippine Islands ________________________ ___________ ____________ _______ 260,239 262,391
Sweden________________________________________________________________________ 8, 760 57,980
United Kingdom __________________ ________________________________________ 131, 246 512, 537
Uruguay__ _____ ________________________________________ __________________ ___ 8, 590
Other countries________________________________________________________________ 34; 147 24,142
Total______________________________________5_, _6_2_9_,_1_9_6______1_,3_38, _0_2_7________
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 29
Domestic products shipped to the United States, calendar year 1935
Articles Unit of quantity Quantity Dollars
Alcohol_________________________________________________ Gallon___________ 311,413 153, 762
Citric acid______________________________________________ Pound___________ 846, 710 220, 963
Coffee___________________________________________________ ____ do____________ 5, 3b9, 3oU 613, 637
Fiber insulating board__________________________________ ____ do____________ 14, 347,372 443, 278
Fish, canned, etc________________________________________
Fruits:
____ do------------------- 3,426,487 582, 391
Bananas____________________________________________ Bunch___________ 98, 926 96, 511
Pineapples, fresh____________________________________ Box______________ 63, 283 97,857
Pineapples, canned__________________________________ Pound___________ 436,800, 865 28, 239,449
Other fruits, preserved----------------------------------------------- ____ do____________ 39, 623 11, 050
Hides and skins_________________________________________ ____ do____________ 1, 502,137 122, 816
Molasses________________________________________________ Gallon___________ 28, 5 9, 553 697,436
Pineapple juice__________________________________________ Pound___________ 103, 529, 320 5, 647,112
Pineapple stock feed____________________________________ ____ do____________ 5,870,181 53, 644
Sugar, refined___________________________________________ 1,000 pounds_____ 30,11/ 1, 476,085
Sugar, raw______________________________________________ ____ do____________ 1,840, 971 57, 203, 688
United States goods returned------------------------------------------- 2,715,177
Other articles___________________________________________ 281,441
Total______________________________________________ 98,656, 297
Domestic products exported to foreign countries, 9 months, April-December 1935
Articles Unit of quantity Quantity Dollars
Coffee, green____________________________________________
Coffee, roasted__________________________________________
Fiber insulating board__________________________________
Pineapples, canned______________________________________
Machinery, sugar_______________________________________
Molasses________________________________________________
Other articles (including foreign)________________________
Pound___________
____ do____________
Square foot_______
Pound___________
Gallon___________
2, 567,845
6,912
2, 943, 602
5,988,955
7, 701,666
291, 248
1,946
60, 778
390, 262
260, 748
210, 861
122,184
Total_____________________________________________ 1, 338, 027
Receipts from all sources for the year ending June 30, 1935
Total customs receipts____________________________________________________________________ $1, 716, 786. 27
Total other treasury receipts______________________________________________________________ 62, 234.02
Total treasury receipts______________________________________________________________ 1, 779, 020. 29
Total commerce receipts (including tonnage tax)__________________________________________ 61,171. 07
Total labor receipts (including head tax)__________________________________________________ 16,289. CO
Total receipts, all sources____________________________________________________________ 1,856,480. 36
UNITED STATES INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE
The total amount of money collected in the Territory of Hawaii
by the United States Internal Revenue Service since the organization
of the Territorial government is $144,225,220.20. Total disbursements
during the same period, including salaries, incidental
expenses, and refunds, have been $1,215,515.55, leaving net collections
of $143,009,704.65.
98293—36------5
30 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
Internal-revenue receipts and disbursements, fiscal years 1935 and 1936
1935 1936
Collections on lists:
Corporation income tax______________________________________________
Individual income tax_______________________________________________
Estate tax___________________________________________________________
Gift tax__________________________________________ y._________________
Distilled spirits___ __________________________________________________
Narcotics..-.____________________ _____________________________ _____
Processing tax:
Wheat___________________________________________________________
Cotton___________________________________________________________
Jute_____________________________________________________________
Field corn_______________________________________________________
Hogs_____________________________________________________________
Tobacco_________________________________________________________
Rice...._______________________ __________________________________
Sugar----------------------- ------- ----------------------------------------,---------------------
Peanuts__________________________________________________________
Miscellaneous________________________________________________—
Dividend tax________________________________________________________
Capital-stock tax_____________________________________________________
Excess-profits tax____________________________________________________
Miscellaneous income taxes__________________________________________
Miscellaneous________________________________________________________
Social-security tax___________________________________________________
Tobacco_________________________________________________________________
Cigars and cigarettes_____________________________________________________
Special taxes_____________________________________________________________
Documentary stamps_______________________________________________ ____
Documentary stamps—Stock transfers------------------------------------------------------
Playing-card stamps_____________________________________________________
Distilled spirits-—Tax paid_______________________________________________
Rectified spirits_______________________________________________________ ...
Distilled-spirit bottle stamps--------------------------- -----------------------------------------
Grape brandy_____—---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wine stamps_____________________________________________________________
Fermented-liquor stamps--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tax on matches__________________________________________________________
Tax on electrical energy__________________________________________________
Tax on telephone calls___________________________________________________
Manufacturers’ excise taxes____________ :---------------------------- „---------------------
Admissions and dues taxes------------------------------------- - ---------------------------------
Leases on safe deposit boxes-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Tax on cheeks, drafts, and money orders---------------------------------------------------
Tax on yachts and boats---------------------------------- -----------------------------------------
Tax on soft drinks______________________________________________ ____ _
Opium order forms------------- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------
Silver bullion, transfer of ownership interests____________________________
$2, 636, 608. 60
1, 608,986. 83
313, 229. 81
5, 759. 78
1, 993. 11
3, 599. 00
3,144. 07
24, 468. 99
430. 49
14.12
62,984. 72
4, 210. 69
4, 711. 10
51, 871. 28
1, 279. 84
77.03
4,442. 76
378, 733. 84
11, 835. 83
8, 280.13
5, 657. 03
1, 763. 42
108. 22
32, 238. 99
60,145. 75
3, 581. 24
2, 672. 40
20, 070. 68
1,169. 67
2, 660. 79
6, 298. 25
171, 188. 09
22, 716. 96
84,560. 01
5,972. 85
7, 238.46
58, 261. 97
1,682. 94
37, 730. 77
110. 83
12. 70
.02
$3, 491,640. 14
2, 267,905. 22
367, 058. 69
710, 215. 42
2, 380. 80
758. 00
6, 889. 27
12, 922. 27
19.91
9 52
31, 798^ 03
2, 379. 44
35, 048. 68
17, 932. 94
1, 215. 05
.36
4, 108. 73
385, 598. 60
26, 080. 95
28, 067.91
2, 081.04
10, 760. 10
1, 785. 76
173. 32
31, 947. 02
63, 288. 97
3, 659. 73
2, 897. 20
40, 920. 62
2, 516. 67
3, 799. 31
545. 58
7, 480. 36
201, 181. 62
36, 829. 59
89, 210. 42
6, 540. 30
5, 935. 95
75, 367. 68
1,735.83
13. 60
.03
Total receipts____________________________________________
Total disbursements, including salaries, incidental expenses, etc
5, 652, 504. 06
62,145. 37
7,980, 700. 63
58,910. 51
Total. 5, 590, 358. 69 7, 921, 790.12
HONOLULU POSTAL SERVICE
Postal business transacted at Honolulu for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1936
Domestic money orders issued__________________________ $2, 123, 771. 92
Domestic money orders paid____________________________$1, 701, 289. 36
International money orders issued_______________________ $75, 456. 01
International money orders paid________________________ $7, 607. 84
International money orders certified to Japan______________ $224, 941. 38
International money orders certified to China______________ $1, 329. 76
International money orders certified to New Zealand________ $2, 236. 56
International money orders certified to Australia___________ $2, 324. 22
Articles registered____________________________________ 78, 798
Articles insured______________________________________ 100, 608
Articles sent c. o. d___________________________________ 48, 085
■Gross postal receipts for the fiscal year____________________ $677, 890. 98
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 31
POPULATION AND RACE STATISTICS
The population of Hawaii on June 30, 1936, as estimated by the
bureau of sanitation of the board of health, was 393,277.
The first census of the Hawaiian Islands was taken in 1832 and was
followed by censuses in 1836, 1850, 1853, and 1860. These were
very simple and rudimentary in character. There was no provision
for taking a census at regular periods until 1865, when the legislative
assembly made it the duty of the board of education to make a
complete census of the Kingdom every sixth year, counting from the
year 1860. These were taken until 1896, and in 1900 the first Federal
census was taken.
Population of Hawaii, 1832 to 1930
1832__________130, 313
1836_________ 106, 579
1850__________ 84, 165
1855__________ 73, 138
1860__________ 69, 800
1866________ 62, 959
1872_________ 56, 897
1878_________ 57, 985
1884________ 80, 578
1890________ 89, 990
1896_________ 109,020
1900________ 154, 001
1910_________ 191, 909
1920_________ 255, 912
1930_________ 368, 336
Based upon the 1930 census of the United States, the distribution
of the population on June 30, 1936, by area, race, and citizenship, was
estimated by the board of health to be as follows:
Estimated population by area, June 30, 1936
City of Honolulu__________________________________________ 145, 875
City and county of Honolulu (exclusive of Honolulu city)__________ 70, 986
City of Hilo______________________________________________ 15, 885
County of—
Hawaii (exclusive of Hilo city)_____________ 61, 948
Kalawao_____________________________________________ 517
Kauai_______________________________________________ 37, 985
Maui________________________________ 60, 081
Total______________________________________________ 393, 277
Estimated population according to race and citizenship, June 30, 1936
Racial classification Citizens Aliens Total
Hawaiian. _____________________________________________________ _______ 21, 594 21,594
Caucasian-Hawaiian________________________________ ______ _ _ 19, 391 19, 391
Asiatic-Hawaiian..___________________ __________________ ...________ 18, 217 18, 217
Portuguese.-. ______________________________________ _ _ . 28,109 1, 754 29, 863
Puerto Rican_____________________ ______________ ________________ ____ 7, 470 7, 470
Spanish _ . ... _____________________________ _ . _ _ 1,036 225 1, 261
Other Caucasian__________________________ ______________ . __________ 55,466 1,603 57,069
Chinese__________ _______________________________________ ...___ ... 22, 768 4, 727 27,495
Japanese____________________________________________ __________________ 110, 759 39,127 149, 886
Korean______ _____ _______________________ _____ _ ______ ... 4,157 2, 525 6, 682
Filipino___________________________________ __________________ __________ 14, 478 39,072 53, 550
Others.. _______________________________________________________________ ' 767 32 799
Total____________ ___________________________________________ ____ 304, 212 89,065 393, 277
32 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
COMMERCIAL AVIATION
The Inter-Island Airways, Ltd., established in 1929, owns and
operates a fleet of Sikorsky amphibian planes engaged exclusively
in the transportation of passengers, mail, and express between the
islands of the Hawaiian group.
Regular schedules are maintained daily, except Sunday, from
Honolulu to the islands of Molokai, Lanai, Maui, and Hawaii, also
to the island of Kauai.
The operating personnel consists of 5 pilots, 5 copilots, and a
ground force of 14.
Equipment consists of three 9-passenger Sikorsky amphibians,
type S. 38, and two 16-passenger Sikorsky amphibians, type S. 43.
The total miles flown during the year ending June 30, 1936, is
322,747 and passengers carried during the same period amounted to
15,630, an increase over 1935 of 30,642 miles flown and 3,732 passengers
carried.
PUBLIC LAND ADMINISTRATION
The collections by the office of the commissioner of public lands,
from all sources, for the fiscal year July 1, 1935, to June 30, 1936,
totaled $794,317.50, an increase of $11,695.56. Of this amount
$584,406.21 was for land rentals; $111,198.50 was for water and land
licenses; $78,690.24 was for sales of public lands; $13,943.04 was for
interest on sales of public lands; $3,528.59 was for fees; $2,195.92 was
for miscellaneous revenue; and $355 was for improvements on land.
The public lands of the Territory of Hawaii have an estimated total
area of 1,588,430 acres. These lands, with the exception of areas
set aside for special public purposes, are administered by the commissioner
of public lands and are homesteaded, sold, leased, or exchanged,
in accordance with the provisions of section 73 of the Hawaiian
Organic Act, as amended.
The results of the more important activities of the office of the .
commissioner of public lands, during the year, are summarized in
the following statements:
Land-patent grants.—Eighty-eight land-patent grants were issued,
covering a total area of 222,728 acres, valued at $64,234.27.
Deeds.—One hundred and twenty deeds to and from the Territory
were executed during the year.
Auction sales.—Twenty-eight auction sales were advertised.
Sixty-seven general leases, covering a total area of 26,784.541 acres
were offered for sale at a total upset rental of $9,819.50 and sold for
$10,375.50, an increase of $556 over the upset price.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 33
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF AGRICULTURE AND
FORESTRY
Expenditures made during the fiscal year to carry out the various
duties and functions of the department have been as follows:
From general fund appropriation----------------------------------------$173, 449. 45
From special funds_________________________ ----------------- 35, 802. 26
Total expenditures________________________________ 209, 251. 71
DIVISION OF FORESTRY
The progress of forest management during the period under review
has greatly advanced with the aid of the Emergency Conservation
Work program and in many lines of endeavor the results have been
doubled. In general, the work of trail construction to make planting
areas accessible has largely been completed, and attention has
been concentrated on tree production and reforestation.
During the past fiscal year 2,324,429 trees were planted on 5,406
acres of denuded Government lands in forest reserves on the four
main islands. For this purpose and to supply the demands of other
tree planters 2,644,629 trees were raised and distributed from the
five nurseries of this division. On 5,641 acres of planted forests the
trees have been cultivated to promote vigorous growth. The accomplishments
in this field were twice those of the previous year.
DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY
Work in applied entomology along similar lines to those followed
in previous years has been carried on throughout the year. The
staff of workers has been added to and really increased somewhat
beyond its previous size, with the ample funds provided by the last
legislature. The entomologist and chief plant inspector has been
absent on leave most of the year, engaged in foreign field exploration
work (fruit fly, mealybug and scale enemies collecting, directed and
supervised for the A. A. A. by the U. S. Bureau of Entomology).
The main work in the pest-control division has been attending to
the reception and handling of the foreign introductions.
Plant-inspection and quarantine is concerned principally with the
enforcement of plant-inspection statutes and the rules promulgated
pursuant thereto governing the importation of all horitcultural
material to the islands, the administration of the quarantines, imposed
by the Federal Government under the Plant Quarantine Act,
on foreign plants and plant products, the regulation and control of
feral animal importations.
34 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
There follows a statistical account of the work of this division
Inspections:
Number vessels inspected, freight and passenger carriers______ 949
Number passengers disembarked_________________________ 38, 390
Number baggage parcels carried__________________________ 149, 760
Horticultural material dealt with:
Number lots passed as free from pests____________________ 3, 150, 222
Number lots fumigated or treated otherwise_______________ 6, 480
Number lots prohibited material destroyed________________ 917
Number lots refused entry_____________________________ 621
Interisland traffic:
Number lots passed when complying with regulations________ 30, 544
Number lots treated previous to certification_______________ 488
DIVISION OF FISH AND GAME
In carrying on the wildlife conservation program, this division has
devoted its best efforts to conserving and fostering the fish and game
supply of the Territory.
As in the past, the success of this work is largely dependent on the
efficient performance of their duties by the wardens. These men are
responsible not only for the enforcement of the law, but also are
required to collect fees, issue licenses, disseminate information regarding
the various phases of the work to the fishermen, hunters, and others
in their districts and gather statistics necessary to the framing and
enactment of laws essential to maintain and increase the supply of
fish and game.
During the fiscal year closed the wardens helped to collect $14,353
in fishing license fees and made 485 arrests which resulted in $4,687
in fines and bail forfeitures being collected.
During the previous year the number of birds raised to liberation
age was approximately 1,700. This year the number of chicks
hatched was slightly over 7,000. In addition to pheasants, guinea
fowl, pea fowl, valley quail, and chukar partridge are now being
raised at the farm and some of these will be liberated on each of the
islands during the year.
The catch of fish brought to the markets has been about equal to
the catch of the previous year.
The i evenues collected during the fiscal year by this division were
as follows:
Sale of fish, tags, numbers, etc______________________________$2, 223. 30
Hunting licenses (all islands)_______________________________ 7, 478. 50
Commercial fishing licenses________________________________ 14, 353. 00
Total____________________________________________ 24, 054. 80
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 35
DIVISION OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY
On account of the adequate provision made by the last legislature
it was possible to reinstate in the service at the beginning of the fiscal
year four deputy veterinarians who had been previously dropped
from the service on account of lack of funds and this has enabled
the division to function in a more efficient manner than during
the previous year.
The animal quarantine station has been practically rebuilt under
the personal direction of the president of the board and with the
assistance of Federal relief funds. As a result of these improvements
the confidence and good feeling of the dog owners has been gained,
and much of the antagonism formerly displayed by importers of dogs
has disappeared.
During the fiscal year just closed 16,514 head of cattle were tuberculin
tested.
Three thousand eight hundred and forty-seven more cattle were
tested than during the previous year with 67 less reactors, and the
percentage of reactors was reduced from 1.17 percent to 0.49 percent.
This is the lowest percentage of tuberculosis recorded in the islands
to date. > !
Livestock imported into the Territory during the fiscal year
Horses___________________ 84
Mules____________________ 40
Cattle____________________ 410
Swine____________________ 14
Dogs_____________________ 180
Cats_____________________ 15
Crates of poultry___________ 1, 627
Goats____________________ 2
Sheep____________________ 1
Various___________________ 885
DIVISION OF BACTERIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY
During the fiscal year 11,137 examinations were made of animal
material forwarded from the several islands. These examinations
disclosed 293 cases of infectious disease, 93 cases of parasitic disease,
13 cases of noninfectious disease, and 10,596 examinations which
were negative for the diseases for which they were studied.
Material from swine, dogs, cats, horses, chickens, goats, and other
animals was studied and in many of the samples diseased conditions
found. Anthrax was demonstrated in culture from a pustule on the
hand of Dr. Weight, one of the deputy veterinarians on Maui, and
from a pustule on the arm of a cattle foreman. Both recovered with
little difficulty.
36 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
HAWAII AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
The Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station operates under the
joint supervision of the University of Hawaii and the United States
Department of Agriculture.
During the past few years increasing attention has been paid to
crops which might be grown profitably in addition to sugarcane and
pineapples. The quota restrictions on sugar and the self-imposed
quota on pineapples, limit expansion of these crops while constantly
increasing yields tend to release areas of arable land. A few small
ventures here and elsewhere indicate that there are decided possibilities
for economical production of Macadamia nuts, taro, papaya
products, tomatoes, passion fruit, asparagus, and for increasing
beef production in the Territory. Only by painstaking research
have the two principal industries been made profitable and it can
well be expected that new ventures must receive the same subsidy.
The two splendid private research stations were established to work
upon their respective crops by the plantations growing these crops.
It, therefore, devolves upon the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment
Station as a joint Territorial and Federal agency to conduct studies
and obtain information for the small farmer and plantation alike
which may lead to the economical establishment of diversified farming
and development of new industries.
With greater financial support and increased personnel, it has
been possible for this station to start a number of new activities or
lines of study. These include plant pathology, food processing,
rodent control, parasitology, and animal nutrition. Activities of the
station now permeate the entire Territory by reason of the 20 or so
animal and field experiments being carried on cooperatively with
governmental and private agencies.
AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ADMINISTRATION FUNDS
Funds have been obtained from the Agricultural Adjustment
Administration which set aside approximately 10 percent of the
processing taxes collected on sugar for the benefit of agriculture in
the islands. Prior to invalidation of the act on January 6, 1936, the
following tax fund orders and projects were approved and inaugurated:
Tax fund order Name of project Amount
No 1 Soil survey - - - - - - - -- -----________ - - - -- - $7, 500
7, 500
80, 000
50, 000
40, 000
110, 000
60, 000
70, 000
50, 000
30, 000
No 2 do _ ________ _____________ -----
No 3 Fruit-fl v control _ ____________________ ______________ —-------
Taro investigations __ -- - - - _________ -- _______________
Liver fluke eradication___ _ _ __ ______ - -- - — — ------------
No 6 Rat abatement campaign __ __ ________ ______ __ -
No. 7______________ Development of truck farming and improvement of marketing facilities
for farm products.
No 8 Development of livestock feeds__ __ _________ _______________ — —
No 9 Development of tropical fruits and nuts______ ___ ________________—
No. 10. _ _________ Promotion of poultry industry----------------------------------------------------------------
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 37
The soil survey of the Territory, tax fund orders 1 and 2, is conducted
by the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils and investigations
relating to the Mediterranean fruit fly by the Bureau of Entomology
and Plant Quarantine. Projects 4 to 10, inclusive, were assigned to
the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station for administration.
Invalidation of portions of the Agricultural Adjustment Act in
January terminated disbursements of these funds but the unexpended
portion of the allotted moneys was subsequently reappropriated in the
Second Deficiency Act, Public, No. 440, and station activities on these
projects were resumed. The allotments were originally set up for
1 year’s activity but are now being spread over a period of approximately
15 to 20 months, and will terminate during the spring and
summer of 1937.
STATION EXPANSION AND INCREASED PERSONNEL
Total expenditures by the station during the year ending June 30,
1936, amounted to $215,357.05 compared to $93,066 during the
previous year. The increased funds made possible the engagement
of a number of well-trained, young, and active investigators and an
expansion of personnel from 10 full-time and 7 part-time during
1935 to 47 full-time and 14 part-time technical employees during
the past year.
LAND AND BUILDINGS ACQUIRED
On August 1, 1935, the offices of the experiment station were
transferred to the new agricultural building erected on the university
campus. This two-story, concrete-block building has a floor space
of approximately 14,400 square feet and is used by the agricultural
experiment station and the Agricultural Extension Service. In
addition to the main office, four department heads of the station
have their offices in this building. There is also a laboratory for
instruction in soils and a chemical laboratory.
On February 28, 1936, an area of 30.766 acres of Territorial land
was set aside for the use of the station by Governor’s proclamation,
no. 695. This land is situated on the main highway midway between
Wahiawa and Waialua, and has been used for pineapple and sugarcane
culture. It will be available to the station at the expiration of
the present lease on August 30, 1937. Irrigation water is available
and the area to be known as Poamoho Farm will be used for investigations
on soils, truck crops, and some tree crops.
38 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
Expenditures of funds under jurisdiction of the superintendent of
public works for the fiscal year are divided as follows:
Department of public works:
General funds______________
Revolving funds____________
Trust funds_______________
Territorial highway department:
Loan funds________________
Special funds______________
Trust funds_______________
Federal funds______________
Revolving (maintenance) funds.
$136, 111. 65
18, 649. 10
1, 273. 32
52, 359. 93
132, 894. 38
166, 098. 79
1, 094, 658. 43
92, 826. 16
$156, 034. 04
1, 538, 837. 69
Total__________________________________________ 1, 694, 871. 73
Following are some of the more important activities of the department
of public works for the year ending June 30, 1936:
ISLAND OF OAHU
Construction of a disturbed patients’ ward, a female convalescent
ward, and a male convalescent ward for the Territorial hospital for
the insane, for the sum of $165,839, of which $46,300 was contributed
from P. W. A. funds, known as Federal Docket No. 8018.
Construction of a hot-water system and additions and replacements
in the boiler room for the Territorial hospital for the sum of $23,347.
Construction of an animal house for the Federal experiment station,
Kalihi Hospital, Honolulu, for the sum of $4,379.
At Oahu Prison the following were completed:
Unit for incorrigibles and additions to mess building-----------------$102, 675. 30
Refrigeration plant in kitchen_____________________ _______ 6, 000. 00
Equipment for kitchen addition_________________________ _ 3, 603. 00
Equipment for kitchen addition___________________________ 1, 513. 00
Addition to the kitchen--------------------------------------------------- 28, 401. 50
At Waimano Home the following were completed:
New unit for boys (of which $53,200 was Federal grant, Federal
Docket No. 8029)____________________________________ 177,341.00
Furnishing and installing in the pump house, a hydro-pneumatic
pumping plant for fire protection and irrigation purposes, and a
water softener for softening the domestic water supply-------- 4, 430. 00
Furnishing and installing in the storeroom 2 storage refrigerator
cabinets complete with self-contained refrigerating units------ 1, 595. 00
Repairing and reroofing the roofs of the buildings------------------- 4, 220. 99
Construction of a dormitory and classroom building for the school
for deaf and blind at Waikiki, for the sum of $11,152.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 39
ISLAND OF MOLOKAI
Construction of a mental ward and patients’ cottages at Kalaupapa,
Molokai, for the sum of $6,699.
All the above work has been either completed or is progressing
satisfactorily.
TERRITORIAL HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT
All activities of the Territorial highway department are in connection
with Territorial highways that are built entirely or partly with
Federal funds. These activities are suppervised for the Federal
Government by the United States Bureau of Public Roads through
its principal highway engineer, who has an office in Honolulu. Highways
are also built with Territorial funds in which the Federal
Government may not participate in the costs.
Each separate Federal fund allotted to this Territory must be
spent under the particular regulations applicable to that fund. To
date, Federal funds have been spent on the approved Federal-aid
highway system and upon secondary highways, which the Secretary of
Agriculture has approved as proper feeder roads to the system.
The various Federal funds allotted to date are shown in the following
table listing all Federal funds allotted to the Territory for highway
purposes through the Bureau of Public Roads, July 1, 1925, to June
30, 1936, and consist of—
Post road funds (regular Federal aid).
Advance to States.
Emergency relief funds.
United States public works highway fund, 1934.
United States public works highway fund, 1935.
1935 Emergency relief funds for highways, roads, and streets.
1935 Emergency relief fund for elimination of hazards at railroad crossings.
The post road funds (regular Federal aid) have to be matched by
funds from Territorial sources of an equal amount. The emergency
funds do not have to be matched with Territorial money.
The Federal funds can only be used to participate in the costs
incurred after the actual start of construction. All costs, such as the
preparation of plans and specifications, surveys, purchase of rightsof-
way, payment of damages, cost of maintaining a Territorial highway
organization and costs of certain items of construction not
eligible for Federal participation have to be paid entirely out of
Territorial funds. Therefore, in the expenditure of any Federal
funds, the Territory must bear a portion of the final costs and in the
use of post road funds the Territorial share of the cost is in excess of
the Federal share.
40 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
Table showing all Federal funds allotted to the Territory for highway purposes through
the Bureau of Public Roads, July 1, 1925, to June 30, 1936
Total post road funds (regular Federal aid) allotted to Territory
1925-33________________________________________ $4, 026, 787. 96
Lapsed on June 30, 1930____________________ $326, 864. 96
Transferred to Hawaii special fund____________ 880, 000. 00
Repayment of advance to States_____________ 80, 000. 00
---------------- 1, 286, 864. 96
Net total post road funds available to Territory_______ 2, 789, 923. 00
Post-road allotment for 1935-36_________________________ 609, 375. 00
Post-road allotment for 1936-37_________________________ 609, 375. 00
Total________________________________________ 3, 958, 673. 00
Advance to States____________________________________ 400, 000. 00
Emergency relief funds________________________________ 600, 000. 00
Hawaii special fund___________________________________ 880, 000. 00
U. S. Public Works highway fund, 1934___________________ 1, 871, 062. 00
U. S. Public Works highway fund, 1935___________________ 949, 778. 00
1935 emergency relief fund for highways, roads, and streets____ 926, 033. 00
1935 emergency relief fund for elimination of hazards at railroad
crossings________________________________________ 453, 703. 00
Total, all Federal funds allotted to Territory_________ 10, 039, 249. 00
Act 203, S. L. 1935, provided for the sale of bonds to raise funds for
highway purposes which totaled $1,845,000. Of this total amount
$500,000 is contained in item 12 for the Waianae-Waialua road.
Balances in this latter fund may be expended only after the Waianae-
Waialua road is completed. This road is not on the system eligible
to receive Federal-aid participation from post-road funds.
AVIATION
The Territorial airports have been maintained and improved partly
from maintenance funds of the Territory, from F. E. R. A. labor and
materials, and with prison labor.
With the increasing size and speed of aircraft, it is becoming more
necessary that major improvement be made on all fields owned by
the Territory, particularly on Hawaii, Maui, and Kauai.
BOARD OF HARBOR COMMISSIONERS
The condition of the finances of the board of harbor commissioners
have shown a material improvement over that of last year when there
was a deficit of some $40,000. This year there is a surplus of approximately
$65,000 to which should be added a chargeable rental of space
to other governmental agencies of some $16,000 or a total surplus of
some $81,000 of earnings over expenses.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 41
This has been brought about by savings in interest charges due to
refinancing, by increased business, and by a definite effort to obtain
revenues from the various facilities available.
The total revenues for the year were $889,625.20, an increase of
$42,159.91 over the previous year.
The total number of vessels arriving from overseas at ports operated
by the board was 1,227 with a gross tonnage of 10,623,529. This
shows an increase of 16 vessels and 221,417 gross tons.
Expenditures from the general fund were $169,511.98 and from the
loan fund $56,616.64 making a total from both funds of $226,128.62.
Following are brief resumes of some of the more important activities
of the board:
ISLAND OF OAHU
Kapalama railroad tracks.—With the abandonment by the Oahu
Railway & Land Co. of their pier 17, the pineapple tonnage of Libby,
McNeill & Libby from Kolo, Molokai, approximately 85,000 tons,
previously handled over that pier had to be cared for over Kapalama
piers, and in order to do this, it was necessary to construct sufficient
trackage to make possible a continuous run of cars over the wharves
there.
This was accomplished by the exchange of occupancy and right-ofway
privileges between the Oahu Railway & Land Co. and the Territory
of certain lands severally owned and the letting of contracts for
materials and installation amounting to $22,568.30.
This, together with the purchase of additional materials, hauling,
plans and inspection service, brought the total cost of this installation
to $25,852.93.
Waikiki Beach improvement and reclamation '.—Preliminary studies
have been made for the improvement and reclamation of Waikiki
Beach, so that some comprehensive plan might be available for the
consideration of the next legislature.
Yacht harbor.—The board of harbor commissioners has taken over
and issued regulations for the conduct of the yacht basin at the
entrance to the Ala Wai Canal. The improvements of this locality,
consisting of docks and piers, were constructed by the F. E. R. A.
The parks department of the city and county expects to have the
basin at this locality materially enlarged by dredging, in the near
future, on a land-exchange basis.
ISLAND OF HAWAII
Hilo pilot boat.—The engine in the Hilo pilot boat having been in
continuous use since 1926 finally broke down. A contract for a new
6-cylinder Buda internal-combustion gasoline engine was entered
into for $1,667 complete and installed.
42 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
Fender systems, piers 1-2, Hilo.—The fender systems on piers 1
and 2, Hilo, have reached the stage where extensive repairs and
replacements have become necessary. The estimated cost of this
work is in the neighborhood of $6,000. It is not contemplated,
however, that the entire work will be completed this year, but it is
hoped to put the system in satisfactory condition within a few
months.
ISLAND OF MAUI
Kahului sprinkler system.—At pier no. 1, Kahului, a sprinkler
system has been installed, financed by the Kahului Railroad Co.,
for the protection of sugar and other commodities. The savings in
insurance rates are such that the system will pay for itself in some 7
years. A similar plan is proposed for pier 1 in Hilo.
ISLAND OF MOLOKAI
A contract for widening and paving the Kaunakakai mole was
awarded for $23,467.42 and has been satisfactorily completed at a
cost of $24,177.57.
ISLAND OF KAUAI
Port Allen pier.—The plans for the Port Allen pier have been
held in abeyance in an endeavor to obtain Federal funds. This
project will cost about $630,000, will be self-liquidating, and will
greatly improve the handling of sugar and other cargo at this port.
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION
A review of public-school education during the past year shows a
number of interesting facts and trends. The responsibilities of the
school have been increasing. A higher percentage of children of
school age, particularly on the secondary level, are now enrolled.
Health services are expanding. Special education for the physically
handicapped makes increasing demands. Very recently a rehabilitation
program has been added. Problems in social welfare and occupational
guidance are being forced more and more into the school.
It is expected that children who come from under-privileged homes
will find in the school the companionship and supervision necessary
to happiness and the best social development. It is no longer possible
to think of the school as being interested only in the mental development
of the child. As a supplementary agency, i£ must concern itself
with the whole life of the child, even to food and clothing and personal
hygiene.
SCHOOL ENROLLMENT
Statistical tables made a part of this report show that the total
enrollment in the public and private schools is 99,447. Of this total
85,006 are in the public schools. This is an increase of only 1,687
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 43
over the enrollment of a year ago. It is significant that for the first
time in the history of the Territorial schools the elementary and
grammar grades show an actual decrease in enrollment. There are
257 fewer pupils than a year ago. Only the schools of Maui showed
an increase. It is noteworthy that the greatest decrease in any one
grade was 451 in grade 1. The intermediate grades show an increase
of 761 and the high school, including vocational students, an increase
of 1,183. These indicate two significant facts: First, that the school
population in the lower grades is decreasing and, second, that the
schools are now holding more of the pupils in the upper grades.
This greater holding power is likely due to the increased emphasis
on vocational subjects and to the fact that more education is being
offered in the rural districts. There are now 34 school communities
where the educational offering extends beyond the eighth grade. This
tends to give the boy and girl of the rural district more of the opportunities
which have heretofore been associated with city life. This
trend has had the support of industrial leaders and also of the legislature.
TEACHER TRAINING AND PLACEMENT
The classroom teacher is the most important factor in the schools.
Pupil growth is conditioned by the quality of instruction, hence the
selection of teachers with adequate professional training becomes the
most important administrative function of the department. In its
teacher-training program, Hawaii now rates high as compared with
mainland standards. Since the amalgamation of the Territorial
normal school with the University of Hawaii in 1932, the period of
training demanded of applicants for teaching positions has been
gradually extended. At the present time it is 5 years of academic
and professional work, one semester of which may be probationary
teaching. It is now possible to find fifth-year applicants for practically
all positions except for a limited number in special fields, such as shop,
home economics, and instrumental music. While many teachers of
more limited training are rendering excellent service, the value of the
more adequate training period is obvious.
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
Vocational and prevocational work in the public schools has made
steady progress and has kept pace with the increased enrollment in
the schools.
44 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
The following table shows the increase in teachers in the various
fields since 1932 that has been necessary to take care of increased
enrollments:
Subject
Year
1932-33 1933-34 1934-35 1935-36
Vocational agriculture.- _______________________ __________________ 30 34 39 48
Gardening 1 ______ _________________________________________ - 30 22 33 37
Home economics_______________ _________________________________ 72 75 78 86
Cafeteria_________________________________________________________ 105 110 118 129
Trade shops ..__ ________________________________________________ 18 18 19 19
Continuation schools_______________________________________ _____ 3 4 4
Prp.vr>r.atirma.l shons 1. 60 59 64 65
Total______________— 315 321 355 388
1 In some instances instructors divided time between garden and prevocational shop and are counted in
both places.
With the improvement of industrial conditions in the Territory,
there has been an increase in the demand for graduates of our various
trade classes. In many cases, students are now placed in jobs by the
time of their graduation. Each year, more and more men employed
in industry are taking advantage of the evening trade classes in order
to increase their technical knowledge of trade skills.
The tables which follow supply statistical data in regard to the
enrollment in the public and private schools of the Territory.
Number of schools, teachers, and pupils in the territory of Hawaii, June 30, 1936
i From the report of December 1935.
Number
of schools
Teachers Pupils
Male Female Total Male Female Total
Public________________________
Private 1______________________
Total___________________
184
86
565
142
2, 282
444
2, 847
586
44,019
7, 723
40, 987
6,718
85,006
14,441
270 707 2,726 3,433 51, 742 47, 705 99,447
Classification of public school pupils by citizenship, June 30, 1936
Hawaii Maui Oahu’ Kauai Male Female Total
Percentage
of
total
Citizens by birth...
Foreign born_______
17, 578
104
12,863
115
45,893
397
7, 927
129
43, 596
423
40,665
322
84, 261
745
99.12
.88
Total.................17, 682 12, 978 46, 290 8,056 44,019 40, 987 85,006 100.00
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 45
THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII
The enrollment of students continues to increase, there having
been 1,383 degree and certificate candidates in 1935-36 as compared
with 1,259 in the preceding year. This, however, is not the total
number of students, for there were 836 additional not candidates for
degrees (extension students, specials, etc.) and 1,037 in the summer
session, making a total of 3,256.
Some 286 degrees were awarded at the 1936 commencement, as
follows:
Bachelor of arts-------------------- 107
Bachelor of science___________ 55
Bachelor of education-------------- 90
Master of arts_______________ 18
Master of science_____________ 10
Master of education___________ 6
Certificates were awarded to 49 students who had completed the
fifth (post-graduate) year in teachers college. As a result of limiting
of enrollment in this department of the university, the supply of new
teachers is just about keeping pace with the demand, and there are
relatively few graduates not placed. In most other lines, too, this
is true. Local business houses and agricultural industries take in
all that are graduated in the business and agricultural courses.
FACULTY
To supplement in special fields the work of the regular faculty
staff, the university last year invited several noted professors and
lecturers from other universities.
The summer session (1936) staff was strengthened by the addition
of 11 professors from various mainland universities.
A notable feature of this summer session was the international
conference which was assembled to study certain educational problems
of special interest in the Pacific area. With financial assistance from
the Carnegie Corporation and with the collaboration of Yale University,
the University of Hawaii was successful in bringing together
about 60 men and women from many parts of the world to spend 6
weeks together in a detailed and careful analysis of various educational
problems. A byproduct of this which was of great interest to the
people of Hawaii was the presence here of several notable persons
who gave public addresses, radio talks, and newspaper interviews.
ADULT EDUCATION
The enrollment in extension courses showed an increase, and much
was done to draw together into closer cooperation the many agencies
and institutions in the Territory interested in the general field of
adult education. A Territorial conference on this subject is being
planned for next spring.
46 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
The Agricultural Extension Service was able to carry a much
larger program during the year by reason of the fact that Congress
provided an increase of more than $50,000 over previous appropriations
for this work. The number of county agents was increased
and the entire service extended. Special attention was directed
toward the marketing problems of local farmers. A man long
experienced in the marketing of fruits and vegetables, Mr. H. H.
Warner, of California,, was added to the staff and the United States
Department of Agriculture sent a specialist to help the farmers
understand grade standards, a project financed in part by a special
act of the 1935 legislature.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
The university spent $327,344.17 appropriated by the legislature,
$200,861.61 from the Federal Treasury and $253,095.18 derived from
student fees, gifts, and miscellaneous sources. Thus, a total of
$781,300.96 was spent for all university functions, including instruction,
extension service, research, and the wide variety of other
services which this institution performs for the Territory.
It is well to note that only about half of the total support of the
university is provided by the legislature, the other half coming from
tuition fees, Federal appropriations, and various private sources.
PUBLIC LIBRARIES
LIBRARY OF HAWAII
The restoration of the library appropriation to within 25 percent
of the 1931 budget infused new life into the rural extension work.
The book car was purchased in the late summer and began its regular
schedule of visits to the schools October 1. During the 8 months,
from October to May, 82,547 books were circulated to the children
of the rural schools by means of this library on wheels.
Palama branch library was opened in July 1935, and has shown a
remarkable growth. Forty thousand six hundred and twenty books
were circulated to its 1,773 borrowers. The branch is open only 14
hours a week.
The most spectacular achievement of the extension work of the
library was the beginning of book service by clipper ship to the
Pan-American Airways workers stationed on Midway and Wake
Islands. This was arranged by courtesy of the Pan-American Airways
and the first shipment was sent on June 22. As the cable ship
Dickinson continues to take shipments of books every 3 months to
the cable station workers on Midway Island, the Library of Hawaii
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 47
is now privileged to use the unique slogan, “Books by land, air, and
water.”
This year the circulation totaled 783,319, a gain of 70,551. This
gain was undoubtedly due to the partially restored book funds and
to the book car service.
The registered borrowers total 37,624 which amounts to 17 percent
of the population of this island. The children borrowing books from
the Edna Allyn room total 13,315; 24,309 borrowers use the adult
departments. The books reserved at the loan desk totaled 6,247,
showing an increase of 2,000 requests for this service. The overdue
notices and letters sent out by the loan desk staff amounted to 16,736,
an approximate increase of 6,000. The city attorney’s office cooperates
splendidly in following up and prosecuting delinquent
borrowers. During the year that office sent out 38 letters to those
who had failed to respond to letters from the library, and issued 22
penal summons.
The public libraries on the islands of Hawaii, Maui, and Kauai
also reported substantial gains in circulation, registration, etc.
HAWAII NATIONAL GUARD
The headquarters of the Hawaii National Guard is required to be so
organized that the conduct of the affairs of the guard, as required by
the laws of Hawaii, the National Defense Act, and the regulations of
the National Guard Bureau, may be expeditiously performed, and in
addition must carry out the duties pertaining to the administration,
training, supply, construction, and transportation normally delegated
to a command equivalent to a brigade of infantry. To perform these
duties the routine work of this headquarters is divided into the following
sections:
1. Personnel.
2. Intelligence.
3. Plans and training.
4. Supply, finance, construction, and transportation.
5. Territorial staff group (medical, legal, administrative,
inspection, transportation and supply).
During the past 6 months the demands on this headquarters for
information from service records have been paticularly heavy, due to
the many requests from veterans of the World War for assistance in
establishing their identity in order that they could obtain the bonus
granted by the Federal Government. The accurate and extensive
personnel records maintained by the Hawaii National Guard made it
possible to establish the identity of over a thousand veterans.
48 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
STRENGTH
The strength allotted the Hawaii National Guard at present is set
at 110 commissioned officers, 2 warrant officers, and 1,606 enlisted
men. On June 30, 1936, there were 106 commissioned officers and
1,577 enlisted men, distributed as follows:
298th
Infantry
299th
Infantry
Territorial
Staff and
Territorial
Detachment
Total
Officers _ _________________________________ _________ 51
807
47
749
8
21
106
Enlisted men_________________________________________ 1, 577
Total— ________________________________________ 858 796 29 1,683
The strength of the Hawaii National Guard on June 30, 1936,
represents a decrease of 2 commissioned officers, 2 warrant
officers, and an increase of 55 enlisted men over that shown on June
30, 1935.
Seven enlisted men hold commissions as second lieutenants in the
National Guard of the United States.
NATIVITY REPORT
The nativity report of the Hawaii National Guard as of June 30,
1936, is as follows:
Officers
and
warrant
officers
Enlisted
men
Officers
and
warrant
officers
Enlisted
men
Hawaiians__________________
Portuguese__________________
Chinese_____________________
Americans (and other Caucasians)___________________
Caucasian-Hawaiians_______
Chinese-Hawaiians__________
Puerto Ricans_______________
875
61
15
8
320
289
242
167
165
136
80
Japanese_______________________________
Portuguese-Hawaiians_______ 2
Koreans_______________________________
Spanish________________________________
Colored and all others__________________
Filipinos_______________________________
Total__________________
60
49
23
17
17
12
1, 577
INCREASED ALLOTMENT
The National Guard Bureau has allotted to the Hawaii National
Guard a third battalion of infantry (less one company), which is to be
assigned probably April 1, 1937. This increase in strength will
enable units to be placed on the islands of Kauai and Molokai.
FINANCE
During the last year the Federal Government has been very liberal
in its financial support of the Hawaii National Guard. Eight complete
radio sets; one trailer; one ambulance; eleven 1%-ton trucks and
three reconnaissance trucks were received early in the year, as well
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 49
as new medical and other equipment, including a 100-percent replacement
of web equipment. In addition, Congress authorized the
employment of caretakers from Federal funds. These caretakers
are primarily intended to protect Federal property and to reduce the
large annual losses of property, as well as the losses from deterioration.
This year Congress made provision for the establishment of
Territorial pool of caretakers, and such a pool has been organized
at the Honolulu armory.
