[Federal Works Agency, First Annual Report, Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1940]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]
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FIRST Aj 14 ’41
ANNUAL REPORT
Federal Works Agency
1940
A
FIRST
ANN UAL REPORT
Federal Works Agency
1940
FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1940
31336 06840 6272
FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY
June 30, 1940
John M. Carmody, Administrator
★
CONSTITUENT ADMINISTRATIONS AND AUTHORITY
Public Buildings Administration
W. E. Reynolds, Commissioner
Public Works Administration
E. W. Clark, Commissioner
Public Roads Administration
Thomas H. MacDonald, Commissioner
United States Housing Authority
Nathan Straus, Administrator
Work Projects Administration
F. C. Harrington, Commissioner
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
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II
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
To the Congress oj the United States:
I have the honor to submit the First Annual Report of the
Federal Works Agency and its constituent administrations
and authority for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1940.
Important defense activities undertaken since that date are
touched on in this report.
Respectfully submitted.
John M. Carmody,
Administrator.
December 16, 1940.
in
CONTENTS
Part I Theadministrationof the Federal Works Agency during
the fiscal year, together with a review of its creation;
the nature of its work during the past year; and an
account of the influence of defense needs upon its
operations.
Page
The Federal Works Agency...................................... 3
Defense Works............................................................... 24
Civil Works................................................................... 46
Part II A report on the work of each of the five agencies composing
the Federal Works Agency.
Work of the Public Buildings Administration .... 66
Work of the Public Roads Administration............... 93
Work of the Public Works Administration...................131
Work of the United States Housing Authority ... 159
Work of the Work Projects Administration...................190
Part III Statistical tabulations of employment, Federal expenditures,
project costs, and physical accomplishments of
the Federal Works Agency and its constituent agencies;
with organization charts and lists of publications.
Appendix A—Federal Works Agency.......................... 241
Appendix B—Public Buildings Administration ... 261
Appendix C—Public Roads Administration .... 271
Appendix D—Public Works Administration .... 307
Appendix E—United States Housing Authority ... 341
Appendix F—Work Projects Administration . . . . 413
v
PART ONE
The administration of the Federal Works Agency during the
fiscal year, together with a review of its creation; the nature of its
work during the past year; and an account of the influence of defense
needs upon its operations.
1
DANIEL BOONE’S ARRIVAL IN KENTUCKY Mural by Ward Lockwood.
This mural in the Lexington, Ky., Post Office is one of hundreds of such paintings
and sculptures chosen through open, anonymous competitions by the PBA
Section of Fine Arts for the embellishment of many new Federal buildings.
2
THE FEDERAL WORKS
AGENCY
★
★ ★
OURS is a building Nation. In 1789 our 3 million citizens had not
scratched the surface of a great continent. A thin pioneer fringe
stretched along the Atlantic seaboard. Westward for 3 thousand
miles, a vast expanse of forest, prairie, and desert reached to the
Pacific Ocean. Even in the settled eastern portions of the country,
men lived simple and isolated lives. Their few buildings were made
of wood; their roads a trace through the forest; their only sources of
power, wind and the primitive water wheel. They made hardly more
impression upon the landscape than the bands of savages that preceded
them. Of the vast resources of our continent, only the soil was at
work for man when our forefathers assembled at Philadelphia in the
year 1789.
Today we live in a different America, different because of building.
Only building has been able to unlock the vast stores of natural
resources in our land. Only building has been able to knit the bonds
of national unity with great transcontinental transportation systems.
Building has developed the latent power in the white coal of our
streams and rivers, and building has made our great cities and bridges
and tunnels. Building has made America rich and habitable, and
building is steadily making America a better place in which to live.
Building is an important measure of our civilization; our public
works which render service to the people are an index of our progress.
We have built everything from abattoirs and airports to waterworks
and zoos. As our population increased, as our country expanded
territorially, we had building to do for industry, for commerce and
communication, for public services. Major inventions bring a demand
for a variety of types of public and private construction: the automobile
brought with it the need for new roads, garages, parking places,
gasoline stations, new factories, oil pipe lines.
3
We are a nation skillful in building. We have done a lot of it. Our
legends are full of great builders: Eads, Goethals, and Roebling, the
men who spanned the Mississippi and the East River; who built great
canals and levee systems; Robert Mills, our first great public architect.
Building is in our blood, in our imagination, and it is in our hands.
When the great depression came, building suffered more than any
other activity. Hands that were trained to span great rivers, tunnel
through mountain ranges, build roads and piers, hands that were
trained to spin rugged steel cables, to build homes and schools, lay
idle. Many months passed and this building country sat by and
watched some of its most precious skills decay.
Beginning on a small scale in 1932, a series of work programs was
initiated to combat this growing threat to our national security,
prosperity, and welfare. Soon America again was echoing to the
great symphony of pile drivers, concrete mixers, steam shovels, bulldozers,
hammers, and saws. When the job of getting building moving
again was well under way, we had a chance to stand back and look at
the machinery we had improvised in an emergency. Lessons had
been learned. Under the pressure of events, much had been done of
permanent value that seemed worth incorporating into the traditional
machinery of government.
It was necessary to build to meet the needs of a growing America.
Continued building was necessary. It was essential to house the
activities of Government—its offices, laboratories, and shops. Building
was necessary to further the new responsibilities of government: to
provide sewers, waterworks, and other local utilities for the conservation
of health and well-being; to provide clinics and hospitals for
expanded health services; to build new schools to realize the democratic
ideal of universal education; to build recreation facilities in order that
the leisure of the Nation might be used for the enrichment of life.
Roads and airports and wharves and docks had to be built if our
industry and commerce were to be promoted; dams and levees, if our
streams were to be harnessed; public housing, if al] of our people were
to have the opportunity to live in health and decency. With this big
building job to do, it was essential that public building be organized
in such a way that it might be carried out as efficiently as possible,
and that the maximum social and economic advantages be derived.
Establishment of the Federal Works Agency
On April 25, 1939, the President of the United States sent to
Congress his first plan on Government reorganization. Part three of
this plan proposed the creation of a Federal Works Agency.
4
To compose this new Agency, the President transferred the Bureau
of Public Roads from the Department of Agriculture; the Public
Buildings Branch of the Procurement Division from the Treasury
Department; the Branch of Buildings Management of National
Park Service from the Department of the Interior; the National
Park Service’s operations in the District of Columbia relating to the
general assignment of space, the selection of sites for public buildings,
and the determination of the priority in which the construction or
enlargement of public buildings shall be undertaken; the United
States Housing Authority from the Department of the Interior; the
Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works; and the Works
Progress Administration (except the National Youth Administration).
A Federal Works Administrator, appointed by the President, by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate, was designated to direct
the new Agency, with general direction and supervision over the
administration of the several agencies, and responsibility for the
coordination of their functions.
The organization which became the Public Buildings Administration
had its inception in July 1836 when President Andrew Jackson
appointed Robert Mills to be Federal Architect in conjunction with
the construction of the new Treasury Building in Washington. The
Public Roads Administration was previously the Bureau of Public
Roads of the Department of Agriculture. This organization was
created in 1893 as the Office of Road Inquiry. Since 1916 it has
administered all Federal-aid highway authorizations. The remaining
three agencies of the Federal Works Agency are of more recent
creation. The Public Works Administration was created in 1933
under the National Industrial Recovery Act and charged with the
administration of a comprehensive program of public works by a
system of loans and grants to States and localities. The Work
Projects Administration developed out of prior organizations that
had been concerned with work relief since 1932 when Federal funds
were first made available for relief purposes in the form of loans to
States and municipalities by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation.
The Federal Emergency Relief Administration was established in 1933
to aid the States in meeting the emergency relief problem and the Civil
Works Administration had operated a Federal work program from
November 1933 through April 1934. The FERA program was discontinued
soon after the WPA was established in 1935. The United
States Housing Authority developed out of experience of other Government
agencies with low-cost housing, and was created in 1937 as a
permanent agency to undertake a program of slum clearance and
rehousing by a system of loans and grants to local housing authorities.
5
Carrying out the purposes of the reorganization act of 1939, the
President declared to Congress that he found it necessary and desirable
to group and consolidate under a Federal Works Agency, those parts
of the Government dealing with public works not incidental to the
normal work of other departments, and which administer Federal
grants or loans to State and local governments or other agencies for
the purposes of construction.
Congress having approved the President’s Reorganization Plan,
the Federal Works Agency came into existence on July 1, 1939.
This report covers primarily the operations of the first year of the
existence of the new Agency.
Background for Reorganization
To some extent the creation of the Federal Works Agency and its
successful operation during the first year were made easier by the
fact that the movement for the creation of a department of the
Government to handle all phases of public works extends back for
nearly half a century.
On December 3, 1885, delegates from 10 engineering societies held
a meeting in Cleveland, Ohio, and formed a Council of Engineering-
Societies on Public Works. In 1891, Clemens Herschel, then president
of the Boston Society of Engineers, suggested in an address the
idea of the engineer in public works, and again in 1916 took up the
same subject in his presidential address at the American Society of
Civil Engineers Convention in Pittsburgh, where he urged the creation
of a Department of Public Works. In 1916 also, the idea of a Federal
Department of Public Works was advocated by the distinguished
public works engineer, C. E. Grunsky, in a talk before the Inland
Waterways Congress. In the same year Isham Randolph, a Chicago
engineer long experienced in public improvements, sent a communication
to the Franklin Institute on the need of a national department of
public works outlining the form of such legislation.
On April 23, 1919, a conference was held in the offices of the Western
Society of Engineers in Chicago, when representatives of 74 technical
organizations met for the purpose of considering the desirability of
creating a Federal department of public works. The interest aroused
by this conference led Senator Jones of Washington to introduce
a bill “To create a Department of Public Works and define its
powers.”
The following year Herbert Hoover told his fellow-engineers that
“the time has arrived in our national development when we must
have a definite national program in the development of our great
6
national problems ... we must create a national engineering sense
of provision for the nation as a whole ...” In the same year the
United States Chamber of Commerce polled its membership on the
desirability of a public works department and received a vote of 827
for and 549 against such action.
By resolution of both houses of Congress, a joint committee on
Government reorganization was created late in 1920 to make an
investigation and to formulate remedial legislation. The report of
this committee in 1924 proposed limiting the work of the Department
of the Interior to public works and public domain. Hearings were
held on the report but no affirmative action was taken.
During 1921 and 1922 there was continual discussion of Government
reorganization involving public works. In 1923 the Institute of Government
Research of the Brookings Institution recommended the conversion
of the Department of the Interior into the Department of
Public Works and Public Domain, listing the bureaus to be placed
therein. A public works conference met in Washington, D. C., on
January 9, 1924, to consider a movement for a Federal Department of
Public Works. Secretary of Commerce Hoover, in addressing this
meeting, said: “The principal advantage of a Department of Public
Works is that it would create a center of Government construction
policies, and while the saving in personnel and efficiency would be
increased by coordinating all engineering work under the Government,
I think the value would be more in leadership for the great
balance wheel of construction which lies in Government construction
work.” The conference adopted a resolution endorsing the creation
of a Department of Public Works to embrace the construction and
administration of all nonmilitary public works.
During 1924, 1925, and 1926, a number of bills were introduced in
Congress on the subject of reorganization but the outstanding development
during 1926 was the report in November to the Administrative
Board of the American Engineering Council, by a group of engineers
and experts in public administration who recommended the creation
of a Department of Public Works and Domain. The economies
effected through consolidation and simplification were estimated at
5 percent or $50,000,000 a year on the basis of a $1,000,000,000 annual
expenditure. It outlined the scope of a Department of Public Works
and Domain; the organizational structure of such a department; and
the advantages of establishing such a department.
A public works conference held in Chicago in 1926 and attended by
representatives of 62 technical organizations resulted in a very elaborate
study of the various functions and activities pertaining to the administration
of Federal public works and public domain. Discussion
7
of the proposed reorganization was carried on through 1927 and 1928.
In 1928 both major political parties were agreed as to the desirability
of the administrative reorganization of the Government. Action
was taken in Congress in 1932 and two bills were introduced, the title
of one reading “a bill to accelerate public construction in periods of
business depression through the creation of an administration of public
works and to provide for more effective coordination and correlation
of the public works functions of the Government.” These bills would
have established an administrator of public works with jurisdiction
over design, construction, maintenance, operation, and repair of all
public buildings and public works under the control of the United
States. Extended hearings were held on these two bills in 1932 and
then Congress granted authority to the President to reorganize the
administrative establishment by Executive order. In December of
that year President Hoover submitted a series of Executive orders to
the Congress, regrouping and transferring certain agencies, which,
however, were set aside by a resolution of the House of Representatives,
which resolution was later declared unconstitutional by the
Attorney General. No changes were made as a result of the orders.
Proposals for the improvement of the Federal administration of
public works were in the air for many years before the sudden expansion
of Federal works activity which began in 1933. The increased
importance and greatly increased scope of public works activity which
began in that year, produced new demands, especially from those most
immediately concerned with public works, for administrative improvements.
In March 1936 President Roosevelt appointed a committee of experts
in public administration to investigate the executive branch of
the Government and problems of administrative management. The
report of the President’s Committee on Administrative Management
recommended a separate Department of Public Works “to advise the
President with regard to public works . . . ; to design, construct, and
maintain large scale public works which are not incidental to the normal
work of other departments ... ; to administer Federal grantsin-
aid to State and local governments or other agencies for construction
purposes and to gather information with regard to public works standards
throughout the Nation.” Congress, at the request of the President,
set up a Joint Committee on Government Organization, which
in turn created a Select Committee on Investigation of Executive
Agencies.
On April 3, the Reorganization Act of 1939 was approved by the
President. It provided for a reorganization of administrative agencies
in order to reduce expenditures, to increase efficiency of operations,
8
WEST TO PITTSBURGH
A 13-mile straightaway on the new Pennsylvania Turnpike. This 165-mile superhighway
crossing the Allegheny Mountains through 6.7 miles of tunnels, and
connecting Harrisburg and Pittsburgh, was built with PW’A aid as a toll road.
9
to regroup agencies, to reduce the number of agencies by consolidation,
and to eliminate overlapping and duplication of effort. The
Congress directed the President, after investigation, to make recommendations
for administrative reorganization in accordance with
policies established in the Act.
On April 25, 1939, the President sent to the Congress his first plan
on Government reorganization. Part 3 of the message provided for
the creation of the Federal Works Agency. The President decided it
“necessary and desirable to group and consolidate under a Federal
Works Agency those agencies of the Federal Government dealing with
public works not incidental to the normal work of other departments,
and which administer Federal grants or loans to State and local governments
or other agencies for the purposes of construction.”
Following the approval by Congress of the reorganization plan, the
Federal Works Agency came into existence on July 1, 1939.
Management and the Federal Works Agency
The Federal Works Agency is primarily an organization for building.
Its personnel includes approximately 5,000 engineers and
architects with a professional interest in workmanlike, economical,
and efficient methods for getting a job done. These qualities, which
are as common a characteristic of our country’s workers generally as
they are of the engineering outlook, lie at the root of the unparalleled
technical progress which has distinguished the industrial history of
the United States in recent decades.
The beginnings of our systematic technical advance are often
traced to the work of Frederick W. Taylor, originally conceived in the
late 1880’s, though not finally enunciated until his Principles of
Scientific Management was published in 1911. However that may be,
there is no doubt that outstanding progress in the arts of production
and in the organization of work evolved as thought in the field of
scientific management developed.
Technical and managerial improvements in the factories and mines
and forests, in transportation and communication, have strikingly
reduced the labor required and brought the cost of many products
within reach of increasing proportions of our population. Mechanization
of clerical operations and improved organization of office work
have coped with the problems of record-keeping required by the
increased complexity of modern industry and enterprise. The
advent of power machinery on the farm and improved farm practice
have drastically reduced labor requirements in agriculture.
Taylor envisioned technical progress in building as well as in other
10
industries. His own studies in the field of concrete construction
and his extensive references to Gilbreth’s studies on the art of bricklaying
are evidence of this. To some extent the construction industry
has, of course, shared in the benefits of scientific progress. New
alloys and other building materials, riveting and welding processes,
heavy power shovels, earth moving and other material handling
and conveying equipment, have all combined to bring within the
range of economical construction engineering tasks which in earlier
days would have been prohibitive in cost. Job analysis, the organization
of work and the lay-out of materials have worked to improve the
performance of many tasks. But for the most common types of
building, the familiar house, factory, school, or office, the work at the
construction site is notoriously more akin to that of earlier days than
in other industries.
The reasons for this lie partly in the nature of construction and
partly in other limitations faced by the construction industry. Construction
work must be performed at the site where the finished
product is needed for its use, and the necessary equipment for economically
fabricating materials and parts cannot be set up anew at each
site, nor for the special requirements and specifications for each
structure. Construction contractors characteristically operate on a
small scale as compared with other major industries, operations are
intermittent, and the amount of work to be done fluctuates more
widely over a period of time than in other industries. As a result,
a technical research department, common both in the newer and in the
larger manufacturing industries, appears to be an anomaly in a construction
establishment.
Technical advance in the construction industry depends upon
related development of building designs, uses of building materials,
and construction methods. The large modern buildings of a typical
American metropolis, for example, are the embodiment of developments
in steel and concrete construction. Their construction provides
the most economical field for utilizing powered excavating machinery
for constructing buildings and requires powered machinery for lifting
heavy forms, the use of electric elevators, riveting and welding metals.
In the broad distinguishing characteristics of modern large scale
buildings, new design, new materials, and new methods in construction
are combined. And so it is with lesser changes in building by
which modifications in appearance, adaption to new or improved uses,
economy in construction, or a combination of these factors are realized.
Public building, by virtue of its large place in the Nation’s building,
plays a large role in the development of teclmical advance in the field
of construction. The large scale of construction activities within
274771—41—---- 2
11
the Federal Works Agency, the varied types of construction which
fall within the scope of its programs, afford the opportunity and
impose the responsibility for leading the construction industry to
greater technological progress. With the advent of public construction
into the field of housing, where the development of basic standards
for housing the Nation and for economy in construction are most sorely
needed, the responsibilities and the promise are particularly great.
The Government, in the work of the Bureau of Standards, has
undertaken a major responsibility in testing and developing materials
for their uses in building. In the Federal Works Agency and its
construction programs, the Government has an instrument for developing
and establishing the adaption of construction plans, materials,
and advanced techniques and operating methods in building
itself. Under coordinated operation of its several programs, there is
assurance that improvements developed in one sphere may be
promptly transferred or adapted to others. The large-scale character
of the programs in operation afford opportunities for establishing
uniform standards for materials required, so that work in the factories
may be increasingly developed on a mass-production basis and
with greater economy. Operating primarily on the basis of awarding
contracts to the private construction industry for the work to be
done according to specifications, with supervision of the progress in
and the standards of construction, the advances initiated under Government
operation quickly become the common body of knowledge
and property of the whole construction industry. Economies thus
developed, by reducing costs, may well provide the basis for expanding
building operations in many fields.
By its very nature as a public agency, the responsibilities of the
Federal Works Agency do not end with the development of economies
in construction. This responsibility itself arises out of public
policy in a democracy which is founded on regard for the common
welfare. One expression of this concern of public policy is the practice
of awarding construction contracts to private contractors, in
order that the place of the private construction industry may be sustained
in the economy. Another expression of the regard of public
policy for the Nation’s well-being is the safeguard of labor standards.
Safety, hours of labor, and minimum wage rates are, by act of Congress,
safeguarded under the terms of the public construction contracts.
Public policy is also concerned with other economic effects
arising out of the operation of its programs—with the speedy completion
of work so that the uses for which it is intended may be served
promptly, with the adaptation of the size and the timing of development
of its programs so that security of employment and increased
12
purchasing power may be provided or so that industrial capacity and
available labor resources may not be temporarily overtaxed at essential
points. These are the most far-reaching factors compelling
planned and coordinated management of public works.
Office of the Federal Works Administrator
Under Reorganization Plan No. 1, creating the Federal Works
Agency, the Administrator is required to give general direction and
supervision to the work of the constituent units of the Federal Works
Agency, to coordinate their functions and to exercise all the functions
formerly assigned the Secretaries of Agriculture, Interior, and the
Treasury with respect to the units transferred.
It was early recognized that the work of coordination and consolidation
within the Federal Works Agency was not a task to be swiftly
accomplished but one in which, over a period of some time, the
desired results could be built into the organization as the program
changed with the times.
A beneficial plan of consolidation and coordination must have its
base in the common cr related purposes and the character of the
agencies making up the Federal Works Agency. Three of the five
constituent agencies have permanently authorized programs, each
serving a special public function. The Public Buildings Administration
constructs most of the buildings required for governmental
purposes and manages practically all of the public buildings in the
Nation’s Capital. The Public Roads Administration is responsible
for the program of grants-in-aid to the States for the construction of
the Nation’s public highway system. The United States Housing
Authority is responsible for the program of Federal aid to local public
housing agencies for slum clearance and rehousing. The first two of
these agencies have been operating regular programs under congressional
appropriations for many years. The United States Housing
Authority, created in 1937, is operating on its initial authorizations of
funds. In addition, there are two emergency agencies also of recent
creation, the Public Works Administration and the Work Projects
Administration. Both of these organizations have been responsible
for programs adapted in size and character to the Nation’s needs for
increased employment; the Public Works Administration by allocations
to Federal agencies and by providing grants-in-aid or loans to
State and local authorities for useful and necessary construction
projects; and the Work Projects Administration by providing useful
work for the needy unemployed. Under existing law the PWA will
cease to exist June 30, 1941.
13
The special status of the latter two organizations, the largest in the
Federal Works Agency, was definitely recognized at the time of the
creation of the Federal Works Agency. In his reorganization message,
the President stated, “ Because of the differences that justified their
separate operation in the past and differences that will continue in the
future to distinguish certain phases of major public works from work
relief, I find it necessary to maintain them at least for the present as
separate subordinate units of the Federal Works Agency.” Moreover,
in the first year of the Federal Works Agency operations, the
development of the defense program substantially modified the prospects
for its ensuing operations. Comprehensive plans for consolidation
and coordination of functions and activities have accordingly
been deferred pending the determination of program authorizations
for the immediate future.
In the interest of efficient and economical operation, reorganization
must be planned not only on the basis of the purposes but also the
methods of operation and the common and related activities of the
several organizations. Accordingly, preparatory to meeting ultimate
problems and in order to obtain the improvements and economies
which may be promptly realized, the Federal Works Agency has been
engaged in a thoroughgoing survey within its constituent units of their
functions and activities, their organization, and how these functions
and activities are performed.
For this purpose the Administrator established a small office,
staffed by experienced personnel selected with reference to their broad
understanding of the problems of operating a unified works program
and of planning useful public-works programs. Detached from the
exactions of operating routine, attention has been directed toward
simplification of organization and procedure. One of the first undertakings
was an evaluation of the whole Federal Works program so that
factual information upon which to base policies for and establish
control of future operations, might be available.
Concentration on questions of policy, program, and over-all administration
has therefore characterized the first year’s work. The ground
work has thus been prepared for such comprehensive changes as may
be warranted by the programs to be set up in the future. Certain
common standards and uniform standards, simplification of procedures,
elimination of unnecessary operations, and the establishment
of the best practices throughout the entire agency have meanwhile
been achieved. Economies and improved efficiency, which could not
have been attained without common administrative direction of the
five constituent agencies, have thereby been realized.
14
IN SIX MONTHS
Dynamiting the Boulevard Apartments in March 1940 made way for construction
of the War Department building on the same site in Washington. Work is being
pushed by the PBA. The lower photograph shows construction in September.
15
The staff of the Office of the Administrator is composed of a General
Counsel, an Executive Assistant and Budget Officer, a Director of
Research and Statistics, a Director of Information, a Management
Engineer, and a Director of Personnel.
The development of the work of the office of the Executive Assistant
and Budget Officer, with supervisory responsibility for the budgetary
activities of the five constituent units of the agency, has opened the
way for a consolidated works budget comprehending the several
subdivisions of the unified works program. Although the first such
consolidated budget to be prepared will be that for the fiscal year 1942,
appropriations for the fiscal years 1940 and 1941 were brought under a
system of central control and budgetary administration by this office.
In the work of devising this system, the Administrator has benefited
by the direct assistance of the General Accounting Office and the wholehearted
cooperation of the Department of Treasury and the Bureau of
the Budget. The Executive Assistant and Budget Officer also has
responsibility for planning improvements in organization and procedure
throughout the agency—an essential activity intimately related
to the budgeting functions. The ultimate economies of agency-wide
administration will grow largely out of the joint efforts of this office,
the office of the Director of Research and Statistics, and the office
of the Management Engineer.
The essential fact-finding arm of the Office is the Director of Research
and Statistics. He serves the Administrator by providing those facts
and analyses essential to program planning and the general direction
and supervision of operating programs, the evaluation of the economic
effects of the works program and its operations, their relation to other
programs of the Federal Government, and other factors relevant to
the determination of policy. In performing its work his office draws
freely from the research, projects, and the statistical data available
in the several constituent organizations of the Federal Works Agency.
He is accordingly concerned, in the development of its work, with the
establishment of uniform standards for statistical reporting by the
several constituent operating organizations, and insofar as feasible,
comparability of statistical data in the operating reports; and with the
coordination of the statistical reporting and the research work of the
several organizations in accordance with the objectives of the Federal
Works Agency.
The Management Engineer has been engaged in the task of devising
methods of scheduling and controlling construction operations of all
constituent units so that the public benefits of their programs may be
more quickly or more economically realized in accordance with the
objectives of the Federal program. The realization of this objective
16
has resulted in demonstrated administrative economies and more
satisfactory control of the progress of the work.
Under the circumstances of their establishment or because of their
having been identified previously with different Departments of the
Government, the constituent administrations of the Federal Works
Agency have varying policies and practices of personnel administration.
These must be unified, and, in some respects, simplified; and
it is the function of the Director of Personnel to provide the initiative
and direction required to this end. As a member of the Council of
Personnel Administration he has opportunity to harmonize the personnel
practices of constituent units with those of other executive
establishments.
The Director of Information is responsible for a coordinated program
of public information with emphasis upon its public value and
economy.
The general direction and coordination of the work of the legal
staffs of constituent administrations is carried on by the General
Counsel and the relations of the agency with the Attorney General
and the Comptroller General are simplified by the work of his office.
In accordance with the terms of the reorganization plan, the first
task to which the Federal Works Agency was directed was to carry
out the consolidation of the Public Buildings Branch formerly in the
Procurement Division of the Treasury Department and the Building
Management Branch formerly in the National Park Service of the
Department of the Interior. This was promptly accomplished by the
organization of the Public Buildings Administration under a Commissioner.
At the same time, the Administrator’s staff undertook its
comprehensive survey of the work and organization of the five constituent
administrations so that the possibilities of coordination might
be fully explored, and that agency-wide use of the special facilities of
each unit and elimination of duplication of work might be promptly
achieved.
The feasibility of certain consolidations was established during
the first year of operations. One example is the Tabulating Unit, now
in the Office of the Executive Assistant, consolidating all machine
tabulation for fiscal and statistical work in Public Works Administration,
Work Projects Administration, and United States Housing
Authority. Pooling the machines and personnel of formerly independent
tabulating units has resulted in an estimated saving of over
$16,000 for the current fiscal year. Centralization of this activity
has permitted a better planning of work and the elimination of the
need for each separate unit to maintain machinery and staff for
infrequent peak loads.
17
With corresponding benefits the activities in the several constituent
units devoted to photography and exhibits have been consolidated
under the Director of Information, and libraries have been consolidated
under the Director of Research and Statistics.
There have been substantial savings as the result of the establishment
of the Federal Works Agency. During the last fiscal year
$3,005,000, which had been provided as part of the appropriations
for administrative expenses of its constituent agencies, was impounded
and administrative expenses were reduced by that sum. An even
greater source of savings which extends well beyond the Federal
budget has come from speeding up construction programs. The
amount of such savings in the aggregate is difficult to ascertain with
any degree of accuracy but by shortening construction time on a
project, the cost of Federal supervision is reduced and the period
of useful life of the project extended. This latter factor can easily
be appraised in dollars when the project is revenue producing. Interest
and other overhead costs during construction are cut by shortening
this construction period.
With the Public Works Administration engaged in completing a
program for which allocations of funds have long since been made,
most of the opportunities for coordination of the works programs in
the Federal Works Agency involve a wider and a systematic use of
Work Projects Administration projects in connection with roads,
housing, public buildings, and such other construction programs as
the Congress may authorize. The Work Projects Administration and
its predecessors have, of course, at all times been engaged in prosecuting
construction projects under Federal and local sponsorship
which supplemented regular Federal programs and the related interests
of local governmental agencies. The Work Projects Administration
and its predecessors have also, at all times, been engaged on
surveys and other professional and clerical projects, which provided
information useful in the planning or operation of Federal and local
construction programs. Federal units now in the Federal Works
Agency, as well as others, have sponsored such projects, and their
programs have benefited from many more projects locally sponsored.
One year’s experience in reviewing Work Projects Administration
projects for approval, and in surveying the operating programs of the
Federal Works Agency’s constituent units, indicates that under a
coordinated works program these benefits will increase.
Road building is the largest single type of project on which WPA
workers are engaged. Organizational machinery has been established
to coordinate the planning of access roads to camps and to defense
plants by the Work Projects Administration with the plans and
18
activities of the Public Roads Administration. Thus, there are assured
better development and maintenance of the Nation’s highway system,
and, more especially, the more rapid and economical development of
the immediate defense highway program.
Locally sponsored slum-clearance projects, and development of
recreation centers and other community facilities, public health centers,
and municipal improvements, more extensively planned in relation
to public housing projects, will serve directly to achieve the
purposes of the United States Housing Authority and other Federal
housing programs.
Housing surveys, sponsored by municipal housing authorities, with
the technical guidance of the United States Housing Authority, have
been the product of Work Projects Administration projects. Road
surveys, strip maps, traffic counts by Work Projects Administration
workers, have served the Public Roads Administration and State highway
officials. Continuing and increasing development of such projects,
on the basis of uniform technical standards, will aid the planned
development and operation of the regular and the defense public housing
and roads programs. Educational projects for preschool children
and educational, cultural, and training projects for youth and adults,
may be further developed under local housing authorities. In addition
to their essential service to public programs, these types of
projects have a special value in providing suitable work for unemployed
who are not adapted to construction or other manual work.
For its task of establishing standards of performance accurately to
estimate, or to schedule and control the progress of program operations,
the Federal Works Agency had, from its beginning, two assets.
The first is the engineering staffs concerned with the various special
problems in each unit, but with the attitude toward and interest in
efficient and improved management common to the engineering profession.
The second is the store of operating records which form a
major part of the archives of the Federal Works Agency.
This extensive record of experience was used to set up standard
schedules showing the progress for each type of public works project,
from the time authorization was first given to undertake the work to
the completion of the work, the rate at which materials of different
types should be required on the job, and the rate at which labor of
different skills should be required. These schedules, used as norms,
become the basis for judging performance and determining when and
for which projects a given program required special inquiry or supervisory
attention. They also provide the basis for forecasting program
operations and estimating the rate of disbursement of funds and labor
and material requirements of the program. Insofar as they are used to
19
schedule and supervise project and program operations, the reliability
of these estimates is substantially improved for their administrative
uses in estimating budgets and administrative personnel requirements,
and also for their use in evaluating the economic effects or problems of
program operations.
Operations of the Office of the Federal Works Administrator for this
first year, then, have resulted in:
(1) The organization of the Public Buildings Administration.
(2) The organization of a central staff for central direction, supervision
of coordination of the constituent operating units, and the consolidation
of certain service activities.
(3) Improvements in program planning and in management of
program operations.
(4) The consolidation of certain common units of work for the five
constituent organizations and the development of the foundations for
such further reorganization or consolidation as may be warranted by
the scope and character of the programs which will be authorized in
the immediate future or by successive Congresses.
(5) Initial steps in the coordination of highway construction work
by the Public Roads Administration and the Work Projects Administration
and the anticipation of further coordination of Work j
Projects Administration projects with other programs under way or
to be authorized.
(6) Financial savings directly to the Federal Government and
indirectly to State and local governments.
Employee Relations
The men and women who make the Federal Works Agency run represent
all levels of skills and are from every State in the Union. The
status of these employees is covered by many laws, determining their
service as temporary, permanent, or emergency, civil service or nonci
vil service and fixing their compensation and duties. But beneath
the stiff language of the law, and the necessary formalities of every
large organization, are human beings, and the spirit with which the
laws and the formalities are administered is friendly as well as just.
The Federal Works Agency encourages various social activities among
its employees, and for those in the operating agencies facilities are provided
for credit unions, group hospitalization, health insurance, associations
for athletic activity, welfare and recreational associations.
Well equipped and staffed emergency rooms are provided. Employee
organizations are well represented in the Federal Works Agency and
the right to organize and bargain collectively is recognized.
20
PLANNED BUILDINGS IN A PLANNED CITY
The recently occupied General Federal Office Building and the Social Security
Board and Railroad Retirement Board buildings nearing completion may easily
be seen in the foreground of this recent aerial view of the Nation’s Capital city.
21
The office of the Director of Personnel and the personnel officers
of the constituent agencies of the Federal Works Agency made substantial
efforts during its first year of existence to provide for the
welfare of employees. The liquidation of the Public Works Administration
program made it necessary to furlough some 6,000 employees
during the fiscal year. At least one-sixth of these persons have been
placed in other employment, private and public, by the Federal Works
Agency. Many others have received employment due to contacts
made by that organization. A large percentage of the furloughed
personnel is being absorbed by the defense program. Provision has
been made for employees affected by the Selective Training and Service
Act beyond that required by existing law. For employees of the
Agency who volunteer, or who may be called to active service in the
Army or Navy during the limited national emergency, everything
possible will be done to conserve the positions they now occupy.
In the event the positions of employees who have entered upon active
training or service in the Military or Naval Establishments are
abolished, then, upon application for reemployment every effort will
be made to place them in positions of equivalent status, pay, and
seniority. In filling all appointments whether in the Office of the
Administrator or in constituent agencies, every effort has been made
to reappoint employees who have been furloughed because of reductions
in work.
The specialized nature of much of the work performed, some of
which is unique, has required the institution of training programs in
many fields. Such programs are adding greatly to the workingefficiency
of employees and have contributed to a balanced employment
policy. Few buildings in the world are equipped with airconditioning
machinery on such a large scale as those in Washington,
and it has been necessary to institute special courses to equip suitably
trained men to operate refrigeration plants of 1,000 tons or more.
Approximately 300 men have attended this course in the 3 years of
its operation. More than 2,750 persons have attended the Guard
School of Instruction, operated to train the large number of guards
necessary to protect public buildings in the District of Columbia.
Those enrolled are instructed in fire fighting, the use of firearms and
the regulations, routine and customs of guard activity. In addition
to guards of the Public Buildings Administration, eight other Government
agencies have used these training facilities for the improvement
of their personnel. Since 1929, 37 courses in soils for highway engineers
have been conducted by the Public Roads Administration, in
order that engineers might keep abreast of rapidly developing research
in this important field. Of the 825 persons who took the course only
22
221 were representatives of the Public Roads Administration, the
remainder coming from other Government agencies, State highway
departments, universities, private industry, and from foreign countries.
In the new and widening field of public housing, training courses have
been instituted in various phases of management, and numerous
courses for clerical and stenographic personnel have been given.
Clerical courses are given to the employees of the Work Projects
Administration, the subjects dealt with including correspondence and
secretarial training.
The heavy volume of employment and of other benefits provided by
Federal Works Agency programs, has made necessary steps to insure
equitable distribution of these opportunities. Most Federal Works
agencies have instituted special measures to prevent neglect of the
needs and rights of any groups, and this is especially true in the field
of racial relations. With a view to coordinating racial relations
policies of the constituent agencies, in order that all citizens might
share in the opportunity for work and in the benefits of its programs,
the Federal Works Agency seeks to guard against any discrimination
in employment based on race or discrimination in the receipt of
benefits flowing from the programs of the constituent agencies. An
office of racial relations within the office of the Director of Personnel
has achieved very real progress in this direction.
The office of the Director of Personnel is working toward uniformity
of personnel policies within the constituent agencies. As the policies
and procedures of the constituent agencies naturally evolve it is
expected that the same general policies will come into application
in all parts of the Agency.
It has been most helpful to have the assistance of the chairman
of the Council of Personnel Administration and his staff. The counsel
and guidance of the Civil Service Commission have been invaluable in
assisting the Federal Works Agency with its recruiting, promotion,
and classification problems.
DEFENSE WORKS
★
WHEN the greatly expanded national defense program was inaugurated
in the summer of 1940, the Federal Works Agency surveyed
its current activities in relation to national defense and inventoried
its personnel and facilities so as to gage the kind and extent of its
contributions to the increased defense program. Some preliminary
surveys had been undertaken following the outbreak of the European
war in the fall of 1939. Projects undertaken in recent years related
to the problems of national defense were reviewed.
When a great industrial nation prepares for defense, the backbone
of this defense lies far behind the front lines, in farms, factories, and
workshops where the materials of war are manufactured. As America
is now well aware, modern warfare is a battle of machines as well as
of men. Ships, airplanes, tanks, trucks, radio equipment, warehouses,
arsenals, ordnance depots and proving grounds, naval bases, and air
fields are required if the Nation is successfully to be defended. Men
to man guns and machines must be trained for many months before
they are skillful enough to use the modern equipment of war, and
during this period of training they must be housed and provided with
the necessary implements and facilities for training.
Such mobilization of manpower and industry requires a great deal
of building. The several military and naval appropriations authorize
the construction of extensive public works and utilities. Housing and
hospital facilities and administrative buildings are authorized at
army posts and naval stations to care for increased regular personnel;
cantonments for the temporary personnel in training. Air and naval
bases are to be enlarged, with new and improved facilities, and new
bases added. Appropriations are made for underground storage tanks,
warehouses and other storage facilities for equipment and material.
Shipbuilding yards, drydocks, arsenals and other productive plants
are to be increased. To expedite the program, additional funds are
authorized and appropriated, to the War and Navy Departments, to
the President, and to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, for
24
constructing the necessary plant for private operation, and the storage
facilities for materials, equipment, and supplies required for defense.
Extensive additional construction is required to assure timely and
efficient progress in the defense program. On it depend the necessary
care, the safeguards to health and the effective utilization of the
increased personnel of the Army and Navy and essential industries.
On it depends the effective utilization of the increased military and
naval facilities provided for in defense appropriations. Highways,
bridges, and other aids to land transportation are required at appropriate
locations for ready access to new and enlarged military posts,
naval stations, air and sea bases, for increased military maneuvers,
and to facilitate essential production; new and improved airports for
the training and continued flying experience of a large reserve of
aviation personnel; housing and hospital facilities, sanitary sewers and
other sanitary facilities, waterworks and other municipal utilities for
the satisfactory care and safeguards to health of communities in which
population will increase markedly. These will be centered at locations
affected by transfer of families of military and naval personnel, increased
civilian services required for new and enlarged army and navy
posts, or concentration of production for defense purposes. Schools
may be needed in selected locations where workers should be retrained
and available facilities are deficient. Complete new community
developments, each with an adequate system of municipal utilities and
community facilities, are required where defense industries must be
established at new locations in accordance with needs of the defense
program.
For these purposes, too, authorizations and appropriations have
been made available in the military appropriations, in special authorizations
for the use of the funds of the Work Projects Administration
and the United States Housing Authority, and by a special defense
appropriation to the Federal Works Agency for housing. The Congress
has indicated the desirability of the States using funds provided
by the Public Roads Administration for defense roads. Every effort
is being made to encourage such use.
The construction work to be done under all of these authorizations
will run into billions. Construction work for national defense cannot
be delayed. It must be begun promptly, for construction is a long,
slow, and difficult job. Unless and until this necessary work is done
much of the other important work in the defense program cannot be
adequately developed.
Some of the principal results of the survey of past contributions to
defense have been published by the Federal Works Agency in a report
entitled “Millions for Defense”, which dealt wholly with the results
25
of programs using emergency funds. This survey established the fact
that more than a billion dollars of emergency funds had been spent
for direct national defense purposes during the fiscal years 1933-40,
inclusive. Additional billions of emergency funds had been spent for
improvements and extensions of transportation facilities, power plants,
warehouses, and other types of public works which contribute to our
defenses. Funds made available by the Public Works Administration
resulted in about $500,000,000 of planes, ships, vehicles, and new
construction for the Army and Navy. In addition, hundreds of
millions of dollars have been expended on WPA projects for the construction
and improvement of landing fields, armories, hospitals,
storage buildings, and other facilities for military and naval agencies.
Construction in the Defense Program
Work on the strategic system of highways selected in 1921 by the
War Department and now including 75,000 miles has been going on for
years. The Public Roads Administration has cooperated with State
highway departments in its improvement as a most important part of
the Federal-aid system. In large part it consists of modern highways
fully capable of carrying a large peacetime traffic and a considerable
additional load of defense operations. On these roads, the vital
arteries of industrial mobilization and the indispensable routes of troop
movements, considerable work needs to be done but the amount is
small in comparison with what has been done in the past.
To the defense construction tasks confronting the country, the
Federal Works Agency had much more to contribute than the completed
works of its several programs.
While under normal conditions the Federal Works Agency’s
activities are directed to civilian needs, the nature of its work is equally
valuable for defense construction. The building of a section of a
main highway differs but little from building the same type of highway
approaching a military cantonment. There is little difference between
a civil and a military hospital. There is little difference between a
civil airport and a military airport, or between a wharf for commercial
vessels, and one for naval vessels. The same skills and experience
required in designing and constructing modern roads, airports,
hospitals, docks, and public buildings for civil agencies are required
for creating similar facilities for military and naval purposes.
The Federal Works Agency comprises the administrations and
authority which have been responsible for preparing and developingplans
and the execution of construction for projects aggregating
$18,000,000,000 in the regular and emergency public works programs
26
WEST POINT OF THE AIR
The hangar addition shown at Randolph Field, Army Air Corps training center
near San Antonio, Tex., was constructed by Texas WPA workers. Similar
projects have improved airports and naval air bases throughout the United States.
274771—41------ 3 21
T-SQUARE AND COMPASS
Engineering and architectural drawings are vital tools of all public construction.
This is a typical drafting-room scene close to every big construction job.
28
operated during the past 7 years. Its 45,000 employees, including
approximately 5,000 engineers, on the departmental staffs and in the
field, have had experience in practically every type of construction
required under the defense program. Its programs now under way
cover every type of construction facility required for the development
of a new industrial community. Its staff comprises experts in municipal
planning. Its facilities were accordingly available to aid in the
rapid and efficient development of construction. Its organization,
staff, and experience were ready at hand to draft specifications and
designs for any type of building to meet special conditions for its use;
to adapt plans, designs, and material usage to requirement for speed in
construction, and to the use of material noncompetitive with other
strategic demands in the defense program; and to utilize and coordinate
the special authority and facilities of each of its constituent
administrations and authorities for whatever emergency work may be
required. Its field offices and technical field staff have been available
to get construction under way and to see that it is properly done.
Its relations with State and local authorities firmly established over
the years by the operations of the several programs assure opportunity
to enlist local cooperation or participation in building for defense.
Federal Works Agency organizations and the energies of its staff
have been directed to defense works as quickly as authorizations have
been obtained. At many places there are sections of highway built
15 or 20 years ago, when traffic was slower and less in volume, and
when standards of highway design were considerably below present
standards. Normal peacetime traffic requires that these unsafe
stretches be eliminated; defense traffic requirements make their elimination
desirable now. A careful survey of the strategic system by
the Public Roads Administration reveals that the necessary construction
consists of bringing a relatively small mileage up to modern
standards for width, alinement, and surface strength, and the strengthening
of some 2,400 weak bridges. These improvements have been
needed for proper service of normal peacetime traffic. Their importance
is now accentuated by the increase in traffic certain to result
from defense operations and the possibilities of greater increases.
Available Federal-aid funds are now being used to correct many of
the deficiencies on the strategic system and the State highway departments
are being urged to concentrate a large part of the regular
Federal aid for future years on this work.
More than $21,000,000 of new airports are already under construction
and $17,000,000 of additional airports are now pending; this does
not include many Army and Navy airports which are also being constructed
with WPA funds and WPA labor.
29
During the last war the sudden expansion of ship building and
munitions industries created a drastic housing shortage for which
the Nation was ill-prepared. No reliable data existed concerning the
housing facilities or requirements of key communities. No organization
or technique had been developed by which the Government
might readily assist in the solution of the housing problem which
defense activities had created. Today a far different situation exists
and the work of national defense will be immeasurably facilitated
because of it. With the cooperation of hundreds of local housing
authorities in cities throughout the country, the United States
Housing Authority is in possession of a valuable statistical picture of
housing for workers’ families in almost every important manufacturing
and industrial center. These data are supplemented by extensive
records on housing gradually accumulated by the Work Projects
Administration; by the real property inventories; the recent housing
census; and by building permit data, information concerning the
building industry’s capacity for production, and other data which
were unavailable twenty years ago. Through normal peacetime
operations in slum clearance and rehousing, public housing techniques
have been improved and staffs of highly skilled technicians have been
assembled whose abilities are already proving of value in the defense
program.
Out of limited funds still remaining under existing authorizations
for the United States Housing Authority’s program, $31,369,000 was
provided at an early date for defense housing, and the Federal Works
Agency is now prepared to operate an additional program of
$45,762,500 allocated to it by the Army, and $140,000,000 authorized
for it by subsequent congressional action.
In many instances where it is necessary for the Government to
undertake direct construction in conjunction with the defense program,
whether of warehouses, public buildings or housing projects, the
resources of the Public Buildings Administration are being profitably
employed. In contrast to other agencies of the Federal Works
Agency, the Public Buildings Administration is responsible for the
preparation of designs, the drafting of detailed plans and specifications,
the acquisition of sites, as well as construction for the use of the
Federal Government. The Public Buildings Administration is prepared
to handle both regular and emergency construction for all
Federal agencies, from the first step of site selection to the last stroke
of the paint brush.
In addition to the construction of roads, bridges, airports, public
buildings, and housing, the Federal Works Agency is making other
contributions toward the national defense program. The Coast
30
Guard, for example, lias received a great deal of assistance from the
Public Works Administration and the Work Projects Administration.