FEDERAL FUNDS
(a) Funds expended by the Unitbd States pioperty and disbursihg
officer, Hawaii National Guard, for the Federal Government in the
support of the Hawaii National Guard during the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1936:
Pay of caretakers____ 1__________________________________ $10, 349. 25
Expenses, camps of instruction____________________________ 51, 133. 59
Pay of United States property and disbursing officers__________ 1, 200. 00
Employment of range keepers_____________________________ 740. 00
N. I. R. construction____________________________________ 8, 965. 46
Miscellaneous__________________________________________ 1, 873. 07
Total___________________________________________ 74, 261. 37
(&) The following expenditures for the fiscal year 1936 were made
from funds allotted to the commanding general, Hawaiian Department,
for the support of the Hawaii National Guard:
Armory drill pay_______________________________________$110, 000. 00
Expenses of sergeant-instructors, Regular Army______________ 2, 680. 70
Procurement of articles of uniform_________________________ 10, 182. 98
Procurement of miscellaneous quartermaster equipment, supplies,
and repairs_________________________________________ 2, 725. 87
Procurement of ordnance equipment, supplies, and repairs______ 5, 506. 94
Freight charges, camps of instruction_____________________ 1, 440. 70
Miscellaneous___________________ .•_____________________ 2, 045. 60
Total__________________________________________ 134, 582. 79
Total value of 8 radio transmitting and receiving sets__________ 2, 660. 48
Total value of 11 1%-ton trucks___________________________ 7, 644. 12
Total value of 1 ambulance______________________________ 975. 00
Total value of 1 trailer__________________________________ 485. 00
Total value of 3 reconnaissance trucks received during year_____ 2, 280. 09
Total__________________________________________ 14, 044. 69
Total Federal funds expended by commanding general, Hawaiian
department_______________________________________ 134, 582. 79
Total Federal funds expended by United States purchasing and
disbursing officer___________________________________ 74, 261. 37
Grand total Federal funds expended fiscal year 1936_____ 222, 888. 85
50 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
TERRITORIAL FUNDS
Territorial funds expended during the fiscal year were as follows:
Personal services_________________________________________ $16, 254. 68
Other current expenses___________________________________ 13, 780. 50
Field training pay_______________________________________ 10, 746. 60
Equipment____________________________________________ 2, 665. 71
Motor vehicle__________________________________________ 995. 00
Improvements to buildings_______________________________ 10, 432. 13
Structures and permanent improvements (Maui camp site)______ 2, 153. 67
Total___________________________________________ 57, 008. 29
BOARD OF HEALTH
Some of the year’s achievements in public health in the Territory
of Hawaii are shown by the following:
(1) A low mortality rate of 8.58 per 1,000 population (8.48 in 1935).
(2) A record low death rate from tuberculosis, as it dropped from
second to third place in the principal causes of death.
(3) An exceedingly low maternal mortality, the rate being 3.92 as
against 4.64 in 1935—really a remarkable record.
Pursuant to the recommendations of the various examining boards,
26 physicians were licensed to practice medicine and surgery, 2
osteopathic physicians were licensed by reciprocity, and 2 naturo-,
paths and 2 veterinarians were licensed. Three licenses to practice
medicine and surgery in the Territory were revoked during the year
and one was restored. Ten physicians left the Territory and four
died.
At the close of the fiscal year there were practicing in the Territory:
Physicians and surgeons_________________________________________ 269
Osteopathic physicians_________________________________________ 10
Chiropractors________________________________________________ 8
Naturopaths_________________________________________________ 12
Hawaiian herbists_____________________________________________ 4
Midwives____________________________________________________ 129
Funeral directors______________________________________________ 22
Embalmers_________________________________________ 35
Apprentice embalmers__________________________________________ 4
FINANCES
The 1935 session"”of the legislature appropriated $1,742,819.08 to
carry on the activities of this department during the biennial period
beginning July 1, 1935.
VITAL STATISTICS
The population of the Territory of Hawaii, as of June 30, 1936, was
393,277, an increase of 8,840, or 2.3 percent, over the previous year.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 51
The greatest increase is shown in the population for the city and
county of Honolulu, of 6,251, the city proper gaining in number by
2,285. Maui registered an increase of 1,010; Hawaii County (exclusive
of Hilo City), 846; Kauai, 400, and Hilo City 252, while Kalawao
decreased by 9.
All of the several races increased in number, except the Filipino and
Hawaiian, which decreased by 1,118 and 116, respectively. The Caucasian
group increased by 7,240, Japanese 914, Chinese 231, Korean
34, and all others 45.
DEATHS
The crude death rate of the Territory for the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1936, increased by a small fraction over the year 1935, thus
registering a second record low mortality rate of 8.58 per 1,000 population
as against 8.48 in 1935 and 9.69 in 1934. There were 3,335
deaths from all causes in the Territory during the fiscal year, showing
an increase of 99 deaths, or 3.1 percent over 1935.
Ten principal causes of death
Cause
Total deaths
Death rate per
100,000 of population
1936 1935 1936 1935
Organic diseases of the heart__________________________________
Nephritis, all forms___________________________________________
Tuberculosis, all forms____________ ______________ ____________
Congenital malformation and diseases of early infancy________
Cancer and other malignant tumors._________________________
Accidental external causes (suicides and homicides excluded)..
Bronchopneumonia___________________________________________
Cerebral hemorrhage, apoplexy_______________________________
Lobar pneumonia____________________________________________
Diarrhea and enteritis (under 2 years of age)__________________
468
295
293
292
262
203
178
172
125
74
414
281
307
246
243
285
145
166
135
93
120.35
75. 86
75. 35
75.09
67. 38
52.20
45.78
44. 23
32.15
19.03
108.46
73. 62
80. 43
64. 45
63. 66
74. 67
37. 99
43.49
35. 37
21. 37
Total______________ 1___________________________________ 2,362 2,315 607.42 606.51
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
There was a tremendous increase in the number of cases of communicable
diseases in the Territory of Hawaii for the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1936, as compared with that of the preceding year. During
the fiscal year of 1935 there were only 3,578 cases reported as compared
with 15,243 for 1936, or an increase of 325 percent. This was
due to an epidemic of influenza, which accounted for 11,294 of the
reported cases. There was also an increase in the number of reports
submitted for diseases not on the reportable list, there being 319 of
these in 1936 as compared with 5 in 1935 and 10 in 1934. If the influenza
cases and nonreportable diseases are subtracted from the
complete totals, the final figures would be 5,520 for 1934; 3,399 for
1935 and 3,630 for 1936, showing that except for the influenza epidemic,
the morbidity rate is almost the same as in 1935, and considerably
less than in 1934.
52 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
On February 24, 1936, a full-time director of the bureau of communicable
diseases was appointed to head this important bureau in
the health department. Since his appointment considerable progress
has been made in all of the activities of the bureau. An increase in
diagnostic service has been offered to the public; complete follow-up
work on food handlers whose medical certificates show the presence
of contagious diseases has been accomplished, and more personal advice
has been given to parents as to the prevention and spread of
infectious diseases.
TUBERCULOSIS
More cures than deaths is the achievement in the control of tuberculosis
throughout the Territory for the fiscal year ended June 30,
1936.
Three thousand one hundred and thirty-one cases of tuberculosis
were registered with the bureau of tuberculosis during the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1936. Deaths reported from tuberculosis over the
same period were reduced to 293, while the number apparently cured,
arrested, or apparently arrested by medical or surgical treatment,
totaled 379 cases. Thus, there were 5 cures for every 4 deaths,
and but 1 death for every 10 cases registered.
However, tuberculosis still comes third in the list of causes of
death.
Tuberculosis deaths, however, were 14 less than were recorded for
the previous year, and 159 less than of the fiscal year 1919-20,
when a population of two hundred and sixty-odd thousand set the
tuberculosis death rate at 200 (per 100,000 population); whereas, the
rate for the fiscal year just ended, June 30, has reached the new low
of 75, having declined successively from 99.7 in 1933 to 89 for 1934,
to 80 as of last year, and to the new low of 75 for the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1936.
The bureau of tuberculosis, in addition to maintaining an active
register of all cases of tuberculosis in the Territory, supplements the
medical work of the private physicians by making available, through
its district-wide chest clinics, diagnostic and home care, as well as
sanitarium placement where indicated to every man, woman, and
child in the Territory.
TERRITORIAL HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE
This hospital operated in a satisfactory manner, and the mentally
ill were given efficient care. There were 842 patients on the books
on June 30, 1936, of which number 816 were in the hospital and 26
were absent but still on the books. This shows an actual increase
of 40 patients on hand as compared with 1935.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 53
The hospital days for both patients and employees numbered
336,223, and the per capita cost of patients and employees was $1.01.
The total expenditures for the year amounted to $338,394.05 and
receipts were $30,594.90.
The farm, poultry, and hog activities continued under the direct
supervision of the agricultural extension bureau of the University of
Hawaii, and as a result have shown very satisfactory results, as well
as financial profit. In addition to supplying the needs of the hospital,
farm products have been furnished to the other Territorial institutions.
Maintenance of equipment and buildings has naturally increased,
but with the assistance of the Works Progiess Administration all
important needs have been taken care of. Through the assistance of
the Works Progress Administration, construction of necessary roads
in the industrial section is nearly completed.
One female ward and two convalescent wards were completed
during the year. This helped very greatly to lessen the overcrowding
of patients.
BOARD OF HOSPITALS AND SETTLEMENT
With the close of the fifth year since the organization of the board
of hospitals and settlement, July 1, 1931, it is gratifying to report the
continued decrease in the total number of active patients at Kalihi
Hospital and at Kalaupapa to 525 as of June 30, 1936, as contrasted
with 623 for June 30, 1931, a decrease of 98 for the 5-year period.
At Kalaupapa the medical service has been improved, personnel has
been increased, and improvements made throughout the hospital.
The addition of a mental ward and improvements in the four dressing
stations in the several “homes” apart from the hospital have been
very helpful.
At Kalihi, medical relief and study of the patients has continued
during the year under the direction and execution of officers of the
United States Public Health Service stationed at the United States
leprosy investigation station and immediately adjoining the hospital.
These officers are designated by the board of hospitals and settlement
as attending physicians to Kalihi Hospital.
During the year the board’s physicians have conducted examinations
of patients on temporary release, relatives and children of
leprous patients and suspects on the four outside islands—Hawaii,
Maui, Molokai, and Kauai, and also on Oahu. The numbers so
examined are substantially in excess of those of last year.
As the majority of new cases occur among relatives of leprous
patients, the periodic examination of these persons is an important
public health measure leading toward early diagnosis and segregation—
a very important factor in the control of the disease.
54 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
Perhaps the most noteworthy event of historic significance that
took place at the settlement during the year was the disinterment on
January 27, 1936, of the remains of Father Damien Deveuster from
the crypt at the church of St. Philomina at Kalawao where they
had lain since his decease in 1887, and their removal to Belgium.
The movement was set on foot by the receipt of a request from
King Leopold, transmitted through President Roosevelt and acquiesced
in by the proper authorities, that the Damien remains be restored
td their native land for enshrinement. The rites at the ensuing ceremony
were conducted by the Catholic Bishop of Hawaii, and a large
gathering of government officials and Catholic clergy was in attendance.
An impressive feature of the day was afforded by the presence
at the proceedings of the members of the settlement who had come
to pay their last tribute of affection to the memory of the beloved
priest who had labored so long on their behalf.
The legislature of 1935 appropriated $867,622.50 for the requirements
of the board of hospitals and settlement during the 1935-37
biennial period, of which $455,089.90 was expended during the fiscal
year just closed. At the present time, it is estimated that the available
balance will be sufficient to meet the requirements of the ensuing
fiscal year. In addition to the above appropriations, $3,359.70 was
received from allotments for temporary assistants of which $2,282.39
was expended to June 30, 1936.
The total direct institutional per capita cost per day for all purposes
for the four institutions—Kalaupapa Settlement, Kalihi Hospital,
Kapiolani Girls’ Home; and Kahlihi Boys’ Home—was $1.67
and that of the previous year, $1.46. For personal services and
current expenses the daily per capita cost was 57 cents and $1.10,
respectively, as compared with 50 cents and 96 cents in each case of
the year before.
FEDERAL PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
MEDICAL INSPECTION OF ALIENS AT HONOLULU
During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1936, 3,643 alien passengers
and 33,190 alien seamen were given medical inspection at the port of
Honolulu, among whom 76 alien passengers and 32 alien seamen were
certified. Only 64 bona-fide immigrants were included among the
aliens entering this port; 1,588 were classed by the immigration
authorities as nonimmigrants, for the most part visitors, and 1,691
as returning residents. During recent years the importation of
oriental labor into the islands has been discontinued, and for this
reason the number of bona-fide immigrants given medical inspection
has been greatly reduced.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 55
The medical inspection of first- and second-class alien passengers
and practically all alien seamen is made aboard arriving vessels in
connection with the quarantine inspection of these vessels. Thirdclass
and steerage passengers are removed to the immigration station,
and they are inspected there a few hours after their arrival. A medical
officer is available at all times on call for the examination of
detained aliens at the immigration station.
HONOLULU RELIEF STATION
Medical relief is extended to service beneficiaries at this station,
the out-patient office being located in the Federal building, Honolulu,
which is centrally located, and in which adequate space is provided.
The out-patient office is in close proximity to the water front and
having been occupied as such for many years is well known to service
beneficiaries.
HONOLULU QUARANTINE STATION
The quarantine slip, which was constructed by contract at a cost
of approximately $60,000 was inspected, approved, and turned over
to the service on January 25, 1936. The slip and buildings erected
around it are entirely satisfactory and adequate for the needs of the
station, being a great improvement over the sunken barge which had
been in use for several years.
One hundred seventy-two vessels were inspected at this station
during the year, of which 161 were given free pratique and 11 given
provisional pratique. All vessels are boarded outside the harbor in
the open sea at this station. Of the 172 vessels inspected during
the year, 130 were trans-Pacific liners plying between Pacific coast
ports and the Orient or the Antipodes. These vessels are scheduled
to remain in Honolulu a few hours only, and the agents are extremely
anxious for their expeditious handling at quarantine. Cargoes entering
this port from the Orient and Australia consist for the most part
of silks, cotton goods, wood oil, hemp, copra, wool, hides, and fertilizer.
No quarantinable disease was found on any vessel or aircraft entering
this port during the year.
Trans-Pacific air service between Alameda, Calif., and Manila,
P. I., was inaugurated during the year. The first aircraft arrived at
Honolulu from Alameda on April 17, 1935, and the first from Manila
on December 4, 1935. This service has been considerably developed
during the year, and it is expected that regular passenger service
will be established in the near future.
56 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
ATTORNEY GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT
LITIGATION RESULTS
Exclusive of litigation conducted by the public prosecutor and the
city and county attorney of the city and county of Honolulu and
the several county attorneys, the following results were attained:
The department had no litigation during the year in the United
States Supreme Court.
In the one Territorial case decided by the United States Circuit
Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, the Territory was successful.
In the 12 cases handled by the attorney general before and decided
by the Supreme Court of Hawaii, the Territory was successful in
11 cases and unsuccessful in 1. In the one case which was decided
contrary to the attorney general’s contentions {Nichols v. Vannatta,
33 Haw. 602) the department was not so much interested in the
result as in securing a court decision for the protection of the fiscal
officers.
The attorney general was generally successful in the great number
of circuit court cases decided during the year with the exception of
five cases involving the gross income tax levied upon professions, and
injunction proceedings brought to restrain certain carriers from operating
without the required certificates of public convenience and
necessity. These cases have been appealed to and are now pending
in the supreme court.
In all cases decided by the tax appeal court the Territory was successful.
TAX LITIGATION
The changes in the tax laws greatly increased tax litigation before
all courts and boards. The department has handled all of this litigation
and has disposed of many cases before the supreme court, the
circuit courts, and the tax appeal court.
Despite the many serious court attacks made upon the several
tax laws, it successfully defended the same in all cases decided during
the past year by the supreme court and the tax appeal court. Had
some of these cases been decided adversely they would have seriously
affected Territorial finances. The supreme court decisions during the
past year in the cases of Thompson v. McGonagle, 33 Haw. 594, Oleson
v. Borthwick, 33 Haw. 766, and County of Kauai v. McGonagle, 33
Haw., were important victories in this respect.
In addition the department was successful in the only territorial
tax case decided during the year by the United States Circuit Court
of Appeals {Lord v. Territory of Hawaii, 79 Fed. (2) 761), and in all
cases decided by the several Territorial circuit courts with the exception
of the aforesaid cases dealing with the gross income tax levied
upon professions.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 57
In addition to the foregoing, a member of the department sat each
week as a member of the delinquent tax adjustment committee, of
which the attorney general is chairman.
PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION
The attorney general, pursuant to statute, has acted as the attorney
for the public utilities commission of the Territory. This activity has
necessitated the attendance of at least one member of the department
at all hearings, meetings, and conferences of the commission. It has
represented the commission at hearings held to evaluate and fix a fair
rate of return for the following public utilities: Maui Electric Co.,
Ltd.; Honolulu Rapid Transit Co., Ltd.; Hilo Electric Light Co.,
Ltd.; and the Mutual Telephone Co.
In addition the commission has been represented by members of
the department at many and extended hearings held in respect to
applications by vehicle transportation companies for certificates of
public convenience and necessity.
After a hearing before the commission in respect to the rate base
and rate of return of the Honolulu Gas Co., Ltd., the utility company
appealed from the commission’s order to the Supreme Court of Hawaii.
After the case had been briefed and argued on behalf of the commission
by the department, the supreme court sustained the commission’s
order with the exception of two minor points. (See In re Honolulu
Gas Company, 33 Haw. 487). This decision affords an important
precedent.
The department successfully defended the commission’s right to
investigate the Honolulu Rapid Transit Co., Ltd., after the utility
had appealed from the commission’s order to the supreme court. (See
Honolulu Rapid Transit Co. v. Public Utilities Commission, 33 Haw.
697).
Much litigation grew out of the claims advanced by certain motorvehicle
carriers that the Territorial statute requiring certificates of
public convenience and necessity (sec. 7958, Revised Laws 1935) was
void. Many such carriers started operating over the public streets
of Honolulu without first securing such certificates. A number of
suits to enjoin these illegal operations, as well as to enforce statutory
penalties, were commenced by the department. In the case of Wong v.
Public Utilities Commission a judge of the First Circuit Court decided
that the statute was void. After an appeal had been perfected by the
Territory, the supreme court reversed the circuit court’s decision upon
another ground. (See 33 Haw. 813.) The validity of the statute is
again before the supreme court in another case and an early decision
is expected.
58 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
TAXATION OPINIONS
From 1933 to 1935, both years inclusive, the Territory substituted
a radically different tax set-up for the one theretofore existing. The
new program included new real property, personal property, net
income, gross income, bank excise, business excise, consumption,
liquid fuel, public utilities, unemployment relief, and poll tax laws.
Most of these laws, within the brief period of 3 years, have been the
subject of major amendments, substitutions and repeals. The burden
of construing these laws as well as much of the work of fitting them
into the economic life of the Territory has fallen upon the department.
The questions that have arisen have been many in number and often
complicated in character. For this reason a major portion of the time
of the department has been occupied during the past year in rendering
opinions to and preparing forms and regulations for the several tax
administrators.
In addition to his legal duties, the attorney general, with each
succeeding session of the legislature, has been given many administrative
duties to perform. He is in charge of the Territorial police,
notaries public, and foreign language newspapers. He is a member of
the board of health, commissioners of insanity, delinquent tax adjustment
committee, board of examiners of abstract makers, board of bar
examiners, and the artesian wells board of appeal. In addition no
reduction in any taxes appearing on the tax rolls can be made without
his approval.
BOARD OF PRISON DIRECTORS
Some of the more important physical improvements at Oahu
Prison effected during the year include the following:
Completion of incorrigible ward, dining room and kitchen units,
refrigeration plant, and library quarters.
The farm acreage has been increased from about 3 to 12 acres, and
much of the produce used at Oahu Prison is grown on the prison
farm. About 2 acres is planted to a good variety of dry-land taro.
EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES
With a full-time academic teacher to supervise educational activities,
augmented by the assignment of two F. E. R. A. assistants, improvement
and training to inmates has been accomplished in this
field when it is considered that this activity is voluntary and performed
during the individual’s leisure time.
The library has been extensively used and longer hours for reading
encouraged. Many of the old books have been discarded as obsolete
and, through the generosity of several public-spirited citizens, a
goodly addition has been made to the number of volumes.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 59
RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
This phase of the institutional program has not been lost sight of.
Monthly activites known as Governor’s nights, sponsored by inmate
talent as well as by invited artists, are given regularly. Calisthenics,
baseball, handball, volleyball, occasionally boxing and wrestling and
field and track events, are permitted the inmates.
PAROLE WORK
In this, the board reports substantial progress along the lines
developed by years of study of the many aspects involved. The
purpose and justification of parole is that it is a system which will
prevent prisoners from resuming lawless lives upon release. Its real
test is its effectiveness in turning prisoners into law-abiding individuals
and preventing them from becoming habitual criminals.
The parole system is often blamed for our failure to instill a proper
respect for the law. But it needs to be emphasized that usually it is
not the system that is at fault but failure to operate it intelligently.
The staff members are conscientiously and effectively doing their
work on approved lines. Several public-spirited men have been
added to the staff from outside circuits as volunteer parole officers,
serving gratuitously.
The failure in paroles granted during the year is especially low
when it is generally known that the placing of men “with records”
in industry is a difficult task. The stigma which is always associated
with this group in the minds of law-abiding citizens is also found in
industry.
There were 53 Filipino prisoners released and returned to their
native land during the year.
Following are statistical tables of Oahu Prison:
Prisoners serving June 30, 1936
Nationality Male Female Total Percentage
American_______________________ ____________________________ 18 18 3. 64
Chinese_______________________________________________________ 43 43 8. 69
Filipino___ ________ ________________________________________ 126 1 127 25. 66
Hawaiian..________________ ________________________________ 60 1 61 12. 32
Caucasian-Hawaiian ____________________________________ __ 41 1 42 8.48
Asiatic Hawaiian. _________ ________________________________ 33 1 33 6. 67
Japanese _ __________________________________________________ 57 57 11.52
Korean _ _ _ _ _ ________________________________ 21 21 4. 24
Portuguese. _______ ________________________________________ 42 1 43 8.68
Puerto Rican _ _ ____________________________________ 36 36 7. 27
Spanish__ . _ _ _ ____________________ __________ 5 5 1.01
German ___________ _______________ 3 3 .61
Hawaiian mixtures _ _________________________________ 4 1 5 1.01
All others ___________________ :_______ 1 1 .20
Total_________________________________4_9_0___________5_____ 495 100.00
60 REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
Classification of crimes by nationality, prisoners serving June SO, 1936
T E R R IT O R IA L
aScjugorgj
2.88
3.36
28.78
14. 63
9. 83
6. 95
9. 59
3.12
9.11
8.63
1.20
.72
.96
.24
100.00
12
14
120
61
41
29
40
13
38
36
53
4
1
T—<
spjooaj
jpreq Su GIjtsi b^
OOOOOOr-fOOOOOOO r-4
Xtnopog
OOr-lr-Hr-HOr-irHT^^OOOO O
QSJnOOJQ^UI [Bnx8g
HHOOOOW^HtONOOOO
(uni
puu jiq) 9261
■H'TS T6£I'oaS
r-iOOIOOOOOOOOOOO co
9dBH HOCIOHCOMOIOOOHOH CO
Xigqqog r-401?^»OCQr-7.3*7 \ urban 2.64i
-wr .. ».»>■>;/ Hlu3raal b2c0l.a427
/ \ Tbt. 23.068
!rb. 2.164'
ural 14.92g'_
*6818 Arec ibo
Urban la.ai
Rural 43, «<
o\ o
illo
Tot. oR. 32
3.S 41
16.073
___ ■'
'' Urban 1492
Rural 14.6 23
OrocovisQ
Tot-. 16,B5
I Rural 13,4 33 qy-Q,
^grranquit-08
' Total )4.9OI/,'--r^ Rural I'
' 0 / *. Cidra 0
(Urban V^ae *
[Rural 12.8&3;
I To t. ia>.36jx'
lUrbaT-T ™ /
oiRurcl37-3a9 /Rura!^15-S22/TOt.
0«) \Manati
/ ■* !)uf ! — •
• cG-U Lu,-- It
Urban 5.853
Rural 22,644
O Caysy
Tbt. a©,797
Yet. 12. SOS’ ,
-, z Urb. j=>, (3>i 1
2,17o"X Rural 27,937 1
7.4 92 \Tot. 47,7 28 1
fean Lorerrzjo \
/urban 4.e>i6 ’
/Rural 18,563 !■
/Tot. 25 479 /
1
nabo
Ar/oyo
°h ' /Vega<^a;o,^\M7^”'B17a^S4
Tot.24.838 ! Toh 2o-4o/veQwtd^!Tot'
< ___/urbon. 2.884/ |______ /'
■Rurcf 9.449^^^ n, 69Q7Boyongn _
&2O37 Urba" ,2-98®
£ural io,49^_Rural 16,538
1fc-u'36x'Tot-a9-524,'SwH,
(Rural 10,209 \ L L o '
1 Q 1
,'Narciryifo /_
/ 2 502 1 fx ! TTbtft Aural 12.172. ’ '« Urban 4.097r£a 0 « t•
^5-=-. I
’’ O?/
Joo ^k -!
°7§ iUrbanl3 048 , ''Urban
. /o / Rural 27.445 Yr'.Rura
7rk©9>iedrasA ■%^\T0t.18.762,TQt.9.576
2.059 / UrU^-Y'
[Rural lo,82G / n" ‘ " '
.■ - 2 302 r\ t
>/Rural 14.219 j '-J
o® 2
"•s £j
c_.oj
.0
I 13.000 / Tofc. 5G,5ZS
gMada | mR<
at. 14.670 iYot. r
, ....Jca /^r’ban \ /-fl
/Tot. >7.oe/Rur31 ?2-^
S^ba&Han"
n z 0 \
/Urban 3c6^'\ Tot. 2S,601 ’Urban 3.04$-
/ Rural H.2>2 X (Rural 24.302
• Anasco I LaresO
O Tat. 14.276 Z -x—< -rob 27- 3IH /
'■x_-—'x /Las Marias^
Urban S7.<3®oNteP°Z0 22 V“'\
Rural zi.ato \Tot. ajk&J-- 'x
MAYAOUEZ/ (g)T ot. 5S 270 \X 7 X"YRru°,’°a,nl 5596012 1I
OMaricao xX
Tot. 6.4 63 V
Urban 'iiSTa-
WeOat 6,940
. _____ .jueros
. X T^>f$.187 \ Rural 10,1312.
» Zp so®
''o rtcyo^ german't -BQj g
r. 2S.TS2. > o".
! uLa/as
A
Urban 4.75»
Rural 33.676
Utuado
'v Urban 27x76
x Rural >5,699
A. Ad/untas
'' \ Tbt. I8.O7S
\ O
i Urban 1.902
[Rural 15,3.50
Ciales O 'Morovis
1 ., . - ~
\ Urban
\Rurol
Vlbt.
i
Alrb. 4.8O8i
'Jayuya J
I / r 1
[Urban 8.607 / 2. 1 '
(Rural 19.100 / Lo । .. , A
. I ~ ° i Urban 53.430
{Tot. 27.787 c' ®', Rural 34.174
0 /Yauco • ponce
O : I Tot. 87. GO4
1.700
18,71 2
00,492
lEo'f °
o to —
,N7 ** 0
[ " © N
H?E . 9
j® 0
. r'U’Ul I1.T7OO / ——
O9s *0'0 <
4 o ! Loixa /Rio Grande/^ban i.
. O *-^A I .KUrQl Co.lKC ✓ ’. <' / .x^loocr. 'T1o4t,e0. 857 .7i 9J_Z------ < >" rd/ar do
x4jrb. 7.302 fx
zT^urol 8.999 .
x''s'& ] Cocinjp
v Rural 17,050 »
1 Juar^2 Diax \
» Tot.19.5’6
< Tofc. 18.125 I \
— >_ ,_____ .--i \
/Urban 1,586 /Urban 2.252\
/Rural 7300 .'Rural 13.124
/TotV 8tess - Salinas
,z5ta. I^jabel;
O
'TJrban
Rural
Yabucoa
%Urb. ZO3S^ Tot 2.I5M4O
’Rur.t2.l43 ------
x ' V a m \Urban 1.117
V Utb. 10.953 \ y7©t.l4.l76 '^jral 7.3&1
\ Rural 12,671 Rati Has 'Tot so 84
Tat. <5.44s /©UAY^^iA I O
! Tot. 23,624
tjttU^ACAO
Isabel
reran 3.101
Rural 7.4 81
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 103
Exhi bit No . 3.
LIST OF SEMI-INDEPENDENT OR SEMI-GOVERNMENTAL BOARDS
AND COMMISSIONS
Administration Board of the Tobacco Institute of Puerto Rico.
Board for the Preservation of Historical Relics.
Board of Dental Examiners.
Board of Examiners of Accountants.
Board of Examiners of Chemists.
Board of Examiners of Cinematograph Machine Operators and Expert Electricians.
Board of Examiners of Engineers, Architects and Surveyors.
Board of Examiners of Master and Journeymen Plumbers.
Board of Examiners of Optometrists.
Board of Examiners of Social Workers.
Board of Management of the Ponce Pier.
Board of Nurse Examiners.
Board of Pharmacy.
Board of Review and Equalization.
Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Library.
Board of Trustees of the University of Puerto Rico.
Board of Veterinary Examiners.
Bureau of Translations.
Civil Service Commission.
Commission for the Prevention of Tuberculosis in Children of School Age.
Financial and Economic Adviser to the Governor.
Historian of Puerto Rico.
Historical Archives of Puerto Rico.
Industrial Commission of Puerto Rico.
Institute of Puerto Rican Literature.
Insular Board of Elections.
Insular Board for Vocational Education.
Insular Board of Health.
Insular Police Commission.
Insular Racing Commission.
Irrigation Commission for the Additional District.
Isabela Public Irrigation Commission.
Manager of the State Fund.
Mediation and Conciliation Commission.
Model Housing Board.
Public Amusements and Sports Commission.
Public Service Commission.-
Puerto Rico Child Welfare Board.
Puerto Rico Lottery.
Retirement Board (Insular Government Employees).
San Juan Harbor Board.
Savings and Loan Fund Association of Insular Government Employees.
Superintendent of Insurance.
Teachers’ Pension Board.
Territorial Charities Board.
Tour Committee of Puerto Rico.
104 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No . 4
BALANCE SHEET
As of June 30, 1936
Assets Current Year Previous Year Difference
Land and Equipment.......................................................... $52, 548, 460.23 $52,330, 352.02 $218,"108.21
Cash ..................................................................................... 10,936,447.56
1,595,468.29
2,445,892.69
6, 636.72
10,936,086.29
9, 261,255.71
1, 327,780.53
1,831,456.54
10,636.72
11,134,303.19
1, 675,191.85
267, 687.76
614,436.15
*4, 000.00
*198, 216.90
Sinking "Funds...........................................................................
Trust Fund Reserves..............................................................
Notes Receivable.......................................................................
Accounts Receivable..............................................................
Other Deferred Assets............................................................
Deferred Debits.........................................................................
534, 370.14
29,237.45
2,859, 969.81
987,034.40
81, 397.08
2,769, 775.73
*452, 664.26
*52,159.63
University of Puerto Rico.................................................... 90,194.08
LIABILITIES
Notes payable.............................................................................
$81, 892, 569.18 $79, 733,991.92 $2,158, 577.26
$542,494.54
3,915,120.38
15,612,155.47
796.88
1, 709, 279.48
27,155, 000.00
*1,122, 700.26
2,762,071.66
2,859,969.81
3, 085, 967.60
25,372,413.62
$642,494.54
4,545,817.95
14,313,850.56
796.88
1,732,929.50
27,480,000.00
*976,081.08
2,547,332.39
2,769, 775.73
3,075,799.70
23,601,275.75
*$100,000.00
*630, 697.57
1,298,304.91
Accounts Payable........................................................... ..........
Trust Fund Liabilities...........................................................
Deferred Liabilities...................................................................
Deferred Credits........................................................................ *23, 650.02
*325,000.00
*146,619.18
214,739.27
90,194.08
10,167.90
1, 771,137.87
Bonded Indebtedness..............................................................
Surplus, Isabela Irrigation Service....................................
Surplus Hydroelectric Projects...........................................
Trustees, University of Puerto Rico...............................
Surplus, Guayama Irrigation Service...........................
The People of Puerto Rico..................................................
$81, 892, 569.18 $79, 733, 991.92 $2,158, 577.26
_____
Note:—Numbers indicated with asterisk (*) represent red figures.
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 105
Exhibit No . 5
STATEMENT OF LIQUIDATION OF THE GENERAL FUND OPERATIONS, FISCAL
YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1936
RESOURCES
Cash balance, July 1, 1935....................................................
Revenue Receipts:
Collections made during Fiscal Year..............
Non-Revenue Receipts:
Part Proceeds of Gasoline Tax credited to the
General Fund, (See contra).....................................
Refund from previous year’s Loan to Trust Fund....
Surplus, Special Insurance Fund, credited to
General Fund.............................................................
Total, Non-Revenue Receipts........................
Total, Income Receivable during the year
Total Resources available for liquidation
of appropriation liabilities.........................
$788, 692.53
$12,717, 167.98
$400, 000.00
51, 000.00
21, 980.00
472,980.00
13,190,147.98
$13,978, 840.51
LIABILITIES
Carried over appropriation balances from previous
year:
Fiscal Year 1934-35...........................................................
No-Fiscal Year...................................................................
$375, 694.27
307,985.48 $683, 679.75
Appropriations set up during fiscal year 1935-36:
Self-renewing appropriations................................
Budgetary appropriations, 1935-36............................
Appropriations for temporary loans (refundable)
Indefinite appropriations...............................................
Other appropriations....................... $1,342,587.33
Appropriation set up to refund
the. Gasoline fund part of the
$400,000.00-credited to the General
Fund per Act No. 123 of 1936 166, 689.10
$159,863.43
11,059,608.34
206, 661.60
333, 095.73
1, 509, 276.43
Total appropriations set up
Total appropriation liabilities.
Bess: Surplus Fund Warrants: (Cancellations)
Appropriations 1934-35...................................
Appropriations Self-renewing..............................
Appropriations 1935-36............................................
Appropriations No-Fiscal Year..........................
Appropriations, Indefinite....................................
Total cancellations
Total net appropriations in force during
fiscal year 1935-36.......................................
Excess of resources over appropriation liabilities
13, 268, 505.53
$13, 952,185.28
$745.67
8,000.00
152, 000.00
32, 992.34
90,053.26
283,791.27
$13, 668,394.01
$310, 446.50
Add other resources reimbursable to General Fund:
Advances to Isabela Irrigation Fund, per Section 39 of Act No. 96
of 1931...............................................................................................................
Advance, Homestead Trust Fund, per Section 8 of Act No. 4
of the Second Special Session of 1931...............................................
Advance to Municipality of Lares for the redemption of its
Public Debt at maturity........................................................................
Total advances made during the year reimbursable to the
General Fund? when repaid....................................................
Surplus of cash and other resources over liabilities of the
General Fund as of June 30, 1936, to be transferred to
the Insular Emergency Fund created under provisions
of Act No. 33 of 1932.................................................................
$191,093.75
13,482.50
2,085.35
206,661.60
$517,108.10
106 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhibit No . 6
STATUS OF THE INSULAR EMERGENCY FUND CREATED UNDER
OF ACT No. 33 OF 1932, AS OF JUNE 30, 1936
Balance, July 1, 1935................................................................................................
Reimbursements and other receivable credited to the fund since
July 1, 1935:
Reimbursement from Loan made to Fruit Growers Cooperative
Association....................................................................................................
Surplus from Operations of Fiscal Year 1934-35..................................
Refunds from advances made from the General Fund...................
Reimbursements, various municipalities:
Part payment on account of previous loans made to them
from the General Fund..................................................................
Part payment on account of previous loans made to them
from the Insular Emergency Fund...........................................
Part payment on account of advances made to them to secure
municipal deposits with Banco Territorial y Agricola.........
Total cash credited to the fund since July 1, 1935
Total cash including balance
Disbursem ents :
To aid in the operation and maintenance of the electric plant of
the Island of Culebra...............................................................................
To aid in the transportation of fresh water to the Island of Culebra
To combat the influenza and typhus......................................................
To pay extraordinary expenses of the National Guard of P. R..
To aid the Municipality of San Lorenzo in the purchase of lands
for construction of houses for laborers..............................................
To aid municipalities in the payment of their public debts
(Reimbursable)..........................................................................................
To aid the Insular Police in the purchase of arms and ammunition
Total Disbursements
Cas h Balance as of June 30, 1936
add :
Accrue d Res ources : (Emergency Fund Loans)
Due from Bureau of Supplies.............................. $200,000.00
Due from Cafeteros de Puerto Rico................. 100,000.00
Due from Fruit Growers Association............... 43,250.00
Due from various municipalities:
On advances for their public debts.......... 67,041.01
On advances to secure municipal deposit,
Banco Territorial y Agricola................. 17,165.77
Gene ral Fund Loans :
Due from Isabela Irrigation Fund............................ $863, 912.73
Due from various municipalities................................ 24, 609.67
Due from Redemption Funds...................................... 238,500.00
Due from Homestead Trust Fund............................ 47,765.60
Due from Santa Isabel-Coamo Springs Road.... 3,000.00
Due from Municipality of Ponce................................ 50,000.00
Due from State Insurance Fund................................ 22,500.00
Repayments, 1931-32, Jo. Vo 1250, March 1933.. 252.55
$6, 750.00
227,150.60
12, 000.00
6, 656.41
2,450.00
1,169.41
256, 176.42'
$440, 577.58
$450.00
1, 859.60
40,000.00
22,644.52
1,400.00
13,850.00
21,938.36
102,142.48
$338,435.10’
$427, 456.78
1, 250,540.55
Total Accrued Resources to be credited to the fund..................................
Cash Balance and Accruals , Ins . Emergency
Fund as of June 30, 1936............................................
PROVISIONS
$184, 401.16
1, 67 7,997.38
$2, 016,432.43-
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 107
Exhibi t No. 7
CONSOLIDATED CASH STATEMENT FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1936
Balance on hand July 1, 1935.............................................
REVENUE RECEIPTS:
General Funds :
Customs........................................ $1, 639,943.92
U. S. Internal Revenue................. 476,523.82
Internal Revenues............................ 10,200,101.28
Miscellaneous...................................... 400,598.96
Total Revenue Receipts... $12,717,167.98
Non -Rev en ue Recei pt s :
Surplus, Special Insurance Fund,
per Section 61 of Act No. 12 of
1929.................................................. 21,980.00
From Municipalities for Bond
Redem ption................................. 8, 500.00
Total Receipts........................................................
Repay ments to General Funds :
To appropriations 1935-36..... $218,555.21
To appropriations 1934-35............ 21,807.14
To No-Fiscal Year appropriations 1, 580, 284.08
To Indefinite appropriations....... 53.26
Total Repayments..................................
Total Receipts into General Funds
Transfers from Trust Funds.................................
General Funds Trust Funds
$788,692.53 $5, 552,810.81
$12, 747, 647.98
1, 820,699.69
.....$..1..4..,. .5..6..8..,. .3..4..7....67
1,077,300.00
Trust Funds..............................................................
Transfers from General Funds.........................
Total Funds to be accounted for
DISBURSEMENTS:
$16,434,340.20
20, 902, 356.24
1,015, 344.04
$27,470,511.09
From Gene ral Funds :
Against appropriations 1935-36...
Against appropriations 1934-35...
Against No-Fiscal-Year approp.
Against Indefinite appropriations
$11,447,567.13
333, 380.30
1, 841,483.74
223,350.90
Total...........................................................................
Redemption of Municipal Bonds......................................
Transfers to Trust Funds.....................................................
$13, 845, 782.07
8,500.00
1, 015, 344.04
Total disbursements and transfers, Insular
Revenues.......................................................
From Trus t Funds :
Disbursements............................................................
Transfers to General Funds.........................................
$19,136,485.21
1,077, 300.00
14, 869,626.11
Total disbursements and transfers, Trust
Funds................................................................. 20,213, 785.21
Balance at June 30, 1936 $1, 564,714.09 $7, 256,725.88
108 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhibit No . 8
STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND NET DISBURSEMENTS FISCAL YEAR ENDING
JUNE 30, 1936
Fiscal Year
1935-36
Cash Balanc e , July 1, 1935................................................. ............................. $788,692.53
Revenues :
Customs...................................................................................
Internal....................................................................................
U. S. Internal.......................................................................
Miscellaneous....................................................................... .
$1,639,943.92
10,200,101.28
476, 523.82
400, 598.96
Total Revenues Receipts...................................... $12,717,167.98
Non -Reve nue Receip ts :
Surplus, Special Insurance Fund per Section 61 of Act 12 of 1929.
Municipal and School Board Bonds Redeemed..................................
21, 980.00
8, 500.00
Transfers from Trust Funds:
To Construction, Maintenance and Repair
of Insular Roads and Bridges.........................
Repayment, Homestead Agricultural Farms.
Repayment, Government of the Capital........
Repayment, Redemption Funds........................
Surplus, Gasoline Tax..............................................
$535,000.00
1, 300.00
40,000.00
101,000.00
400,000.00 1, 077,300.00
Total Receip ts ....................................... ............................ 13, 824,947.98
Net Dis burs ement s :
Fiscal Year 1935-36..............................................................
Less Repayments.................................................................
$14,613, 640.51
$11,447,567.13
218, 555.21 $11, 229, 011.92
Fiscal Year 1934-35..............................................................
Less Repayments.................................................................
$333, 380.30
21,807.14 311, 573.16
No-Fiscal Year......................................................................
Less Repayments.........,......................................................
$1, 841, 483.74
1,580, 284.08 261,199.66
Appropriations Indefinite.................................................
Less Repayments.................................................................
$223, 350.90
53.26 223,297.64
Total Net Expe ndi ture s ................... ............................ $12, 025,082.38
Other Trans actions :
Transfers to Trust Funds................................................
Municipal and School Board Bonds Redeemed..
$1,015,344.04
8,500.00 1, 023,844.04
Cas h Bala nce , June 30, 1936................................................ ............................ 1, 564, 714.09
Total ............................ ................................ $14,613,640.51
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 109
STATEMENT OF CASH RECEIPTS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1936
Exhib it No . 9
Cash Balance as of July 1, 1935........................................
Insular
Revenue
Trust
Fund Total
$788,692.53 $5, 552,810.81 $6,341, 503.34
$476,523.82
1,639,943.92
7,476,501.85
386,606.50
1,464.89
2,185,891.99
149,636.05
143,258.21
25,720.74
45,219.55
133.07
9,611.81
10,126.21
1,611.06
$476, 523.82
1,639,943.92
11,311,463.17
386, 606.50
1,464.89
2,185,891.99
149,636.05
143, 258.21
96,225.27
99, 713.42
78, 660.20
9,611.81
10,126.21
1,611.06
50,000.00
318, 337.63
159,156.54
318,283.99
311,174.75
15,893,814.79
8, 500.00
1,554, 757.30
265,942.39
2,092,644.04
Excise and Property Taxes for Municipalities...........
Property Taxes, Insular Proportion.................................
Property Taxes, Proportion of the University Tax....
$3,834,961.32
Telegraph and Telephone Receipts..................................
Court Fees and Fines.............................................................
Harbor and Dock Fees..........................................................
T ntoFP.st .........................................................................
70,504.53
54,493.87
78,527.13
United States Government (Morrill-Hatch Act)....
Insular Bond Redemption Tax, Sinking Fund.........
Special Insular Tax for the Redemption of Bonds,
Sinking ........................................
50,000.00
318, 337.63
159,156.54
318,283.99
311,174.75
15,706,916.48
Special Additional Insular Tax for the Redemption
Additional Tax for Insular Loans, Sinking Fund...
Misppllanpous ........................................................................ 186,898.31
8, 500.00
1, 554,757.30
265,942.39
1,077,300.00
Repayments:
Bureau of Supplies, Printing, & Transportation.. ..............................
Transfers........................................................................................ 1,015,344.04
Insular Government Receipts.............................................
Totals..........................................................................
$15,645,647.67 $21,917,700.28 $37,563, 347.95
$16,434, 340.20 $27, 470,511.09 $43, 904,851.29
no THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhi bi t No . 10
DISBURSEMENTS
Description Insular
Revenue
Trust
Funds
Total
Appropriations:
1934-35............................................ $333, 380.30
11,447,567.13
1, 841, 483.74
223, 350.90
8, 500.00
1,015,344.04
$333,380.30
11,447, 567.13
1,841, 483.74
223, 350.90
8, 500.00
2,092,644.04
479, 514.87
149, 760.57
2,676,135.32
7,482.56
365,709.56
234, 527.80
152,907.09
294,408.84
539,186.20
222, 269.78
51, 228.10
581,601.79
361, 682.16
34.23
58,287.50
129, 947.29
33.57
2,794.68
814,197.98
48, 362.87
320.00
14,400.00
39,116.80
66.00
51.33
220,933.02
17,894.63
62, 576.60
342.71
885, 806.08
257,462.58
120.22
36,200.90
20, 823.17
11,004.45
728,058.57
19.16
54, 789.18
26, 779.24
15,472.82
20,670.04
204.84
73, 394.08
3, 649.75
19, 695.78
26,051.47
7, 790.69
53, 782.35
220,149.57
1935-36........................................
No-Fiscal Year......................................
Indefinite......................................
Municipal & School Boards Bonds Redeemed..........
Transfers......................................... $1,077,300.00
479, 514.87
149, 760.57
2,676,135.32
7,482.56
365,709.56
234,527.80
152, 907.09
294,408.84
539,186.20
222, 269.78
51,228.10
581, 601.79
361, 682.16
34.23
58,287.50
129,947.29
33.57
2,794.68
814,197.98
48, 362.87
320.00
14, 400.00
39,116.80
66.00
51.33
220,933.02
17,894.63
62, 576.60
342.71
885, 806.08
257,462.58
120.22
36,200.90
20, 823.17
11, 004.45
728,058.57
19.16
54,789.18
26, 779.24
15,472.82
20, 670.04
204.84
73, 394.08
3,649.75
19,695.78
26, 051.47
7,790.69
53, 782.35
220, 149.57
Municipal Bond Redemption Tax...................................
Special Municipal Bond Redemption Tax..................
Municipal Property Tax.......................
Special Municipal Property Tax..........
School Tax Account..............................
Insular Bond Redemption Tax.........
Special Ins. Tax for the Redemption of Bonds.........
Special Addit. Ins. Tax for the Redemption of Bonds
Special Tax for Municipal Loans.........................
..............................
Special Additional Tax for Municipal Loans.............
Extra Tax for Municipal Loan........ ..............................
Irrigation Funds, Guayama:
Maintenance and Operation...
Isabela Irrigation Fund.....................
Workmen’s Relief Trust Fund....
Insular Police Pension Retirement Fund.....................
Teachers’ Pension Fund................... ..............................
General Income of the Ins. Expt. Station...................
Outstanding Liabilities............ ..............................
University Fund.............................
University Agricultural Fund........
Cash Bond Deposits.......................
San Juan Harbor Fund. , . .
Wharf and Harbor Fund...............
Unclaimed Wages.....................
Franchise Deposits.........
Special Deposits..............................
Extension, Maintenance and Operation, Insular
Telegraph Bureau.................................
Homestead Trust Fund..
Sanitation Fund............................
Savings and Loan Fund.................
Pension Fund of Employees of the Ins. Government.
Special Funds, General.... ..............................
Special Funds for Roads...............
School Lunch Rooms..............
Munoz Rivera Park....
Special Fund for Development and Use of the Water
Power of Puerto Rico......
Public Improvement Bonds Fund...................................
Insular Racing Commission Fund...................................
Ponce Pier.........................
Special Fund Ten Per Cent Retention Fund............
Division of Free Studies........... ..............................
Special Addit. Mun. Property Tax, Caguas...............
Special Insurance Fund......... ..............................
Special Fund of Non-Insured Employees....................
Fd. for the Prophylaxis of Tuber, in Children.........
Fd. for the Protection of Pto. Rican Tobacco...........
Industrial Commission Fund..
..............................
Extra Additional Tax for Municipal Loan..................
Additional Tax for Insular Loan.......................... ..............................
Pay Patients’ Fees, Insane Asylum...
Insane Asylum Bakery.. . 17,024.99
108,294.52
21,111.11
30.00
10, 273 29
96,407.32
8, 500.00
41, 333 47
6, 380.21
1,198.88
17,256.17
8, 700.42
20, 623.66
30,965.88
3,641.84
72,527.35
12,287.92
17, 024.99
108, 294.52
21,111.11
30.00
10,273.29
96, 407.32
8, 500.00
41, 333.47
6, 380.21
1,198.88
17, 256.17
8, 700.42
20, 623.66
30,965.88
3,641.84
72,527.35
12,287.92
Teachers’ Pension Loan Fund..
Fund for the Prevention of Tuberculosis in Children
of School Age............
Fund for Loans to Cafeteros de Puerto Rico.............
San Juan Filtration Plant Loan Redemption Fund.
Federal Vocational Funds.
..............................
Redemption of Municipal Roads........
Cash Deposits to cover Bids and Contracts...............
Coffee Insurance and Rehabilitation Fund.................
Const., Maint. & Vigilance, Munoz Rivera Park &
Athletic Field.............
..............................
Special Fund for the General Plan of Municipal Roads
Insular Racing Fund, Charitable Institutions............
Insular Racing Fund, School Lunchrooms..................
Municipal Health Units..
..............................
Const, of Santurce-Rfo Piedras and San Antonio-
Miramar-La Marina Roads...........
Temporary Municipal Bond Redemption Fund.......
Cafeteros de Puerto Rico Special Fund........................
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 111
Exhibit No . 10—Continued
DISBURSEMENTS
Description
Special Insolvency Fund......................................................
Department of Agriculture & Commerce, Warehouse
Operation Fund................................................................
Forest Fund................................................................................
Improvement of the Sewerage System and Landscaping
for the San Juan Gate & Surroundings...
Remittance.of Taxes, Coffee Plantations......................
Public Amusements and Sports Fund...........................
Teachers’ Pension Fund for Mortgage Loans............
Special Redemption Fund for Water System Improvements
Bds. of the Capital of Pto. Rico...
Deferred Taxes Paid...............................................................
Special University Fund.......................................................
.School Building Fund............................................................
Workmen’s Relief Fund Per Act 85 of 1928................
Fd. for the Promotion of Cooperative Assoc..............
Gen. Rec. of the Dept, of Agric. & Commerce........
Fund for the Control of Tub. in Puerto Rico...........
Operating Fund of the Pto. Rico Lottery...................
To Assist Mun. of the 2nd and 3rd Classes...............
Maint. of Patients in Antituberculosis Hospitals at
Rio Piedras, Ponce, Mayaguez and Guayama..
Maint. of an X-Ray and Pneumothorax Circulating
Clinic, Salaries of a Physician, Technical Personnel
and Plates.....................................................................
Maint. of Diagnosis and Tuberculosis Treatment
Centres Including Salaries of Physicians, Office
Personnel, X-Ray Technicians, Janitors and Purchase
of Equipment for these Centres.......................
To Complete Hospital Equipments................................
Antituberculosis Campaign, Instructive Material
Including Pamphlets and Show Films..................
State Insurance Fund............................................................
.Special Tax for Public Improvements at San Juan.
Taxes Paid Under Protest..................................................
Puerto Rico Child Feeding Committee........................
Pay Patients’ Fees, University Hospital......................
Receipts, Second Unit Farms............................................
Sanatorium Race Fund.........................................................
Improvements, Munoz Rivera Park...............................
Munoz Rivera Park Lighting, 1934-35...........................
Deposit Fund, Reclaimed Lands......................................
Park Commission Fund........................................................
Gasoline Fund...........................................................................
■Special Fund for the Construction, Repair and Maintenance
of Municipal Roads.......................................
Consolidation Bonds Fund of 1935..................................
Accrued Interest and Premium on Consolidation
Bonds of 1935.....................................................................
Extraordinary Expenses of the National Guard of
Puerto Rico................................................................
Fund for the Purchase of Additional Arms and Ammunitions.....................................................................
Special Additional Tax for Public Improvements,
San Juan......................................................................
Redemption Fund for Waterworks Bonds of Corozal.
Redemption Fund for the Waterworks and Sewerage
Bonds of Mayaguez........................................................
Self-Insurers Cash Bond Deposits....................................
Income Tax Cash Bond Deposits....................................
Advance of Taxes Redemption Fund, Capital of
Puerto Rico Municipal Funds...................................
Advance of Taxes Redemption Fund, Capital of
Puertj Ric , School Funds.................................
Advance of Taxes Redemption Fund, Capital of
Puerto Rico, Special School Tax..............................
Principal of Capital, Consolidation Bonds..................
Interest on Capital, Consolidation Bonds....................
Temporary Loan for Redemp. of Mun. Debts..........
^Reclaimed Lands Urbanization Fund............................
Puerto Rican Hurricane Relief..........................................
Model Housing Fund.............................................................
Miscellaneous..............................................................................
Insul ar Gover nme nt Dis burs em ent s
Incl udi ng Trans fe rs ....................................
Balance as of June 30, 1936................................
Grand Tota l ............................................................
Insular
Revenue
Trust
Funds
Total
$676.49 $676 49
13,477.16 13,477 16
6, 370.46 6, 370 46
59.11 59 11
65,622.55 65 622 55
49, 224.32 49 224 32
135' 653.88 135’ 653 88
123, 900.00 123, 900 00
592, 350.45 592, 350 45
3,305.11 3, 305 11
L 416.33 1, 416 33
175^ 352.08 175 352 08
48, 385.02 48^ 385 02
20j875.44 20 875 44
' 180.32 180 32
1,054, 680.47 1, 054, 680 47
181,414.37 181,414 37
208, 575.72 208, 575 72
9,965.18 9,965 18
56, 644.13 56, 644 13
33i 131.18 33,131 18
3, 768.33 3, 768 33
989,181.57 989,181.57
31, 057.19 31,057.19
27,992.75 27' 992.75
581.81 '581.81
9, 890.11 9,890 11
592.19 592.19
4,431.80 4, 431.80
22.80 22.80
119.94 119.94
150, 000.00 150, 000.00
34,098.20 34', 098.20
133, 861.14 133, 861.14
376, 597.98 376, 597.98
3, 778,000.00 3, 778'000.00
15, 688.15 15, 688.15
21, 767.34 21, 767.34
21, 938.36 21, 938.36
8,824.07 8, 824.07
760.00 760.00
6, 820.00 6, 820.00
10, 350.17 10, 350.17
68, 501.10 68. 501.10
25,077.72 25,077.72
14,000.00 14,000.00
18, 000.00 18, 000.00
23,000.00 23, 000.00
7; 876.11 7,876.11
13, 850.00 13,850.00
416.60 ' 416.60
3.05 3.05
5,624.36 5,624.36
88,276.78 88,276.78
$14, 869,616.11 $20,213, 785.21 $35,083,411.32
1, 564,714.09 7, 256,725.88 8,821,439.97
$16,434,340.20 $27,470, 511.09 $43,904,851.29
112 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No. 11
DEBT-INCURRING CAPACITY OF THE INSULAR GOVERNMENT
As of June 30, 1935
Total public indebtedness which can be incurred (10% of assessed
valuation).................................................................................................
Insul ar Bond s Outs tand in g :
Homestead Bonds of 1932.......................................................................
Hydroelectric Projects Bonds.......................................................................
Workmen’s Relief Bonds of 1930.................................................................
Floating Debt and Deficiency Bonds.......................................................
Guayama Irrigation Bonds............................................................................
Road Bonds..........................................................................................................
Public Improvements Bonds........................................................................
Workingmen House Construction Bonds...............................................
San Juan Harbor Bonds.................................................................................
Isabela Irrigation Bonds.................................................................................
Isabela Irrigation Refunding Bonds.of 1936..........................................
Refunding Bonds................................................................................................
Consolidation Bonds of 1935.........................................................................
Tem pora ry Loan s :
Eastern Sugar Corporation............................................. $6,000.00
Banco de Ponce.................................................................. 200,000.00
Credito y Ahorro Ponceno............................................. 4,000.00
Central States Life Ins. Co........................................... 6,000.00
Banco de Puerto Rico..................................................... 38,494.54
Reconstruction Finance Corporation......................... 288,000.00
Loans contracted by municipalities and chargeable against Insular
Government borrowing capacity.............................................
Less :
Refunding Bonds secured by equal amount of
municipal and school bonds..................................
Sinking Funds:
For Roads, Pub. Improvements
$250,000.00
$29,448,125.00
and Homestead Bonds............ $882,921.86
For San Juan Harbor Bonds... 156,669.92
For Floating Debt and Deficiency
Bonds............................... 409,876.51
For Hydroelectric Projects
Bonds.......................................•.. 200, 000.00 1, 595,468.29
Isabela Irrigation Ref. Bonds of 1936, per Act of
Congress (Public No. 236 app. Aug. 3, 1935).. 75, 000.00
$337,000.00
1, 000,000.00
350,000.00
1,600,000.00
2,895,000.00
4,000,000.00
8,000,000.00
500,000.00
380,000.00
4,050,000.00
75,000.00
250,000.00
3,778,000.00
$27,155,000.00
542,494.54
1, 057, 752.05
$28, 755, 246.59
1, 920, 468.29 26, 834, 778.30
Net available margin $2, 613,347.30
STATEMENT OF BONDS AUTHORIZED BUT NOT ISSUED
As of June 30, 1938
1 Lands for Agricultural Farms................................................................ $500,000.00
Less issued........................................................................................................... 337, 000.00 $163,000.00
1,800,000.00
500,000.00
1, 800, 000.00
6,000,000.00
$10, 263,000.00
(Act No. 9 of 1930 as amended by Act No. 41 of 1931 as further
amended by Act No. 4, Spec. Session of 1931 and Act No. 42
of 1933.)
2. To continue to completion the Development of the Water Resources
of the Island...................................................................................
(Act No. 41 of August 6, 1935.)
3. To organize public hospitals charities in Puerto Rico.......................
(Act No. 29 of July 20, 1935.)
4. For the Construction, Operation and Maintenance of a Graving
Dock and necessary appurtenances at San Juan, etc..........
(Per Act No. 29 approved April 18, 1936.)
5. For the Construction of Insular and Municipal Roads & Bridges
including the asphalting of the former, etc...............................
.........................
(Per Act No. 123 approved May 15, 1936.)
Total authorized but not issued.................................................
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 113
Exhibit No . 12
STATEMENT OF THE DEBT-INCURRING POWER OF THE MUNICIPALITIES
___________________________ OF PUERTO RICO AS OF JUNE 30, 1936
Capacity Authorized by law:
Municipality of San Juan, 10$ of......................
Municipality of Ponce, 10$ of.....................................
All other municipalities, 5$ of....................................
Total assessed property valuation................
Total debt-incurring power of all municipalities............................
Assessment as
of April 1, 1936
$59, 596, 719.00
22, 570, 746.00
209, 607, 232.00
$291, 774, 697.00
$5,959,671.90
2,257,074.60
10, 480, 361.60
$18, 697,108.10
Outstanding Indebtedness:
Unaccrued payables^
Bonds outstanding....................................................
Local loans...................................................................
Advances of Taxes.................................................
Loans with Insular Government.......................
Other indebtedness...................................................
Accrued principals payable—
Bond redemption fund deficiencies due the
Treasurer of Puerto Rico...................................
Local loans...................................................................
Advances of Taxes....................................................
Loans with Insular Government.......................
Other Indebtedness..................................................
$14, 868,600.00
569, 905.24
262,000.00
325,200.00
103,470.29
$91,650.68
72,817.16
96,000.00
25, 525.00
4,675.24
$16,129, 175.53
290,668.08
Total outstanding indebtedness.. $16,419,843.61
2,328, 847.68
Less redemption funds:
For bonds.....................................................................
For local loans............................................................
For loans with Insular Government...............
For advances of taxes.............................................
For other indebtedness..........................................
$1, 879,709.35
17, 745.98
1,000.00
358,000.00
72,392.35
Net outstanding indebtedness as of June 30, 1936. 14,090,995.93
Difference.............................. $4,606, 112.17.
Less loans and debts authorized to be contracted:
Local Loans................. $212,405.20
9,419.71
$5,151, 655.86
767,368.60
Indebtedness................................. 221,824.91'
Difference:
48 municipalities have available margin amounting
to....................................
28 municipalities show excesses of indebtedness
over the present 5$ limitation amounting to.. .............................. $4, 384, 287.26:
114 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
CLASSIFICATION BY MUNICIPALITIES
28 Municipalities, because of indebtedness incurred
prior to latest amendment to Organic
Act have exceeded the 5$ limitation as follows:
48 Municipalities have available margin as
follows:
Adjuntas................................................
Aguadilla...............................................
Anasco....................................................
Barceloneta............ _...........................
Bayamon & Catano........................
Camuy...................................................
Carolina.................................................
Cayey.....................................................
Ceiba.......................................................
Ciales......................................................
Cidra.......................................................
Hatillo....................................................
Isabela....................................................
Jayuya....................................................
Lares.......................................................
Las Marfas...........................................
Luquillo.................................................
Maunabo...............................................
Moca.......................................................
Morovis..................................................
Quebradillas...................................
Rio Grande..........................................
Sabana Grande..................................
.San Sebastian......................................
Toa Alta................................................
Trujillo Alto........................................
'Yauco......................................................
$41,030.44
28,450.59
57,305.71
63,488.49
37, 721.94
30, 668.88
26,089 05
30,548.04
838.70
90, 388.06
5,558.35
2, 179.42
12,526.12
8,997.77
92, 308.89
27,463.33
19,548.04
6,218.52
8, 832.85
27,689.38
22,976.47
12, 724.46
10, 198.39
52, 263.24
6,969.29
3, 531.05
40,853.13
Aguada...................................................
Aguas Buenas.....................................
Aibonito................................................
Arecibo...................................................
Arroyo....................................................
Barranquitas........................................
Cabo Rojo............................................
Caguas....................................................
Coamo....................................................
Comerio.................................................
Corozal...................................................
Dorado...................................................
Fajardo..................................................
Guanica.................................................
Guayama.................................. . ..........
Guayanilla............................................
Guaynabo.............................................
Gurabo...................................................
Hormigueros........................................
Humacao...............................................
Juana Diaz...........................................
Juncos.....................................................
Lajas.......................................................
Las Piedras..........................................
Loiza.......................................................
Manati...................................................
Maricao..................................................
Mayagiiez............................................
Naguabo.................................... ............
Naranjito...............................................
Orocovis.................................................
Patillas...................................................
Penuelas................................................
PONCE................................................
Rincon....................................................
Rio Piedras..........................................
Salinas....................................................
San German........................................
SAN JUAN........................................
San Lorenzo........................................
Santa Isabel.........................................
Toa Baja...............................................
Utuado...................................................
Vega Alta.............................................
Vega Baja.............................................
Vieques............................................ ..
Villalba..................................................
Yabucoa................................................
$56,601.24
2,997.40
6, 357.84
431, 190.62
92,342.75
11, 754.39
31,102.92
301,555.96
12, 908.96
28, 053.72
39, 696.31
67, 156.36
6 373.96
316, 876.60
156,190.29
65, 021.74
5, 445.64
8, 242.57
72, 361.00
100, 590.68
31,599.15
145, 119.10
32, 150.11
6, 787.94
96,960.55
71,512.28
19,169.25
61,886.60
108,084.74
18, 994.56
39, 202.88
7, 384.61
64,226.00
506. 171.23
25,016.00
558,795.30
228,613.03
65,033.32
737,032.67
12, 849.02
177,015.79
14,538.44
74, 266.33
73, 286 99
65,193.82
44,263.51
3, 601.91
44, 175.78
Tota l ........................................... w $767,368.60
Dif f ere nce ............................. 4,384,287.26
it-
Total ......................................... $5,151,655.86
$5, 151,655.86
$5,151,655.86
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 115
Exhi bi t No. 13
CONSOLIDATED COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
OF ALL MUNICIPALITIES FOR FISCAL YEARS 1931-35 AND 1935-36
RECEIPTS
1934-35 1935-36 Decrease Increase
Property Taxes......................................................... $4,215,978.46
336,592.20
1,006, 515.76
258,821.93
82, 760.11
29,874.77
7,456.34
$4,107,475.91
313,050.02
967,212.49
255,819.03
84, 370.61
13, 757.71
221,261.86
$108, 502.55
23, 542.18
39,303.27
3,002.90
Other taxes.................................................................
Operation of public utilities...............................
Use of municipal property..................................
Other receipts............................................................ $1,610.50
213,805.52
Incidental and miscellaneous receipts............
Lottery of Puerto Rico........................................
Total..................................................................
16, 117.06
$5,937,999.57 $5,962,947.63 $190,467.96 $215,416.02
EXPENDITURES
1934-35 1935-36 Decrease Increase
General Government..............................................
Public Order and Security.................................
Highways and Plazas............................................
Sanitation....................................................................
Charity.........................................................................
Correction....................................................................
Education....................................................................
Construction and permanent improvements.
Loan indebtedness:
Ordinary Funds...............................................
School Funds....................................................
Special Taxes.....................................................
Special Fund for Electric Service............
Total..................................................................
$1,583,786.24
73, 762.86
297,236.26
374,540.55
841,529.56
80, 652.19
776,873.80
19, 728.33
435,692.96
87,834.67
1,364,362.15
1,900.00
$1,437,214.48
72,028.85
290,975.-8
363, 322.06
890,547.88
84,837.04
779,009.28
22,237.40
622,149.17
68, 540.49
1,332,083.68
$146,571.76
1, 734.01
6,260.38
11,218.49
19,294.18
32, 278.47
1,900.00
$49,018 32
4,184.85
2, 135.48
2,509.07
186,456.21
$5,937,899.57 $5, 962,946.21 $219,257.29 $244, 303.93
RECAPITULATION
Ordinary Funds....................................................... $3,604,991.27
896, 543.67
1,364, 362.15
59,294.25
5, 251.89
7,456.34
$3,471,824.65
876,725.30
1, 332, 083.68
57,660.75
3,380.97
221, 261.86
$133,166.62
19,818.37
32,278.47
1, 624.50
1,870.92
School Funds............................................................
Special Taxes.............................................................
Special School Tax..................................................
Trust Fund (Municipal Charity)...................
Lottery of Puerto Rico. .....................................
Total..................................................................
$213, 805.52
$5,937,899.57 $5,962,946.21 $188, 758.88 $213,805.52
116 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhibit No . 14
INSULAR OPERATING REVENUE FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1936
Amount Per Cent
Excise Taxes.............................................
Income Taxes...........................................
Customs......................................................
U. S. Interna] Revenue......................
Property Taxes........................................
Inheritance Taxes..................................
Telegraph and Telephone Receipts
Registration of Documents................
6$ Sanitation.............................................
Miscellaneous...........................................
$7, 306, 920.72
2,113, 375.83
1, 639, 943.92
476, 523.82
266, 451.63
149,642.85
148, 025.05
134, 250.51
123,498.91
243,233.93
57.98
16.77
13.01
3.78
2.11
1.19
1.18
1.07
.98
1.93
$12,601, 867.17 100.00
Detail of Miscellaneous:
Property Taxes, Assessed....................................................
Miscellaneous Incidental Income..............................................
Harbor and Dock Fees.................................................................
Fees and Fines, Insular Courts................................................
Miscellaneous Fees..........................................................................
Rent of Government Property..................................................
Royalties on Franchises................................................................
Foreign Corporation License Fees...........................................
Interest on Loans to Municipalities and School Boards
Canons on Mines.............................................................................
Interest on Bank Balances..........................................................
$87,784.02
46,425.25
45, 225.18
25, 272.58
12,863.00
11,214.58
7,715.49
4,250.00
1,339.37
792.86
351.60
.70
*.37
.36
.20
.10
.09
.06
.03
.01
01
$243, 233.93 1.93
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 117
Exhib it No . 15
LIQUIDATION OF FINANCIAL PROGRAM FOR FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Used for:
Amount Per Cent
Insular Government Disbursements.................................................................
Carry over appropriation liabilities to fiscal year 1936-37...
$12,025,082.38
1,254, 267.59
87.16
9.09
Excess of cash resources over appropriation liabilities... $310,446 50 2.25
Other resources reimbursable to General Funds............... 206,661.60 ...................1.....5..0.....
Excess of resources over appropriation liabilities..................................
Total............................................................................................................
517,108.10 ......................
$13, 796, 458.07 103.00
Debit of Disbursements:
Legislative......................................................................................................................
Judicial..................................................................
$551, 712.42
738, 712.87
3.99
5.36
Department of Education......................................................................................
Department of Health...................................
4,093,495.19
1,468, 625.04
23.67
10.65
Department of the Interior................................................................................... 1,109,289.81 8.04 Department of Finance...........................................................................................
Department of Agriculture & Commerce.....................................................
874, 903.02
263, 148.79
6.34
1.91
Office of the Attorney General............................................................................
Insular Police...................
409,673.57
944, 796.85
2.97
6.85
General Miscellaneous..............................................................................................
Others.................................................................. ............................................................
761,645.12 5.52
809, 079.70 5.86
Total................................................................ $12,025, 082.38 87.16
----------------- .------
Exhi bit No. 16
STATEMENT SHOWING THE AMOUNT OE PROPERTY TAXES PENDING ON JUNE 30, 1936, AND REASONS WHY THEY ARE PENDING
Municipalities Previous
years
1929-30 1930-31 1931-32 1932-33 1933-34 1934-35 Deferred Total 1935-36 Grand
Total
Pending
judicial
action
In Attachment
Deferred Uncollectible
In Claim
Adjuntas............ $1,419.95 $3,856.33 $4, 072.68 $3, 580.78 $4, 920.12 $4,198.40 $12,383.83 $58,049.71 $92,481.80 $20,530.08 $113,011.88 $54,704.51 $58,049.71 $257.66
Aguada..............
Aguadilla..........
5.76
37.88
150.95
843.48
146.20
1,147.12
84.48
845.69
133.32
1,274.42
122.54
1,294.99
738.43
3,138.08
3, 744.01
16,417.70
5,125.69
24,999.36
1,701.91
7,794.86
6, 827.60
32, 794.22
$180.08 2,858.61
14,116.63
3,744.01
16,417.70
21.50
2,014.79
$23.40
245.10
Aguas B uenas..
Aibonito............
2,085.70
268.79
1,836.51
713.44
1,988.71
1,402.94
2,455.61
2, 274.73
2, 430.69
2, 697.95
2,011.19
2,981.13
3, 521.19
6, 070.23
16,172.81
17,156.74
32, 502.41
33, 565.95
7,857.08
13,126.39
40,359.49
46,692.34
...............2..4..,..1..8..6.68
28,384.81
16,172.81
17,156.74 1,114.59 36.20
Anasco................ 1, 528.20 2, 728.16 2,805.21 2, 907.38 3,154.71 2,766.57 5,907.64 16, 049.73 37,847.60 9,177.47 47,025.07 30,525.34 16,049.73 450.00
Arecibo............... 13,051.26 13,364.56 14,452.27 17, 925.12 22, 000.37 19, 031.14 39, 458.89 103,490.26 242, 773.87 64, 575.75 307,349.62 194, 388.11 103,490.26 9,312.46 158.79
Arroyo................
Barceloneta....
1,342.42
945.00
1, 514.42
982.70
2, 524.98
1,656.49
3, 686.39
1,924.64
3, 994.07
2,456.76
4, 671.77
1,961.09
6,083.35
4, 304.49
3, 373.07
23, 053.20
27,190.47
37,284.37
7,452.84
8,718.94
34, 643.31
46,003.31
252.48
1,756.04
30, 678.26
20, 673.58
3,373.07
23, 053.20
266.28
520.49
73.22
Barranquitas... 1,191.95 1,755.84 2,094.10 2, 203.61 2, 507.27 1,952.43 3,971.29 13, 519.56 29,196.05 7,847.01 37, 043.06 22,981.62 13,519.56 541.88
Bayamon.......... 4, 075.41 4,146.00 5,485.86 6, 323.23 9, 230.98 7, 729.22 13, 862.46 54, 504.39 105, 357.55 21,733.10 127, 090.65 69,164.91 54, 504.39 3,335.31 86.04
Cabo Rojo........ 415.38 121.62 135.67 117.48 750.78 854.65 1,326.58 2,213.23 5,935.39 3, 963.85 9,899.24 6,826.00 2, 213.23 860.01
Caguas................
Camuy...............
3,484.49
2,453.47
7, 935.84
1,995.86
12, 621.50
2,092.58
16, 728.03
2,291.59
23,467.71
3,030.94
22,218.92
3, 451.36
41, 763.74
6, 018.78
64, 470.91
6,732.08
192, 691.14
28, 066.66
67,980.65
11, 039.82
260, 671.79
39,106.48
1,700.00 185, 594.60
32,135.48
64,470.91
6,732.08
8,406.28
54.78
500.00
184.14
Carolina............. 2,322.29 3,102.58 3,967.04 5,043.79 6, 341.38 5, 976.50 10, 659.25 24,025.46 61,438.29 20,070.83 81,509.12 57,333.66 24,025.46 150.00
Catano................
Cayey.................
Ceiba..................
1, 560.22
5, 275.99
489.53
1, 522.92
8,155.64
500.55
1,923.53
11, 502.73
680.23
2, 693.02
12,463.98
976.49
2,903.89
10, 536.78
1,455.81
2, 724.97
10, 042.37
1,714.21
4, 284.02
20,352.21
4, 478.69
18,331.09
70,605.89
5, 901.56
35,952.66
148,935.59
16,197.07
7,847.42
34,138.30
6, 212.65
43,800.08
183, 073.89
22,409.72
1,594.32
14, 520.63
19,814.67
92, 302.91
16,385.36
18,331.09
70,605.89
5, 901.56
1,090.36
4,923.34
122.80
2,969.64
721.12
Ciales.................. 3,687.63 5,668.68 6,419.97 6, 858.60 6, 561.84 5, 629.50 11, 354.20 40,164.53 86,344.94 18, 014.41 104, 359.35 63,116.66 40,164.52 1,044.46 33.71
Cidra.................. 3,822.33 1,880.99 2, 670.78 4,433.81 4,932.41 4,122.54 9, 278.75 24, 380.66 55,522.27 17,239.76 72,762.03 1,368.78 46,834.96 24, 380.66 177.63
Coamo................ 483.11 1, 642.01 3,052.87 3,654.18 3,846.84 3,572.09 7, 573.03 31, 140.17 54, 964.30 14,626.27 69, 590.57 35,928.41 31, 140.17 2,316.19 205.80
Comerio.............
Corozal...............
4, 749.05
528.36
4,399.69
1,688.98
5,406.86
2,180.24
5, 661.82
2,246.32
5,289.99
2,312.02
4, 325.84
2, 009.72
7,081.07
3,355.10
38, 378.65
12,931.09
75,292.97
27, 251.83
15, 721.84
7,111.70
91, 014.81
34,363.53
125.51
37.36
48,113.19
21,313.18
38, 378.65
12,931.09
4, 362.26
3.50
35.20
78.40
Culebra..............
Dorado............... 1,051.23 416.55 406.80 805.73 1, 669.75 1, 727.00
12.10
3,218.72 16,818.48
12.10
26,114.26
386.25
5,618.53
398.35
31, 732.79
.....................3..9..8.35
13,253.33 16,818.48 1, 660.98
Fajardo.............. 923.00 338.02 849.32 1,613.44 3,024.06 5, 591.38 10,412.84 7,315.90 30,067.96 15, 765.20 45,833.16 501.70 36, 796.38 7,315.90 1, 219.18
Guanica.............
1,166.16
899.51
1,416.73
40.7b 54.00 150.56 233.04 478.38 895.41 1,373.79 1,289.60 12.38 71.81
Guayama..........
Guayanilla........
Guaynabo.........
117.96
186.51
899.42
685.52
806.77
528.21
1,013.67
643.96
1,394.63
1,197.68
989.71
1,859.23
1,182.30
871.14
2, 495.31
5,129.63
2, 361.04
5,732.84
16, 359.99
6,291.78
22, 903.91
26, 852.91
13,050.42
37,230.31
22, 679.25
4,444.88
9,137.51
49, 532.16
17, 495.30
46, 367.82 929.48
33,172.17
11,203.52
22.112.79
16,359.99
6,291.78
22, 903.94 421.61
Gurabo...............
Hatillo................
1,010.48
951.61
982.65
1,383.45
983.96
1,860.54
861.54
2,489.31
1,733.60
3,900.48
1, 605.42
4,611.11
3, 779.72
8, 247.18
8, 642.00
12,489.62
19, 599.37
35,933.30
8, 573.30
11,943.04
28,172.67
47,876.34
...............1..9..,.5...3..0.67
34, 518.83
8,642.00
12,489.62 666.82 201.07
Hormigueros... 34.20 152.07 143.57 106.10 130.75 128.18 257.57 521.20 1,473.64 717.51 2,191.15 1, 579.15 521.20 83.71 7.09
Humacao...........
Isabela................
Jayuya................
Juana Diaz....
54.96
2,350.63
884.28
570.06
182.24
2,622.51
2,668.68
1, 063.26
451.70
3, 892.19
2,326.72
1,125.40
983.46
4,898.77
2, 059.07
1,014.70
1,890.52
5, 972.21
2,313.15
926.64
1,892.47
4,161.38
1,878.41
908.00
3,983.09
9,823.17
5, 827.34
1,515.00
4.492.63
28, 001.10
22,724.26
17,159.41
13, 931.07
61,724.96
40,681.91
24,282.47
13, 370.21
16,004.91
9,800.88
4, 769.90
27,301.28
77, 729.87
50,482.79
29,052.37
80.36
21,569.21
49, 579.35
26, 952.81
10, 602.30
4,492.63
28, 001.10
22, 724.26
17,159.41
1,239.44
69.06
793.24
1,139.56
12.48
151.10
Juncos................ 126.66 215.13 744.24 1,904.35 2, 360.63 1,819.55 4, 208.90 8, 475.12 19, 854.58 8,280.39 28. 134.97 17, 701.97 8, 475.12 1,952.46 5.42
Lajas...................
Lares...................
Las Marias....
422.76
959.72
43.50
2,844.01
1,401.50
80.80
3,886.85
1,564.00
61.14
3,264.53
1,499.00
154.31
3,714.72
1, 570.10
164.83
3,540.68
1,482.30
324.18
9,888.21
6, 660.30
1,317.16
34, 967.02
24, 352.98
2,145.92
62, 528.78
39,489.90
1,490.65
16,118.52
9,481.60
3,636.57
78, 647.30
48,971.50
11.40
4,210.50
1, 954.65
38,248.10
24, 336.40
1,317.16
34,967.02
24, 352.98
312.36
1, 219.70
275.72
41.00
1.98
6.40
Las Piedras.... 195.94 279.87 630.29 521.16 648.31 639.27 1, 119.15 5,370.21 9,404.20 3,105.59 12, 509.79 6, 665.37 5, 370.21 474.21
Loiza................... 2, 051.60 2, 070.54 2, 273.65 3,084.84 3,549.30 3,323.48 6,716.87 21, 668.45 44, 738.73 12,707.44 57, 446.17 2,590.38 30,879.69 21,668.45 298.80 2, 008.85
Luquillo............
Manati...............
142.67
394.09
409.62
349.75
1,170.62
479.65
1, 921.99
1,399.63
3, 088.97
2, 190.52
2,812.89
1, 934.10
6, 350.75
4, 703.14
7, 569.76
31,002.53
23,467.27
42,453.41
9,340.53
11,227.86
32,807.80
53, 681.27
25,115.82
19, 997.61
7, 569.76
31,002.53
122.22
1, 304.24 1,376.89
Maricao.............. 1, 033.18 1,079.00 1,171.88 861.12 1,019.91 1, 761.46 5,365.58 20,149.76 32,441.89 8,055.32 40, 497.21 20,229.61 20,149.76 117.84
Maunabo..........
Mayaguez.........
Moca...................
33.00
3,200.18
245.29
155.56
4, 743.94
1,690.99
275.40
6,014.18
2, 270.53
377.58
8, 690.14
2, 663.88
423.05
15, 204.65
3,173.48
394.46
15,735.72
2,707.24
1,004.52
35, 135.36
3,945.19
718.56
48, 206.05
11,215.16
3, 382.13
136,930.22
27,911.76
2, 264.74
85, 775.49
6, 891.93
5, 646.87
222, 705.71
34, 803.69
101.09
4,913.41
170,598.40
22, 660.46
718.56
48, 206.05
11,215.16
14.90
3,460.80
668.72
339.37
259.35
Morovis............. 2,294.29 2,307.57 2,336.42 2,344.66 2, 568.12 2,235.66 4,640.71 25,197.49 43,954.92 8, 063.19 52,018.11 26,193.05 25,197.49 490.67 136.90
Naguabo............ 563.97 772.49 688.72 997.00 1, 603.18 1,891.10 4, 072.15 14,167.13 24,755.74 8, 927.04 33,682.78 18, 806.09 14,167.13 584.26 125.30
Naranjito.......... 247.16 1,119.12 1,395.47 2, 222.30 2, 782.45 2,519.48 4,711.62 7, 792.93 22, 790.53 7,238.56 30,029.09 21,932.21 7, 792.93 153.95 150.00
Orocovis............ 965.66 2, 579.96 3,402.76 3,685.16 4,219.94 3,581.33 5,910.59 14,472.07 38,817.47 8, 259.95 47, 077.42 32,019.09 14, 472.07 586.36
Patillas............... 872.71 1,077.40 1,590.60 2, 584.00 3, 024.70 3, 352.20 5, 595.50 8,911.24 27,008.35 8,716.10 35, 724.45 18, 322.77 8,911.24 7,690.44 800.00
Penuelas............ 179.71 438.66 537.37 856.28 1,350.84 1,395.75 4,142.49 31,832.83 40, 733.93 4,873.16 45, 607.09 13, 001.59 31,832.83 326.27 446.40
Ponce... ..............
Quebradillas...
Rincon................
Rio Grande....
7, 034.67
362.19
13,488.97
860.08
17, 266.23
1,206.30
17,718.76
1,802.39
26,439.74
2, 071.61
27, 961.60
2,086.21
50,711.16
3,073.98
149, 587.88
4,937.35
310, 209.01
16,400.11
114, 803.64
4, 092.09
425, 012.65
20,492.20
6,166.12
175.92
251, 903.02
15, 258.88
149, 587.88
4,937.35
16, 529.25
97.73
826.38
12.32
2.86
1,568.94
4.86
1, 691.92
27.09
1,763.25
23.14
1, 974.09
311.52
2,850.27
261.63
2,976.99
340.75
4,969.40
1,589.68
7, 521.92
2, 561.53
25, 326.78
797.09
8,366.48
3, 358.62
33,693.26
• • • ................1..,. 678.85
25, 758.26
1, 589.68
7, 521.92
90.09
413.08
Rio Piedras.... 17,327.12 9,108.43 16, 265.63 20,131.48 24,428.85 16,548.20 38,598.33 106,158.42 248, 566.46 71, 222.31 319,788.77 2, 352.00 200, 142.45 106,158.42 11,135.90
Sabana Grande 235.52 402.26 1,563.42 1, 527.68 2, 275.44 2,215.99 4, 288.38 3, 598.09 16,106.78 7, 531.07 23, 637.85 18,915.00 3,598.09 1,124.76
Salinas................
San German...
31.48
236.97
104.97
799.70
126.10
1,027.43
419.92
1,495.27
510.01
1,645.16
1,915.03
2,200.53
8, 192.32
5, 648.56
440.76
14,047.08
11,740.59
27,100.70
13,857.17
11,803.30
25,597.76
38, 904.00
1,638.58 23, 238.52
24,426.97
440.76
14, 047.08
279.90
388.43 41.52
San Juan........... 32, 396.91 16,784.89 20, 081.13 20,972.83 25,775.83 28,994.96 45,186.31 88,905.87 279,098.73 125,189.95 404, 288.68 14,977.32 235, 503.77 88, 905.87 58, 909.28 4,992,44
Santurce............
San Lorenzo...
43,422.09
1,550.71
26, 434.49
2,845.03
31,982.49
4, 580.02
48,153.77
6, 298.15
63,826.42
7,168.59
70, 706.56
6,468.51
135, 658.87
9, 765.62
235,587.68
22,338.15
655, 772.37
61,014.78
250,700.35
15, 275.66
906,472.72
76, 290.44
77.60
561.10
645, 607.44
51,210.00
235,587.68
22, 338.15
25,200.00
2,167.61 13.58
San Sebastian.. 4,487.38 2,920.81 3,839.36 3, 394.01 3, 527.73 2,870.24 7, 243.26 35, 851.55 64,134.34 12,937.51 77, 071.85 35,407.79 35,851.55 5,812.51
Santa Isabel... 496.18 394.70 360.64 322.43 417.55 610.10 1, 189.14 1,471.40 5, 262.14 2, 526.48 7,788.62 32.22 250.76 1,471.40 321.85 5, 712.39
Toa Alta...........
Toa Baja..........
53.10
649.27
56.83
1,412.47
179.62
2,083.64
264.02
2,402.66
412.69
3,016.99
412.23
1,811.85
1,148.46
2,606.95
8,467.44
18, 255.00
10, 994.39
32,238.83
5,737.00
8,818.93
16,731.39
41,057.76 ......................... 7,966.34
22,802.76
8,467.44
18, 255.00
297.61 ................ .. • • •
Trujillo Alto... 107.24 250.40 222.81 456.92 998.94 994.84 2,581.27 8,005.43 13,617.85 4,952.14 18, 569.99 10, 276.45 8,005.43 177.05 111.06
Utuado............... 2, 779.98 5, 646.63 6, 621.47 7, 295.36 8,267.35 7, 771.25 14,549.98 56, 004.80 108,936.82 25,880.94 134,817.76 77,462.49 56,004.80 1, 207.15 143.32
Vega Alta......... 390.78 301.13 532.26 • 616.69 707.85 805.36 1,790.05 12,865.76 18,009.88 3,435.37 21,445.25 7,995.80 12,865.76 571.19 12.50
Vega Baja......... 864.93 483.07 624.67 2, 024.45 2, 923.96 2,187.67 4,490.41 15,620.48 29, 219.64 7,814.64 37, 034.28 21,263.28 15,620.48 112.20 38.32
Vieques..............
Villalba..............
281.92
783.90
1,794.66
1,624.20
3, 705.18
2,025.58
4, 959.28
2, 478.07
5,083.62
2,617.93
5,025.83
2, 266.70
11,725.16
3,943.09
59, 536.22
14, 523.29
92,111.87
30, 262.76
23,935.43
6, 340.63
116,047.30
36, 603.39 ......................... 55, 770.94
21,696.98
59, 536.22
14, 523.29
740.14
314.52 68.60
Yabucoa............ 1,933.51 1,976.60 1, 822.15 2,428.09 2,964.96 3, 016.65 4,165.23 12, 956.35 31,263.54 10, 384.70 41,648.24 1,105.78 25, 377.04 12,956.35 1,909.51 299.56
Yauco................. 723.97 2,194.80 2, 406.14 1,942.54 3,024.59 3,147.73 9,106.34 26, 070.02 48,616.13 16, 383.30 64,999.43 37, 571.58 26, 070.02 1,357.83
Corporations... 149, 226.88 43,189.05 40,992.93 66,414.43 75,186.99 62,876.35 77,414.63 523,842.12 1,039,143.38 166,577.92 1,205, 721.30 163,104.25 323, 681.03 523,842.12 195, 093.90
Totals.... $345,144.60 $240,687.24 $297, 772.13 $379, 761.12 $471,004.60 $450, 020.31 $850, 384.44 $2, 574, 095.99 $5, 608,870.43 $1,658,771.87 $7, 267, 642.30 $220,151.00 | $4,056, 673.29 $2,574,095.99 $392,957.86 | $23, 764.16
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 119
Exhib it No . 17
LOANS TO MUNICIPALITIES AS OF JUNE 30, 1936
Municipalities
Advan ce to Munic ipaliti es :
Rio Grande, (Per J. R. 53, 1931)....