Substantial assistance has been rendered the Reserve Officers Training
Corps and the Naval Reserve and many projects have been completed
for National Guard camps and armories.
Nearly $10,000,000 of Work Projects Administration funds is being
used for vocational training of workers for defense industries.
While most units of the Federal Works Agency are charged with
carrying out programs of limited scope, the Work Projects Administration
directs labor forces which are making increasingly important
contributions to defense programs in the improvement of Army and
Navy posts and facilities. This organization, strengthened by 5
years of experience, has demonstrated its ability to contribute to
national defense by completing nearly half a billion dollars of projects
which strengthen our defenses against aggression. Its versatility
and competence in periods of national emergency are clearly demonstrated
by its past record in the New England hurricane, in floods,
and in other moments of disaster. It is able to adapt itself to the
demands of emergency jobs and to get results. In fulfilling its essential
mission—to provide employment—the Work Projects Administration
is able to make contributions of paramount importance to the
defense program.
Thus the Federal Works Agency, in substantially the same spheres
of activity that constitute its normal work, is contributing largely to
our national defense effort. Its past experience in constructing roads,
airports, public buildings, and housing are all focused upon the rapid
solution of comparable problems in the defense program. But far
more important than any type of building which has been executed by
the Federal Works Agency is the fact that here is a department of the
Government, staffed by engineers, architects, and other construction
specialists, whose talents are organized and available for executing
most types of construction required by our expanding program of
national defense.
The regular programs of the United States Housing Authority and
the Public Roads Administration are based upon financial aid to
cooperating State and local authorities. The emergency program of
non-Federal public works of the Public Works Administration has
been based upon grants and loans to State and local authorities. No
special authorization of funds to aid States and local governments for
the construction of non-Federal works is available in the defense
program. The Federal Works Agency, mindful of its responsibilities
and of the advantages of State and local cooperation for attaining the
objectives of a Nation-wide program, is arranging its operations of the
31
public roads and the defense housing programs so as to enlist the
maximum aid and cooperation of State and local authorities.
Defense Transportation—1917
In the World War of 1914-18 the bottlenecks in industrial production
had their counterpart in transportation bottlenecks. In reviewing
this situation, Ralph Budd, Commissioner for Transportation of
the National Defense Advisory Commission, has pointed out that
today the transportation facilities of the Nation are fundamentally
different and vastly improved over those of 20 years ago. Whereas
in 1917 the Nation relied principally upon one form of transportation,
today we find transportation a fivefold institution; and all five participants—
railroads, highways, pipe lines, waterways, and air lines—
play important roles. The load can be spread. Total shipping
capacity has been enlarged. The transportation network has been
made more flexible, and the efficiency of industrial facilities, in consequence,
have been greatly improved. A degree of industrial decentralization
and utilization of strategic local resources is today possible
because four and a half million trucks ply the Nation’s highways.
Twenty years ago the absence of a widespread highway network
made such decentralization impossible. Preparations for the last war
were seriously hampered by conditions on the steel rails of the United
States, and the highways were in no condition to fill the gap in transportation.
Assurance against the repetition of this situation was
provided when the Congress passed the Federal Highway Act which
was approved November 9, 1921. Section 3 of this act provided that
“All powers and duties of the Council of National Defense under the
act entitled ‘An act making appropriations for the support of the
Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, and for other purposes,’
approved August 29, 1916, in relation to highway or highway transport,
are hereby transferred to the Secretary of Agriculture . . .”
These powers were exercised and the duties performed by the Secretary
of Agriculture through the Bureau of Public Roads. On July 1, 1939,
under the reorganization plan, they were transferred to the Federal
Works Administration, and the Public Roads Administration continued
to perform these defense duties.
Roads for National Defense—1940
The close agreement of civil and military highway needs was
clearly shown when officials from the Army and the then Bureau of
Public Roads first sat down in 1921 to plan a network of strategic
32
highways throughout the United States. When they concluded, the
roads which military authorities considered most important were
almost identical with those considered of principal civil importance
by highway authorities. The resulting plan—-the so-called Pershing
Network—included roads forming a large part of the primary interregional
network recently recommended by the Public Roads Administration.
Since its inception the strategic highway system has been
revised at suitable intervals. We are fortunate that our military and
peacetime highway needs have been continuously planned within a
common framework.
The close cooperation between military'and civil authorities, now
about two decades old, in regard to highway needs is mutually
advantageous. Not only is our road system—that part of it of outstanding
military importance—located so as to meet military needs;
in large part it is constructed to specifications of width, strength, and
clearance which meet military requirements. Likewise, when the
Army sits down and calculates its mechanical equipment, it knows
exactly what it has to work with in the way of road specifications.
The trucks and tanks, trailers, and other equipment used by our
Army have been designed in terms of the standard H-15 bridge now
used on major interstate highways. The coordination of civil and
military needs is made simpler by the fact, that the heaviest equipment
used by our Army has been designed to meet the same load
limitations used in the design of the heaviest commercial vehicles.
The Public Roads Administration has constantly sought to anticipate
the traffic needs of peace and of war. The advance planning
since 1920, the steady work on the Federal-aid highway system, the
more than a billion dollars of emergency funds that have been spent
on roads and bridges during the last 8 years, the elimination of urban
traffic congestion and grade-crossing hazards and delays, have placed
our system of national roads in a position where, with little inconvenience
and delay, it can meet the immediate demand of military
authorities.
Other improvements of our transportation system have been
consummated with the aid of the Public Works Administration.
Railroads have been electrified, roadbeds have been improved, and
new streamlined trains have been built with the proceeds of PWA
loans. Wharves and docks have been built to aid coastwise commerce,
while channels have been dredged and dams built to facilitate inland
waterway traffic. These types of work, constructed primarily for their
value in peacetimes, have important defense values.
A careful survey of the strategic network of public roads made by
the Public Roads Administration, with the assistance of State highway
33
departments, has revealed that 2,400 rural bridges lack the strength
to carry the H-15 loading needed for military loads. Some of these
bridges also fall below the adopted standard of an 18-foot width and
a 12%-foot vertical clearance. An additional 500 bridges do not come
up to these standards for width and clearance. Here and there
throughout the Nation’s highway system are stretches of road too
narrow to permit efficient mass operation of vehicles; 4,000 miles
of the strategic network is less than 18 feet wide and must be widened.
Considerable stretches of highway are not constructed to bear heavy
military loads and 14,000 miles of highways must thus be strengthened.
Some of the narrow roads are also the ones that must be
strengthened. Efforts are now being made to meet this volume of
road construction, as far as possible, without additional appropriations
by using Federal-aid funds apportioned to the States, by the
cooperation of the WPA, and by the cooperation of State and local
highway authorities. Extensive experience in emergency road work
programs during the past eight years, and the recent reorganization
of construction agencies, demonstrates that such cooperation is likely
to be successful in meeting the problem. However, it is apparent
that additional funds will be needed to complete improvements
essential to defense activities.
The most critical defense need today on main highways is the
improvement of bridges. About 1 bridge in every 30 miles over the
75,000 miles of strategic network, as a whole, should be replaced or
repaired. The construction of 2,400 bridges—1 out of every 10—is a
large task and an important one. Some of the work can be done with
funds now available or authorized but additional funds will be needed
to complete the job. Many bridges of steel or masonry construction
have been built by the WPA alone on the public roads in the last 5
years; the Public Roads Administration has built thousands of
bridges and more than 4,500 underpasses and grade crossing-separations
; 71 new bridges have been constructed in States along theA tian tic
seaboard during the past 7 years as the result of PWA assistance.
The bridges range in size from a small highway bridge in Connecticut,
costing $14,000, to the famed Tri-Borough Bridge in New York.
Among the outstanding bridge projects in addition to the Tri-Borough
Bridge are the Jamestown, R. I., bridge; the new bridge at Havre
de Grace, Md., opened last fall, and the bridge across the Potomac in
Southern Maryland and Virginia now nearing completion; toll bridges
in New Hampshire; and the Florida highway bridges, including those
constructed in connection with the Miami-Key West Overseas Highway.
In some places there are bottle-necks in the highway system which
are of small consequence for civil use, but which will become important
34
under heavy military strain. As columns of military equipment roll
along the highways, some vehicles must stop by the roadside for rest
or repair. It is important that at frequent intervals the shoulders of
all highways be wide enough to permit vehicles to park along the side
of the road without holding up a long line of traffic behind them.
There are many stretches of highway where the roads are not wide
enough to permit this flexibility. In such cases it is desirable that
shoulders be widened when funds can be made available for this
purpose.
Throughout the country as a whole, the War Department has
indicated about 150 points of military concentration. It is important
that these centers be connected with the network of public
roads and in many cases the indicated points of military concentration
are 5, 10, or as much as 15 miles from the nearest main highway.
In order to correct this difficulty it will be necessary to construct
access roads promptly. About 3,000 miles of such roads must
be built at once and work on them has already begun. The need
for such roads is being surveyed and officers of the War Department
and Federal, State, and local highway officials are cooperating in
seeking means of getting construction under way.
In addition to improvements in the strategic network and the
development of access roads to points of military concentration, some
special highways must also be built. These are necessary in order to
eliminate traffic bottle-necks in areas of industrial production and to
provide improved highway connections for industrial or military
mobilization which requires them.
Glancing back at the experience in the war of 1917-18, one cannot
help but note some differences. The motor vehicle has today come
into its own. Our roads are no longer rutted mud tracks; more than
1,300,000 miles of fine surfaced highways cover the Nation. Our
resources in motor vehicles are unexcelled by any nation in the world,
largely because of this road system. The private and commercial
vehicles owned in this country are more than twice as many as in all
the rest of the world. In 1939 motor vehicle registration showed
30,000,000 cars in the United States; in 1916 there were one-tenth
that number. The United States and Canada produce more than
twice as many automobiles as the rest of the world put together. We
have a corps of highly trained and skilled factory workers and mechanics
who constitute an invaluable military resource to the Nation.
To a large degree all of these things exist because of the public roads
system.
The military needs of the United States, because of its continental
area, require quick mobilization and facilities for rapid troop move35
ments. The transportation system which makes it possible to put
an army of several hundred thousand men into Seattle or Boston in
a matter of days, is our most important defensive asset. It compensates
for our sparse population thinly spread over a vast continental
area. It is to the Army what the Panama Canal is to the Navy.
Civil and Military Airports
Since 1935 about 85 percent of all the airport construction in the
United States has been done by the WPA. In little more than 5
years WPA has been instrumental in building a solid foundation
for American aviation. Modern runway paving—the fundamental
basis of all-weather airport operations—has formed its principal airport
work. More than 330 miles of first-class runway have been
laid down—enough to reach from Washington, D. C., to Hartford,
Conn., enough to pave 2,305 miles of standard highway. WPA has
worked on 9 out of every 10 airfields served by main air transport
lines and it has built everything from minor improvements to complete
metropolitan air terminals, such as LaGuardia Field which serves
New York City.
The far-flung air defenses of the Nation were strengthened and the
air travel facilities improved by 383 PWA projects in 42 States, in the
Territories of Alaska, Hawaii, and the Virgin Islands, and in the
Canal Zone. The total cost has reached nearly $60,000,000, of which
over 52 millions have come from Federal funds. Those agencies of
the Federal Government which are concerned with military and commercial
aviation have been largely responsible for carrying out this
work which has provided new or improved landing fields, administration
buildings, radio equipment, airplanes and repair parts, lighting
of airways, experimental laboratories, machine shops, and officers’
quarters. Those projects have already justified themselves in serving
as a basis for the now rapidly expanding military and commercial
aviation programs.
As the principal builder of airports in the Nation, WPA has applied
scientific methods to the engineering problems of airport construction.
Especially in the fields of airport drainage and runway paving WPA
progress has been most rapid in recent years. WPA engineers, in
cooperation with State highway engineers and municipal engineers,
and the technical assistance of the Public Roads Administration, have
produced the solutions that cumulatively make a science of airport
engineering distinct from that of highway engineering, utilizing newly
discovered principles of soil mechanics and the scientific study of the
behavior of moisture.
36'
MAJOR AIR TERMINALS
LaGuardia Field, New York, seen from the top of the new administration building,
is a major air terminal. This is only one of the many airports built by WPA,
which has built or improved 9 out of 10 main airports where the airliners stop.
37
No one who has flown into LaGuardia Field in New York, which
was entirely built by WPA, or into the Cleveland Airport or the
Chicago Municipal Airport—all of which are largely the product of
WPA work—can fail to have a strong feeling of admiration for these
gigantic sky harbors. In Chicago three planes can land simultaneously
on the mile-square airport. Eight air lines operate from this
field, with 98 flights daily carrying passengers and mail. It is a far
cry from the days of 1910 when the typical airport at College Park,
Md., was little more than a cow pasture, or from 1925 when the East
Boston Airport, Mass., was a few tons of cinders rolled into mud
dredged up from the harbor.
In design and construction much has been accomplished in recent
years and the engineers of WPA can justly point with pride to a great
creative achievement. Their accomplishments in design have revolutionized
the planning and construction of airports. The brawn of
WPA workers has built 197 new airports in addition to 317 airports
which have been improved and 50 more which have been added to.
These new airports form the background for new airlines throughout
the United States. More than 5,000 miles of new airlines have been
created in the 5 years since WPA began, and in almost every case
the creation of these new lines has followed the construction or
improvement of airports along the new routes by WPA; 25 new
seaplane bases have been built and 2 existing bases have been improved;
474 new hangars and other airport buildings have been constructed
and 1,153 have been improved or enlarged by WPA labor.
In addition to the stimulus given commercial aviation by the construction
of new and enlarged airports, great impetus has been given
private flying. New and safer airports have increased the ease of
flying and there are many more private pilots and many more planes
as a result. When the pilot training program began in 1939 its
smooth operations were greatly facilitated by the improved airports
at hand to use. It is a great advantage, in mechanized defense, to
have a nation skilled in making, operating, and repairing mechanical
equipment. In the same way, almost every extension of the aviation
industry that results in larger production of planes and increasing
numbers of private and commercial pilots and mechanics is of
first-rate importance in strengthening the defenses of the Nation.
Civil aviation makes important contributions to military aviation
in industry, in airports, machines, and personnel.
In the period from the end of the fiscal year to November 1, 1940,
about $20,000,000 worth of airport projects were approved for operation
under the various State WPA programs. Among the civil airport
projects approved during the latter part of this period were
38
DEFENSE HOUSING
The first defense housing project to be occupied, this new development in Montgomery,
Ala., will provide homes for the families of the expanding Army. The
Montgomery Housing Authority, aided by USHA, completed the project in 1940.
39
those for Tucson, Ariz., $784,151; Manchester, N. H., $231,294;
Melbourne-Eau Gallic and Orlando, Fla., $212,375 and $277,990,
respectively; Iowa City, Iowa, $180,694; East Baton Rouge, La.,
$749,752; St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minn., $356,144 and $379,887,
respectively; and St. Joseph, Mo., $301,378.
A number of important military airports are being constructed
through WPA projects. At MacDill Field, the Army’s southeast
airbase at Tampa, Fla., a $1,158,943 project for construction and
improvement of facilities is under way. Work includes the construction
of buildings such as barracks, mess halls, and repair shops
and of roads, runways, aprons, sewage and water lines, and other
facilities as well as clearing, grading, and paving work. Two projects
totaling $1,032,053 were recently approved for improvements to
Army airports in the Hawaiian Islands and one for $116,754 for the
construction and improvements of buildings at Hamilton Field, Calif.,
where both WPA and PWA had previously done a large amount of
work. In Alaska, the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii,
special WPA projects are rushing to completion the aviation bases
necessary to the defense of America.
Defense Housing—1917
In 1917 the Nation flung itself into a great national defense effort
with little experience or knowledge of the complexities of such a vast
undertaking. Within a few weeks after industrial mobilization, housing
crises had developed in various sections of the country. Shacktowns
sprang up over night. Essential workers in the shipbuilding
industry were sleeping three shifts to a bed as well as working three
shifts on the job. Shipbuilding and other essential defense industries
suffered insurmountable production problems for want of an
adequate and stable labor force. Labor turn-over was increasingly
aggravated, notwithstanding wage increases, for lack of housingfacilities
where needed and because workers had to pay increased
shares of their earnings for overcrowded shelters of woefully inadequate
standards.
The National Defense Council was created by the Congress in
August 1916, and the country was at war in April 1917. It was not
until the month following, however, that attention was first given
to the housing problem by the organization of a section on housingunder
a subcommittee on labor in the National Defense Council.
A report on housing conditions was first available at the end of
September 1917 and the first legislative authorization in aid of
defense housing was enacted more than 10 months after the declara40
tion of war, on March 1, 1918 This gave the United States Shipping
Board and Emergency Fleet Corporation authority to provide
housing for shipyard workers only. Other workers in essential war
industries were provided for by another law enacted on May 16.
1918. Funds to exercise this authority were appropriated in June
1918, and it was not until July, when additional appropriations were
made, that authority was granted to organize the United States
Housing Corporation of the Department of Labor for the development
of housing for war industry workers generally. Under these
circumstances the Armistice found much of the housing not yet
under construction and little of the housing sufficiently complete for
occupancy.
When the Nation faced a vast defense program in the summer of
1939, the experience of 1917 was vividly recalled and the importance
of housing for the defense workers was recognized from the outset
as an important phase of the entire problem.
Defense Housing—1940
On May 28, 1940, the President appointed the Advisory Commission
to the Council of National Defense and the first emergency military
and naval appropriation bills were passed during the month which
followed. As defense industries expand in centers where ships, airplanes,
and munitions are being manufactured, and as employment in
these areas increases, much new housing will be necessary. Already in
many such centers an acute housing shortage has been felt; defense
workers are living as they did in 1918, in congested rooming houses;
rents have increased beyond the means of industrial employees to
pay them.
On June 28, 1940, the United States Housing Authority was authorized
under the “Act to expedite national defense and for other purposes,”
to cooperate with the Navy and War Departments in makingdefense
housing available and to use for this purpose such funds as it
had at its disposal. On July 21, the Coordinator of Defense Housing
of the National Defense Advisory Commission was appointed, attached
to the Office of the Secretary, with the responsibility for planning and
coordinating the defense housing program. A sum of $100,000,006
appropriated to the President on September 9, 1940, for allocation to
the War and Navy Departments, is expected to be used primarily for
housing families of enlisted men and civilian employees of the W ar
and Navy Departments. On October 14, 1940, the President approved
an appropriation of $75,000,000 and contract authorization of
an additional $75,000,000 to be expended under the terms of the
41
Lanham Act signed on the same day. Of this total amount, $140,000,-
000 is to be expended by the Federal Works Administrator principally
for housing the families of civilian employees of the War and Navy
Departments and of defense workers in private industry; and $10,000,-
000 will be used to reimburse defense emergency funds appropriated
to the President in June, for allocations he had made to the Federal
Loan Administrator. The allocation to the Federal Loan Administrator
has been used to organize the Defense Homes Corporation
which is engaged in building individual homes and group houses for
occupancy by defense workers. The houses being provided by the
Defense Homes Corporation cpialify for mortgage insurance by the
Federal Housing Administration under the National Housing Act.
Combined with mortgage financing by the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation’s Mortgage Company, the $10,000,000 capital of the
Defense Homes Corporation would provide approximately $50,000,000
in defense housing.
Prior to the congressional authorization of additional funds for
defense housing, and pursuant to the authorization by the Congress
in June 1940, the United States Housing Authority had already provided
for 8,133 defense housing units at an estimated cost of $31,369,-
000. Of this amount, USHA allocations to the Army and Navy were
approved by the President for 4 projects to provide 1,725 dwelling
units for enlisted men and their families. In addition, the President
had approved loans to 17 local housing authorities for 21 defense
projects requested by the Army or the Navy. The latter will provide
4,908 dwelling units for enlisted men with families and for civilian
employees of the Army and the Navy; and 1,500 dwelling units for
workers engaged in defense industries and their families at Hartford,
Conn., and at Newport News, Va. Two of these projects, one at
Montgomery, Ala., with 424 dwelling units, and the other at Pensacola,
Fla., with 200 dwelling units, were opened for occupancy in
November 1940.
In October 1940 the Coordinator of Defense Housing estimated,
on the basis of a survey, that the total defense housing needs run
between 160,000 and 200,000 units, and that the total outlays required
to meet the demands made by the defense program for new housing
are about $700,000,000. The Coordinator of Defense Housing has
announced that private enterprise will be relied upon to meet most of
this need, with the aid of mortgage insurance by the Federal Housing
Administration. The congressional authorizations of funds for defense
housing amount to a total of $250,000,000. The $10,000,000 allocated
to the Federal Loan Administrator, combined with the mortgage
money, should provide approximately $50,000,000 in housing. The
42
total of federally financed defense housing will therefore not exceed
$290,000,000 under these authorizations.
The $100,000,000 appropriated to the President for allocation to
the Army and the Navy is estimated to provide upward of 27,000
dwelling units, and the $140,000,000 authorized for expenditure by
the Federal Works Administrator under the terms of the Lanham
Act is estimated to provide upward of 40,000 dwelling units.
In addition to such defense housing as the United States Housing
Authority has already provided or may provide, the Federal Works
Agency has a large share in the public defense housing program—a
total of more than $185,000,000 for expenditure, estimated to provide
more than 53,000 dwelling units. For out of allocations made by the
President to it, the War Department has transferred to the Federal
Works Agency, for expenditure in accordance with the terms of the
Lanham Act, $45,762,500 for the construction of defense housing
projects by the Public Buildings Administration.
The great bulk of the housing projects so far authorized for construction
by the Federal Works Administrator come under the transfer
of funds from the War Department. It is estimated that these funds
will provide more than 13,000 dwelling units in some 70 projects in
28 States, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. Such funds were transferred for
expenditure under the authority granted by the Lanham Act and,
in accordance with the terms of that act, the President, on October 29,
authorized projects at 60 continental localities, and the islands of
Puerto Rico and Oahu. The authorizations are expected to absorb
practically all these funds. Eight projects are intended for occupancy
by ci vilian defense workers; the balance is for married Army personnel.
Sites for 19 of the projects are already owned by the Army. The
remaining sites are to be acquired by the Federal Works Agency,
preliminary site explorations in localities where sites are to be purchased
having been made by field representatives of the Public Buildings
Administration. The Federal Works Administrator will be
responsible for fixing rentals on these projects, as he is on all housing
constructed under the terms of the Lanham Act. The recommendations
of the War Department will, however, be sought regarding
rentals for all housing constructed to meet Army needs.
By December 16, construction contracts aggregating $9,526,800
in estimated construction costs had been awarded, on the basis of the
cost plus-fixed-fee provisions of the Lanham Act, for 14 of these
projects which will provide 3,045 dwelling units. On October 29, the
President also authorized certain defense housing construction at
San Diego out of the funds directly appropriated by the Congress for
Lanham Act construction. By December 16, Lanham Act projects
274771—41------4
43
had been authorized by the President in 10 additional localities. A
contract for the construction of 3,000 dwelling units for defense
workers with families, at an estimated cost of $9,370,000, has been
awarded for the San Diego project. All contracts obligate the contractor,
under penalty for delay, to complete construction within a
fixed period.
Plans have been formulated for the mass purchase of fixtures and
plant facilities, such as bath tubs, toilet bowls, kitchen cabinets,
ranges, refrigerators, and heating units, in the interest of economy
and the assurance of a timely and adequate supply. Allotments aggregating
$15,250,000 have been made by the Administrator for such
supplies, and a number of contracts have been awarded under these
allotments.
The public defense housing program is intended to fill the need
where private enterprise is unable to operate successfully and within
the conditions imposed by the defense program requirements. Some
of the public housing is required on military or naval posts and must
therefore be provided and managed under Government auspices.
Additional housing is required for temporary periods or periods so
uncertain, in accordance with its dependence on defense program
operations, that the risks are too great for private funds to hazard
financing. Where use for some years beyond the current defense
program can reasonably be anticipated, much of the need will be for
defense housing at rentals too low to attract private risks, and much
of the permanent use will be anticipated on the basis of housingrequired
for families whose incomes do not permit the payment of
rentals which command new construction by private enterprise.
The Federal Works Administrator is responsible for the construction,
management, and the ultimate disposal of defense housingprojects
constructed under the terms of the Lanham Act. In
administering its defense housing authorizations and allocations,
the Federal Works Agency is concerned with, first, providing
the necessary shelter as quickly as possible; second, in providing
it at as low cost as possible, in accordance with the permanent or
temporary character of the need and the prospective uses of the
facilities; third, maintaining the quality and standards of housingprovided
at as high a level as possible, for the benefit of the defense
personnel for whom the housing is constructed, and for the purpose of
realizing the maximum ultimate recovery of funds expended and the
maximum permanent public benefit to be derived from the new
housing.
Defense housing is part of the total defense of any nation. Speed in
construction is not necessarily incompatible with the principles of
44
sound community development. Local community plans can be an
aid to site selection, project lay-out and the realization of long-run
economies by assured permanent usefulness. On the basis of the
experience and technical planning in low-cost housing at its command,
the Federal Works Agency undertook to select and adapt the plans
and designs available to the varied requirements in defense housing
situations and the specifications set up in the authorizing legislation.
The Lanham Act established a maximum cost of $3,950 per dwelling
unit within the continental United States and requires an average cost
of not to exceed $3,000 per dwelling unit, excluding land acquisition,
public utilities, and community facilities. Every effort is being made
to provide adequate and proper housing at costs well below this average
set by the Congress.
Standardization of the housing units themselves will be aimed at
lower costs. Designs prepared for first projects will serve as pattern
and precedent for the whole program. Three building types call for
frame, masonry and poured concrete construction. The use of prefabricated
steel units has been undertaken. Single and duplex units,
as well as multiple types housing up to eight families, will be constructed.
The average family unit will consist of a living room, combined
dinette and kitchen, two bedrooms and bath. There will be no
basement. In general, established standards for low-cost dwellings
are being followed.
Whether the project is 50 units or 500 units it will merit a full set of
community plans. In some instances the adjacent town will have its
population doubled or tripled by the project residents and site plans
must include recreational and commercial areas. Arrangements of
streets and parking areas will be in keeping with modern town planning
standards. Schools, as well as other essential community
facilities for future construction, will be located on the plan. Public
health standards as to drainage, sewage disposal, and water supply
will be met. Water mains and sewers will be extended to the project
from the adjacent community whenever possible, though if this should
not prove feasible, Federal Works Agency plans will call for disposal
plants and waterworks to be erected on the site. The Public Roads
Administration will consider the problems in its field to assure adequate
transportation facilities. The experience of the United
States Housing Authority in the fields of site selection, design, construction,
and management will be drawn upon in this extremely important
housing program. The cooperation and counsel of local
housing authorities and other local officials are being sought to the end
that these projects will fit into community plans and into the community’s
social and economic life.
45
CIVIL WORKS
★
★ ★
MOST of the work carried on under the programs of the Federal
Works Agency is not directly related to defense. The many work
programs and the thousands of work projects of this agency are
primarily designed to fulfill the normal peacetime needs of the
American people for public facilities and public services.
The major portion of this annual report tells about the work of
the constituent agencies of the Federal Works Agency, their programs,
and some of their projects. This chapter on civil works
briefly describes a few representative or outstanding projects which
contribute to the daily needs of the American people and to improving
their living standard. The civil works described in this chapter
relate to transportation, public housing, education and recreation,
and public health.
Funds of the Public Roads Administration, the Work Projects
Administration, and the Public Works Administration have been used
to improve the transportation facilities of the Nation.
The Public Roads Administration during the last fiscal year continued
its time-tested policy of working in close cooperation with the
States. It forged many new links in our highway chain and removed
the cause of many fatal accidents by the progress of its grade-crossing
elimination and protection program.
Keeping Roads Up To Date
Recent work on US 40 between Baltimore and the Delaware State
line is typical of the Public Roads Administration’s modernization of
main highways. For several years the Maryland State Roads Commission
has devoted a considerable part of available State and Federal
funds to this project.
The old road was built to meet the traffic requirements of the
early twenties. It passed through the narrow streets of Aberdeen,
46
Havre de Grace, Perryville, Northeast, and Elkton. Its curves were
sharp and its grades steep and both of these conditions dangerously
restricted the distances that drivers could see ahead. As traffic increased,
congestion became so great that many motorists avoided the
route. When new, the highway was considered one of the best in
the country, but it became one of the worst of main highways.
Construction of the new road began in 1934 and all communities
are now bypassed, with the single exception of Aberdeen. The section
between Baltimore and Havre de Grace was opened in 1938. To
replace a narrow, double-deck bridge erected in 1905, a new bridge,
financed in part with Public Works Administration funds, was built
over the Susquehanna River at Havre de Grace and opened to traffic
in August 1940. An approach to the bridge is nearing completion,
the Public Works Administration assisting in this work also.
The remaining 16.2 miles to the Delaware line are being completed
as a Federal-aid project, at a cost of $2,014,000, of which $1,378,000
will come from Federal sources. Several bridges and a crossing over
the Pennsylvania Railroad tracks add considerably to the cost. Two
roadways, each 22 or 24 feet wide, are separated by a grassy area at
least 38 feet wide. Gravel shoulders make a safe place for emergency
stops and the entire highway will be landscaped. This is one of the
most heavily traveled highways in the east and a vital link in the
system of strategic highways. It passes through the section of Maryland
in which are located the Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Edgewood
Arsenal, and one of the largest airplane manufacturing plants. It
also leads to plants manufacturing explosives.
Over The Cascade Range
Much has been done by the Public Roads Administration to provide
improved access to our national parks and our other great recreational
areas. One example of this on the Pacific coast is the Willamette
Highway in Oregon, whose opening was celebrated July 30, 1940.
Thirteen years of cooperation between Federal, State, and county
officials and the expenditure of $3,325,000 have resulted in the improvement
of this 87-mile highway. Completion of this route greatly
shortens the distance from Portland and Eugene to Klamath Falls
and Crater Lake National Park.
This highway is already famed as one of Oregon’s outstanding
scenic highways. A heavy volume of tourist traffic is expected. The
highway supplies a direct route into a territory producing a wide
variety of farm, dairy, and forest products and which has been
without adequate highway connections.
47
Beautiful Mountain Parkways
On the other side of the continent, construction of the Skyline
Drive in the Shenandoah National Park was completed in 1937. In
each succeeding year this road has been projected south as the Blue
Ridge Parkway and work has gone forward on the southern end of
the parkway which is to connect the Shenandoah National Park with
the Great Smoky Mountain National Park. Including the roads
already built in these two parks there is to be a continuous highway,
built to high standards, through mountain scenery of great beauty,
free from all commercial development and man-made scars for a
distance of 600 miles.
A large portion of the route is along or near the crest of the Blue
Ridge Mountains. There unfolds before the motorist a constantly
changing panorama of wooded mountainsides in the foreground; a
varied pattern of cultivated fields and orchards in the valleys in the
middle distance; to the west there is a background of the Massanutten
and Allegheny Mountains; and to the east there are foothills and the
Piedmont section of Virginia.
In southern Virginia beyond Roanoke the route is still high up
along mountains, with flattened tops, where meadow lands filled
with wild flowers lie on either side of the road. Near Deep Gap,
N. C., rugged mountains are traversed. Here in July great banks of
rhododendron blooms make a wonderful display of natural beauty.
Along steep mountain sides, across mountain streams, through tunnels,
the route goes on skirting Mount Mitchell within a few miles of its
peak. Then the road drops down passing to the south of Asheville
and on to the reservation occupied by the Cherokee Indians in the
Smoky Mountains where the long climb to Newfound Gap on the
North Carolina-Tennessee line begins. The great, beauty of these
mountains can be appreciated only by those who have stood at the
gap and made the side trip along the mountain crest to Klingman’s
Dome. From the Gap the road descends and ends near Gatlinburg,
where a State route leads on to Knoxville.
Of the 600 miles from Front Royal to Gatlinburg, 275 miles have
been completed with a bituminous surface and 58 miles have an
incomplete stone surface that may be traveled. An additional 58
miles is under construction.
The completed section on the northern end, 105 miles in length,
is attracting visitors from every Eastern State, nearly 1 million of them
in the 12 months ending September 30, 1940. Both park and parkway
areas are under the supervision of the National Park Service. The
Public Roads Administration has supervised all of the highway work
48
HIGH IN THE APPALACHIANS
One of the tunnels on the Blue Ridge Parkway, a scenic highway being built
along the crest of the Appalachian Mountains in Virginia, North Carolina, and
Tennessee.
49
for that agency, and part of the funds for the Blue Ridge Parkway
was provided by the Public Works Administration.
Cleveland’s Lake Shore Drive
Much of the Work Projects Administration labor force has been
utilized on projects which result in improvements to our Nation’s
transportation facilities. The benefits of this work have been felt
in large cities and in rural areas served by farm-to-market roads.
Along the Lake Erie waterfront at Cleveland, Ohio, WPA labor
has helped to transform a waste into a beautiful lake-shore drive,
flanked along its 5-mile length by an extensive park and recreational
development.
Civic groups for years had sought to utilize the waste land along
the lake front as a park, and to parallel the shore with a through drive
to the downtown 'section of the city. Both objectives have now
been attained: a driveway has been constructed which avoids 14
traffic lights for motorists on their downtown journey, and the
complete 5-mile stretch of highway, with superelevated curves, has
been landscaped. The Public Roads Administration has cooperated
with State and local officials in the design and construction of the
parkway.
Farm-to-Market Roads
At the other extreme of WPA road construction, the Work Projects
Administration in Tennessee has constructed thousands of miles
of farm-to-market roads during its 5 years of operation. Farmers
lacked all-weather routes over which goods might be moved and marketing
was so long delayed in bad weather that farmers’ profits were
consumed by losses in produce value. Rural road construction in
Tennessee has done much toward removing these obstacles.
During the past fiscal year the Public Roads Administration, in
cooperation with the States, has improved 3,194 miles of rural secondary
roads.
The Pennsylvania Turnpike
On October 1,1940, the largest single public transportation project of
the Public Works Administration was opened to public use. Motorists
traveling between Ohio and eastern Pennsylvania encounter the
steep barrier of the Appalachian Mountains. But today these
motorists on their way between Pittsburgh and Harrisburg will
hardly be conscious of the mountains as they traverse the 165 miles
50
NEW COUNTRY ROADS BY WPA
By this improved rural road, farmers can get to the hard road and children to the
new school shown in the photograph. Both projects were recently completed.
51
of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, constructed by the Pennsylvania
Turnpike Commission at an estimated cost of $70,000,000 with the
aid of the Public Works Administration and the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation. A survey of the route by the Work Projects
Administration helped to establish the feasibility of constructing such
a superhighway. Built on 124 miles of roadbed and through 7
tunnels originally constructed for the never-completed South Pennsylvania
Railroad, the Turnpike has two concrete lanes, each 24 feet
wide, separated by a 10-foot landscaped parkway. The Turnpike
is a model for modern high-speed highways. The equivalent savings
of money and time by using the Turnpike between New York and
Chicago are estimated at 145 miles.
In a sense the Pennsylvania Turnpike is an experiment. It is a
bold and useful experiment. Many people have said that there
is not sufficient demand for a transportation facility of this character
to warrant the investment. Others think it will pay out. If the trend
is in the direction of pay out on this first section, those who advocate
extending the Turnpike into Pittsburgh and on to Philadelphia will
have their case greatly strengthened. The Pennsylvania Turnpike
Commission is confident that the tolls paid by motorists and motor
carriers who stand to gain substantial savings in money and time
will be more than sufficient to repay the loan of the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation.
Ordinarily a road is built and maintained at public expense. The
Turnpike is different. It offers special services provided by an
unusually heavy investment. Time will be saved that can be
capitalized; cost of travel will be reduced. Those who believe that we
must move boldly to anticipate traffic demands will applaud this
experiment and the work of the men and women through whose
courage and vision this splendid new motor facility has been created.
Perhaps the most interesting feature of the Turnpike’s construction
is its design. For the entire length of the Turnpike there are no
intersections. The highway may be entered on payment of toll at
either end or at any one of nine interchanges along the route. The
result is that there are no intersections (which traffic statistics show
to be one of the most frequent causes of accident) and no sudden
danger to the motorists from slow-moving vehicles entering the
highway from abutting property.
The use of the abandoned railroad right-of-way with its seven
tunnels simplified the job of providing an easy grade. These tunnels,
enlarged, concrete lined, power ventilated, and equipped with automatic
safety devices, total 6% miles in length. The absence of intersections,
the separation of opposing traffic into independent lanes,
52
CHICAGO OUTER DRIVE
This efficient lakeside parkway has been completed with the aid of PWA and
WPA, each agency doing part of the work. The pedestrian overpass shown in
this photograph was constructed by Illinois WPA workers during the fiscal year.
53
the easy gradient, the use of sweeping curves, provide rapid, pleasant
travel unusually free from accidents and defeat traffic delays which
have been common in this area.
In the early days of the Public Works Administration loans to
railroads for electrification and streamlined trains improved the speed
and comfort of rail transportation, and other PWA funds improved
navigation and provided wharves, piers, and docks.
Better Housing
In recent months there has been a tendency to think of housing
exclusively in terms of defense and to overlook the continuing need
for slum clearance and for low-rent housing. Defense housing
activities have been related in the preceding chapter. In part 2 of
this report there is a comprehensive description of the program of the
United States Housing Authority.
There is nearly universal recognition of the need for more adequate
housing. Several nations engaged in the current war have already
promised their people that at the end of the conflict much of the
manpower now engaged in defense industries will be utilized in the
production of better housing.
Here in the United States obsolescence and population growth
combine to produce a growing need for more and better housing.
Accelerated slum clearance and an expanded low-rent housing construction
program would provide an answer to some of the pressing
problems which our people must face after peace abroad is reestablished.
Local Initiative Plus Federal Aid
A network of some several hundred local housing authorities
established during the last 3 years provides local centers for carrying
forward public housing programs. The existence of these local housing
authorities is evidence of the widespread interest of local communities
in the housing problem and of their determination to solve it.
The program of the USHA is directed to the creation of modern
housing neighborhoods rather than scattered developments, in order
to take advantage of economies in large-scale planning and operation,
to secure housing projects which may be economically managed over
long periods of years, and to successfully combat poor conditions in
the slum areas which often surround them.
In these new housing communities modern homes and the community
facilities necessary for healthful living are provided. In
many cases there are central laundries. Playgrounds for children and
54
FIRST USHA HOUSING ON THE PACIFIC COAST
San Francisco’s first housing project, Holly Courts, gives the whole family a
light, airy, well-arranged kitchen. Here will be no slum life for these youngsters;
no constant menace of fire, disease, insecurity and maladjustment.
55
conveniently placed park benches for adults are provided. Facilities
are provided for various forms of wholesome community activities
which are encouraged by the management. As a result juvenile delinquency,
disease, crime, and the other evils which characterize so
many slum neighborhoods are being fought successfully by the entire
housing community.
Housing the Deep South
One of the worst slum districts in Charleston, S. C., was eliminated,
and 162 safe and sanitary dwellings were erected when Anson Borough
Homes were fully occupied in June 1940. The project houses 162
Negro families; 113 of the new tenants formerly lived in slum homes
in the vicinity of the project. The intense housing shortage and
congestion in the city of Charleston necessitated the building of
Anson Borough Homes by successive stages so that families could be
moved into the first completed group of houses before demolition
proceeded on the shacks they formerly occupied. All buildings in the
project are one story high with back-yard courts including protected
play space for children. Simplicity of design throughout assures low
maintenance cost, and makes it possible for the tenants to assume a
large share of the responsibility of management.
Slum Clearance in the Smallest Towns
The town of Mount Hope, W. Va., is the smallest community in the
United States to have a USHA-aided housing project, and represents
one extreme of the range of cities embraced by the housing program.
Its population is only 2,431. The project which has added 70 sturdily
built, two-story duplex frame homes, occupied by families of miners
employed in nearby coal mines, means the elimination of an equivalent
number of hovels in the town. The site of the project was donated
by the city. Located on a narrow strip of rolling land about
three-quarters of a mile long and facing a natural bowl which is used
as a municipal stadium, the 70 new homes take the place of a neighborhood
of dilapidated wooden shacks which formerly stood on the
site.
Housing Begins in San Francisco
On the Pacific Coast the first project to be completed was Holly
Courts in San Francisco, built on a vacant hillside tract formerly
owned by the city; 118 dwelling units have been opened, rehousing
low-income families formerly living in unsafe and insanitary dwellings.
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Adjoining the site on the east is a 7%-acre tract with playground
apparatus and tennis courts. Two-story apartments and two-story
row houses have been constructed, terraced along the contours of the
sloping terrain. Construction is of reinforced concrete throughout
and the heat is supplied by individual gas-fired circulating heaters.
Education and Recreation
The PWA and the WPA have been lifesavers for our schools.
During the last World War many thousands of children were housed
in crowded old school buildings and construction was almost at a
standstill. The deficiency in adequate school facilities was never
made up during the 1920’s, and in the depression that followed 1929
school construction in the United States fell off even more than during
the earlier war years.
During the last 7 fiscal years under the programs of the PWA
and the WPA one and a half billion dollars has been spent for school
construction and improvements. During this time more than 45,000
school buildings were completed, enlarged, or otherwise improved for
the benefit of several million school children. Educational facilities
in at least three-fourths of the 3,071 counties of the United States
have been increased and improved as a result of this new construction.
In the last fiscal year about 5,000 of these school projects were
completed.
Universities, colleges, high schools, and elementary schools have
shared in the new buildings and additions which these Federal programs
provided. Hazardous school buildings have been eliminated.
Most of the new buildings are designed to make possible a richer and
more varied educational program. Generous provision has been
made for auditoriums, gymnasiums, libraries, laboratories, and facilities
for vocational training and for recreation.
New Schools for Community Use
One among thousands of communities long in need of more ample
school room, New Ulm, Minn., took advantage of the WPA program
to acquire two additions to its high school—new classrooms and a
gymnasium-auditorium. Seventeen modern classrooms, a large dining
room, a manual-training shop, a home-economics room, and a control
board for radio reception and transmission are provided. The gymnasium-
auditorium wing is 128 by 116 feet. A balcony and bleachers
for spectators have been provided. In the basement are a handball
court, exercise room, shower, team, and band rooms.
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The Consolidated High School at Charlotte Courthouse, Virginia,
begun as a PWA project in the late summer of 1938 and dedicated in
June of 1940, serves several separate communities. The structure,
erected with an eye to the future and its increasing demand for
educational facilities, is modern in every particular. The spacious
auditorium is actually a community center where problems concerning
every activity of the county are discussed. A fire which
destroyed the old school emphatically brought to the fore the need for
a building in which the fire hazard should be, so far as possible,
eliminated and provision made for proper sanitation. The total
cost of this school was about $235,000, which includes a Public Works
Administration grant of approximately $105,000.
In addition to its school construction, the WPA has aided education
through its professional and service projects. Using the talents and
training of unemployed men and women, WPA has reduced illiteracy
and aided in the process of naturalizing aliens. An extensive program
has provided educational opportunities for adults. Mobile
libraries, correspondence courses, vocational training, and Braille for
the blind are all part of the extensive educational facilities which
WPA provides.
Nursery schools for children of low-income families are also provided
by WPA. Local housing authorities have in many instances
arranged for nursery schools in public housing projects built with
funds of the United States Housing Authority.
The Cajans Learn English
An unusual example of the WPA’s adult education activities is
found in Louisiana. Here the problem was to teach English to the
Acadians, descendants of early French settlers from Canada, and to
the Creoles, descendants of the French who settled early in New
Orleans. These groups who hunt and trap in the marshlands and
who farm are handicapped in their business dealings by their lack of
English. Where trapping is the principal industry, a special vocabulary
pertaining to hunting, trapping, and marketing has been compiled,
and students are taught the basic words.
Opportunities for Leisure
In addition to provision for recreation incidental to the school
buildings financed under these Federal work programs much has been
done by the constituent agencies of the Federal Works Agency to
extend and improve recreational facilities.
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HELP FOR FUTURE FARMERS
Among the thousands of educational buildings constructed by WPA is this
new barn and dairy plant at the University of Maryland, College Park, Md.
274771- -41------ 5
59
EDUCATION FOR ALL
Classes in reading and writing have been conducted by WPA to eliminate illiteracy.
Vocational courses, such as the typing class shown, have taught many thousands
of students how to win better jobs and happiness by improving their skills.
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New football gridirons, baseball diamonds, and basketball and
tennis courts have been provided for children and adults. New
stadia, new gymnasia, and new swimming pools are providing recreation
for hundreds of thousands of Americans. Thousands of parks
and neighborhood playgrounds have been created and existing
recreational areas improved. Conservatories, bridle paths, and zoos
have been built.
The new San Francisco Zoological Garden, dedicated in October
1940, is only one of many outdoor recreational developments of
WPA. Built on a 92-acre tract which at the time of its purchase
was covered with sand and eucalyptus trees, its construction has
required 5 years. Today its modern zoological installations are one
of San Francisco’s most popular attractions.
The construction and improvement of roads and trails have made
our national parks more readily and completely available, and the
construction of lodges and shelters have added to their comfort.
Dams for public power have created great lakes and new opportunities
for boating, bathing, and fishing. Through the provision of these
facilities the needs of the American people for healthful recreation
have been partially met.
The WPA, through its recreational program, has provided leadership
and supervision for nearly every sport and type of recreation.
Outdoor and indoor games, art and craft work, amateur drama, and
music have helped to satisfy the need for play and culture.
A descriptive catalog of all the natural wonders and historic shrines,
the architectural treasures and commercial attractions of the Nation,
has been prepared by WPA projects. Appearing as the American
Guide Series this catalog is the product of accurate description by
local investigators from Maine, A Guide to Down East to California,
A Guide to the Golden State. These guides fill a gap long felt by
tourists in America and by penetrating to the social and economic
background of the localities establish a new pattern for guidebooks.
Guides are now available for every State and many cities, printed and
distributed by some of the best known publishers and universities, at
reasonable prices.
The mural paintings and sculpture provided by the Section of Fine
Arts of the Public Buildings Administration are enj oyed by those who
use our public buildings. Contracts for such work usually are
awarded on the basis of open anonymous competition, and the outstanding
competition last year facilitated the selection of artists to
undertake mural decorations for one post office in each of the 48
States. At the request of the United States Maritime Commission,
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artists selected by the Section of Fine Arts will embellish the new
steamships President Jackson, President Monroe, President Hayes,
President Garfield, President Adams, and President Van Buren.