Adjuntas..............................................................
Aguas Buenas....................................................
Anasco..................................................................
Barceloneta.........................................................
Bayamon & Catano.......................................
Caguas..................................................................
Camuy..................................................................
Carolina................................................................
Cayey....................................................................
Ciales.....................................................................
Cidra......................................................................
Comerio................................................................
Guayama.............................................................
Humacao.............................................................
Lares......................................................................
Las Marias.........................................................
Loiza......................................................................
Manati..................................................................
Morovis................................................................
Naranjito.............................................................
Quebradillas.......................................................
Rio Grande.........................................................
Rio Piedras........................................................
San Lorenzo.......................................................
San Sebastian....................................................
Vega Baja............................................................
Vieques.................................................................
Government of the Capital........................
Total advances to Municipalities.
Totals........................................................
Balance
July 1, 1935
Loans made
during
the year
Amount
repaid
during year
$1,250.00 $1,250.00
$9,498.05
708.19
682.28
1,171.30
1,200.00
950.80
2,100.59
2,557.69
22,317.34
24,688.73
407.88
1,350.00
3, 270.15
588.78
2,844.95
1,394.69
1,413.98
2,829.72
190.42
593.01
644.19
453.57
483.36
9,252.19
644.73
9,750.92
$3,776.00
4, 380.00
4, 556.35
895.00
2,328.00
40,000.00
$222.36
682.28
1,200.00
2,817.34
1, 783.51
1,250.00
400.00
750.92
40,000.00
$101,987.51 $55, 935.35 $49,106.41
$103, 237.51 $55,935.35 $50, 356.41
Outstanding
Balance
June 30, 1936
$13, 274.05
485.83
1,171.30
950.80
2,100.59
2,557.69
19, 500.00
27,285.22
407.88
100.00
3, 270.15
588.78
7,001.30
895.00
1, 394.69
1,413.98
2,829.72
190.42
593.01
644.19
453.57
483.36
11, 580.19
644.73
9,000.00
$108,816.45
$108,816.45
P R O P E R T Y V A L U A T IO N A N D T A X E S F O R T H E F IS C A L Y E A R 1935-36
(C O R R E C T E D T O JU N E 30, 1936)
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 121
122 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
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OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 123
124 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No. 20
DETAILED STATEMENT SHOWING INCOME TAX ASSESSMENT
FROM JULY 1, 1935 TO JUNE 30, 1936
Year Individuals Partnerships Corporations
Withheld
at Source Totals
1918................................ $59.67
272.61
73.87
15.73
27.09
$59.67
272.61
73.87
15.73
27.09
1919................................
1920................................
1921................................
1922................................
1923................................
1924................................ 16,440.92
3, 381.59
1,447.17
2,284.96
26,076.16
8,075.12
42,817.11
19,844.39
10,174.55
11, 874.34
35, 286.24
242, 207.31
1, 819.81
16,440.92
4, 297.12
2,815.80
10, 567.65
41,346.33
38, 256.19
101,648.75
73,343.61
50, 058.00
63,792.76
106, 054.82
1,781,689.74
53,821.68
1925................................ $915.53
1,368.63
1,305.58
10,899.10
23,318.10
52, 261.73
43,404.37
9,146.49
10,541.17
7, 510.31
1,285, 756.01
8,916.14
1926................................
1927..............
$3,733.70
4,816.52
4, 012.23
7, 795.60
30, 259.69
41, 377.25
62,490.23
226, 645.75
43,068.53
$6, 977.11
637.37
2, 046.45
2, 557.68
2,299.25
477.27
1928................................
1929............
1930................................
1931.............. ■ .
1932................................
1933................................
1934.............. 768.04
27,080.67
17.20
1935..................
1936..........
Totals.............. $422,178.64 $424,199.50 $1,455,343.16 $42, 861.04 $2,344, 582.34
Exhib it No . 21
MONTHLY INTERNAL REVENUE STAMP SALES FOR THE YEAR 1935-1936
July August September October November December January February March April May June Totals
Cigars...........................................................................
Cigarettes...................................................................
Cut Tobacco............................................................
Playing Cards..........................................................
Arms and Ammunition......................................
Matches......................................................................
Motor Vehicles, Tires, Etc...............................
Phonographs, Organs, Radios, Etc...............
Pianos, Harmoniums and Accs.......................
Cinematographic Films.......................................
Photographic Cameras and Accs....................
Billiard Tables and Accs....................................
Chewing Gum, Bonbons, Etc.........................
Mats, Carpets, Linoleums, Etc......................
Typewriters...............................................................
Dynamite................................. •................................
Cash Registers, Scales, Weights......................
Adding and Calculating Machines................
Safes..............................................................................
Elect. Fans, Ventilators, etc............................
Jewelry........................................................................
Hydraulic Cement.................................................
Horse Races..............................................................
Purses Won at Horse Races.............................
Pools & Subscription Funds............................
Contracts....................................................................
Sugar............................................................................
Stone...........................................................................
Affidavits....................................................................
Section 16-A...................................... ......................
Administrative Fines............................................
Talking Cinematographic Apparatus............
Cosmetics and Perfumery..................................
Electrical and Fluid Gas Apparatus............
Kerosene.....................................................................
Lubricating Oils......................................................
Lubricating Grease................................................
Internal Revenue Lies, and Narcts..............
Sales Tax 2%..............................................................
Beverage Law:
Taxes............................................................
Licenses..............................................................
Miscellaneous Receipts:
Notarial Instruments............................
Court Fees........................................................
Auto and Chauffeurs Licenses.................
Insurance............................................................
Blank Books.....................................................
Law Pamphlets...............................................
Other Miscellaneous.....................................
Gasoline (from previous years)................
Total Internal Revenue Collections..............
Special Laws:
Soil Amendment.....................................
Cattle Feed.......................................................
Tobacco Protection........................................
Fertilizer.............................................................
Coffee Seals.......................................................
Gasoline..............................................................
Gas & Diesel Oils..........................................
Fisheries..............................................................
Total Special Laws...............................................
Grand Tota l ......................................................
$8,615.10
176,332.80
26.16
626.80
442.21
9,082.55
23, 749.28
3,122.46
110.11
2, 754.93
77.73
78.67
1,854.63
636.94
207.10
72.48
102.13
554.06
7, 560.43
883.71
2,191.78
1,680.00
1,695.86
10,216.21
1,175.55
4,371.03
1.64
1,776.00
6,807.20
2,316.75
243.48
3,319.02
1,008.11
5, 528.88
1,080.08
361.92
52, 562.50
48, 564.33
59,115.47
18,719.18
23,495.34
3,343.97
113,452.80
6, 055.22
131.85
5.60
11.00
$8,605.55
136,997.50
250.56
77.00
287.88
8, 272.45
23,288.58
3,024.39
172.79
2,947.44
224.54
168.50
2, 773.25
715.16
594.45
156.88
48.87
314.66
23.50
2,868.32
584.59
4,408.49
1,260.00
1, 248.52
7,743.58
3,032.94
4.53
1,716.50
6,337.50
2,421.46
6.79
3,484.70
7, 064.76
13,399.57
2,893.96
278.04
1,154.34
42, 603.87
67,371.81
960.75
23, 767.39
3, 761.34
28, 799.97
1,092.07
151.00
5.85
61.25
$7, 027.30
173, 835.02
36.48
936.60
212.55
16,818.20
18,458.38
2, 903.73
40.00
2,262.45
226.74
61.40
1,972.60
466.16
851.12
19.25
159.24
73.22
115.85
5, 506.50
560.58
3, 968.17
1,400.00
1,257.23
5, 846.96
1,182.21
17.92
1,731.60
5,857.81
1, 952.87
3, 382.60
740.10
6, 734.83
1,775.89
411.64
5,230.01
46, 656.13
73,212.32
8, 642.08
20, 361.71
3, 536.11
17,608.25
1,026.54
126.95
4.89
28.70
$8,270.30
176,304.28
44.16
963.52
1,232.92
13,445.52
25,889.20
4,239.28
79.50
2,438.16
141.09
101.53
2,767.91
1,007.71
527.61
138.57
263.47
159.68
11.56
6,986.68
763.99
2, 546.25
1,400.00
1,314.67
8, 199.61
1,249.00
5.41
4, 075.00
7,522.91
2, 583.05
3,610.49
746.16
5,863.36
9,887.72
1,447.81
49, 901.25
64,634.55
66,242.38
13, 279.29
26,404.38
4,122.46
15, 520.37
677.71
123.55
3.60
26.51
$9, 436.35
177, 778.00
52.92
246.06
255.79
4,905.32
22,491.41
3,023.57
103.45
2,997.13
143.31
67.88
3,231.84
784.91
577.59
534.60
389.33
186.73
5, 521.21
676.88
1,820.24
1,400.00
1,201.44
7, 758.53
2, 339.96
1,843.25
11,122.50
2,816.50
5.99
4,645.54
973.73
3, 809.64
22,963.82
681.60
1, 629.10
71, 021.22
66, 800.20
587.88
18, 050.74
3,237.83
13,097.75
628.91
118.75
7.65
35.13
$8,422.46
189,820.40
155.52
373.91
321.83
9,740.02
27, 501.19
3,712.67
40.39
2,039.55
197.69
81.52
5, 583.01
1,641.58
1,847.35
36.70
538.70
392.50
5,632.97
1,668.65
3,227.43
1,400.00
1,339.97
8,260.25
1,879.19
1,853.75
13,236.76
2,111.92
124.67
5,608.69
1,296.45
6,958.78
5, 746.64
898.09
5,891.09
57,843.76
83, 335.22
8,113.00
19,617.39
4,025.29
18,643.84
797.99
145.15
6.45
20.00
8,496.84
$9,566.93
197,936.60
84.96
518.60
629.42
1,371.25
29,140.71
4,479.77
105.96
2,262.35
154.39
102.23
2,428.88
1,076.84
523.42
218.75
170.58
349.47
13.16
8, 674.74
1, 575.68
3,855.53
1,540.00
1,189.44
7,488.57
1,648.01
11,857.51
1,864.75
14,696.37
2,190.50
185.27
3,752.37
1,169.50
5,549.61
3,185.43
1,059.02
48,990.25
76,929.04
100, 357.47
14,461.28
17, 667.42
3,428.56
18,824.20
1,161.85
126.00
10.00
20.82
$9,614.15
183,353.30
73.44
593.80
543.62
8,921.63
27,897.56
2,785.74
63.75
2,998.04
243.67
22.36
2, 686.06
405.61
619.01
18.20
193.90
1,030.06
36.40
5,231.46
699.41
1,427.26
1,260.00
1,058.32
7,490.87
1,440.26
133,731.58
.85
1,719.59
9, 628.94
2,778.97
1.35
3,254.55
1,021.98
23,630.68
3, 888.32
4,161.39
2,121.92
46,087.25
78, 502.86
576.25
20,283.59
4,158.61
15,476.07
780.14
126.50
10.05
23.00
$9,847.32
208,234.51
117.36
362.80
650.76
9,257.60
24,310.02
3,563.08
96.95
2, 726.02
143.26
105.32
4,253.17
754.51
1,059.82
118.17
137.18
145.15
31.06
2,035.59
1,033.43
3,380.03
1,400.00
1,370.31
8,867.17
1,139.26
170,886.53
7 25
1,983'60
6,244.85
3,281.77
107.99
5,122.67
1,755.82
8,820.51
8,784.02
1,878.01
7,445.34
48,842.54
105,474.67
10,784.13
21,983.93
3,293.52
12,364.23
999.51
132.55
8.45
24.50
$8,898.65
223, 628.00
80.64
924.40
900.83
10, 207.19
30,362.37
3,491.71
45.45
3,165.77
331.31
101.09
4, 364.51
800.19
98.90
430.08
456.11
28.97
2,349.91
1,315.38
2,073.23
1,260.00
1,302.68
6,243.78
1,970.94
168,536.87
12.27
1,587.75
7,270.57
2,632.15
88.28
4,894.67
3, 027.19
3,270.76
22,844.58
2,082.33
49,970.25
55,835.48
253,126.35
12, 764.75
26, 151.11
3,240.73
8, 681.97
973.72
135.45
9.00
23.50
$9,212.95
171,731.40
102.24
943.20
412.46
7,865.55
28,130.15
3,336.31
47.74
3,115.74
309.25
119.65
3, 555.66
836.94
995.70
346.61
382.04
14.70
5,692.08
1,298.62
5,139.78
1,260.00
1,318.48
8,919.58
1, 663.63
170,724.80
7.11
1,736.25
5, 566.86
2, 200.80
3, 566.74
2,025.36
7,393.98
3,693.39
1, 397.25
1, 529.25
57,825.07
129, 225.53
883.75
21, 324.92
2, 797.54
7, 205.99
1,382.79
143.11
5.20
29.50
$8,820.60
200,951.96
197.76
396.20
389.13
13,719.98
45,448.25
2, 570.74
54.45
2,648.46
372.73
211.09
3, 021.31
922.40
2,158.03
44.75
288.79
1,487.22
230.85
3, 222.07
3,375.86
1,867.45
2, 729.60
2,062.32
6,783.23
4,292.60
63,728.07
362.36
1,872.21
7,744.44
2,742.00
12.06
5,353.58
7,000.41
7,132.55
11,238.11
2,188.09
5,692.00
61,203.77
84, 272.67
8,140.00
20,887.87
3, 431.53
389, 978.65
2, 766.78
170.25
11.20
31.00
$106,337.66
2,216,903.77
1,222.20
6, 962.89
6, 279.40
113,607.26
326,667.10
40,253.45
960.54
32,355.04
2, 565.71
1,221.24
38, 492.83
10, 048.95
10,060.10
1,358.35
3,068.88
5, 530.90
506.05
61,281.96
14,436.78
35, 905.64
17,989.60
16,359.24
93,818.34
23,013.55
723,836.39
419.34
23, 760.25
102,036.71
30,028.74
775.88
49,995.62
27,829.57
98,093.15
97, 981.96
16,845.19
232,117.30
678,047.01
1,167,036.95
97,912.34
259,995.79
42,377.49
659,654.09
18,343.23
1,631.11
87.85
334.91
8,496.84
$606,121.05 $417,427.84 $445,236.80 $537,164.13 $472,002.18 $520,627.22 $604, 593.46 $612, 672.32 $705,366.24 $931,991.82 $677,415.65 $994,227.43 $7, 524,846.14
$266.80
633.80
3,480.45
3, 626.40
3.00
721.09
400.01
$328.90
9,058.78
1,576.40
11.00
119,112.68
13,986.90
$6.90
888.58
1, 010.40
1.50
538.73
$.20
517.20
3, 366.04
986.20
27.50
216, 972.36
$1.70
3,725.10
1, 264.20
51.25
29,129.29
$18.20
432.63
1,984.40
90.85
104,468.23
$4.00
633.40
285.61
2,052.60
58.90
1,337.78
$.20
64.00
395.81
1,259.80
69.25
416, 568.79
$10.40
8.20
.75
540 20
20 75
123,360.84
$.80
672.40
348.80
37.50
228,184.68
1.00
$262.90
50.25
2,363.60
21.25
228, 703.56
3.00
$1.90
193.90
4,414.00
79.35
120,848.51
6,196.11
1,216.00
$640.00
2, 985.80
21,684.00
21,427.00
472.10
1,589,946.54
20,583.02
1,220.00
$9,131.55 $144, 074.66 $2,446.11 $221,869.50 $34,171.54 $106, 994.31 $4,372.29 $418,357.85 $123,941.14 $229,245.18 $231,404.56 $132,949.77 $1,658,958.46
$615, 252.60 $561, 502.50 $447, 682.91 $759,033.63 $506,173.72 $627, 621.53 $608, 965.75 $1,031,030.17 $829,307.38 $1, 161,237.00 $908,820.21 $1,127,177.20 $9,183,804.60
Total amount of Internal Revenue stamps sales for the fiscal year 1935-36, reported by Bureau of Accounts.................. $9,183,818.92
Total amount of Internal Revenue stamps sales for the fiscal year 1935-36, reported by Bureau of Excise Taxes.......... 9,183,804.60
Difference over deposited.......................................... $14.32
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 125
Exhib it No. 22
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXCISE STAMP SALES BY SOURCES
FISCAL YEARS 1931-32, 1932-33, 1933-34, 1934-35 AND 1935-36
Articles 1931-32 1932-33 1933-34 1934-35 1935-36
Cigars ...................................................................... $157,933.29 $132,564.92 $116, 772.06 $105,354.42 $106, 337 66
Cigarettes .................................................................. 1,879,630.30 1,744,980.72 1,947,761.01 1, 950,410.64 2,216; 903 77
Cut Tobacco ............................................................... 1,593.18 1,604.82 1,146 81 1, 108.08 1, 222 20
5,610.20 4,038.68 4, 425.38 5,181.46 6, 962 89
Arms and Ammunition........................................... 3,141.22 3,325.59 3,973.71 3,503.66 6, 279 40
M atches .................................................................. 136, 608.09 113,033.98 74,898.88 93,129.98 113,607 26
Motor Vehicles, etc ................................................. 286, 359.98 179,859.34 244,772.48 232,429.46 326,667 10
Phonographs, Organs, etc....................................... 46; 908.72 32,602.71 24,623.34 35,438.92 40,253.45
Pianolas and Accessories......................................... 17.55 49.29 58.57
Pianos, Harmoniums, etc....................................... 2,172.39 562.29 703.32 667.92 960 54
Cinematographic Films........................................... 27,552.65 24,292.54 26,091.11 28,473.97 32,356 04
Photographic Cameras and Accessories........... 3,185.59 2,067.61 2,673.91 2,557.99 2, 565 71
Billiard Tables and Accessories........................... ' 906.24 847.17 833.07 1,110.63 1,221 24
Chewing Gum, Bonbons & Confectionery... 25,691.54 32,708.57 32,479.29 29,190.35 38,492.83
Bicycles, etc................................................................ 253.65
Musical Instruments................................................ 333.88 53.40
Mats Carpets and Linoleums............................. 7,853.92 6,746.83 7,833.95 8, 329.89 10,048.95
Lighting Apparatus, Parts and Accessories.. 393.18
Typewriters ................................................................ 5, 098.12 2,974.31 2,632.24 5,395.03 10,660.10
Chairs for Dentists and Barbers........................ 60.32
Dynamite and Powder............................................ 4,112.21 1,347.06 2,456.60 6,723.84 1,358 35
Cash Registers, etc.................................................... 8,058.78 9,933.51 4,433.94 5,404.06 3, 068 88
Adding and Calculating Machines.................... 1,467.94 1,502.30 5,863.39 3,221.18 5,530.90
Thermos and Vacuum Bottles............................. 219.22
Safes................................................................................. 126.39 127.32 234.11 195.46 506 05
Electric Fans and Ventilators.............................. 27,137.66 26,984.88 34,905.12 49,632.00 61,281.96
Glass Show Cases...................................................... 121.29
Jewelry.......................................................................... 9, 721.52 8,212.70 9,515.25 9,193.38 14,436 78
Hydraulic Cement..................................................... 19,714.38 19, 398.57 21,944.87 27,402.69 35,905.64
Lubricating Oil and Grease................................... 2,923.84
Horse Races.................................................................. 9, 500.00 9,120.00 13,440.00 15,142.60 17,989 60
Purses Won at Horse Races................................. 23,907.73 18,001.28 20,320.74 14,980.25 16,359 24
Pools................................................................................. 127, 765.97 78;541.16 99;730.50 105; 726.09 93,818.34
Admission to Public Spectacles........................... 8,364.26
Contracts...................................................................... 18,604.34 13,443.51 22,845.23 13,996.07 23,013 55
Sugar................................................................................ 820,146.18 639;509.63 905,487.08 646,112.06 723,836 39
Stone................................................................................ 598.14 172.20 105.71 64.54 419 34
Affidavits .................................................................. 20,608.30 18,935.16 19,301.19 19,288.47 23, 760 25
Section 16-A.................................................................. 61, 525.15 66;091.79 77,898.81 76,154.03 102,036 71
Administrative Fines................................................ 9,770.00 15,437.31 16,046.94 31,522.16 30,028.74
Sole Leather................................................................
Talking Cinematographic Annaratuses............ 227.92 737 04 466.23 272.44 775 88
Cosmetics and Perfumery...................................... 36, 385.35 40, 594 86 40, 724 68 42,048.16 49,995 62
Electrical and Fluid Gas Apparatuses............. 13,266 59 10,495 33 9,997 41 10,211 35 27,829 57
Kerosene......................................................................... 64,127.01 84,947.95 94,372.85 99,’ 858.50 98,093 15
Lubricating Oils.......................................................... 62,450.56 25; 376 58 34; 107.85 27,867.29 97,981 96
Lubricating Grease.................................................... 14,626.26 9,924 45 it 766 07 11,395.65 16,845.19
Beer Tax........................................................................ 28,714.42 16; 788.96 93;619.95
Beverage Tax............................................................... 358,687.87 970; 405.65 1,167,036 95
Licenses Beverage Law........................................... 26, 269 29 119,891.12 97,912 34
Gas and Diesel Oils.................................................. 74; 501.71 30,129.97 20; 583 02
f Notarial Instruments.............. 281,533.01 224,931 09 227; 123.35 245,113.14 259,995 79
I Court Fees.................................... 60;048 78 56,660 26 49;600 98 43;119.26 42,377 49
( Auto Licenses.............................. 515,421 54 504, 759 05 475,070 92 SIL 838 57 659,654 09
Miscellaneous ( Insurance....................................... 18, 570 97 17,644 37 16, 535 37 13,762.06 18,343 23
Receipts | Blank Books............................... 1,446 95 1, 207 66 1,680 81 1,952.63 1, 631.11
j Law Pamphlets......................... 126 35 231 65 108 85 92.00 87.85
1 Other Misc. Collections......... 16.06 267.18 298.88 1,005.64 334.91
( Gasoline (Previous Years)... 8,496.84
f Manufacturers............................ 43,622 25 34,062 50 12,233.75 11,807.50 12,247.50
Internal 1 Wholesale Dealers..................... 42; 266 20 39,797 50 43; 146 50 35, 993.00 32, 738.50
Revenue { Retail Dealers............................. 192,854.19 182,027.75 177,695.70 177,165.25 173,’758.50
Licenses 1 Billiard Tables, Slot ma-
( chines, etc................................ 37, 204 31 41, 250 00 12,135.00 13,050.00 11,775.00
Opi um Lice ns es ...................................................... 1,347 73 1,475.76 1,458.00 1,673.32 1,597.80
Taxes on Narco tic Products ......................... 1 20
Sales Tax (2?).......................................................... 546,531 98 464, 739.01 493,869.74 544,462.36 678,047.01
Gasol ine ................................................................... 2,259 724 44 1,103. 755.06 1,696; 432.75
Speci al Laws | Atd mi ni st rTatobipvaec coF inIenssp..e...c..t.i.o...n. .............7..,.4..71 80 28 00
Tobacco Prote cti on .......................................... 62,581 47 21,037.64 31,479.93 34,009.44 21,684.00
Puerto Rican Coffee Stamps, 3?! each.............. 15.18
126 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No . 22—Continued
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXCISE STAMP SALES BY SOURCES
FISCAL YEARS 1931-32, 1932-33, 1933-34, 1934-35 AND 1935-36
Articles 1931-32 1932-33 1933-34 1934-35 1935-36
Puerto Rican Coffee Stamps, 5jS each.............. $144.05
f Stamps...................................
Fore ig n Coff ee ] Coffee Inspection.............. 593.00
21.00
16,164.40
i Administrative Fines....
Ferti liz er ................................................................
Pue rto Rico Coffee —Metal Seals ............
Gas oli ne ...................................................................
$19,796.40
108.33
1, 246,015.95
29,070.00
6.00
448.60
2,410.60
$20, 738.20
771.45
283,951.81
114,175.00
$16,446.60
206.63
$21,427 00
472 10
Slot Mach ine s ....................................................... 1, 589,946.54
[ Warehouse Inspection.........
Agri cul tur e < Soil Amendment....................
Stam ps ( Cattle Feed..............................
Cock -Fight ing Licen ses ....................................
20.00
383.30
2,253.80
547.40
2,487.80
4,821.00
370.60
2,450.00
640 00
2,985.80
Fis her ies .................................................................. 1, 220 00
Total Amount Collected......................................... $8,047,372.96 $6,299,809.08 $7,487,607.03 $8,283,692.11 $9,183,804.60
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 127
OUTSTANDING INDEBTEDNESS DETAILED BY MUNICIPALITIES JUNE 30, 1936
Exhib it No . 23
Municipality
Bonded
Indebtedness
To Insular
Government
Other
Indebtedness Total
Adjuntas...................................................... $96, 000 *$13, 274.05 $109 2.74 05
Aguada......................................................... 64, 000 $3,000.00 67 000 00
Aguadilla..................................................... 150, 000 20,000.00 170 000 00
Aguas Buenas............................................ 31,000 31 000 00
Aibonito....................................................... 60, 000 6 520 00 66 590 O0
Anasco.......................................................... 155' 000 155 000 00
Arecibo......................................................... 160', 000 100 000 00 260 000 00
Arroyo........................................................... 56, 000 5 780 50 61 780 50
Barceloneta................................................. 212' 000 212 000 00
Barranquitas.............................................. 30, 000 400 00 30 400 00
Bayamon & Catano............................... 354' 000 19 000 00 373 000 00
Cabo Rojo................................................... 111,000 14 166 65 125 166 65
Caguas.......................................................... 176,000 91, 000.00 267 000 00
Camuy.......................................................... 1 IL 000 111 000 00
Carolina........................................................ 265,000 265 000 00
Cayey............................................................ 181,000 9, 600.00
Cayey............................................................ *19, 500 00 210 100 00
Ceiba............................................................. 59,000 59’ 000 00
Ciales............................................................ 125, 500 3,000 00
Ciales............................................................. *2L 280.00 155 780 00
Cidra............................................................. 74,000 4,000.00 78 000 00
Coamo........................................................... 91, 000 91 000 00
Comerfo........................................................ 60,000 *100.00 60 100 00
Corozal.......................................................... 47, 500 47’ 500 00
Dorado.......................................................... 23, 000 23 000 00
Fajardo......................................................... 235, 000 1,200.00 236 200 00
Guanica........................................................ 28,000 28’ 000 00
Guayama..................................................... 184,000 74,920.00 258 920 00
Gua vanilla.................................................. 71', 000 71’ 000 00
Guaynabo.................................................... 72, 500 72 500 00
Gurabo.......................................................... 73,000 10,000.00 83 000 00
Hatillo........................................................... 99, 500 99’ 500 00
Humacao...................................................... 206,000 3,000.00 23 000 00 232 000 00
Isabela........................................................... 98' 000 98 000 00
Jayuya.......................................................... 58,000 857 16 58’857 16
Juana Diaz................................................. 140; 000 10,824 87 15o’ 824 87
Juncos........................................................... 500.00 ’500 00
Lajas.............................................................. 93,000 93 000 00
Lares.............................................................. 15L 000 1,000.00
Lares.............................................................. *7,001 30 159 001 30
Las Marfas................................................. 59, 000 *895.00 59’895 00
Las Piedras................................................ 75,000 75 000 00
Loiza.............................................................. 94, 600 94? 600 00
Luquillo....................................................... 74,000 74 000 00
Manati.......................................................... 160; 000 2 600 00 162 600 00
Maricao........................................................ 7 500 00 7 500 00
Maunabo..................................................... 47, 000 47’ 000 00
Mayaguez.................................................... 1,025,000 1,025’ 000 00
Moca.............................................................. 58,000 58’ 000 00
Morovis........................................................ 68,000 *2,829.72 70’ 829 72
Naguabo....................................................... 64, 000 1,650.00 65 650 00
Naranjito..................................................... 9,000 *190.42 9’ 190 42
Orocovis....................................................... 3, 500 00 3, 500 00
Patillas.......................................................... 64, 000 10,729 22 74 729 22
Penuelas....................................................... 1,225 00 600 00 1 ’ 825 00
Ponce............................................................ 1,420,000 318,000.00 224,300 00 1 962 300 00
Quebradillas............................................... 68,000 68*000 00
Rincon........................................................... 6,900.00 6’ 900 00
Rio Grande................................................ 122,000 122 000 00
Rio Piedras................................................ 14 000 00 14’000 00
Sabana Grande......................................... 65, 000 3,500.00 3 600 00 72 100 00
Salinas........................................................... 120' 000 120 000 00
San German............................................... 111,000 13 700 00 124 700 00
San Juan...................................................... 6,156,000 341, 702.35 6 497 702 35
San Lorenzo ............................................ 75,000 75’ 000 00
San Sebastian............................................ 121, 000 *11,580.19 132 580 19
Santa Isabel................................................ 63,000.00 63 000 00
Toa Alta...................................................... 73, 000 73 000 00
Toa Baja...................................................... 145,000 145’000 00
Trujillo Alto.............................................. 63, 000 63’ 000 00
U tuado......................................................... 49,000 49 000 00
Vega Alta.................................................... 47,000 47’ 000 00
Vega Baja.................................................... 146, 000 700 00 146 700 00
Vieques....................................................... 96' 000 1,000.00 3, 000.00
Vieques......................................................... *9,000.00 109 000 00
Villalba......................................................... 29.000 29’ 000 00
Yabucoa....................................................... 192,000 600 00 192 600 00
Yauco............................................................ 15L 000 31,341.94 182 341 94
Totals.............................................. $15. 247. non $442,375 68 $1,104 192 69 *16,794, 168 37
’Advances made by the Insular Government to cover bond deficits,
128 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No . 24
ISABELA IRRIGATION SERVICE
BALANCE SHEET, JUNE 30, 1936
ASSETS
Fixed Asse ts :
Investme nts :
Irrigation System:
Guajataca Reservoir................................................
Diversion Canal.............................................................
Distribution System....................................................
$1, 772,526.29
966,555.05
706, 558.87 $3. 445, 640.21
Hydroelectric System:
Power Plant....................................................................
Substations.......................................................................
Transmission Lines......................................................
Distribution Lines........................ $140,401.48
Less: Property of Munic. of
Aguadilla under 10 yr. lease. 10,358.83
$130,321.86
12, 824.64
103,451.55
130,042.65 376,640.70
General Administration.................................................. 61, 364.26
Less: Reserve for Depreciation...................................
$3,883, 645.17
115,618.26
Total Fixed Ass et s ................................... ..............................
Current Ass ets :
Cash:
Treasurer of P. R. (General Fund)........................
Treasurer of P. R. (Cash in Transit)....................
Special Disbursing Officer............................................
$21, 726.60
0.10
1,102.38 $22, 829.08
Inventories................................................................................
Accounts Receivable:
Tax Levies...........................................................................
General Accounts..............................................................
$71, 584.68
54,593.96
80,984.02
126,178.64
Total Current Ass ets .............................
Deferred Ass ets :
Deferred Tax Levies........................................................ $323, 470.49
Total Def err ed . Ass ets .......................... ..............................
Deferre d Charge s :
Discount on Bonds..............................................................
Other Prepaid Expenses....................................................
Stream Gauging.....................................................................
Prepaid Insurance.................................................................
$8,290.25
1.05
586.64
163.78
Total Def err ed Charge s ...................... ..............................
Total Ass ets .................... ............................ ..............................
LIABILITIES
Fixe d Liab il it ie s :
Bond Indebtedness:
Construction Period:
Series “A” to “M”—1929-41....................................
Less: 8 amortizations...................................................
$975,000.00
600,000.00
Series “N” to “U”—1942-49....................................
Series “U” to “EE”—1950-59.................................
Series “FF” to “LL”—1959-66...............................
Series “MM” to “SS”—1967-73.............................
$375,000.00
600,000.00
750,000.00
525,000.00
475,000.00
$2, 725, 000.00
Operation Period:
Series “A” to “S”—1952-70......................................
Series “S” to “T”—1970-71......................................
Series “T” to “U”—1971-72.....................................
Series “U” to “V”—1972-73....................................
Series “V”—1973............................................................
$750,000.00
150, 000.00
100,000.00
150,000.00
100,000.00
$1, 250, 000.00
$3, 768,026.91
9,041.72
$4, 330, 530.86
229, 991.74
323, 470.49
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 129
Exhib it No . 24—Continued
ISABELA IRRIGATION SERVICE
BALANCE SHEET, JUNE 30, 1936
_ _________________________________ LIABILITIES —Continued
Fixe d Lia bi li ti es :—Continued
Bond Indebtedness:—Continued
Refunding Bonds:
Series “A” 1935-1945-1974.. .
Series “B” 1936-1946-1975..........................................
Notes Payable:
Banco de Ponce, $250,000 Loan (Balance).
Insular Treasury Loan-Laws of 1928 (Balance)
Other Insular Treasury Loans...............................
Total Fixed Liabilities....
$75,000.00
75,000.00
$150, 000.00
$100, 000.00
18, 750.00
863,912.73
$4,125,000.00
982,662.73
$5, 107, 662.73
Curre nt Liabi lities :
Accounts Payable......... $696.05
22,122.04
143.74
67,088.35
3,984.40
Purchases in Transit...
Unpaid Labor...
Accrued Expenses...
Accrued Interests...
Total Current Liabilities... 94,034.58
Def err ed Liabi li ti es :
Insular Treasury Loan-Laws of 1928........
Other Accounts.... $128,000.00
6,796.99
Total Deferred Liabilities... 134,796.99
Deferred Cred it s :
Premium on Bonds.... $119,924.34
Total Deferred Credits...
119,924.34
$5,456,418.64 Total Liab ili tie s ..............................
________________
1,125,887.78
$4, 330,530.86
130 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exh ib it No . 24 A
ISABELA IRRIGATION SERVICE
HYDROELECTRIC SYSTEM
ANNUAL OUTPUT, REVENUES AND
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE EXPENSES
KWH
£389250 .___, -- ------------------------------------
atsoocr______ ....
goooooo_
©00000____
<790000
(250WU_.
GOO 000
£50 000
5000000
—40000 00
30000-OO.
YOOOOXX^
8000000
toooooo _ -------------
750 O00__ _____ 411075148
.JOOOOOO
EOOOO-DO
1928-29 r9TZ9-OO 1930*31 iOftl-32 1932*53 4933-54 1934-35 1935-39
ANNUAL OUTPUT KWH V////h per iod of ma na gem emt of ut iliza tion . w .> KZ'/t J OF THE WAT t R mounts
FROM Oct 1,19 51 TO OCG. 21,03*
______ REVENUES
_______ OPERATION AND MAINT. EXPENSES 1 1 imsei.* ir ri «ati oh serv ic e ro u.
YEARS ANNUAL OUTPUT REVENUES OPLR 8 MAINT. EXP
192829 1.222,5 90 38,426.40 $ I9J69.I0
I929-3C I.359P70 4 5,51 7.23 21,7 74.62
1930-31 1,410,570 46.662.79 19,4 1 5.24
1931-32 1,6 38,5 70 5 2,582.35 18,9 6 5-39
1932-33 1,56 7,600 55,8 0 7-3 5 31.5 0 8.71
1933-34 1,758,300 5 7,78 8.1 1 20^69.37
1934-35 1,8 41,8 0 0 6 3,579.03 19.3 3 1.8 0
1935-36 2,3 89,2 50 80,751.68 2 2,386.05
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 131
Exhibit No . 25
PUERTO RICO IRRIGATION SERVICE
Guayama , P. R.
As of June 30, 1936
BALANCE SHEET
ASSETS
Fixe d As s ets :
Irrigation System............................................
Accounts
$5, 474,979.37
1,905, 624.52
193,509.36
$7, 574.113.25
109,754.19
Totals
Hydroelectric System.......................
General Headquarters..............................................
Total..............................................
Projects under Construction.............................
Total, Fixed Assets, Exhibit No. 1................ Less Depreciation: $7,683,867.44
Irrigation System....................... $40. 539.96
969,220.50
10,461.46
Hydroelectric System...................................
Transportation Equipment....................................................................
Net Amount, Fixed Assets........
1, 020,221.92
$6,663, 645.52
Cash :
Treasurer Cash Account............. $87,392.92
Disbursing Officer, Advance................................... 87,392.92
Current :
Irrigation Tax Levy:
Uncollected, Present Fiscal Year................................................
Uncollected, Previous Periods..............................................................
Total..............................
$1,288.94
162,687.59
$163,976.53
248. 005.65
3,643.75
$300, 000.00
70. 030.00
1,297.62
Accounts Collectible...............
Stores, (Materials and Supplies)............................................................ ..
Def erred :
Amortization, Accrued Monthly Instalments:
Bonded Debt...........................
415,625.94
10 years Loan Debt......................
Other Deferred Accounts............................ 371,297.62
Total As s ets .............................. $7, 537.962.00
LIABILITIES
Bonded Debt :
Bonds Issued.................................... $6,895, 000.00
3,000,000.00
$41,439.44
36.41
1,609.21
Bonds Paid......................................... $3,895, 000.00
Accounts Payab le :
Vouchers Payable..................................
Unpaid Labor............................................
Accrued Expenses............................
Accrued Interest on Bonds.......................................... ................................
Accrued Interest on Notes Payable...........................................................
Debt from Purch. of Municipal District Systems.............................
Notes Payabl e :
Notes Payable Banco de Ponce......................................
6,209.34 49,294.40
100,000.00
Def erred Credi ts :
Deferred Irrigation Revenue.................
Premium on Bonds.............................................. $3,801.00
$122.68
300, 000.00
70. 000 00
$3,000. 000 00
119,740 92
3,804.00
Def erred Liabi li ti es :
Deferred Accounts.................................
Reserve for Amortization, Bonded Debt..............................................
Reserve for Amortization, 10 years Loan Debt...................................
Surp lus :
Invested Surplus........................................
370,122.68
Other Surplus..........................................
Net Surplus, Exhibit No. 3.......................... 3.119.740 92
Total Liabi li ti es ........................................ $7. 537. 962 00 —
132 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No. 26
UTILIZATION OF THE WATER RESOURCES
BALANCE SHEET
Comp arati ve Balan ce Sheet f or the Year s 1934-35 and 1935-36
Items
Fiscal Year
1935-1936
Fiscal Year
1934-1935 Increase Decrease
ASSETS
Fixe d As s ets :
Hydroelectric System............
General Equipment........................
$3,099,799.43
76, 719.14
$3, 029, 383.79
67,104.23
$70, 415.64
9,614.91
Total Fixed Assets............. $3,176,518.57 $3, 096, 488.02
88,137.76
$80, 030.55
Current As s ets :
49, 799.67
6,636.72
289, 520.81
114, 759.49
200,000.00
150, 654.68
36, 599.74
4, 991.25
$38, 338.09
4,000.00
83,858.26
18, 715.06
Notes Receivable ........................... 10, 636.72
373, 379.07
Materials and Supplies................ 133,474.55
Othe r As s ets :
Sinking Fund, for Redemption
of Bonds ................................ 200, 000.00
6,992.13
Deferred As s ets :
Hydrographic Investigations &
Surveys of the Island.... 143, 662.55
50,426.92
3, 664.06
Projects in Suspense...................... 13,827.18
Other Deferred Assets.................. 1, 327.19
$288, 349.87
Net Increase
$158, 738.59
Totals ................................... $4,029,480.93 $3, 899, 869.65 $129, 611.28
LIABILITIES
Fixed Lia bi li ti es :
Bonded Debt .......................... $1, 000,000.00
160,057.48
89, 752.70
10, 366.05
7, 233.04
$1,000, 000.00
180, 467.53
153,147.45
11,156.43
7,765.85
Current Liabi li ti es :
Accounts Payable.................... $20,410.05
63,394.75
790.38
Other Liab iliti es :
Deferred Credits ............................ * 532.81
Reserves :
$1,267,409.27
93,266.41
200,000.00
2,468,805.25
$1,352,537.26
31,062.90 $62,203.51
100,000.00
52,535.76
$85,127.99
Bond Amortization Reserve
(covered by Sinking Fund)...
Surp lus ....................................................
100, 000.00
2,416,269.49
$214, 739.27
Net Increase
$85,127.99
Total s ................................... $4,029, 480.93 $3,899, 869.65 $129, 611.28
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 133
Exhib it No . 27
CIVIL CASES DISPOSED OF BY THE DISTRICT COURTS DURING THE
FISCAL YEAR 1935-1936
District Court
of
Total
Disposed of during
fiscal year 1935-36
Tried
Total .......
Aguadilla.............
Arecibo.................
Bayamon.............
Guayama.............
Humacao.............
Mayaguez............
Ponce....................
San Juan.............
6,810
363
479
183
257
291
473
568
4,196
6,413
423
674
378
376
774
577
956
2,255
13, 223
786
1,153
561
633
1,065
1,050
1, 524
6,451
4,994 980 306
367
540
343
314
608
687
802
1,333
133
155
87
82
40
217
338
3
6
8
6
278
6, 943 13, 223 221 $58,449.12
282 786 4 $3,686.93
457 1,153 12 6,007.84
210 561 10 3, 537.18
309 633 8 4,543.80
369 1,065 24 6,863.29
315 1,050 6 5,882.17
499 1, 524 19 8,826.80
4, 502 6,451 138 19,101.11
4
RESUME
Pending June 30, 1935................................................ 6,810
Presented uuring fiscal year 1935-36.................... 6,413 13,223
Disposed of during fiscal year................................ 6,280
Pending June 30, 1936................................................ 6,943 13,223
Appeals taken............................................ ■................... 221
Amount of fees and costs collected................ $58,449.12
134 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
C R IM IN A L C A SE S D IS P O S E D O F B Y T H E D IS T R IC T C O U R T S D U R IN G F IS C A L Y E A R 1935-1936
poioonoo
sjsoa pun sang jo junotuy
$1, 340.01
3,648.54
2,294.26
3, 385.43
2,530.10
1, 526.01
3, 635.18
6,040.29
$24,399.82
M IS D E M E A N O R S
■jmo0 amajdng oj sjBaddy rr--4O CttMi Cr-O4 CONiQCrO-4C COO CO r-4
moj,
198
311
146
141
242
140
162
284
1, 624
9S6I ‘OS aanf 3utpua-rH-£ §|§ §
In A guadilla 14 felony cases of those pending Ju n e 30, 1935 w ere reduced to m isdem eanors.