Toward a Fit Nation
With the cost of illness and premature death in the United States
amounting annually to about 10 billion dollars, there has been a
widespread demand for the facilities and services necessary in order
to improve health and sanitation that the Federal Works Agency
provides.
The Public Works Administration, the Work Projects Administration,
and the Public Buildings Administration have constructed or
improved approximately 3,500 hospital buildings. The estimated
cost of hospital construction under the PWA programs alone was
nearly 400 million dollars. The three agencies have participated in
the construction of more than half of the hospitals built in the United
States since the depression.
At Oswego, Kans., is a typical new WPA-built hospital which
replaces an old wooden structure. It is a fire-and-tornado-proof
building appropriately landscaped, the first hospital to be built in
Kansas of architectural concrete. This modern hospital includes sun
decks, living quarters for nurses, an operating room, nursery, consulting
room, and laboratory.
Included in the hospital construction completed during the last
fiscal year by the Public Buildings Administration was an extension
of the officers’ quarters and the hospital facilities at the Baltimore
Marine Hospital. The work at Baltimore will complement the
research and investigation being carried on by the National Cancer
Institute just outside Washington, D. C. The institute will conduct
exhaustive investigations into the causes of the disease and means of
its prevention and cure, while the Baltimore Marine Hospital and
out-patient clinic will apply the methods evolved there and other
established treatments for alleviating the sufferings of patients afflicted
by the disease.
One of the smaller PWA hospital projects completed during the
last fiscal year is located at Loudon, in eastern Tennessee. Existing
facilities and equipment were outmoded and wholly inadequate when
the application for this project was filed with the Public Works
Administration in July of 1938. Upon completion in September 1939,
this project, erected and equipped at a cost of about $67,000, provided
32 additional beds, expanding the capacity for both medical and
surgical attention in a locality where they had long been lacking.
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For Pure Water and Clean Streams
The construction of adequate sewage disposal facilities by the
PWA and the WPA has provided health protection against untreated
sewage flowing into waters used by the public. During the
relatively brief existence of these two agencies, more progress has
been achieved toward the abatement of pollution from municipal
sources than had been reported during the preceding quarter century.
WPA alone has laid 18,000 miles of new sewer lines while PWA is
responsible for sanitary sewage-disposal projects in excess of $400,-
000,000, of which projects costing $180,000,000 were completed during
the last fiscal year.
The new and improved water-supply systems financed in part by
PWA and WPA funds have contributed to the health and well-being
of millions of Americans. New filtration plants, reservoirs, pumping
plants, storage tanks, purifying and water-softening plants have been
built. Metropolitan water systems have been improved, but the outstanding
feature has been the thousands of small communities which
for the first time have been able to secure a safe palatable water
supply.
Much other construction has benefited the health of local communities.
Notable examples are the building of garbage incinerators,
the construction of nearly 2 million sanitary privies, the drainage
of lowlands and swamp areas, and the sealing of abandoned mines
by WPA.
Helping Those in Need
In addition to the provision for better health made by many of
its construction projects, WPA has been able to supplement existing
medical services and to provide better care for the sick. Lffiemployed
doctors, dentists, nurses, and laboratory technicians have been
given work in examining and treating hundreds of thousands of children
and adults who otherwise would have been inadequately cared
for. The millions of visits WPA housekeeping aides have made to
homes to assist in the housework and care of the children have meant
needed rest and recuperation for countless stricken mothers.
To nourish and fortify the bodies of needy school children, free
hot lunches have been prepared by WPA workers. During March
1940, a typical month, a million children per day in nearly 14,000
schools throughout the country were given these substantial meals.
From this brief description of a handful of typical Federal Works
projects—not a thousandth of the work completed during the last
year—it is easy to see how all the various parts of FWA are working
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together to build for cities, States, and the Federal Government
those structures so necessary to a free and productive people. These
examples give life to cold statistical summaries that may be consulted
elsewhere in this report. They may help to visualize the Federal
Works program: behind every digit in the tabulations reported is a
human fact, a human story, a human accomplishment.
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PART TWO
A report on the work of each of the five agencies composing
the Federal Works Agency: the Public Buildings Administration,
Public Roads Administration, Public Works Administration, United
States Housing Authority, and Work Projects Administration.
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WORK OF THE PUBLIC BUILDINGS
ADMINISTRATION
★
★ ★
MOST of the buildings in use by the Federal Government are
designed, constructed, maintained, and operated by the Public
Buildings Administration. Those buildings located on Army and
Navy reservations are generally constructed and maintained by the
services.
Like the Federal Works Agency of which it is a part, the Public
Buildings Administration was created by the Reorganization Act of
1939. Its present services were formerly carried on by the Public
Buildings Branch of the Treasury Department’s Procurement Division
and the Branch of Buildings Management, including the office of
space control, of the National Park Service, Interior Department.
By coordinating the work of these offices within the framework of a
single agency, the reorganization plan recognized the need for closely
relating the responsibilities of the architect and engineer with those
of the Buildings Manager. Also, within the District of Columbia,
the office that determined the space needs of the various Federal
departments was now to work directly with the designer.
History and Precedents
The design and construction of buildings for its own use has always
been a part of the regular business of the Federal Government. In
fact, the functions performed by the Public Buildings Administration
are a consolidation of the activities that have been carried on in the
Federal Government since the early days of the Republic. Many of
our early Presidents, notably Washington, Jefferson, and Jackson,
made personal contributions to the design of Federal buildings.
President Jackson appointed the first Federal Architect, Robert
Mills, in July 1836. It has been said that the President and Mills
selected the site for the Treasury building together. Standing on
66
Pennsylvania Avenue just east of the White House, the President
thrust his cane into the ground and said, “The new Treasury Building
will be built here.”
One of the early official documents of Federal building construction
appears in the report of Secretary James B. Guthrie for 1852-53,
which prescribes the duties of the Construction Branch of the Treasury
Department. The first congressional recognition of this branch
appears in the Deficiency Act of 1864. Subsequent acts recognize
the office by one name or another but finally the post of Federal Architect
came to be known as Supervising Architect. On June 10, 1933,
President Roosevelt, by executive order, established the Procurement
Division in the Treasury, of which the Public Buildings Branch was
a major part, and was in effect an expansion of the previous functions
of the Supervising Architect’s Office. This Office is now one of the
major divisions in the Public Buildings Administration.
The inception of building management activities dates back to 1790
when the President authorized three Commissioners to define the
limits of the District of Columbia as a permanent seat of government
and to provide suitable buildings for the accommodation of Congress,
of the President, and the public offices of government. These Commissioners
were later replaced by a superintendent and his duties
were transferred to a Commissioner of Public Buildings. In 1849,
when the Interior Department was created, the Secretary of the
Interior was given supervisory powers over the Commissioner of
Public Buildings. Another change was made in 1868 when the Chief
Engineer of the Army took over the duties of the Commissioner of
Public Buildings, and in 1925 his duties were again transferred, and
this time to a Director of Public Buildings and Public Parks of the
National Capital. A more recent change came in 1933 when President
Roosevelt transferred these functions to the Office of National Parks,
Buildings and Reservations, within the Interior Department. This
office finally came to be known as the National Park Service with a
specialized unit, the Branch of Buildings Management. The space
control office within the Branch of Buildings Management was a
continuation of the work of the old Public Buildings Commission
which previously exercised that function.
The Need for Federal Buildings
The Public Buildings Administration now initiates all Federal
departmental buildings in the District of Columbia; it collaborates
with all Departments on buildings outside the District and then
presents the matter to the Congress.
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In Washington, the PBA continues the construction and management
of buildings to house the various administrative departments
and agencies of the Government, cooperating with the National
Capital Park and Planning Commission and the Commission of Fine
Arts so that the development of the National Capital may follow an
orderly and efficient plan.
Throughout the rest of the country the services which the Federal
Government extends to its citizens cover a wide range of building
types. The Treasury Department must have customhouses; the
Coast Guard needs air stations; the Department of Justice, courthouses
and penitentiaries; the Labor Department must have immigration
depots; the Public Health Service, hospitals and quarantine
stations; and the Department of State, ambassadors’ residences and
embassies in foreign countries.. The Post Office Department needs
the greatest number of Federal buildings. With respect to post
offices, a federally owned building becomes legally eligible when the
postal receipts exceed $10,000 per annum.
In addition to the design and construction of new buildings, the
PBA also remodels and extends existing buildings, carries out necessary
repairs, and acquires new building sites as well as disposing of
those no longer needed.
For the new buildings constructed, its Section of Fine Arts plans
appropriate mural or sculptural decorations, the commissions for
which are awarded to artists selected through anonymous competitions.
Within the District of Columbia, its Office of the Buildings Manager
repairs, cleans, and protects Government owned and leased
buildings, and the Office of Planning and Space Control cooperates
with other Government agencies in planning space needs and assigns
space in Federal buildings and leases space in private buildings.
In over a century and a half of Federal building construction
nearly 4,000 projects, costing more than $1,000,000,000, have been
carried out by the Public Buildings Administration and its predecessors.
The need for Federal buildings has always been pressing, a
need which grew as the Nation grew. Hardly more than half of
these 4,000 projects, however, had been constructed before 1933.
The opportunity for an expanded program came during that year
when Congress included the construction and remodeling of Federal
buildings in the Public Works program, which had been planned to
help stimulate private industry and halt increasing unemployment in
the midst of economic depression.
Funds for Federal buildings initiated since 1933 have been made
available through emergency construction acts or through the transfer
of funds from other departments of government. During the
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1940 fiscal year, most of the projects under construction outside the
District of Columbia were allotted funds under the Construction
Program Acts of 1937 and 1938, which had authorized $130,000,000
for a 3-year program.
Buildings Within the District of Columbia
During the 1940 fiscal year, the Public Buildings Administration
spent about $10,800,000 in the District of Columbia for new construction,
extensions, remodeling, and major alterations of Federal
buildings.
The largest project undertaken was the construction of the Social
Security Board and the Railroad Retirement Board Buildings. The
story of these two buildings, which are considered as a single project
and have been erected on adjacent properties, illustrates how the
PBA functions in relation to the planned development of Washington,
and how, at the same time, it provides efficient work space for
one of the major activities of government.
The Social Security and the Railroad Retirement Boards are two
of the newest agencies of government. Though distinct organizations,
they both administer Nation-wide security programs requiring
staffs that together total more than 10,000 workers. As these
agencies grew, following the passage of the Social Security Act in
1935 and the Railroad Retirement Act in 1937, it was necessary to
house their personnel in over a dozen different office buildings, converted
hotels, garage lofts, and temporary buildings constructed during
the last war. The bulk of the Social Security clerical work has
had to be carried on in a large warehouse building in Baltimore.
In 1938, Congress appropriated $14,250,000 for the acquisition of
the necessary land and the construction of the two buildings. All of
the work in connection with the project became the responsibility of
the Public Buildings Administration.
Planning the Location of Federal Buildings
In locating the site for the buildings, it was necessary to inaugurate
the development of a new area for Federal buildings—the Southwest
Triangle. Federal building sites have been selected in accordance
with Washington’s city plan. Naturally over a period of years this
plan has gone through a number of revisions. The original plan of
the city was laid out by Maj. Pierre Charles L’Enfant in 1791 and
the major subsequent change was made in 1902 when Senator James
McMillan of Michigan established a park commission to work out a
69
more practical plan for modern requirements. These functions are
now the work of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission.
Before 1939, most departmental office buildings had been fitted into
the Federal Triangle and Northwest Rectangle, but with the completion
of the Federal Trade Commission Building at the Apex,
there was not a large enough unreserved space within the above areas
to locate the Social Security and Railroad Retirement Buildings.
Besides, the placement of the buildings in the southwest sector would
relieve and disperse traffic congestion in the other areas and help
stimulate widespread civic improvements in that section.
The specific location chosen for the buildings permits the Social
Security Building to face the Mall and Independence Avenue, and
both buildings may be said to be in the shadow of the Capitol.
The Problem of Building Design
Naturally over a period of years tastes in architecture for Federal
buildings have changed considerably and in Washington there are
examples of nearly every style that has been popular in this country.
Present tastes happily demand the simplicity and dignity characterizing
modern classic, and it is in this style that the two new buildings
were designed.
All the drawings for the buildings originated in the Office of the
Supervising Architect, which in a sense was a new departure. Though
for many years that office had had architectural duties in connection
with buildings outside of the District and helped to advise and
administer the plans for those in W ashington, eminent private architects
had generally been commissioned to work out the design motifs.
Under the expanded program for Federal buildings beginning in 1933
the staff of Federal architects had been increased, and well-known
designers and consulting architects, engaged both part time and full
time, largely replaced the system of awarding commissions to outside
architects.
Exterior appearance, though in its own way important, is only a
small factor in planning a modern government office building. Limited
in height to five stories and a penthouse, the space within the Social
Security and Railroad Retirement Buildings had to be designed to
provide the maximum light and ventilation for both large and small
working areas. Much of the clerical work of the two boards requires
the use of specialized card sorting and counting machinery, and these
functions had to be taken into consideration in determining the
arrangement of the space within the building. Building design thus
contributes to the efficiency of administrative operations.
70
MATERIALS FOR PUBLIC BUILDING
This unique collection of building materials is housed in the Public Buildings
Administration where it is consulted frequently by architects and engineers
engaged in designing the various Government buildings and other structures.
71
Each building is rectangular in shape, and above the second floor
the introduction of light courts gives the buildings a central stem
running east and west, and series of wings running north and south.
Ample space is allowed between the two structures in the form of a
plaza and the Railroad Retirement Building, with its main entrances
facing this court, will be connected with the Social Security Building
by a tunnel. Freight and mail deliveries will enter and exit by ramps
leading underground from the plaza, and within the buildings they
will be able to unload directly on special conveyors and elevators for
maximum ease and speed of handling.
Modern Federal Building Facilities
Some special considerations for the future occupants of the building
typify the detail in which a modern government building is planned.
As with all buildings in Washington, heat is supplied by the Central
Heating Plant, but the engineers stationed at the new buildings will
be able to control it in relation to the self-contained ventilating system.
For hot weather, a new development in air conditioning
controls the interior temperature in accordance with the position of
the sun. In the morning, as the sun’s rays beat down on the eastern
sector of the buildings, rheostats step up the flow of cool air in that
area. Similarly as the sun moves from east to west, this sensitive
system adjusts itself automatically.
Each building will have its own cafeteria to be operated on a nonprofit
basis, assuring wholesome food at a minimum cost, and sandwich
counters will be available adjacent to special sundecks on the roofs of
both buildings.
Special care has been taken to provide modern protection against
fire. An elaborate burglar- and fire-alarm system will terminate at a
panel in the captain of the guard’s office. In addition, each building
has been divided into zones by partitions and doors in order to localize
any possible fire.
All of this complicated work of planning the buildings was carried
out during the winter of 1938-39 and with the preparation of working
drawings and specifications the Office of the Supervising Architect
was ready to turn the project over to a private contractor and to the
Office of the Supervising Engineer, whose inspectors would check the
builder’s work on the site.
Bids were called for and opened during the spring of 1939, and in
June, almost coincidental with the beginning of the 1940 fiscal year,
the contractor got under way, first clearing the site of existing buildings,
then driving piles for the new buildings.
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Emergency Space Needs
During the construction period, however, the present defense
program had precipitated an emergency need for office space comparable
to a similar situation during the last war, 1917-18. The
operations of the War Department, housed in a building constructed
during the last war, and the National Defense Advisory Commission,
scattered in ten different buildings, were being hampered by lack of
space. The Office of Planning and Space Control recommended the
new buildings be temporarily loaned to the NDAC and the War Department.
In order to assure the completion of the buildings by
November 1940, Congress appropriated an additional $500,000 for
construction speed-up.
While the Social Security and Railroad Retirement Buildings were
designed prior to the establishment of the PBA in its present form, the
second largest project initiated within the District of Columbia during
the 1940 fiscal year, the new home for the War Department, was the
first major project to be planned by the new administration.
The War Department Building
Of the $26,000,000 authorized by Congress for a War Department
Building, only $10,800,000 has been appropriated thus far. These
funds, however, have permitted the purchase of the entire site and the
cost of designing and building one unit.
To rank in size and importance with the largest Federal buildings
in the city, the site selected for the building is within the northwest
rectangle, which begins with the present State, War, and Navy
Building just west of the White House and extends to the banks of the
Potomac River. The two Interior buildings are the largest buildings
within this area at the present time. A Navy Department building
has been proposed for the west end of the rectangle.
The new War Building will face on Twenty-first Street, and the
entire site occupies two city squares. In the present plan for the
development of the rectangle it will balance, on an east-west axis,
the new Interior Department Building, and a proposed building
adjoining it on the west. Between these two groups will be a large
plaza, enclosed on the north by the Rawlins Park Mall, and the south
by the new Federal Reserve Bank Building.
Benefits from the cooperation of the designers and the Buildings
Manager are evident in the plans for this building. One of the
problems, for instance, which the Manager has had in older buildings is
an excessive number of entrances at which guards must be stationed.
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THE ARMY MOVES IN
War Department vans are here moving the staff of the Quartermaster Corps into
the Railroad Retirement Board building, recently completed by PBA in Washington.
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Architects for the War Department Building have limited the number
of entrances. War Department officials are highly in accord with the
plan as their records in time of crisis must be protected with vigilance.
Another problem of design which concerned the Buildings Manager
was the plan of the main lobby in order to accommodate visitors who
wish to tour important Federal buildings in the Capital City. In the
solution of this problem, the designers created within the lobby a special
mezzanine floor where display cases and other types of exhibits
will present a comprehensive survey of the work of the Department.
Reached by staircases which are integral motifs in the lobby design,
the building guards may guide the tourists directly to the balconies
and thus prevent crowding of the area leading to administrative
offices.
Exterior design of the building which will be seven stories high is
also in the modern classical style, and its simple wall surfaces of buff
limestone will have a shot-sawn finish to provide a greater play of light
and shadow.
An essential addition to the main facade will be a number of pieces
of free standing sculptures and bas-reliefs. These contributions to
the building will be under the direction of the Section of Fine Arts
within the PBA. During the period the building was being designed,
the Section worked closely with the architects in planning the specifications
for these decorations. Benefits of this cooperation are also
evident in the placement of the mural space within the building.
To be found directly opposite the entrance doors at the far end of a
long lobby, and an essential element in the lobby design, the mural
may be viewed and studied in a perspective seldom found in modern
buildings unless planned jointly by artists and architect. The commissions
for the mural and the sculptures will be awarded by PBA to
artists who have qualified in the anonymous competitions conducted
by the Section of Fine Arts. The construction contract for the War
Department Building was awarded in March 1940, and occupancy is
expected by the summer of 1941.
General Federal Office Building
The third important project undertaken by the Public Buildings
Administration during the 1940 fiscal year represents a new solution
to the constantly pressing office-space problem in the District of
Columbia. Though most of the major departments of the Government
had been supplied with buildings during the last 15 years, a
great many of their divisions and most of the independent agencies
and commissions had to be housed in rented space.
274771—41------ G
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In 1939, when the question arose of finding adequate space in a
single building for the 1940 census tabulation, surveys indicated that
nowhere in the city, in either Government-owned or commercial buildings,
could adequate quarters be provided for this work.
The solution was a General Federal Office Building which could be
built with the speed of a warehouse and could be divided as needed by
movable partitions into offices of varying sizes. Functional both in
purpose and design, such a building could be made available to any
Government agency, temporary or permanent, whose space needs
justified the use of the building.
The appropriation for the General Federal Office Building No. 1
(others may be built to alleviate space problems under the defense program)
was $3,500,000, and the site chosen was almost directly behind
that of the Social Security and Railroad Retirement Buildings in the
southwest area.
Everything in connection with the project was expedited so that the
building would be ready early in 1940. The work of the Office of the
Supervising Architect in designing this six-story building to house over
6,000 clerical workers was completed in record time. Within a month
after the money had been appropriated construction bids were asked.
Effecting Construction Speed
Speed of construction required the closest cooperation of contractor
and PBA engineers, and that this was effected is attested by the fact
that the building was completed in a little more than 4 months.
Construction was expedited in many different ways on this project.
The pile drivers began their work as soon as the excavators had
cleared one end of the site. They in turn were crowded by men installing
foundation footings, erecting forms, and placing reinforcing steel
and pouring concrete. When needed, as much as 800 tons of reinforcing
steel were produced in the mills of Pennsylvania and delivered to
the job each week.
Concrete was mixed in transit from the source of supply and was delivered
twenty-four hours a day during the period that the job proceeded
in three shifts, the night crew toiling under the glare of floodlights.
Meanwhile, men were working in an Indiana quarry extracting and
fabricating stone facing for the base of the building. Clay pits and
kilns worked overtime to supply the necessary 2,000,000 bricks.
Cement plants supplied 56,000 barrels of cement. Granite from New
Hampshire, prefabricated windows and doors from Pennsylvania and
New York, structural glass from Ohio, tile from New Jersey; hardware,
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plumbing and heating fixtures, electrical equipment and many other
materials had to flow to the job as they were needed.
As high as 1,300 men were employed at the building site at one time,
representing 85 trades and crafts. The work was further speeded by
the adoption of a vacuum dehydrating method of treating concrete,
by which floor slabs could be released from supports ahead of normal
time, and could be worked by finishers 30 minutes after pouring.
Economy, as well as speed, figured in the construction of the General
Federal Office Building. Unlike the Navy and Munitions Buildings
constructed during the last war, the intention of the Public Buildings
Administration was to create a permanent type building that would
approach the life of the monumental type of federal building.
By February 1, 1940, the Public Buildings Administration was able
to turn over three completely finished floors to the Census Bureau and
by April 1 the occupancy of the entire building was completed. When
the present work of the census tabulation is over, the General Federal
Office Building will be available for assignment by the Office of Planning
and Space Control to another Government agency.
Other Projects During the Year
Other important construction work of the PBA within the District
of Columbia during the 1940 fiscal year was the completion of Annex
No. 3 for the Government Printing Office, continuation of the work on
a laboratory for the Bureau of Standards, and initiation of work on a
restaurant for the National Zoological Park, and a dining hall for the
National Training School for Boys. Though not within the city
limits, but designed for the use of the Nation’s Capital, was the project
for the construction of a terminal building and hangars for the Washington
National Airport. Work was commenced before the end of the
fiscal year, and represents the PBA’s contribution to the whole project
which is under the direction of the Civil Aeronautics Authority.
Federal Buildings Outside the District of Columbia
Outside the District of Columbia, a total of 280 major construction
projects were completed during the year by the PBA and contracts
were awarded for an additional 300. Exclusive of land costs, this
work represents an expenditure of $42,775,000.
Well over 200 of these projects were small post-office buildings, with
allotments generally ranging from $70,000 to $100,000 for site purchase,
-construction costs, and the PBA administrative expenses.
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A Post Office for Mayville, Wis.
Typical of many of these buildings is the post office for Mayville,
Wis. A detailed study of this one project will illustrate the work of
the PBA in connection with this specialized type of Federal building.
The need for the Mayville Post Office was disclosed through surveys
prepared by the regional post-office inspector and the project
was one of 1,439 included in a list recommended to Congress by the
Joint Committee of the Post Office Department and the Treasury,
and an allotment of $75,000 was proposed. (The project was recommended
before the PBA was established as part of the Federal Works
Agency. This joint committee is now made up of officials of the
Federal Works Agency and the Post Office Department.) The size
of the building and equipment required are based on the local postoffice
business as recorded over a 10-year period, with provision for
growth. By law, the Mayville postmaster had to show a gross business
in postal receipts of $10,000 a year before a new building could be
considered.
Like so many of our small American towns, Mayville serves the
entire agricultural area surrounding it, yet the presence of several
factories keep it from being strictly a “farmers’ town.” Situated in
a valley along the Rock River, Mayville is approximately 55 miles
northwest of Milwaukee.
According to the last three censuses its population has increased
only a few hundred in 20 years, being about 2,300 in 1910 and estimated
at 2,900 in 1938. Its postal receipts, however, had jumped
from $8,000 to $18,000 during the same period.
Planning a Post Office
In his description of the postal facilities then in use in Mayville,
the postal inspector reported to the Post Office Department in
Washington:
The post office occupied a room 21 by 63 feet in a two-story brick building
which was designed for hotel purposes. The principal disadvantage of these
quarters is represented by the obsolete equipment which has been accumulated
and assembled over a period covered by successive lease contracts. In addition
to this, the floor is somewhat congested with a very restricted area assigned to
the post-office lobby and the loading entrance, approach, and parking facilities
for mail vehicles also are far from satisfactory.
When the project was included as part of the building program, steps
were taken by the Office of the Fiscal Manager to acquire the best
possible site for the building.
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A PUBLIC BUILDING
This new post office in Mayville, Wis., was built by the Public Buildings Administration
in 1940 and is typical of hundreds of similar buildings in small towns.
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Here again the postal inspector contributed his services, and
together with the postmaster, investigated all of the sites that were
offered following a public advertisement. A site accessible to both
the business and residential districts was selected in August 1938, and
by March 1939, the lengthy legal process of vesting the title in the
government was completed.
To advise the designer of the special needs of the Mayville postal
service and the character of the site, the postmaster filled out a series
of questionnaires submitted to him by the Office of Space Control and
the Office of the Supervising Architect. In addition to these reports,
an engineer from the Supervising Engineer’s field office at Chicago
visited the site and prepared a topographical survey.
Needs and fundamental data having been correlated, the Mayville
* project was assigned to one of the PBA architectural groups. Working
closely with the designer were mechanical and structural engineers
who designed the necessary heating, lighting, and plumbing facilities,
the foundations, the structural frame, and paving.
Problems of Post Office Design
Architecturally, too, the building was planned to conform to the
dominant style of the locality, and for the Mayville project a simple,
contemporary design was created. Allocation of space within the
building fulfills the requirements set forth by the Post Office Department.
One story in height, the front portion of the first floor is given
over to a public lobby, with the postmaster’s office on the right and
an alcove for local boxes on the left. The wall separating the lobby
from the workroom is called a “screen-line” and in the Mayville Post
Office building it contains five service windows. Two of these
windows for money orders and registry open directly into an office
for the finance section, which is partitioned from the rest of the workroom
by a wire mesh screen.
The workroom terminates in a mailing vestibule and platform, and
in the left rear corner is a small comfortable room where postal employees
may relax between work shifts. One of the special requirements
for any post office is a look-out system. In the Mayville
Federal building, this consists of a tiny room where a postal inspector
may observe the work in the finance and other sections through glass
slots so small that his presence is never known to the employees.
In June 1939, the Public Buildings Administration awarded the construction
contract to the lowest bidder among nine builders who submitted
proposals. Though the bids had been nationally advertised,
the job naturally attracted contractors in Illinois, Minnesota, and
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Wisconsin. A contractor from nearby Janesville, Wis., received the
award.
Community Interest in the New Post Office
Public interest in the project increased as the building took shape,
and was manifested on two ceremonial occasions, the cornerstone
laying and the final dedication of the building. The building was
completed in April of 1940, and dedicated Memorial Day.
The Trade and Farm News, published monthly in Mayville,
reported the order of march for the dedication ceremony which followed
the Memorial Day services:
The parade, including the American Legion, Legion Band, Legion Auxiliary,
city officials, school children, Girl Scouts, Sea Scouts, Boy Scouts, and the highschool
band is scheduled to start promptly at 9 a. m. from the gymnasium. . . .
Upon completion of the ceremonies at the cemetery, the entire parade is to march
to the new post office, where a joint program begins at 10 o’clock. The public
is invited to inspect the post office from 1 to 4 o’clock.
The Public Buildings Administration had still another contribution
to make, however, before the project was reported complete on its
accountants’ books. Approximately 1 percent of the construction
costs were made available to its Section of Fine Arts, and by March
an artist from Milwaukee who had been a runner-up in a recent
Nation-wide competition was commissioned to paint a mural to be
installed over the door to the postmaster’s office at the right end of
the lobby. Before the end of the fiscal year the artist had visited
Mayville, and after consulting with the Postmaster and other interested
citizens, had completed preliminary sketches of an appropriate
design. The mural which will depict a local farm scene is scheduled
for completion by January 1941.
A General Purpose Federal Building
The post office for Mayville, Wis., is a single purpose Federal
building but most of those constructed by the PBA in larger cities
contain space for a number of Federal agencies. The new Appraisers’
Stores and Immigration Station Building begun during this fiscal
year in San Francisco, for instance, not only provides facilities for
those two services, but 6 of its 14 stories will offer ample space for the
field offices for 10 other Government departments. The facilities
needed for this building presented many special problems to the
designer. Living quarters for immigrants, for instance, were requested
and included a series of sun decks and recreation courts, hospital, and
laundry. These rooms are located on the top four floors of the
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building, and reached by special elevators. Other occupants of the
building will hardly be conscious of the activities in that section of the
structure.
Mechanization of Postal Service
One of the largest buildings completed during the fiscal year, the
Philadelphia Courthouse, contains both the United States district
court and the court of appeals, as well as offices for almost a dozen
other Government agencies.
The building also houses a large postal substation, in which the
most modern of postal equipment has been installed. In planning a
streamlined system for the flow of incoming and outgoing mail,
Public Buildings Administration designers worked closely with postal
technicians. The workroom within the station is designed to handle
a volume greatly in excess of the volume anticipated for the next
few years. The essential operating equipment in the sorting of
outgoing mail is a series of conveyor belts constantly moving toward
the stations where the letters are placed in individual bags. The mail
sorter stands beside a low wide belt and picks up the unassorted mail
as it reaches him. On either side, arranged like shelves, are a whole
series of constant moving belts which represent the broad geographical
areas to which trains and airplanes will travel within the next few
hours. These postal workers are so familiar with the special requirements
of their jobs that they are able to tell immediately the transportation
schedule servicing any town in the United States. The mail
is now carried to the other sorters who again break it down into smaller
areas. From there it is dumped into sacks and dropped through
slots in the floor which are openings for spiral chutes that lead the
mail directly to the truck platform.
Incoming mail is subject to a similar arrangement. After the mail
is sorted according to the broad divisions of that section of the city
which the postal station services, it is sent on belts to sorters who
throw it letter by letter into distribution racks, each pigeon hole
representing a portion of the carrier’s route.
Federal Hospital Modernization
One of the more specialized types of Federal buildings which are
built or modernized by the PBA are the marine hospitals operated by
the Public Health Service. These institutions were founded to serve
merchant seamen, but their extensive facilities are now available to
more than 15 other classes of beneficiaries who are or have been in the
Federal service. Most of the work undertaken by the PBA is ex82
tending or improving present facilites. For instance, at Carville, La.,
the only leper colony in continental United States, a huge replacement
program is under way which will displace hazardous, out-of-date
structures with new cottages for the patients, new residential quarters
for the staff, and modern laundry facilities. Though highly functional
in purpose, all of the new buildings at Carville have been designed in
the architectural style of the region which stems from the old colonial
buildings of New Orleans.
Other interesting building types which the PBA had under contract
or in the design stage during the year was a forestry building for
Laconia, N. H., a maritime training station for New London, Conn., a
group of Public Health Service laboratories at Bethesda, Md., a postoffice
garage for Boston, Mass., and a Federal reformatory for women
at Dallas, Tex. During the year, also, architectural and engineering
services were rendered in the design and construction of the Franklin
D. Roosevelt Library at Hyde Park, N. Y.
Architectural Competitions
Though the Office of the Supervising Architect originates almost all
of the Federal building designs for projects outside the District of
Columbia, the practice of seeking talent and progressive expression
among private architects through the medium of regional competitions
was continued during the year. In the four competitions which attracted
577 entries, designs were selected by outside architectural juries
for public buildings in Burlingame, Calif., Jamestown, N. Y., Montpelier,
Vt., and Tacoma, Wash.
Real Estate Section
The Real Estate Section returned over $1,500,000 to the United
States Treasury during the last fiscal year and almost $5,000,000 in
the last 5 years. The source of this money was the sale of surplus
Federal real estate.
The work of the Real Estate Section properly belongs within the
PBA because, for the most part, the properties it sells are the old
buildings and sites which have been replaced by more modern Federal
buildings. For instance, 77 of the 136 properties disposed of during
the last 5 years were vacated post offices and courthouses in cities
where the PBA had provided new facilities. Generally situated in the
heart of urban business districts, these sites often have potential value
as locations for new office and store buildings, and even parking lots.
Obsolete immigration stations and customhouses often offer advantageous
waterfront sites. Old lighthouse reservations are also listed
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for sale. One of the buildings sold by the Real Estate Section last
year had been a mint.
The operations of the section are governed by special legislation
which permits the PBA to negotiate directly with the bidders after a
public bid opening has been held. Municipalities, counties, and States,
however, may obtain these properties at not less than 50 percent of
their appraised value as long as they are retained for public use.
Office of Planning and Space Control
The operations of the Office of Planning and Space Control have
been mentioned in various other sections of this report, but a comprehensive
picture of its responsibilities indicates the size of the task in
providing practical working space for Government departments and
agencies.
Recently, the national defense program has considerably increased
the demand for office space in Washington necessary to accommodate
the Federal establishment. Each of the Government-owned buildings
is filled to capacity and even though these buildings represent a net
area of over 16,000,000 square feet, it has been necessary to lease almost
5 million more square feet to provide for the thousands of new workers
that the defense program has brought to Washington. In annual
rentals the Space Control Office handles leases which amount to
$4,500,000.
Outside the District of Columbia the field section of this office
controls space in 136 courthouses, customhouses, and other Federal
buildings and at the end of the fiscal year had cleared leases for approximately
70,000,000 square feet in 14,800 buildings at an annual rental
cost of $21,000,000.
This office also determines space needs in all new and newly enlarged
buildings, including post offices during the period of planning
and construction and up to the time of their completion.
Office of Buildings Manager
Acres of floors have to be scrubbed every night, hundreds on hundreds
of desks must be dusted between sunset and sunrise, tens of
thousands of square feet of windows must be kept clean, tons of waste
paper removed nightly, and the vast assortment of machinery must be
kept functioning in the Federal office buildings of the Nation’s
Capital. All this work, and more, is the responsibility of the Office
of the Buildings Manager.
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PIPES AND WIRES
Operating a modern building is very much like running an ocean liner. Like
the heating machinery shown in this photograph elevators must be run,
ventilating systems operated, if office buildings are to be well-maintained.
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THEY HELP OPERATE
PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Running elevators and
washing windows are only
two of the dozens of jobs
required in order to keep
public buildings running
and in good condition.
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Not only does this office operate and maintain 46 Governmentowned
buildings in the District of Columbia, it also has responsibilities
for the proper functioning of 58 buildings wholly leased and
27 buildings which are partially leased to the Government. Outside
the District of Columbia, the Office of Buildings Manager is responsible
for the operation of 119 buildings, ranging from a courthouse
and customhouse in St. Louis, Mo., which contains nearly 8,000,000
cubic feet of space, to a border station at Calais, Maine, with only
8,200 cubic feet.
The Scope of Buildings Management
Some of the more astronomical figures relating to the buildings in
Washington show that is these 46 Government-owned buildings there
are 19,221,000 square feet of floor space, while the 85 leased buildings
in the Capital run the total up to 22,977,000. Outside of Washington
there are 119 buildings under the control of the Office of Buildings
Manager. All of these buildings are, of course, Government-owned,
but do not include post offices. Post offices, although kept in repair
by PBA, are operated by the Post Office Department.
In Washington there are a few buildings which do not come under
the Office of Buildings Manager. These include the Supreme Court
Building, the Congressional Library, House and Senate Office Buildings,
as well as the Capitol itself; the Government Printing Office,
the Navy Yard, the Treasury, including the Treasury Annex and the
Bureau of Engraving and Printing. But the many other Government-
owned or leased buildings must be cleaned, kept operating
efficiently, heated, and protected against fire, theft, and damage.
Faced with these problems as applied to 527 acres of floor space in
the Federal offices of Washington, the trained and observant housewife
would readily admit that the operation and maintenance of these
areas had passed from the field of domestic science to that of engineering
and personnel management.
Servicing Federal Buildings
In order to expedite the work of operating and maintaining these
Federal offices in Washington, the buildings are divided into 10 cohesive
groups, each operating under the direct control of a group superintendent.
Each of these groups has its own carpenter shop, plumbing shop,
paint shop, machine shop, sheet-metal-working shop, and electrical shop.
In addition, each has a stockroom where literally thousands of items,
ranging from cotter pins to elevator replacement parts are carried.
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A central storeroom in the Federal warehouse stores heavy and bulky
items and replacements for the group stockrooms.
Special shops are divided among the groups. For instance, a sign
shop which makes all the signs used in Washington’s Federal offices
is located in the Commerce group, and the Government’s largest
typewriter repair shop and the rubber-stamp shop are located in the
Agriculture group.
Naturally, these shops require the services of skilled and highly
competent mechanics. For shop work in the Government is anything
but routine. High-speed elevators, with self-leveling devices controlled
by vacuum tubes, automatic elevator dispatch systems, massive
air-conditioning equipment, mazes of electric wiring, call and
inter-office communication systems challenge the skill and ingenuity
of maintenance men. Carpenter shops may be called on to turn out
carved judicial benches involving the highest type of cabinet work,
or at a moment’s notice, may have to build a stand for camera men
so that an historic event can be recorded for posterity.
Skilled artisans are needed also for installing new utilities in old
buildings without unduly disturbing either the occupants or the
architecture. Running tunnels for electric conduits, for instance,
through hundred-year-old, 2-foot-thick stone walls is no job for an
amateur.
With thousands of men and women working in offices with valuable
scientific equipment, plumbing must be kept working properly at all
times. Laboratories may require special installations which challenge
the combined ingenuity of the scientists, the superintendent, and the
foremen of the plumbing, carpenter, metal-working, machine, electrical,
and paint shops.
Yet, above all these things is the steady daily task of keeping the
Government offices running smoothly, renewing paint, replacing locks,
repairing furniture, and a thousand and one other details.
Cleaning Federal Buildings
Cleaning may seem like a comparatively simple task, even when it
is scattered over more than 500 acres of floor space, but in Government
buildings these workers must know the methods used to clean
marble floors, wood floors, linoleum-covered and carpet-covered floors.
Foremen must know how to dispose of their help so that a job can
be done thoroughly and economically. Tests are made on cleaning
supplies in the Manager’s own laboratories and in the Bureau of
Standards. Central vacuum cleaning systems have been built into
new buildings on the recommendation of engineers in the office.
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Heavy duty portable and light vacuum cleaners are tested on the job
and fitted to their respective tasks. Floor-scrubbing machines are
used where experience has shown that they work best, and huge
mops, which only men can swing, swish through other halls where
they do the best job. Brooms of all sorts are tried and put to work
as they fit into the cleaning job.
Dusting is divided into two categories, “high cleaning” and “low
cleaning.” The low cleaners dust the desks, chairs, files, and other
things no higher than arms reach. High cleaners, men laborers,
use ladders and clean the pictures, walls, Venetian blinds, chandeliers,
and other objects which cannot be otherwise reached.
Step by step this cleaning process is checked nightly by foremen
who make sure that all things in the offices are in order, as well as
that the work is being done properly.
Guarding Federal Property
Some of these activities are carried on during daylight hours and
some during the night. But 24 hours a day these buildings in Washington
are guarded by the United States special police force. When
the buildings are open during business hours members of this force
direct visitors, furnish information, and are generally the first line of
contact with the public. They maintain order and enforce regulations
governing the public buildings.
When the buildings are closed to the public the guards patrol the
buildings and watch the doors to prevent unauthorized entry. Their
patrols are always on the lookout for fire, or danger of fire, and for
conditions that would imperil safety. A loose balustrade, a torn
rubber mat, or a burned out lamp in a dangerous corner are reported.
While many of the guards are ex-service men they are given special
training for their job. They are instructed in the regulations governing
the buildings, the proper method of the performance of their
duties, and how to prevent as well as fight fires. Many have taken
lessons in first aid in addition to the regular courses of the guard
school.
Fire losses in the Government buildings in Washington have been
kept remarkably low—192 fires of all kinds with a loss of only $514.70
for the fiscal year 1940—by the alertness and training of the guards
and the work of the safety engineer, the fire marshal, and other
officers of the guard force. This work includes the discovery and
removal of fire hazards, inspection of fire-fighting equipment, and the
instruction of the guards in fire-fighting technique as well as in fire
prevention. A unique feature of this instruction is that guards are
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not only trained in the use of fire-fighting equipment, including gas
and smoke masks, but actually put out fires started deliberately in a
test room.
Contributions have been made to the development and application
of the science of fire-loss prevention. The report of the Federal Fire
Council indicates the potential benefits obtainable from the large-scale
use of carbon dioxide in extinguishing fires. The application of fire
resistive construction in the buildings and due fire prevention measures
in their management have resulted in a very low fire loss on Government
property in Washington, on the average less than one-tenth of
what would be expected from the general fire-loss experience of the
country as a whole.
The Central Heating Plant
The problem of keeping Washington’s offices comfortable in the
cold weather was solved by the construction of a Central Heating
Plant, operated by the Office of Buildings Manager. One of the
largest plants of its type in the world, it serves 76 buildings in the
District of Columbia, and during the fiscal year of 1940, burned
104,392 short tons of coal to generate 2,263,679,000 pounds of steam.
The operations of the Central Heating Plant are a surprise to most
visitors. The plant is fully automatic. Coal is delivered by conveyors
to overhead bunkers, fed mechanically to the fires, which are controlled
by automatic devices, and the ashes delivered to freight car
or truck by other conveyors. The stacks of the plant are practically
smokeless day in and day out. Steamfitters from the plant maintain
the miles of pipe in tunnels and conduits which furnish the steam
to the building at 200 pounds pressure. Each building has a reducing
system to drop the pressure to a safe level.
The present plant capacity is naturally limited, and as new buildings
are erected in Washington it has been found necessary to construct
an additional plant. Plans are now being drawn up, and
estimates compiled on the cost and location of an additional plant to
be constructed during the winter of 1940-41.
The Section of Fine Arts
In its work of sponsoring mural and sculptural decorations for
Federal buildings, the Section of Fine Arts has not only increased the
opportunities for American artists to express themselves, but has
also helped to stimulate a Nation-wide art consciousness perhaps not
equalled since the days of the great Italian Renaissance.
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Particularly noteworthy is the competition system which the
Section of Fine Arts has used since its inception in 1934. These competitions
are announced through a series of bulletins made available
to every American artist requesting them. Sufficient time is allowed
for the competitors to study the problem and to prepare designs that
are appropriate to the locality of the building and the tastes and
interests of the public who will use that building.
Each competition, of course, has only one winner but not all of
the mural and sculptural jobs to be carried out are made the subject
of a competition. Consequently, as long as an artist has demonstrated
his ability in the competition and is chosen as a runner-up,
he is eligible for any one of the jobs which do not become competition
problems.
A Portrait of Democracy
Any American artist is free to participate in the competitions,
which are conducted in such a way that his name is not revealed to
the jury until after the judging is completed. By this democratic
method, many unknown and promising artists have been discovered
by the Section, and have received widespread critical and public
recognition. Besides, the Section has helped to revive the art of mural
painting at which some artists are particularly adept. The subject
matter for Federal building decorations is chosen by the artist himself
and not recommended by the Section of Fine Arts. The designs,
however, must be related to the community in which the new Federal
building has been placed and the artist is encouraged to visit the community
and discuss subject matter with leading citizens. In the last
5 years more than 700 artists have participated in this program and
over 900 buildings have been decorated. Critics say that the murals
and sculptures that have been created present the most comprehensive
record of working democracy ever prepared in the visual arts.
During the last fiscal year, the section conducted 2 national competitions
and 52 regional contests. Especially important were the
regional contests conducted simultaneously for a mural in a post
office in each of the 48 States. Over 1,500 entries were attracted by
these competitions, and now as the preliminary designs are being
carried out in full size, a great many of the original color sketches
have become the nucleus of a large traveling exhibit which the section
is sending on a 2-year tour to public museums throughout the country.
One of the national competitions was of a very specialized nature
and called for designs for the decoration of the merchant vessels now
being constructed by the United States Maritime Commission. As a
result of this contest contracts have been awarded to 27 artists.
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Competitions for sculpture to embellish the main facade of the War
Department Building and a contest for free standing sculpture to be
placed in the new Social Security Building auditorium were also
announced before the end of the fiscal year.
Payments to the artists under the Section of Fine Arts program
are very modest and must be kept within 1 percent of the construction
costs for each building. Artists creating a mural or sculpture for a
small post office may expect to receive total payments ranging from
$600 to $1,000 for work that may take up to a year.
Although the Section of Fine Arts has heretofore sponsored only
fixed decorations for Federal buildings, a new competition is now
being organized which will call for 300 water color paintings which
will be turned over to the Marine Hospital projects undertaken by
the PBA. It is felt that at such a hospital as the Carville, La., leper
colony fixed decorations would tend to pall, while water colors could
be frequently moved from room to room and thus continuously change
and brighten the hospital atmosphere.
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WORK OF THE PUBLIC ROADS
ADMINISTRATION
★
★ ★
PROVIDING roads for public travel is one of the oldest services of
Government for the welfare of all the people. Not very far back
in our history this service was provided with little more than dirt
roads. It was a big step forward when States and communities began
to build “all-weather roads”; and though some of the first of
these were narrow and winding, they were received with great enthusiasm
and met an urgent public need for improved transportation
for people and their goods.
Increased population, changes in social life, and extensive industrialization
of our country have created great movements of people and
goods on our highways. Construction of roads to permit this movement
with safety and facility has now become one of the most important
of Government functions, requiring the expenditure of a
large portion of the public revenues.
The great system of highways interconnecting all of our cities and
reaching out to almost every town and village is not something that
just happened naturally or by chance. It is the result of definite
policies of the Federal and State Governments, the creation of organizations
for the efficient construction of highways, and provision
of public funds for the purpose.
The Public Roads Administration is the road building and planning
agency of the Federal Government. Created in 1893, it was at first
concerned only with investigation of how to build roads and education
in construction methods. Since 1916 it has administered
Federal financial aid to the States for highways. Following passage
of the Federal Highway Act in 1921 it cooperated with the States in
the designation of the Federal-aid highway system and has worked
continuously with the States in bringing that system, which is the
main highway network of the Nation, to its present condition of
improvement.