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 135
R E S U M E O F N E W P R O P E R T IE S , S A L E S , M O R T G A G E S A N D C A N C E L L A T IO N S , F IS C A L Y E A R 1935-1936
(1) N E W P R O P E R T IE S
1 000*001$ ma q | :
000*001$ O')
000*93$ uiojg
pq
000 *93$ 01
000*01$ uioj j
P
p
p
000 ‘01$ 0}
000*9$ uioj j
2
PS
p > 000 ‘9$ o;
000*1$ uiojg
000*1$ oi
009$ uio-ij
co
009$ oi dg 5
000 ‘001$ -io ao
000*001$ 0}
000*93$ uiojg
2
Z
p K
000 ‘93$ oi
000*0!$ moij
<
P
P 000 ‘01$ oi
000*9$ uioj j
s
Q
nJ
> 000 ‘9$ 01
000*1$ oiojg
00
SSV
000*1$ 0}
009$ uioig
p
Q p 009$ oi dg §
<1
PS
p
000*1 »AO
PS 000 ‘1 oi
009 tuoig
2
“co c3
009 oi
001 uio-tg
s
3o Q
001 oi
09 rnoig
3
AREA (
09 oi sc uioig s
93 oi oi tuoig a
01 0} 9 uiorg 00
CM
9 oi dg 3
'**
siuog 3
Z
VALUE
D ollars
1, 613, 593
W
PpS
SuidnoJf) Xg s
uoiie39i29s Xg
CM
CM
suoijdiMstg [BUlSlJQ p
sinog 3
VALUE
D ollars
10,411, 065
P -< S^JBd
[BUOipEJJ
CM
CO
o>
<4
PS
P
PS
PS
C uerdas
ccoo
Suidnoig Xg
05
QO
notiBSaiSag Xg
CM
suopduosui iBuixhJO c'oo
000*001$-wao 1 :
000 *001$ O)
000*93$ tuoig
CO
000*93$ O)
000*01$ moig
»Q
P3
PP
000*01$ oi
000*9$ nioig
OI
PS
p
<1
> 000 ‘9$ oi
000*1$ uioj j
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000*1$ oi
009$ uioj j
§
009$ oi dg
1282
000*001$ J9ao
z o
000*001$ oi
000 ‘93$ uioig
co
< p
000 ‘93$ 01
000‘01$ nioig
S
oP
p
p<<
000 *01$ oi
000 *9$ raoig
UO
CO
iOnT
<1
> 000 ‘9$ 0}
000*1$ tuoig
CD
ID
p
o 000*1$ oi
009$ moig
CT»
05
p 009$ oi dg
1623
PS
p 000*1 JOAO
CD
PS 000*1 oi
009 raoig
CD
03
009 0}
001 raoig
CM
CM
CD
g
001 oi
09 uioig
CD
CO
ps
Dolls
16,335,
PS
p
sped oc
Q
PS w
PS
■<
lerdas
16, 092
Q
sorirodoig jo jgqum^ co
CM
o>
© jQquin^
5077
136 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
(2) A L IE N A T IO N S
(B ) Gratuitous Title
C L A S S IF IC A T IO N S
U R B A N
V A L U E
000'001$ J9aq
000 ‘001$
000'01$ oi 000'9$ uioj j §
000'9$ oi 000'1$ uioj j 3
000 ‘1$ oi 009$ moja ?-
009$ oi da co
co
V A L U E
S}U9O 22
D ollars
13, 635, 361 rreqia 2267 1705
D ocum
ents
joqumM
3452
JH9A
C L A S S IF IC A T IO N S
000'001$ joao w
000 ‘001$ 01 ooo ‘92$ moja CM
000 ‘92$ Ol ooo ‘01$ utojj O
000 ‘01$ 01 000 ‘9$ uioja «o
CM
000 ‘9$ Ol ooo ‘1$ UIOJJ
1359
000 ‘l$ 01 009$ uioj j CO
009$ oi da oo
Av e r a g e
jss iq ^ui jo
In stallm
ents
sq^uojv
SIE9A.
V A L U E
S1U93 co
o
D ollars
28, 231, 244
UBqiQ
2312
IBJUH CO
D ocum
ents
joquinx
'1314
JR9A
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 137
t>O
-CO
E x h ib it N o . 29—C ontinued
R E S U M E O F N E W P R O P E R T IE S , S A L E S , M O R T G A G E S A N D C A N C E L L A T IO N S , F IS C A L Y E A R 1935-1936
(5) L E A S E S
T erm s
sq^uojv
Y ears
A nnual C anon
A verage per
cuerda
SJU90 s
D ollars
00
SJUOQ
Cb
D ollars
280,598
Area
sjjBd jb uojjob jj ; CO
CO
00
C uerdas
12,966
setjjadojj jo jaqmn£j
00
JC-O1
C ontracts
jequinx;
CO
IO
Y ear
o
k J
Ph O
oJ
O2
o
Q
>
O
jsajajnt jo ejBH
SJJBd JBUOipBJJ
sirred jBuoipejjj
SJIIid JBUOIJOBJj[
SJJBd JBUOUOBJJ
sped jBnotpBJj S
saipadojj jo raquinjq
jaquinN
o
CCC 1
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its I
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tc««
occi
— - — —
. - — — c?c«
9ZCI
f'
✓ zrti
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- — • — —
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— — ____ ■ — — — — —* — - — — tts>
— — — — ' -*• — •w ——
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- — — — — - — — Zl«l
OOOOOO OOOOQOOOO
1
Exh ib it No . 33
Exh ibi t No . 34
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 145
Exh ib it No . 35.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF THE BUREAU OF INSULAR TELEGRAPH
1935-36
Revenues:
Service rendered to the public_________________ $164, 318. 05
Government messages at half-rates_____________ 25 272. 91
Free messages------------------------------------------------- 99, 349. 49
Free telephone service to the Government_______ 5, 516. 37
------------------ $294, 456. 82
Disbursements:
Maintenance and operation____________________ $190 268. 81
Salaries and other expenses paid out of “Extern '
sion, Maintenance and Operation” Trust Fund— 16, 977. 50
------------------ 207, 246. 31
Net income. $87, 210. 51
146 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhi bi t No . 36
YEARLY PRODUCTION OF THE INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM
POWER PURCHASED FROM CENTRAL AGUIRRE SUGAR- CO
POWER PURCHASED FROM
POWER PURCHASED FROM
POWER PURCHASED FROM
POWER PURCHASED FROM ISABELA.
POWER GENERATED BY CARITE PLANTS NO I <2
L.05SES UP TO SWITCHBOARDS AT SUBSTATIONS
9
SOUTH PUERTO RICO SUGAR
PONCE ELECTRIC CO -
MAYA6UEE L.P. i I. CO.
POWER PURCHASED FROM CAYEY
POWER PURCHASED FROM P. R.R.L. 4 R CO
ROWER GENERATED BY TORO NEGRO. PLANT
S
2
1513-16 16-IT H-» B-13 13-20 20-a 21 22 22-21 23M 2*25 25 26 2Sr2T 2T-28 »2» 2»O 30-« »-» »-•» »'» M1<>
?6 -------
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 147
SUGAR PRODUCTION IN PUERTO RICO
Exhibit No . 37
Crop Year
Production
(tons of 2,000
lbs.)
Crop Year
Production
(tons of 2,000
lbs.)
1828.................................................................. 9,391 1883 Q7 OQK
1829.................................................................. 13,' 857 1884..................................................,
O/ t
109,198
1830.................................................................. 17,008 1885 Qft O5Q
1831.................................................................. 15^ 389 1886 7Ci 996
1832................................................................... 17^ 326 1887 .
< v, zyo
RQ 057
1833.................................................................. 17,139 1888 .
otf, uui
RQ 392
1834................................................................... 17,940 1889 70 117
1835................................................................... 21^ 928 1890 fid. Idd
1836................................................................... 24i 944 1891 53 014
1837................................................................... 22,827 1892 74 187
1838................................................................... 34, 569 1893 47 495
1839................................................................... 34,622 1894 63 3A1
1840................................................................... 40,896 1895 AR 073
1841................................................................... 42,278 1896 61 472
1842.................................................................. 45^ 953 1897 63 546
1843.................................................................. 35' 519 1898 AO 9R5
1844................................................................... 40^ 580 1899 3Q 9AA
1845................................................................... 46,452 1900..................................................... 81 526
1846................................................................... 43, 870 1901 103 1 69
1847.......................................................... 52 089 1902
JLUo, 1OZ
1 HO 67G
1848............................................................... 50 649 1903
1UU, O/O
130 no«
1849................................................................... 50, 371 1904
ioy, uyo
151 ORR
1850.................................................................. 56, 064 1905 214 480
1851................................................................... 59, 208 1906 206 RA4
1852................................................................... 46,815 1907 230 095
1853................................................................... 55,302 1908 277 093
1854................................................................... 53,935 1909 346 7R6
1855................................................................... 50^ 718 1910 349 R40
1856.................................................................. 58,' 468 1911 371 070
1957.................................................................. 43,195 1912 398 004
1858.................................................................. 61, 771 1913 351 666
1859................................................................... 44, 222 1914 346 490
1860................................................................... 58,007 1915 Q46 400
1861.................................................................. 65, 517 1916 4R3 5RQ
1862.................................................................. 64, 401 1917 503 OR1
1863................................................................... 58,122 1918 453 793
1864................................................................... 46 255 1919 406 009
1865................................................................... 60* 526 1920 4R5 077
1866.................................................. 55 679 1921 4Qi non
1867.......................................... 60*125 1922
‘ttfi, uuu
405 OOO
1868................................................................... 61, 707 1923 379 ooo
1869................................................................... 72' 475 1924 447 000
1870................................................................... 95,824 1925 660 003
1871................................................................... 103, 303 1926 603 1R7
1872................................................................... 89,059 1927 629 133
1873................................................................... 95, 260 1928 74R 677
1874................................................................... 77, 995 1929 5R6 760
1875................................................................... 81,096 1930 866* 109
1876................................................................... 72' 829 1931 783 163
1877................................................................... 61, 578 1932 . 922 335
1878................................................................... 83,416 1933 816’ 337
1879................................................................... 170, 679 1934 .................................. 1 103’822
1880................................................................... 110^ 847 1935 ............ ’773’ 021
1881............................................................... 63; 236 1936 926 344
1882................................................................... 92,115
Figures from 1828 to 1920—Sugar Producers’ Association.
Figures from 1921 to 1936—Department of Agriculture and Commerce.
148 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No . 38
STATISTICS OF SUGAR
Fiscal Year
Production
(tons of
2,000 lbs.)
Exportation
(tons of
2,000 lbs.)
(1)
Value of
Exportation
(Dollars)
(1)
Average
Value per
Exported
Ton
(Dollars)
(1)
Average
Value per
Exported lb.
(Cents)
(D
1901 ............................................ 103,152 68,909 4, 715, 611 68 432 3.42
1902.................................................... ICO, 576 91,912 5, 890, 302 64,086 3.20
1903 ............................... ................ 139,096 113,108 7, 470,122 66.044 3.30
1904 ............................ ............ 151,088 129, 647 8, 690, 814 67.034 3.35
1905 ................................................ 214,480 135, 663 11,925,804 87.907 4.39
1906 ............................ ............ 206,864 205, 277 14,184, 667 69.100 3.45
1907 ........................ .......... 230,095 204,079 14, 770, 682 72.377 3.61
1908 ........................................... 277,093 234, 607 18, 690, 504 79.667 3.98
1909 ............................................ 346, 786 244,257 18,432,446 75.463 3.77
1910 ........................................... 349,840 284, 522 23, 545,922 82.756 4.13
1911 ........................................ 371, 070 322,919 24, 479, 346 75.806 3.79
1912 ............................................ 398,004 367,145 31, 544, 063 85.917 4.29
1913 ................................................ 351, 666 382, 700 26, 619,158 69.556 3.47
1914 ........................................... 346,490 320, 633 20, 240, 333 63.126 3.15
1915 ............................................ 345,490 294,475 27, 278, 754 92.635 4.63
1916 ............................................... 483, 589 424, 955 45,809,445 107.798 5.38
1917 .............................. ................ 503,081 488,943 54, 015,903 110.474 5.52
1918 ............................................ 453, 793 336, 788 41,362, 229 122.813 6.14
1919 ............................... ................ 406, 002 351,910 48,132,419 136.774 6.83
1920 ............................................ 485,077 419, 388 98, 923, 750 235.876 11.79
1921 ........................................... 491,000 409,407 72,440,924 176.941 8.84
1922 ............................................ 405,000 469,889 40, 820, 333 86.872 4.34
1923.................................................... 379,000 355,423 46, 207, 276 130.006 6.50
1924 ........................................... 447,000 372, 041 47,838, 687 128.584 6.42
1925 ............................................ 660,003 571, 559 53, 261,895 93.187 4.65
1926.................................................... 603,187 578,811 48, 223, 258 83.314 4.16
1927 .............................................. 629,133 574, 689 54, 756,984 95.281 4.76
1928 .................................................. 748, 677 605, 620 54, 579,020 90.120 4.50
1929 ................................................ 586, 760 471, 269 35, 224, 056 74.742 3.73
1930 ................................................ 866,109 721, 217 53, 670,038 74.415 3.72
1931 ....................:......................... 783,163 806,826 54, 367,401 67.384 3.36
1932 ................................................ 992,335 912,169 55,118,211 60.425 3.02
1933 ................................................ 816, 337 822, 925 50, 780, 587 61.707 3.44
1934.................................................... 1,103,822 818, 903 54, 267,041 66.268 3.31
1935 ................................................ 773,021 755,445 47,837,114 63.323 3.16
1936.................................................... 926, 344 832, 723 60, 302, 741 72.416 3.62
Figures for Production from 1901 to 1920—Sugar Producers’ Association.
Figures for Production from 1921 to 1936—Department of Agriculture and Commerce.
(1) Information compiled from figures of the U. S. Customs House.
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 149
Exhib it No. 39
CANE SUGAR PRODUCTION OF PUERTO RICO AS COMPARED WITH THAT
OF THE WORLD AND CUBA
(Short Tons )
1903-1936
Crop Year
World’s
Production
Cuba’s
Production
Puerto Rico’s
Production
1903.......................................................................................... 4, 663, 614
4, 742, 263
5,146,156
7, 538, 905
8, 208, 835
7, 747, 783
8, 552,139
9, 329, 627
9, 433,141
10, 276,146
10,404, 333
10,977, 720
11, 399,484
11,889, 781
12, 691,838
13, 851, 687
13, 347, 662
13, 696, 620
13, 384, 062
14, 238, 379
14, 738, 862
15,945,478
17,802, 776
17,960, 807
18, 405, 294
19,114, 611
20, 307, 523
20, 416,992
19, 208, 502
19,958, 604
18,453,167
18, 324, 996
18,099,179
1,118,743
1,165,056
1, 302,849
1, 320,199
1, 598,994
1,077,393
1, 695, 212
2,020, 871
1,661,465
2,123, 502
2, 719, 961
2, 909,460
2, 903, 787
3,368,865
3, 386, 566
3, 859, 613
4, 448, 389
4,177, 686
4, 408, 365
4,475,953
4, 035, 259
4, 554, 639
5, 741, 086
5,470, 817
5,045, 282
4,493,123
5, 775,073
5, 231, 811
3, 496, 848
2,915, 208
2, 234,488
2, 593, 314
2,841,871
139, 096
151,088
214, 480
206, 864
230,095
277,093
346, 786
349, 840
371,070
398, 004
351, 666
346, 490
345, 490
483, 589
503,081
453, 793
406,007
485, 072
491, 000
405,000
379, 000
447, 000
660, 003
603,187
629,133
748, 677
586, 760
866,109
783,163
992, 335
816, 337
1,103, 822
773, 021
926, 344
1904................................................................
1905................................................................................
1906..............................................................................................
1907..............................................................................
1908..............................................................
1909........................................................................................
1910......................................................................
1911.......................................................
1912....................................................................
1913..............................................................................
1914...........................................................................
1915..............................................................
1916..........................................................................
1917............................................................
1918..................................................................................
1919..........................................
1920...................................................................................................
1921..............................................
1922........................................................................
1923..............................................................................
1924..................................................................
1925......................................................
1926..........................................................................
1927......................................................
1928..........................................................................
1929..................................................................................
1930......................................................................................
1931..........................................................................
1932..........................................................................................
1933...................................................................................
1934......................................................................................
1935..............................................................................
1936..............................................................................
Source: Report to the President on Sugar, U. S. Tariff Commission, Report No. 73, Second Series.
Department of Agriculture and Commerce. 1935 Manual of a sugar Company for 1935, Farr
and Co. N. Y.
Exhib it No . 40
COMPARATIVE STATISTICAL REPORT OF SUGAR MANUFACTURED IN PUERTO RICO
Cro ps of 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935 and 1936, Including Quanti ty of Can e Ground in 1936
Production given up to June 30, 1936.
Municipality Name of mill or
property
Name of owner
TOTAL CROP IN TONS (2,000 LBS.) Quantity of
_ cane ground
in 1936
1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 (in tons)
AdjiwtiA.s *Pellejas........................ Jorge Lucas P. Valdivieso.................... 455.82 592.37 485.53 916.09 1,000.00 1,170 01 1 292 70 1 351 80 1 145 25 1 438 67 17 508 1R
A (Til 9 fl 9. Coloso Central Coloso, Inc............................... 17,824.09 23,363.44 20,146.00 29,376.37 34768 63 35,970 00 28 517 09 37913 47 29 305 44 34 807 35 271 444 R7
Arccib^ Cambalache................. Central Cambalache, Inc...................... 25,530.00 30'263.00 23,577.00 29,251.00 30,280.00 40,809 50 33,663 37 44209 25 31 048 00 36 893 00 335 280 00
Do Los Canos................... Plazuela Sugar Co................................. 9,189.50 10,117.00 4,617.38 li;333.50 13;664.00 15,357 75 13 568 00 15959 88 9 988 38 15 527 48 13R 851 98
Arroyo Lafayette..................... Suers. C. y J. Fantauzzi...................... 17478.00 23,401.75 17,477.50 33;983.88 30,852.88 36,946 13 36 327 25 37212 50 26 188 13 31 526 33 248 R97 00
13 ar colon pf a , Plazuela ........... Plazuela Sugar Co., Inc....................... 19,211.25 18,624.00 13,278.25 18;079.00 17320.75 27,993 88 19 959 88 27 428 13 16 640 25 20 922 59 IQfi 81 5 70
B ay am on Juanita ...................... Central Juanita, Inc.............................. 9,207.63 9,333.63 9,381.13 3;293.75 11,278.72 14,525 75 7 698 50 15331 00 10 340 00 14 798 00 128 78R 00
Caguas ......... Santa Juana............... United Porto Rican Sugar Co., P. R... 11,880.00 6,715.34 10,805.86 15;537.52 9300.90 14 ,'629.26 6,126 80 15’831 79 12 226 86 12 928 91 104 132 98
Do Defensa........................ United Porto Rican Sugar Co., P. R... 13,832.58 13,471.13 11,634.70 18,686.69 15,268.74 16 397.02 12,513 92 19 816 11 14’128 87 19 818 24 1R7 029 99
r?9rnil V Soller ........... Soller Suga Co., Inc............................ 1,271.65 1,617.15 1,666.25 2,441.95 3;708.25 4^82 70 4 862 00 5 694 00 5 926 13 5 937 63 48 845 78
Carolina Victoria ................ Central Victoria, Inc............................. 10,163.25 11,606.26 10,850.13 14;707.00 14,248.50 20,801 75 10 957 00 19339 99 13 820 40 16 917 43
TtO y . I O
141 '517 51
VPV....................... Cavev ............... United Porto Rican Sugar Co., P. R... 1,818.99 3,938.62 8,149.54 6;728.62 6,071 30 3 857 20 8 657 55 5 433 22 9 930 42 R1 .988 99
Fajardo Fajardo........................ Fajardo Sugar Co. of Porto Rico......... 43,927.00 48,679.00 38i918.64 57;531.00 54,334.00 74,521.90 39,716 00 82’942 00 54 229 41 67 944 97 5R3 R09 59
Guanica ............ Guanica Centrale....... South Porto Rico Sugar Co., P. R.... 93,031.00 111,338.75 101,307.00 118.109.00 95;290.00 128;621.75 138,411 60 150,040 07 96 669 70 107 900 06 841 5R8 1 5
Guavam a, Machete .................. Central Machete Co.............................. 19,142.97 21,171.90 13,373.00 25,465.75 22,783.00 25,038 60 22 461 88 26 282 00 23 652 52 21’371 00 169 549 OO
Do Guamanf ............... Suers, de Jose Gonzalez & Co., S. en C. 9389.62 7,607.05 13,482 25 15 247 87 15’689 25 8 760 82 12 450 88 Q7 989 17
Guayamll a . Rufina ............... Mario Mercado e Ilijos........................ 13,891.91 17,852.00 16,276.00 19;632.67 18,743.75 24,251 14 26 091 38 36 264 16 24 224 50 31 847 48 980 594 71
Do San Francisco............. A. Lluberas y Sobrinos......................... 4,035.00 6,404.55 5,157.41 7,178.45 6392.00 6,535 00 6 825 00 7705 00 5 258 00 6 ROR 09
y (JOT: . / 1
5A 709 no
Hormi tri i pros Eureka .................... Central Eureka, Inc.............................. 6,892.00 7,817.00 7;696.00 9317.00 10,844.10 11,978 37 11’127 00 14 571 63 9 784 50 11 94R 59
UU y I iJO . UU
Of) 417 1A
HumacA.o Ejemplo .................. Companfa Azucarera “El Ejemplo”..... 10,314.00 13,942.63 9,144.83 14,815.88 13;766.18 14,932.89 12 076 38 16 904 63 11 896 27 13 300 53
JU y Ttl 1 . 1U
119 £70 07
Do Pasto Viejo................. United Porto Rican Sugar Co., P. R... 13,037.47 18,106.26 14,686.16 36,704.06 29,397.14 14,467.75 23,372 94 40 850 52 28’788 15 37 409 54
± y Of V .\J 1
310 .507 07
JT d9 /1J7 1U1VJ .A....................... Santa Barbara............ Jayuya Development Co...................... 1,019.88 729.25 805.39 1,287.00 2,233.20 2,557 15 2 833 50 3 528 95 3999 41 3 477 00 91 OQO OO
Juana F)ia >z Boca Chica ............... Central Boca Chica, Inc....................... 9,280.63 13,850.00 10,145.25 14,696.38 15;223.38 17,945 88 18 525 50 19 028 06 14 904 63 18 228 9?
OIyUtfU.UU
108 850 50
Juncos ........... Juncos.......................... United Porto Rican Sugar Co., P. R. . 20,119.45 24,231.07 22,593.10 32;646.16 22,725.63 28,722.90 14,657 20 28 979 39 20 845 95 26 222 32
IVO y Ouu . t?U
225 543 00
Loiza Canovanas................... Lofza Sugar Company.......................... 23,951.00 28,550.00 18,621.86 27,717.97 23,249.00 35;968.80 18,189 56 44 573 52 27201 35 36’286 18 291 785 45
Manati Monserrate.................. Jaime y Federico Calaf Collazo........... 8,867.00 9,080.63 6,689.13 11,0-51.25 10,157.75 11,871.63 9,100 00 15’151 50 7433 63 14 777 28 130 509 39
M 9 V9 £Tl i P.7i Rochelaise................... Mayaguez Sugar Co., Inc.................... 6,590.00 7,775.00 7,716.00 8,600.00 9,327.00 11,223 87 11,346 00 13 863 00 8 656 00 9 598 37 78 894 OO
Do Igualdad...................... Central Igualdad, Inc........................... 6,178.00 7,412.00 7,477.00 8,050.00 7,888.24 10,094.56 11,370 62 15 .332 00 10 375 00 14 308 82
IOy . UU
118 501 70
Ponce Mercedita.................... Sucn. de J. SerralRs............................. 20,690.89 27,002.00 23,327.87 37,671.00 28,514.00 38,139 00 41,081 84 44’221 00 34’444 00 37 561 41 319 191 09
Do Constancia................... Corporacion Azucarera Sauri y Subira 3,934.00 6,630.75 5,308.76 7,871.25 9335.25 9,023.38 9,080 75 9 689 13 8 133 50 10 333 77 88 194 70
"Rin ’Pipdrs.s Vannina Central Vannina, Inc............................ 11,170.00 10,188.00 9,731.12 14,554.60 11,570.00 15,298 48 10 737 12 19 521 47 12’258 75 12 578 48 105 704 AA
Palin a,s Aguirre........................ Central Aguirre Sugar Company......... 61,574.68 79,899.00 51;972.00 78 352.00 65,674.00 73,188.00 72,166 00 76 342 00 66 291 00 61 260 00
1UO y 1 O'! . OO
450 771 00
Do Central Caribe Godreau, Godreau y Companfa........... 6,784.60 6,382 75 7 630 25 8 023 88 6 026 00 6 375 RO 51 475 90
San Sebastian Plata Plata Sugar Company, Inc.................. 2,768.00 3,159.85 3,675.38 4,043.75 6,527.38 7,923 25 8’125 00 11 656 00 9 294 64 11 435 50
Ol y *±1 O . OU
87 740 9A
Santa Isabel Central Cortada......... Central Aguirre Sugar Co.................... 13,616.13 21,030.00 ll^lO.OO 20;265.50 15350.25 24,672 00 25 187 50 26 088 00 21 506 00 20 7R8 35
OIy1TtU.OO
158 805 OO
Toa Baja. Constancia................... Companfa Azucarera del Toa.............. 17,070.00 16,155.00 14,210.00 22;562.00 18,351.00 24,416.00 17,520 00 29212 50 17 807 00 19 896 00
IVOyOUO.UU
179 989 87
A^ega Alta. Carmen Centrale........ Carmen Centrale, Inc........................... 11,429.00 12,729.50 9,138.00 16,423.00 15,794.00 18,620 00 13 482 00 17444 80 12 767 34 15 4R0 00
JL 1 4 , OOO . 0 |
195 588 Q8
Vpcrfl Raia . San Vicente................ Rubert Hermanos, Inc.......................... 18,157.12 21,555.00 18,211.00 23,154.62 22,642.75 31,765.63 25,579 74 33 055 60 9 138 44 31 204 40
1^0 y000.yo
940 949 51
Viph upr Playa Grande Benitez Sugar Co.................................. 8.116.38 13,088.00 4,907.25 7,144.15 8,084.42 8,991 75 6 149 63 8’882 38 5 549 18 9 341 00 80 877 47
Villalba Central Herminia....... Herminia C. Vda. Semidey.................. 1.609.00 1,767.00 1,410.31 1339.00 1,337.50 1,627.90 1,278 25 2 039 30 2 354 50 1 934 R5
OU y OI 1 . Tt|
17 094 90
Yabucoa...................
Total of sugar prod
Central Roig...............
need by factories which
The Yabucoa Sugar Co........................
ground cane prior to 1929.......................
19,585.00
12,294.50
25,782.63
9,486.75
15,513.56 28,102.57 31,069.60 31',779.89 28,767.13 34,282.38 23;809.02 29,747.73 255,556.37
Totals........... 627,592.94 747,845.08 585,047.62 865,351.80 783,295.27 986,107.52 827,481.35 1,100,909.59 762,400.44 923,018.74 7,592,201.48
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 1 51
Exhib it No. 41
STATISTICS OF TOBACCO
Year Acreage
Production
(lbs.)
Yield
per acre
(lbs.)
Average
price
received by
farmers
per lb.
(1)
1921............................. (1) 40,000 (1) 25 000 000 625 00 $ 2193
1922....................................... (1) 35,000 (1) 22 500 000 642 85 2476
1923............................................... (1) 41,500 (1) 26’ 000’ 000 626 50 2970
1924......................................... (1) 40,000 (D 25 000 000 625 00 2050
1925..................................... (2) 34,023 (2) 23 000’ 000 676 01 3107
1926............................................. (2) 58,000 (2) 36 000 000 620 68 391 5
1927......................................... (2) 81,900 (2) 50 000 000 610 50 2200
1928 ..................................... (2) 40,345 (2) 27 000’ 000 669 22 2500
1929............................................... (2) 39,075 (2) 28 000 000 716 57 2300
1930..................................................... (2) 43,312 (2) 32, 500’ 000 750 36 2800
1931..................................................... (2) 50,000 (D 37,300 000 746 00 2000
1932......................................... (2) 10,079 (1) 6 000 000 595 29 1500
1933................................................... (2) 25,300 (1) 16 783 000 663 35 1500
.1934........................................... (1) 45,500 (1) 25,000 000 .549 45 1700
1935........................................... (2) 38,000 (1) 22 500 000 592 10 2000
1936............................................... (2) 43,809 (2) 26,000, 000 593.48 (2) >2000
(1) Figures from the Commission for the Protection of P. R. Tobacco.
(2) Figures from the Department of Agriculture and Commerce.
Exhibit No . 42.
COFFEE PRODUCTION IN PUERTO RICO
Production
(lbs.)
44, 194, 219
38, 367, 875
25, 271, 306
28, 908, 342
34, 177,196
36, 334,570
39, 124, 692
32, 393, 259
18, 446, 602
5,351,599
6, 000, 000
10, 090, 219
11, 381, 096
9, 000, 000
8, 000, 000 1
20, 000, 000 1
Crop Year
1920-21_______________________________________
1921-22_______________________________________
1922-23_______________________________________
1923-24_______________________________________
1924-25_______________________________________
1925-26_______________________________________
1926-27_______________________________________
1927-28_______________________________________
1928-29_______________________________________
1929-30 ______________________________________
1930-31_______________________________________
1931-32_______________________________________
1932-33_______________________________________
1933-34_______________________________________
1934-35_______________________________________
1935-36_______________________________________
(’) Revised figures.
152 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhibit No . 43
DISTRIBUTION OF CULTIVATED AND NONCULTIVATED
AREA OF PUERTO RICO,
YEAR 1935.
Thousands
of acres
ABCDEFGHIJK
fl - PASTURE LANDS
B - TIMBER AND BRUSH
C - SUGAR CANE
9- COfFEE
i E - MINOR CROPS______ ____
f - tob a c c o
G - MARSH IAN OS
H - coc onu ts
!- ORANGES
H d - PINEAPPLES
K - OTHER LANDS
1
-I---1-- 1---■_ ■_ ML ■ .1..
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 153
Exhi bit No . 44
VALUE OF SUGAR, TOBACCO, FRUIT AND COFFEE EXPORTS FROM
PUERTO RICO, FISCAL YEARS 1901-1936.
aiuion
©A
DOLL AA3
JOO
■&0
■to
30
20
30
i
I
— 3U6DR.
TOBACCO
FXUIT
COFFIC
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 □
___
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
A
1
1
1
1
V \
—;
i
i
i'\!
1 ’ '
' /
1
!/
!/
V
'V ' 1I !l
1 1
1
i
t<
\l
1 X
V
/
J''
f
■ \ ( ! \ \ i * \ •
s--------
\
\
X.
) ; , \
3 $
154 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No. 45
VALUE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE INTO AND FROM
PUERTO RICO, FISCAL YEARS 1901-1936
Fiscal Year
Imports Exports
From the
United States
(dollars)
From Foreign
Countries
(dollars)
Total
(dollars)
To the
United States
(dollars)
To Foreign
Countries
(dollars)
Total
(dollars)
1901...................... 6,955,408
10,882,653
12, 245,845
11, 210,060
13,974,070
19, 224,881
25, 686, 285
22,677,376
23,618,545
27, 097, 654
34,671,958
38,470,963
33,155, 005
32,568,368
30,929,831
35, 892, 515
49, 539, 249
58,945, 758
57,889,085
90,724, 259
97, 074,399
57,400,028
64,743,462
80, 590, 021
79,349, 618
83, 046, 553
87, 046,319
79, 743, 088
85, 078, 596
73, 078,779
68,018,167
52,826,794
48,886,644
57, 503,315
63, 573, 573
77,176,472
1,952,728
2,326,057
2,203,441
1,958,969
2, 562,189
2, 602,784
3,580, 887
3,148,289
2,925,781
3, 537, 201
4,115,039
4,501,928
3, 745, 057
3,838,419
2,954,465
3,058, 641
4,005,975
4,443, 524
4, 502,275
5,664, 275
8,405, 304
6, 775,121
7,201,043
8, 779, 603
11,154,983
12, 211,711
11,764,431
12, 605, 312
12, 782,164
10,844,050
8,419, 243
8,454,307
5, 859,067
6,421,568
6,412,365
6,414,882
8,908,136
13,208,710
14,449,286
13,169,029
16, 536, 259
21,827, 665
29,267,172
25,825,665
26, 544,326
30, 634,855
38,786,997
42,972,891
36,900,062
36,406,787
33,884, 296
38,951,156
53, 545,224
63,389, 282
62, 391, 360
96,388, 534
105,479,703
64,175,149
71, 944, 505
89,369, 624
90, 504, 601
95, 258, 264
98, 810, 750
92,348,400
97, 860, 760
83,922,829
76,437, 410
61, 281,101
54,745, 711
63, 924,883
69,985,938
83, 591, 354
5, 581,288
8,377,766
11,051,195
11, 722,826
15, 633,145
19,142,461
22, 070,133
25,891, 281
26,394, 312
32,095,645
34,765,409
42,873,401
40, 538,623
34,423,180
42,311,920
60, 952,768
73,115, 224
65,514,989
71,015,351
133, 207, 508
103,388, 227
66,229,771
77, 007, 257
80, 754, 975
84, 411, 792
88,106, 570
100, 574, 001
96, 662, 619
76, 418, 210
95,097,640
94,876,997
83,645, 863
73,388, 298
83, 214,473
77, 602,195
96, 991,639
3,002,679
4, 056,190
4, 037,884
4, 543, 077
3,076,420
4,115, 069
4,926,167
4, 753, 209
3,996, 913
5,864, 575
5,152,968
6, 832, 012
8,564,942
8,679, 589
7, 044,987
5, 778,805
7,855, 693
8, 779,033
8,480,689
17, 603,941
8,890, 348
5,942, 800
5, 285,793
7, 525,565
10,407,152
10,618,281
7, 493,433
6,872,120
5,304, 660
4,468, 565
3, 523,930
2,771,075
2,018,157
2, 757, 501
2, 075,493
2,142, 285
8, 583,967
12, 433, 956
15, 089, 079
16, 265, 903
18, 709,565
23, 257,530
26,996,300
30, 644,490
30,391,225
37, 960,220
39, 918,377
49,705,413
49,103,565
43,102,769
49,356,907
66,731,573
80,970,917
74, 294, 022
79,496,040
150,811,449
112, 278,575
72,172,571
82, 293,050
88, 280,540
94,818,944
98, 724,851
108, 067,434
103, 534, 739
81, 722,870
99,566, 205
98,400,927
86, 416,938
75,406,455
85, 971, 974
79, 677,688-
99,133,924
1902......................
1903......................
1904......................
1905......................
1906......................
1907......................
1908......................
1909......................
1910....................
1911......................
1912......................
1913......................
1914......................
1915......................
1916......................
1917......................
1918......................
1919......................
1920......................
1921..................
1922....................
1923......................
1924......................
1925......................
1926....................
1927..................
1928......................
1929......................
1930......................
1931......................
1932 ....................
1933......................
1934......................
1935......................
1936......................
Source: Monthly Summaries of Foreign Commerce of the United States.
Annual Reports, Customs House.
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 155
Exhib it No. 46
POSITION OF PUERTO RICO IN THE TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES WITH
LATIN AMERICA
Calendar Years 1933. 1934 and 1935
IMPORTS INTO THE UNITED STATES
Countries 1933 1934 1935
1 Cuba................................................................................................... $58,497, 548 $78,928, 916 $104, 638, 523
2 Brazil . ............................................................................ 82, 628,106 91,484,306 99, 687,061
3 PUERTO RICO.......................................................................... 76, 211,940 81,184, 396 87, 726, 308
4 Argentina.......................................................................................... 33,841, 203 29, 487', 327 65; 408; 352
5 Colombia . .......................................................................... 47, 636, 597 47,115,152 50, 443,195
6 Mexico...............................*............................................................... 30; 716i 021 36, 495, 473 42, 325; 621
7 Chile ........................................................................ 11, 503,492 22, 909, 616 24, 091,023
8 Venezuela ...................................................................... 13, 450, 636 22,120, 365 21, 428, 443
9 Peru.................................................................................................... 5,472^ 219 6,190,-978 7; 453; 992
10 Uruguay............................................................................................ 3,772, 861 4, 711, 203 . 6, 887, 268
11 Honduras ...................................................................................... 7,046, 395 7, 790, 924 6, 337, 225
12 Guatemala ...................................................................... 3, 483, 802 4, 542, 552 6,144, 435
13 Panama.............................................................................................. 3,375, 574 4,186', 732 5; 113; 741
14 Dominican Republic................................................................... 3; 279, 352 3, 784, 939 4, 982, 872
15 El Salvador...................................................................................... 2,107, 850 2, 538', 983 4,934; 591
16 Ecuador . ...................................................................... 1,887, 905 3,098, 648 3, 265, 832
17 Costa Rica....................................................................................... 3, 943; 793 2, 101,810 3, 089; 140
18 Nicaragua........................................................................................ 2, 224, 718 1, 668, 286 2, 671, 326
19 Haiti.................................................................................................... 803, 681 1,223, 019 1,167, 454
20 Paraguay.... ......................................................................... ■ 261,931 403, 772 743, 381
21. Bolivia................................................................................................ 104; 575 151, 999 362, 500
EXPORTS FROM UNITED STATES
Countries 1933 1934 1935
1. PUERTO RICO.......................................................................... $51, 696, 988 $59, 477, 288 $70, 052,958
2. Mexico................................................................................................ 37, 520, 833 55,061, 282 65, 576, 275
3 Cuba................................................................................................... 25, 092, 862 45, 323, 374 60,152, 732
4 Argentina.......................................................................................... 36,937, 358 42, 687, 763 49, 288, 402
5 Brazil.................................................................................................. 29, 727, 826 40, 375, 070 43, 617, 614
6. Colombia........................................................................................... 14, 754,118 21, 942, 772 21, 636, 065
7. Panama.............................................................................................. 15; 88L 019 18, 335, 512 20,816,698
8. Venezuela.......................................................................................... 13, 114,810 19, 281, 247 18, 584, 054
9 Chile.. . . .......................................................................... 5,321, 490 12, 030, 334 15; 948, 889
10. Peru..................................................................................................... 4,985; 420 9,891,498 12,173, 947
11. Uruguay ........................................................................................... 3, 614,194 6,140, 456 6, 222,007
12. Honduras........................................................................................... 5,029, 785 5, 993, 332 5, 633, 026
13 Dominican Republic.................................................................... 5, 519, 561 5,819,915 4, 517, 553
14. Guatemala........................................................................................ 3,097; 498 4,069, 756 3; 917, 373
15. Haiti.................................................................................................... 3, 595, 006 3,435, 885 3, 251, 607
16. Ecuador............................................................................................. 1, 572, 754 2, 342, 613 2, 842,962
17. El Salvador...................................................................................... 2, 320, 377 3,130, 111 2, 830, 881
18. Bolivia................................................................................................ 2, 628, 664 5,118, 274 2, 829, 214
19. Nicaragua.......................................................................................... 2, 095, 702 2, 524, 491 2, 434, 383
20 Costa Rica....................................................................................... 2, 423,913 3,125, 508 2,321,629
21. Paraguay........................................................................................... 450, 653 646, 531 699, 593
Source: Monthly Summaries of Foreign Commerce of the United States, December 1934 and
December 1935.
Figures for 1933 and 1934 have been revised.
156 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No . 47
PUERTO RICO’S PLACE IN THE EXTERIOR TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES
Cal en da r Years 1933, 1934 and 1935
SHIPMENTS FROM THE UNITED STATES
SHIPMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES
Countries 1933 1934 1935
1 United Kingdom........................................................................... $311,731, 763 $382, 748, 926 $433, 384, 884
2 Canada............................................................................................... 210, 651,312 302', 433' 260 323,190, 991
3 Japan................................................................................................... 143, 434, 584 210, 480,173 203, 260,465
4 France................................................................................................. 121,710; 555 115,’703,'916 116, 920, 014
5 Germany............................................................................................ 140^023j797 108^ 738^ 464 91, 662, 317
6 Hawaii................................................................................................ 57,894', 488 63,472, 395 78, 924,776
7 Italy..................................................................................................... 6L 239, 586 • 64, 577’707 72,450, 043
8 PUERTO RICO ........................................................................ 5L 696' 988 59’ 477’ 288 70, 052, 958
9 Mexico................................................................................................ 37, 520,833 55’ 061’ 282 65,576,275
10 Cuba.................................................................................................... 25,' 092,' 862 45,' 323,' 374 60,152, 732
11 Belgium., ................................................................................. 43, 267, 556 50, 005,704 58, 207, 891
12. Australia............................................... .......................................... 26,283,730 43,228, 704 57, 088,464
13 Union of South Africa................................................................ 22, 050,312 45', 350' 316 52, 864, 813
14 Philippine Islands......................................................................... 44,’ 781,' 832 47,128, 516 52, 595, 312
15. Argentina................................ .......................................................... 36' 927', 358 42, 68L 763 49,288,402
Countries
1. Canada....................
2. United Kingdom.
3. Japan........................
4. British Malaya...
5. Cuba.........................
6. Brazil........................
7. Hawaii.......................
8. Philippine Islands
9. PUERTO RICO..
10. Germany.....................
11. Argentina..................
12. British India...........
13. China............................
14. France..........................
15. Colombia....................
1933 1934 1935
$185, 408,850 $231, 695, 583 $286, 220, 771
111, 218,130 115,357, 580 155,322, 776
128,417,982 119,251,106 152, 886, 270
59,912,368 105,498, 852 129,159, 923
58,497,548 78,928,916 104, 638, 523
82,628,106 91, 484, 306 99, 687, 061
92, 276, 992 94, 513,699 98, 695, 969
93, 047, 796 87,811,089 96, 827, 563
76,211,940 81,184, 396 87, 726, 308
78,184, 540 68,805,488 77, 741,474
33,841, 203 29, 487,327 65,408, 352
43,758,759 55, 082, 367 64, 403, 655
37, 806, 758 43,932, 503 64, 164, 486
49, 701, 854 61,037, 255 58, 332, 861
47, 636, 597 47,115,152 50,443, 195
Source: Monthly Summaries of Foreign Commerce of the United States, December 1934 and
December 1935.
Figures for 1933 and 1934 have been revised.
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 157
Exhibit No . 48
Comm erce of Puerto Rico
1935-1936
ANNUAL TRADE BALANCE OF PUERTO RICO FROM 1901 AND SHARE OF THE
UNITED STATES IN THE COMMERCE OF THE ISLAND
Year Imports Exports
Balance Share
of the
United
States
(Percentage)
In favor
of
Puerto Rico
Against
Puerto Rico
.........................$...8..,.9. 08,136 $8, 583,967 $324,169 71.670
1Q09. ................................ 13,208,710 12,433,956 774,754 75.110
1903 .......................... 14,449, 286 15,089, 079 $639,793 79.237
1904 ............................ 13,169,029 16, 265,903 3,096,874 77.910
1905 ................................ 16, 536,259 18, 709, 565 2,173,306 84.002
1900 .............................. '21,827, 665 23,257, 530 1, 429, 865 85.099
1QO7 .............................. 29, 267,172 26,996,300 2, 270,872 84.879
1 qor ........................... 25, 825,665 30,644,490 4,818,825 86.007
1QOQ ............................ 26, 544,326 30,391,225 3, 846, 899 87.841
1910 ................................ 30, 634,855 37,960, 220 7,325,365 86.293
1911 .............................. 38,786,997 39,918,377 1,131,380 88.224
1912 ................................ 42,972, 891 49, 705,413 6,732, 522 87.770
19m ................................ 36, 900, 062 49,103, 565 12, 203, 503 85.686
1914 ................................ 36,406,787 43,102,769 6,695,982 84.255
191^ .................................. 33,884,296 49,356,907 15,472,611 87.987
191R .................................... 38,951,156 66,731, 573 27,780,417 91.637
1917 .................................... 53, 545, 224 80,970,917 27,425,693 91.181
191g ................................ 63,389, 282 74, 294, 022 10,904,740 90.396
1910 .......................... 62,391,360 79,496,040 17,104, 680 90.849
1990 ............................ 96,388,534 150,811,449 54,422,915 90.587
1921 .............................. 105,479, 703 112,278,575 6, 798,872 92.057
1999 ................................. 64,175,149 72,172, 571 7,997,422 90.672
1923 .................................................. 71,944, 505 82, 293,050 10,348, 545 91.904
1994 ................................... 89,369,624 88,280, 540 ...........1..,. .0..8..9..,. .0..8.4 90.821
1925 .................................. 90, 504, 601 94, 818,944 4,314,343 88.369
192fi ................................ 95,258; 264 98,724,851 3,466,587 88.230
I99.7 ................................ 98,810,750 108,067,434 9, 256, 684 90.691
192R ................................ 92,348; 400 103, 534,739 11,186, 339 90.056
199,9 ............................ 97,860,760 81,722,870 16,137,890 89.928
1920 .......................... 83,922, 829 99, 566, 205 15, 643, 376 91.654
1931 ............................ 76; 437,410 98,400,927 21,963, 517 93.169
1932 ........................ 61, 281,101 86,416,938 25,135,837 92.399
1933 ........................... 54, 745, 711 75,406,455 20, 660,744 93.947
1934 ........................ 63,924,883 85,971,974 22,047,091 93.876
I935 ........................................ 69,985,938 79, 677, 688 9,691, 750 94.328
1936 83,591,354 99,133,924 15, 542, 570 95.316
Information compiled from figures of the U. S. Customs House.