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Strengthening the Federal-aid System
Improvement of the Federal-aid system is the most important
work of the Public Roads Administration but it is by no means its
entire job since the Federal Government has a wide interest in highway
matters. It also administers Federal funds for improvement of
secondary roads and the elimination of highway-railroad grade crossings
in cooperation with the States. It supervises the construction
of roads in national parks and national forests and in other Federal
areas. It conducts research on road building methods and makes
studies of all phases of highway use and highway finance.
In the past fiscal year 19,113 miles of highway of all classes were
completed under the supervision of the Public Roads Administration.
This includes 6,490 miles of Public Works Administration projects.
More than 400 railroad-highway grade crossings were eliminated and
87 obsolete structures were replaced by structures of modern design.
In the work on the Federal-aid system, 7,799 miles were completed.
Since the system covers the entire country many different types of
improvement were made. Entirely new sections of road were built,
old worn-out surfaces were replaced with new and often wider pavements,
new bridges with wide roadways replaced many narrow and
weak bridges, and numerous sections of narrow, winding road were
abandoned on the completion of replacement sections of road of the
most modern design. Some of the most costly work was done in and
near cities where large construction jobs planned to solve major
traffic problems were completed.
In the 12-month period, 4,800 projects were completed, an average
of 100 per State. The number of projects under way ranged
from 4,100 in December 1939 to 5,200 in June 1940. The character
of work done must be shown by selected examples as even a list of
the projects would be too lengthy for presentation.
A statistical report on the work of the Public Roads Administration
showing miles of road built, grade crossings eliminated, and funds
expended will be found in Appendix C.
Tourists by the hundreds of thousands are attracted to Florida
every year and the State intends that there shall be no difficulty in
reaching any of its attractions. It hopes to make every mile of road
an invitation to proceed onward. A recent example is the 29 miles
of highway between Tampa and Brooksville on U S 41. Work on
several sections has been brought to completion in the past 3 years.
Two 11-foot lanes of concrete are separated by a 6-foot strip of
bituminous pavement to be used by passing vehicles. One can travel
on this road with a feeling of complete safety. Only one important
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“RED CONCRETE ROAD’’
Specially designated lane for slow-moving trucks climbing steep grades prevents
much traffic congestion on this cleverly designed highway in the Tennessee hills.
95
cross road intersects the 29 miles of highway. The intersection is of
modern design with long sight distances. Two railroad grade crossings
have been eliminated. There is not a single sharp curve or steep
grade on the new highway. All side slopes are gentle and have been
planted in grass.
The total cost of the 29 miles of highway, including the grade
crossing eliminations, is $1,584,500, of which $792,300 is being paid
with Federal funds.
A list of sources of materials used on this work shows that employment
was created at many distant points. Eight hundred and seventyfour
cars of cement came from Birmingham and Tampa, 923 cars of
sand from Lake Wales, Fla., and 1,502 cars of crushed stone were
shipped from north of Brooksville, Fla. Other materials used were
asphalt from Texas points and Savannah, slag from Birmingham,
tar from Savannah, paint from Trenton, N. J., limerock from Ocala,
Fla., steel from Birmingham, and Pittsburgh, guard-rail plate from
Atlanta, drain pipe from Birmingham and Tampa, and expansion
joint material from Lancaster, Pa., and Richmond, Va.
Tennessee’s “Red Concrete Highway”
Strengthening weak links in the main highway system requires
many different kinds of work. An unusual example is the red
concrete highway” in Tennessee. Actually only one of three lanes is
red. U S 31-W from Louisville to Nashville crosses a low range of
mountains where the location engineer could not avoid a long grade
with several curves even by making rock cuts as deep as 90 feet.
The old road there was known as the Devil’s Elbow.
The route generally has a 22-foot surface which is adequate, but
on the long grade at Devil’s Elbow traffic piled up behind slowmoving
trucks and busses. The highway was relocated for 1.9 miles
and surfaced three lanes wide for 1.1 miles and two lanes wide for
0.8 of a mile. A red mineral coloring matter was added to the concrete
for the right lane going upgrade. This lane is assigned to slow
vehicles. Faster vehicles going upgrade use the middle lane and
descending traffic uses the third lane.
Pavement marks, signs, and the red coloring guide traffic in the
proper channels. The design was made by the Tennessee Highway
Department and the Public Roads Administration as an experiment.
No accidents have occurred in 1 year of use and traffic flows freely
across the mountain. It is expected that the idea will be applied
at other similar locations. The road surfacing cost $64,000, half of
which was paid with Federal-aid funds.
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EXPERIENCE MAKES IT POSSIBLE
Without careful observation and precise design by State highway experts, wind
and water erosion would soon ruin this 75-foot highway cut through Iowa loess.
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Since 1935 improvements on U S 6 in Nebraska have reduced its
length within the State from 388 miles to 373 miles. Completion of
surfacing entirely across the State has greatly reduced travel time.
Residents of the southwest portion of the State now reach the capital
much more conveniently and city markets are much more accessible.
The last link in surfacing U S 6 between Lincoln, Nebr., and Denver,
Colo., has been completed recently. A bituminous surface was built
between Arapahoe and Holdrege, reducing the distance from 40.5 to
30.7 miles and eliminating four railroad grade crossings by highway
relocation. The work cost $610,000, of which $289,000 was Federal
aid.
The Storm King Highway (U S 9-W) up the west side of the
Hudson River above New York City has long been one of the best
known scenic routes in the country. Aside from its scenic value, it
was of great utility in serving the large volume of traffic moving to
and around New York City. As usage has increased this road has
become wholly inadequate to serve its traffic. The recent taking over
of Bear Mountain Bridge by the State and reduction of tolls on it has
increased the number of people desiring to use the route.
The old road, cut into the cliffs of Storm King Mountain, has a
surface varying in width from 16 to 18 feet, with many sharp curves
and limited sight distances.
There has recently been completed a 12.2-mile cut-off, known as
West Point bypass, that is modern in every feature, of great scenic
beauty, and which shortens distance by half a mile. The new location
avoids the narrow streets of Highland and Cornwall. There will
be no congestion on any part of this new 4-lane divided highway.
The Federal Government is paying $1,826,000 of the total cost of
$3,422,000.
Loess Steps Defeat Erosion
Modern road-building methods and equipment make it possible to
build fine roads under conditions so adverse that a good road could
not have been built with any reasonable expenditure 10 or 15
years ago.
A section of the Federal-aid system passes through Logan and
Magnolia in Harrison County, Iowa, and serves a highly developed
farming area. The road is a cross-connection between U S 30 and
U S 75 and traverses rugged loess bluffs along the Missouri River.
Loess is a fine loam deposited by the wind. It is easily graded with
road machinery and easily eroded by rain and wind.
The old road was made with a blade grader only and wound its
way over and around the bluffs. In wet weather everybody stayed
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home because the road was impassable. Little thought was given to
a well-graded road as tremendous cuts would have to be made through
the bluffs and a good road would be difficult to maintain because loess
erodes so easily.
However, the job has been done, and with modern methods it was
not difficult. A 4-mile section has just been completed in which
750,000 cubic yards of earth were moved. Tractor-drawn scrapers
loaded and hauled 20 cubic yards to the trip—as much dirt as could
be hauled by 12 teams in one trip each. This was done at the
unusually low price of 7 cents per cubic yard.
It has been found that if cuts in loess are graded in a series of
steps the soil will stay in place much better than if a sloping bank is
made. The sides of the deep cuts form a series of steps, each step
being about 15 feet high.
The 4-mile section of highway has been graded, a gravel surface
built, and two bridges—one of 120-foot span—have been constructed
at a total cost of $145,000, nearly half of which was paid with
Federal-aid funds.
The effect of modernizing an old highway is well illustrated by
work done on the Federal-aid system between Austin and Houston.
Among the benefits listed for this project are increase in traffic safety
and convenience, saving in time and travel distance, elimination of
hazards of highway and railroad crossings, and avoidance of street
congestion.
Forty-three miles of highway have been graded, a 22-foot concrete
surface placed with 7-foot shoulders, 15 major bridges built, and one
highway overpass and one railroad overpass constructed. This work
cost $1,891,000, half of which was paid with Federal-aid funds.
As a climax to 30 years of effort in South Dakota, the last gaps in
a concrete highway 85 miles long between Sioux Falls and the Iowa
line at Sioux City were closed late in 1939. Three Federal-aid
projects totaling 24.7 miles in length were completed at a cost of
$34,325 per mile, more than half being paid with Federal aid.
One of the most important highway projects in the Northwest is the
widening, straightening, and modernizing of the Pacific Highway,
U S 99, through Oregon and Washington. A four-lane concrete highway
has been completed between Everett and Olympia, Wash., a
distance of 88 miles. Plans have been made for continuation of the
work between Olympia and Vancouver, a distance of 102 miles.
Because of the size of the undertaking work must be spread over
several years. Distance between Vancouver and Olympia will be
shortened by 19 miles, but the elimination of sharp curves and steep
grades is of even greater importance. A standard design for two
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21-foot pavement strips separated by a 4-foot neutral zone is being
used.
In the past year work on this section to cost $1,406,000 has been
under way, the Federal Government contributing $787,000. At one
place the channel of the Lewis River is being moved to save the cost
of a bridge. Over 1 million cubic yards of earth are being moved in
making this channel change.
Numerous improvements of U S 99 in Oregon are under way. At
Oregon City a bypass with a 48-foot roadway 8 miles in length has
been completed at a cost of $240,000. Another four-lane bypass 3.7
miles long is being built at Albany at a cost of $575,000. Relocation of
the route over the Siskiyou Mountains has been under way for several
years. The final link, 6.3 miles long, is now under construction at a
cost of $726,000. Other work is under way aggregating $2,300,000 in
cost. Federal aid is being used on all of these projects.
Large Expenditures Required in Cities
The intersection of Ogden and Cicero Avenues, in Cicero, 111.,
was a traffic bottleneck until recently. Since Ogden Avenue forms
a part of U S Routes 34 and 66, and Cicero Avenue is on State
Route 50, both avenues are heavily traveled. The intersection was
unusual in that both avenues used the same underpass where they
crossed the C. B. & Q. Railroad tracks. The underpass was in line
with Cicero Avenue, which runs north and south straight through the
intersection. On reaching Cicero Avenue, traffic on Ogden Avenue
had to turn left, go through the underpass, and then turn right.
There were traffic lights at both ends of the underpass where the
avenues intersected. Traffic volumes were exceptionally heavy—-
20,000 vehicles per day on Ogden Avenue, 18,000 per day on Cicero
Avenue—-so that from four to six traffic officers were needed during the
morning and evening rush hours to unsnarl traffic and keep it moving.
A large electrical manufacturing plant employing several thousand
workers was situated on one corner of the intersection, so there was a
large amount of pedestrian traffic at certain hours.
As part of the general plan for modernizing main highways in the
metropolitan area of Chicago, a large bridge has now been built at
this intersection to carry Ogden Avenue over both Cicero Avenue and
the railroad tracks. The bridge provides two 22-foot roadways
separated by an 18-inch dividing strip, and sidewalks for pedestrians.
Before the bridge was built it took from 15 to 30 minutes to pass
through the intersection during rush hours. Now there is no delay
and traffic officers are no longer needed.
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HIGHWAY MODERNIZATION
This important road, U S 50, approaching Kansas City, was made into a dual
highway during the last year by Public Roads Administration assistance.
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FREE FLOWING TRAFFIC
Cross streets are carried over and connecting ramps give access to the Arroyo-Seco
Parkway connecting Los Angeles and Pasadena, built with PRA, PWA, and
WPA aid.
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Total cost of the improvement was $808,000, of which $786,000 was
paid with Federal aid.
Almost every city, even some of the smaller ones, has serious congestion
on its main routes that can be eliminated only by large undertakings
at considerable cost. For example, take U S 80 through
Jackson, Miss. The old route meandered through the congested
business section on narrow streets, intersected other important routes
in the heart of the city, and crossed and recrossed railroad tracks.
Even the approaches to the city were unsatisfactory.
Five different possible relocations through the business section were
studied and none was found satisfactory. Narrow streets, six railroad
lines, and local traffic made the problem difficult. Finally a decision
was made to relocate the entire route beginning at a point 9 miles
west of Jackson, passing through the southern portion of the city, and
joining the old route 5 miles east of the city.
A four-lane divided highway is being built. Four railroad grade
separation structures, a cloverleaf highway intersection, and a bridge
over Pearl River are required. The entire project is now nearing
completion with the exception of one railroad underpass where there
has been difficulty in obtaining right-of-way.
The total cost is to be $1,822,000, of which $1,098,000 will be paid
with Federal funds supervised by several agencies. Public Roads
Administration funds will supply $757,000 and $338,000 has been
provided by the Public Works Administration.
About 16,700 vehicles will be served by the new facility daily, 13,400
entering or leaving Jackson and 3,300 passing through. This bypass
is the most important single highway project ever undertaken, in
Mississippi.
The Arroyo Seco Parkway between Los Angeles and Pasadena,
Calif., now in the final stages of construction is one of the outstanding
highway projects of the United States. It is an example of the largescale
and costly undertakings necessary to solve major traffic problems
in large areas of dense population. Continued growth of Los Angeles,
South Pasadena, and Pasadena has erased all evidence of city boundaries.
All street and road connections are lined with business houses
and residences. Streets that were once entirely adequate are overloaded
with traffic; control signals make travel a series of stop-andgo
movements with all the inconvenience and hazard that accompanies
movement through conflicting streams of traffic.
The Federal Government, the State, and the three cities have cooperated
in planning and building a 6-mile freeway along the Arroyo
Seco through city park lands. Six traffic lanes with a central strip
to separate opposing traffic are being built. All important intersecting
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streets are carried over the parkway, thus eliminating old hazards.
In South Pasadena the parkway is depressed below the natural
ground level so as not to require any change in grades of intersectingstreets.
At selected locations ramps and curved approaches will give
access to the parkway.
On completion some 20,000 vehicles will use the parkway each day,
but there is capacity for many additional thousands. Federal assistance
consisted of funds from the Work Projects Administration, the
Public Works Administration, and the Public Roads Administration.
The Public Roads Administration is supplying over one-half million
dollars.
Bridges Built to Replace Old and Weak Structures
Replacement of old bridges that are weak and dangerous is one of
the most important uses made of Federal-aid funds. The heavy
traffic on U S 43 between Florence and Sheffield, Ala., has been forced
to use a combination railroad-highway bridge, over the Tennessee River,
built in 1902. The roadway on the bridge was only 13 feet wide.
Automobiles could pass each other only at slow speed, and when a
bus or wide-bodied truck crossed the bridge, all traffic in the othei
direction had to be stopped. Vehicles sometimes lined up for half a
mile waiting to cross.
In the fall of 1939 a fine modern steel structure with four traffic
lanes divided by a fenced-in pedestrian walkway was completed at a
total cost of $1,300,000. Approximately half the cost was met with
Federal aid.
The center span over the river channel is 40 feet above high water
to provide clearance for river traffic. This eliminated the need for a
draw span which would have caused frequent interruptions to traffic.
At Northampton, Mass., a magnificent four-lane bridge has replaced
a narrow, dangerous bridge, a relic of the horse-and-buggx
days, built across the Connecticut River in 1877. Frequently long
columns of vehicles waited to cross the old bridge which was inadequate
both in strength and clearances.
Motorists are impressed by the ample width and beautiful lines of
the new structure, called the Calvin Coolidge Bridge, but what is
probably the most interesting part is hidden beneath the surface of
the water. Much trouble had been caused by washing of the river
bed around the foundations of the old bridge. The new bridge rests
on long piles driven deep in the river bed. Erosion is prevented by
long steel plates forming a wall around the piles and many tons of
rock dumped around the piers.
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The bridge is on the Federal-aid system. It cost $1,354,000, half
of which was paid by the Federal Government.
The Mississippi River, mighty Father of Waters, has always been
an obstacle to highway travel. Until recent years there have been
few bridges across it because of the great cost. Ferries were used
at many points, but a ferry oh a main highway is a weak link, causing
delay and congestion. Until now U S 190, one of the strategic routes
selected by the War Department, has crossed the Mississippi near
Baton Rouge, La., by ferry.
Bridging the lower Mississippi is costly because of the width of
the river, the approaches through swamps, and the great depth to
which pier foundations must be carried. The Baton Rouge Bridge,
opened to traffic in August 1940, is one of the largest single structures
ever built in the Federal-aid program costing 10 million dollars including
2)£ million dollars in Federal funds.
It is significant that one of the first uses made of the bridge was
movement of army units to large-scale war games.
The bridge has two 20-foot roadways for vehicles and a single railroad
track to be used by the Louisiana & Arkansas Railroad on a rental
basis. It is high enough to clear river traffic. In building the 6 miles
of approaches, two railroad-highway grade separations and one highway-
highway separation were constructed.
Closely related to this bridge is the Airline Highway being built
from Baton Rouge to New Orleans. It is a direct route, four lanes
wide, with a central dividing strip, through swamps heretofore considered
impenetrable by highway. It replaces a narrow, crooked
road and reduces distance from 114 to 83 miles. About 82,000 vehiclemiles
of travel daily will be saved by the new road. Federal aid has
been used on this work.
Farm-to-Market Roads an Important Part of Program
Until only a few years ago, State highway departments and the
Federal Government concentrated all their efforts on the building of a
connected system of main highways. This was a sound policy.
Everybody uses the main highways. It was logical to build the main
lines first and then add on the branch lines.
Work on the main highways is by no means finished but most of them
have a surface of some kind and it has been possible to consider the
strong demands for building secondary roads.
No matter where they live, people want pretty much the same
things, and a good road makes it easier to get to nearly all of them.
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City people want to get out in the country. Country people want to
get to town. There are supplies to haul, produce to take to market.
Children must get to school every day. Mail must be delivered.
There is shopping to do, friends to visit, church on Sunday. Perhaps
the doctor must be called in, quick, when he is needed. Americans
want good roads to use and are willing to pay the cost of a well-planned
road system.
In the building of secondary roads, the Public Roads Administration
is following the plan that has been so successful in creating the
Federal-aid system. Short sections of improved road, placed here
and there, help some people but do not benefit the greatest number of
people. Federal aid for secondary roads may be used only on sections
of road that will form part of a connected system now being designated
in cooperation with State highway departments.
As in other Federal-aid highway work, the State highway departments
initiate projects, prepare plans, and supervise construction,
all subject to Federal approval.
No two roads are exactly alike, and of all types, secondary or farmto-
market roads differ most, one from another. In mountainous or
swampy country, engineering problems can become rather complex.
Relocations must be made to straighten the road and make easier
grades. Old bridges must be replaced by structures designed to carry
loaded trucks. Construction is usually simple; 16 to 20 feet of surface,
on a roadway 25 to 35 feet wide. A layer of gravel, selected
soils or crushed stone, several inches thick, is used to form the main
body of the road surface. It is finished off with a bituminous top that
is smooth and dustless. This is the simplest form of construction and
there are many ways in which these and other materials may be combined
to make a road. Costs must be reasonable, but materials of
excellent quality, timber for posts, sand for concrete and native stone
for roadbed or bridge construction, gravel for surfacing, can often be
had locally at low cost. Workmanship is not much of a problem.
Nowadays, contractors know their trade and how to handle machines;
and the local men they hire to do the work will be using the
road themselves, after their job is done.
Recently, a road in Shelby County, Ohio, and another road into the
Pocono Mountains in Monroe County, Pa., needed rebuilding; two
communities, two problems, two roads built under quite different
conditions but alike in that they make life better for many people.
Shelby County is flat in some parts, slightly rolling in others. Its
area is a little over 400 square miles. Over 90 percent of the land is
in cultivation. The average farm runs a little more than a hundred
acres, worth, with its buildings, about $5,700. All but two percent
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of the people are native-born Americans. The population is 29,942.
The farms in Shelby County produce a lot of wheat and corn, hogs,
cattle, milk, chickens and eggs. Year after year, the roads carry
plenty of produce to market, as well as people in various pursuits.
The new part of the road is 5.6 miles long, a 20-foot bituminous
macadam pavement on a 36-foot roadway. It has not a single bend
in it. The road is called the Kettlersville Pike. Never heard of it?
The Kettlersville Pike is the one that starts at the Dixie Highway,
about half way between Sidney and Wapakoneta, and runs for 10 miles
due west to New Bremen, over in Auglaize County. A lot of people
live along that pike and they have plenty of produce to haul, too.
Bad weather delayed construction last summer but the work is
moving right along. The contractor said he expected to have the
road open for use before this year’s corn is husked.
The Pennsylvania project is a road winding north from Broadheadsville
to McMichaels in Monroe County. It crosses McMichaels
Creek only twice. The bridges are as wide as the roadway. The
abutments are built of good native stone. The road is 16 feet wide,
2 inches of bituminous macadam pavement on 5 inches of crushed
native stone. Part of the roadway was blasted out of solid rock, to do
away with two narrow bridges and several dangerous curves. There
are a lot of good mountain farms along that road. Halfway to
McMichaels, the country gets rougher and more wooded, then opens
out again. At McMichaels, there is. a cross road running east and
west. To the north, the new road connects with the old dirt road
through the mountains to Long Pond.
Monroe County has a population of 29,792, an increase of 1,506
since 1930. The area is about 620 square miles but only a third is
under cultivation. The farms average a little smaller than in Shelby
County, and are worth from $4,000 to $4,500, with the buildings.
The main products are oats, buckwheat, chickens and eggs, milk and
butter, potatoes, fruit, and garden truck. There is timber to haul,
too, and native stone for building.
The summers are cool in the Poconos. The country is hilly,
mountainous in part, wooded, with upland ponds full of bass, and
brawling little trout streams splashing down through the valleys.
The air is crisp and clear with a forest smell. It is quiet and peaceful
up there. The clatter of city traffic seems very far away. It’s a
good place for city people who want to fish and hunt or to learn how
to play again, or rest. The Poconos are famous as a vacation land.
Small hotels have been built, cottages, boarding houses, fishing camps.
Farmers are selling produce to summer visitors who like the good
milk, the sweet country butter and the vegetables, fresh and crisp,
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from the truck gardens. This road brings the markets right up to
the farms.
But the old dirt road was bad. In summer you moved in a cloud
of dust. Spring and fall, the mud was deep and sticky. In winter,
when the summer visitors had left and the farmers had little hauling to
do, traveling was fairly easy, with the mud, ruts and all, frozen hard
as rock. The old road crossed McMichaels Creek no less than five
times, on narrow bridges. It was winding, and full of sharp curves.
You could not exactly say that the old road was built; it just happened.
Last year, plans for a new road were drawn, with no grades over
5 percent, fewer curves, better alinement and only two bridges, both
as wide as the roadway itself. Reconstruction began on August 30,
1939. From January 3d to April 3d work was suspended because of
the cold. The inspecting engineer reports: “The farm-to-market
road from Broadheadsville to McMichaels was completed in a satisfactory
manner on June 17, 1940.”
Between Bastrop and Lockhart, Tex., both county seats, an
all-weather gravel road has replaced a poorly graded narrow secondary
road impassable in wet weather. Travel distance has been shortened
7% miles and traffic is four times what it was before improvement.
One of the most beautiful bridges completed in 1939, the new
Waverley Bridge over the Grand River linking Ingham and Eaton
Counties in Michigan, is an outstanding secondary road improvement.
The old bridge, built in 1891 to serve the horse-and-buggy traffic of
that time, had rendered much service throughout the infancy and
adolescence of highway transport. However, like the horse and buggy,
the stagecoach, and the solid rubber tire, it lost its place in the transportation
picture and had to be replaced.
The bridge is on an important secondary road which is also a bypass
road to the west of Lansing, thus serving local farm-to-market traffic
and forming an important connection to the State and Federal-aid
highway systems. It has a 30-foot roadway for vehicles, and two
3-foot sidewalks for pedestrians.
The bridge was designed by the county highway engineer of Ingham
County and constructed by contract under his supervision, periodic
inspections being made by State and Federal engineers. The Federal
Government paid half of the $76,400 total cost.
Dangerous Railroad Grade Crossings Eliminated
Much of the danger has been removed from the old-time sport of
racing a train to the crossing because many of the country’s most
dangerous grade crossings have been eliminated by grade separation
108
structures. All of the elements of the game are still there, except
that in case of a tie the automobile merely passes over or under the
train and proceeds safely on its way, instead of being strewn in small
pieces for several hundred feet along the railroad tracks and the
occupants becoming statistics in the fatality column. Last year
Federal funds were used in the elimination of 414 of the country’s
most dangerous crossings. Over 3,300 crossings have been eliminated
since 1933. This important program has materially improved the
safety of our highways.
Practically all of our cities and towns have grown up around railroad
stations and yards, creating some of the worst crossing problems. At
High Point, N. C., the main line of the Southern Railway, carrying
more than 30 scheduled trains a day, very nearly bisects the city.
High Point is one of the leading furniture manufacturing cities of the
Nation and it is estimated that over 25,000 vehicles crossed the tracks
each day, 13,000 at the Main Street Crossing.
Removal of the crossing hazards presented a difficult problem with
which the city fathers had struggled for some years but had found no
answer. Changing street grades to cross over or under the tracks
would do great damage to property bordering the tracks. Money to
build the structures and pay the damage was lacking. The railroad,
with good reason, did not favor relocating the tracks around the city
because of lengthened line and unfavorable terrain. It was finally
decided to lower the tracks for a distance of 2 miles through the city
and carry the main streets over the tracks without material change in
elevation. Lowering the tracks 32 feet in the center of the city,
building retaining walls, a new railroad station and four street crossings
cost slightly over 1 million dollars. The city contributed $255,000,
the Work Projects Administration $312,000, and $450,000 was supplied
from grade crossing funds of the Public Roads Administration. The
railroad is now in an open subway and there are no grade crossing
accidents. Additional street crossings can be built at moderate
cost.
In Phoenix, Ariz., the main north-and-south artery through the
business section crossed the tracks of the Southern Pacific and Santa
Fe Railroads in the heart of the commercial area. More than 10,000
vehicles and 2,400 pedestrians crossed 10 tracks used for 60 to 70
train and switching movements daily. Frequent blocking of the
street created much delay and congestion.
All these troubles have been eliminated by a four-lane underpass
377 feet in length costing $263,400 of which $245,000 was paid with
Federal grade crossing elimination funds. Two walkways give protection
to pedestrians.
109
New Highways Give Access to Great Recreational Areas
In no other country of the world are most ordinary citizens able
to go on an annual vacation trip as do most average families in the
United States. Nowhere else do middle-class families have cars and
the use of a great system of surfaced roads. No other government
has set aside and maintained as many forest and park areas for the
enjoyment of its citizens. Last year more than 15 million persons
visited national parks and other areas administered by the National
Park Service. Many miles of road are being built through Federal
parks, forests, and historic battlefields. Some of these roads are
built solely for the enjoyment of vacationists while others also serve
as important links in main highways traversing Federal areas.
Acadia National Park on the rocky coast of Maine is being made
accessible to thousands of visitors from Eastern States. It is located
partly on picturesque Mount Desert Island and partly on the Schoodic
Peninsula. Mountains rise precipitously from the rocky ocean shore,
and bold headlands jut out to form fiordlike bays and harbors. Inland
lie placid lakes and foaming brooks teeming with trout and salmon.
Over all is cast the dark mantle of evergreen forests, livened with the
white gracefulness of birch trees.
A complete system of roads is planned to give access to all parts of
the park. Recent work has been on a road encircling the island
which is of unusual scenic beauty. In places it follows so close to the
shore that masonry walls are necessary to hold the road above the
surf. The road begins at the abandoned Otter Cliffs Radio Station
where there is a fine view along the coast and out to sea. It winds
along the water’s edge and through the evergreen forests from which
it takes its name, The Black Woods Road. This road has recently
been completed at a cost of $423,000.
One of the great scenic areas in the West and one of the first opened
to vehicle travel was Yosemite National Park. One of the entrances,
a carriage road built in 1874, has been continued in use up to last year.
Entering Yosemite Valley by the Big Oak Flat Road, making the
4.4-mile steep descent into the valley on the narrow surface with
sharp curves and switch-backs was like traveling in pioneer days.
Since traffic has become heavy it has been necessary to restrict travel
to one direction, the direction of movement being alternated each hour.
Thirteen miles of this route in the park have been replaced by an
entirely new road, 10 miles in length, built according to the best modern
standards. Applying modern standards in such rugged country
where the road must be built on steep slopes and along rocky cliffs
requires costly blasting of rock, retaining walls, hand-placed rock fills,
110
and driving tunnels. The 10 miles of road, including 3 major bridges,
3 tunnels, and 2 miles of exceptionally difficult construction, cost
approximately $2,000,000.
Each year thousands of tourists will benefit from the improvement.
The new road is a direct route into the park from San Francisco and
northern California points. In conjunction with the Tioga Road,
built in recent years, it is an entrance for traffic from points east of
the Sierra Nevadas.
Highways for National Defense
Shortly after the passage of the Federal Highway Act in 1921 the
Public Roads Administration (then the Bureau of Public Roads in
the Department of Agriculture) requested the War Department to
indicate the roads in all parts of the country which in its opinion
should be regarded as of maximum importance from the standpoint
of the national defense. The act just passed had provided for the
designation of the Federal-aid highway system and the advice of the
military authorities was sought in order that it might be considered
by the Federal bureau and cooperating State highway departments
in the choice of roads to constitute the system.
In response to this request the War Department in 1922 prepared
the so-called Pershing map on which it indicated a network of roads
traversing the country as constituting the routes of greatest military
interest. At the same time the Department expressed the view that
the necessities of the national defense would require no improvement of
the roads indicated or of any other roads materially different from that
which would be required for the adequate service of normal civil
traffic.
Practically all of the roads thus originally recommended by the
War Department and others subsequently designated have since
been included in the Federal-aid system and through the years have
been progressively improved as rapidly as possible to the extent
indicated as necessary and practicable for the accommodation of
peacetime traffic. As a result the country approached the present
emergency with most of its important strategic highways in a condition
of comparative adequacy.
This does not mean, however, that the rapidly developing defense
program presents no highway problems. On the contrary, there
are definite and in places serious deficiencies which must be remedied,
and application of the remedy is in some instances a matter of urgent
necessity. In this respect the strategically important routes are no
111
different from other roads included in the primary networks of the
States and the Nation, all of which have been improved under the
same policies.
Throughout the period of modern road building there has been a
constant raising of standards. In the earlier years the growth of
highway transportation that has occurred could not be foreseen.
Had it been foreseen it would still not have been possible at all times
to have obtained the funds necessary for the kind of improvements
now known to be required. Because of this virtual impossibility
of anticipating future needs and revenues, much of our road building
has been done under a deliberate policy of stage construction, building
first a good roadbed and placing a low type of surface, and leaving
for future accomplishment, as the needs of traffic should require
and the availability of funds permit, the provision of a more complete
and lasting improvement. On portions of the strategic network as
well as on other highways such secondary improvements remain to
be accomplished, and in some cases are now urgently needed.
On other routes, including many of strategic importance, hightype
improvements completed some years ago and deemed entirely
adequate at the time have since been rendered obsolete by subsequent
important changes in the demands of traffic changes that have been
no less marked in military than in civil demands.
As events in Europe have indicated the necessity for a reappraisal
of our own defensive position, the War Department within the past
year has reviewed its previous designations of highways of maximum
strategic importance and has issued a revised map, indicating the
location of approximately 75,000 miles of such routes, including some
not shown on the earlier maps. This entire mileage has been inventoried
by the Public Roads Administration with the aid of the State
highway departments, and a report of its present condition and
improvements necessary for the adequate accommodation of the
combined demands of military and civil traffic is being prepared for
submission to the President.
Many portions of the 75,000-mile system are already in a satisfactory
condition to meet all expected needs. A most conspicuous
shortcoming is the condition of some 2,400 bridges that are not strong
enough to carry loads equivalent to the so-called H-15 loading of
the American Association of State Highway Officials, which is standard
for normal commercial traffic. Special studies of military requirements
show that bridges designed for this loading will also quite
readily carry all classes of military equipment other than the heaviest
tanks without special control of the movement; and they will also
safely carry tanks up to 50 tons in weight, if these heaviest units
112
are spaced at least 50 feet apart and their speed reduced to 4 miles
per hour.
The existence on our most important highways at this time of
2,400 bridges inferior to this desirable standard demands immediate
action, but it is reassuring to know that we have almost ten times as
many bridges on the same roads that are entirely adequate for all
expected military and civil needs.
All road surfaces on the strategic system should be dustless and
capable of supporting 9,000-pound wheel loads under any weather
conditions. Such surfaces will be fully capable of carrying all military
loads including tanks. All surfaces should be at least 20 feet wide
and preferably 22 or 24 feet wide if a large volume of traffic is expected.
There is a substantial part of the network which in its present condition
does not measure up to these standards.
There are also many sections of road on the strategic system built
years ago that have sharp curves, steep grades and other features that
delay and endanger traffic movement. All such sections of road
should be modernized.
The kinds of improvements required for military purposes, with one
possible exception—a substantial widening of shoulders—are those
highway departments normally engage in making for better accommodation
of civil traffic; and one of the purposes of the Federal-
State cooperative highway planning surveys that have been conducted
in all States is a determination of the extent and cost of just such
modernizing improvements of the main highway network so that it
may be undertaken in a planned and orderly manner.
In addition to the improvements required on the strategic network,
the quickly evolving defense program will also require:
1. Improvement of roads essential as accesses to reservations and
mobilization points of the Army and Navy, to new and expanded
defense industries and to airports and rail terminals and depots.
2. Improvements of roads and streets within military and naval reservations
and the construction of the additional streets necessitated by
the greatly enlarged forces to be stationed at many of the reservations.
3. Improvement or possible new construction of a very limited
mileage of road required mainly for definite tactical purposes.
As the defense program has developed it has become evident
that the most pressing road needs, those requiring immediate action,
are in and near military reservations and industrial plants working
to arm the Nation. Improved local transportation is essential to
enable these places to function properly.
The greater urgency of these classes of improvements results from
the recent passage of the National Guard and Selective Service acts
113
ARMY TRUCKS HAVE TO PARK, TOO
The Public Roads Administration is assisting in providing wide shoulders along
strategic roads where Army trucks may stop for necessary rest and repair.
and the large appropriations for armament, equipment and materiel,
and the speed with which the defensive preparations they authorize
are being put into effect.
Already units of the National Guard are moving into designated
posts in various parts of the country. Other units will follow in
accordance with a schedule definitely established and these will be
followed in a few months by an army recruited through the machinery
of our first peacetime draft. As a result, Army posts which since the
World War have quartered only small skeleton organizations are being
suddenly expanded to house and serve for the essential training of
forces of from 40 to 60 thousand troops. The effect, from the standpoint
of highways, is that of the sudden growth of many small village
communities into cities of very substantial size and population.
On the industrial side of the defense preparation numerous new
plants are being established and these, especially where they are for
the manufacture of explosives, are located on large tracts of land the
requirements of road access to which will be materially beyond that
afforded by existing roads. In most cases, but especially in the case
of explosives plants, the needs of access to the plants are complicated
by the necessity of rerouting and reconstructing existing roads
and in some cases important main highways now passing through the
tracts to be occupied.
In addition to the entirely new plants required, the industrial
mobilization, as it is thrown into high gear, is necessitating the great
enlargement of established industries and plants of every sort in all
parts of the country, with consequent heavily increased demands for
highway service for the transportation of raw and finished products
and also for the daily movement of employees to and from work.
Immediate Action Required
Failure to supply promptly the new and improved highway facilities
required for efficient access to, and movement within, the military
and industrial mobilization areas will retard and partially defeat the
effectiveness of defense preparations in their most fundamental and
immediately important aspects. Hence measures to supply these
essential access improvements are of first importance among all highway
necessities.
Of similar character, but generally of a slightly lower priority in
order of urgency, is the needed improvement of access to rail terminals
and civil airports at many points throughout the country.
The small mileage of new and improved highways desired by military
authorities for definite tactical purposes presents no difficult problem.
115
The sudden demand for the immediate surveying, planning, and
construction of a large number of new highways and improvement of
existing highways can be met by the existing agencies of the Federal
Government and the State highway departments. These agencies
are fully prepared to supply all needed technical aid and administrative
direction. Many years of cooperation between the Public Roads
Administration and the States has developed a trained, smoothworking
organization covering the entire country. The Work Projects
Administration stands ready to provide labor essential for the
accelerated and coordinated program and these combined organizations
are ready to drop any part of their normal peacetime activity
that is not important for defense and take up work that is urgent.
All over the country highway engineers, hastily summoned, are at
work surveying and planning roads in and approaching camps,
industrial plants, and defense housing projects.
As yet no special Federal appropriation of funds for defense-highway
work has been made. Recent legislation, however, provides for a
preferential allotment of funds regularly authorized for Federal-aid
highways, secondary roads and grade-crossing eliminations to work
designated by appropriate defense agencies as important to the
national defense; and the Work Projects Administration is authorized
to increase on such projects the Federal contribution available for
meeting other than labor costs applicable normally on other projects.
To the fullest possible extent these special authorizations will be
employed to expedite the completion of the urgently needed road
improvements; but it is probable that any funds that may thus be
diverted from normal uses will be far from sufficient for the work that
will need to be done.
A comprehensive report on highways for defense purposes with full
discussion of the character of the highways, the rate at which they
should be improved, and what they will cost is now in course of
preparation. Only the necessity of awaiting a full development of
plans for the defense activities to be served has prevented earlier
completion of the report. The State highway departments have
given invaluable aid in the large amount of field work necessary in
collecting data for the report. They stand ready to join with the
Federal Works Agency in carrying out promptly any program for
which funds may be provided.
The Pan-American Highway
A highway connecting all of the countries of the two American
continents has been talked of for many years. Many economic and
116
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SCALE OF MAP
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Calif., 1940.
175
tion in maintenance costs will be achieved through fostering a spirit of cooperation
and pride among the residents in caring for their new homes.
The New York City Housing Authority has this to say about one
of its projects:14
The 448 families who in South Jamaica Houses enjoy modern conveniences,
comfort and safety, came from homes that lacked the minimum decencies of
sanitation, homes that were unsafe firetraps, dangerous to safety, health and
morals.
In South Jamaica Houses, every apartment has a modern bathroom, completely
equipped kitchen with electric refrigerator and gas stove, and every room
has at least one outside window. In addition, there are laundry tubs, coinmeter
washing machines, and clothes drying rooms in the basement, baby carriage
storage spaces, spacious inner courts which include playgrounds for little
children, and indoor recreational rooms for the adults.
Yet the average family at South Jamaica pays $5 a month less rent than it
paid for the substandard quarters from which it moved!
Forty-one percent of the families were chosen because they came from homes in
buildings with major fire hazards, 35 percent because they had no private toilets,
and 3 percent because their apartments contained illegal interior rooms with no
windows.
This does, not mean that the 41 percent from buildings with major fire hazards
had private toilets, or that those who were selected because they had no private
toilets had no interior rooms or lived in buildings which were adequately protected
against fire. On the contrary, many of the tenants had combinations of
these defects. For the purposes of tabulation, the major factor influencing
selection was used in arriving at the above percentages. Actually, 55 percent
had no private toilets, 66 percent had no private bathrooms, 43 percent had no
central heat and 30 percent had no hot water supplied in their homes. * * *
Settling Down to a New Way of Life
Even more interesting than the figures revealed in a statistical survey of the
tenants of South Jamaica Houses is the attitude of the tenants themselves, now
that they have settled down to a new way of life in a public-housing project.
They are organizing community activities and developing community leadership
more rapidly than any of the other projects did and, unlike some of the other
projects, it is the men, rather than the women, who have taken the initiative in
this activity.
A South Jamaica Project Association has been formed by the men with the
following avowed purpose: “To promote and maintain civic, social, and athletic
activities in order that we may make life more livable and interesting in our new
community, for the physical, mental and cultural advancement of ourselves and
our loved ones.”
Officers have been elected, a constitution adopted, and an ambitious program
undertaken. A committee on social events has been appointed, and arrangements
are being made for forum meetings and for a series of health lectures. An
eight-piece band and a basketball team have been formed, Boy and Girl Scout
troops are being organized, and tenant instructors in baseball, boxing, and other
athletics ha^e been appointed.
14 South Jamaica Houses, A Chapter in Public Housing, New York City Housing Authority, New York,
1940.
176
Not far behind are the mothers, who have already developed a unique arrangement
for taking care of each other’s children on certain “shopping” days. They,
too, are forming a club of their own and have plans for a “home-making center.”
The children? Their lively faces already show the beneficial effects of happiness
found in romping in the broad playgrounds of the project, away from the
dangers of traffic-laden streets and congested neighborhoods. South Jamaica
playgrounds are located within the project, where they can be observed from the
apartment windows by the mothers, and they are equipped with jungle gyms,
swings, slides, and play tables.
Slum Sites or Vacant Land?
It is axiomatic that no local housing program can be successful
unless it relates to a logical city plan. That is why the closest cooperation
has existed between local housing authorities and local city
planning commissions wherever the latter are in existence. The
assistance of local welfare and recreation agencies has also been
enlisted.
Here is how one local authority describes the way it went about the
matter of site selection:15
After consultation with representatives of the United States Housing Authority,
Mr. S. R. DeBoer and Associates were employed to make careful studies of 10
available sites and submit recommendations to the Authority. The studies included
the relations of the prospective sites to existing schools, utilities, shopping
centers, transportation lines, and centers of employment. They considered the
effects on surrounding neighborhoods where juvenile delinquency, infant mortality,
fire hazards, overcrowding, and lack of sanitation are the highest in the city and
call for outlays of public funds out of all proportion to the tax revenues derived
from these areas. They considered the possibilities of rehabilitating some of the
older and blighted areas of the city with a modernization program in the areas
immediately surrounding the projects and the probable effects on real-estate values
in the downtown commercial districts of the city. The prospective sites were
considered in their relation to the city plan.
In arriving at a decision in the selection of sites, all of these factors were considered,
and the economies to be gained by the use of tax title land owned by the
city, or cheap vacant land in outlying districts were weighed against the many
municipal benefits to be gained by the rebuilding of some of the older sections.
The decision was made in favor of the latter, and with the approval of consultants
from the United States Housing Authority, three sites were selected. * * *
These three sites seemed to best meet all of the requirements of housing and
city planning; all are located in blighted areas which have ceased to develop for
residential purposes; all contain a considerable proportion of substandard dwellings;
existing schools and utilities were ample to serve the new projects. The
three sites surround the main business district, each about 1 mile distant, and
within walking distance of employment and shopping centers * * *. They
are in areas of high infant mortality and juvenile delinquency. Preliminary
appraisals indicated that the sites should be purchased at fairly reasonable prices.
15 Annual Report of the Housing Authority of the City and County of Denver for the Year 1939, Denver,
Colo., 1940.
177
YESTERDAY AND TODAY Slum neighborhoods like this one in Miami, Fla. (left), are being wiped out in connection with the
development of Miami’s attractive new USHA-aided project, Liberty Square Addition (right).
178
Clearing the Slums
The United States Housing Act requires that for each new dwelling
constructed under the program, one substandard home must be demolished,
closed, or repaired. In the observance of this “equivalent
elimination” provision, local authorities are given a weapon to fight
the age-old battle of the city slums and the town shacks without being
restricted to slum sites for the new projects.16
For a little more than half of the projects, local authorities have
selected predominantly slum sites, which means that in those localities,
death warrants have been signed for thousands of dangerous,
insanitary, overcrowded dwellings with the consequent reduction, if
not elimination, of the annual toll these slums have taken in juvenile
delinquency, crime, preventable sickness and death, and excessive
public expenditures for fire, health, and police services.
But even if a local authority selects a vacant site for its projects,
the equivalent elimination provision is operative. Somewhere in that
locality a home unfit for human habitation will be demolished, closed,
or repaired, and thus will no longer beckon some helpless low-income
family.
Real civic improvement results from low-rent projects, whether
they are built on slum or vacant sites. One of the most dramatic
achievements under the local authorities’ operations, for instance, is
the topographical face-lifting job that is being carried out by the
Pittsburgh Housing Authority in connection with the development of
its local program. Three bleak and desolate hills in the center of the
city have been converted into building sites by slicing off over 4,000,000
cubic yards of earth—in some cases to the extent of more than 100
vertical feet—and filling in the intervening valleys.
In Buffalo a public housing project has been built on the site of an
abandoned penitentiary and the remains of the old Erie Canal. In
New Orleans, a notorious “red-light” district was converted into a
project of decent homes for low-income families. And in scores of
other communities from coast to coast, slums have given way to
comfortable modern new homes.
The Variety and Scope That Are America
Administering a Nation-wide decentralized public housing program
is no part-time job. Aside from maintaining a competent staff to see
that the statutory requirements are observed, the USHA has also
16 USHA table 12, pp. 379-381, indicates the progress made in meeting this equivalent elimination provision
in projects on which reports had been received by June 30,1940.
179
undertaken the important task of keeping local authorities informed
as to developments in techniques and standards, and of assisting
the growing body of local authorities in starting their local programs.
17 This has meant that the USHA has been called upon to
render assistance to local authorities on survey techniques, design of
projects, construction procedures, suggested legislation, briefs in litigation,
land-acquisition policies, negotiations for utility and insurance
rates, tenant selection activities, and operation activities, to name
but a few of many types of USHA aids available to local authorities.
Though assistance has been provided at various stages of project
development by the local authorities, the projects completed or under
construction are far from rubber-stamp developments. Under a
decentralized program it is obvious that no two projects could be
exactly alike in all details. There are flat- and pitched-roofed dwellings,
homes built of brick and tile and concrete, simple row houses
based upon local building patterns, huge six-story elevator apartment
buildings in the larger cities, and detached frame dwellings in rural
areas.
Helping Those Who Help Themselves
In addition, the USHA has been able to make signal contributions
to the public housing field in the form of tested technical studies. The
local authorities have been quick to take advantage of these scientific
developments, and their utilization in the program has saved the local
authorities considerably more than the expense of preparing and
testing these technical suggestions.
For example, in an effort to promote greater variety and interest in
building arrangement and site plan patterns, USHA technicians during
the past year developed the quatrefoil plan, an economical
adaptation of the cross-type plan. This consists of four 2-story
dwelling units arranged around a central axis, each dwelling unit
having three exposures and two party walls. From the point of view
of variety and interest in exterior appearance, the quatrefoil plan is
definitely superior to the row plan. At the same time, it retains the
interior virtues of good light and cross ventilation.
Even the sun’s rays are being harnessed to provide hot water for
families rehoused under the USHA program. In the “solar” heating
system recommended by USHA technicians as particularly effective in
southern localities, a shallow glass-covered box is installed on the roof
of each dwelling. The sun’s rays, beating down upon a series of copper
pipes inside the box, heat the water inside to a temperature of 180° F.
i’ See appendix E, pp. 409-411, for a list of available USHA publications, including bulletins on policy
and procedure.
180
within a few hours. The hot water is then drawn off and stored in
well-insulated tanks also on the roofs.
Through the cooperation of refrigerator and range manufacturers.
USHA-suggested specifications have been developed for ranges and
refrigerators in public housing projects. These recommendations are
based on quality and omit refinements that are included chiefly for the
purpose of increasing “sales appeal.” For example, the electric
refrigerators specified have no interior light and no door on the ice-tray
compartment. They are finished without exterior decoration. Gas
ranges are specified without pilot-light burner ignition, and with only
one burner for broiler and oven instead of the usual two.
Windows are another item on which USHA recommendations have
been made. A great variety of window sizes and types offered by
manufacturers over the country has complicated the selection of the
most suitable windows for low-rent dwellings. A survey of one group
of USHA-aided projects revealed that in 21 of them 53 different types
of steel casements were used, while in 18 projects 75 different types and
sizes of wood double-hung windows were used. Recognizing that
economies would be possible through the standardization of windows,
and that certain relationships between room sizes and window areas
are desirable from a health standpoint, the USHA invited manufacturers
to assist in establishing a limited number of sizes and types
suitable for low-rent housing. Through cooperative effort, five
sizes of steel casement windows and seven sizes of wood double-hung
windows, with standard design details for economical construction,
have been agreed upon and are now being recommended to local
housing authorities for use in their projects.
Electric meters have been another topic of USHA study. The
meters that have been available on the market were designed by utility
companies for the purpose of obtaining accurate records of consumption
under varying types of loads. As the result of cooperation between
the USHA and a leading manufacturer, an electric meter has
been developed which is less complicated in design, less expensive, and
particularly suited to low-rent housing needs. This type of meter is
now being recommended as standard for USHA-aided projects with
individual tenant metering plans.
In addition to cooperation with the National Bureau of Standards
and other Federal agencies in the establishment of standards directly
benefiting consumers, the USHA is participating in the work of various
private organizations concerned with standards. These include the
American Standards Association, the American Society for Testing
Materials, the American Public Health Association, the National
Association of Housing Officials, and many trade associations.
181
Cost comparisons
A. NET CONSTRUCTION COST
Definition Comparable with—
Cost of building the house,
including the cost of
plumbing, heating, and
electrical installation.
The cost of private
building, because,
as defined, the items
are the same as those
included in building-
permit averages
for private construction
published by
the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, U. S. Department
of Labor.
Net construction cost per dwelling unit
Under USHA program Private houses
The average net construction
cost per
dwelling unit on the
228 USHA-aided projects
under construction
or completed by
June 30, 1940, was
$2,762.
The average net construction
cost per
dwelling unit of private
homes in the same
localities as the USHAaided
projects covered
by the figure in the
preceding column^was
$3,687.
B. DWELLING FACILITIES COST
Dwelling facilities cost
Definition Comparable with—
Per dwelling
unit Per room
Cities
of
500,000
or less
Cities
over
500,000
Cities
of
500,000
or less
Cities
over
500,000
Cost of building the house,
including the cost of
plumbing, heating, and
electrical installation, plus
the cost of dwelling equipment,
plus the pro-rata
share of architects’ fees,
local administrative expenses,
carrying and contingent
charges.
The United States
Housing Act limitations,
which are:
$4,000 per unit and
$1,000 per room in
cities of 500,000 population
or less, and
$5,000 per unit and
$1,250 per room in
the larger cities.
Statutory limit____
Average dwelling facilities
cost on the
228 USHA-aided
projects under
construction or
completed by
June 30, 1940----
$4,000
3,286
$5,000
3,609
$1,000
786
$1,250
870
C. OVER-ALL COST OF NEW HOUSING
Definition Comparable with— Over-all cost of new housing per dwelling unit
Cost of building the house,
including the cost of
plumbing, heating, and
electrical installation, plus
the cost of dwelling equipment,
plus architects’
fees, local administrative
expenses and carrying and
contingent charges, plus
the cost of land for present
development and its pro
rata share of acquisition
expenses, and nondwelling
facilities.
The over-all cost of
new private housing.
The average over-all
cost of new housing
per dwelling unit on
the 228 USHA-aided
projects under construction
or completed
by June 30, 1940, was
$4,414.
The average property
valuation of new singlefamily
homes accepted
for premium-paying
mortgage insurance by
the Federal Housing
Administration in 1939
was $5,352.
182
The Record on Costs
The costs of construction under the USHA program have consistently
been driven downward by the local authorities. On the projects
under construction or completed, the dwelling facilities costs as shown
in the preceding table are 18 percent lower in smaller communities
and 28 percent lower in larger cities than the applicable maxima prescribed
by the United States Housing Act. The same table also
shows that the net construction costs are about 25 percent lower than
the corresponding costs of housing undertaken by private enterprise
in the same communities—this despite the fact that the local authorities’
projects are built to last several generations and are constructed
with labor paid prevailing wages.
This cost record is a signal tribute to the local authorities’ concern
with economy. What makes the record all the more significant is
that it has been achieved without sacrifice of any basic standards.
The local authorities have been able to effect these low costs through
cautious land-acquisition plans, through meticulous attention to detail,
and the avoidance of unnecessary frills and luxury items in projects,
through the letting of contracts on competitive bids, with large-scale
purchasing, and the intelligent timing of labor on the sites, through substantial
savings in the cost of insurance, and through considerable
savings in financing costs by virtue of the short-term financing
device described in the Annual Report of the United States Housing-
Authority for the fiscal year 1939.18
As a matter of fact, private capital has gone farther than shortterm
financing. It will be recalled that under the regular USHA
program the USHA may not lend more than 90 percent of a project’s
development cost. Not only has outside capital been attracted
by the local authorities’ obligations representing the remaining 10
percent, but in a number of cases, more than this 10 percent of obligations
has been purchased by non-Government sources. Well over
$75,000,000 will ultimately be raised by the local authorities through
the sale of these bonds to investors other than the USHA, or through
local donations toward development cost, in connection with the
projects for which USHA loan contracts or earmarkings had been
made by the end of the fiscal year. And what adds significance to
this record is the fact that the interest rates on these private loans
have been lower than the USHA would, by law, have been compelled
to charge had the loans been made by the USHA.
is USHA table 5, pp. 353-356, lists outstanding funds advanced by the USHA to local authorites, along
with outstanding short-term borrowings by local authorities from sources other than the USHA, as of June
30, 1940.
183
The Stimulating Effect of Public Housing
The participation of private enterprise in public housing is not
confined to lending money. Local authorities use private contractors;
private architects, and engineers are employed on local authority staffs
or on a fee basis; materials are privately manufactured; and land
is purchased from private owners.
In the development of the public housing program private enterprise
is not only utilized; it is actually stimulated. Techniques of planning,
construction, and management proved practical by public housing
have been adopted in private large-scale housing. Furthermore, there
is substantial evidence that the construction of public housing projects
has stimulated neighboring construction and the improvement of
private property.
Here is the way the Housing Authority of the City of Corpus Christi,
Tex., describes this aspect of its program in its annual report: 19
Already broken down is one portion of the talk against the program—that it
would tend to discourage the general neighborhood in which the projects were
built. About two blocks away from Kinney Place a modern community center
is building up, a new drug store, grocery, and filling station. Two small retail
stores have gone in on another side of the project, a general cleaning up of property
has been noticed in the neighborhood, and the strip of vacant land on the
Buford Street side and below Nineteenth Street is fast filling up with modern
five- and six-room homes. Approximately 20 new homes have been built in the
immediate neighborhood and plans are made for 39 new houses in this section of
development.
The Hartford, Conn., Housing Authority summarizes20 as an
integral part of its two years of operation its—
suggestions for other lines of activity aside from its own [two projects] that
would contribute to the improvement of housing conditions in Hartford. It does
not look solely to its own program for the eradication of slums and of blight and
for a solution of the problem of providing decent homes at rents which the largest
group of local wage earners can pay. Rather does it believe that public and
private housing agents must act together, each attacking the problems within
the range of its functions, until that time when it can be honestly stated that
housing has been improved to the point where a considerable percentage of it no
longer impairs the public welfare nor unnecessarily drains the public treasuries
through its demands made upon police, fire, health, and welfare services. * * *
The Authority’s contributions to efforts to arrest the decentralizing movement
of Hartford’s residential population and business to the suburbs has been of a
threefold nature. As already indicated, it has constructed its own projects in
downtown centers in an effort to encourage the rehabilitation and the redevelopment
of such areas on a large scale by private interests. It has attempted to
i» Annual Report of the Housing Authority of the City of Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Tex., 1940.
20 First Annual Report, Housing Authority of the City of Hartford, 1938-40, Hartford, Conn., 1940.
184
show a market for “investment housing” in garden apartments of medium rentals.
Finally, through extensive analysis of the whole problem of decentralization on
the basis of all the facts and principles it could accumulate, it has sought to outline
a method of procedure for the guidance of local civic groups in meeting this
problem.
What is happening in Corpus Christi and in Hartford is happeningin
scores of localities throughout the country. Naturally the results
of this wholesome stimulation of new construction and repairs are
gratifying to the localities involved. Aside from the not inconsiderable
benefits accruing from the improvement in physical appearance,
the municipalities gain in the increased valuation of these structures
and the consequent increased tax returns. Parenthetically, it may
be pointed out in this connection that local treasuries have frequently
been substantially increased because of the public housing program,
by virtue of the fact that local authorities, in acquiring tax-delinquent
land, pay these back taxes in order to get good title to the land
involved.
A report of the Chicago Housing Authority reaffirms the conviction
that local public-housing programs can do much along these lines:21
Among its many worries, big-city real estate has none more acute than that of
residential decentralization and its stimulating effect on the spread of blight. As
cities mushroomed in size during the hectic period of this country’s expansion,
life in them naturally became less and less physically attractive. Since 1900, it
is interesting to observe, the rate of population increase has been greater in the
suburban areas of 96 leading metropolitan communities than within the central
cities themselves. * * *
To the Chicago Housing Authority it seems clear that public housing communities
can and must play a prime role in all this [neighborhood rehabilitation].
Indeed, such communities are the very spearhead of any beginning movement in
neighborhood reclamation within any city, offering a solid foundation on which
to plan any real estate recovery program of this nature. When you stop to think
of it, public housing communities—-supplying as they do a whole new heart to the
deeply decayed neighborhoods in which they are developed—are so far the only
really positive major accomplishments in this so-much-talked-about field.
Standards Are Established
As has been pointed out earlier in this report, a public housing
program is more than the aggregate of the buildings constructed.
Unless the families being rehoused are better off in their new homes,
the contribution of a public housing program is merely structural
and superficial.
No real progress results if, for example, a low-income family of six
persons moves from an unfit shack with four bedrooms to a new
21 The Chicago Housing Authority: Manager and Builder of Low-Rent Communities, Chicago, Ill., 1939.
185
home with only two bedrooms in a public housing project, or if a
soundly constructed exterior covers a poorly lighted interior, or if
behind new coats of paint are inadequately ventilated dwellings, or
if carefully laid-out walks lead to homes with closet-size rooms.
Similarly, attention cannot be restricted to room sizes and arrangement,
or to windows and ventilation, or to occupancy standards and
ceiling heights. The location of the project and the relation of that
site to the community, the density of the project, the spacing of and
access to buildings, the availability of central recreation and familyuse
areas, and the provision of streets and walks are but a few of the
many nondwelling factors with which a sound public housing program
must be concerned.
Recognizing its responsibility for seeing that decent standards are
observed in public housing, the USHA has established a group of
standards designed not only to insure at least minimum amenities for
the families served in public housing projects, but also, by settingpractical
examples, to exert some influence on basic standards adopted
by private builders. In this way the USHA can make and is making
a twofold contribution toward raising the American standard of living.
For instance, projects approved by the USHA for loans must be
located on sites selected with relation to official city or county plans
and related to inexpensive transportation facilities, to free and
adequate schools, to recreation areas, and to places of employment.
The neighborhood must be of a residential character and free from
smoke, noise, fumes, and odors from industrial plants. Project
streets must be laid out to insure privacy and safety. Indoor space
for community use is recommended, as well as areas for family use
and recreation, and wading and spray pools.
USHA minimum standards have been established not only for such
nondwelling features of a project as have been mentioned, but also for
the dwelling units themselves. These standards relate to sanitary
facilities, to the number of bedrooms, the arrangement and size of
rooms, occupancy standards, ventilation, window requirements, ceiling
heights, closet space, kitchen equipment, and the like.
85,000 Homes under Construction or Completed
As of June 30, 1940, 84,927 dwelling units were under construction
or had been completed in USHA-aided projects, in large towns and
small, all over the United States. Of this total, 13,566 new homes had
been opened for occupancy.
Large cities do not have exclusive rights to substandard housing.
A structurally unsafe dwelling is no more a hazard in a city of a
186
million population than it is in a thinly populated rural area. Diseasebreeding
germs do not read census reports on population. Overcrowded,
unsafe, dilapidated housing conditions flourish in any soil
nurtured by inattention and indifference.
Local authorities in smaller towns and rural areas are well aware of
their housing problems. The past year has witnessed the extension of
the public housing program to scores of small communities, climaxed
by progress in the development by the USHA, with the cooperation
of the Department of Agriculture, of the first low-rent rural projects
under the USHA program.22
Local Authorities Take Over PWA Housing
In carrying out the requirement of the United States Housing Act
that the PWA Housing Division projects be disposed of as soon as
practicable, the USHA has leased more and more of these developments
to local authorities. By the end of the fiscal year, 40 of the 49
projects were under lease.23 In most of the localities with Federal
projects still being operated by the USHA, no local authorities have
been set up to whom these projects could be leased. (Under the act,
only local authorities are eligible as lessees or purchasers of PWA
Housing Division developments.) The ability of local authorities to
take over and operate almost all of the PWA Housing Division projects
is further evidence of the flexibility and usefulness of the local
authorities. Their management of these Federal projects has been
characterized by economy, efficiency, and fairness.
An interesting commentary on the local authorities’ operation of
PWA Housing Division projects is the decision of several authorities
to construct their own low-rent projects with USHA aid on sites
immediately adjoining the leased Federal project and thus enjoy the
advantages of economy resulting from joint operation.
Good Homes a Part of Total Defense
The flexibility of the local authority mechanism has been further
and conclusively demonstrated during the past few months. In the
last month of the fiscal year Congress adopted an act which recognized
22 These projects are analyzed in USHA table 10, p. 377.
23 For an analysis of the average family size, rent, and income in projects built directly by the former PWA
Housing Division and transferred to the USHA for lease or sale upon the adoption of the decentralized
program, see USHA table 15, pp. 386-387. USHA tables 16A, 16B, and 16C, pp. 388-403, contain income and
expense statements on PWA Housing Division projects leased to local housing authorities as well as on those
operated by the USHA itself. Obligations and stocks of PWA limited-dividend corporations transferred
to the USHA in 1937 and held by it at the end of the 1940 fiscal year are listed in USHA table 14, p. 385.
See USHA table 17, p. 404, for occupancy data on PWA limited-dividend projects.
274771—41——13
187
the important role that the local authorities can play in defense
housing. Although no funds were appropriated for that purpose, the
legislative framework for local authority participation in the defense
program was thereby established.
Among the lessons which the last World War taught not the least
was the necessity of providing decent accommodations for the
workers engaged in war industries. Impairment of health resulting
from overcrowding, inefficiency in work due to deplorable living conditions,
increase in costs due to the high labor turn-over attributable
to inadequate shelter, maladjustments in living programs due to the
high proportion of income going to rents skyrocketed by housing
shortages—all combined to cause such serious bottlenecks in the war
plans as to occasion concern and the serious attention of responsible
officials.
There was then no Nation-wide machinery ready to meet the
situation. Today, thanks to the integrated housing machinery of the
Federal Government, defense housing can be speedily provided.
Among the available agencies we now have a functioning group of
local authorities thoroughly familiar with local conditions, competently
staffed to undertake the construction of an augmented local program,
unquestionably equipped to take over the operation of these defense
housing projects, and—what is most important—willing and prepared
to enlist themselves in the gigantic undertaking of sheltering the men
and their families engaged in defense industries.
Defense Housing Construction Speeded
Stressing the importance of the problem, the need for speed, and
the availability of these local authorities, the War and Navy Departments
enlisted the USHA’s aid. By recapturing funds wherever
feasible from inactive earmarkings, allocations for the construction of
25 projects estimated to cost about $31,369,000 were made to 17
local authorities and to the War and Navy Departments.24 So
quickly did the local authorities adjust themselves to this defense
housing activity, that in many cases the remarkable time record of
only 3 or 4 months from construction to occupancy has been achieved.
New Strength for the Foundations of Democracy
No one seriously claims that the present USHA program does more
than scratch the surface in meeting the Nation’s housing needs.
Local authorities know that the need exists, and judging from the fact
These defense housing projects are analyzed in USHA table 11, p. 378.
188
that more than a billion dollars of unfilled requests are in the files of
the USHA, these local authorities are prepared to shoulder the
responsibility of meeting that need.
It should be added that this billion dollars of unfilled requests does
not represent an amount which, if available, would solve the Nation’s
low-rent housing and slum-clearance problem. Since the USHA has
been low in funds for more than a year, many localities, aware of this
fact, have refrained from applying for funds in the face of almost
certain rejection.
Needless to say, the outlook for rehousing the low-income farm
family is no more promising than the entire housing outlook. The
1,300 families to be rehoused in the six rural projects already initiated
by local authorities would be lost in the crowd of the hundreds of
thousands of inadequately housed American farm families.
The local authorities, aware of and ready to meet the Nation’s
urban and rural housing needs, are no less familiar with and equipped
to meet our defense housing needs. They are waiting to be pressed
into service.
189
WORK OF THE WORK PROJECTS
ADMINISTRATION
★ ★
THE Work Projects Administration was created in the summer of
1935 for the purpose of providing jobs for unemployed workers on
useful public projects. With the development of the WPA program,
the Federal Government discontinued the Federal Emergency Relief
Administration program of grants-in-aid to States for general relief.
The policy underlying the establishment of the Work Projects Administration
was to give employable workers in need an opportunity to
support their families through useful public work, and to preserve the
skill, work habits, health, and morale of that part of the Nation’s
unemployed labor supply.
By the winter of 1935-36 more than 3 million workers had been
transferred from State and local relief to employment on WPA projects.
Since that time the WPA has operated a program of great flexibility:
it has provided temporary employment for individuals during periods
when they and their families were destitute, and as a whole it has
expanded or contracted rapidly as the volume of employment and
need for WPA jobs has changed.
In the 5 years from the summer of 1935 through the fiscal year
ending in June 1940, 7,800,000 different workers have at one time or
another had temporary employment on a WPA project. That is, in
addition to the 1,750,000 workers employed on the program in June
1940, more than 6 million other workers have been assisted through
WPA employment at some time in the past. These workers have been
economic heads of families and have represented nearly every occupation
and profession in the Nation’s economic life. Unskilled work,
skilled work, professional, clerical, and other white-collar work have
been provided during these years for men and women of all ages from
18 upward.
The total number of jobs provided on the program has varied from
month to month and from year to year, paralleling the course of un190
employment and need. Project operations and employment have
been curtailed in periods when private employment was expanding;
and, because of the plans and methods that have been followed in
operating the program, it has been possible to expand project employment
rapidly during periods of severe economic recession and increasing
unemployment.
The flexibility of the program has also enabled the WPA to take
an important part in meeting emergency needs arising from natural
disasters. The victims of drought conditions, storms, and hurricanes
have been aided through employment on WPA projects or through the
assistance of WPA workers in the stricken areas.
The WPA operates a Federal program in cooperation with State,
local, and other governmental agencies. Local public welfare agencies
determine the relative need of applicants and refer to the WPA lists
of workers who are eligible for assignment to projects. Local, State,
and, in some instances, Federal agencies plan and sponsor project work
and pay for part of the project costs. In general, the WPA pays the
wages of project workers, and a part of the costs of materials from
Federal funds; sponsors meet most of the costs of materials, equipment,
and other nonlabor items; frequently sponsors pay the wages
of highly skilled, technical, or supervisory personnel who cannot be
obtained from certified lists.
WPA projects have been operated for communities in every part
of the country. The kinds of public facilities and services resulting
from WPA operations in each locality have been determined by the
needs of that locality, as reflected in the projects planned and sponsored
by its public agencies.
A large share of the physical accomplishments of the program consists
of construction work: roads, streets, and airports have been built
and improved; sewer and water systems, parks, and public buildings
have been constructed and reconditioned; and a variety of other construction
work has been done to meet sanitation and health, conservation,
and flood control needs of the communities. Part of the work
on roads and buildings, and practically all of the work on airports,
have contributed materially to national defense. The nonconstruction
work of the WPA has produced clothing for families in need;
provided leadership in recreation and instruction in adult and nursery
school education; supplied significant public services in the fields of
music, writing, and other arts, and in the field of public health; assisted
in the improvement of public records; and developed information
of special value through many research projects and statistical
surveys.
191
Employment on WPA Projects
The Work Projects Administration provided jobs for an average of
2,054,000 persons during the year ending June 30, 1940. This was
about a third less than the average employment of 3,014,000 persons
in the preceding 12 months. During most of the fiscal year 1940,
WPA employment was lower than at any other time since the beginning
of the program in 1935, except for 1937 when improved
employment conditions in private industry had permitted a heavy
reduction in WPA employment.
The number of persons employed by the WPA in the months since
it was established in the summer of 1935 has fluctuated considerably.
These fluctuations reflect changes in the volume of need arising from
unemployment and from distress in agricultural areas; and they are
also necessarily governed by the amount of funds appropriated for
the program. In the first months of its operation the WPA program
developed rapidly until an average of 3,019,000 persons had project
jobs in February 1936. From that time until September 1937, a
period of expanding employment in private industry, the number of
WPA workers was reduced gradually, except in the drought areas,
where several hundred thousand drought victims were provided with
jobs in the last 6 months of 1936. In September 1937 only 1,456,000
workers were employed on projects. The sharp recession in business
activity that began in the fall of 1937 and the high level of unemployment
during the ensuing year, however, necessitated an expansion in
WPA employment that continued for more than 12 months. The
serious condition of the tenant farmers and farm laborers in the South
in the summer and fall of 1938 and the New England hurricane,
which occurred in September, accentuated the need for WPA jobs
and brought project employment totals to new high levels. In the
early months of 1939 private industry improved and unemployment
declined. During this period the number of persons at work on the
WPA program was reduced steadily, in line with the increase in
opportunities for private employment, to less than 2,600,000 in June,
the last month of the 1939 fiscal year.
The improvement in economic conditions continued throughout
the summer of 1939, and the rate of increase in industrial production
was accelerated after the outbreak of hostilities in Europe early in
September. By the end of the year, however, many industries had
accumulated large inventories. As a result, industrial production
was reduced sharply in January and February 1940, and nearly
1,200,000 nonagricultural workers lost their jobs during these 2
months. This sharp contraction was followed by an upward trend in
192
Average number of persons employed on WPA projects,1 United States and Territories
[Quarterly, September 1935-June 1940]
Month Number of
persons Month Number of
persons
1935
September_______ ____ .. ... _ ... 374,316
2, 667,190
2,960,315
2, 285,622
2,453, 602
2,247,461
2,129,475
1,878,008
1,455,977
1,596,676
1938
March.. . ________ .. ___________ 2,321,541
2, 743,025
3,213, 609
3,161,080
3,009,110
2, 578,041
1,720,996
2,123,431
2,310,541
1,755, 526
December... ______ __________ June_________________ _______________
September . . . . ...
1936
March _______ _____ _____
December____________________________
1939
March... . ______ _____ ... .. .
June. .. _____ _____________ _____
September .
December. _________________ ... .. June_______________ __________________
September . ____ ________ .
1937
March___________________________ _
December _ . ._ . _ .
191,0
March__ ____________ .. _____
June___ _ .. _. ________________
September___ _______ _ _ ___ __
December__________________ ________ June..___ _ -. _____ ____ __ .. ..
1 Includes employment on projects operated by other Federal agencies and financed by allocation of
WPA funds under the provisions of sec. 3 of the ERA Act of 1938 and sec. 11 of the ERA Act of 1939, beginning
in September 1938.
private employment that continued throughout the remaining months
of the 1940 fiscal year. Although by June 1940 nonagricultural
employment had not yet entirely offset the decline from the previous
October, the number employed in that month was nearly a million
greater than in June 1939.
WPA employment during the 1940 fiscal year followed the general
trend of business activity and private employment, except for the
normal seasonal increases in the number of project jobs provided
during the winter months when unemployed workers are most in need
of jobs and wages. The number of persons at work on the program
was reduced during the summer from the June 1939 average of
2,578,000 to an average of 1,721,000 in September. This unusually
steep decline resulted in part from the application of the 1939 ERA
Act provision which required that all certified workers, except veterans,
who had been continuously employed on WPA projects for 18 months
or longer must be separated from the program. The act required
that the termination of all workers whose 18 months of employment
had been completed by the beginning of the fiscal year be effected by
the end of August. Because of the large number of workers affected,
replacements could not be made as rapidly as terminations were
required, with the result that total WPA employment dropped
sharply.
Seasonal increases in applications for WPA jobs with the approach
of winter brought employment up to 2,123,000 in December 1939.
The decline in private employment in January and February, together
with seasonal factors, necessitated further additions, bringing the
total up to about 2,310,000 workers in February and March of 1940.
In the spring months the rise in farm employment and the gradual
193
increase in the number of jobs available in nonagricultural industries
permitted a reduction in WPA employment. However, because of
the limited amount of funds available, the reduction was made at a
more rapid rate than the increase in private employment and in June
the number of project workers averaged 1,756,000, the lowest June
average in WPA history.
Relation of WPA Employment to Unemployment
Only a part of the total number of workers who do not have private
jobs are employed by the WPA. Within the limits of available funds,
therefore, employment is provided for the unemployed workers who
need it most. The need for WPA employment is related basically
to the total volume of unemployment, but this relationship is modified
by a number of factors, which are discussed below.
The relative need of an individual unemployed worker is determined
primarily by the amount of his savings and the length of time he has
been out of work. Some workers have been able to accumulate more
than others and can provide for their families without outside help for
longer periods. Some families are supported by relatives for at least
a short time after the family head loses his job. Many unemployed
workers are eligible for unemployment-compensation payments.
Some are members of families in which another worker has employment.
Those with no resources whatever need some form of public
assistance as soon as they are thrown out of work. In general, the
proportion of the unemployed workers who are in need increases as
the average period of unemployment for the entire group lengthens.
An important factor affecting the relationship between the number
of workers seeking WPA employment and the total number unemployed
is the need which exists among rural and farm families. A
tenant farmer, for example, is technically excluded from a count of
unemployed workers, although Iris need for a job may be as acute as
that of an industrial wage worker.
Droughts, that cut off farm income, and other disasters and emergencies,
such as hurricanes or floods, that have no relation to employment
or previous need, have necessitated rapid expansion of WPA
employment at various times, further modifying its relationship to
total unemployment.
The proportion of the unemployed workers who have received WPA
employment has declined since 1936. On the basis of the unemployment
estimates of the National Industrial Conference Board, the ratio
declined from 33% percent in the calendar year 1936 to 28 percent in
1937, 27 percent in 1938, and 26% percent in the calendar year 1939.
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In the first half of the calendar year 1940 the ratio was 23% percent.
The decline in the ratio is accounted for in part by the operation of the
unemployment-compensation program and by other factors affecting
the proportion of the total number of unemployed workers in need.
In part, it is an indication of the changing proportion of the need for
employment that the WPA program has met.
Relation of WPA Employment to Other Programs
The WPA program is one of a number of programs wliich provide
jobs for the unemployed on public work or construction projects and
assistance for various groups of persons who are unable to work.
Employment is also provided through the youth programs of the
Civilian Conservation Corps and National Youth Administration; the
construction projects of the Public Works Administration, the Public
Roads Administration, and the other constituent administrations of
the Federal Works Agency; and the construction projects of other
agencies and departments of the Federal Government. The WPA
during the fiscal year 1940 provided considerably more than half of
the total number of jobs on all of these work programs.
Destitute persons who are unable to work receive aid through the
public assistance programs. Programs extending aid to dependent
children, the aged, and the blind are financed in part by the Federal
Social Security Board. Assistance for certain low-income farm families
is provided through the subsistence grants administered by the
Farm Security Administration of the Department of Agriculture.
State and local governments extend general relief to families and
single persons who are in need but for various reasons cannot be aided
through these Federal employment or assistance programs.
Since no Federal agency collects statistics on the unduplicated total
numbers of individuals or households aided by all the public relief
and work programs noted above, the WPA and the Social Security
Board have cooperated in preparing estimates of these totals. The
estimates indicate that about 5,700,000 different households containing
approximately 16,100,000 persons were benefiting from the various
programs in June 1940. These numbers reflected net reductions of
14 and 18 percent, respectively, from the June 1939 totals and represented
the lowest June figures since 1937. Throughout most of the
period of WPA operations, jobs on WPA projects have provided for a
larger portion of the total number of households than any other program.
The relationship among the various components of the unduplicated
totals does not remain constant, however, because of the
many different influences to which the several programs are subject.
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WPA Labor Turn-Over
Constant change within the group of persons who have project employment
has always characterized the WPA program. Thousands
of workers leave the program each month and thousands of other
workers are assigned to project work. Altogether at some time during
the 5 years in which the program has been in operation, more
than 6,000,000 persons had been employed on WPA projects in addition
to some 1,750,000 workers who held project jobs in June 1940,
the last month of that period.
Many of the workers leaving WPA employment do so of their own
volition in order to accept private employment or for other reasons.
Voluntary separations have usually numbered in the neighborhood
of 100,000 a month. Discharges and lay-offs also are made to some
extent in each month, and assume predominant importance in periods
when large reductions in WPA employment are required. Among
the monthly accessions to project employment are some persons who
have never before worked on the program as well as large numbers
of former WPA employees who had left for private jobs or had been
separated for other reasons but were again in need of employment.
The total volume of labor turn-over in the 12 months ending with
June 1940 was considerably greater in relation to the level of employment
than in preceding years. Separation rates in 1940 ranged
from 9 to 39 percent of employment at the beginning of the month,
as compared with a variation of from 6 to 12 percent in the 1939
fiscal year. Similarly, assignment rates ranged from 5 to 23 percent
during the year ending in June 1940, and from 3 to 11 percent in
the preceding year. The high rates of turn-over in 1940 reflect the
fluctuations in total WPA employment, and also the application of
the 1939 ERA Act provision which required the dismissal of all project
workers, except veterans, who had been continuously employed
for 18 months or longer.
Approximately a third of the workers employed on WPA projects
at the beginning of July 1939 had been continuously employed for
18 months or more. Application of the 18-month provision required
the termination of these workers before the end of August. Consequently
nearly 783,000 WPA employees were separated from project
jobs during July and August. These terminations account largely
for the high separation rates of 20 and 39 percent, respectively, in
those months. After September 1, the number of workers separated
in accordance with the 18-month provision declined considerably,
totaling only about 257,000 in the 4 months from September through
December and 206,000 from January through June 1940.
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Workers dismissed under the 18-month provision were made ineligible
for WPA employment for at least 30 days; at the end of that
period they might be recertified if still in need. That a considerable
number of the workers dismissed under this provision were subsequently
reassigned to WPA jobs is indicated both by the unusually
large numbers of reassignments in the 5 months beginning with
September, and by the results of a survey conducted in 23 large cities.
More than a sixth of the workers dismissed in these cities in July
and August 1939 were interviewed in September and November 1939
and in February 1940. The November interview indicated that only
about 13 percent of the dismissed workers had obtained employment
in private industry and that 27 percent had been reassigned to WPA
jobs. By February scarcely any more of the dismissed workers had
found private employment, but 54 percent of them had been reassigned
to WPA project work.
Distribution of Employment
Most WPA workers are employed on projects operated by the
WPA itself; but a small proportion, ranging between 2 and 5 percent
during the 1940 fiscal year, are employed on WPA projects operated
by other Federal agencies with funds allocated to them by
the WPA. About 86,000 of the 1,756,000 WPA workers in June
1940 were employed on projects operated by 28 other Federal agencies.
Projects for the improvement of Army posts, stations, and airfields
that were operated by the Quartermaster Corps of the War
Department provided jobs for 26,400 workers, and projects of the
Navy Department’s Bureau of Yards and Docks, that were undertaken
to improve naval and air base facilities and to develop a submarine
base, employed 10,500 persons. About 12,900 workers were
engaged in the conservation and improvement of forest and range
areas, and in the development of recreational areas through WPA
projects operated by the Forest Service of the Department of
Agriculture. Three other Federal agencies—the Soil Conservation
Service and the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine of the
Department of Agriculture, and the National Park Service of the Department
of the Interior—were operating projects that provided jobs
for more than 5,000 WPA workers. Workers employed on projects
operated by the remaining 22 agencies aggregated 12,000 in June
1940.
The 1,583,000 persons working on projects operated by the WPA at
the end of June 1940 were engaged in a wide variety of activities,
among which construction work predominated. More than 40
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percent of them were employed on highway, road, and street projects.
Predominance of this type of work has been typical of the entire
period of WPA operations. A large fraction of the 673,000 persons
employed on highway projects at the end of the 1940 fiscal year were
engaged in constructing or improving farm-to-market roads and other
secondary roads. At that time approximately 158,000 workers—
about a tenth of the total—were at work on projects for the construction
or improvement of sewer systems, water supply and purification
systems, and other public utilities. A slightly smaller number
(144,000 persons) were employed on projects for the construction or
renovation of public buildings among which were a large number of
schools and libraries as well as recreational, administrative, and other
kinds of public buildings. Projects for the development of parks and
other recreational facilities provided jobs for about 90,000 workers,
and nearly 40,000 persons had jobs on conservation projects directed
chiefly toward the reduction of soil erosion and water conservation.
The construction and improvement of airports and of airway facilities
and sanitation work, including drainage improvement and mosquito
control activities, were other major types of projects on which construction
workers were employed.
To provide jobs for women who are eligible for WPA employment
and for men whose training or experience has been in fields other than
construction work, a variety of nonconstruction projects have been
operated by the WPA. Professional and service projects at the end
of June 1940 were employing nearly 400,000 persons, or about a fourth
of all WPA workers. Welfare projects, on which most of the workers
were women, employed some 200,000 persons. More than half of
these employees were working in sewing rooms and the remainder
were serving as housekeeping aides, preparing and serving hot lunches
for school children, aiding in the distribution of surplus commodities,
and engaging in similar activities. Slightly more than 100,000 persons
were at work on community service projects, among which were
education, recreation, library, and art, writing, and music projects.
The remainder of the nonconstruction workers were engaged chiefly
on research and survey projects and in work on public records. The
various professional and service projects provided jobs for practically
all the women project workers of the WPA; these numbered 243,000
in June 1940, and constituted 15 percent of all WPA project employment
at that time.
Only minor changes in proportionate employment are found in the
major types of project activities. Road and street work has provided
a somewhat larger share of the total WPA jobs during the last 2 years
than it did earlier in the history of the program, and professional and
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service projects also have increased in relative importance. Projects
for the improvement of recreational facilities, conservation activities,
and sanitation work, on the other hand, have recently employed a
smaller percentage of the total workers than they did during the first
few years of WPA operations. These changes in the emphasis placed
on the various kinds of projects have been associated with changes in
the levels of total WPA employment, since workers can be assigned to
or taken from some types of projects more easily than from others
when the amount of employment must be expanded or contracted
rapidly. Other factors effecting changes in relative importance are
the shifts that occur in the distribution of occupational skills among
the persons needing project jobs and in the types of workers required
by private industry, and the changes in the State and local requirements
for public improvements and services. Seasonal influences
limit certain kinds of construction work when weather conditions are
generally bad.
A considerable share of the employment on projects operated by
the WPA has always been provided in the most thickly populated
areas of the country. At the end of June 1940 about 40 percent of
the WPA workers were working in these areas—counties in which
there is a city with a 1930 population of 100,000 or more. Nearly
16 percent were in counties having cities ranging between 25,000 and
100,000 in population, and 23 percent worked in counties in which the
largest town had between 5,000 and 25,000 inhabitants. The remaining
21 percent of the workers in June 1940 were employed in rural
counties that had no town with as many as 5,000 inhabitants according
to the 1930 census.
Workers employed on WPA projects are paid monthly wages in
accordance with an established schedule of rates. One of the factors
determining the monthly rates is the degree of skill required for the
job. On the basis of this criterion the workers assigned to project
employment are classified into unskilled, intermediate, skilled, and
professional and technical wage classes. The unskilled wage class
was divided into two groups by a new classification introduced during
the 1940 fiscal year. Employees who do simple work that requires
little education or training and that is neither hazardous nor arduous
are assigned in the group designated as “unskilled B”; seamstresses,
janitors, and messengers are included in the “B” group. The remainder
of the unskilled workers are designated as “unskilled A.”
Nearly two-thirds (63 percent) of the persons employed at the end
of June 1940 on projects operated by the WPA were doing unskilled
work. The ratio of workers assigned in the unskilled wage classes
was somewhat smaller in June than it had been a year earlier, but
199
during the intervening months fairly wide fluctuations occurred, the
percentage for unskilled workers reaching as high as 72 in two winter
months. Unskilled “A” workers represented 56 percent of the total
in June and persons in the “B” classification made up 7 percent.
Workers in the intermediate (semiskilled) class, such as carpenters’
helpers, truck drivers, and operators of light equipment, represented
17 percent of the June employment, and skilled workers, such as
bricklayers and cement finishers, represented 13 percent. The remainder
of the workers either were assigned in the professional and
technical wage class, which made up 3 percent of the workers, or were
project supervisory employees, who constituted 4 percent of the total
employment.
A majority of the jobs on projects operated by the WPA have
always been for unskilled workers, but in general the unskilled are
relatively most numerous during periods of expansion in employment
and least numerous when the program is being curtailed.
During the summer months of 1937, when the trend of WPA employment
was downward, unskilled workers made up about 63 percent of
the total as compared with over 70 percent in the spring of 1938,
when the number of WPA workers was increasing. Departures from
this general tendency, however, have resulted from the application of
certain legislative provisions. The provisions of the 1939 act which
prohibited more than 18 months of continuous WPA employment
and which lengthened the hours of work, particularly for skilled personnel,
both tended to make the number of skilled workers relatively
smaller and the number of unskilled workers relatively larger than
during other periods of declining employment.
Eligibility Requirements and Assignment Regulations
Need of employment has always been a fundamental condition of
eligibility for WPA jobs since the inception of the program. Other
requirements for eligibility are that the worker be at least 18 years of
age and a citizen of the United States. These basic requirements
have been specified by the various acts appropriating funds for the
WPA. Recent appropriation acts have provided, in addition, that a
needy worker shall not be considered eligible for employment if he is
a Communist or a member of a Nazi bund or if he advocates, or is a
member of an organization that advocates, the overthrow of the
United States Government.
For determining whether or not applicants meet the various eligibility
requirements, working procedures have been developed by the
WPA in cooperation with local public-welfare or relief agencies. In
200
nearly all areas the local agency reviews the needs and resources of
persons who apply for relief, and is responsible for determining eligibility
for WPA employment so far as those basic conditions are
concerned. Determination of employability—ability to perform work
on a project in a satisfactory manner—is made by the WPA. A
worker who has been found to be employable and who meets the other
eligibility requirements mentioned above receives a notice of certification
from the WPA and becomes available for assignment to a
project.
The number of persons certified as eligible for WPA employment is
larger than the number of WPA jobs available. In placing workers
on projects, preference within the group awaiting assignment and
qualified to perform a specific job is first given on the basis of relative
need. Where the relative need is found to be the same, preference is
given to veterans as required by statutory provisions and, since July
1, 1940, to the wives of unemployable veterans and veterans’ widows
who have not remarried. No discrimination is made on the basis of
age among the persons awaiting assignment if the worker is able to
perform project work satisfactorily. An individual will not be assigned
if another member of his family is already employed on a
WPA project. The family head, or the chief wage earner, is usually
the member assigned to WPA employment.
A relatively small number of persons who have not been certified
as in need may be assigned to project work. These exceptions from
the basic certification requirement are made in order to permit the
employment of key persons essential to the efficient operation of a
project—such as certain types of skilled labor, experts, technicians,
and supervisory personnel—who may not be available on the relief
rolls in sufficient numbers. Noncertified personnel represented about
3 percent of the total number of persons employed on WPA projects
during the year ending June 30, 1940, and at no time since the beginning
of the program have noncertified workers constituted more than
6 percent of the total number employed.
The need status of certified WPA workers was reviewed once every
6 months during the fiscal year 1940, in accordance with statutory
requirements. During the 6 months ending December 1939, 2.7
percent of the workers whose eligibility was reviewed were found to be
ineligible, and their employment was therefore terminated. During
the second half of the fiscal year, about the same proportion of the
certifications reviewed were canceled. In the ensuing year the review
will be made only once, in accordance with provisions of the ERA Act
for the fiscal year 1941.
In making assignments to project work the WPA endeavors to
201
place the individuals on the kind of jobs for which they are best
qualified. Proximity of the worker’s residence to the project site
is also considered, and workers are assigned to projects nearest their
homes so far as practicable.
The WPA program endeavors not only to distribute its employment
most effectively in terms of the need arising out of unemployment,
but also to facilitate the reemployment of its workers in private
industry. WPA workers must maintain active registration with the
public employment agencies. The regulations of the WPA require
that project workers must accept bona fide job offers from private
employers if wages and working conditions are reasonable. A
WPA employee who leaves a project job to accept private employment
is eligible for prompt reassignment to WPA work if the job proves to
be of short duration through no fault of the worker and if he is still
in need.
The intention of transferring WPA employees to private jobs was
implicit in the statutory provision that requires the separation of
all workers (except veterans) who have been continuously employed on
WPA projects for 18 months. Such workers are ineligible for WPA
employment for a period of 30 days; at the end of that time if they are
still in need they may be recertified as eligible for WPA employment.
This provision was modified in the ERA Act for the fiscal year 1941
to exempt wives of veterans who are unemployable and veterans’
widows who have not subsequently remarried.
Employment of WPA workers in private industry is likewise being
facilitated by the Nation-wide vocational training project sponsored
by the Advisory Commission to the Council of National Defense and
cosponsored by the United States Office of Education. On this project
WPA employees and other workers are being trained for jobs in
strategic industries.
Monthly Earnings of WPA Workers
WPA project workers have always received wages in accordance
with a schedule of monthly rates. The earnings specified by the
schedule vary for different workers according to the skill required
for the work, the region of the country in which the project work is
located, and the population of the largest city in the county in which
the project is operated. The schedule which has been followed since
September 1, 1939, was made in conformity with the ERA Act of
1939. The act required that monthly earnings should not vary “for
workers of the same type in different geographic areas to any greater
extent than may be justified by differences in the cost of living.” It
202
also provided that revisions of the schedule should not affect substantially
the previous national average labor cost per WPA worker.
Under this schedule the country is divided into three wage regions.
Wage Region I includes the northeastern and north-central part of
the country; Region II, the Western States; and Region III, the
southeastern and south-central sections of the country. The rates
paid in Regions I and II differ only in the areas with relatively small
populations; they are higher for workers in the less populated areas
of the West than in areas of the same degree of urbanization hi the
northeastern and north-central part of the country. Differences
existing in the West between the cost of living in small towns and the
cost of living in large cities are typically less than similar differences
in other sections of the country. Wage rates in both Regions I and II
are higher than those in Region III, where living costs are relatively
low.
Within each wage rate region, counties are distributed among four
urbanization groups to which differentials in wages apply. The four
groups consist of counties in which the largest city had 100,000 or
more inhabitants in 1930, between 25,000 and 100,000 inhabitants,
between 5,000 and 25,000 inhabitants, or less than 5,000 inhabitants.
In 19 large metropolitan districts, the wage schedule of the county
with the largest municipality applies to the entire metropolitan area
as defined in the 1930 census of population.
In differentiating according to the skill required for the work performed,
five wage classes were established—unskilled B, unskilled A,
intermediate, skilled, and professional and technical.
Monthly earnings established by the schedule range from $31.20
to $94.90. The lowest wages apply to employees doing work classified
as unskilled B in counties in Wage Region III in which the 1930
population of the largest town was less than 5,000. Highest rates
apply to workers holding professional or technical jobs in the counties
of Regions I or II that contain a city which had a population of
100,000 or more in 1930.
The full-time monthly wage for employees in the unskilled wage
classes varies from $31.20 in the rural counties of the southern wage
region to $57.20 in the metropolitan areas of the North and the West.
Intermediate (semiskilled) workers are paid between $42.90 and
$68.90, and skilled workers between $54.60 and $89.70 per month.
Professional and technical workers receive the highest rates paid
under the schedule, which range from $55.90 per month in the rural
counties of the South to $94.90 in northern and western cities.
New regulations in regard to the working hours of persons employed
on WPA projects became effective July 1, 1939, in accordance with
274771—41----14
203
FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY
Note: Designated Metropolitan Districts indicated in black.
204
Schedule of monthly earnings on WPA projects
[Effective September 1, 1939]
Counties in which the 1930 population of
the largest municipality was—
Wage Class
Unskilled
B
Unskilled
A
Intermediate
Skilled
Professional
and
technical
Wage Region I
100,000 and over 1 __________ . $52.00 $57.20 $68. 90 $89. 70 $94. 90
25,000 to 100,000 _______________________ 48.10 52.00 62.40 81.90 84.50
5,000 to 25,000 ___________________________ 42.90 48.10 57.20 74.10 76.70
Under 5,000_______________________________ 39.00 42.90 52.00 67.60 68.90
Wage Region II
100,000 and over 1 ____ _______________ $52.00 $57.20 $68. 90 $89. 70 $94. 90
25,000 to 100,000 __________________________ 48.10 52.00 62. 40 81.90 84.50
5,000 to 25,000 __________________________ 46.80 50.70 61.10 79.30 81.90
Under 5,000_______________________________ 44.20 49. 40 59.80 76.70 78.00
Wage Region III
100,000 and over1 ____ ___ ___ -- $46.80 $50. 70 $61.10 $79. 30 $81.90
25,000 to 100,000 __________________________ 42.90 48.10 57.20 74.10 75.40
5,000 to 25,000 ____________________________ 36.40 40.30 48.10 62. 40 65.00
Under 5,000_______________________________ 31.20 35.10 42.90 54.60 55.90
Wage Region I.—Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine,
Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey,
New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont, West Virginia,
Wisconsin.