158 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhi bi t No. 49
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM PUERTO RICO TO THE UNITED STATES,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Total Value .................................................................................. -- ---- -—.-- --------- 96, 991, 639
Fore ign Mer cha ndi se ......................................................... 15, 890 —
United States Prod ucts Ret urn ed ................................... __________ ... 1, 136, 289
Puert o Rican Produ cts ........................................................... 95, 839,460
Hides and Skins :
Cattle.................................................................................................... Lb................ 1, 840, 472 104, 929
Goat...................................................................................................... Lb................ 26, 144 9, 064
Beeswax............................................................................................... Lb................ 25, 669 4, 762
Vegetab les :
Fresh....................................................................................................... Lb.................. 4, 658, 830 177,132
Other (canned, dried, etc.)........................................................... Lb.................. 481, 819 26, 042
Frui ts .................................................................................................
Fresh:
Citrons...............................................................................................
2, 674, 240
Lb.................. 929, 068 32, 319
Grapefruit......................................................................................... Boxes............ 355, 664 788, 930
Oranges.............................................................................................. Boxes............ 4, 562 9,473
Pineapples........................................................................................
Other fresh fruits.......... .
Boxes............ 521, 016 1, 183, 424
5, 807
Prepared or preserved:
Grapefruit......................................................................................... Lb.................. 8, 212, 757 522, 762
Pineapples........................................................................................ Lb.................. 1, 882, 116 119, 359
Other prepared or preserved fruits....................................... Lb.................. 81, 099 12,166
Coconuts in the shell...................................................................... M................... 12, 908 325, 718
Cacao beans......................................................................................... Lb.................. 51, 464 6,453
Coff ee :
For export............................................................................................ Lb.................. 2, 231,165 456, 705
Other...................................................................................................... Lb.................. 62, 921 9, 171
Ginger root, not prepared................................................................. Lb.................. 76, 765 3, 043
Sugar ........................A ....................................... 1,099 lb........ 1, 665, 446 60, 302, 741
Unrefined..............................................................................................
———
1, 009 lb........ 1, 439, 697 50, 387. 613
Refined.................................................................................................. 1, 000 lb........ 225, 749 9, 915, 128
Molasses..................................................................................................... Gal................ 32, 616, 944 1, 541, 357
Honey........................................................................................... _........... Lb.................. 1, 473, 282 91, 314
Fruit juice................................................................................................ Gal................ 160, 242 107, 675
Rum............................................................................................................ Gal................. 186, 262 1, 040, 409
Other beverages.................,............................................................... .. Gal................. 9, 480 9, 175
Veget able Oils :
Bay oil................................................................................................... Lb.................. 15, 928 16,116
Other vegetable oils.......... .............................................................. Lb.................. 11, 447 10, 526
Seeds, except oilseeds.......................................................................... Lb.................. 31, 380 1,806
Bulbs, roots, trees, plants, etc................................................... ... Lb.................. 128, 273 24, 531
Tobacco and Manufac tur es .................................................... 10, 368, 680
———
Leaf, unstemmed........................................................................... Lb.................. 82, 490 21,087
Leaf, stemmed................................................................................ Lb.................. 18, 533, 313 8, 655, 588
Stems, scrap and trimmings....................................................
Manufactures:
Lb.................. 4, 540, 799 576, 963
Cigars and cheroots..................................................................... M................... 53, 297 1, 095, 203
Cigarettes.......................................................................................... M................... 3, 760 18, 377
Other tobacco manufactures.................................................... Lb.................. 2, 493 1,462
Cotton Manufacture s ............................................................... 15, 737, 269
Wearing apparel:
Women’s:
Dresses, skirts and waists..................................................... Doz................ 570, 309 4,155,137
Underwear.................................................................................... Doz................ 52, 599 256, 280
Children’s dresses......................................................................... Doz................ 533,067 1, 862, 097
Men’s and boys’ clothing.......................................................... Doz................ 139, 970 836, 095
Night gowns and pajamas........................................................ Doz................ 1, 875, 541 7, 183, 941
Handkerchiefs..................................................................................... Doz................ 1, 687, 774 934, 176
Bridge sets............................................................................................ Doz................ 19, 922 83,851
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 159
Exhi bit No . 49—Continued
■SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM PUERTO RICO TO THE UNITED STATES,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity. Dollars
•Cotton Manu fa ctu res —Continued
Luncheon cloths, table covers and scarfs.......................... Doz................
Doz................
Doz................
21, 254
16,936
37, 536
145, 059
Towels....................................................................................................
Sheets and pillow cases..................................................................
Other cotton manufactures...........................................................
124, 844
88,835
Line n Manufacture s .................................................................. 1,190,870
Wearing apparel.................................. ..........................................
1, 084, 060
18, 828
6,744
Handkerchiefs.....................................................................................
Bridge sets............................................................................................
Doz................
Doz................
1,087, 364
93, 802
Luncheon cloths, table covers and scarfs..............................
Other linen manufactures..............................................................
Doz................ 102 510
2,450
---------------------
Hats of straw or fiber......................................................................... Doz................ 51, 706 333,433
Silk Manufa ct ure s ...................................................................... 450, 284
Dresses................................................................................................... Doz................ 24,072 332, 670
Underwear............................................................................................
Other silk manufactures................................................................
Doz................ 10, 687 116, 634
980
Wood and manufactures.................................................................... 775
Mangan es e Ore :
Tons..............
Tons..............
Manganese content..........................................................................
Gross weight.......................................................................................
1, 563
3,125 107, 946
Scrap metals............................................................................................ Lb.................. 717, 211 52, 618
Medicinal and pharmaceutical preparations............................
Gal................. 1, 573, 723
15, 832
Alcohol....................................................................................................... 507, 296
Bay rum.................................................................................................... Gal................ 2,101 3, 286
Printed matter....................................................................................... 6, 872
Buttons—pearl or shell....................................................................... 127, 287
Household and personal effects......................................................
Gross............. 65, 277
20,153
.All other articles.................................................................................... 35, 960
Gol d and Silver ........................................................................... 1,000
Silve r Coin ...................................................................................... 1,000
160 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No . 50
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM THE UNITED STATES TO PUERTO RICO,.
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
, Articles Unit Quant ity Dollars
Total Value ................................................................................... 77,176,472’
Group 00.................................................................................................. 8, 756,861
Anim als , Edible ............................................................................. 29,305
Cattle...................................................................................................... No.................. 271 24,896
Other live animals, edible............................................................ 4, 409
Meat Products .............................................................................. Lb.................. 28,460, 066 4, 323, 584
Beef and veal:
Fresh or frozen............................................................................... Lb.................. 429, 045 82,377
Pickled or cured............................................................................
Pork:
Lb.................. 50, 313 8,354
Loins and other, fresh or frozen............................................ Lb.................. 176, 210 34, 917
Hams and shoulders, cured..................................................... Lb.................. 5, 799, 094 1, 057,144
Bacon.................................................................................................. Lb.................. 505, 220 75,437
Other pork, pickled or salted................................................. Lb.................. 10,312, 510 1,260, 238
Mutton and lamb............................................................................. Lb.................. 57, 834 12, 078
Sausage, not canned........................................................................ Lb.................. 1, 836, 587 363,507
Canned meats:
Beef...................................................................................................... Lb.................. 4, 558,189 863, 014
Pork..................................................................................................... Lb.................. 225, 922 64,184
Sausage............................................................................................... Lb.................. 1,055, 531 193, 578
Other canned meats..................................................................... Lb.................. 584, 352 125,757
Poultry and game, fresh................................................................ Lb.................. 79, 218 21,190’
Sausage ingredients, salted or otherwise cured...................... Lb.................. 2, 696, 790 147, 158
Other meats and sausage casings............................................... Lb.................. 93, 251 14, 651
Animal Oils and Fats , Edibl e ............................................... Lb.................. 20,481, 656 2,769,310
Lard......................................................................................................... Lb.................. 19, 060, 763 2, 571, 566
Oleomargarine of animal or vegetable fats.................. .. Lb.................. 1, 415, 076 196,734
Other animal oils and fats, edible............................................ Lb.................. 5,817 1, 01O>
Dairy Products .............................................................................. Lb.................. 9, 249, 327 1,325,296
Milk and cream:
Condensed (sweetened)............................................................... Lb.................. 257, 384 33, 765.
Evaporated (unsweetened)....................................................... Lb.................. 5, 717, 549 458,413
Dried................................................................................................... Lb.................. 649, 071 170,634
Butter..................................................................................................... Lb.................. 877, 636 299,559'
Cheese..................................................................................................... Lb.................. 1, 526,804 296,147
Infants’ foods, malted milk, etc................................................. Lb.................. 220, 883 66,778
Fis h ...................................................................................................... Lb.................. 3,619, 064 247, 216
Salted, pickled, or dry-cured:
Cod, haddock, hake, pollock, cusk...................................... Lb.................. 602, 006 33,749
Other...................................................................................................
Fish, canned:
Lb.................. 354, 953 18,880
Salmon............................................................................................... Lb.................. 665, 202 56,779
Sardines............................................................................................. Lb.................. 1, 805, 273 111,821
Mackerel............................................................................................ Lb.................. 73, 762 4, 344
Shellfish............................................................................................. Lb.................. 56,404 12,655
Other canned fish.......................................................................... Lb.................. 8,149 2,521
Other fish and fish products........................................................ Lb.................. 53, 315 6,467
Eggs in the shell.................................................................................... Doz................ 175, 414 47, 607
Other animal products, edible......................................................... 14, 543
Group 0..................................................................................................... 3,131,817
Leather .............................................................................................. 76, 234
Upper leather:
Cattle side upper...........................................................................
Sq. ft............
11,654
Goat and kid (including glazed kid).................................. 130, 874 13, 159
Other upper leather..................................................................... Sq. ft............ 88, 124 11, 086
Patent upper leather...................................................................
Other leather and tanned skins.................................................
Sq. ft............ 222, 563 34, 015
6,320
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 161
Exhi bi t No . 50—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM THE UNITED STATES TO PUERTO RICO,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 0—Continued
Leath er Manufact ures ............................................................. 2,890,149
Boots and shoes:
Athletic and sporting.................................................................. Pairs.............. 7,665 11, 582
Men’s and boys’............................................................................ Pairs.............. 937, 168 1, 265, 705
Women’s and misses’.................................................................. Pairs.............. 1, 226, 818 1, 216, 510
Children’s and infants’............................................................... Pairs.............. 297,440 203, 079
Slippers and other footwear......................................................... Pairs.............. 54, 599 25,957
Leather belting................................................................................... Lb.................. 11,666 18, 038
Harness and saddles......................................................................... 16, 090
Handbags, pocketbooks, purses, card cases, brief cases,
and similar articles....................................................................... No.................. 123,845 49,117
Other leather manufactures.......................................................... 84,071
Fish oils..................................................................................................... Lb.................. 107, 245 9,904
Other animal oils and greases, inedible...................................... Lb.................. 43,838 6,824
Horses......................................................................................................... No.................. 24 9,900
Glue of animal origin........................................................................... Lb.................. 43, 658 8, 604
Other animals and animal products, inedible......................... .......................... 130,202
Group 1..................................................................................................... _____________ ____________ 17, 761,068
Grai ns and Pre parat ions ......................................................... , 12,294, 851
Corn......................................................................................................... 56 lb. bu.... 18,494 16, 846
Corn meal............................................................................................. 196 lb. bbl... 82,860 329,106
Corn cereal foods, ready to eat.................................................. Lb.................. 92,394 12,156
Oats.......................................................................................................... 32 lb. bu.... 122, 670 56, 543
Oatmeal, groats, and rolled oats................................................ Lb.................. 1, 280,302 127, 319
Rice.......................................................................................................... Lb.................. 216, 045,215 8,999,312
Rice screenings, broken rice, rice flour and meal.................. Lb.................. 355, 000 10,134
Wheat flour..........................................................................................
Biscuits and crackers:
196 lb. bbl... 388,465 2, 210,336
Not sweetened or flavored........................................................ Lb.................. 1, 627, 248 235,360
Sweetened or flavored................................................................. Lb.................. 1, 540,333 206, 620
Macaroni, spaghetti, and noodles............................................. Lb.................. 876, 355 59, 637
Wheat cereal foods............................................................................ Lb.................. 142, 797 14, 929
Cereal foods, n. e. s........................................................................... Lb.................. 43, 789 6,905
Other grains and preparations..................................................... .......................... 9, 648
Fodde rs and Fee ds ...................................................................... Tons.............. 17,122 643, 501
Hay.......................................................................................................... Tons.............. 167 3,203
Oil cake and oil-cake meal........................................................... Tons.............. 551 17, 248
Mixed dairy feeds............................................................................. Tons.............. 11, 277 435, 537
Mixed poultry feeds......................................................................... Tons.............. 1, 695 70, 248
Other prepared and mixed feeds............................................... Tons.............. 270 i 1, 228
Other feeds, bran, middlings, etc.............................................. Tons.............. 3,162 106, 037
Vege tab le s and Pre parat ions ............................................... .......................... 2, 602, 673
Beans, dried......................................................................................... Lb.................. 29,405,948 1,123,916
Peas, dried............................................................................................
Vegetables, fresh:
Lb.................. 4,387,458 210, 643
Beans................................................................................................... Lb.................. 441, 524 21,514
Onions................................................................................................. Lb.................. 9,115,166 170, 625
Potatoes, white............................................................................... Lb.................. 46,370,665 490, 736
Other fresh Vegetables................................................................. 29,121
Vegetables, canned........................................................................... Lb.................. 2,405, 676 193, 042
Asparagus.......................................................................................... Lb.................. 95,972 18, 266
Corn..................................................................................................... Lb.................. 204,890 13,427
Peas..................................................................................................... Lb.................. 307, 514 25, 557
Soups................................................................................................... Lb.................. 649,093 58, 226
Tomatoes........................................................................................... Lb.................. 457, 054 21,833
Other canned vegetables............................................................ Lb.................. 691,153 55,733
Pickles..................................................................................................... Lb.................. 76,809 8, 963
Ketchup and tomato sauces........................................................ Lb.................. 2,461,888 161, 228
Other sauces and relishes.............................................................. Lb.................. 369,369 61,859
Vinegar................................................................................................... Gal................. 73,340 28,860
Yeast....................................................................................................... Lb.................. 600, 684 83,838
Other vegetable preparations....................................................... 18,328
162 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhi bi t No . 50—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM THE UNITED STATES TO PUERTO RICO,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 1—Continued
Fruit s and Nuts ............................................................................ 407, 834
Fresh fruits:
58, 078
Grapes................................................................................................ Lb.................. 529,842 43, 585
Lb.................. 368, 667 22,460
Other fresh fruits...........................................................................
Dried and evaporated fruits......................................................... Lb.................. 1,185,444 68,403
Dates................................................................................................... Lb.................. 120,465 13,334
Lb.................. 438, 211 21, 573
Lb.................. 576,211 27, 390
Other................................................................................................... Lb.................. 50, 557 6,106
Canned fruits........................................... ••........................................ Lb.................. 1,490, 739 150, 026
Peaches............................................................................................... Lb.................. 382,454 32, 520
Pears................................................................................................... Lb.................. 580, 396 57, 326
Fruits for salad.............................................................................. Lb.................. 282,860 34, 607
Other canned fruits...................................................................... Lb.................. 245, 029 25, 573
Preserved fruits, jellies and jams.............................................. Lb.................. 88,321 12, 509
Other fruit preparations................................................................. Lb.................. 57,643
137, 266
9, 360
Nuts......................................................................................................... 21, 486
Veget able Oil s and Fats , Edibl e ........................................ Lb.................. 7, 247, 842 617,119
Coconut oil, edible........................................................................... Lb.................. 2, 520, 837 197, 550
Cottonseed oil, refined.................................................................... Lb.................. 163, 522 16, 674
Soy bean oil......................................................................................... Lb.................. 455, 783 38,489
Corn oil....................................... •........................................................ Lb.................. 100, 109 12,389
Cooking fats other than lard...................................................... Lb.................. 3, 657, 845 322,467
Other edible vegetable oils and fats........................................ Lb.................. 349, 746 29, 550
Cocoa, powdered.................................................................................... Lb.................. 306,377 29, 393
Chocolate, including sweetened...................................................... Lb.................. 404,243 122, 025
Lb.......... . 18,948
Lb.................. 422,106 36, 775
Sugar and Rel at ed Products :
Sugar, refined...................................................................................... Lb.................. 88, 416 5, 028
Molasses and sirups......................................................................... 13, 235
Confectionery:
Chocolate........................................................................................... Lb.................. 676,497 131, 070
Other................................................................................................... Lb.................. 1,610,483 206, 259
Chewing gum...................................................................................... Lb.................. 169,778 57,465
Beverag es ......................................................................................... 588,022
—--------------- -------
Malt extract and malt sirup....................................................... Lb.................. 215, 909 16,174
Malt liquors......................................................................................... Gal................. 260,967 175, 097
Distilled liquors................................................................................. Pf. gal.......... 6,002 22,163
Wines...................................................................................................... Gal................. 181, 968 117, 580
Mineral waters, natural and artificial....................................... Gal................. 14, 595 12, 367
Fruit juices, sirups and flavors for beverages...................... Gal................ 84, 645 99,119
Other beverages................................................................................. Gal................. 195,410 145, 522
Other vegetable food products........................................................ 3,068
Group 2..................................................................................................... 4, 575, 235
Rubber and Manuf actures ..................................................... 906,121
. -----,—--—--- ----- --------- ------------
Rubberized automobile cloth, piece goods, and hospital
sheeting............................................................................... Sq. yd.......... 35, 754 13,825
Rubber footwear:
Boots and shoes............................................................................. Pairs.............. 6,811 4,044
Canvas shoes with rubber soles............................................. Pairs.............. 123,928 59,114
Rubber soles and heels.................................................................. Doz. prs.... 40, 646 24, 235
Druggists’ rubber sundries............................................................ 28, 379
Rubber balloons, toys and balls................................................ 17,184
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 163
Exhi bit No . 50—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM THE UNITED STATES TO PUERTO RICO,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 2—Continued
Rubb er and Manu fa ctu res —Continued
Tires:
Truck and bus casings............................................................. No.................. 8,434
53, 929
43, 677
4,414
211
150, 087
423, 648
61, 743
10, 358
4, 926
6, 771
19,198
29, 506
14, 459
38, 644
Other automobile casings...................................................... No..................
Automobile inner tubes.............................................................. No................
Other casings and tubes......................................................... No..................
Solid tires for automobiles and motor trucks..................
Tire sundries and repair materials...........................................
No..................
Rubber belts and belting.......................................................... Lb 32,158
99, 706
38, 533
Rubber hose........................................................................................ Lb..................
Rubber packing................................................................................. Lb
Other rubber and manufactures................................................
Naval stores, gums and resins................. •.....................................
___________
15, 862
5,873
82,461
19, 232
8, 352
13, 286
Drugs, herbs, leaves and roots, crude......................................... Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb
30,380
790, 756
86,366
160, 781
■ 47,581
Other inedible oils and fats.............................................................
Dve.ing and tannine extracts........................................................... Lb
Seeds,“field and garden, except oilseeds.....................................
Tobacco and Manufactures ....................................................
Lb..................
3,399, 086
Leaf tobacco:
Bright flue-cured......................................................................... Lb 59,861
126,377
326, 915
1, 041, 258
138,095
270,703
150
666,818
53, 751
2,804
17, 691
10, 275
18, 216
291, 641
9,322
31,897
4, 369
2, 997, 074
16, 632
1,969
Lb
One sucker leaf tobacco............................................................. Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb..................
M...................
M
Tobacco stems, trimmings, and scrap......................................
Cigars and cheroots.........................................................................
Chewing tobacco, plug, and other............................................
Other tobacco manufactures........................................................
Starch and corn flour..........................................................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb.................. 2, 714, 377
4, 395
93, 003
14, 678
17, 281
Brooms .................................................................................................
Other inedible vegetable products.................................................
Group 3..................................................................................................... 15, 461,142
Cotton Semi manufactures :
Cotton-mill waste.......................................................................... Lb 1,027,621
356, 051
61,951
4,565
44, 925
20, 826
18, 920
438
Cotton rags, except paper stock.................................................
Cotton yarn.....................................................................................
Lb..................
Lb
Other semimanufactures.................................................................
Cott on Manuf act ure s ................................................................
Lb..................
12, 249, 435
Cotton thread and cordage:
Sewing thread.................. .......................................................... Lb 291,146
2, 225
400,251
255,178
3,180
108, 305
Crochet, darning, and embroidery cotton.........................
Twine and cordage...................................................................
Lb..................
Lb
Cotton duck................................................................................. Sq. yd.......... 333,188 76, 410
Heavy filter, paper dryer, hose and belting duck........
Unbleached (gray)............................................................
Sq. yd..........
Sq. yd..........
Sq. yd..........
Sq. yd..........
44, 944
161,609
87, 072
39, 563
17,162
32, 502
16,564
10,182
Bleached................................................................................
Colored ........................................................................
Cotton cloth.......................................................................... Sq. yd.......... 96,672,982 8,818,271
Unbleached (gray)............................................................. Sq. yd.......... 3,945, 080 257, 709
Sheetings............................................................................... Sq. yd..........
Sq. yd..........
3, 729,615
215,465
239,637
Other unbleached............................................................ 18,072
Bleached................................................................................ Sq. yd.......... 53,379, 900 4,601,881
Drills, twills, and sateens.....................................................
Pajama checks....................................................................
Sq. yd..........
Sq. yd..........
Sq. yd..........
Sq. yd..........
188,044
211,034
40, 938,119
6, 967, 072
5, 075, 631
24, 067
17, 056
3, 509, 877
644, 953
405, 928
Sheetings, 40 inches wide and under..............................
Sheetings over 40 inches wide........................................ .
Other bleached.....................................................................
164 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No . 50—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM THE UNITED STATES TO PUERTO RICO,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 3—Continued
Cotton Manufac tures —Continued
Cotton Cloth—Continued
Colored............................................................................................... Sq. yd.......... 39,348, 002 3,958, 681
Voiles.............................................................................................. Sq. yd.......... 1,804, 600 164, 093
Percales and prints, 32 inches and narrower............... Sq. yd.......... 1, 626,855 149,134
Percales and prints, over 32 inches wide...................... Sq. yd.......... 7,466,912 689, 913
Flannels and flannelettes...................................................... Sq. yd.......... 437, 611 48,376
Khaki and fustians................................................................... Sq. yd.......... 719, 035 91, 505
Denims........................................................................................... Sq. yd.......... 168,155 24,872
Suitings (drills, etc.)............................................................... Sq. yd.......... 4, 298, 056 596, 037
Ginghams...................................................................................... Sq. yd.......... 395, 684 31, 551
Chambrays................................................................................... Sq. yd.......... 1,306, 365 102, 086
Other printed fabrics, 7)4 and more yards per pound. Sq. yd.......... 4, 018,615 386, 541
Other printed fabrics, less than 7^ yards per pound.. Sq. yd.......... 5, 085, 226 486, 757
Other piece-dyed fabrics, 5 and more yards per pound Sq. yd.......... 8,985, 698 816, 752
Other piece-dyed fabrics, less than 5 yards per pound. Sq. yd.......... 1, 508, 393 151, 558
Other yarn-dyed fabrics........................................................ Sq. yd.......... 364, 735 40, 768
Cotton and rayon mixtures (chief value cotton).... Sq. yd.......... 1,162, 062 178, 738
Other cotton fabrics:
Blankets............................................................................................. Lb.................. 263, 076 106, 592
Cotton fabrics sold by the pound........................................ Lb.................. 97,307 26,833
Other cotton fabrics..................................................................... Sq. yd.......... 55,530 15,343
Cotton wearing apparel.................................................................. 1, 836, 598
Hosiery:
Women’s........................................................................................ Doz. pr........ 134,114 154, 285
Children’s..................................................................................... Doz. pr........ 67, 031 53,442
Men’s socks................................................................................. Doz. pr........ 95,670 102,170
Underwear, knit............................................................................ Doz................ 156,468 248, 550
Sweaters, shawls, and other knit outer wear...................
Doz................
35, 687
Cotton overalls, breeches and pants.................................... 8,424 85, 877
Underwear, not knit................................................................•.. Doz................ 14,908 42, 060
Shirts................................................................................................... Doz................ 51, 036 382, 620
Dresses, skirts, and blouses.....................................................
Other cotton clothing............. ....................................................
No.................. 166,848 89, 313
642, 594
Handkerchiefs...................................................................................... Doz................ 720,333 171, 616
Embroideries, laces, and lace window curtains.................. Yd.................. 3,025,457 83, 297
Cotton bags......................................................................................... Lb.................. 1,410,804 346, 080
Quilts, comforts, counterpanes, and bedspreads................ No.................. 89, 356 69,924
Bedsheets, pillow, bolster, and mattress cases................... Doz................ 30, 245 123, 852
Towels, bath mats, and wash cloths....................................... Doz................ 40, 283 56,490
Other cotton manufactures........................................................... 151,466
Bags of jute.............................................................................................. Lb.................. 1, 778,158
437, 073
142,992
Other jute manufactures.................................................................... Lb.................. 38, 628
Flax, hemp and ramie manufactures.......................................... 148, 540
Cordage except of cotton or jute:
Manila cordage............................................................................... Lb.................. 285, 500 28, 504
Other cordage...................................................................................... Lb.................. 213,412 13, 321
Other vegetable fiber, straw or grass manufactures............. .......................... 25, 234
Wool Manufac tur es ................................................................... 635,205
Fabrics................................................................................................... Lb.................. 122, 671 202,419
Carpets and rugs of wool.............................................................. Sq. yd.......... 19, 614 37, 221
Wearing apparel................................................................................. 375, 365
Other wool or mohair and manufactures.............................. .......................... 20, 200
Silk Manufacture s ...................................................................... 601, 308
Fabrics, broad silk...........................................................................
Other silk fabrics...............................................................................
Wearing apparel:
Yd.................. 268, 303 104, 923
16, 839
Underwear........................................................................................ No.................. 30, 790 22, 137
Dresses, skirts and blouses....................................................... No.................. 50, 542 172,874
Hosiery...............................................................................................
Other silk wearing apparel.......................................................
Other silk manufactures..................................;............................
Doz. prs.... 63,159 241, 761
26, 722
16, 052
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 165
Exhi bi t No . 50—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM THE UNITED STATES TO PUERTO RICO>
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 3—Continued
Rayon and Other Synthet ic Textil es .............................. .......................... 930, 237
Yarn........................................................................................................ Lb.................. 48, 719 36, 471
Woven fabrics in the piece...........................................................
No.................. 46, 084
430, 981
Dresses, skirts and blouses........................................................... 127, 353
Hosiery:
Women’s........................................................................................... Doz. pr........ 64,353 93,180
Children’s......................................................................................... Doz. pr........ 26, 725 23,992
Men’s socks..................................................................................... Doz. pr........ 72, 918 74, 585
Knit underwear................................................................................. Doz................ 24,137 67, 645
Ribbon, braids and trimmings...................................................
Other synthetic textile manufactures.......................................
Yd.................. 672, 935 16, 229
59, 801
Misc ellaneous Texti le Produ cts ......................................... .......................... 562, 629
Linoleum and felt-base floor coverings................................... Sq. yd.......... 195, 898 53,189
Oilcloth for shelf, table, and wall............................................. Sq. yd.......... 301, 662 38, 843
Pyroxylin and other coated or impregnated fabrics......... Sq. yd.......... 51, 654 23, 213
Corsets, brassieres, and girdles................................................... No.................. 70,836 30,439
Pajamas, nightshirts and gowns................................................ Doz................ 5, 421 43, 691
Hat braids of straw or other fiber............................................ Yd.................. 17, 001,612 94,140
Hats and caps.................................................................................... No.................. 355, 494 110, 325
Hats of straw, palm leaf, etc.................................................. No.................. 127, 291 54,172
Fur-felt hats.................................................................................... No.................. 6,047 9, 670
Wool-felt hats................................. ................................................ No.................. 31,566 14, 627
Other hats, caps and berets.................................................... No.................. 190, 590 31,856
Mattresses, cotton, kapok, moss and hair............................ No.................. 1,855 23, 241
Absorbent cotton, gauze, and sterilized bandages.............
Garters and arm bands..................................................................
Lb.................. 138,962 65,167
Doz. pr........ 20,194 11, 074
Other textiles and manufactures................................................ 69, 307
Group 4....................................................................................................
———
4, 318, 833
Wood and Manuf actures .........................................................
--- ——---
2,810,919
Railroad ties........................................................................................ No.................. 218, 974 119, 084
Piling...................................................................................................... Lin. ft.......... 22,388 11,207
Telegraph, trolley and electric-light poles............................. No.................. 5,903 67, 659
Firewood and other unmanufactured wood......................... 1,254
Sawed timber..................................................................................... M. ft............. 316 17, 793
Boards, planks and scantlings.................................................... M. ft............. 59,854 1, 448, 565
Cypress...............................................................................................
Douglas fir:
M. ft............. 322 19,909
Rough............................................................................................. M. ft............. 2,763 40, 746
Dressed...........................................................................................
Southern pine:
M. ft............. 14, 253 231, 004
Rough............................................................................................. M. ft............. 14, 308 301, 695
Dressed........................................................................................... M. ft............. 27,796 830, 756
Other softwood............................................................................... M. ft............. 248 12, 811
Hardwood......................................................................................... M. ft............. 164 11, 644
Staves, headings, cooperage shooks, etc..................................
Box shooks: .......................... 106, 031
Southern pine................................................................................. 257, 955 8, 847
Gum.................................................................................................... Bd. ft............ 394,892 13,861
Other... .. ............................................................................................ Bd. ft............ 1,256, 529 52,177
Veneer packages for fruits and vegetables............................. 109, 427
Doors, sash, and blinds..................................................................
Furniture of wood:
No.................. 2,326 10,139
Chairs................................................................................................. No.................. 36,495 119, 083
Office furniture and store fixtures......................................... 16, 287
Other wood furniture.................................................................. 538, 822
Other wood manufactures............................................................. 170, 683
Cork manufactures............................................................................... 20,126
166 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No . 50—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM THE UNITED STATES TO PUERTO RICO,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 4—Continued
Pape r ant ) Manuf actures ........................................................ 1,487, 788
Printing paper:
Newsprint paper........................................................................... Lb..................
Lb..................
1, 734,193
854, 098
192,491
8, 351,186
345,410
124,490
641,122
162, 641
1,373,466
1,212, 276
270,893
37,483
2,351, 771
4,949,600
1, 537,916
346,338
35,613
59,925
35, 679
313,406
25,414
16, 711
45, 877
13, 003
37, 689
38,101
49,470
8,498
146, 963
294, 915
77, 744
42, 984
245, 796
Book paper, not coated.............................................................
Grease proof and waterproof paper ........................................ Lb..................
Wrapping paper .............................................................................. Lb..................
Surface-coated paper....................................................................... Lb..................
Tissue and crepe paper.................................................................. Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Toilet paper.........................................................................................
Paper towels and napkins............................................................
Boxboard, bristol and bristol board.........................................
Other paper board............................................................................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Filing folders, index cards, and other office forms............ Lb..................
Papeteries, (fancy writing paper).............................................
Other writing paper........................................................................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Paper bags........................................................................................... Lb..................
Boxes and cartons............................................................................
Envelopes.............................................................................................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Other paper and paper products
Group 5 ....................................................................... 3,814,142
Coal............................................................................................................. Tons..............
Tons..............
20,115
4,175
96,468
Coke and briquettes............................................................................ 32, 759
Pet rol eum and Produ cts
Barrel—42 gallons ........................................................................... 2,105,874
Gasoline and other petroleum motor fuel.............................
Illuminating oil (kerosene)...........................................................
Gas and fuel oil.................................................................................
Bbl............... 516,453
83, 764
87, 769
1,314,666
333,461
75,159
213,693
40, 798
119, 795
8,302
Bbl................
Bbl................
Lubricating oil .............................................................................
Lubricating greases.......................................................................... Lb.................. 773, 051
Petroleum asphalt............................................................................. Tons.............. 7,026
Other petroleum products
Marble in blocks and other manufactures of stone..........
______________
26, 692
378,890
13, 545
Cement, hydraulic................................................................................. 376-lb. bbl..
200-lb. bbl..
285, 339
Lime... .*.................................................................................................... 11,341
Glas s and Glas s Products ....................................................... 607, 767
Plate and other glass....................................................................... 49, 076
382, 794
105, 222
11,938
10, 929
47,808
Unfilled glass containers...............................................................
Table glassware....
Lamp chimneys and lantern globes.........................................
Globes and shades for lighting fixtures..................................
Other glassware..................................................................................
Clay and Clay Products ......................................................... 418, 571
Clays.......................................................................................................
China and porcelain:
Table and kitchen articles.................. ..................................
Tons.............. 616 23,904
92, 603
29, 781
29, 753
10,469
57, 797
49,325
9, 001
59, 278
4 56,660
Sanitary articles.............................................................................
Electrical porcelain.......................................................................
Other china and porcelain.......................7...............................
Earthen and stone ware ..............................................................
Fire-clay brick ............................................................................... M................... 825
Other brick..........................................................................................
Floor and wall tiles.........................................................................
Other terra-cotta and ceramic manufactures........................
Sq. ft............ 363, 306
Othe r Nonmetalic Mine rals .................................................. 133, 576
Abrasives............................................................................................... 17,126
16,899
11,551
7,374
14,149
8,402
22,889
Asbestos:
Textiles, yarn and packing......................................................
Brake lining.....................................................................................
Lb.................. 32, 522
Other asbestos manufactures, n. e. s...................................
Asphalt and bitumen, natural....................................................
Sulphur..................................................................................................
Salt........................................................................................................... Lb.................. 1, 911, 782
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 167
Exhib it No . 50—Continued
HIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM THE UNITED STATES TO PUERTO RICO,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 5—Continued
Other Nonmetalic Miner als —Continued
Other nonmetallic mineral products, including precious
stones ........................................................................................... 35,186
Group 6................................................................................................... 4, 637, 509
Iron and Steel Manu fa ctures .............................................. 3,928,900
Iron and steel bars........................................................................... Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb..................
15,031,122
2,649,276
13,653,604
1,009,260
1,131,460
258,189
2,916
117, 647
495,892
1,348
276, 718
138, 598
423,427
153,345
284,833
54, 749
405,164
37, 549
46,100
9, 469
160,880
4, 676
37, 729
37,948
8,352
11,041
11,324
7,046
Iron and steel plates.......................................................................
Iron and steel sheets, galvanized..............................................
Iron and steel sheets, black.........................................................
Tin plate and terneplate...............................................................
Structural iron and steel:
Tanks (storage)..............................................................................
Structural shapes ........................................................................ Tons..............
Lb..................
Lb..................
Tons..............
Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb ................
Plates fabricated, punched or shaped.................................
Metal lath, frames, sashes and sheet piling.....................
Railway track material:
Rails .............................................................................................
Rail joints, splice bars, fishplates and tie plates...........
Switches, frogs and crossings...................................................
Railroad' spikes...............................................................................
Railroad bolts, nuts, washers and nut locks...................
Tubular products and fittings.....................................................
Lb..................
Lb .......... 12,115,113 405,683
Boiler tubes ................................................................................... Lb 478, 222
52, 231
248, 089
285,125
2, 740,861
3,844,972
1,483,906
79,008
2, 549, 052
302,151
51,496
32, 027
2, 277
32, 875
24,543
63,167
88,144
49,064
4,601
95,824
10,333
2,828
Casing and oil-line pipe............................................................. Lb
Malleable-iron screwed pipe fittings....................................
Cast-iron screwed pipe fittings..............................................
Cast-iron pressure pipe and fittings....................................
Cast-iron soil pipe and fittings..............................................
Welded black pipe:
Steel .............................................................................................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb
Wrought iron.............................................................................. Lb
Wedled galvanized pipe:
Steel.................................................................................................
Wrought iron...............................................................................
Lb..................
Lb
Other tubular products and fittings.....................................
Wire and manufactures..................................................................
Iron and steel wire, uncoated.................................................
Galvanized wire.............................................................................
Lb..................
Lb.................. 5, 539, 920 260,857
Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb
287,304
1, 229,405
1,674,830
785, 313
137,128
252, 667
1,173, 273
14, 582
35, 712
39, 237
44, 781
15, 636
28, 767
82,142
Barbed wire.....................................................................................
Woven-wire fencing.....................................................................
Woven-wire screen cloth...........................................................
Lb..................
Lb
Wire rope, wire strand............................................................... Lb
Other wire and manufactures.................................................
Nails and bolts (except railroad):
Wire nails.....................................................................................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb
4,614, 703
483, 188
1, 207,886
148, 610
664,405
220, 855
163, 004
2,200
204,391
21,155
117,410
26, 628
79, 997
11,491
19, 180
13, 796
7, 904
2, 602
56, 548
21,011
47, 633
109, 005
225, 229
17, 223
32,455
167, 727
41,100
Other nails and staples...............................................................
Bolts, machine screws, nuts, rivets and washers..........
Castings and forgings:
Iron and steel castings............................................................
Car wheels, tires and axles......................................................
Horseshoes and calks...................................................................
Iron and steel forgings, n. e. s.................................................
Cutlery:
Safety razors....................................................................................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Safety razor blades.......................................................................
Table and kitchen cutlery........................................................
Other cutlery and parts.............................................................
Hollow ware:
Tin and galvanized, hollow ware...........................................
Tin cans, finished or unfinished............................................
Enameled ware of iron or steel:
Bathtubs............................................................................................
Lb..................
Lb..................
No
802,086
2,636,941
614
4,002
1, 047,728
3,153
Lavatories, sinks and other plumbing fixtures...............
Enameled household, ware........................................................
No..................
Lb
Metal furniture and fixtures:
Sheet-metal piling cases......................................................... No..................
168 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No . 50—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM THE UNITED STATES TO PUERTO RICO,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 6—Continued
Iron and Steel Manuf actures —Continued
Metal furniture and fixtures—Continued
Other office furniture and fixtures........................................
No.................. 14,461
91, 743
Metal beds and bed springs.................................................... 88, 713
Other metal furniture................................................................. 36,916
Stoves and furnaces, except electric..................................... 59, 694
Tools:
File and rasps................................................................................. Doz................ 52,465 46, 717
Shovels, spades, scoops and drainage tools....................... Doz................ 2, 732 18, 750
Mechanics’ and other hand tools........................................... 117,108
Hardware:
Padlocks of iron, steel, brass, and bronze..........................
Door locks, lock sets, cabinet and other locks, of iron,
Doz................ 17, 043 24, 268
steel, brass and bronze ......................................................... Doz................ 11, 299 26, 659
Hinges and butts, iron and steel.......................................... Doz. pr........ 30, 070 25,163
Other builders’ hardware.......................................................... 64, 602
Other hardware............................................................................... 86, 809
Chains:
Sprocket and other power transmission............................. Lb.................. 194, 709 37, 246
Other chains.................................................................................... Lb.................. 239,797 24, 413
Automatic scales (except coin-operated)............................... No.................. 1,933 14, 103
Other scales and balances............................................................. No.................. 2,185 21,455
Metal drums and containers, for gas, oil, and other liquics 151, 306
Other iron and steel manufactures....................................... . .. .......................... 212,896
Aluminum and manufactures.......................................................... 131,338
Copp er ................................................................................................ 325, 642
Pipes and tubes................................................................................. Lb.................. 211,070 36,409
Plates and sheets............................................................................... Lb.................. 92,422 18,843
Wire (bare).......................................................................................... Lb.................. 378,657 56,850
Insulated copper wire and cable:
Rubber-covered wire................................................................... Lb.................. 391, 692 70, 575
Weatherproof wire.............................. .. ....................................... Lb.................. 152,221 25,915
Other insulated copper wire.................................................... Lb.................. 482, 523 92, 510
Other copper manufactures........................................................... 24, 540
Brass and Bron ze ........................................................................ 130, 756
Pipes and tubes................................................................................. Lb.................. 23,331 4,174
Pipe fittings and valves................................................................. Lb.................. 57,046 27, 765
Plumber’s brass goods..................................................................... Lb.................. 86,449 35, 724
Hardware of brass or bronze (excluding locks)...................... 15, 972
Other brass and bronze manufactures........................ ............ 47,121
Lead and manufactures...................................................................... 33, 769
Other metal and metal composition manufactures............... 65, 367
Gold and silver manufactures, n. e. s........................................... 21, 737
Group 7..................................................................................................... 6,672, 534
Electri cal Machi ner y and Apparatus ...............................
■ ---------- ——-------
1,795, 224
Generators and parts...................................................................... 108, 273
Batteries................................................................................................ 40,885
Transforming or converting apparatus................................... 112,711
Power switches and circuit breakers over 10 amperes.... 32,816
Watt-hour and other measuring meters................................ No.................. 8,319 64, 735
Other transmission and distribution apparatus.................. 45, 605
Motors.................................................................................................... No.................. 481 45, 975
Starting and controlling equipment, portable tools, accesseries
and parts for motors................................................ 41,429
Electric refrigerators and parts:
Household......................................................................................... No.................. 3, 537 364,123
Commercial up to 1-ton............................................................
Parts for electric refrigerators..........................................
No.................. 249 41, 234
45,407
Electric incandescent light bulbs............................................... No.................. 427, 237 51,011
Electric cooking ranges, and other heating and cooking
devices................................................................................................ No.................. 2,857 19, 021
Therapeutic x-ray apparatus............................ 39, 704
Radio apparatus:
Transmitting sets, tubes and parts...................................... 24, 245
Receiving sets............................................................... .................. No.................. 8, 210 266,308
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 169
»
Exhibit No . 50—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM THE UNITED STATES TO PUERTO RICO,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
•Group 7—Continued
Elec tri cal Machiner y and App aratus —Continued
Radio apparatus:—Continued
R£.C(dyiug tubes ................................................................... No.................. 9, 424 5,194
31, 229
Other radio apparatus ......................................................... 3, 011
Telephoua apparatus ......................................................... 103,439
Metal conduit out-1 p-t aud switch boxes.............................. 48,123
39,888
56,870
Sockets, outlets, fuse blocks and lighting switches..............
Electric interior lighting fixtures ...........................................
No...............3..9. 3, 546
Other wiring supplies and, line material.................................. 58,078
Other electrical apparatus ..................................................... 105, 910
Indttst rtat . M actt tne ry ........................................................... 1,488,307
Steam engines ............................................................................. No.................. 3 37, 700
43, 517
Steam pnilers tubes ..................................................................... 4,377 12,807
Other steam engines and parts, condensers, heaters and
accessories ............................................................................... 3,965
Steam specialties ................................................................... 34, 851
Internal combustion engines ................................................... No.................. 68 57, 281
Engine accessories and parts ................................................... 28,663
■doncrete mixers ....................................................... No.................. 41 10,468
No ................ 18 61, 278
Other construction and conveying machinery.................... 73, 741
Mining Quarrying, well and refining machinery.............. 49,283
Tumping equipment:
Centrifugal pumps. ......................................................... No.................. 130 47, 083
Rotary pumps ........................................................... No ................ 103 16, 029
Reciprocating steam and power pumps.............................
Other pumps and parts ...........................................................
No.................. 112 27, 691
48, 394
ivretal working machinery............................................................ 61,075
Sewing machines:
For domestic use ........................................................... 1,660
927
59,421
For factory or industrial use...................................................
•Sewing ma,chine parts ...................................................................
No.................. 64, 259
46,268
Cigarette and cigar making and other tobacco machinery
Sugar mill machinery ...................................................................
.......................... 7,607
360,456
Ice making and refrigerating equipment............................... 30,331
Air compressors ....................................................................... No.................. 28 6,121
T^aundry machinery ....................'.................................................. 11, 599
"Water meters and parts................................................................. 16,476
Iron and steel body*valves for steam, water, oil and gas..
Other industrial machinery and parts....................................
.......................... 45, 756
226,187
Of f ic e Appli ances ......................................................................