Wage Region ZZ.—Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, Wyoming.
Wage Region III—Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North
■Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia.
1 The schedule of monthly earnings applicable to counties in which the 1930 population of the largest
municipality was 100,000 or more is applicable to the entire area included within the following metropolitan
districts, as such districts are defined by the 15th Census of the United States, 1930: Baltimore; Boston;
Buffalo-Niagara; Chicago; Cincinnati; Cleveland; Detroit; Kansas City, Kans.-Kansas City, Mo.; Los
Angeles; Milwaukee; Minneapolis-St. Paul; New York City-Northeastern New Jersey; Philadelphia;
Pittsburgh; Providence-Fall River-New Bedford; St. Louis; San Francisco-Oakland; Scranton-Wilkes-
Barre; Washington, D. C.
provisions of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1939. Under
these provisions all project workers, except supervisory employees,
are required to work 130 hours per month but not more than 8 hours
in any 1 day or 40 hours in any 1 week. Prior to the introduction of
the 130-hour regulation each employee worked as many hours as were
necessary to reach the monthly wage at which he was assigned, at the
prevailing hourly rate of pay for the type of work performed. This
procedure had caused considerable difficulty in scheduling project
operations, because it necessitated several work shifts of various
lengths on individual projects. The standard work month has made
possible a considerable simplification of project working plans and
has increased operating efficiency.
Exceptions to the requirements as to hours of work and monthly
earnings may be made by the Commissioner of Work Projects or his
authorized representative in order to protect work already done on a
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project, to permit making up lost time, or to meet an emergency
(such as flood or hurricane) that affects the public welfare. Certified
workers with no dependents may be required to work less than the
usual 130 hours and receive correspondingly smaller earnings. Hours
and earnings on projects certified by the Secretary of War or the
Secretary of the Navy as being important for military or naval purposes
may likewise be exempted from the provisions, at the discretion
of the Commissioner of Work Projects. Further exceptions up to a
maximum of 5 percent of all project workers in any State are permitted
for the purpose of securing supervisory personnel essential to project
operations, when such workers are not available in sufficient numbers
on the relief rolls.
Full-time monthly earnings during the year ending June 30, 1940,
increased slightly throughout the year and averaged about $57.50.
The increase was due in part to the new schedule and in part to variations
in the relative amounts of employment in the various classifications
which form the bases for differentials in the monthly earnings—
the several wage classes, the different sections of the country, and
the various community size groupings. Since workers may lose time
during a pay-roll period because of interruptions in project operations,
transfers between projects, and other factors outside of their control,
and because of time voluntarily lost through illness or other causes,
actual earnings of workers employed during the year averaged a little
less than full-time earnings, or about $54 a month. Project workers
are permitted to make up time lost involuntarily but are not always
able to do so completely.
The average hourly earnings of project workers reflect the statutory
change in the length of the work month. With a fixed number of
hours of work and an established monthly earnings schedule, hourly
wages are determined by the monthly rate at which the worker is
assigned. During the fiscal year 1940 the average hourly wage was
44 cents as compared with an average of 49 cents per hour during the
earlier years of WPA operations (July 1935 through June 1939).
The decrease of 5 cents an hour resulted chiefly from the general
increase in hours worked per month under the 130-hour rule, and
increases in the relative numbers of workers employed at the lower
wage rates in the rural areas and in the unskilled wage classes were
also partly responsible for the decrease in hourly earnings.
During the fiscal year 1940, employees worked a total of more than
2,900,000,000 hours on projects operated by the WPA. Work on
projects operated by other Federal agencies brought the total for
the WPA program to a little more than 3,000,000,000 hours. Nearly
1,240,000,000 work hours, or 42.5 percent of the total number, were
206
spent on highway, road, and street projects, which typically employ
large numbers of unskilled workers. Projects for the construction of
sewer systems and other utilities accounted for nearly 10 percent of
the total, or slightly more than 282,000,000 hours of work. Persons
employed on public buildings projects worked some 234,000,000 hours,
and those on projects for the development of recreational facilities
over 174,000,000 hours. Nonconstruction activities accounted for
more than 720,000,000 hours, or about a fourth of the total for projects
of all types. On sewing projects the employees worked nearly
238,000,000 hours.
Comparison of the relative numbers of hours worked during the
fiscal year 1940 on different types of projects with a similar distribution
for the entire period of WPA operations reveals certain changes in
emphasis. Highway, road, and street projects and the various kinds
of professional and service work increased in relative importance
during the last fiscal year, whereas the percentage of total hours
spent on recreational facilities, conservation, sanitation, and sewing
projects declined relative to the earlier period. Road work, nevertheless,
has accounted for more than two-fifths of the total of 14,400,000,-
000 hours worked on WPA projects during the 5 years since the
program was initiated.
WPA Funds Available
Funds for the operation of the program of the Work Projects
Administration during the year ending June 30, 1940, were appropriated
by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1939, approved
on June 30, 1939. This act provided a specific appropriation of
$1,477,000,000 for the WPA and reappropriated the unobligated balances
of funds made available to it under prior acts, amounting to
$42,824,000. The gross amount available for the fiscal year thus aggregated
$1,519,824,000. After deductions of $579,000 from the gross
amount—$500,000 for the work relief supply fund, and $79,000 for
administrative expenses of the Federal Works Agency—a net sum of
$1,519,245,000 was left available for all operations financed with WPA
funds, including funds for allocation to other Federal agencies for the
operation of projects similar to WPA projects, under WPA rules and
regulations. The net amount was approximately one-third less than
that made available for the same purposes in the preceding fiscal year.
By the end of June 1940, $1,401,393,000 of the total amount available
had been allocated for projects operated by the WPA. Allocation
of the remainder of the funds was determined largely by statutory
provisions which specified the maximum amounts to be used for
207
administrative purposes and for projects to be operated by other
Federal agencies. Approximately $53,661,000 was allocated for
administrative costs of the activities conducted by the WPA, $59,-
934,000 was transferred to other Federal agencies, and $42,000 was
allocated for miscellaneous items. These allocations left undistributed
on June 30, 1940, a balance of $4,214,000 from the total WPA
appropriation.
Twenty-eight Federal agencies received allocations from the WPA
during the fiscal year 1940. The largest amount was allocated to the
Quartermaster Corps of the United States Army, which received
$17,512,000 for the construction or improvement of buildings, landing
fields, roads, and other facilities at army posts. The Bureau of Yards
and Docks of the Navy Department received $10,000,000 for new
construction and improvement work at the principal naval bases on
the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Relatively large amounts also were
allocated to various units of the Department of Agriculture: $6,619,000
to the Forest Service for the extension of its conservation and development
work in forest and range areas; $5,883,000 to the Bureau of
Entomology and Plant Quarantine for the control and eradication of
insect pests and plant diseases; and $4,643,000 to the Soil Conservation
Service for the enlargement of its erosion control and soil conserving
activities. The National Park Service of the Department of
the Interior received $5,693,000 for further development of public
recreational areas in national parks. None of the 22 other agencies to
which WPA funds were allocated received more than 2 million dollars.
For continuing the WPA program in the year beginning July 1,
1940, the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act, fiscal year 1941,
appropriated the sum of $975,650,000 together with the unobligated
balances of funds made available to the WPA under the previous act.
Because of the uncertainty as to the economic outlook for this year,
the act provided that this appropriation might be apportioned over a
period of less than 12 months (but not less than 8 months) if in the
judgment of the President unemployment conditions necessitate
such action.
Expenditures of WPA Funds
Over the 12-month period ending with June 1940 WPA expenditures
averaged $127,000,000 per month. In the 1939 fiscal year, when
WPA employment was at a considerably higher level, the monthly average
was $186,000,000. The monthly average was $119,000,000 during
the fiscal year 1938 and $152,000,000 in the year ending June 1937.
Fluctuations in expenditures from month to month have reflected
the changes in WPA employment. Following the initiation of the
208
program in the summer of 1935, monthly expenditures from WPA
funds increased until in March and April 1936 a level of approximately
$180,000,000 per month was reached. During the ensuing 8 months
expenditures averaged somewhat less than this amount, and
further reductions during the spring and summer of 1937 brought
monthly expenditures to about $96,000,000 in October and November
1937. When the rapid decline in private employment that began in
October 1937 required an expansion in WPA project work that continued
for 12 months, outlays of WPA funds increased correspondingly
and reached their highest level during the quarter ending December 31,
1938. In that quarter expenditures averaged about $204,000,000 per
month. Curtailment of the program in the spring of 1939 reduced
expenditures to an average of about $169,000,000 in April, May,
and June.
Project operations declined during the first 3 months of the fiscal
year 1940 (July-September 1939). This decline was partly due to the
fact that, under the 1939 act, more than 18 months of continuous
WPA employment was (with minor exceptions) prohibited; and WPA
workers were being discharged, in conformity to this provision, more
rapidly than replacements could be made. By the end of the quarter,
funds were being spent at a level only slightly above the monthly
rate that prevailed in the autumn of 1937, when project employment
was at its lowest point.
The normal increase in WPA employment that begins with the
approach of the winter season raised the monthly rate of expenditures
gradually in the months from October through December 1939.
During the next 2 months the unusually severe weather conditions
which prevailed over large sections of the country curtailed project
operations, prevented the employment of a full quota of workers, and
resulted in loss of working time on the part of many employees.
As soon as the weather conditions made it possible, the workers
were allowed to make up the time they had lost involuntarily, and
expenditures in March increased about $20,000,000 over the January-
February level. Workers continued to make up lost time during the
spring, and because of this factor and the normal lag between employment
and expenditures the totals for April and May showed only
moderate declines from the March peak, averaging about $133,000,000.
Expenditures in June amounted to less than $120,000,000.
WPA funds expended for all purposes during the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1940, totaled $1,520,106,000. This amount includes checks
issued in liquidation of obligations incurred under prior acts that were
carried over into the 1940 fiscal year, as well as expenditures of funds
appropriated by the ERA Act of 1939. Expenditures for work proj209
ects operated directly by the WPA amounted to $1,408,572,000.
WPA administrative expenses amounted to $53,171,000, or 3.6 percent
of the total cost of activities conducted by the WPA. An additional
sum of $47,000 was expended by the WPA, covering settlement of
property damage claims, relief for Minnesota tornado victims, and
final payments in connection with the programs initiated under the
1938 ERA Act for purchasing and distributing surplus clothing and
aiding self-help and cooperative associations. Thus a total expenditure
of $1,461,790,000 was made for programs operated by the WPA.
Expenditures for programs operated by other Federal agencies with
WPA Federal funds totaled $58,316,000.
Amount of WPA funds expended for programs operated by WPA and other Federal
agencies, year ending June 30, 1940
Total__________________________________________ $1, 520, 106, 078
Programs operated by WPA_____________________________ 1, 461, 790, 340
Project operations_________________________________ 1, 408, 571, 637
Labor________________________________________ 1, 289, 469, 619
Nonlabor_____________________________________ 119,102,018
Administration____________________________________ 53, 171, 371
Miscellaneous L___________________________________ 47, 332
Programs operated by other agencies______________________ 58, 315, 738
1 Includes expenditures for tornado relief and for settlement of property damage claims and final payments
in the purchase of surplus clothing and aid to self-help and cooperative associations programs.
Most of the WPA funds have been expended for wages of project
workers. During the fiscal year 1940 approximately $1,289,470,000,
or nearly 92 percent of total expenditures on projects operated by the
WPA, was spent for this purpose. A limited amount of WPA funds
has been made available for the nonlabor costs of project operation,
in proportion to the amount of employment provided. This nonlabor
allowance under the ERA Act of 1939 was limited to $6 per
worker per month in any State. Expenditures for nonlabor costs
of WPA-operated projects made on this basis amounted to $119,-
102,018 during the 1940 fiscal year.
The administrative costs of activities conducted by the WPA,
which totaled $53,171,000 during the fiscal year 1940, were one-fourth
less than the amount spent for this purpose during the previous year.
The expenditure in fiscal year 1940 was the smallest annual amount
spent by the WPA for administration in the 5 years of its existence.
Most of the administrative expenditures were made for the salaries of
the administrative staff; salary payments amounted to $43,583,000, or
82 percent of the total administrative cost. The number of persons
employed in administrative work averaged 26,900; the average
included 25,100 in State and local offices, 1,500 in the central office in
210
Washington, and 300 in regional offices or other positions in the field.
Funds spent for administrative purposes other than salaries were for
travel, communication, and other contractual services ($6,077,000);
purchases of materials, supplies, and equipment ($2,076,000); and
rent of buildings and equipment ($1,398,000).
Expenditures by Project Sponsors
As part of their sponsorship of WPA projects, State and local
agencies have contributed substantial amounts to supplement WPA
funds. They have been required to meet engineering and other costs
associated with the planning of project work. Sponsors have also
supplemented the Federal allowances for project nonlabor costs by
providing additional funds for materials, supplies, and equipment.
The amounts contributed have varied with the type of WPA projects
which the communities have requested and with the financial ability
of the communities. During the year ending June 30, 1940, sponsors
expended $494,378,000. This represented 26 percent of the total
cost of projects operated by the WPA.
The ERA Act of 1939 provided that sponsors must meet at least
25 percent of the costs of all non-Federal projects approved after
January 1, 1940. This requirement applies to the aggregate of all
non-Federal projects within a State, thus enabling sponsors to balance
a relatively low contribution rate on some projects with higher rates
on others. Although sponsors’ expenditures during the 1940 fiscal
year represented a higher percentage of total project costs than in
any earlier period, and exceeded the 25 percent requirement in the
country as a whole, many of the projects had been approved and
placed in operation prior to January 1, 1940, and were not subject to
the 1939 act provision.
Sponsors’ expenditures for WPA projects have increased each year
since the beginning of the WPA program. The 1940 total of $494,-
378,000 exceeded expenditures in fiscal year 1939 ($493,939,000) even
though WPA funds had been reduced by about a third. Sponsors’
expenditures in the fiscal year 1938 totaled $371,608,000, having
increased from $300,604,000 in the fiscal year 1937 and $132,890,000
in 1936. The share of the cost met by sponsors has increased in terms
of the percentage of total project costs, as well as in the absolute
amount of expenditures, throughout the period of WPA operations.
The percentage of total costs paid by sponsors, however, is necessarily
affected by the level of WPA operations. When the volume of WPA
employment and expenditures is unusually high the percentage of
sponsors’ contributions is likely to decline, notwithstanding the fact
211
that sponsors have increased the absolute amounts of their expenditures
when WPA employment has been increased. This tendency
reflects the greater financial ability of the Federal Government to
deal quickly with changes in unemployment and the less flexible
financial resources of the States and localities.
WPA and Sponsors9 Expenditures
The $494,378,000 provided by sponsors during the 1940 fiscal year,
together with the $1,408,572,000 from Federal funds appropriated
to’the WPA brought the total amount expended for projects operated
by the WPA to $1,902,950,000. This sum, which does not include
expenditures for WPA projects operated by other Federal agencies,
represents a reduction of about one-fourth from the total used for the
same purpose in fiscal year 1939.
Most of the WPA funds spent for projects operated by the WPA
were used, as has already been noted, to pay the wages of project
workers. The larger share of the sponsors’ funds, on the other hand,
was used for the procurement of materials, supplies, and equipment
required for project operation. Of the total of $1,902,950,000 expended
on projects operated directly by the WPA in the 1940 fiscal
year, $1,368,986,000 was expended for wages and salaries. This sum
represented 72 percent of the combined project expenditures from
WPA and sponsors’ funds. This percentage was slightly lower than
in previous years, because of the increase in sponsors’ expenditures
for materials and equipment. More than 92 percent of the total
wage payments were made from WPA funds. The labor costs met
by sponsors represented wages of specially qualified workers who
were necessary for project operations but who could not be hired from
certified lists.
Expenditures for nonlabor purposes during the year ending June 30,
1940, totaled $533,963,000 ($119,102,000 from WPA funds and
$414,861,000 from sponsors’ funds). They included $298,181,000 for
materials, supplies, and equipment purchased; $175,178,000 for rent
of equipment; and $60,605,000 for rent of buildings, contractual
services, and miscellaneous items.
A wide variety of materials, supplies, and equipment was purchased
with the expenditure of $298,181,000, of which $81,007,000 was from
WPA funds and $217,174,000 from sponsors’ funds. Practically
every kind of construction material is required for WPA project
activities as well as many goods of a nonconstruction nature. Cement,
sand, and gravel, crushed stone, and other stone, clay, and glass
products accounted for nearly one-third ($102,737,000) of the ex212
penditures made during the past fiscal year. A large quantity of
metal products was used; about $58,834,000 was spent for cast-iron
pipe and fittings, structural and reinforcing steel, and other metal
products other than machinery.
Lumber and lumber products and bituminous mixtures for paving
and other purposes were also purchased in large amounts, requiring
the expenditure of $27,709,000 and $26,498,000, respectively. Other
relatively important types of construction materials were chemicals
and allied products and petroleum products. Textiles, used chiefly
on sewing projects, were the principal nonconstruction material purchased
in large quantities. Expenditures for textiles amounted to
$19,785,000 during the 1940 fiscal year.
From the beginning of WPA operations through the end of June
1940, purchases of all kinds of materials, supplies, and equipment
from many branches of American industry amounted to $1,335,381,-
000, of which project sponsors contributed 61 percent. The relative
importance of the various kinds of materials was approximately the
same on the 5-year basis as during the 1940 fiscal year.
Some machinery and equipment is purchased for use on projects,
but most of it, particularly the heavy and expensive equipment, is
rented. During the fiscal year 1940 about $16,283,000 was spent
for the purchase of machinery and equipment. Rental of equipment,
including road scrapers, power shovels, paving equipment, and other
construction machinery, amounted to $175,178,000.
Construction activities accounted for about three-fourths of the
total expenditure of $1,902,950,000 in WPA and sponsors’ funds for
projects operated by the WPA during the year ending June 30, 1940.
The other fourth was used for education, health, sewing, and other
professional and service projects.
Among the various types of projects, highway, road, and street
work predominated, as it has throughout the WPA program. The
$791,863,000 spent for work of this type represented nearly 42 percent
of the year’s total. Second in importance among types of construction
activities was the work done on sewer and water supply systems
and other public utilities, which accounted for about $199,839,000,
or nearly 11 percent of total expenditures from Federal and sponsors’
funds. A total of $183,448,000 was expended for the construction
and improvement of public buildings. Work on recreational facilities,
excluding recreational buildings, cost about $119,000,000, which was
6.3 percent of the total expended for project activities. The other
major types of construction work—conservation projects, airports
and airways, and sanitation projects—represented 3.4, 2.0, and 1.6
percent, respectively, of the total expenditures during the fiscal year.
213
BUILDINGS FOR THE NAVY
These barracks for sailors at the New London Submarine Base were built by
WPA. Before America can have a two-ocean Navy there must be many submarine
classes like this one. WPA has built many similar defense buildings.
214
Community services, such as educational and recreational activities,
arts projects, and library and museum work, accounted for more than
one-fourth of the expenditures made for nonconstruction work and
represented nearly 7 percent of all project costs during the fiscal year.
Expenditures for sewing projects represented 6 percent of all
WPA project costs. Expenditures on research and records projects
amounted to 5 percent of all WPA project costs. Another 5 percent
was expended for welfare projects other than sewing, including among
other activities, the provision of housekeeping aid for families in need,
preparation and serving of hot lunches to school children, distribution
of surplus commodities, and health work.
National Defense Work
The WPA has been carrying on work, throughout the 5 years of its
operation, that has greatly strengthened the defense of the United
States. Projects for the construction and the improvement of
military and naval facilities have been operated at many army reservations
and naval bases in the continental United States and in Puerto
Rico, Hawaii, Alaska, and the Virgin Islands. Besides these projects
specifically designed for defense purposes and sponsored or operated
by the War Department, Navy Department, and the Coast Guard,
many other projects have contributed to military effectiveness
although they were not originally undertaken for that purpose.
Roads, bridges, civil airports, and other construction work initiated
primarily for the benefit of specific communities have also materially
strengthened the defenses of the country as a whole.
An expansion of the types of work that are of especial importance
for defense purposes was undertaken just before the close of the fiscal
year 1940. Legislation was enacted in June to increase the use of
WPA labor for defense work during the fiscal year 1941. Regulations
and limitations that usually apply to project operations were modified
in order to permit the operation of a larger number of projects vital
to the national defense and to speed up defense work throughout the
Nation.
Defense Work Completed By June 30, 1940
Many projects sponsored or operated by military or naval agencies,
and numerous other projects of value to national defense that are
sponsored by the National Guard, by municipalities, or by other
State and local agencies had been completed by the end of June
1940. New or improved airports with paved runways and various
ground facilities such as hangars, repair shops, and administration
215
ARMY CHOW IN A NEW MESS HALL
At the Massachusetts Military Reservation on Cape Cod this new mess hall,
built by WPA last year, is being used by an antiaircraft unit of the new Army.
216
buildings have resulted from this project work. Many arsenals,
armories, barracks, hospitals, roads, rifle ranges, training fields, and
warehouses also have been completed through project operations. In
addition to the physical facilities that have been constructed, many
varieties of nonconstruction work that are of value to defense, such
as engineering surveys, the indexing of military records, and the
preparation of military handbooks and maps, have been carried on
by project employees.
Airport and airway work has been one of the most important
accomplishments of WPA project activities, so far as national defense
is concerned. The improvement of Air Corps flying fields and the
development of other landing areas to accommodate large concentrations
of aircraft, and to facilitate the movement of aircraft between
strategic points, help to meet important needs of military aviation.
Improvement of ground facilities at existing airports, installation of
airway markers and beacons, the construction of emergency landing
fields, and other work directed toward the development of civil
aviation, have also contributed to the development of air defense.
Through WPA activities during the 5 years ending in June 1940,
nearly 200 new airports were developed and a considerably larger
number were improved or reconditioned. Work was done at about
90 percent of the airports that were air-line stops in June 1940,
among them major air terminals such as those in New York, Cleveland,
Chicago, and San Francisco. Also among the airports built or
improved by WPA workers were many like those in Hyannis, Mass.;
Hickory, N. C.; and Tomahawk, Wis.; designed chiefly for the use
of private planes in areas where the existing landing facilities were
inadequate, and which are of value in the training of pilots.
As a part of the airport work some 1,970,000 linear feet of new
runways have been completed. Most of these runways were built
at municipal airports used primarily by commercial and transport
planes; about 10 percent of the runways were constructed at Army
and Navy airfields. In addition to the landing facilities for landplanes,
seaplane ramps and landing platforms have been built.
WPA project work also included hundreds of new or reconditioned
hangars, administration buildings, repair shops, and other structures
that are useful for defense purposes.
Among the many examples of WPA work at military and naval airstations
are Maxwell Field near Montgomery, Ala., and Reeves Field
in Los Angeles (San Pedro), Calif. At Maxwell Field runways and
taxi strips were paved, runway lights installed, and barracks, mess
halls, warehouses, and other buildings were constructed or enlarged.
At Reeves Field, WPA workers have developed facilities for both
217
LEARNING TO SHOOT STRAIGHT
Army marksmanship is being improved through this machine gun class assembled
on the new parade grounds at Fort Dix, N. J. WPA leveled gravel pits here.
Similar projects have improved many other posts being used by the new Army.
218
landplanes and seaplanes; they have paved runways, built a concrete
seaplane haul-out ramp and platform, installed lighting systems, and
erected hangars, barracks, storehouses, and numerous other buildings.
WPA work at Berry Field, the municipal airport in Nashville,
Tenn., included the construction of a hangar which now houses
planes of the 105th Aero Squadron of the National Guard and is
used by visiting Army and Navy aircraft. Moline Airport, developed
entirely by WPA workers, is of military importance because of its
nearness to Rock Island Arsenal and to the Savanna Ordnance
Depot on the Mississippi River. The work at this airport, however,
was undertaken primarily to develop a unit of the Nation’s air transportation
system, with complete facilities for air-line passengers and
the servicing of transport planes, and to develop a center for private
flying operations. Similarly the municipal airport which WPA workers
have built at Morgantown, W. Va., is considered of strategic
importance in the protection of the industrial area between Morgantown
and Pittsburgh, although it was constructed primarily to provide
safe landing facilities for commercial planes in the mountainous
terrain. The construction of hundreds of other airports, ranging
in size from La Guardia Field, the huge international air terminal in
New York City, to small fields in the vacation areas of Michigan and
Maine, are likewise useful for the defense of the Nation.
Public building projects, in addition to the buildings at airports,
have been an important part of the construction program operated
for defense agencies. By the end of June 1940, about 600 armories
had been built or improved through projects operated by the WPA.
Nearly all of them were sponsored by units of the National Guard.
Through other projects operated by the WPA that were sponsored
by the War and Navy Departments, the National Guard, and the
Coast Guard, 11,000 other buildings were built or reconstructed.
These included barracks, officers’ quarters, hospitals and infirmaries,
storage buildings, kitchens, mess halls, and administrative buildings.
Extensions and improvements have been made to water mains, distribution
lines, sanitary and storm sewer mains, and other utilities,
principally at Army reservations. At many Army posts, such as
Fort Dix, N. J., and Fort Ord in California, camp-wide improvements
have been made. Similarly at Navy bases projects covering a wide
variety of improvements have been completed.
At Fort Dix, the famous World War cantonment in New Jersey,
improvements included the renovation of barracks, the reconstruction
of concrete tent floors, and the construction of mess halls, rifle pits
and targets, and gun supports, as well as the development of a landing
area and the improvement of roads. A large amount of work
274771—41----15
219
was also undertaken for the National Guard at Camp Ripley in Minnesota.
At this camp sewer and water systems have been built, underground
electric power lines and telephone lines have been installed,
roads paved, and an airport with hangars, storage houses, repair
shops, and garages has been developed. At Fort Ord, on California’s
Monterey Peninsula, 17,000 acres of brush-covered terrain have been
made into an important military training center. The work included
clearing thousands of acres for maneuver grounds, construction of
many miles of roads, development of gun ranges for rifles, pistols,
and machine guns; wells were dug, storage tanks built, and pumps
were installed to assure an adequate supply of water.
Among the activities undertaken at naval bases in many sections
of the country was the construction of powder magazines and modernization
of machine shops at the Philadelphia Navy Yard. Extensive
improvements have been made for the Naval Operating Base at
Hampton Roads in Virginia and at the Portsmouth Navy Yard. At
Toledo, Ohio, a large armory has been completed for the United States
Naval Reserve Corps. Considerable work also has been done on
the Pacific coast, which includes extensive modernization of facilities
at the Mare Island Navy Yard; the restoration of buildings, road
construction, and the development of a large drill field at the Marine
Base in San Diego Bay; and the construction of the large Naval and
Marine Corps Reserve Armory at Elysian Park in Los Angeles.
Many nonconstruction projects have been sponsored by the War
and Navy Departments, the Coast Guard, and the several units of
the National Guard, and the work performed through the operation
of these projects is of immediate value in the development of defense
activities. Analysis of ocean current data, sponsored by the Navy
Hydrographic Office in Philadelphia, has produced a series of navigation
tables by which sea and air navigators can compute positions
almost instantly. White-collar workers in New York have been
working on handbooks and translations of reference material on
military terms and have been engaged in modernizing a filing system
and personnel card index for the New York Division of the Coast
Guard. Other white-collar workers in several States have compiled
data for strategic maps and have drafted and reproduced such maps
for the use of the War Department.
Through June 1940, $432,272,000 had been expended on WPA
projects operated for the improvement of facilities of military and
naval agencies or for the development of civil airports and airways.
About $352,491,000 of the total was supplied from WPA appropriations
and $79,781,000 was provided by the sponsoring agencies.
Approximately $182,197,000 was expended for work on civil airports
220
sponsored by municipalities, States, counties, and other political subdivisions.
Projects operated or sponsored by the War Department
accounted for $154,131,000; those by the Department of the Navy,
for $44,591,000; those by the United States Coast Guard, for $1,201,-
000; and those by the units of the National Guard, for $50,151,000.
[United States and Territories]
Amount of WPA and sponsors’ funds expended on WPA airport projects and on
other WPA projects sponsored or operated by military and naval agencies, by
agency and by source of funds, cumulative through June 30, 19j0
Agency Total funds WPA funds Sponsors’ funds
All agencies___________________________________________ $432, 272,198 $352, 490, 985 $79, 781, 213
Department of War____________________________________
Department of the Navy______________________________
United States Coast Guard____________________________
National Guard________________________________________
Other agencies (for airports and airways only)_________
154,131,047
44, 591, 255
1, 201, 044
50,151,409
182,197, 443
134,169, 839
40, 353, 013
955, 629
41,013,130
135, 999, 374
19, 961, 208
4,238, 242
245, 415
9,138,279
46,198, 069
Program for the Year Beginning July I, 1940
The availability of WPA workers, the experience of the WPA
field organization in operating nearly every type of public project
in all parts of the country, and the flexibility of the program have
been important factors in the ability of the WPA to adapt its activities
to many of the needs of defense agencies under the expanded defense
program initiated in 1940. Special procedures were initiated in June
to expedite the review and approval of WPA projects related to national
defense, and to establish their priority over other projects
approved for operation.
The Emergency Relief Appropriation Act, fiscal year 1941, also
contained a number of specific provisions intended to permit greater
and more rapid use of the WPA program as a means of strengthening
the country’s defenses. Several restrictions that ordinarily apply to
WPA project work were waived to expedite the operation of projects
certified by either the Secretary of War or the Secretary of the Navy
as being important for military or naval purposes. Such projects
were exempted from the provision which requires that sponsors furnish
at least one-fourth of the total cost of non-Federal projects approved
in each State after January 1, 1940. Work of importance to defense
plans, such as the construction of civil airports, barracks, and National
Guard armories, frequently involves nonlabor costs which project
sponsors would be unable to finance without more Federal assistance
than the $6 per worker per month ordinarily permitted by law for
nonlabor purposes. Accordingly, the act authorized the use of $25,-
000,000 to supplement the usual Federal nonlabor allowance of $6
per worker per month, where such additional funds are necessary to
221
TRAINING DEFENSE WORKERS
The four men studying this airplane motor are part of the special defense-training
programs of WPA to prepare aviation ground servicemen and other defense
employees. More than 50,000 workers have been enrolled for such instruction.
222
permit the operation of defense projects. Exemptions from the
regular schedule of monthly earnings and hours of work were likewise
authorized for certified defense projects.
Projects certified by the Secretary of War or the Secretary of the
Navy as important for defense purposes are of the same general type
as those which were operated for these agencies by the WPA in the
first 5 years of its program. Construction and improvement of
military airports, barracks, hospitals, and facilities of all types at
Army reservations and Navy bases are being given priority in project
operation. Work on municipal airports and airway projects sponsored
by State and local public bodies, which have an important
place in defense plans, is being continued and expanded.
The WPA is also cooperating with the War and Navy Departments
and with the Public Roads Administration in the improvement of
roads of strategic military importance. Access roads to Army posts,
to naval stations, and to military and naval depots, arsenals, and
reservations, and roads within these reservations are being improved.
Road shoulders of strategic highways are being widened sufficiently
to permit the parking of army convoys without obstructing usual
traffic. The WPA will assist particularly in the development of
auxiliary roads that parallel main routes included in the strategic highway
network. Bridges are being widened and strengthened and
obstructions eliminated. Roads and streets in industrial areas and
those providing access to important civil, military, and naval airports
also are being improved through WPA projects.
Under a Nation-wide vocational training project approved July 1,
1940, WPA employees and other workers are being trained for jobs
in strategic industries. WPA workers assigned to the training
project receive monthly security wages during the period of their
assignment. This project, sponsored by the Advisory Commission
to the Council of National Defense and cosponsored by the United
States Office of Education, was certified by the Secretary of War as
important for defense purposes. Regular staff members of State
and local vocational education authorities are serving as instructors.
For many of the trainees, already grounded in the fundamental skills,
the work is in the nature of “refresher” courses. Others receive
training that is supplemental to employment experience.
WPA Project Work
The work undertaken in all parts of the country through WPA
projects is carried on in cooperation with public agencies; these
agencies develop plans and specifications for the work to be done by
223
WPA workers, and participate in the financing and prosecution of the
projects that they sponsor. The great majority of projects are
sponsored by State and local agencies—highway and street commissions,
departments of health, welfare, and education, and other
legally-constituted agencies of municipalities, townships, counties,
and States. Projects are also sponsored by Federal agencies such as
the Departments of War, Navy, Agriculture, and Interior. Until
August 31, 1939, the WPA itself sponsored a small number of projects
that were Nation-wide in scope, but all such projects have been
discontinued.
Sponsoring agencies initiate formal consideration of work that they
wish to have undertaken by submitting to the WPA proposals which
give detailed construction and cost specifications and other pertinent
data. Each proposal must also indicate the part of the cost of the
work to be met by the sponsor. Sponsors are expected to provide a
large part of the cost of the materials, supplies, and equipment
needed for the job. In any State, all costs of this type over and above
an average of $6 per worker per month must be provided from sponsors’
funds, except in the case of projects related to national defense.
The size of sponsors’ contributions was not fixed by law, either in
relative or absolute terms, until the beginning of 1940, but was controlled
by limiting the amount of Federal funds allotted for nonlabor
costs. However, statutory provisions now require that in every State
at least 25 percent of the total cost of all non-Federal projects approved
on and after January 1, 1940, must be supplied by the sponsor.
(Under the ERA Act, fiscal year 1941, projects certified as important
for national defense may be exempted from this requirement.)
Project proposals and applications are reviewed by the WPA for
conformity with the rules and regulations of the WPA program and
the general eligibility requirements that have been laid down in the
various acts appropriating funds for the WPA. To be eligible for
WPA operation, projects must meet three general requirements:
They must provide benefits needed by the community, without taking
over functions which the sponsor could normally carry on and without
displacing persons already employed; they must be adaptable to the
occupational skills of the eligible unemployed workers in the community
where the work is to be done; and they must promote the
public welfare rather than benefit any private institution or individual.
With certain limited exceptions provided by law, projects must be
sponsared by public agencies and operated on public property. Other
regulations prohibit the operation of projects that would compete with
private industry, or projects for the manufacture or construction of
naval vessels, munitions, or implements of war.
224
The scope of project activities that may be operated is defined by
the WPA appropriation law. Types of work which may be prosecuted
include, among others, road work, construction of public buildings,
recreational facilities, airports, and public utilities such as sewer
systems and water supply systems; conservation activities; and professional
and service projects. The construction projects may involve
either improvement of existing facilities or new construction work.
Nonconstruction activities include educational, recreational, and other
cultural and community service types of work, as well as a wide
variety of public welfare and research activities.
Applications for certain types of projects are reviewed not only
by the WPA but also by various other governmental agencies performing
related work or having an advisory interest in such work. This
review enables the WPA to benefit from the technical experience of
these agencies, and insures that the projects will conform to their
general policies and be coordinated with other proposed work. Projects
for construction or improvement work on Federal-aid highways,
for example, must be approved by the Public Roads Administration
before they are approved by the WPA in Washington. In all cases,
after an application is approved by the WPA it must also be approved
by the President before the project becomes eligible for operation.
From the reservoir of projects that have received Presidential
approval, the State WPA administrator may at any time select those
best suited for operation under the conditions then prevailing. Once
a project is selected, it may be operated in its entirety as approved or
in parts that represent self-contained units of work. The chief
considerations in selecting a project are the need for the type of employment
which it would supply, the immediate availability of the
kinds of labor required, and the usefulness of the project to the community.
Cost factors are also important in project selection.
By means of the reserve of approved projects a high degree of
flexibility is maintained in the program. Employment can thus be
expanded quickly when an increased number of jobs is needed for
eligible unemployed workers, and the program can be modified to
meet changes in the occupational distribution of workers available
for assignment.
Physical Accomplishments
The inventory of physical accomplishments and public participation
on projects during the 5 years from the beginning of the program
through the end of June 1940 indicates the extent and diversity of WPA
225
work. Such a statistical record of necessity provides no measure of
accomplishment in terms of the jobs provided, in terms of the maintenance
of the skills of individual workers and of the total national
labor force, or in terms of the preservation of the health and morale
of American families. It does indicate the contribution that the WPA
program has made to the physical assets and public services of the
Nation.
Roads
The most extensive physical accomplishment of WPA workers has
been the construction and rebuilding of roads and streets. From
the beginning of the program through June 1940, work was completed
on more than 517,000 miles of highways, roads, and streets. By far the
largest part of this mileage (455,000 miles) has been on farm-to-market
and other secondary roads. Road work is particularly well suited to
the requirements of the program in rural areas because of the relatively
large numbers of unskilled workers that may be employed and the
flexibility of operation that this kind of project offers. Farm-tomarket
roads in all sections of the country have been improved through
the grading and widening of the roadbeds, provision of adequate drainage,
elimination of steep grades and sharp curves, and surfacing or
resurfacing of the roadbed with gravel or crushed stone. In addition
to the 421,000 miles of this kind of road work that was completed in
rural areas, nearly 34,000 miles of rural roads were paved with concrete,
bituminous, or other hard-surface materials.
Work on streets has been a large item of accomplishment in municipalities.
The need for this type of civic improvement has been accentuated
in recent years by marked increases in traffic. Completed
work, ranging all the way from construction of heavy-duty concrete
or asphalt pavements to the opening of gravel streets in small communities,
totaled some 54,000 miles at the end of the 1940 fiscal year.
Through some projects streets were widened to permit additional lanes
of traffic on principal thoroughfares, and through others cobblestone,
brick, or other worn-out surfacing was replaced with adequate materials.
Sometimes the projects are for the widening and paving of
streets in outlying sections to enable through highway traffic to avoid
the congested business districts of cities. In suburban areas much
grading and drainage work was done, and surfaces adequate for light
traffic were laid. There were also completed more than 8,000 miles of
new or improved roads in parks and other areas, such as military
reservations of various types.
Road improvement work has included the construction or improve226
ment of bridges and viaducts, culverts, curbs, gutters, guardrails,
and other appurtenant structures. About 64,000 new bridges and
viaducts were completed by the end of June 1940, and those that had
been reconditioned totaled nearly 40,000. About 48,000 of the new
bridges were small wooden structures averaging about 30 feet in length
but wide enough for two-lane traffic. Some of these, particularly in
areas of the South where heavy rainfall is a problem, have been built
of creosoted timber in order to reduce upkeep, which was costly on the
old-type wooden bridges. Nearly 12,000 bridges and viaducts were
constructed of masonry or concrete and 4,900 were of steel; these often
replaced out-moded bridges that were unsafe for the increasingly
heavy truck and bus traffic. A large portion of the reconditioned
bridges were made of wood, but the relative number of steel spans was
much larger for this group than for the newly built bridges.
In connection with the highway program, WPA workers installed
780,000 new culverts and improved nearly 94,000 others, completed
approximately 135,000 miles of roadside drainage work, and built or
reconditioned about 25,000 miles of curbs and gutters and 3,000 miles
of guardrails and guardwalls. They also erected 692,000 traffic signs
for the convenience and safety of motorists.
Buildings
Work on public buildings has been another outstanding contribution
of the WPA program during the 5 years ending with June 1940.
In this period 25,800 new buildings were completed, 67,700 were renovated
and reconstructed, and 3,200 were enlarged.
Nearly 36,000 of the 96,700 buildings were for educational purposes.
Thousands of school buildings that had become obsolete or had fallen
into disrepair during depression years have been modernized. Structural
faults have been remedied, new heating, plumbing, and lighting
facilities installed, and other improvements made. Some school
buildings have been enlarged by the construction of additional wings,
which often contain study halls, laboratories, and rooms for other
special purposes as well as classrooms. Many new school buildings
have been completed, particularly in the Southern States. Among
these are buildings for vocational schools, like one built in a small
Alabama town which provides a food laboratory, sewing room, and
carpentry shop in addition to general classrooms. Besides serving
their normal educational function, the schools in many instances also
serve as centers for a variety of community activities. In addition to
the school buildings, thousands of libraries and university dormitories
and laboratories have been built or renovated by WPA workers.
227
TEN MINUTES FOR RECESS
This new school at Santa Fe, N. Mex., was constructed by WPA. School build*
ings comprise one-third of all buildings built or improved by the WPA in 1940.
228
About 12,200 recreational buildings have been completed through
project operations. Among them are hundreds of auditoriums and
civic centers and several thousand gymnasiums, many of which were
added to schools and buildings at other public institutions. An
example of these is the gymnasium-auditorium built by WPA workers
in one Iowa town; it contains a standard court for basketball games—-
a major recreational interest of the entire community in winter
months—and can also be used for dramatic and musical productions
and other general programs, as well as for physical education purposes.
Thousands of park pavilions, bathhouses, and zoological buildings are
also included under the recreational group.
Other public buildings, on which project work ranging from minor
improvements to major remodeling and new construction was com-,
pleted by WPA workers, include about 5,000 office and administrative
buildings, 1,800 hospitals, and many buildings for charitable, medical,
and mental institutions. Some of the new hospitals were built in
communities that previously had been without hospital facilities of any
kind. Others replace obsolete and inadequate structures with buildings
containing modern operating and X-ray rooms as well as adequate
bed capacity. Still others were designed to care for victims of particular
diseases such as a hospital in New Mexico which provides
facilities for the hospitalization and clinical examination of crippled
children and makes it possible to use the curative powers of natural
hot springs in the treatment of infantile paralysis and orthopedic
diseases.
Many armories, garages, and storage buildings have been built by
WPA workers. Armories that have been constructed, renovated, or
enlarged numbered over 600. Garages on which construction or remodeling
has been completed total nearly 3,500; among these are structures
that have been built to house county highway equipment and to
provide adequate space for its repair and servicing. Some 4,000
storage buildings have been constructed or renovated. The construction
of buildings at military reservations also has been extensive.
Recreational Facilities
Public facilities for outdoor recreation were greatly extended by
WPA project activities during the 5 years preceding June 30, 1940.
Work of this type, which has received particular emphasis in urban
centers, included the building and reconditioning of roads and walks
and landscaping work in nearly 5,700 parks and the development of
nearly 1,400 new parks. In connection with park improvements, the
construction of band shells, pavilions, and outdoor theaters with seat229
ing capacity for thousands of persons has been undertaken in some
localities. Some of the parks provide recreational centers for entire
rural counties and include picnic areas, outdoor ovens, athletic fields,
swimming pools, lakes, and parking areas for hundreds of cars. WPA
workers have built more than 2,500 new playgrounds and have improved
8,400 others, many of them on school grounds. About 1,800
new stadiums, grandstands, and bleachers have been built and some
700 renovated or enlarged.
Facilities for practically every form of sport also have been built
or improved in large numbers—nearly 4,900 athletic fields with provisions
for baseball or football; thousands of handball, horseshoe, and
tennis courts; many hundreds of swimming and wading pools; and
some 1,100 ice-skating areas, 350 miles of ski trails, and 74 ski jumps.
Outstanding among facilities for winter sports built by WPA workers
are a ski jump, toboggan chute, bobsled run, slalom course, and miles
of ski trails at Belknap Mountain Recreation Center in New Hampshire,
where extensive facilities for outdoor recreation in other seasons
have also been provided.
Utilities
Provisions for adequate water supply and distribution and for
proper sewerage disposal are prominent among WPA project accomplishments.
Much of the WPA work on water-supply systems has
involved the installation of aqueducts, water mains, and distribution
lines for localities where people formerly had to depend upon private
wells and cisterns. In other localities, facilities installed many years
ago had been outgrown, and leakage and loss of pressure were common
developments. In some communities the water was of poor
quality. Among these was one in Minnesota where residents formerly
hauled water to town in tank wagons because the well water in this
area was made unfit for domestic use by underlying beds of salt;
WPA work there has resulted in a modern filtration and softening
plant which provides 300,000 gallons of good water daily. In other
areas unprecedented drought conditions had demonstrated the
necessity for greater sources of supply and for expanded storage
facilities.
To improve such situations, WPA workers have installed more than
11,200 miles of water mains and distribution lines, built 139 new watertreatment
plants, drilled or dug 3,400 wells, and constructed 2,300
storage tanks and reservoirs. Some of the 834 new pumping stations
that were constructed by WPA workers were for water-supply systems.
Improvements to facilities of these types have been numerous.
230
Sanitary facilities in many communities have been improved and
extended by the installation of nearly 18,000 miles of new storm and
sanitary sewers, the reconditioning of 3,200 miles of sewers, and the
construction or improvement of about 1,000 sewage-treatment plants.
Some of the new sanitary sewer lines and treatment plants constructed
by WPA workers were installed to serve communities which previously
had no modern sanitation facilities. Among these was a small Ohio
town where a complete sewage system, including a disposal plant and
6 miles of sewers, was completed through WPA operations. WPA
work was undertaken in other areas in order to improve inadequate
sewage systems. In an eastern city, for example, a disposal plant
large enough to provide service for 30,000 persons, and the necessary
sewer lines, were added to the existing system. Work on storm
sewers has often been undertaken to reduce damage to property and
interference with traffic that is caused by flooding during heavy
rainfalls.
Project work on sanitary and storm sewers has been frequently
related to building construction and the development of parks. It
has also included the construction of sewer lines for connection with
main trunk lines and for extension of water-supply mains. In rural
regions where it was impracticable to install sewage-disposal systems,
WPA workers have constructed 1,900,000 sanitary privies.
Airports
Accomplishments on the WPA airport program during the 5 years
of its operation have made significant contributions to the air-transportation
facilities of the Nation and to the facilities for its defense.
This work, carried on in close cooperation with the Civil Aeronautics
Authority, has included both the construction of new airports and
the improvement and expansion of those already in operation.