. - —-------------------
257, 473
Testing adding machines................................................................ No ................ 323 29,181
Calculating machines .................................................................... No ................ 107 24, 085
Other accounting and calculating machines and parts....
Cash registers...................................................................................... 226
19, 693
25,160
Typewriters ....................................................................................... No.................. 2,177 135, 855
Other office appliances.................................................................... 23,499
Printing and bookbinding machinery......................................... 109, 226
Agri cultu ral Machi nery and Imp le ment s ...................... 345, 227
Horse and power plows.................................................................. No ............ 897 35, 472
Other cultivating implements and parts................................ 34, 203
Wheel and tracklaying tractors..................................................
Parts and accessories for tractors...............................................
No.................. 85 194, 564
41, 385
Other agricultural machinery, implements, and parts.... 39, 603
Automob il es and Other Vehicl es ........................................
— --==
2, 677, 077
Motor trucks, busses and chassis..............................................
Passenger cars and chassis............................................................
No..................
No ............
920
2,297
667, 682
1, 542, 285
Automobile parts, except tires.................................................... 306, 121
Automobile accessories.................................................................... 13, 842
Tumps for gasoline and oil........................................................... No................ 54 6,108
Automobile service appliances.................................................... 17,423
Cycles and parts............................................ ................................... 32,808
Railway cars........................................................................................ No.................. 22 4. 378
170 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No . 50—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM THE UNITED STATES TO PUERTO RICO^
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 7—Continued
Automobi le s and Other Vehi cles —Continued
Railway air-brake equipment and parts, except axles and
wheels................................................................................................. 22,063
Wheel barrows....................................................................................
Other vehicles and parts...............................................................
No.................. 4,192 13, 848
50, 519
Group 8.................................................................................................... 5,412,139
Coal-tar products.................................................................................. 11, 755
Medic inal and Pharm ace ut ic al Prep ar atio ns ............... .......................... 998,008
Castor and white mineral oils ...................................................
Biologies:
Gal................. 11, 698 14,126
Serums and antitoxins for human use................................ 29,380
Vaccines for human use............................................................. 29,084
Other biologies................................................................................ 41, 285
Elixirs, tinctures, extracts, ampoules, and similar liquid
solutions............................................................................................. 88,442
Tablets, pills, capsules, powders, ointments and similar
manufactures.................................................................................... 116,878
Household pharmaceuticals in small packages.................... 62, 340
Mouth washes, gargles and personal antiseptics................ 23,313
Salves and ointments...................................................................... 57, 074
Cold, cough and bronchial preparations................................ 49,056
Malaria, chill and fever remedies.............................................. 7,561
Tonics, blood purifiers, emulsions, and appetizers.............. 211,209
Laxatives, purgatives and cathartics....................................... 94, 019
Milk of magnesia............................................................................... 38,124
Headache, neuralgia and pain remedies................................. 10, 712
Other proprietary medicinal preparations............................. 125, 405
Indust rial Che mi cal s , Including Speci altie s .................. .......................... 592,076
Agricultural insecticides, fungicides, and similar preparations
and materials................................................................... 60, 656-
Household and industrial insecticides and exterminators . Lb.................. 121,145 23,825
Household and industrial disinfectants, deodorants, germicides,
repellents, and similar preparations..................... Lb.................. 138, 211 15,920*
Baking powder....................................................................................
Water softeners, purifiers, boiler and feed-water com-
Lb.................. 99,490 11,014
pounds................................................................................................. Lb.................. 32,822 7,058.
Polishes................................................................................................... Lb.................. 228, 422 43, 009
Flavoring extracts.............................................................................
Other chemical specialty compounds......................................
Gal................. 1,382 7,310
98, 750
Acids and anhydrides.....................................................................
Alcohols..................................................................................................
Lb.................. 1, 233, 454 27,188
62, 659
Other organic chemicals................................................................. Lb.................. 763,014 87, 214
Hydroxide............................................................................................. Lb.................. 912,164 21,918
Other sodium compounds............................................................. Lb.................. 1.120,172 27,088
Gases compressed, liquified, and solidified...........................
Other industrial chemicals............................................................
Lb.................. 251, 647 25,342'
73,125
Pigme nts , Paint s and Varni she s .......................................... .......................... 548,034
Mineral earth and chemical pigments.................................... Lb.................. 502, 578 39, 343
Bituminous paints, liquid and plastic....................................
Paste and semi-paste paint colors in oil, putty, and .......................... 7, 735
paste wood filler............................................................................. Lb.................. 611, 324 65,404
Kalsomine or cold-water paints, dry....................................... Lb................ 536, 100 31,084
Nitrocellulose (pyroxylin) lacquers.......................................... Gal................. 11, 886 28, 312’
Thinners for nitrocellulose lacquers.......................................... Gal................ 14, 794 11.843
Ready-mixed paints, stains and enamels.............................. Gal............... 206. 314 342,734
Varnishes (oil or spirit or liquid dryers).............................. Gal................ 15, 208 21, 579
Fert il iz ers and Fer ti li ze r Mate rial s ............................... Tons.............. 82, 276 1, 745,885
Ammonium sulphate....................................................................... Tons.............. 45, 623 1,144,643
Other nitrogenous chemical materials..................................... Tons.............. 1,453 41,187
Phosphatic fertilizer materials..................................................... Tons.............. 25, 631 285, 426
Potassic fertilizer materials........................................................... Tons.............. 8, 552 242,070
Prepared fertilizer materials......................................................... Tons.............. 616 20, 089
Other fertilizer.................................................................................... Tons.............. 401 12,470
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 171
Exhib it No . 50—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM THE UNITED STATES TO PUERTO RICO,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 8—Continued
Explos ives , Fuse s , Etc . ................................................... 35, 620
Dynamite. . . ................................................................ Lb.................. 162, 520 27,098
Other explosives and fuses........................................................... 8, 522
Soap and Toil et Prep ar ati ons .............................................. 1,480, 761
Soap:
Medicated... .................................................................... Lb.................1. 9,920
1,117, 791
18, 858, 268
669,997
1, 530, 657
85,466
8,911
163, 649
727, 887
31,135
64, 259
Toilet or fancy ............................................................................. Lb..................
Laundry.. .................................................................... Lb..................
Powdered or flaked...................................................................... Lb..................
Scouring bricks, pastes, powders, soaps and washing
powders.... . ........................................................ Lb..................
Other soap. .................................................................... Lb.................. 12, 854
Dental creams. ...................................................... Lb.................. 118, 717 97, 914
19, 885
Toilet powders:
Talcum powder. ................................................................
Face and compact powder....................................................... 92, 538
Cold creams. .................................................... Lb.................. 26, 482 15, 527
Other creams, lotions and balms.............................................. 21, 866
Rouges and other cosmetics........................................................ 23, 370
Hair preparations . ................................................................ 30,158
Perfumery and toilet waters........................................................ 124, 388
Other toilet preparations............................................................... 46,420
Group 9 ...................................................... 2, 635,192
Phot ograp hi c and Proj ecti on Goods ................................. 159, 958
Motion-picture sound equipment (including records)...
Motion-picture films . . ...................................................... Lin. ft.......... 3,439,179
101,116
22, 376
12, 781
75, 963
Other sensitized films, not exposed (rolls or packs)..........
Photographic paper........................................................................
No..................
Lb..................
35, 656
17, 697
Other photographic apparatus and supplies........................ 17,861
Surveying and engineering ............................................................. 35, 895
Other scientific and professional instruments, apparatus
and supplies..................................................................................... 97, 678
Mus ical Ins trum ents . .................................... 43,803
Pianos .................................................... No.................. 53 8,838
Phonographs. . ........................................................................... No.................. 46 451
Phonograph records......................................................................... 14, 789
Other musical instruments, parts and accessories................ 19, 725
Pencils and pens............... ......................................................... 54, 845
Ink, including printing and lithographic.................................... 26,058
19, 343
52,199
22,037
25, 599
36,447
130, 365
Carbon paper .. . .............................................. Lb.................. 40,161
Other office supplies... . .......................................................
Toys:
Dolls and parts ... ...................................................................
Children’s wheel goods and parts.............................................
Mechanical toys .......................................................................
Toys, n. e. s .......................................................................................
Athletic and sporting goods ................................................... 18, 610
39, 356
26, 258
Firearms and ordinance.. ......................................................... No.................. 2,560
Ammunitions (including fireworks).............................................
Books and pamphlets:
Bound educational textbooks....................................................... 98, 464
Other bound books ....................................................................... 28, 196
Catalogues and pamphlets............................................................ 22, 551
Lithographically printed matter, except postcards and
maps ........................................................................... 82, 918
Other printed matter including photographs and blueprints
........................................................................................... 125, 530
Clocks and parts ......................................................................... 18,869
Watches and parts ............................................ 16, 283
Jewelry .................................................................................... 28,165
Bottle and container closures .............................................. Gross............. 420, 779 96, 387
Composition roofing, asphalt, asbestos, etc..............................
Buttons and parts ..........................................................................
Square..........
Gross.............
15,129
180, 261
17,295
46, 641
Lamps and illuminating devices except electric. . . 35, 654
Matches..................................................................................................... 202, 801
172 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No . 50—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM THE UNITED STATES TO PUERTO RICO,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 9—Continued
Manufactures of cellulose compounds, n. e. s........................... 18,169
74,503
52,282
135,392
340,841
33, 074
11, 031
2,368
128,332
230,995
Brushes...................................................................................................... 63,270
59,459
1,851,435
Umbrellas and parasols...................................................................... No
Candles.................................................................................................... Lb
Notions, cheap novelties and specialties....................................
Refrigerators, except electric.............................................................
Shoe findings (except leather and rubber)...............................
No.................. 1,209
Coin-operated machines..................................................................... No . 66
Household and personal effects......................................................
All other articles....................................................................................
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 173
Exhibit No . 51
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM PUERTO RICO TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Tota l Valu e ................................................................................... 2,142, 285
Dom es tic ............................................................................................ 2,110, 297
Fore ign fRe.-exports) .................................................... 31,988
Group 00 Anim als and Ani mat , Products , Edibl e .... 66,843
=====
Anim als , Edible :
Cattle for breeding .................................................... No.................. 10
6
3,248
2,372
385
2, 264
No..................
Poultry, live........................................................................................ No..................
Meat Products :
Beef:
Lb.................. 586
27
1,652
3,000
14,893
4,854
11
120
14
423
225
2, 988
936
22
Pork:
Fresh nr frozen .................................................. Lb..................
Hams and shoulders cured ................................................. Lb..................
Other pork pickled er salted ........................................... Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Animal Oils and Fats , Edib le :
Lb.................. 114,400
50
15, 734
Lb.................. &
Dai ry Products :
Milk and cream:
Evap'Watpd ; unsweetened! ......................................... Lb.................. 330,199
30
316
22, 283
14
186
E Litter ...................................................................... Lb..................
Lb..................
Fis h :
Salted, pickled or dry-cured:
Cod haddock hake pollock, cusk....................................... Lb.................. 896
3, 300
270
340
70,430
114,159
2,400
1,280
2,508
40
600
9
34
7,455
9,612
130
209
763
Shrimp dried .................................................... Lb..................
Other smoked or kippered ............................................ Lb..................
All other ........................................................... Lb..................
Fish, canned:
Salmon ................................................................. Lb..................
Sardines ................................................................. Lb..................
AI ackerel ......................................................... Lb..................
Shellfish ....................................................... Lb..................
Other canned fish ................................................... Lb..................
Gelatin....................................................................................................... Lb.................. 96 17
Group 0 Anim als \nd Animat . Products , Inedib le . 20, 048
Leat her :
Upper leather:
Blank cattle ......................................................... Sq. ft............ 11, 325
371
8,222
3,125
1, 356
53
1,002
318
131
Other cattle ........................................................... Sq. ft............
Black calf and kid ....................................................... Sq. ft............
fitfaep calf and kid .............................................. Sq. ft............
Leather Manuf acture s :
Boots and shoes:
Jvle-n’s and bnys’ .............................................. Pair................ 71
10
128
10
84
207
73
140
456
160
1,816
Women’s ............................................................ Pair..............
Gloves ........................................................ Pair.............. 144
46
657
298
Traveling bae-^ and suitcases ........................................ No................
Pocketbooks, handbags, cigarette cases, and similar arti-
No................
Leather belting new ............................................ Lb................
Leather wearing apparel except footwear, leggins and
174 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhi bi t No . 51—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM PUERTO RICO TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 0—Continued
Animal Oil s and Greas es :
Oils.................................................................. Lb 2, 517
53,835
124, 735
2
3
Tallow........................................................................ Lb 282
Other greases and fats............................................ Lb 3, 227
Horses for breeding...................................................... No 7, 744
Mules, asses and burros.................................... No 1, 025
Other live animals................................................ 1,150
Glue of animal origin.......................................... Lb 460 2,195
Sponges.................................................................. Lb ___________13 249
31
Group 1. Vege tabl e Food Products and Beverages 238,472 — __________
Grains and Pre parat ions :
Barley.................................................................... Bn 11
6, 471
492
218
4, 253
50,474
4, 500
10,156
4, 976
38, 574
15,955
27, 280
5,938
1,076
Corn meal................................................................ Bbl 25
Hominy and corn grist.......................................... Lb 26, 292
Corn breakfast foods, ready to eat....................... Lb 32
Oats............................................................................... Bn 33
Oatmeals, groats, and flaked and rolled oats (in packages,
cases, or cartons).................................................... Lb
4, 623
Millet rice, including brown............................... Lb 4, 773
257
Wheat flour, wholly of the United States. Bbl 55, 543
Other wheat flour......................................... Bbl
Biscuits and crackers:
Not sweetened or flavored............................ Tib
23, 062
Sweetened or flavored............................................. Lb 6, 213
Macaroni, spaghetti and noodles.................... ,.. Tib 2, 385
Wheat breakfast foods to be cooked.................... Lb 1,452
Cereal foods, n. e. s...................................................... Tib 488
Other grains and preparations.......................................... 146
------------— 370
Fodde rs and Feeds :
Hay.................................................................................................. Ton 43
76
1,805
Mixed dairy feeds................................................................... 3,032
Veget ables and Pre parat ions :
Beans, dried.................................................................... Tvb 1,500
2, 500
3,150
Vegetables, fresh:
Onions.................................................................... Tib
41
Potatoes, white...................................................................... Tib 52
Other fresh vegetables.................................................... 53 53
Vegetables, canned:
Asparagus....................................................................... Tib 35, 049
48
2,724
34,464
14
12, 790
6,353
Baked beans, pork and beans........................................ Tib 7,075
Corn...................................................................... Lb
3
Peas................................................................................. Tib 326
Soups.............................................................................. Tib 4,839
Tomatoes....................................................................... Tib 4
1,108
Other canned vegetables.......................................... Tib 733
Pickles................................................................ Tib 2,462
38,908
2, 387
78
924
239
4,457
478
Ketchup and' other tomato sauces................ Lb
Other sauces and relishes.............................. Tib
Vinegar....................................................................... Gal
Yeast....................................................................... Tib 71
222
Other vegetable preparations... 109
-------------------- -
Fruit s and Nuts :
Fresh fruits:
Grapefruit............................................. 532
1,190
1,139
2,384
15
Oranges......................................................
Other fresh fruits..............................
Dried and evaporated fruits:
Fruits for salad................................ Lb 2,199
3,616
109, 243
3,953
4,818
3,932
174, 654
5,015
339
380
6,429
Pears................................................... Lb
Raisins..................................... Tib
Apples.............................. Tib
Apricots............................. Tib 874
438
11, 210
493
Peaches........................ Lb
Prunes................................ Lb
Other...................................... Tib
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 175
Exhib it No . 51—Continued
.SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM PUERTO RICO TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 1—Continued
Fruit s and Nuts —Continued
Canned fruits:
Grapefruit ■ ■ ’........................................................... Lb.................. 150 18
Lb.................. 7, 766 1,333
A t aya Ioq and QDD1p. SailCAS ........................................ Lb.................. 90 8
Apricots............................................................................................. Lb.................. 9,113 946
Cherries.............................................................................................. Lb.................. 2,848 379
Prunes ............................................................... Lb.................. 5, 003 463
Peaches ................................................................... Lb.................. 36, 662 3, 487
Lb.................. 32, 629 3, 263
pineapples................................................ ........................................ Lb.................. 40, 061 4,022
Fruits fnr salad ................................................... Lb.................. 25, 751 3, 636
Other canned. fruits ................................................. Lb.................. 22, 742 2,189
Preserved, fruits jellies and jams ..................................... Lb.................. 4, 890 919
Other fruit preparations ..................................................... Lb.................. 68, 939 4, 025
W alnuts ..................................................................... Lb.................. 10, 500 1,235
Other nuts............................................................................................ Lb.................. 30, 001 880
Vegetable Oil s and Fats , Edible :
Lb.................. 22, 400 1, 838
Cooking fats nthp.r than lard ..................................... Lb.................. 222 23
Other edible vegetable nils and fats ................................. Lb.................. 100 50
Lb.................. 237 23
Ohonolotn inpliidino- sweetened ................................. Lb.................. 10 4
vrpp.n ............................................................. Lb.................. 171,047 30, 528
Lb.................. 1, 978 226
Gal................. 5 17
Sugar and Rel ate d Products :
Confectionery:
Chocolate ..................................................................................... Lb.................. 147 24
Other ................................................................... Lb.................. 402 68
nhowinc inim ................................................. Lb.................. 1, 248 592
^Bev er age s :
Wolf- oYtrant. and malt sirim .................................. Lb.................. 1,383 243
Distilled liQtmrs ............................................ Gal................. 2 12
Gal................. 3 12
Gal................. 210 115
Mineral waters natural and artificial..................................... Gal................. 446 181
TTrnit inipp.s .................................................. Gal................. 184 173
Pruit juices sirups and flavors for soda fountains................ Gal................ 245 464
Other beverages................................................................................. Gal................ 3,545 2, 519
‘Group 2. Vege tab le Products , Inedib le , Excep t 42, 513
:Rubber and Manuf actures :
"RiihKpr spran ............................................. Lb.................. 9,800 100
Canvas shoes with rubber soles ................................ Pair................ 116 231
Pnhhor cloves ........................ •........................ Pair................ 12 8
256
27
Tires:
ODriinlr and hlK PasinCS .................................... No.................. 211 5, 671
/Nt-Pior antnmnbilp. pasincs .................................... No.................. 1,156
874
15,069
Automobile inner tubes ........................................ No.................. 2, 348
PI I Pi or pocincrQ and tubes .................................... No.................. 87 407
,rPiro airndrioQ and rpnair materials .................................... 98
Pnhhor frintinn tane ............................................ Lb.................. 109 22
Lb.................. 2,192 851
Pnhhpr naplrinc ............................................ Lb.................. 1, 597 334
VLIier lUDuvl 111 cl 11 UlclV L U.I co ivi auiuinv .................................................. 166 185
Nav al Stor es , Gum s and Resi ns :
resin ................................................................ Bbl.............. 72, 722 4,690
Bbl.............. 15, 305 2,862
Pinm cnirits nt tlimP.ntine ........................... Gal............... 113 65
Wnod tiimpntinp ............................................. Gal............... 858 411
T'or and nitpb nf wood .......... ................................ Bbl.............. 1 15
Other gums and resins................................................................... Lb................ 252 41
TIrnrrc PiorPtc Ippvp q and roots. CTIlde ................................ Lb................ 3, 382 257
Lb................ 15,000 277
-------------------——
176 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhi bi t No . 51—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM PUERTO RICO TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES'.
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles
1 Unit
Quantity Dollars
Group 2—Continued
Vegetable Oil s :
Coconut oil (inedible)............................................. Lb 53, 615
910
3, 576
3,056
2,467
78
745
318
Linseed oil.................................................. Lb
Other natural essential and distilled oils............ Gal...............
Dyeing and tanning extracts............................... Lb
Nurs er y and Gre en hou s e Stock :
Fruit tree stocks, cuttings or seedlings.......... No.. 650 863
580
10
All other plants and bulbs.........................................
Field seeds.................................................................. Lb 142
Tobacco and Manufact ure s :
Tobacco stems, trimmings and scraps........................ Lb 104,819
68
5
1,200
91
746
1, 767
105
91
354
Cigars and cheroots.............................................. M
Cigarettes.................................................... M
Corn starch and corn flour................................. Lb
Brooms.............................................................
Group 3. Textile Fib ers and Manufactures ......... 269, 685
Cot to n , Unmanufacture d :
Upland raw cotton under P/s inches............................ Bale 40,045 5,732
Cotton Semi manuf actur es :
Cotton mill waste, except card strips and counter waste..
Cotton rags, except paper stock................ ..........
Lb.................. 118,209
520
191
35
3, 664
54
146
18
Lb
Mercerized combed yarn............................. Lb
Not mercerized combed yarn.......................... Lb
Cott on Manufact ure s :
Cotton thread and cordage:
Sewing thread................................................................... Lb 1, 274
2,165
22,460
826
695
3, 228
Twine and cordage.................................. Lb
Thread and cordage, unbleached........................................ Sq. yd
Cotton duck, bleached........................................................... 1,415 827
Cotton cloth:
Unbleached:
Sheetings 40 inches wide and under.......................... Sq. yd 6,144
6, 710
1, 564
457
640
113
Sheetings over 40 inches wide................................... Sq vd
Other unbleached.................................................. Sq yd
Bleached:
Drills, twills and sateens.......................................... Sq yd 66
1,239
3,910
17, 823
10
255
360
1,667
Sheetings 40 inches wide and under............................ Sq yd
Sheetings over 40 inches wide................................
Other bleached.................................. Sq yd
Colored:
Voiles............................................................................................... 1,289
1,246
44, 415
104
253,981
18,122
11,465
13, 908
4,024
7, 517
163
3, 646
1,184
199
100
5,049
13
34, 538
2, 534
1, 667
1,718
530
814
24
550-
245
Percales and prints, 32 inches and narrower............... Sq. yd
Percales and prints over 32 inches wide....................
Khaki and fustians....................................................... Sq vd
Denims.....................................................
Suitings (drills, etc.)................................................... Sq yd
Chambrays.........................................................
Other printed fabrics, T/z and more yards per pound..
Other printed fabrics, less than 7)4 yards per pound..
Other piece-dyed fabrics, 5 and more yards per
pound............................................................
Sq. yd..........
Sq. yd..........
Other piece-dyed fabrics, less than 5 yards per
pound.......................................................................... Sq. yd..........
Sq. yd..........
Sq. yd..........
Other yarn-dyed fabrics...................................................
Cotton and rayon mixtures (chief value cotton)....
Other cotton fabrics:
Blankets............................................. Lb 650
561
713
Cotton fabrics sold by the pound....................................... Lb 146
Cotton wearing apparel:
Gloves.......................... Doz. pair...
Doz. pair...
Doz. pair...
Doz. pair...
22
623
200
16
111
635
50
2 €
Hosiery:
Women’s...............................................
Children’s...................................................
Men’s socks..................................................................................
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 177
Exhib it No . 51—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM PUERTO RICO TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 3—Continued
Cott on Manufact ure s —Continued
Cotton wearing apparel—Continued
Underwear:
Men’s and boys’....................................................................... Doz................ 513 557
Women’s and misses’.............................................................. Doz................ 15 37
Children’s and infants’........................................................... Doz................ 100 50
Sweaters, shawls, and other knit outer wear.................. No.................. 36 16
Cotton overalls, breeches and pants.................................... Doz................ 938 9,844
Shirts................................................................................................... Doz................ 1, 598 9, 735
Dresses, skirts and waists......................................................... No.................. 1,198 580
Other cotton clothing.................................................................. 34, 981
Handkerchiefs..................................................................................... Doz................ 25 22
Embroideries, laces and lace window curtains................... Yd.................. 550 122
Cotton bags..................................................................... . .................. Lb.................. 16, 830 5,114
Quilts, comforts, counterpanes and bedspreads.................. No.................. 696 521
Bed sheets, pillow, bolster and mattress cases................... Doz................ 4 36
Towels, bath mats and wash cloths........................................ Doz................ 7 27
Other cotton manufactures........................................................... 1, 898
Jute, yarn, cordage and twine........................................................ Lb.................. 20, 616 4, 068
Bags of jute............................................................................................. Lb.................. 58, 327 3, 872
Other jute manufactures.................................................................... Lb.................. 103 10
Flax, hemp and ramie manufactures........................................... 72, 658
Corda ge , Excep t of Cotton and Jute :
Manila cordage................................................................................. Lb.................. 3,853 705
Other cordage..................................................................................... Lb.................. 1, 232 118
Oakum.......................................................................................................
Other vegetable fiber, straw or grass manufactures.................
Lb.................. 2,020 223
299
Wool Manufact ure s :
Carpets and rugs of wool..............................................................
Wool wearing apparel:
Sq. yd.......... 26 356
Knit bathing suits........................................................................ Doz................ 34 230
Men’s and boys’ overcoats, suits and parts.................... No.................. 2,410 16, 646
Other wool and mohair manufactures................................ ,. .......................... 79
Silk Manu f act ure s :
Silk and velvet ribbons.................................................................
Silk wearing apparel:
Yd.................. 3, 260 206
Dresses, skirts, waists and blouses....................................... No.................. 15 458
Other wearing apparel................................................................
Hosiery:
1, 687
Women’s full-fashion............................................................... Doz. pair. .. 5 20
Men’s socks..................................................................................
Other silk manufactures.................................................................
Doz................ 6 60
759
Rayon and Othe r Synthet ic Text ile s :
Dresses, skirts and blouses, not knit or crocheted................ No.................. 88 165
Other woven fabrics in the piece.............................................. Sq. yd.......... 168 72
Other synthetic textile manufactures...................................... 642 ______________
Mis cell aneou s Texti le Prod ucts :
Oilcloth for table, shelf and wall............................................... Sq. yd.......... 7, 377 1,151
Other heavy oil coated fabrics................................................... Sq. yd.......... 1, 470 159
Water proof outer garments, not including hats................... No.................. 42 226
Pajamas, nightshirts and nightgowns..................................... Doz................ 9 70
Hat braids of straw or other fiber............................................ Yd.................. 5,000 125
Hats and caps:
Hats of straw, palm leaf, etc................................................... No.................. 8,467 6,867
Harvest hats.................................................................................... No.................. 120 60
Other hats of straw, palm leaf, etc...................................... No.................. 12,979 11, 544
Men’s and boys’ fur-felt hats................................................. No.................. 2 7
Wool-felt hats................................................................................. No.................. 136 159
Other hats, caps and berets..................................................... No.................. 8,862 6,406
Hat trimmings, artificial flowers, etc...................................... 444
Mattresses, cotton, kapok, moss, and hair..........................
Absorbent cotton, gauge and sterilized bandages..............
No.................. 838 4, 615
Lb.................. 2, 215 939
Garters and armbands.................................................................... Doz. pair... 17 49
Suspenders and braces.................................................................... Doz................ 18 70
Other textile manufactures........................................................... 1,563
178 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No . 51—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM PUERTO RICO TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 4 "VVoon and Pape r ...................................... 182,144
Wood , Unmanuf actur ed :
Hardwood logs and timber...................................................... M. ft............ 9 287
Douglas fir .................................................................... M. ft............. 3 152
Railroad ties—piling ............................................................ Lin. ft.......... 848 166
Other piling ..................................................................... Lin. ft.......... 84 40
Firewood and other unmanufactured wood.......................... 25
Wood Sem im anufactures , Sawmi ll Products :
Sawed timber:
Southern pine ......................................................................... M. ft............ 40 2,867
Douglas fir ............................................................ M. ft............. 20 155
Other soft wood semimanufactures...................................... M. ft............ 11 845
Boards, planks, and scantlings:
Douglas fir:
Rough .................................................................................... M. ft............ 5 115
Dressed .......................................................................... M. ft........... 131 6, 036
Southern pine:
Rough .............................................................. M. ft............ 554 22, 867
Dressed ...................................................... M. ft............ 322 11,169
White ponderosa and sonar pine ........................................ M. ft............ 25 873
Redwood ...................................................... M. ft............. 70 4, 568
Spruce ................................................................ M. ft............ 3 93
Wood Manufactures :
Cooperage:
Tight empty barrels casks and hogsheads...................... No.................. 1, 385 2,811
Box shooks .................................................. Bd. ft............ 1,200 105
Veneer packages for fruit and vegetables.......................... 13
Plywood douglas fir ..................................................... Sq. ft............ 1,296 58
Other plywood ................................................... Sq. ft............ 31,715 2,666
Doors .................................................................................................. No.................. 60 639
Trimmings and mouldings ....................................................... Lin. ft.......... 3,700 808
Other mill work and house fixtures.......................................... 304
Furniture of wood:
Chairs ..................................................................... No.................. 735 3, 764
Office furniture and store fixtures .............................. 168
Other wood furniture ...................................... 12, 868
Boat oars and paddles ...................... .. ................... No.................. 10 12
Hoe fork shovel bronw and other long handles................. 7 16
Handles for striking tools (including hammer, hatchet,
naUUrZrAe , aqvA , Dcdioedncirpc , mattock pniivcnk. , efc.i .................................. 165 259
190
Other wood manufactures .......................................... 823
Cork manufactures............................................................................... Lb.................. 1,108 108
Pape r and Manufac tures :
Printing paper:
Lb.................. 340, 737 9, 428
Book paper, not coated............................................................. Lb.................. 45, 552 3, 326
P.nuor nanp.r ...................................................... Lb.................. 1, 664 87
Grease proof and waterproof paper (include cellophane
in sheets) .................................................... Lb.................. 2,072 143
vOvxTeorirsiasaunen da-niiLdi unilud. THlAcwWoSDpAapDveri ........................................................................................... Lb.................. 4, 660 100
Lb.................. 365, 998
17, 217
12, 602
IZroft wi'anninc‘ naWneldr ppiU-g pdpCzX......................................................................................................L... b.................. 783 Lb.................. 320 20
mnilot naner .................................................. Lb.................. 621, 242 47, 259
Lb.................. 9, 851 723
Boxboard (paper board and strawboard).............................. Lb.................. 27,484
29, 838
1,037
fYfbpr nanpr board .............................................. Lb.................. 1,592
QUnn+bi-ncr and hnildinp- naner and sisalkraft...................... Lb.................. 1, 625
851
biieaiumg chil l uLLiiviiuLg unu ......................................... 75
Tilnttinpr naner .......................................................... Lb.................. 85
Filing folders index cards and other office forms........... Lb.................. 1, 054 250
Lb.................. 259, 547 11,154
Panpr hac^ ...................................................... Lb.................. 164, 322 9,992
Lb.................. 19, 600 1, 559
TP.TiTrplnnPS .......................................................... Lb.................. 985 143
COnacSLIl -1r aergriibcitepir cdiunHll caLd'-dlviiningg mmaaucihiiiHnue naner ............................................. Lb.................. 901 77
/Xfbpr nanpr and naner nr od nets . ................................ 5, 839
— ■— - ■ ■ —
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 179
Exhib it No . 51—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM PUERTO RICO TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-35
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 5. Nonmeta llic Mine rals . ..
203, 883
Coal and Relat ed Products :
Bituminous.......................... Ton.............. 5
35
60
464
Petro leu m and Products :
Gasoline and other petroleum motor fuel in bulk..........
Gasoline and other petroleum motor fuel in containers.
Mineral spirits....
Ton.............
Bbl............ 16,432
6,833
50
32
5, 779
5, 933
373
9,486
10, 797
1, 632
22
271
110
25
591
150,870
1, 003
6
45,141
18, 588
14
64
15,149
15, 626
1, 149
35, 554
15, 870
20, 296
293
3, 425
1, 582
14
401
6,532
80
145
Bbl........
Gal
Naphtha solvents and other finished light products Gasoline, naphtha and other finished light products in Bbl........
bulk..................... Bbl
Gasoline, naphtha and other finished products in containers
.............
Illuminating oil (kerosene) in bulk Bbl
Illuminating oil (kerosene) in containers Bbl Gas, oil and distillate fuel oil... Bbl Lubricating oil (red and pale).. . Bbl Black lubricating oil... Bbl
Cylinder lubricating oil. .. Gal Cylinder lubricating oil. . . Bbl
Insulating or transformer oil... Gal
Light lubricating oils in small packages . Gal Lubricating greases... Lb Refined paraffine wax........................................ Lb..................
Cement, hydraulic........
Ton................
Bbl 75
75
4,100
309
309
6, 105
White non-staining Portland cement. Bbl Lime (including agricultural)......... Bbl
Glas s and Glas s Products :
Window and other plate glass.
Other glass................................. Lb.................. 133 33
337
3,936
297
506
9
73
385
209
712'
Glass containers...
Vials................................ ..................................................................
Table glassware (plain)............. 610
1 aDle and other glassware cut or engraved...
Lamp chimneys and lantern globes...
Globes and shades for lighting fixtures...
Chemical glassware..............................................
Other glassware Lb.................. 211
Clay and Clay Products :
Clay and clay products....
_____________
625
165
338
1,878
753
14
227
234
164
176
125
52
78
lable, toilet or kitchen ware...
Electrical porcelain for less than 6,600 volts.. Lb 1, 371 Water closet sets...............
Other earthenware plumbing fixtures...
Other earthen, stone crockery ware.
Closet bowls and water closet sets 56
Lavatories, sinks, etc.. 44
Other china and porcelain...
All other shapes of fire clay bricks or tiles.. M.. 2 Chemical stone ware...
Wall and floor tiles.... Sq ft 1,122
1
162
Standard 9 inch series of fire clay bricks M... Earthen floor and wall tiles... M
Other Nonmeta llic Mine rals , Exce pt Pre cious -
Abrasives:
Wheels of emery and corundum... Lb 80
15
410
998
5,2072
50
20
119
89
532
348
11
5
22
21
36
42
1, 675
228
Abrasive paper and cloth... .
Other artificial abrasives... Lb Asbestos:
Textiles, yarn and packing.......... Lb
Other asbestos manufactures, except roofing Lb.. Carbon brushes and stocks... Lb
Graphite, crude, refined and manufactures Lb Other carbon or graphite products...
Chalk manufactures... . Lb 304
440
652
98, 194
5,507
Plaster calcined and manufactures, n. e. s............
Magnesia and manufactures........................
Salt
Lb..................
Lb..................
Talc, crude in bulk......................................................... Lb..................
Lb..................
180 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhi bi t No . 51—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM PUERTO RICO TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 5—Continued
Other Nonmeta llic Miner als , etc.—Continued
Talc and. soapstone crude and ground............................... 42
Other nonmetallic mineral products except precious.......... 2,190
Group 6. Met als and Manuf actures , Excep t
Machin ery an tj Vehicles .................................... 627, 500
Iron and Steel Sem im anufactures :
Iron and steel scrap ...................................................... Ton................ 5,966 30, 536
Iron bars ....................................................................................... Lb.................. 37, 566 ’ 923
Concrete reinforcement bars .................................................. Lb.................. 120, 840
290, 848
1,999
Steel bars ...................................................................... Lb.................. 4, 702
Alloy steel bars .............................................................. Lb.................. 135 27
Other steel bars ...................................................... Lb.................. 120,930 2,076
Wire rods ............................................................... Lb.................. 2,206 191
Other plates not fabricated .......................................... Lb.................. 38, 355
4,912
2,694
Iron sheets. .................................................................... Lb.................. 217
Steel sheets ....................................................... Lb.................. 255, 007 7,903
412
Structural iron and steel:
P ot rolled iron ore ........................................................... Lb.................. 14, 540
Water, gas, oil and other storage tanks complete and
knocked down material. .......................................... Lb.................. 181,958 7, 614
Structural iron shapes (not fabricated steel or iron)....... 2 84
Structural shapes (fabricated) .................................... 107 15, 900
8,808
2,682
513
Frames sashes and sheet piling............................................ Lb.................. 172,402
74
Railway track material:
Rails fid pounds and over per vard................................. Ton................
Rail joints splice bars, fish plates and tie-plates......... Lb.................. 27,860
Switches frogs and crossings................................................... Lb.................. 1,274 75
Railroad spikes .................................................... Lb.................. 19,100 439
Railroad bolts nuts washers and nut locks................... Lb.................. 4,949 304
Tubular products and fittings:
Seamless boiler tubes ................................................... Lb.................. 4, 255 228
Welded boiler tubes ................................................... Lb.................. 5, 733
725, 272
3,700
685
Seamless casing and oil line pipe.......................................... Lb.................. 124,083
Welded casing and oil line pipe............................................ Lb.................. 71
Malleable iron screwed pipe fittings................................... Lb.................. 282 53
Cast iron screwed pipe fittings.............................................. Lb.................. 2,971 348
Cast iron pressure pipe and fittings.................................... Lb.................. 378,884
40,120
12,055
Cast soil pipe and fittings .......................................... Lb.................. 988
Steal welded black pipe ............................................ Lb.................. 25,186
18, 712
1,124
Wrought iron (welded black pipe)...................................... Lb.................. 848
Steel wrelded galvanized pipe .......................................... Lb.................. 173, 540
42, 515
1,742
19,812
143, 550
26,822
7,604
273
Wrought iron welded galvanized pipe................................ Lb..................
Wire and manufactures:
Iron or steel "wire uncoated.................................................... Lb..................
Galvanized wire ........................................................ Lb.................. 1,115
3, 717
54
Rarbed wire .................................................... Lb..................
Woven wire fencing ............................................ Lb.................. 710
Wire rope .................................................... Lb.................. 5,435 1,133
Insulated wire or steel wire and cable............................... Lb.................. 3,003
46,489
511
Other wire and manufactures .......................................... Lb............ 3,484
Nails and bolts (except railroad):
W ire nails ................................................................................ Lb.................. 40, 894
575
1,153
Horseshoe nails.............................................................................. Lb.................. 70
Tacks ............................................................................ Lb.................. 375 46
Other nails including staples ................................................ Lb.............. 14, 642 754
Bolts machine screws, nuts, rivets and washers.......... Lb.................. 35, 460
893
3,983
119
Castings and forgings:
Iron castings ............................................................ Lb..................
Cutlery:
Scissors, shears and snips (except pruning, grass, hedge
and sheep shears) . .......................................................... 1 10
Machine knives .......................................................... 1 39
Other cutlery and parts (include cutlery sharpening
devices) .................................................................................... Doz................ 555
Hollow ware:
Tin and galvanized hollow ware............................................ Lb.............. 1, 589
709
205
Tin cans (finished or unfinished).......................................... Lb 123
Enameled ware of iron or steel:
Bathtubs ........................................................................ No.................. 65 1,288
lavatories sinks and other plumbing fixtures............... No.................. 251 1, 214
Enameled household ware........................................................ Lb.................. 217 53
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 181
Exhi bi t No . 51—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM PUERTO RICO TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 6—Continued
Iron and Steel Semi man ufa ctur es —Continued
Metal furniture and fixtures:
Sheet-metal lockers and storage cabinets......................
Other office furniture and fixtures...............
No.................. 27 415
30
Metal beds and bedsprings........................................ No 3 86
Other metal furniture.........................
Stoves and furnaces, except electric:
Heating stoves and warm air furnaces............................
Cast iron parts of stoves and furnaces...................
No.................. 1 15
Parts of gas, kerosene and gasoline stoves and heaters. 73
Tools:
Axes (broad and hand).................................
50
103
80
328
370
79
277
193
271
178
901
171
Hack saw blades......................................... 8
Crosscut, hand back and other saws (include hack
saw frames)......................................
Files and rasps................................................ 327
6
30
Hammers and hatchets..............................................................
Shovels and spades..................................................
Doz................
Other wrenches (except automotive)........................
Drills and reamers...................................................
Hand operated pipe and thread cutters, screw plates,
stocks, dies and taps............................................
Mechanics’ and other hand tools, n.e.s..................
Other mechanic tools, n.e.s...................................
Hardware:
Padlocks of iron, steel, brass and bronze..........................
Door locks and lock sets of iron, steel, brass and bronze.
Hinges and butts, iron or steel..............................................
Other builders’ hardware......................................
Doz................
Doz................
Doz. pair. ..
18
2
102
138
34
166
Furniture hardware..................................................... 91
Saddlery and harness hardware......................... 258
Car and marine hardware........................................ 80
Other hardware.......................................................... 454
33
49
538
174
2
323, 856
5,425
Sewing machine needles.............................................. M 19
Chains:
Sprocket and other transmission...........................................
Other chains................................................................
Lb..................
Lb
117
2, 671
20
8
Scales and balances.................................................. No
Wood screws...........................................................
Metal drums and containers for oil, gas, and other
liquids..........................................................
Other iron and steel manufactures.................................
Alumi num and Manufactures :
Table, kitchen and hospital utensils...................................
Other aluminum manufactures..............................
Lb.................. 12 159
203
Cop per :
Plates and sheets.............................. . . Lb 401
10
1, 824
3,358
1,811
132
13, 900
Rods.................... Lb 9
263
659
453
27
Wire................ Lb
Insulated copper wire and cable:
Rubber-covered wire.................................. Lb
Weatherproof wire................................................ Lb
Telephone cable......................................... Lb
Other insulated copper wire.............................................. Lb 1,711
Other copper manufactures.................................................... 408
Bras s and Bronz e :
Bars and rods......................................................... Lb 62, 200
384
99
Plates and sheets........................................................ Lb 194
190
105
362
Pipes and tubes.................................................... Lb 1,483
154
786
165
Pipe fittings and valves.......................................................... Lb
Plumbers’ brass goods.............................. Lb
Brass wood-screws....................................................
Other hardware of brass or bronze, including locks........
Other brass and bronze manufactures....................................
5
799
Lea d and Manufac tures :
Lead pipe..................... Lb 119 9
199
117
Lead solder............ Lb 658
Other lead manufactures...................
Tin and manufactures................ 48
Babbitt metal........................... Lb 504 325
Other metals and alloys in primary shapes............................. Lb.................. 10 22
182 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No . 51—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM PUERTO RICO TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 6—Continued
Plated ware other than sold or silver, except cutlerv............... 500
Other metals and metal composition manufactures............. 1,853
All other jewelry ... . ...................................................... 51
Silver plate tablewear........................................................................ 53
Gold manufactures, n. e. s. (plated and solid) ....................... 42
Silver manufactures, n. e. s. (plated and sterling).................. 23
Group 7 Machin ery and Vehi cles 313,147
34
Ele ctri cal Machi nery and Apparatus :
Accessories and parts for generators....................................
Batteries:
Storage batteries, 6 and 12 volts........................................... No.................. 233 1,204
Other storage batteries............................................................... Cell................ 88 269
Dry-cell batteries No 6............................................................ No.................. 250 53
Flash light batteries .................................................. Cell................ 1, 722
2,128
189
75
Radio B-C batteries, dry........... .................................... Cell................ 108
Other dry and wet cell primary batteries........................ No.................. 563
Transformers:
Instrument transformers............................................................ No.................. 4 85
Other transformers ...................................................... No.................. 8 301
Power switches and circuit breakers over 10 amperes 60
Watt-hour and other measuring meters................................ No.................. 315 1,833
Electrical indicating instruments.............................................. No.................. 3 410
Lighting arresters, choke coils, reactors and parts............ 101
Motors:
Stationary motors, 1 to 200 horsepower......................... No.................. 3 2,250
3,586
88
Stationary motors, over 200 horsepower............................ No.................. 2
Portable electric tools................................................................. No.................. 1
Accessories and parts for motors 285
Electric refrigerators and parts:
Household ........................................................................ No.................. 39 4,131
Commercial up to 1—ton ........................................................ No.................. 2 646
Parts for electric refrigerators................................................ 420
Flash light cases................................................................................ No.................. 266 122
Electric fans .............................................................. No.................. 36 112
Bulbs:
Electric incandescent light bulbs, auto flash lights
and Xmas, trees .......................................................... No.................. 2,950
1, 348
108
Other metal filament bulbs .................................................. No.................. 234
Other electric lamp bulbs........................................................ No.................. 3,715 1,535
Electric flat-iron ............................................................................ No.................. 444 565
Electric cooking ranges ........................................................ No.................. 6 409
Other domestic heating and cooking devices... No.................. 34 461
Radio apparatus:
Transmitting sets tubes and parts... 119
Receiving sets .......................................................... No.................. 38 1,836
Receiving tubes .................................................... No.................. 153 101
Receiving set components ....................................... 529
Loud speakers................................................................................ No.................. 1 36
Other receiving set accessories 112
Telephone equipment:
Re.lJs buzzers anunciators and alarms 20
Other telephone equipment ...................................... 145
Starting lighting and ignition equipment............................ 10
Insulatinn material .................................................... Lb.................. 358 104
Metal conduit outlet and switch boxes.. 259
Sockets outlets fuse blocks and lighting switches......... No.................. 14, 234 1,131
Electric inferior lighting fixtures 762
Ofher wiring supplies and line materials . 375
Other electric, apparatus n e s 802
Indus tr ial Machi nery :
Locomotives parts and accessories 2,294
Steam boilers and fire tubes ...................................... Sq. ft............. 396 3, 340
Steam specialties, injectors, gauges, safety valves, steam
trap4' boilers tn he cleaners 530
Engines:
Not over 10 H P stationarv portable engines............... No.................. 1 62
Accessories and parts (carburetors) ... 344
Water wheels water tubing and parts ... 66
Dredging machinery . . .......................................... 650
Concrete mixers . ............................................................ No.................. 1 350
Other road making equipment and parts............................. 110
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 183
Exhib it No . 51—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM PUERTO RICO TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES .
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 7—Continued
Indust rial Machiner y —Continued
Other construction equipment and parts..............................
Other mining and quarrying machinery...............................
Derricks (except mining)..............................................................
.......................... 199
986
48,411
Other petroleum well and refinery machinery................... 5,544
Other well drilling apparatus...................................................... 20
Pumping equipment:
Centrifugal pumps....................................................................
Rotary pumps................................................................................
Reciprocating steam pumps....................................................
Hand and wind-mill pumps...................................................
Other pumps and parts.............................................................
Other lathes.........................................................................................
Rolling mill machinery..................................................................
No..................
No..................
No..................
No..................
No..................
No..................
63121
1
338
252
150
70
6,982
21
3,225
Foundry and moulding equipment.......................................... 76
Other portable and hand or foot operated metal-working
machines and parts including acetylene welding outfits. 220
Other metal-working machine tools........................................
Sewing machines and parts:
For domestic use...........................................................................
For factory or industrial use...................................................
Sewing machine parts.................................................................
Rice mill machinery........................................................................
Other sugar-mill machinery.........................................................
Paper and pulp mill machinery................................................
No..................
No..................
17
1
22
515
375
293
2,358
93,883
21
Other woodworking machinery and parts (except drags
110
200
3, 900
saw).....................................................................................................
Blowers and ventilating machinery.........................................
Bottling and bottle-vasing or bottle-labeling machinery.. ..........................
Refrigerating equipment (over 1 not over 10 ton capacity)
Ball and roller-bearing and parts............................................. ..........................193
126
Iron or steel body valves and parts for steam, water, oil
191
4,882
or gas..................................................................................................
Other industrial machinery and parts, n. e. s..................... ..........................
Off ice Applianc es :
Listing adding machines...............................................................
Calculating machines......................................................................
Others, including used and rebuild.........................................
Lubricating machine parts and supplies for........................
No..................
No..................
No..................
42
4
366
203
155
163
Cash register parts........................................................................... 11
Standard typewriters (new)........................................................
Portable typewriters (new)..........................................................
Used and rebuilt typewriters......................................................
Typewriter parts...............................................................................
Other office appliances...................................................................
No..................
No..................
No..................
3
1
4
192
50
210
83
131
Print ing and Bookbinding Machine ry :
Printing and type-setting machinery and accessories........ 312
Agricult ural Machi nery and Imp le ment s :
Dairy equipment and parts for farm use.......................... 6,075
Small sprayers for garden and household use.....................
Horse and power plows.................................................................
Harrows.................................................................................................
Other cultivating implements and parts...............................
Other harvesting implements and parts................................
Tractors and parts:
60 and over drawbar H.P. tracklaying tractors (carburetors
type)........................................................................
35 to 59 drawbar H. P. tracklaying tractors....................
60 and over drawbar H.P. tracklaying tractors (fuel
injection type)........................................................................
Parts and accessories for tractors..........................................
Other agricultural machinery, implements and parts ...
No..................
No..................
No..................
No..................
No..................
No..................
130
100
26
12
3
147
6,238
1,505
1,052
82
1,615
7,134
14,154
1,859
658
Automobi le s and Othe r Vehic les :
1 and not over 1)4 ton motor trucks and busses.............. No.................. 10 5, 734
Over 114, not over 2)4 ton motor trucks and busses.... No.................. 2 1,208
Over 2J4 ton motor trucks and busses...................................
Passenger cars not over $850........................................................
Passenger cars over $850 and not over $2,000......................
Passenger cars over $1, 200 and not over $2,000..................
No..................
No..................
No..................
No..................
2
27
12
1,998
15,923
1,000
3,100
184 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No . 51—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM PUERTO RICO TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 7—Continued
Auto mo bil es and Othe r Vehic les —Continued
Second passenger cars...................................................................... No.................. 3 2, 350
Automobile parts for assembly.................................................. 2
Automotive pistons.......................................................................... 10
Automobile valves............................................................................
175
275
Spark plugs.......................................................................................... No.................. 256
Automotive gear, n.e.s.................................................................. 6
Auto and truck springs.................................................................. 134
Auto parts for replacement, n.e.s............................................. 4, 337
Other auto accessories, n.e.s........................................................
Pumps for gasoline and oil (for auto tire service)............ No..................
137
22 1,458
Other auto service accessories..................................................... 302
Trailers (auto).................................................................................... No.................. 1 2, 000
Other aircraft partsand accessories, except tires................ 5, 558
Bicycles.................................................................................................. No.................. 2 52
Motorcycles.......................................................................................... No.................. 3 839
Motor boats with engines installed.......................................... No.................. 2 350
Parts for freight car (except axles and wheels)..................
100
134
Wheelbarrows...................................................................................... No.................. 286
Other vehicles and parts............................................................... 15, 605
Group 8. Chemi cals and Relat ed Products ................... .......................... 99,605
Coal Tar Products :
Coal tar, colored dye stains and color lakes........................
Other coal-tar products, exclusive of medicine..................
Lb.................. 15 15
Lb.................. 683 75
Medic inal and Pharm ace utic al Prep arations :
Castor oil............................................................................................... Gal................. 9 14
White mineral oil.............................................................................. Gal................. 14 116
Biologies for animal and veterinary use................................ 723
Serums and antitoxins for human use.................................... 33
Vaccines for human use................................................................. 120
Glandular products, organotherapeutics, enzymes, ferments
and culture media..........................................................
Elixirs, cordials, tinctures, extracts and similar liquid
88
solutions............................................................................................. 1,777
Tablets, pills, capsules, powders, ointments and similar
manufactures................................................................................... 1, 196
Household pharmaceuticals in small packages....................
Solids (alum, boric acid, sulphur, soda, Epsom and .......................... 540
Rochelle salts, etc.)...................................................................... 9
Liquids (camphorated oil, aromatic spirits of ammonia,
etc.)..................................................................................................... 62
Mouth washes, gargles and personal antiseptics................ 194
Plasters.................................................................................................. 50
Liniments............................................................................................ 8
Salves and ointments for burns, cuts, skin diseases, etc... 997
Cough, cold, catarrh and bronchial infection preparations,
Vicks, mentholatum, musterole, etc......................................
Cold, cough and bronchial preparations (other than .......................... 1,010
above)................................................................................................ 552
Asthma, catarrh, etc., preparations.......................................... 217
Tonics, blood purifiers, etc..........................................................
• Milk of magnesia..............................................................................
2, 593
241
Digestive preparations............... ,.................................................. 14
Other proprietary medicinal preparations............................. 927
Indu st ri al Chem ica ls , Incl udi ng Speci alti es :
Agricultural insecticides................................................................. Lb.................. 1,749 170
Liquid household insecticides..................................................... Lb.................. 49 12
Household disinfectants, deodorants, germicides, etc....... Lb.................. 1,899 123
Baking powder....................................................................... .•......... Lb.................. 2, 735 182
Petroleum jelly.................................................................................. Lb.................. 3, 711 310
Cementing preparations, etc........................................................ Lb.................. 25, 256 898
Metal working compounds.......................................................... Lb.................. 40 33
Pyroxylin plastic film support................................................... Lb.................. 6 12
Specialty cleaning............................................................................. Lb.................. 69 3
Metal and stove polishers............................................................ Lb.................. 138 23
Shoe polishers and shoe cleaners............................................... Lb.................. 2,048 301
Floor wax, wood and furniture polishes................................
Flavoring extracts.............................................................................
Lb.................. 1, 130 65
Gal................. 2 18
Other chemical specialty compounds...................................... 3, 096
Acids and anhydrides................................................................... Lb.................. 759 95
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 185
Exhib it No . 51—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM PUERTO RICO TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 8—Continued
Indust rial Chemicals , Incl udi ng Spe ci alt ies —Cont.
Hydrochloric acid (muriatic).................................................. Lb.................. 80, 740
657
1,870
49
281
850
516
500
100
100
3,602
426
100
71, 727
24, 000
600
199, 500
8,902
150
28, 739
12, 233
2,865
51
70
17
76
111
278
15
65
318
80
6
702
375
15
4, 704
285
30
10,884
847
Boric acid ........................................................................... Lb..................
Other inorganic acids, etc . . Lb..................
Glycerine ............................................................................ Lb..................
Acetone ....................................................................... Lb..................
Carbon bisulphide ............................................................... Lb..................
Other organic chemicals................................................................. Lb..................
Aluminum sulphate......................................................................... Lb..................
Calcium carbide................................................................................. Lb..................
Copper sulphate ................................................................. Lb..................
Hydrogen peroxide........................................................................... Lb..................
Potassium compounds, etc........................................................... Lb..................
Borate (borax).................................................................................... Lb..................
Silicate (water glass)....................................................................... Lb..................
Soda ash and sal sosa..................................................................... Lb..................
Bicarbonate ............................................................ Lb..................
Hydroxide in drums ........................................................ Lb..................
Other sodium compounds............................................................. Lb..................
Other gases (refrigerants).............................................................. Lb..................
Other gases, n. e. s... ............................................................. Lb..................
Other industrial chemicals............................................................ Lb..................
Pigm ent s , Paint s and Varni sh es :
Mineral earth pigments............................................................. Lb.................. 5,700
1,997
1, 000
2, 941
469
196
70
224
71
550
1,040
17
19
4, 007
505
Zinc oxide ................................................................. Lb..................
White lead (in oil) ....................................................................... Lb..................
Other chemical pigments ............................................................. Lb..................
Bituminous paints, etc ...............................................................
Paste paint . ........................................................................... Lb.................. 6,185
18,837
7
17
3,197
533
Kalsomine or cold-water paint...................................................
Pigmented nitrocellulose ...........................................................
Lb..................
Gal.................
Thinners for nitrocellulose lacquers..........................................
Heady mixed paints, etc .................................................
Gal.................
Gal.................
Varnishes foil or spirit) ......................................................... Gal.................
Fer ti li ze rs and Ferti li zer Materi al :
Ammonium sulphate ......................................................... 94
30
3,183
1,318
23
18, 093
Superphosphate . .........................................................
Potassic fertilizer materials .........................................................
Prepared fertilizer mixtures ................................................. 478
Soap and Toi le t Prep arations :
Soaps:
Medicated .............................................................................. Lb.................. 556
13,142
157, 022
675
366
170
117
3,492
104
351
1,947
8,196
58
48
98
33
1,790
61
326
505
32
26
155
15 6
12
5
41
2,171
8, 644
6,513
Toilet or fancy soap .................................................................. Lb..................
Laundry............................................................................................. Lb..................
Powdered or flaked...................................................................... Lb..................
Scouring soaps, bricks, etc...................................................... Lb..................
Shaving cream.................................................................................. Lb..................
Shaving cakes, powders, etc........................................................ Lb..................
Dental creams..................................................................................... Lb..................
Other dentifrices ............................................................................. Lb..................
Talcum powder (in packages''....................................................
Face powders.....................................................................................
Cold cream ......................................................................................... Lb.................. 81
Vanishing cream ............................................................................ Lb.................. 68
Other creams, lotions and balms...............................................
Lipsticks .....................................................................................
Other cosmetics ................ ............................................................
Manicuring preparations................................................................
Depilatories and deodorants........................................................
Hair preparations ...........................................................................
Perfumery and toilet waters ................................................
Other toilet preparations...............................................................
Group 9. Mis cel laneous ..................................................... 46,457
Photogr aphi c and Proj ecti on Good s :
Parts of cameras except lenses.................................................... 60
40
124
96
150
Substandard gauge........................................................................... No.................. 1
2,000
2,500
Motion-picture sound equipment including records........
Silent films (negatives) .................................................................
Silent positive newsreels................................................................ Lin. ft..........
186 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No . 51—Continued
SHIPMENTS OF MERCHANDISE FROM PUERTO RICO TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES,.
BY ARTICLES, FISCAL YEAR 1935-36
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 9—Continued
Phot ograp hi c and Project ion Goods —Continued
Sound films (positive).................................................................... Lin. ft 1, 816, 738
2,125, 605
10
6,342
7,036
50
29
Sound positive newsreels............................................................... Lin. ft ..
Other sensitized films not exposed........................................... No .
Photographic paper.................*...................................................... Lb.... 38
Other photographic paper............................................................. 5
Other photographic apparatus.................................................... 31
Scie nt if ic and Profe s s ional Inst rum ent s , Appa rat us
and Sup pl ie s :
Dental office equipment................................................................ 68
Other dental equipment................................................................. 2
Sterilizers............................................................................................... No 1 300
Surgical and medical instruments............................................. 142
Surgical appliances, etc.................................................................. 125
Surveying and engineering instruments, etc........................ 25
Other scientific, laboratory and professional instruments,
etc..................................................................................................... 672
Mus ic al Inst rum ent s :
Phonographs.................................................................................... No........ 2 50
Phonograph records, etc................................................................. 120
Refillable pencils, etc.......................................................................... 116
Other pencils........................................................................................... Doz........ 660 212
Other mechanical pencils................................................................... Gross... 8 90
Fountain pen parts.............................................................................. Doz. .. 72 12
Writing ink... ?........................................................... ................ 8
Thumbtacks............................................................................................. Lb.......... 30 3
Carbon paper.......................................................................................... Lb. 61 35
Typewriter ribbons.............................................................................. Doz. 18 55
Other office supplies............................................................................. 1,446
141
Toys :
Childrens’ wheel goods and parts.............................................
Dolls and parts.................................................................................. 18
Other toys except rubber.............................................................. 260
Fishing rods, reels, etc....................................................................... 113
Other athletic and sporting goods................................................ 105
Ammunition.................................................... 16
Book s and Phamp hlet s :
Bound educational textbooks...................................................... 416
Other bound books.......................................... .................. 19
Catalogues and pamphlets.........................................................
Music in books and sheets...........................................................
25
Lithographically printed matter, except post-cards, etc....... 1,314
5,695.
33
Other printed matter............................. '. .*. .
Clocks and Watches :
Clocks (electric)............................................................................. No.............. 12
One day alarm clocks..................................................................... No.................. 144 149
Other clocks and parts................................................................... 19
Watches without Jewels............................. ................ No............ 86 83
Painting and statuary......................................................................... 250
Rings of synthetic resin, etc............................................................ 5
Bottle and container closures.......................................................... 2,100 447
Asphalt roofing............................................................... ............ 110
Billiard tables and accessories......................................................... 43
Buttons.................................................................. Gross... 1.095
96
165
Lanterns (wicks)............................................... No............ 71
Other lighting devices.......................................... 30
Fire-lighting equipment..................................................................... 237
Manufactures of cellulose compounds, n. e. s........ 44
Toothbrushes............................... ?...................... . Doz.... 201 478
Toilet brushes................................................. Doz.............. 10 59
Paint brushes.................................. 27 124
Other brushes................................................. Doz................ 29 58
Plates and cuts, electrotype, etc................. Lb.................. 214 158
Notions, cheap novelties, etc........................................................... 991
Household refrigerators (except electric)....................................
Soda fountain equipment..................................................................
No.................. 15 419
125.
Other soda fountain equipment................................. 60
Trunks................................... * ...................... No.. 460 1, 492.
10, 651
4, 608
Household and personal effects..............................
All other articles................................. —
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 187
Exhib it No . 52
Commer ce of Puerto Rico
Fisca l Year Ende d June 30, 1936
IMPORTS FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES BY ARTICLES
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Tota l Valu e ................................................................................... 6, 414, 882
ci -rottp oo Anima ls and Anim al Prod ucts , Edible .... 1,129, 604
Anim als Edib le , Excep t fo r Breedi ng :
Chickens, ducks, gees© and guineas................................ Lb.................. 20, 401 7,762
Meat Products :
Beef and veal:
"Beef and vp .a .I pickled or cured. ............................ Lb.................. 1,122, 423
14, 784
54, 758
Veal ........................................................................................ Lb.................. 795
Beef including corned beef................................................... Lb.................. 414,930 30, 465
3,727
10, 492
371
Pork:
Hams, shoulders and bacon .............................................. Lb.................. 9,412
19,471
363
Pork, pickled, salted and other......................................... Lb..................
Poultry and game. .......................................................... Lb..................
Meats n e s , including liver paste............................... Lb.................. 248 76
Other prepared and preserved meats.................................. Lb.................. 60 13
Animal Oils and Fats , Edible :
Lard ...................................................................... Lb.................. 573 72
Hard compounds and lard substitutes.............................. Lb.................. 159,185
35,886
11,076
Oleomargarine and other butter, etc................................... Lb.................. 3,294
Dairy Products :
Milk and cream:
Cream ...................................................... Gal................. 250 429
Sweetened milk, canned .......................................... Lb.................. 1,052 88
Whole-milk, dried. .............................................. Lb.................. 2, 381 1,580
Malted milk and compounds, etc ............................ Lb.................. 2, 272
71. 089
706
Butter . ................................................... Lb.................. 30, 622
Cheese .................................................. Lb.................. 748,835 80, 274
Fis h :
Salted, pickled, or dry-cured:
Cod haddock, hake, pollock, eusk ............................ Lb.................. 25, 824,080
9, 850
831,194
Salmon .......................................................... Lb.................. 468
FTerring ........................................ Lb.................. 1,482,147 40,022
Mackerel ......................................................... Lb.................. 12, 000 504
Fish, canned:
Sardines ................................................ Lb.................. 1,984 137
Tunafish .............................................. Lb.................. 5,396 1,081
Antipasto not over 9 cents a lb ........................ Lb.................. 4, 046 635
Salmon ....................................................................... Lb.................. 1,200 780
Shellfish:
Clams clam juice, oysters, etc .............................. Lb.................. 262 72
Canned lobsters .................................. Lb.................. 48 11
Other shellfish .................................................. Lb.................. 26,425 4,587
Other kinds of fish .................................... Lb.................. 1, 391 506
Eggs of poultry in the shell ...................................... Doz................ 1,245 123
Lb.................. 7,500 1,684
Group 0 A.nim ats and Anim at , Products , Inedibl e . 82, 015
Leat her :
Sole leather.............................................. ;................................. Lb............. 31, 328 28, 424
Leather Manufacture s :
Boots and shoes:
Men’s .............................................................. Pair................ 13 16
Women’s and misses’ ...................................... Pair................ 3, 207 2, 637
Children’s .......................................................... Pair................ 7, 082 4, 752
O th er .............................................. Pair................ 5, 379 3, 396
Slippers .................................................. Pair............... 42 27
Bags baskets belts, etc .......................................... 147
Cases boxes caskets etc .............................. 5
Pocketbooks purses pouchettes, etc .......................... 29
Harness ............................................ 308
Leather bind inn or covers etc .......................... 97
254
—
188 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No . 52—Continued
Commer ce of Puert o Rico
Fisca l Year Ende d June 30, 1936
IMPORTS FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES BY ARTICLES
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 0—Continued
Other kinds of fur................................................................... 518
Cod liver oil, inedible..................................................................... Gal................. 45 149
Horses, not over $150 per head.................................................. No.................. 1 100
Mules, not over $150 per head...................................................
Bones, hoofs and horns..................................................................
No.................. 36 3, 240
Gelatin....................................................................................................
Glue of animals........................................................................
Lb..................
Lb..................
2,500
7,226
562
1, 628
Mother of pearl shells..................................................................... Lb.................. 168, 003 27, 914
Other shells.......................................................................................... Lb.................. 30,936 7, 321
Other sponges..................................................................................... Lb.................. 50 50
Fish sounds.......................................................................................... Lb.................. 1,148 434
Group 1. Vege tabl e Food Prod ucts a Beverage s ... ........................... 1,412, 583
Grains and Prep arati ons :
Corn.................................................................................................... Bu.................. 227, 575 120, 688
Cracked corn............................................................................... Bu.................. 176 114
Corn meal, flour, grits, etc....................................................... Lb.................. 12, 000 161
Cleaned or milled rice................................................................
Biscuits............................................................................
Lb.................. 11,065 373
999
Biscuits, wafers, puddings, etc..................................... 6,216
Macaroni, vermicelli, noodles, etc......................................... Lb.................. 13, 387 1, 320
Barley malt...................................................................................... Lb.................. 583, 659 20, 533
J lour and patent...........................................................................
Semolina, crushed, cracked, etc.............................................
Lb..................
Lb..................
13, 970
40
4,411
5
Fodd er s and Fee ds :
Hay...................................................................................................... Ton................ 174 1, 635
Bran and wheat short, etc....................................................... Ton................ 72 1,447
Vegetables and Prep arati ons :
Beans, dried..................................................................................... Lb.................. 2, 275.171 51, 286
Peas, dried........................................................................................
Other peas.........................................................................................
Lb.................. 556, 191 18, 778
Lb.................. 20, 588 4,022
Len t ils................................................................................................ Lb.................. 5, 500 202
Chick-peas or garbanzos, dried.............................................. Lb.................. 2, 628, 691 81, 052
Truffles............................................................................................... Lb.................. 22 54
Potatoes white or Irish.............................................................. Lb.................. 74, 347 1, 632
Garlic.................................................................................................. Lb.................. 2, 648, 949 163, 509
Cucumber pickles......................................................................... Lb.................. 28 25
Mushrooms....................................................................................... Lb.................. 454 156
Tomatoes........................................................................................... Lb.................. 500 23
Pimientos, packed or preserved............................................. Lb.................. 92, 688 7, 968
Vegetables, including horse-radish, etc...............................
Pastes, balls, puddings, hash, etc.......................................
Lb.................. 1, 636 368
54
Soups, soup rolls, soup cubes.................................................. Lb.................. 725 84
Chicory, ground or prepared...................................................
All other vegetables......................................................................
Lb.................. 188 216
10, 601
Fruit s and Nuts :
Plantains.................................................................................. 54, 793
Green olives in brine................................................................... Gal................. 59, 748 13,462
Ripe olives in brine.....................................................................
Pitted or stuffed olives................
Gal.................
Gal.................
53
213
27
433
Cherries (candied, prepared or preserved)........................
Raisins.............................
Lb..................
Lb..................
11
780
5
167
Dates in packages not more than 10 lbs........................... Lb.................. 240 20
Fig paste............................................................................................ Lb.................. 10, 354 1,152
Jellies, jams, marmalade, etc................................................... Lb.................. 758 244
Apricots, prepared or preserved............................................. Lb.................. 5,154 990
Fruit paste and fruit pulp....................................................... Lb.................. 1,113 151
Other fruit paste and pulp....................................................... Lb.................. 346, 280 17,411
Guavas, prepared or preserved................................................ Lb.................. 480 55
Candy, crystallized or glaced, etc......................................... Lb.................. 3,814 2, 062
Fruits, natural, in brine, pickled, etc................................. 972
Other fruits in brine, dried, etc.............................................
Chestnuts including marroons, etc....................................... Lb.................. 8, 284
182
381
Shelled almonds............................................................................. Lb.................. 6, 258 1,354
Almonds, not shelled................................................................... Lb.................. 1,080 225
Almonds, roasted, etc.................................................................. Lb.................. 290 75
Filberts, not shelled..................................................................... Lb.................. 52. 314 5.019
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 189
Exhib it No . 52—Continued
Commer ce of Puert o Rico
Fisca l Yea r Ende d June 30, 1936
IMPORTS FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES BY ARTICLES
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 1—Continued
Fruit s and Nuts —Continued
Other shelled nuts ,,,,.................................................. Lb.................. 7, 227
1,452
701
Other unshelied nuts................................................................... Lb.................. 125
Vege tabl e Oil s and Fats :
Lb.................. 1,860, 712
76, 500
238, 887
Lb.................. 5,104
Lb.................. 93,413
4,080
19, 604
12,895
149, 575
2, 000
4,355
436
1,305
777
17, 029
1,195
Lb..................
Lb..................
Chocolate, unsweetened................................................................. Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Spices :
Paprika, ground.............................. .. ...........................................
Cassia and cassia vera, unground.........................................
Lb..................
Lb..................
Lb..................
36, 863
6, 666
13, 600
7,818
19, 245
5, 268
194
725
748
2, 278
Lb ................
Cummin seed.................................................................................. Lb..................
Sugar and Relat ed Produ cts :
Cane ................................................................. Lb.................. 592
62,866
10
Sugar candy and confectionery.............................................. 26,181
Bev er age s :
Lb..................
Pf. gal.......... 9,147
67
34,458
7, 048
39, 392
2,244
12, 487
3, 262
7, 465
515
25
38
722
81, 802
30, 280
36,464
157
174,116
58,132
82,328
12,993
30, 909
2, 534
6, 253
766
96
23
992
80,197
24,193
Q |-Q ......................................................................... Pf. gal..........
Pf. gal..........
AVhiskey ................................................................ Pf. gal..........
Gal.................
Gal................
Other cordials, liqueurs and beverages...............................
Ginger ale and ginger beer (no alcohol)............................
Mineral water, natural or artificial......................................
Lemon juice, unconcentrated..................................................
Cherry juice, prune juice, etc.................................................
Grape juice, grape; sirup, etc...................................................
Cider (appi**) ..........................................................
Gal.................
Gal.................
Gal................
Gal.................
Gal................
Gal.................
Gal.................
Gal................
Malt liquors and malt extracts...............................................
Group 2. Vege tab le Products , Inedib le , Excep t
Fib ers and Wood ...................................................................
Gal.................
329, 897
Rubber and Manuf actures :
Lb.................. 390
6,984
8, 097
4, 477
10
2,100
2,578
150
8
2,420
3,748
77
104
1,146
1,201
14
82
23
Rubber footwear:
Pair................
Rubber snlpd footwear ............................................ Pair................
Rubber toys, balloons and balls............................................
Tires:
Auto tires (casings) ............................................
No..................
No..................
Bicycle tires ...................................................... No..................
Bicycle casings and single tubes....................................... No..................
Lb..................
Rubber hnQA find tllhinP" ...............................................
Other rubber manufactures ...................................... Lb................ 23
Lb................ 220
1, 056
110, 630
7, 793
308,445
38,156
6, 491
82
414
3,508
1,637
10, 716
1,882
2,999
Drugs, herbs, leaves and roots................................................. Lb................
Lb................
Vegetable oils medible ............................................ Lb................
Lb................
Lb................
Seeds, field and garden, except oil seeds.............................
Tobac co and Manufacture s :
Leaf for tobacco w^app^r ........................................
Lb...............
Lb................ 776
566, 577
66,169
1, 395
265, 617
21,897—
Cigar leaf .............................................. Lb................
Lb................
190 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No . 52—Continued
Comm erce of Puert o Rico
IMPORTS FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES BY ARTICLES
Fisca l Year Ende d June 30, 1936
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
Group 2—Continued
Brooms..................................... No Other inedible vegetable products............ 750 57
___________ ___ 3,152
Group 3. Texti le Fib ers and Manufac tur es ... 889, 571
Cott on Manufactures :
Cotton thread:
Sewing thread.............................................. Yd 512, 933
132,978
9, 357
Crochet, darning, and embroidery................................... Yd.................. 121
Cotton cloth:
Bleached................................................ 194, 470
108,140
Printed or dyed............................................. Sq. yd.......... 7, 717 6, 675
Tapestries, corduroys, plushes, and chenilles.............. 303
45
112
139
Table damask.........................................................
Table and bureau covers, etc....
•Quilts, or bedspreads, jacquard figured..............................
Towels, terry-woven..................................................
No..................
No
440
6,400
Other towels (not pile fabrics)............................................... No.................. 12 389
6
Cotton wearing apparel:
Gloves and mittens..................................... 575
3,710
Hosiery...................................... Doz. pair... 176
Underwear, not embroidered.............................. 1, 077
734
3, 079
83
Outerwear.................
Other wearing apparel........................................
Handkerchiefs and mufflers.....................................................
Knit fabric in the piece.............................................................
Articles wholly or in part of lace....
Doz................
Lb..................
1, 750
18, 521
221
4,237
42
20
1,126
Articles or fabrics embroidered..............................
Other cotton manufactures..............................................
Burlap and other woven fabrics................................................ Lb.................. 31, 250 2,284
Jut e and Manufact ure s :
Bags or sacks............... Kb 13, 037, 207
2,443
501, 571
932
72
Plain woven fabrics of jute........................................ Lb
Other jute manufactures.......................................
Flax, hemp and ramie manufactures.... —
306, 284
5, 825
25, 012
189
316
927
314
Kapok.......................................... 43
311, 763
2,586
Twine (binding) from Philippine Islands............................
Cordage of manila sisal..............................................
Lb..................
Lb
Chips and chip manufactures...
Other fibers........................ 8
Wool manufactures...................................................... Lb 2,656
Silk Manufactures :
Hosiery................................ 40
--------------------- -
Wearing apparel.... 22
Handkerchiefs and mufflers........................... No 730 39, 372
Other silk manufactures........................................ Lb 300 299
Rayon and Othe r Synthet ic Texti les :
Ribbons................................................. Tib 1,415 885
94
372
Gloves and mittens......................................
Embroideries.............
Hand-made laces.................................... Lb 699
Other rayon manufactures........................................ Lb 10, 068 898
1, 485
Straw braid (not bleached)..................... Yd 60,000 58
Hats of Straw or Fibe r :
Paper imitation Panama hats................................ .
Palm-leaf hats................................
No..................
No
16, 200
135
144
2,400
3,175
Straw hats, bleached..................... 342 No
Other bleached or colored hats............................................... No..................
96
_ 439
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 191
Exhibit No , 52—Continued
Comm erce of Puert o Rico
Fis cal Year Ended June 30, 1936
IMPORTS FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES BY ARTICLES
Articles Unit Quantity Dollars
□ I03 sg
Pa
E x h ib it N o . 62—C ontinued
T A B L E S H O W IN G G E N E R A L A V E R A G E S O F W E E K L Y W A G E S A N D W O R K IN G H O U R S A N D O F E A R N IN G S P E R H O U R O F W O R K E R S IN
V A R IO U S IN D U S T R IE S IN T H E IS L A N D O F P U E R T O R IC O , D U R IN G T H E F IS C A L Y E A R 1935-36, T O G E T H E R W IT H A S T A T E M E N T
O F T H E T O T A L N U M B E R O F E M P L O Y E E S A N D O F E S T A B L IS H M E N T S A N D F A R M S IN S P E C T E D
M ales
P a s t r y Sh o ps :
Males....
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 213
214 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No . 63
SMALL FARMS ESTABLISHED BY THE HOMESTEAD DIVISION UP TO JUNE 30, 1936
Municipality
Utuado...............................
Caguas................................
Ciales..................................
Patillas...............................
Orocovis.............................
San Lorenzo....................
Lares...................................
Arecibo...............................
Salmas................................
Luquillo.............................
Cayey.................................
Rio Grande......................
Guayama..........................
Ponce..................................
Vega Baja.........................
Isabela................................
Yabucoa............................
Las Marias......................
Morovis.............................
Fajardo..............................
Sabana Grande..............
San Sebastian.................
Manati...............................
Naranjito..........................
Adjuntas...........................
Aguas Buenas.................
Total.......................
Farms Farms
Assigned Vacants
148 57
56 2
37 7
166 19
120 18
114 12
422 14
81 2
6
60 6
24 6
64 5
21 2
57 52
8
20 4
150 34
17 3
14
29 2
4
2
21
2
13
......................
1, 627 247
Area
(cuerdas) Appraisal
2,698.52 $36,511.95
872.78 6,663.01
642.14 3,319.00
1, 991.23 18, 259.50
1, 020.30 34, 366.00
2,142.04 13, 696.65
3,760.90 30, 864.55
724.92 10,897.00
77.14 520.00
411.65 7,916.25
470.52 2, 592.00
581.02 8,107.51
238.46 1, 575.00
1, 050.46 25,680.00
18.37 1,491.00
273.67 1, 737.00
1, 772.55 24,667.00
119.66 1, 790.00
81.21 1, 351.00
249.96 2,020.93
19.55 200.00
30.00 269.40
6.69 135.00
24.00 250.00
26.00 600.00
22.74 290.00
19,326.48 $235,769.75
Farms
Reserved
for Model
Farms
Appraisal
1 = 20.16 $4,008.00
1 = 14.97 1,500.00
2 — 15.18 790.00
1 = 9.38 140.70
1 == 8.15 127.25
1 = 25.46 750.00
3 = 27.41 1, 385.00
1 = 11.17 710.00
11 = 131.88 $9,410.95
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 215
Exhib it No . 64
CLASSIFICATION OF SCHOOLS (*)
A. According to Number of Pup ils Enrolled
Number of Schools
Enrollment
High
Elem.
Urban
Elem.
Rural
Second
Unit Vocational
Total
B. According to Numbe r of Teaching Pos iti ons
0— 9 pupils
10— 19 pupils
20— 39 pupils
40— 69 pupil
70— 99 pupils
100—199 pupils
200—299 pupils
300—499 pupils
500—999 pupils
1000—and over.
1 53 54
28 681 709
25 481 2 508
5
5
83
36
25
47
86
252
26
11
28
11
6
1
321
68
72
89
2 13 15
Total............................... 23 261 1,504 47 1 1,836
1 Teaching Position...........
2 Teaching Position...........
3 Teaching Position...........
4—6 Teaching Position...
7—10 Teaching Position...
11—20 Teaching Position...
21—50 Teaching Position...
51 and over...............................
Total................................ 23
1,148
320
81
91
81
98
16
1
1,836
(*) Definition of School.—A school for this report is a one-room school employing only one teacher,
or a school of two or more rooms usually housed in the same building, but not necessarily so, and having
a principal or teacher in charge. Therefore a one room rural school is one school; a two-rooms
rural school is one school also, and a second unit rural school (usually of two or more buildings) is
one school too. When a high school is housed in the same building with an elementary school
count them as two separate schools. In buildings having more than one teacher each room should not
be considered a school for the purpose of this report.
Exhibit No . 65
AGE GRADE DISTRIBUTION OF ENROLLMENT
HIGH SCHOOLS
C. Boys and Gir ls
Grades
Ages
Special
Total
10...................................................
11...................................................
12...................................................
13...................................................
14...................................................
15...................................................
16...................................................
17...................................................
18...................................................
19...................................................
20...................................................
21...................................................
22...................................................
23...................................................
24...................................................
25...................................................
26...................................................
29
107
471
1,008
1,163
800
430
208
55
27
4
251
3
1
13
102
407
735
742
473
197
78
33
13
21
1
4
12
58
225
488
541
367
157
68
27
12
17
79
175
364
380
2
260 4
115 1
58 5
19 1
8 1
2
9
124
586
1,490
2,202
2,205
1,810
1,153
554
244
107
36
16
6
9
19
Total................................
Median Age................. 15.69 16.86 17.79 21.30
10, 572
15.90
216 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 217
Exhi bi t No . 67
ENROLLMENT BY SEX AND COLOR
White..................................
High Schools.......................................................Colored................................
Total...................................
Boys Girls Total
4,751
770
4,336
715
9,087
1,485
5, 521 5,051 10, 572
White..................................
Elementary Urban Schools.......................... Colored...............................
Total...................................
46,386
10, 534
42,988
10,011
89, 374
20, 545
56,920 52,999 109,919
White..................................
Elementary Rural Schools............................Colored...............................
Total...................................
60, 219
9,124
50,223
7,651
110,442
16, 775
69,343 57,874 127,217
White..................................
Second Unit Rural Schools.......................... Colored...............................
Total...................................
4,296
686
3,100
562
7,396
1,248
4,982 3, 662 8,6<
White..................................
All Schools........................................................... Colored................................
Total...................................
115,652
21,114
100, 647
18,939
216, 299
40, 053
136,766 119, 586 256,352
Exhib it No . 68
ENROLLMENT BY GRADES
Grades Urban Rural Total Per Cent
1.............................................................................. 18,567 41 857 60 424 23 ^7
2.............................................................................. 16 985 32 211 49’ 196 19 19
3.......................................................................... 15? 797 26 712 42 509 16 58
4.......................................................................... 15* 902 15’703 31 605 12 33
5.............................................................................. 12 961 9 171 22 132 8 63
6.......................................................................... 11’535 5 388 16 923 6 60
7....................................................................... 9’ 697 3’ 012 12 709 4 96
8.......................................................................... 8 475 1’ 807 10’ 282 4 01
9.......................................................................... 4, 296 4’ 296 1 68
10...................................................................... 2 799 2 799 1 OQ
11......................................... 1 964 1 964 0 77
12.................................................................. 1’489 1 489 0 58
Special............................................................... 24 24 0 01
Total................................................................................... 120, 491 135,861 256,352 100.00
218 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhibi t No . 69
NUMBER OF TEACHING POSITIONS
Number
Positions
Insular Municipal
Rehabilitation
(*) Tota 1
1. High School Teachers....................................................
2. Continuation School Teachers...................................
3. Principals, Elementary Schools.................................
4. Asst. Principals, Elem. Schools................................
5. Teachers of English........................................................
6. Continental Teachers of English..............................
7. Teachers of Physical Education...............................
8. Elementary Urban Teachers......................................
9. Consolidated Teachers (Rural).................................
10. Second Unit Teachers (Rural)....................................
11. Elementary Rural Teachers.........................................
12. Home Economic Teachers.............................................
13. Manual Arts Teachers....................................................
14. Industrial Arts Teachers................................................
15. Needle Work Teachers................... ................................
201
176
53
97
183
100
13
1,404
300
193
1,874
107 124
38
43
7
5
331
15
11
9
Total.............................................................................. 4,594 166 548
261
176'
53
97
183
100
13
1,635
300
193
2,243
IO
14
16
5
5,308
(*) Besides these the P.R.E.R.A. paid other teachers who are not included here because they
were not regular day teachers.
PER CAPITA EXPENDITURES
Exhib it No . 70
Based on Insular Municipal Total
1. Total Enrollment......................................................................................... $16.43 $4 73 $21.16
2. Number Belonging................................................................................... 17.32 4 99 22 31
3. Average Daily Attendance..................................................................... 18.80 5.41 24.21
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 219
Exhibit No . 71
ESTIMATED VALUE OF SCHOOL PROPERTY
A. Prope rty of the Gove rnm ent
Type of School Sites Buildings Equipment
Total
Estimated
Value
High Schools..............................................
Elementary Urban Schools.................
Elementary Rural Schools..................
Second Unit Rural Schools.................
Total Estimated Value.............
$94,300.00
772, 973.97
144,528.91
46,052.75
$1,518,438.35
5,642,972.30
1,604,748.43
408,836.66
$191,727.62
708, 577.56
259,347.91
76,256.97
$1,804,465.97
7,124,523.83
2,008,625.25
531,146.38
$1,057,855.63 $9,174,995.74 $1,235,910.06 $11,468,761.43
B. Priva te Rente d Prope rty
Type of School Sites Buildings Equipment
Total
Estimated
Value
High Schools..............................................
Elementary Urban Schools.................
Elementary Rural Schools..................
Second Unit Rural Schools................
Total Estimated Value.............
$2,700.00
81,550.00
69,739.00
6, 625.00
$10,200.00
232,875.00
308,290.00
10,246.00
$4,215.00
38,167.74
61,104.87
1,650.00
$17,115.00
352,592.74
439,133.87
18,521.00
$160,614.00 $561,611.00 $105,137.61 $827,362.61
Exhibit No . 72
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT SHOWING THE GROWTH OF THE PUERTO RICO
CIVIL SERVICE
Fiscal Year
Approximate
Number of
Employees in
Classified and
Unclassified
Service
Approximate
Number of
Classified
Employees
Per Cent
of
Classified
Employees
Natives
Non-
Natives
1926-27.................................................. 8, 905 2,470 27.7 8,632 273
1927-28.................................................. 8^ 636 2, 588 28.6 8i 389 247
1928-29.................................................. 8,703 2, 754 31.6 8j 517 186
1929-30.................................................. 8'403 2,614 31.1 8; 251 152
1930-31.................................................. 8^ 302 2,712 32.4 8^ 197 165
1931-32.................................................. 8,814 2,838 32.2 8j 648 166
1932-33.................................................. 8,914 2^838 31.8 8,759 155
1933-34.................................................. 8' 965 2, 868 31.9 8,817 148
1934-35.................................................. 9’045 2,948 32.6 8,900 145
1935-36.................................................. 10; 563 3,184 30.1 10; 362 201
220 THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
Exhib it No . 73.
CLASSIFICATION OF APPLICATIONS PASSED UPON BY THE PUBLIC
SERVICE COMMISSION DURING THE FISCAL
YEAR 1935-36
Cases filed____________________________________________ 35
Certificates granted------------------------------------------------------ 3
Certificates transferred and assigned___________________ 7
Certificates renewed_____________________________________138
Complaints denied_____________________________________ 5
Complaints decided____________________________________ 6
Contracts approved____________________________________ 2
Endorsements to the Secretary of War_________________ 5
Franchises enacted-------------------------------------------------------- 4
Franchises transferred and assigned_____________________ 1
Orders to appear and show cause_______________________ 3
Ordinances, municipal aqueducts, approved______________ 9
Orders approved______________________________________ 4
Railroad sidings contracts renewed_____________________ 40
Repairs to vehicles authorized__________________________ 25
Rates, approved_______________________________________ 10
Rates, amended______________________________________ 12
Reserve funds orders in re____________________________ 27
Special permits denied_________________________________ 10
Special permits granted________________________ 25
Substitution of vehicles authorized_____________________ 6
Taxation, application for exemption granted_____________ 7
Taxation, exemptions extended_________________________ 4
Time tables, approved new____________________________ 4
Time tables, amended_________________________________ 2
Total--------------------------------------------------------------------394
OF THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO 221
Exhib it No . 74
REPORT OF ATTENDANCE AT “CAMP FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT”, PUERTO RICO
NATIONAL GUARD, ARECIBO, PUERTO RICO, FROM JULY 21st TO
AUGUST 4th , 1935
State Stall, Corps and
Depts..................................
Hqs. & Staff, 295th Inf..
Hq. Co. 295th Infantry...
Service Co., 295th Inf.......
Howitzer Co., 295th Inf..
Hq. Co. 1st Bn., 295th Inf.
Company A, 295th Inf...
Company B, 295th Inf...
Company C, 295th Inf...
Company D, 295th Inf. .
Hq.Co. 2nd Bn., 295th Inf.
Company E, 295th Inf...
Company F, 295th Inf...
Company G, 295th Inf...
Company H, 295th Inf..
Hq. Co. 3rd Bn., 295th Inf.
Company I, 295th Inf...
Company K, 295th Inf..
Company L, 295th Inf...
Company M, 295th Inf..
Medical Det., 295th Inf...
Hq. Co. 1st Bn., 296th Inf.
Company A, 296th Inf...
Company B, 296th Inf..
Company C, 296th Inf. .
Company D, 296th Inf..
Medical Det., 296th Inf...
Totals..........................
Present at Camp Absent Present and Absent
Percentage of attendance at Camp:
Officers......................................... 100$
Enlisted Men........................... 98.72$
o-O-o
C