The construction of about 1,970,000 linear feet of new runways and
the reconditioning or resurfacing of 650,000 feet of existing runways,
the installation of thousands of boundary lights, and the improvement
of airport drainage systems serving an area of some 180,000 acres, are
among the many items of completed work. To improve the ground
facilities at airports all over the country, more than 1,600 airport
buildings have been built or renovated. Among them are 436
hangars, ranging in size from the large structures at La Guardia Field
in New York City to small buildings accommodating a few two-seater
planes; 147 administrative buildings; and about 1,000 other airport
buildings such as machine shops, storage buildings, and garages.
In addition to the facilities for landplanes, 25 seaplane ramps and
231
landing platforms have been built and two others have been renovated.
WPA workers also have placed nearly 10,500 airway markers
on roofs and roads and in parks and other public areas and have
installed or reconditioned about 80 airway beacons.
La Guardia Field, New York’s municipal airport, is an outstanding
example of WPA airport work. WPA workers reclaimed about 60
percent of the field’s 560 acres of land from the East River, using
cinders and refuse transported from a dump across the channel. They
built four macadam-paved runways, the largest of which is 6,000 feet
in length, and a passenger landing float and seaplane haul-out ramp,
installed complete lighting systems, and did other work necessary for
the provision of adequate landing facilities for transcontinental and
transoceanic transport planes. Separate marine and landplane terminal
buildings, six hangars for landplanes and one for seaplanes, and numerous
other buildings were also constructed.
Conservation
Conservation work carried on through WPA projects has been
chiefly in rural areas of the Western and Midwestern States. The
construction of 15,800 small dams for water-conservation purposes
and the reconditioning of nearly 800 others, in areas that have
suffered acutely from drought, is helping to conserve water supplies
and aiding generally in the rehabilitation of certain communities.
WPA work that has contributed either directly or indirectly to the
conservation of soil and water resources and to flood control includes
about 11,000 miles of riverbank, streambed, and shore-line improvement;
the construction of hundreds of miles of levees and retaining
walls; and the riprapping of millions of square yards of critical slopes
and shore lines. In addition, nearly 400 fish hatcheries have been
built, improved, or enlarged, and millions of bushels of oysters have
been planted to replenish depleted beds.
Nonconstruction Work
Nonconstruction activities of the WPA have been undertaken
with the primary purpose of providing jobs for unemployed women
and men with experience or training in other than construction fields
who were eligible for WPA employment. The work performed by
these persons on professional and service projects has extended substantially
the community services available to the American public.
A major WPA accomplishment in the field of public services has
been the provision of educational opportunities in two spheres outside
232
GUIDE FOR AVIATORS
One of 10,000 similar air markers constructed by WPA, these signs painted on
the roofs of buildings provide aviators with check points for contact navigation.
233
the usual scope of public-school systems—adult education and
nursery school activities. This work has been carried on under the
sponsorship of State departments of education, in order to assure its
integration with the regular school systems. Classes for persons
beyond school age offer a wide variety of instruction and in June 1940
had a total enrollment of approximately 860,000. In addition many
thousands of persons received art and music instruction and attended
lectures and forums. About 40,000 preschool children from lowincome
families were enrolled in 1,369 WPA nursery schools, where
they received an adequate noonday meal and other advantages that
they would not have had at home.
WPA literacy classes are directed toward the reduction of illiteracy
and the extension of educational opportunities to persons who lack
all but the most elementary education. In the naturalization classes
aliens are instructed in the principles of democratic government, the
responsibilities of citizenship, and the history of the United States,
in order to aid them in becoming citizens. Literacy and naturalization
classes, which had a total enrollment of almost 258,000 persons in
June 1940, are conducted both in the congested areas of large cities
where foreign-born persons are numerous, and in remote mountain
and rural areas where educational opportunities in the past have
been exceedingly limited.
Another important type of WPA adult education work is the
vocational training classes, in which about 189,000 persons were
enrolled in June 1940. These classes provide specialized training for
various occupations for both men and women.
Instruction in a wide variety of other subjects was made available
to nearly 399,000 persons in June 1940. Among these were subjects
related to home life and family relationships, such as diets, menu
planning, child care, home management, and home beautification.
The work also included health education classes with emphasis on
safety, first aid, and home hygiene, and classes in public affairs in
which such local problems as sanitation and the provision of public
recreational facilities are discussed. In addition to the thousands of
persons who attended these classes, some 15,000 persons in all parts
of the country were receiving instruction through WPA correspondence
courses in June 1940, and 29,000 institutionalized and handicapped
persons were receiving special instruction.
In another educational field—library work—project activities have
resulted in expansion of the library facilities available in many communities.
Project workers operated or assisted in the operation of
9,400 libraries during December 1939. Most of them were public
school or municipal libraries. Some were mobile units or “book-
234
PLAY—AND PLAY WELL
WPA has built many playgrounds, parks, and other recreational centers, such as
this boating lagoon in Chicago, and through programs of recreational instruction is
teaching thousands of children and adults to play, thus building a healthier nation.
274771—41----16
235
mobiles” operated for the benefit of rural or other communities that
are without adequate library facilities. Other library work completed
by the end of December 1939 included the renovation of some
67,000,000 volumes for public school and other libraries, and the
transcription of nearly 4,000,000 pages of Braille for the use of blind
readers. Visual aids to education, such as models, maps, and projection
slides, have been made by workers on museum extension projects,
and other project workers have helped museum staffs to classify and
index a wide variety of art, archeological, and historical material.
WPA recreation projects, carried on in nearly all States and
in three-fifths of the counties of the United States, have made a
considerable contribution to the public welfare by providing leadership
and supervision for public recreational activities. Through cooperation
with some 5,500 local recreation councils, leisure-time programs
have been organized for people of all ages. The programs include
nearly every sport and type of recreation, although they vary somewhat
with the section of the country and season of the year in which
they are undertaken.
Physical recreation has been most popular, in terms of hours of
participation, according to the results of surveys made in sample
winter and summer weeks. Ball games, gymnastics, snow and ice
sports, swimming and water sports, or other outdoor games in the
appropriate seasons have accounted for about two-fifths of the total
hours of participation in the recreation program. Indoor games,
dancing, and other kinds of social recreation have accounted for
approximately a third of the participant hours. Participation in
recreation having a cultural emphasis, which includes such activities
as art and craft work, play productions, puppet shows, and instrumental
and choral music, has been almost as great and has accounted
for about a fifth of the total number of hours. The remainder of the
program, which is relatively small in terms of participant hours, is
devoted to therapeutic recreation, carried on in hospitals, asylums,
and other institutions for dependent or handicapped persons and
delinquents, and to activities in children’s play centers.
Direct medical and health services for persons who could not otherwise
afford them have been furnished on a group of WPA projects
that employ many unemployed physicians, dentists, registered
nurses, and chemists. Usually these services are supplementary to
those provided by local health agencies, but often they are extended
into regions where such services are not otherwise available. WPA
doctors, dentists, and nurses assisted in the examination and treatment
of 243,000 children and adults in clinics and schools as well as
in homes during a 2-week period in January 1940. Workers on these
236
ONE SQUARE MEAL A DAY
The school-lunch program of Work Projects Administration puts one hot, nourishing
meal into the stomachs of thousands of needy school children each day.
237
projects also made about 83,000 tests (such as the Schick test for
susceptibility to diphtheria), and administered 17,000 immunizations
against diphtheria, typhoid fever, and other infectious diseases.
Also contributing greatly to the public welfare are the services
extended through housekeeping aide, school lunch, and sewing
projects. Through the end of December 1939 WPA housekeeping
aides had made about 17,000,000 visits to the homes of needy families,
where they gave temporary assistance in the housework and in the
care of the children while the mother or regular homemaker was ill,
or during other emergencies. At public schools WPA workers prepared
and served free hot lunches for needy children. Products of
WPA gardening and canning projects, surplus commodities, and food
donated by local sponsors are used for the lunches. From the beginning
of the program through December 1939, more than 384,000,000
lunches had been served, and during a typical month (March 1940)
children in 13,700 schools in all sections of the country received a
total of approximately 22,800,000 lunches.
Workers in WPA sewing rooms, most of whom are women, had
produced nearly 291,000,000 articles and garments by the end of
December 1939 for distribution to families aided through public
relief agencies and to public tax-supported institutions. Some of
the articles have been distributed to victims of hurricanes and floods.
Among the 223,000,000 garments produced were articles of wearing
apparel for men, women, and children. The other articles included
many types of household necessities such as sheets, pillow cases, and
towels, and hospital supplies, such as bed jackets and surgical dressings.
Left-over scraps of materials are often made into toys for use
in WPA nursery schools and for distribution to children in needy
families at Christmas time.
Physical measurements of the accomplishments of the WPA
employees engaged in the improvement of public records, in research
and survey projects, and in similar work is extremely difficult. Their
highly diversified research work has been undertaken to throw light
on many problems in the fields of unemployment, public health,
family incomes and expenditures, cost of living, and taxation. They
have also assisted in housing, engineering, and traffic surveys, social
welfare studies, and in the preparation of maps that are of considerable
importance for defense purposes. Still other WPA workers
have assisted in the installation or improvement of property appraisal
records, delinquent tax ledgers, records of vital statistics, and police
records.
238
PART THREE
Statistical tabulations of employment, Federal expenditures,
project costs, and physical accomplishments of the Federal Works
Agency and its constituent agencies; with organization charts and
lists of publications.
239
FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY
ORGANIZATION CHART
Federal Works
Agency
Public Roads Public Works United States Work Projects
Administration Administration Administration Authorify Administration
As of November 1, 1940
240
Appendix A
FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY
Reorganization Plan No. I
Prepared by the President and transmitted to the Senate and the House of
Representatives in Congress assembled, April 25, 1939, pursuant to the provisions
of the Reorganization Act of 1939, approved April 3, 1939. Effective
July 1, 1939.
Part 3. FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY
Sec. 301. Federal Works Agency.— (a) The Bureau of Public Roads in the
Department of Agriculture and its functions and personnel (including the Chief
thereof) are transferred from the Department of Agriculture; the Public Buildings
Branch of the Procurement Division in the Treasury Department and its functions
and personnel are transferred from the Treasury Department; the Branch of
Buildings Management of the National Park Service in the Department of the
Interior and its functions and personnel (except those relating to monuments and
memorials), and the functions of the National Park Service in the District of
Columbia in connection with the general assignment of space, the selection of
sites for public buildings, and the determination of the priority in which the construction
or enlargement of public buildings shall be undertaken, and the personnel
engaged exclusively in the administration of such functions, and the United
States Housing Authority in the Department of the Interior and its functions and
personnel (including the Administrator) are transferred from the Department of
the Interior; and all of these agencies and functions, together with the Federal
Emergency Administration of Public Works and its functions, and all of the Works
Progress Administration and its functions (except the National Youth Administration
and its functions) are hereby consolidated into one agency to be known
as the Federal Works Agency, with a Federal Works Administrator at the head
thereof. The Federal Works Administrator shall be appointed by the President,
by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and shall receive a salary at
the rate of $12,000 per annum. He shall have general direction and supervision
over the administration of the several agencies consolidated into the Federal
Works Agency by this section and shall be responsible for the coordination of
their functions.
(fe) The Federal Works Administrator shall appoint an Assistant Federal Works
Administrator, who shall receive a salary at the rate of $9,000 per annum, and he
may also appoint such other personnel and make such expenditures as may be
necessary.
(c) The Assistant Administrator shall act as Administrator during the absence
241
FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY
OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
ORGANIZATION CHART
Federal Works
Administrator
General Engineering Research Executive . ,
Counsel Management “ n)
15,450,540
3, 897,488
(1)
B. Rented buildings, leases approved
by PBA_______
C. Rented buildings, leased by
Post Office Department____
II. Total outside District of Columbia_______________
Outside of District of Columbia:
Exclusive of hospitals, quarantine
stations, military and naval
reservations, and departmental
service buildings:
A. Federal buildings, space assigned
by PBA_______________
B. Federal buildings, space assigned
by Post Office Department_________________________
C. Federal buildings, space assigned
by other Government
agencies______________________
D. Rented buildings.____________
$3,645,827
0)
3,651, 956
91,832
15, 444 116,650,000 18, 642,210 18,066 128,179,150 20,906, 761
127
2,782
35
12,500
5,000,000
48,900,000
950,000
61, 800,000 18,642, 210
136
3,055
30
14,845
5,235,600
52, 500,000
821,000
69,622, 550 20,906, 761
268
List of Publications of the
Public Buildings Administration
Weekly Work Bulletin—Public Buildings Administration. Periodic
summary of the status of PBA projects including acquisition of sites, announcement
of bid openings, contract awards, proceed notices, sale of surplus property,
new projects, and space moves within the District of Columbia.
Bulletin of Section of Fine Arts. Issued approximately six times a year.
Purpose is to announce the dates of open competitions for the comprehensive
Federal building decoration programs conducted by the Section of Fine Arts. It
specifies with plans and drawings the mural and sculptural spaces to be decorated,
the rules of the competition, the names of the judges, etc. It reports on
the results of competitions and generally discusses the progress of the contracts
sponsored by the Section of Fine Arts.
Monthly Status Report of Office of Supervising Architect. Statistical
statement of the status of Federal building projects by appropriation act under
which the projects were assigned.
269
FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY
PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION
ORGANIZATION CHART
Commissioner
of ----------------—--------------
Public Roads
Special
Committees Consultants
Control Research, Planning Highway Laws Road and Bridge Foreian
and Information and Contracts Design Construction Assignments
Highway Transport Services
Eastern Region Western Region
District Headquarters Regional Headquarters
4. St. Paul, Minn. San Francisco. Calif.
5. Omaha, Nebr. n- i • iu i 6. Fort Worth, Tex. District Headquarters
7. South Chicago, III. 1- Portland, Oreg.
8. Montgomery, Ala. 2. San Francisco, Calif.
9. Albany, N. Y. 3. Denver, Colo.
10. Washington, D. C. 11- Juneau, Alaska
14. Spartanburg, S. C. 12. Ogden, Utah
Puerto Rico Hawaii
Forest and Park Roads
Washington, D. C.
Research Laboratory
Washington, D. C.
As of November 1, 1940
270
Appendix C
PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION
TABLE 1. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Average number1 of persons
employed on road construction projects in which PRA participated,
United States and Territories, by month, July 1933-June 1940
Year and month Number
1933
July____________________________________ 129, 205
August __ ___ _ _ _ _____ _ ____ 111,211
September-. ______ _ _______ _ __ U5i 047
October.,-______ _ _ ___ 15< 016
November__ _____ _ _____________ 185, 860
December______________________________ 174, 358
1934
January________________________________ 154,154
February., __ _ __ _ _ __ ____ 156, 814
March ________ ___________________ 144', 053
April.. ____ _______ 187, 657
May. _________ _ ____ __ 271,972
June__ __ _ _ ____ _________ __ 336,414
July____________________________________ 335, 223
August________ __ ___ _____ __ 297; 224
September __ _ _ _______ 247, 880
October _______ _ _ __ __ 210, 079
November __ __ _ _ ________ _ _____ 201,046
December______ _ __ _________ 147; 101
1935
January_______ _ _ _ __ _ __ ______ ■ 96,594
February________ __ __ __ __________ _ 811 257
March____ ___ __ _ ______ _ __ 90,999
April _ __ _ _ _________ 123,063
May______ _ _ _______ ___________ 1671 535
June ________ _______ ____ _ 193, 263
July ____________________ _ _______ 191,041
August .. __ __ _ _ ______ 178, 756
September. ________ _ _ _ _______ 143,455
October___ _________ _____________ 135; 660
November___ __ _ __________ 118, 898
December _ ______ _ ______ _______ 103i 493
1936
January ___ ________ ________ _____ 82, 731
February____ __ _ __ _____ ______ 70, 418
March__ ___ __ _____ 86, 050
April.. __ __ ____________ _____ ___ 132, 834
May____________ __ __ __________ 193, 269
June__ ______ __ _ _ __________ 237; 330
July____________________________________ 249,271
August . _ ___ _ _________ _____ 247; 841
September _____ ________ _____ 227,916
October __ _____ 206,113
November_______ _____ ___ _ _ 172i 295
December____________________________ . 128, 314
Year and month Number
1937
January_____ _______ _ _ __ _ 76, 829
February .. ______ _ ________________ 57, 844
March_____ __ __________________ 69, 946
April________ ___ ______ __ __ _ 88,361
May. _ _ __ _____ 122, 655
June.. _ _ _ ___________________ 145,375
July____________________________________ 159,489
August _ _ _ _ _______ 163, 331
September _____ ____ ______ ____ 152,784
October_____ _ _ ___________ _ 143, 617
November ._ ____________ _ __ _ 1211 394
December _ _____ _ _________ 85, 365
1938
January___ ___________ ______ ________ 54, 899
February____ _ ________ _____ __ 49i 713
March. _______ _______ _______ 51, 229
April. ______ _____ ________ _______ 67' 829
May____ ... __ ______ _ _ 98.179
June.. _ __ ____ 114, 373
July___ ______________ __ ___ __ ___ 123,038
August__ __ _ __ _ _____ . __ 126, 860
September______ ______________ __ ___ 132,390
October. _ _______ ________________ 129; 270
November____________ ____ ___ ____ U0; 073
December _ __ _ _______ 82, 268
1939
January _ ___ _ _ __ ________________ 57, 554
February _ . ___ ___ ___ _ _ 46, 804
March _ __ __________________ _ _ 47; 559
April. ___ _____________ __________ 65,517
May _ _ ______ _____________________ 89,108
June _ . _ ______ __ . _ _ 110, 566
July____________________________________ 118, 300
August _ _ ___ _______________ 119, 202
September _ ______ _________ __ 117', 088
October __________ __ ____ _ - 104,652
November _____ ____ __ _______ 89, 228
December __ ____ _. ________ _ 62, 779
1940
January, _____________ ___ ______ _ 26, 458
February _ _ ________ __ ___ 27, 455
March . __________ __ 37, 792
April ______ _________ _ _________ __ 60,815
May _ _ ______________________ _____ 83, 507
June ._ _______ ____________ 96, 370
1 Average number of persons employed is computed as the mean of the weekly pay-roll counts made
during the calendar month.
271
TABLE 2. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Average number of persons
employed on PRA and State highway construction and maintenance,
United States and Territories, by month, July 1933-June 1940
Year and month Number Year and month Number
1933 1937
July__________ 332, 277 January 210 027
August_______. 329,813 February 190, 336
September. __ 337,973 March 200, 794
October______ 384,029 April 226^ 286
November. _ 420,069 May 299; 063
December ..... _ 362,031 June 313,149
1934 July_______... ____ _______ _____... _ . 334, 536
January...____ 315,989 August 351,853
February _____ 306,090 September 346. 444
March___ 296, 265 October 330. 942
April_________ 345, 278 November 314, 067
May___ _ . 466,504 December 255, 530
June_______ . 545,013
1938
July___________ 549,203 January 196, 858
August______ .. .. 531,034 February 177,675
September... . 498,151 March 179, 420
October _. 450,322 April 213.802
November 426, 603 May 272, 316
December____ 323, 700 June 294, 240
1935 July__________________________________ 322, 508
January________ 240,414 August 323, 650
February ____ 22i; 406 September 337, 638
March_____ 217, 539 October 350, 090
April_____ .. . 282,740 November 34i; 832
May_____ 331, 000 December 266, 629
June_____ 362, 339
1939
July_____________ 375, 442 January 200, 999
August________ .. . 382, 846 February 176; 079
September.. 340,073 March.. .. _______ ________ ______ 169,155
October____ 323, 374 April 187, 523
November . 290, 523 May 220,923
December. . . 252. 229 June 252,316
1936 July____________________________________ 264,502
January___ ____ 202, 884 August 274,949
Feburary ... 200,451 September 277, 703
March_____ . 227' 586 October . .. 262, 760
April____________ 287^ 478 N ovember 227,233
May____ ____________ 374,191 December 185, 661
June_________ 423^ 466
1940
July____________________________ 435,971 January. __ _ __ ... .. 145, 707
August. ..... .. 433; 533 February . . ___________________ _ 163. 592
September_____ _ ___ _ 414, 147 March 164, 726
October__________________ . .... 389, 966 April____________ _____________________ 205,164
November _ _ ... 353, 971 May. . ... ... . ________________ 255,044
December______________________________ 288,248 June____________ _________________x____ 286,100
272
TABLE 3. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—A verage number' of
persons employed on PRA and State highway construction and maintenance,
United States and Territories, by program and by month, for
fiscal year ending June 30, 1940
Year and month
Total
construction
and
maintenance
Construction programs
Road
maintenance
by
State
highway
departments
Total
Federal
programs
Regular
Federalaid
programs
Federal
forests,
parks,
lands, and
floodrelief
Federal
work
programs
State
highways
with State
funds
only
1939
July-------------------------------- 264, 502 118, 300 90, 279 6. 774 21,247 20, 045 126,157
August..____ ___________ 274, 949 119, 202 92,871 6, 525 19, 806 23, 586 132,161
September______________ 277, 703 117,088 93,131 6, 383 17, 574 25, 780 134, 835
October_________________ 262, 760 104, 652 85, 628 6, 289 12,735 29, 252 128, 856
November_________ . 227,233 89. 228 74, 534 5, 344 9,350 23, 588 114, 417
December_______________ 185, 661 62, 779 53, 019 4,234 5, 526 19, 066 103, 816
1940
January________________ 145, 707 26, 458 23,310 1,967 1,181 16, 502 102, 747
February_______________ 163, 592 27,455 24, 970 1,634 851 15,812 120,325
March_________________ 164, 726 37, 792 34, 018 2, 374 1,400 22, 625 104,309
April____________________ 205,164 60, 815 53, 769 4, 765 2, 281 32, 911 111, 438
May____________________ 255, 044 83. 507 73, 563 7,164 2, 780 47, 345 124,192
June____________________ 286,100 96, 370 85, 965 7,475 2,930 55, 679 134,051
For footnote, see PRA table 1.
273
TABLE 4. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—A verage number' of
persons employed on road construction projects in which PRA participated,
United States and Territories, by month and by State, for
fiscal year ending June 30, 1940
State or Territory
1939
July August September October November December
Total__________________ 118,300 119, 202 117,088 104, 652 89,228 62, 779
Alabama______________ .. .. 3,714 3, 825 3,205 2,982 2,28*8 1,511
Arizona______________________ '969 '948 1(091 1(091 1(087 1,025
Arkansas____ ______. ________ 2, 017 1,697 1,258 839 743 736
California._______ ____ __ __ 2,921 2, 800 2,419 1,966 1,855 1,851
Colorado____________________ 2, 598 2, 629 2( 551 2,314 1(664 1,114
Connecticut_______ _________ 1, 267 1,353 1,386 1,161 1,235 820
Delaware____________________ 14 96 '294 ' 149 33 49
District of Columbia_________ 99 279 233 475 359 465
Florida . . ____________ ____ 1,897 1, 693 1,306 1,325 1,406 1, 264
Georgia ______________ _ 4, 914 4( 421 4( 528 4,117 3(162 2(147
Idaho_____ ______ _ 1,145 1,127 1,258 1,284 1,079 751
Illinois______________ ______ 5,236 4( 950 4( 881 4, 661 4,568 3, 667
Indiana... _ __ _____ 1(860 2( 336 2( 397 2, 430 2( 037 1,474
Iowa _ __________________ 2,814 2,807 2, 399 2,689 1,870 1,367
Kansas____ ______________ . . 1(486 1,128 1,274 1(623 1(418 1(003
Kentucky______. . _________ 1,859 1, 959 2,398 2,443 2,137 1,391
Louisiana __ ___________ 1( 609 1( 482 1( 345 1,218 1,427 1,462
Maine _ _______ ___ 1,579 1( 560 1(930 1(748 1( 112 364
Maryland. ____ ____ 1( 179 1( 103 ' 887 '783 680 635
Massachusetts_______________ 1(424 1( 055 724 452 425 288
Michigan. __________________ 4,395 3,842 4,374 4,011 3,823 2, 437
Minnesota ____ .... .. 4( 208 4( 718 4( 150 3,157 2,468 1,183
Mississippi____ _ _________ . 7, 561 7, 827 7(845 7, 447 6,805 4,608
Missouri_____________________ 2(923 3( 506 2(897 2,633 2, 594 1,916
Montana____ .. .. ... 1,627 1, 754 2,129 1,433 850 757
Nebraska____ . . .. .. 1,599 1,453 1,855 2,089 1,550 859
Nevada.. ... . . ' 487 '371 '481 '614 ' 581 442
New Hampshire ________ . 586 755 925 976 714 329
New Jersey _ . ___________ 1,343 1,275 1,363 1,249 1,161 879
New Mexico___ .. .. -______ ' 954 1(066 ' 764 477 405 465
New York .. _________ 4,126 4, 637 4,853 4,928 3,910 2,588
North Carolina. ... 4,838 4, 646 4( 381 3,992 3,331 2, 620
North Dakota ______ .. 1,018 1,242 1( 573 1,346 877 217
Ohio ...__ _______ . 4,439 4( 988 4, 824 4,093 3,222 1,702
Oklahoma . _. ______ .. . 289 ' 489 1( 192 1,482 1,298 1,087
Oregon___ ___ _______ . 1,993 2,197 2,057 1,740 1,588 1,218
Pennsylvania . _______ 6, 219 5( 959 4,889 4,047 3, 282 1,877
Rhode Island.. ____________ 491 ' 351 ' 399 193 401 118
South Carolina _._______ 2,422 2,215 1, 593 1,222 872 978
South Dakota______________ '800 '863 1( 171 893 639 329
Tennessee__________ ________ 2,389 2, 603 2,939 2,155 1, 790 1, 111
Texas . ____ 9,899 9,314 8,049 6, 233 6,641 4,714
Utah _______________________ 1( 129 1(133 947 771 602 664
Vermont . _________ . 523 486 "451 516 347 386
Virginia___ __ _ _________ 3, 083 3,091 3,244 3, 305 2,784 1,930
Washington ___ __ . __ 1, 724 1,310 2,011 1,377 1,031 604
West Virginia______ ...__ 2,116 2,409 2,024 1,640 1,310 736
Wisconsin.. ________ . __ 1,847 2,403 2, 614 2,107 1,359 541
Wyoming___________ _ 1, 296 1,442 1,269 854 593 425
Alaska . . ________ _ 46 63 54 62 46 58
Hawaii ___________ 409 497 513 466
Puerto Rico_________________ 1, 329 1,546 1,598 1,363 1,256 1,151
For footnote, see PRA table 1.
274
TABLE 4. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—A verage number1 of
persons employed on road construction projects in which PRA participated,
United States and Territories, by month and by State, for
fiscal year ending June 30, 1940—Continued
State or Territory
1940
January February March April May June
Total__________________ 26, 458 27, 455 37, 792 60, 815 83, 507 96, 370
Alabama_____ . 814
652
573
1,424
385
216
69
38
1,104
906
77
454
190
352
182
284
900
43
356
82
459
211
1,525
228
234
139
238
33
295
549
769
1,3785
348
393
621
417
69
688
100
528
4,484
283
107
566
493
198
105
180
46
475
1.193
827
622
661
1,436
286
136
54
21
1,135
675
71
584
216
366
408
307
802
16
196
61
488
200
1,283
311
163
224
238
35
277
504
537
1,480
1
439
668
624
306
42
921
93
501
5, 735
149
62
578
574
212
79
205
35
404
1,207
1,383
622
987
1,842
330
165
72
338
1,281
978
176
859
335
314
940
425
1, 065
1,930
642
1,238
2, 545
600
718
174
663
1,343
1,683
368
2,128
924
1,686
1,862
812
1,237
71
587
333
1,401
447
3, 234
1, 533
933
1,681
444
105
740
1,104
1,171
2, 824
162
1,887
1,329
1,015
1,975
230
1,669
530
1,243
6, 251
500
140
2, 386
975
652
185
874
111
296
1,244
2, 279
750
1,185
3,152
897
1,108
263
472
1,251
2,136
515
3, 223
1, 553
2, 475
1,756
1,369
1,282
419
744
713
2, 796
1,439
4, 300
2,308
1,620
2,345
441
338
1.130
1,198
2,976
3, 443
577
3. 552
1,278
1,405
4,348
340
1,937
1,147
2,387
5,811
560
522
2,885
1,133
777
465
1,117
150
206
1,034
2, 531
775
1,361
3, 500
1,091
1,330
325
171
1,438
2, 242
688
3, 769
2,146
2,950
2, 016
2,170
1,144
798
895
867
3,979
2, 367
4, 281
3, 805
1,739
2,608
502
539
1,245
1,112
4,270
3,449
935
4, 569
1,083
1,805
5,166
371
2,255
1,301
1,925
5, 059
616
725
2,987
1,318
789
912
1,195
153
159
944
Arizona . ... .
Arkansas____ ... _
California____ _____ ____...
Colorado____ ...
Connecticut_____ ______ ...
Delaware __ _.
District of Columbia_________
Florida________ _ .
Georgia__________ .
Idaho... .______ . .
Illinois______ ____ _ ... . .
Indiana____
Iowa____________
Kansas________________
Kentucky_______ . _
Louisiana___ .. ... _
Maine_______________________
Maryland_____ 340
77
726
147
2,132
658
302
641
300
22
391
750
369
2,125
3
753
1, 047
731
452
71
1.373
53
818
6,870
280
18
1,240
651
336
90
355
39
343
1,177
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan. .. ._
Minnesota. ___ . .
Mississippi__ __ _. _______
Missouri."________
Montana_______ ...
Nebraska____________________
Nevada. . . . ....
New Hampshire. ... ____
New Jersey______ . _______
New Mexico. ______ ______
New York___________________
North Carolina______________
North Dakota. _ ___ ____
Ohio.. ___
Oklahoma___________________
Oregon______________________
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode Island _______ .
South Carolina___ _________
South Dakota____ ...____ _
Tennessee______________
Texas____ _______ _________
Utah_____________
Vermont____ ... .
Virginia____ ____________
Washington_________________
West Virginia__________
Wisconsin_______________
Wyoming_____ .. ______ ...
Alaska ... . . ... ...
Hawaii________ ______
Puerto Rico
For footnote, see PRA table 1.
275
TABLE 5. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Hours worked, earnings
of workers, and average hourly earnings on road construction
projects in which PRA participated, by State, for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1940
State or Territory Hours
worked Earnings
Average
hourly
earnings
Total____128,849,265 $79,487, 258 $0.62
Alabama______ 3. 593, 503 1, 595, 768 .44
Arizona_________ 1,494,376 1, 288, 273 .86
Arkansas 1,923,618 802.382 .42
California______ 3, 827, 823 3,441,951 .90
Colorado________ 2,312,942 1,761,636 . 76
Connecticut___ 1, 513,774 1,118, 307 .74
Delaware .__ 198,033 105, 858 .53
Dist. of Col. .. . 329,385 245,211 .74
Florida... ... 2,399, 753 1,098, 555 .46
Georgia . 4, 246, 756 1, 668,428 .39
Idaho.. ________ 1, 215,331 919, 391 .76
Illinois__________ 4, 581,152 4, 436,162 .97
Indiana _ _______ 2,470, 633 1,815,485 .73
Iowa . 2,960,366 1,843', 419 .62
Kansas. . 2,077,923 1,155,151 .56
Kentucky_______ 2, 560, 323 1, 381,488 .54
Louisiana_______ 2, 220,249 1, 241, 586 .56
Maine___ __ .. 1,459, 571 793, 674 .54
Maryland___ ___ 1, 221, 833 658, 881 .54
Massachusetts... 822,623 660,833 .80
Michigan_______ 4,474,758 3,034,839 .68
Minnesota___ __ 2, 913,183 2, 305,636 .79
Mississippi_____ 7,843,804 3, 304,824 .42
Missouri________ 3, 400, 397 2,061,803 .61
Montana_______ 1,840,609 1, 732,779 .94
State or Territory Hours
worked Earnings
Average
hourly
earnings
Nebraska_______ 2, 568, 740 $1,364,217 $0. 53
Nevada___ ______ 762,670 664, 266 .87
New Hampshire. 840,450 470, 695 .56
New Jersev_____ 1. 559, 615 1,236,943 .79
New Mexico____ 1,365, 753 912, 701 .67
New York_____ 4,795, 729 3, 619,198 .75
North Carolina.- 5,920, 589 2,395, 557 .40
North Dakota. . 986, 789 654,447 .66
Ohio___________ 4, 319, 880 3,353,358 .78
Oklahoma______ 1,531, 630 892, 708 .58
Oregon_________ 2, 417, 707 2,018, 354 .83
Pennsylvania___ 5, 337, 570 3,411,339 .64
Rhode Island___ 430, 312 332, 748 .77
South Carolina.. 2, 588, 752 1,041, 697 .40
South Dakota__ 1,131, 350 677, 929 .60
Tennessee_______ 2,855,801 1, 358, 406 .48
Texas_______ ... 10, 336, 566 5, 638,192 .55
Utah _ _ _____ 1,110,304 778,478 .70
Vermont________ 664, 609 368,079 .55
Virginia _____ 4, 289,966 1,887, 617 .44
Washington____ 1, 709,659 1, 754, 581 1.03
West Virginia___ 1, 785, 310 949,157 .53
Wisconsin _ ___ 1,655,435 1,341,227 .81
W yoming_______ 1,404, 367 1,059, 661 .75
Alaska ... 139,117 128,338 .92
Hawaii_________ 570, 965 347, 284 .61
Puerto Rico____ 1,866, 912 357, 761 .19
276
TABLE 6. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Funds1 available for
programmed projects and allotments approved by PRA, by State, during
fiscal year ending June 30, 1940
State or Territory
Balances
available at
beginning of
year
Additional
funds made
available1 2
Allotments
to projects
approved3
Balances
available at
end of year 4
Total___________________________________ $228,180,129 $156,000,000 $169,118, 552 $215,061,577
Alabama____________________ .________________ 4, 784, 235 3, 280,099 3, 814,389 4, 249,945
Arizona_______________________________________ 2,480,310 2,042, 306 2,139, 645 2,382,971
Arkansas______________________________________ 3,484,522 2, 720,217 3,897,807 2,306,932
California . _ . _________ ___ ________. 6,461,228 6, 048,689 7,082,095 5 427, 822
Colorado______________________________________ 3, 669,207 2, 727,881 2, 243, 795 4,153, 293
Connecticut___________________________________ 2, 569,489 1,061,038 1,635,092 1, 995,435
Delaware __ ____ .._____ ____. 1, 826, 562 780, 000 742, 240 1 864,322
District of Columbia__________________________ 540,061 780,000 698, 469 621, 592
Florida .. _____ __________________ 4, 634,992 2,167,287 2,369 162 4,433,117
Georgia. .. ___ ___ _ ____ _____________ 10, 597,651 3, 995,118 4,890,852 9, 701,917
Idaho.. _____________ _ _ . . 2, 461,897 1,837,110 1, 620,678 2 678 329
Illinois___ _ _____________ ...... 6,675,036 6, 802,015 6,777,325 6’ 699 726
Indiana_______________________________________ 3,931,142 3,911,053 3,257,231 4, 584,964
Iowa.. ___ _ _______ . _ 4, 565, 644 4,114, 562 5, 782, 732 2 897,474
Kansas. ... . __ ______ ______ _______ 6, 708,199 4,122, 209 4,140,129 6 690,279
Kentucky_________________ 4 551,473 2,900,475 3,359 592 4 092 356
Louisiana. . __ ________ ______ 4, 337,024 2,332, 675 2, 500,875 4,168,824
Maine________________________________________ 674.468 L 335; 906 1,033; 677 976, 697
Maryland.. _____ __ ... 3, 378,493 1,367,490 2, 043,487 2, 702 496
Massachusetts________________________________ 5,40R 815 2,397,135 2,139,681 5,659, 269
Michigan ____ . .. ___ 6, 200, 559 4, 888,128 7, 541,690 3, 546,997
Minnesota________ ________________ 6i 568^ 130 4, 289,428 4,472,222 6', 385', 336
Mississippi____________________________________ 4, 008,922 2, 745, 854 3, 266,312 4,088,464
Missouri ____________ _____ .. . 7,477, 796 4, 768,365 4,957, 780 7,288 381
Montana____ . ___________ .. . 5; 63L 564 3,031,660 3, 500,069 5,163,155
Nebraska______ _ ___ _______________ 4,096, 505 3,154, 631 3,059,329 4,191,807
Nevada____ _ ____ ... ____ . ...____ i; 909', 056 1, 799,026 2, 326, 010 1,382,072
New Hampshire_______________ ___ L 452; 872 ' 780; 000 ' 697; 112 L 535; 760
New Jersey_____ ... _________________________ 4, 244,766 2, 303, 848 2, 601, 774 3,946,840
New Mexico__________________________________ 2; 463; 814 2,332,948 2,312,898 2, 483, 864
New York _______________________ __________ 10,059,884 8,299, 635 10,970,635 7, 388,884
North Carolina_______________________________ 3; 476; 489 3; 775,397 3; 362; 000 3, 889,886
North Dakota____ ____________________ _ . 4, 738,020 2,446,151 2,130, 515 5,053,656
Ohio _ ________ . . 12; 766; 908 5; 905; 107 9,107,646 9 564,369
Oklahoma_____________________________________ 7,112,480 3,705, 207 3, 789, 297 7,028, 390
Oregon. ... _ .. __ _ ________ 2,872,098 2,466,018 2,979,965 2, 358,151
Pennsylvania.. ____ _______ ______ 11, 243,458 7,177,342 9,401,993 9,018, 807
Rhode Island______ ________ _________... . i; 360', 378 ' 780; 000 953,020 1,187,358
South Carolina . . . . _____ 3; 795; 720 2,172; 330 2,04i; 726 3; 926', 324
South Dakota ...__ _ __ _________ __ .. 5; 604; 718 2,49L 579 2,246,991 5,852, 306
Tennessee______ ___ ___ ____________. 7,099, 323 3, 263, 228 3,115,608 7,246,943
Texas ___ __ . 10; 938; 683 9; 728; 530 9,075,393 11 591,820
Utah.. . _______ __ _ 1, 503,172 1, 656, 784 1,490,703 1,669, 253
Vermont______________________________________ i; 035; 031 780,000 1,175,126 639,905
Virginia.._ ____ _______ ____ . ______ 2, 474,100 2, 916, 341 1, 290,927 4,099, 514
Washington... __ _____ ._ .. __ __ . 1,886,067 2, 495, 370 2, 262, 539 2,118,898
West Virginia _ __ _ . . ___ ______ . . _ 3; 851, 207 i; 799', 715 1,961,013 3,689,909
Wisconsin_____________________________________ 3, 648, 882 3; 858; 056 L 776; 233 5, 730, 705
Wyoming____________________________________ 1, 691,631 1, 825,100 2,001,493 1, 515, 238
Hawaii________________________________________ 1,643,163 780, 000 489, 573 1, 933, 590
Puerto Rico___________________________________ 991, 285 857,957 592,007 1,257,235
1 Does not include Federal funds to be used for construction in national forests, national parks, or other
Federal reservations.
2 For detail by type of project, see PRA table 7.
3 For corresponding estimated total cost, see PR A table 8.
4 For detail by program and by type of project, see PRA table 13.
277
TABLE 7. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Apportionment of Federal-
aid funds for highways, secondary roads, and grade-crossing
elimination, by State, for fiscal year ending June 30, 1941
State or Territory Total Highways Secondary
roads
Grade
crossings
Total____________________________________ $156,000,000 $112,125.000 $14, 625,000 $29, 250,000
Alabama____ . _ ____ 3, 280,099 2,380,349 310, 480 589, 270
Arizona __ ...... 2,042,306 1, 637,140 213 540 191,626
Arkansas_____ . . . ___ __________ 2, 720, 217 1,955,081 255, 011 510,125
California . . _ . _____ . _ _ 6,048, 689 4, 367, 576 569, 684 1,111,429
Colorado. . ......_____ . ______ 2, 727, 881 2; 080,133 271,322 376, 426
Connecticut___ ..... .. ____ ____ 1,061,038 718, 741 93, 749 248, 548
Delaware _ __ ___ _ _ 780,000 560,625 73,125 146,250
District of Columbia . _______ ________ 780, 000 560,625 73,125 146, 250
Florida. .. ...... ... ________ _ ___ 2,167', 287 1, 548,961 202,038 416, 288
Georgia . . . . . ________ _ ____ ____ 3,995,118 2,885,623 376,386 733,109
Idaho____ ..... _______ . . . _______ ___ 1,837,110 1,410, 297 183,952 242, 861
Illinois . ..... ________ _______ 6,802,015 4,650, 696 606,612 1, 544, 707
Indiana __ ____ ... __ 3. 911,053 2, 788,741 363, 749 758, 563
Iowa ..... __ ____ ________ . . 4,114, 562 2, 915,122 380, 233 819, 207
Kansas . . ....____ ______ ______ 4.122, 209 2,977,130 388, 321 756, 758
Kentucky___ _____________ ________________ 2, 900,475 2,093,355 273, 046 534,074
Louisiana . _ __ _________.. 2,332, 675 1, 652,720 215, 572 464, 383
Maine __ ... _____ . .... 1,335,906 1,002,926 130,816 202,164
Maryland_______ _______ _ . _ ------------------- 1, 367, 490 944, 288 123,168 300,034
Massachusetts ......_______ ____ 2, 397,135 1, 580, 826 206,195 610, 114
Michigan__ __ _______ . . ____ 4, 888,128 3,465, 694 452, 047 970, 387
Minnesota_____ __ . ....... __ 4, 289, 428 3,101, 454 404, 538 783,436
Mississippi ........ 2, 745, 854 2, 017, 658 263,173 465, 023
Missouri .......__ _____ . __ 4, 768, 365 3, 430,445 447, 449 890,471
Montana_________ ____________________________ 3,031,660 2, 330, 932 304,035 396, 693
Nebraska___________ ______________ . ... 3,154, 631 2,328,436 303,709 522,486
Nevada__ . __________ 1,799,026 1,462,071 190,705 146,250
New Hampshire_______ ... ____ ' 780,000 560,625 73,125 146, 250
New Jersey____ __ ______________ . . 2, 303, 848 1, 520, 740 198, 357 584,751
New Mexico __ __ . _______ . .. _____ 2, 332, 948 1,843, 554 240,464 248,930
New York __________ . . 8, 299, 635 5, 572,118 726, 798 2,000, 719
North Carolina ____ ..... 3,775,397 2, 672,689 348, 612 754,096
North Dakota .. __ ... . _.. ... 2,446,151 1,755, 204 228, 940 462,007
Ohio... __________________________________ 5,905,107 4,118,378 537,180 1, 249, 549
Oklahoma_____________________________________ 3,705, 207 2,671, 591 348,468 685,148
Oregon ..... __ ....... 2,466.018 1,884,937 245.861 335, 220
Pennsvlvania ____ _ ... __ .... 7,177', 342 4, 853, 536 633,070 1,690,736
Rhode Island .. __ . __ _______ .. .... 780, 000 560, 625 73,125 146, 250
South Carolina ... __ 2,172, 330 1,528,126 199,321 444,883
South Dakota_________________________________ 2,494, 579 1,851, 590 241, 512 401,477
Tennessee... . . ..___ _______ _______ 3, 263, 228 2, 391, 758 311,968 559, 502
Texas . ...... .. ____ 9, 728, 530 7,163, 707 934,397 1, 630, 426
Utah _________ ____________________________ 1.656,784 1, 294, 360 168,829 193, 595
Vermont__ __ __ .__ ___________ .. ' 780,000 560,625 73,125 146, 250
Virginia . . 2,916, 341 2,085, 702 272,048 558, 591
Washington . . _____________ . . _ ______ 2,495,370 1, 809,062 235, 965 450, 343
West Virginia._ . . _______ .. .. ______ . 1, 799, 715 1, 245, 713 162, 484 391,518
Wisconsin_____________ ... ______ .. 3, 858,056 2, 771,243 361,466 725, 347
Wyoming_________ . _________ ____ . . 1,825,100 1,440,222 187, 855 197,023
Hawaii __ _ ______________ _ __ 780,000 560,625 73,125 146,250
Puerto Rico___________________________________ 857, 957 560,625 73,125 224, 207
278
TABLE 8. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Estimated total cost
of projects and Federal funds 1 allotted by States to projects approved
by PRA, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940
State or Territory Estimated
total cost Federal funds State or Territory Estimated
total cost Federal funds
Total__________
Alabama____________
Arizona_____________
Arkansas____________
California___________
Colorado____________
Connecticut...................
Delaware____________
District of Columbia-
Florida______________
Georgia______________
Idaho________________
Illinois______________
Indiana______________
Iowa________________
Kansas______________
Kentucky___________
Louisiana____________
Maine_______________
Maryland___________
Massachusetts_______
Michigan____________
Minnesota___________
Mississippi__________
Missouri____________
Montana____________
$307, 559,054
7, 381, 208
3,232, 464
6,881,072
13,941,207
4,180,080
2, 732,028
1,398,056
1, 320, 389
4, 514, 738
9, 366,027
2, 758,915
13, 200,852
6,145,786
10,957, 478
7,844,044
5, 806,971
4,179, 508
1,975, 647
4,075,109
3,852, 995
13, 276, 306
7,953,072
6, 544,467
9, 557,755
6,037,451
$169,118, 552
3,814, 389
2,139, 645
3,897,807
7,082,095
2,243,795
1, 635,092
742,240
698, 469
2, 369,162
4,890,852
1, 620, 678
6, 777,325
3, 257, 231
5, 782,732
4,140,129
3, 359, 592
2, 500,875
1,033,677
2,043,487
2,139, 681
7, 541, 690
4, 472,222
3, 266, 312
4,957. 780
3, 500,069
Nebraska____________
Nevada______________
New Hampshire_____
New Jersey__________
New Mexico.________
New York___________
North Carolina______
North Dakota_______
Ohio_________________
Oklahoma___________
Oregon______________
Pennsylvania________
Rhode Island________
South Carolina______
South Dakota_______
Tennessee___________
Texas________________
Utah.................... ............
Vermont____________
Virginia_____________
Washington_________
West Virginia_______
Wisconsin___________
Wyoming___________
Hawaii______________
Puerto Rico_________
$6,296,410
2, 753, 344
1,499, 369
4, 482,898
3, 639,127
19, 544,845
5,897,932
3,933,967
16,838, 558
6, 400, 595
5,028,009
17,952,093
1,802,189
3,975, 629
3, 616,252
6,155,040
16,034,926
2,115,795
2, 351, 766
2,821,986
3, 705, 654
3,941,703
2,968,899
2, 795,989
804,867
1,087, 587
$3,059, 329
2, 326,010
697,112
2,601, 774
2, 312,898
10,970, 635
3,362,000
2,130, 515
9,107,646
3,789, 297
2,979,965
9, 401, 993
953,020
2,041,726
2,246,991
3,115, 608
9,075, 393
1,490, 703
1,175,126
1,290,927
2, 262, 539
1, 961,013
1,776,233
2,001,493
489, 573
592,007
' Does not include Federal funds to be used for construction in national forests, national parks, or other
Federal reservations.
279
TABLE 9. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Federal funds paid to
States by PRA during fiscal year ending June 30, 1940, by program
and by State
State or Territory Total
Regular Federal-aid program Works program
Public
works
Highways Secondary 1934-35
roads
Grade
crossings Highways Grade
crossings
Total_____$160, 404, 784 $100, 209, 398 $17,978, 298 $28,857, 946 $3, 230,029 $8,441,206 $1, 687,907
Alabama--------------- 3, 248, 401 2, 307, 829 224,995 495, 790 11,809 177,036 30, 942
Arizona___________ 2, 527, 095 1,854,440 332,120 311,456 185 22, 744 6,150
Arkansas__________ 4,103, 366 2, 610, 732 726,975 613,910 16,322 125,927 9,500
California-------------- 5, 325, 003 3, 214, 413 553, 727 1, 382, 843 41,888 107,880 24, 252
Colorado------------ - 3, 504,064 2,172,462 528,101 393, 245 343, 518 66. 738—
Connecticut_______ 1, 241,873 773,882 86, 364 155, 613 88, 506 126, 618 10,890
Delaware_________ 608,672 478, 262 68, 311 16,441 22,167 23, 491—
District of Columbia----------------------
660,459 333, 591 55, 700 271,168
Florida___________ 2,312,860 1, 605,132 216, 008 312,888 136,691 42,141
Georgia___________ 3,494, 086 2,159, 554 103,379 503, 734 130,387 472,019 125, 013
Idaho_____________ 1,813,121 1, 240, 857 248, 681 257,892 21,512 13. 561 30, 618
Illinois____________ 8, 448, 265 5, 205,011 847,849 1, 975,026 48,812 292,411 79,156
Indiana. _-------------- 3,715, 546 2, 551,885 400, 454 442,693 61,650 239,791 19, 073
Iowa______________ 3,236, 295 2,304, 054 414, 381 297,769
10,132
220, 091
Kansas____________ 2,830, 735 1,798, 306 258,853 754, 333 9, 111—
Kentucky_________ 2, 944, 916 1, 566, 988 394,777 767,948 14,977 194,373 5,853
Louisiana_________ 2, 750,320 1, 707,801 326, 278 477, 355 59, 625 166,757 12,504
Maine____ _______ 1, 476, 666 892, 947 275, 324 237, 691 20, 547 50.157
Maryland_________ 1, 644, 306 802,134 101, 464 149,604 254, 528 287, 296 49. 280
Massachusetts____ 1,806,924 833,821 189, 691 285, 522 185,162 250,479 62. 249
Michigan_________ 4, 267, 757 2, 345,158 688,422 1, 004, 287 57,350 172, 540
Minnesota________ 3,638,858 2,185, 001 331,018 814,228 77,167 177,942 53, 502
Mississippi________ 3,139, 089 2,003, 254 391,459 491,657 33, 564 188,460 30,695
Missouri__________ 4,437,082 2,322,116 564,997 1, 206, 369
47,199
92, 333 251, 26
Montana__________ 3, 667,953 2,463, 317 573, 823 424, 705 137, 288 21,621
Nebraska_________ 3, 294, 323 1,963, 641 440, 584 632, 772 12, 689 238, 456 6,181
Nevada___________ 1, 626, 228 1, 282,425 196, 594 127, 264
6,385
19,945
New Hampshire... 758,910 546,937 57,972 114, 288 33, 328
New Jersey_______ 2,883, 783 1, 559, 796 245,896 653, 928 114, 835 217, 776 91, 552
New Mexico______ 1, 903, 749 1, 407, 284 259.910 178,841 11,237 34,717 11, 760
New York___ ... 9, 727,878 5, 613, 248 1,037,017 1, 522,480 736,986 610,330 207, 817
North Carolina___ 5,132, 310 3,376, 341 522,074 869, 520 39,415 317,923 7,037
North Dakota------- 1, 480, 649 572, 573 51,913 631, 701 6, 321 83,955 134,186
Ohio______________ 6, 330,815 4, 036,516 500,865 1,020,055 239, 581 472, 313 61,485
Oklahoma________ 2,693,425 1, 730, 470 393, 567 389,957 176,431—
Oregon.. _________ 2, 727,556 1,616, 845 387, 234 477,775 76, 583 135,859 33, 260
Pennsylvania_____ 7, 548,686 4,511,216 987,985 1, 355, 290 103, 787 474, 495 115,913
Rhode Island_____ 618,011 465, 637 86, 725 65,649
South Carolina------ 1,869, 083 753,081 161, 348 671, 346 '23,444 203,921 55,943
South Dakota_____ 1,764, 778 1,434,491 15.025 206,462 15,107 84,041 9,652
Tennessee_________ 4,062,681 2, 766,950 329,469 579,955 20, 420 365,887
Texas_____________ 12, 508, 214 7,761,393 1,460, 337 2, 797, 303 54, 286 432. 060 2,835
U tah_____________ 1, 638, 557 1, 336.913 175, 601 74, 913 3,875 47, 255
Vermont__________ 480, 997 271,631 77,429 113, 295
174,194
18,642
Virginia___________ 2,909,134 1, 719,123 352, 230 382, 645 248,069 32, 873
Washington______ 2, 631, 917 1, 690,180 342,907 486, 732 39, 510 72,352 236
West Virginia_____ 1,682,311 1,199, 819 103, 595 144,122 — 199. 097 35,678
Wisconsin... _____ 3,915, 777 2, 537,816 419, 710 846, 541 297 111,413
Wyoming_________ 1, 831, 355 1, 366, 840 205, 719 165,420 314 91, 207 1,855
Hawaii____________ 666,191 390,284 145, 667 111,546 3, 756 ______1_4_,9_3_8
Puerto Rico______ 873, 754 565,001 114,774 193, 979
280
TABLE 10. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION— Estimated total cost
of and PRA participation 1 in projects completed during fiscal year ending
June 30, 1940, and of projects approved or under construction on
June 30, 1940, by State
State or Territory
Completed during
fiscal year
Approved or under construction
at end of year Balances
available at
Estimated end of year
total cost
Federal
funds
Estimated
total cost
Federal
funds
Total_____________________
Alabama_______________________
Arizona________________________
Arkansas_______________________
California______________________
Colorado_______________________
Connecticut____________________
Delaware_______________________
District of Columbia___________
Florida_________________________
Georgia_____________________....
Idaho___________________________
Illinois_________________________
Indiana_________________________
Iowa___________________________
Kansas_________________________
Kentucky________ ______________
Louisiana______________________
Maine__________________________
Maryland______________________
Massachusetts__________________
Michigan_______ ._______________
Minnesota______________________
Mississippi_____________________
Missouri________________________
Montana_____________________ _
Nebraska_______________________
Nevada________________________
New Hampshire________________
New Jersey_____________________
New Mexico____________________
New York______________________
North Carolina_________________
North Dakota__________________
Ohio____________________________
Oklahoma____ __________________
Oregon_____________ _•__________
Pennsylvania___________________
Rhode Island___________________
South Carolina_________________
South Dakota__________________
Tennessee______________________
Texas__________ .
Utah___________________________
Vermont_______________________
Virginia___________ _____________
Washington____________________
West Virginia__________________
Wisconsin______________________
Wyoming______________________
Hawaii_________________________
Puerto Rico____________________
$296, 932, 255 $172, 951, 909 $393, 992,159 $219,103,095 $215, 061, 577
10, 503, 294
3, 601, 891
6, 509, 312
9, 025, 909
6,903,305
1,641,850
1,064,878
1,148,484
5,009, 000
8,134, 807
3,462,190
15,636, 674
6, 611,482
8, 238, 454
5, 751, 396
6, 294,973
3, 360, 408
3, 206. 202
4, 837,424
4, 017,077
7,897, 336
7,859, 842
8,152,815
6, 395,131
5, 785,140
7,765,133
1, 740,154
1,258, 400
2, 887, 850
3, 302, 876
14, 294, 745
9, 393,427
1, 237,083
11,001,005
5, 011, 572
4, 728,089
14,865, 698
1,234,150
4, 419, 365
4, 243,161
7,190,439
22,608,192
3,498,411
959, 389
4, 723,030
3,900, 283
3, 309, 089
7,328, 904
2, 599, 422
1, 525, 566
857, 548
5, 697, 337
2, 617, 855
5,221, 657
5, 653, 357
4, 298, 866
845,459
523,497
729, 990
2, 725,325
4,903,162
2,158,859
9,061, 214
3,651, 306
4, 975, 591
3, 309, 663
3, 242, 958
2,005, 268
1, 779, 655
3, 008,173
2, 248, 907
4, 285, 096
4.290, 860
3, 547, 422
3, 510,063
3, 633, 785
4, 319, 561
1,502,903
672, 554
1, 818, 527
2,088, 005
8,043,441
5, 734, 473
949, 522
6,479, 610
2, 902, 828
2, 992,113
7,828, 385
829,156
2, 497, 978
2, 634,961
3, 901,416
12, 727, 415
2, 499,258
477,432
2, 751,014
2, 282, 652
1, 999, 941
4,184. 284
1, 650, 542
830, 683
427,930
9,057,431
2,012, 049
4, 714, 623
14,033, 812
3, 256, 099
3, 819, 938
2, 532,170
755, 084
5,221,457
14, 036, 882
1, 997,815
15, 589, 742
10, 549, 718
10, 794, 491
11,332, 859
7, 847,628
16,245,060
2, 534, 744
5, 538, 231
5, 765, 490
14,630, 244
11, 703,109
9,199, 919
14, 030, 525
6,073,075
9, 522, 442
2, 531, 392
2,127, 854
7, 303,100
3,120, 947
25, 546, 354
8,805, 432
7, 636, 693
22, 703, 680
7, 682, 506
4, 832, 206
20, 617,166
2,180, 541
4, 711,187
6,124, 996
5,064, 990
14, 694, 365
1, 748,195
2, 541, 510
4, 692. 314
5, 596,099
4,956, 318
8, 953, 900
3,043, 229
1, 406, 769
2, 575, 779
4, 990, 776
1, 353,496
3,018,845
7, 766,499
1, 940, 637
2, 250, 420
1, 323,294
369, 364
2, 761,138
8,060, 860
1,276,224
8, 968, 863
5, 769, 542
5, 368, 284
6,197, 985
4, 348,084
5, 799,073
1, 432, 492
3, 058, 248
3,187, 993
8, 328, 830
6, 986, 610
4, 416, 840
7, 463,412
3, 576, 450
5,142, 766
2, 200,609
1,075,693
4,167, 828
1, 996, 000
14,454, 329
5,073,894
4, 378, 577
12,834, 051
4,516,927
2, 865,716
11,642,848
1,189,621
2,465, 775
3, 656, 866
2, 732,842
8,470, 557
1,228, 788
1,284,783
2, 452, 983
3,139,926
2, 601, 415
5,000,124
2,146,474
806, 528
1, 562,916
4,249,945
2,382, 971
2, 306,932
5, 427, 822
4,153,293
1,995,435
1, 864, 322
1, 933, 590
4, 433,117
9, 701, 917
2, 678,329
6, 699, 726
4, 584,964
2, 897, 474
6, 690, 279
4,092,356
4,168,824
976, 697
2, 702, 496
5, 659, 269
3, 546, 997
6, 385, 336
4, 088, 464
7, 288,381
5,163,155
4,191,807
1, 382,072
1, 535, 760
3,946,840
2, 483, 864
7,388,884
3,889, 886
5,053,656
9, 564, 369
7,028, 390
2,358,151
9,018, 807
1,187,358
3,926, 324
5, 852, 306
7,246,943
11, 591, 820
1,669, 253
639, 905
4,099, 514
2,118, 898
3, 689,909
5, 730, 705
1, 515,238
621, 592
1, 257, 235
1 Does not include Federal funds to be used for construction in national forests, national parks, or other
Federal reservations.
281
TABLE 11. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.— E stim ated to ta l cost of and PRA p a rticip a tio n 1 in projects com pleted
during fiscal year ending June 30, 1940, by program and by S tate
P R A participation
S tate or T errito ry E stim ated Regular Federal-aid program Works program
J to tal cost T o tal —------- -- ----------------------— „ , ——— — — —— ——— P ublic works,
Highways SeCr°or‘d s ry G rafn eCSr°SS' Highways Grade cross- 1934- 35
lUuuo ILLgS
T o ta l--------------------------------------- $296,932,255 $172,951,909 $106,892,922 $18,743,071 $32,731,071 $3,813,800 $8,339,154 $2,431,891
A labam a---------------------------------------------- 10,503,294 5,697,337 3,863,858 436,439 1,047,240 6 000 343 800
Arizona------------------------------------------------ 3,601,891 2,617,855 1,991,768 298,394 316,972 ‘ 185 4,386 6,150
A rkansas---------------------------------------------- 6,509,312 5,221,657 4,153,123 854,162 184,740 20,132 9 500
California--------------------------------------------- 9,025,909 5,653,357 3,266,446 515,699 1,670,290 " ‘ 132,829 68 093
Colorado---------------------------------------------- 6,903,305 4,298,866 2,327,858 568,158 626,889 ' 768,645 7,316
C o n n ecticu t---------------------'.------- ---------- 1,641,850 845,459 671,370 72,417 33,999 21,280 25,684 20,709
D elaw are--------------------------------------------- 1,064,878 523,497 455,106 39,067 7,839 21,485
D istrict of C o lum b ia ..._ j-------------------- 1,148,484 729,990 351,590 60,900 317,500
F lo rid a------------------------------------------------- 5,009,000 2,725,325 1,817,537 443,690 428,094 36 004
Georgia------------------------------------------------ 8,134,807 4,903,162 2,620,915 172,133 346,966 584,651 753,599 424,898
Id ah o --------------------------------------------------- 3,462,190 2,158,859 1,429,520 322,698 280,535 50,255 25,117 50,734
Illinois------------------------------------------------------ 15,636,674 9,061,214 5,151,537 747,611 2,471,622 165,428 425,589 99,427
In d ian a------------------------------------------------ 6,611,482 3,651,306 2,290,863 423,398 855,554 81,491 . . . _____
Iow a----------------------------------------------------- 8,238,454 4,975,591 2,294,632 500,412 1,170,981 ______ _. 1,009,566
K an sas------------------------------------------------- 5,751,396 3,309,663 2,152,021 139,178 993,870 24,594 ________________________________
K en tu ck y -------------------------------------------- 6,294,973 3,242,958 2,005,896 401,514 686,291 67,717 81,540
L ouisiana--------------------------------------------- 3,360,408 2,005,268 870,857 445,833 513,661 97,070 72,000 5,847
M ain e-------------------------------------------------- 3.206,202 1,779,655 1,124,921 223,934 412,717 11,475 . . . .. 6,608
M ary lan d -------------------------------------------- 4,837,424 3,008,173 1,410,105 144,266 119,788 499,354 620,199 214,461
M assach u setts________________________ 4,017,077 2,248,907 1,573,441 185,203 490,263 _______________ _____ ___________________________
M ichigan --------------------------------------------- 7,897,336 4,285,096 2,557,444 734,264 864,284 20,549 108,555 ___
M in n eso ta-------------------------------------------- 7,859,842 4,290,860 2,914,353 465,020 495,669 _______________ ' 214,857 200,961
M ississippi------------------------------------------- 8,152,815 3,547,422 2,332,988 376,934 584,354 33,751 181,515 37,880
M issouri---------------------------------------------- 6,395,131 3,510,063 2,259,656 554,418 695,989 .. ....................................... ... M o n tan a---------------------------------------------- 5,785,140 3,633,785 2,188,758 574,246 843,819 15,697 _______________ 11,265
282
274771—41----19
283
N eb rask a_____________________________ 7,765,133 4,319,561 2,587,274 529,803 966,188 82,340 153,956 ____ ___ N ev ad a------------------------------------------------ 1,740,154 1,502,903 1,009,489 205,752 200,602 33,646 31,435 21,979
N ew H am p sh ire______________________ 1,258,400 672,554 508,949 55,299 101,921 6.385 ________
New Jersey___________________________ 2,887,850 1,818,527 865,895 174,500 707,902 ________________________________ 70,230
New Mexico__________________________ 3,302,876 2,088,005 1,600,579 287,227 122,378 43,071 25,879 8,871
N ew Y o rk ____________________________ 14,294,745 8,043,441 4,791,056 946,407 1,872,132 215,932 42,314 175,600
N o rth C aro lin a_______________________ 9,393,427 5,734,473 3,059,170 520,851 1,267,940 _______________ 886,512 _________ N o rth D a k o ta ________________________ 1,237,083 949,522 207,910 59,497 481,086 6,321 62,755 131,953
Ohio__________________________________ 11,001,005 6,479,610 3,715,069 347,370 530,780 141,049 1,717,774 27,568
O klahom a____________________________ 5,011,572 2,902,828 2,082,955 276,162 436,211 _______________ 107,500 _______________
Oregon________________________________ 4,728,089 2,992,113 2,065,015 435,942 301,183 45,580 97,926 46,467 P e n n sy lv a n ia ________________________ 14,865,698 7,828,385 5,145,524 1,125,227 1,465,072 • 10,000 _______________ 82,562
Rhode Isla n d _________________________ 1,234,150 829,156 335,467 46,890 446,799 ___________ _ . ..
S outh C arolina________________________ 4,419,365 2,497,978 1,242,108 235,287 533,061 108,002 329,777 49,743
South D a k o ta _________________________ 4,243,161 2,634,961 1,987,860 15,024 312,773 30,037 279,615 9,652
Tennessee_____________________________ 7,190,439 3,901,416 2,579,070 420,211 650,142 _______________ 251,993 _______________
Texas_________________________________ 22,608,192 12,727,415 8,092,088 1,425,706 2,690,719 179,840 167,798 171,264 U ta h __________________________________ 3,498,411 2,499,258 1,867,809 200,505 394,694 36,250 _____________________________ .
V erm o n t______________________________ 959,389 477,432 350,426 75,034 27,207 13,865 10,900 _______________
V irginia_______________________________ 4,723,030 2,751,014 1,452,451 341,341 726,883 144,235 68,679 17,425
W ashington ___________________________ 3,900,283 2,282,652 1,416,481 310,357 417,400 45,392 46,426 46,596
West V irginia_________________________ 3,309,089 1,999,941 1,269,384 115,713 374,881 98,871 141,092 _______________
W isconsin____________________________ 7,328,904 4,184,284 2,525,682 495,708 878,511 72,000 171,523 40,860
W yom ing_____________________________ 2,599,422 1,650,542 1,189,596 286,619 120,314 33,601 20,412 _______________
H aw aii_______________________________ 1,525,566 830,683 504,402 96,211 195,526 3,756 _______________ 30,788
P uerto R ico___________________________ 857,548 427,930 364,650 14,440 48,840 _________________________________________________
1 Does n o t include Federal funds to be used for construction in national forests, national parks, or other Federal reservations.
‘ F o r ex ten t of these highway and grade crossing projects see PR A tables 15 and 17.
TABLE 12. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—E stim ated to ta l cost of and PRA p a rticip a tio n 1 in p ro jects 2 approved
but u n com plete as of June 30, 1940, by program and by S tate
P R A participation
S tate or T errito ry E stim ated Regular Federal-aid program W orks program
J to tal cost T o t a l --------------------------------------------------- ----------- ------- --------------------------------------------------------- 1934-35 ’
H ighw ays ^ r o a d s ^ Grade crossings H ighw ays Grade crossings
T o ta l------------------------------------------ $393,992,159 $219,103,095 $148,966,469 $19,155,274 $42,560,323 $2,596,145 $4,570,891 $1,253,993
A lab am a---------------------------------------------- 9,057,431 4,990,776 3,461,410 563,220 784,627 62,200 102,319 17,000
Arizona------------------------------------------------ 2,012,049 1,353,496 900,288 156,118 201,771 38,548 37,198 19,573
A rk an sas---------------------------------------------- 4,714,623 3,018,845 1,558,897 175,417 1,215,188 18,137 51,206 _______________ C alifo rn ia......-------------------------------------- 14,033,812 7,766,499 5,870,286 576,753 901,873 116,218 301,369 _______________
Colorado---------------------------------------------- 3,256,099 1,940,637 1,495,131 98,041 280,501 _______________ 66,964 _______________
C o n n ecticu t----------------------------------------- 3,819,938 2,250,420 1,306,256 178,009 766,155 _______________ ___________________ ___________
D elaw are--------------------------------------------- 2,532,170 1,323,294 1,061,586 76,118 185,590 _____________ ... _______ . ___________
D istrict of C olum bia---------------------------- 755,084 369,364 287,300 25,196 56,868 _ . ___ ■ .
F lo rid a------------------------------------------------- 5,221,457 2,761,138 2,236,997 197,937 326,204 ______ . . . . . . ___________
Georgia------------------------------------------------ 14,036,882 8,060,860 5,478,834 468,188 1,296,858 275,860 384,251 156,869
Id ah o --------- •.--------------------------------------- 1,997,815 1,276,224 947,379 53,921 274,924 ______________________________________________
Illinois------------------------------------------------- 15,589,742 8,968,863 5,156,204 1,118,385 2,570,274 __________ 124.000 _______________
In d ian a ------------------------------------------------ 10,549,718 5,769,542 4,464,284 283,981 899.857 _______ 113,299 8,121
Iow a---------------------------------------------------- 10,794,491 5,368,284 3,542,577 1,112,335 551,947 77,425 84,000 .2 _____________
K an sas------------------------------------------------- 11,332,859 6,197,985 4,606,313 527,995 979,961 48,349 35,367 _______________
K en tu ck y -------------------------------------------- 7,847,628 4,348,084 2,656,161 380,830 1,171,769 5,044 134,280 ________________
L ouisiana--------------------------------------------- 16,245,060 5,799,073 4,237,116 148,910 957,276 28,251 420,862 6,658
M ain e-------------------------------------------------- 2,534,744 1.432,492 953,591 136,766 306,756 _______________ 35,379 _______________ M ary lan d -------------------------------------------- 5,538,231 3,058,248 2,127,349 96,998 609,116 192,992 31,793 _______________
M assach u setts________________________ 5,765,490 3,187,993 2,212,386 323,927 341,878 • 49,321 205,863 54,618
M ich ig an--------------------------------------------- 14,630,244 8,328,830 5,316,131 826,058 2,186,641 _________________________________________________
M in n eso ta-------------------------------------------- 11,703,109 6,986,610 4,122,579 437,774 2,171,246 79,000 158,559 17,452
M ississippi------------------------------------------- 9,199,919 4,416.840 3,317,525 464,096 512,419 _______________ 2,800 120,000
M issouri---------------------------------------------- 14,030,525 7,463.412 4,527,836 392,934 1,984,435 333,960 224,247 _______________ M o n tan a---------------- ----------------------- 6,073,075 3,576,450 2,751,625 409,971 375,300 _______________ 39,554 _______________
284
N eb rask a_____________________________ 9,522,442 5,142,766 I 3,679,365 492,897 748,841 29,108 185,230 7,325
N ev ad a_______________________________ 2,531,392 2,200,609 1,973,350 133,482 93,777 ________________________________________________
New H am p s h ire _____________________ 2,127,854 1,075,693 854,334 40,147 181,212 _________________________________________________
New J e rs e y __________________________ 7 ,303,100 4,167,828 2,839,054 295,265 813,846 86,562 40,000 93,101
N ew Mexico__________________________ 3,120,947 1,996,000 1,442,386 301,784 250,947 _______________ 883 _______________
New Y ork ____________________________ 25,546,354 14,454,329 8,469,593 1,312,890 3,791,212 519,060 351,549 10,025
N o rth Carolina 8,805,432 5,073,894 3,159,677 549,552 1,105,423 70,099 116,529 72,614
N o rth D ak o ta________________________ 7,636,693 4,378,577 3,645,495 115.285 542,750 _______________ 58,940 16,107
Ohio 22,703,680 12,834,051 8,098,708 1,619,957 2,755,751 115,062 126,598 117,975
Oklahom a ____________________________ 7,682,506 4,516,927 2,908,542 475,251 987,539 13,953 118,758 12,884
Oregon ____________________ 4,832,206 2,865,716 2,481,860 244,650 125,939 7,470 _____ _________ 5,797
P ennsylvania __________________________ 20,617,166 11,642,848 7,414,394 1,158,489 2,152,082 349,859 233,104 334,920
R hode Islan d _________________________ 2,180,541 1,189,621 873,050 115,001 194,789 _______________ 6,781 ------------------------
S outh C arolina_______________________ 4,711,187 2,465,775 1,589,109 325,677 516,925 _______________ 22,381 11,683
S outh D ak o ta________________________ 6,124,996 3,656,866 3,351,320 3,624 265,912 _______________ 31,830 4,180
' Tennessee _____________________ 5,064,990 2,732,842 2,260,002 72,146 369,137 24,877 6,680 _______________
Texas _ . 14,694,365 8,470,557 5,161,604 712,113 2,109,853 _______________ 486,987 _________ _____-
U tah _______________________________ 1,748,195 1,228,788 1,075,017 103,600 50,171 _________________________________________________
V erm ont - - „ ______ 2,541,510 1,284,783 923,354 139,555 221,874 ________________________________________________
Virgin ia_______________________________ 4,692,314 2,452,983 1,723,390 255,012 307,903 54,790 109,558 2,330
W ashington ___ - _______ 5.596,099 3,139,926 2,475,529 253,039 369,934 _______________ 40,603 821
W est Virginia . ______________ 4,956,318 2,601,415 2,131,676 192,688 116,910 ________________________________ 160,141
Wisconsin . _____________________ 8,953,900 5,000,124 3,310,434 430,220 1,240,883 _______________ 18,587 ------------------------
W yom ing_____________________________ 3,043,229 2,146,474 1,257,258 268,414 554,420 _______________ 62,583 3,799
H aw aii . - ___________ 1,406,769 806,528 463,127 139,878 203,523 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- P u erto R ico___________________________ 2,575,779 1,562,916 808,800 174,780 579,336 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Does n o t include Federal funds to be used for construction in national forests, national parks, or other F ederal reservations.
2 F or extent of these highw ay and grade crossing projects see P R A tables 16 and 18.
285
TABLE 13. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Balances of Federal
funds available to States for programmed projects as of June 30, 1940,
by program and by State
State or Territory Total
Regular Federal-aid program Works program
Public
works,
Highways Secondary 1934-35
roads
Grade
crossings
Highways
Grade
crossings
Total_____ .____ $215,061, 577 $129, 670, 737 $24, 708, 507 $55,457,505 $862, 274 $4, 028, 992 $333, 562
Alabama_____________ 4, 249,945 2, 792,968 538, 292 864, 506 19,865 20, 345 13, 969
Arizona______________ 2, 382,971 1, 684,118 299, 840 397,816
589, 253
— 1, 197—
Arkansas_____________ 2, 306,932 1, 475,127 242, 552
California____________ 5,427,822 2,899,895 839,479 1,687,055 1,393
922, 522 179,907
—
Colorado_____________ 4,153, 293 2,858, 687 192,177 —
Connecticut__________ 1,995, 435 1, 199, 263 206,069 459, 960 23,882 102,341 3, 920
Delaware ___________ 1, 864, 322 1,048,125 268,125 479, 112 57, 748 11,212
District of Columbia-- 621, 592 409, 235 60,154 152, 203
Florida_______________ 4, 433,117 2, 464, 359 425,456 1, 328, 581 46, 358 160,120 8, 243
Georgia______________ 9, 701, 917 5,113,040 1,131,926 1,955, 303 125, 704 1, 280, 506 95,438
Idaho________________ 2, 678, 329 1, 955,063 244, 207 439, 501 8,292 31, 266
Illinois_______________ 6, 699, 726 4,063,844 408, 283 2, 205, 709— 21,890
Indiana______________ 4, 584,964 2, 332,955 945,980 1, 305,684 345
Iowa_________________ 2,897,474 1, 241,489 447, 293 1, 201,126— 7,566—
Kansas_______________ 6, 690, 279 4,114, 901 1, 303,039 1, 272, 339 —
Kentucky____________ 4,092,356 3,143, 407 339, 278 606, 126 3, 545
Louisiana____________ 4,168,824 2,920,124 4,688
680, 386
453,400 789,393 1,219
Maine_______________ 976, 697 31,214 254,878
33,867
10, 219—
Maryland.. ______ 2, 702, 496
5,659, 269
1, 325, 837 417, 585 798, 625 103, 784 22, 798
Massachusetts_______ 2,822,159 486, 733 2, 025,042 92, 668 109,129 123, 538
Michigan____________ 3, 546, 997 1, 965,483 630,105 951,409
Minnesota___________ 6, 385, 336 4, 165, 279 1,160, 248 1, 047,107 4, 399 8,303—
Mississippi___________ 4,088,464 2, 532,032 573, 008 913,824 19, 519 28,469 21,612
Missouri_____________ 7, 288,381 4,987, 762 767, 826 1,521,518 _________ 11,275 —
Montana_____________ 5,163,155 4,087, 726 641, 509 433, 920 —
Nebraska____________ 4,191,807 3,127, 504 297,846 749, 771 15,059 1,627 _______
Nevada. ;___________
New Hampshire_____
1, 382,072 1, 013, 728 193,328 175,016
1, 535, 760 925, 691 197, 644 392, 776 965 18, 684 ____
New Jersey__________ 3, 946,840 2, 145, 319 524, 785 1, 240, 283 7, 991 25,962 2,500
New Mexico_________ 2, 483,864 1, 643, 995 190, 111 645, 923 2, 356— 1,479
New York___________ 7, 388, 884 3, 065, 759 395, 619 3, 341,430 42,912 525, 664 17,500
North Carolina______ 3,889,886 2, 566, 686 328,477 947, 316 ____ ____ 47, 407 _______
North Dakota________ 5,053, 656 3, 247, 421 1,014, 688 780. 868— 10, 679—
Ohio_________________ 9, 564,369 5, 301,074 865, 205 3,026,039 39, 805 332, 246—
Oklahoma____________ 7,028, 390 4,160, 373 924, 501 1,937,141— 6, 375—
Oregon_______________ 2, 358,151 1,482,545 302, 774 553,304 1,315 18,213
Pennsylvania________ 9,018, 807 3,476,189 234,175 4, 736, 810 52, 924 515, 593 3,116
Rhode Island________ 1,187, 358 996,396 95,049 95, 913
South Carolina_______ 3, 926, 324 4,152
5, 852, 306
2,469, 592 227, 521 1,070,979 8, 572 145, 508
South Dakota________ 3, 291,641 1, 280, 913 1, 275, 007— 4,745
Tennessee____________ 7, 246, 943 4, 299, 748 1,006,149 1, 753, 235 _________ 187,811 _______
Texas________________ 11,591,820 8, 218, 579 1,122,102 2, 249, 732 1,407—
Utah_________________ 1, 669, 253 1, 129, 748 193, 707 345, 798
Vermont_____________ 639, 905 356, 275 35,000 248, 630
Virginia______________ 4,099, 514 2, 315,395 362, 797 1,198, 319 35,016 173,035 14, 952
Washington__________ 2, 118, 898 1,198, 580 340, 572 579, 746
West Virginia________ 3, 689, 909 1, 876, 950 446,849 1, 253,132 38, 386 74, 592
Wisconsin____________ 5, 739, 705 3, 644, 541 686, 667 1,373, 756— 25, 741 —
Wyoming____________ 1,515,238 1,185,041 150, 806 179, 391 —
Hawaii_______________ 1,933, 590 1, 486, 733 157,036 289,821 —
Puerto Rico__________ 1, 257, 235 761,970 80, 408 414, 857
286
TABLE 14. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Mileage of designated
Federal-aid highway system, by State, as of June 30, 1940
State or Territory Total
system
Routes
outside
Federal
reservations
Routes
within
Federal
reservations
Miles Miles Miles
Total_________ 234,112 225, 235 8,877
Alabama___ .. .. 4,142 4,142
Arizona_____________ 2', 355 L 705 650
Arkansas___________ 5,095 4, 857 238
California___________ 6,831 6, 264 567
Colorado____________ 3, 792 3, 277 515
Connecticut________ 1,125 1.125
Delaware___________ 826 826
District of Columbia. 86 86
Florida_____________ 2, 769 2, 757 12
Georgia.. ... _ 6, 582 6, 449 133
Idaho_______________ 3,490 2, 700 790
Illinois___________ . 9, 604 9, 596 8
Indiana __________ 5, 599 5,599
Iowa... . _ .. 8, 396 8, 394 2
Kansas. _____ 8, 870 8, 856 14
Kentucky . .. 3,816 3, 674 142
Louisiana _ _______ 2, 766 2, 766
Maine___ _ _____ 1.679 1,675 4
Maryland _ _ 2,223 2, 223
Massachusetts... .. 1,991 1,991
Michigan__________ 6,016 5, 783 233
Minnesota.. _. . ... 7, 419 7,128 291
Mississippi_________ 3, 734 3, 539 195
Missouri____________ 8,026 8,026
Montana___________ 5, 750 4, 701 1,049
State or Territory Total
system
Routes
outside
Federal
reservations
Routes
within
Federal
reservations
Miles Miles Miles
Nebraska___________ 5, 737 5,716 21
Nevada... . ._ 2,065 1,978 87
New Hampshire____ 1,054 1,021 33
New Jersey_________ 1,675 1,675
New Mexico________ 3,636 3, 259 377
New York. 9,888 9,872 16
North Carolina_____ 7,930 7,424 506
North Dakota______ 7,172 7,087 85
Ohio________________ 7,140 7,140
Oklahoma__________ 6,865 6,814 51
Oregon_____________ 3,893 3,411 482
Pennsylvania_______ 8,156 8,048 108
Rhode Island ______ 562 562
South Carolina__ 4,410 4,158 252
South Dakota______ 6,336 5,859 477
Tennessee.. _ ____ 4,676 4,610 66
Texas.. .. _ . _____ 14,688 14, 540 148
Utah.. ... 2,298 2,152 146
Vermont. . ... 1,095 1,043 52
Virginia______ ______ 4,637 4,509 128
Washington________ 3,516 3,112 404
West Virginia______ 2, 407 2, 275 132
Wisconsin__________ 5, 942 5,816 126
Wyoming___________ 3,546 3,209 337
Hawaii 633 633
Puerto Rico _ _ 1,173 1,173
287
TABLE 15. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Mileage of PRA projects1
completed during fiscal year ending June 30, 1940, by program
and by State
State or Territory Total
Regular Federal-aid program Works program
Public
works,
High1934-
35
ways
Secondary
roads
Grade
crossings
Highways
Grade
crossings
Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
Total____________________ 11,397. 4 7, 799.1 3,194.3 201.4 97.8 53.4 51.4
Alabama______________________ 360.9 307. 5 48.3 3.7 — 1.4
Arizona_______________________ 203. 8 150. 7 51. 7 . 7 — . 7
Arkansas______________________ 339.8 236. 9 98. 3 4. 6
California_____________________ 155. 8 107. 0 44. 7 4.0 0.1
Colorado______________________ 150. 2 99. 7 38. 0 2. 3 10.2 —
Connecticut___________________ 18.9 16.0 2.9
4.5
- -----------
Delaware_____________________ 54.1 31. 5 17. 5 . 6
District of Columbia__________ 7. 6 5. 5 1. 5 . 6
Florida________________________ 73. 5 41. 7 31. 2 . 6
Georgia_______________________ 369.0 277.2 44.2 7. 5 25.1 7.6 7.4
Idaho_________________________ 212.1 148.0 57.9 4.4 .5 ________1.3
Illinois__________________ 347.8 228. 5 103. 1 5. 5 1.0 1.0 8.7
Indiana_______________________ 177.3 93.6 77.8 4.7 1.2
4.1
—
Iowa__________________________ 461.0 229. 4 222.8 4. 7
Kansas________________________ 304. 2 244. 2 48. 7 11.1 . 2
Kentucky_____________________ 233.3 130.5 95.6 7.1 .1 —
Louisiana_____________________ 151. 6 54. 0 79. 6 7.1 10.4 . 5
Maine_________________________ 90.3 57.3 26. 5 5. 3 1. 1
2.0
. 1
Maryland_____________________ 71.5 39. 5 20.2 6.9 2.9
Massachusetts________________ 36.0 25.0 9. 2 1.8 —
Michigan_____________________ 257.3 128.1 121.5 6.4 .7 .6 _________
Minnesota____________________ 515. 3 389.7 122.3 2.7 .4 .2
Mississippi____________________ 348. 0 274. 5 70. 7 2.6 .2
Missouri______ ________________ 352. 8 181.0 169. 8 2. 0
Montana______________________ 341.8 237.0 95. 5 5. 4 2.3— 1.6
Nebraska_____________________ 697.5 468. 7 223.0 3.9 .8 1.1 _________
Nevada_______________________ 90. 8 57.8 31. 5 1. 5
New Hampshire______________ 35.4 29. 7 4. 3 1. 4
New Jersey____________________ 30. 3 15. 5 12.1 1. 6 1.1
New Mexico__________________ 254.9 211.4 42.1 1.4 —
New York___________ ’________ 295.7 187.1 95.0 6.6 5.5 1.5
North Carolina_______________ 479.8 361.5 109.5 7.0— 1.8
North Dakota_________________ 88.0 50.9 8.2 3.8 .7 9.8 14.6
Ohio__________________________ 143.9 88. 7 41. 7 3.4 8.9 1.2
Oklahoma_____________________ 208.0 167.0 36.1 4. 6— .3—
Oregon____________ ___________ 206.6 123.8 81.6 1.0 .2—
Pennsylvania_______ __________ 248.1 116.7 128. 4 2.0 1.0
Rhode Island__________________ 11.1 8.1 2. 2 . 8
South Carolina________________ 160.8 86.7 56. 9 9.0 4.9 1.8 1. 5
South Dakota_________________ 393.0 352.4 4. 1 8.0 4.8 18.5 5.2
Tennessee_____________________ 149.9 116.3 32.3 .7 _________ .6 ....—
Texas_________________________ 1, 227. 6 866. 3 328. 9 32. 4
Utah._________________________ 177. 0 128. 3 46.8 . 1 1.8—
Vermont______________________ 24. 9 18. 4 6. 5
Virginia_______________________ 163.6 89. 2 68.3 3.4 1. 5 .7 . 5
Washington_________________ .. 96.2 41.9 51.0 3.3
4.3
___ __
West Virginia_________________ 78.2 58.3 13. 2 1.9 . 5
Wisconsin_____________________ 230.1 187. 6 36.6 5.3— .6—
Wyoming_____________________ 226.8 200.2 26.1 . 5 —
Hawaii________________________ 26.1 15.9 6.2 2.1 .2 ________1.7
Puerto Rico___________________ 19. 2 16. 7 2. 2 .3 —
1 For estimated total cost of and PRA participation in these projects and those shown in PRA table 17,
see PRA table 11.
288
Regular Federal aid program Works program
TABLE 16. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Mileage of PRA projects
1 approved but uncomplete as of June 30, 1940, by program and by
State
State or Territory Total
Highways
Secondary
roads
Grade
crossings
Highways
Grade
crossings
Public
Works,
1934-35
Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
Total___________________ 13,883. 5 10,793.8 2,817.1 214.0 19.8 23.9 14.9
----- -----------—.—---------- —.—--------------- - ■ .. —----------------
Alabama______________________ 291.0 232.0 57.8 1.2 —
Arizona_______________________ 77. 3 62.9 11.3 3.1
Arkansas_____________________ 192j 8 149.9 33. 6 9.0 .3—
California_____________________ 227'. 2 182. 5 42.0 2.3 . 4—
Colorado______________________ 95.1 92. 4 1.9 . 2— .6—
Connecticut___________________ 28.8 21.9 4.6 2.3 _______
Delaware_____________________ 48. 3 32. 5 15.6 . 2
District of Columbia__________ 6.1 5. 5 . 6
Florida________________________ 134.9 126.1 7.4 1. 4
Georgia_______________________ 578.7 476.6 85. 5 6. 5 7.3 2.0 .8
Idaho_________________________ 171.9 150.7 16.6 4.6 -----—
Illinois________________________ 317.8 225. 3 86. 5 6.0
Indiana_______________________ 214. 2 174.4 37.2 1.7 .7 .2
Iowa__________________________ 704. 5 250. 7 451. 7 2.0 . 1
Kansas________________________ 652.2 572.4 72. 2 7.2 .4—
Kentucky_____________________ 236.6 142.6 87.9 5.4 .2 .5—
Louisiana_____________________ 151.3 97.3 25.7 22.7— 5.6
Maine_________________________ 61.3 44.8 15. 7 . 7 . 1—
Maryland____________ ,_______ 66. 2 53. 8 10. 4 1.3 . 7
Massachusetts________________ 49. 7 35.9 13.5 .2— . 1
Michigan_________ :___________ 460.9 325.9 129.3 5.7 _ _ _ _
Minnesota_____ _______________ 702.3 555.0 125.6 19.9— . 5 1.3
Mississippi____________________ 418.9 371.5 40.9 1.3
6.4
5. 2
Missouri______________________ 430.1 311.6 108. 6 3.1 .4 —
Montana_____________________ _ 396. 6 309.3 82.8 4. 5 —
Nebraska________ _____________ 1,045.1 891.7 139.7 13.2 .5 -----—
Nevada_______________________ 138.4 104. 4 33.6 . 4
New Hampshire______________ 49.1 45.4 2. 2 1. 5
New Jersey___________________ 64. 2 41.8 19. 5 1.8 .2— .9
New Mexico__________________ 170.9 142.3 27.8 .8 —
New York____________________ 366.0 271.0 83.2 8.1 2.2 .8 .7
North Carolina_______________ 414.3 309.0 98.4 6.8 . 1
North Dakota_________________ 580.1 570.1 3. 8 4.9 -------- - ---- .2 1.1
Ohio__________________________ 266. 3 152. 3 108. 2 . 5.8
Oklahoma_____________________ 274. 5 208.3 60. 2 3.6 1.8 . 6—
Oregon________________________ 228.3 164.8 63.0 .5
5.7
______
Pennsylvania_________________ 240.4 155. 0 69.9 7.6 — 2.2
Rhode Island_________________ 21. 5 17.5 3.6 . 4
South Carolina________________ 378.3 258.7 117.4 2.1 . 1
South Dakota_________________ 824.0 815.0— 8.7— . 3—
Tennessee_____________________ 147.3 135.4 10.9 1.0
Texas_________________________ 772. 7 550. 6 195. 5 22.1 4.5
Utah__________________________ 106.1 86. 8 19.3
Vermont______________________ 70.2 51.8 17. 6 . 8
Virginia_______________________ 128.7 92.7 33.4 2.4 — . 2
Washington______ _____________ 124.6 94.1 28.2 1.9 _________.4
West Virginia_________________ 152.8 129.2 21.1 . 2 2.3
Wisconsin_____________________ 278.1 246.6 28.1 3.4
Wyoming_____________________ 259.1 215.2 42. 8 1.1 —
Hawaii________________________ 24.1 14.4 8.7 1.0 —
Puerto Rico___________________ 43.7 26.2 16.1 1.4
1 For estimated total cost of and PRA participation in these projects and those shown in PRA table 18,
see PRA table 12.
289
TABLE 17. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION —Number i of grade
crossing eliminations and protections completed during the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1940, by program and by State
State or Territory
Crossings eliminated Separation structures
reconstructed Crossings protected
Total
Federalaid
grade
crossings
Works
program
grade
crossings
Other1 2 Total
Federalaid
grade
crossings
Works
program
grade
crossings
Total
Federalaid
grade
crossings
Works
program
grade
crossings
Other2
Total__________ 414 305 81 28 87 72 15 1,201 945 206 50
Alabama____________ 14 14 — 3 2 1 1 1
Arizona_____________ 1 1 2 — 2 —
Arkansas____________ 4 3 — 1 8 4 4 —
California___________ 14 11 2 1 49 3 7 39
Colorado____________ 6 6 — 29 25 4 —
Connecticut_________ — — 7 7
Delaware____________ 2 2
District of Columbia.. 1 1
Florida______________ 3 2 — 1 12 ----- - _ _ 12 —
Georgia______________ 17 8 9 — 4 1 3 30 7 23 —
Idaho_____________.... 4 4 ______
Illinois______________ 27 16 4 7 5 5 — 76 76 —
Indiana______________ 3 3 1 1 112 103 9
Iowa_________________ 25 14 11 197 197
Kansas______________ 12 12 — 13 13
Kentucky___________ 10 9 — 1 5 4 1 16 16 —
Louisiana___________ 7 6 1
Maine_______________ 4 4 2 2
Maryland___________ 10 1 8 1 15 14 1 —
Massachusetts_______ 4 4 — 2 2
Michigan____________ 7 6 1 — 2 2 ______ 45 45 —
Minnesota__________ 7 4 1 2 6 4 2 17 17 —
Mississippi__________ 9 8 1 4 4 —
Missouri_____________ 5 5 — 1 1
Montana____________ 9 9 —
Nebraska____________ 24 22 1 1 43 43 —
Nevada_____________ 2 1 1 — 3 3 — 13 13
New Hampshire_____ 7 7 1 1
New Jersey__________ 4 2 2 3 3 1 1
New Mexico_________ 3 3 — 1 1 —
New York___________ 5 5 ______ 8 8
166,
______
North Carolina______ 15 7 . 8 6 5 1 47 119
North Dakota_______ 11 7 4 — 1 1 — 2 2 —
Ohio________________ 18 8 10 1 1 — 4 4 —
Oklahoma___________ 7 6 — 1 1 — 1 51 50 1 _ _ __
Oregon______________ 4 3 1 — 1 ______1 —
Pennsylvania________ 5 2 — 3 3 3 — 2 2
Rhode Island________ 1 1 — 3 3
South Carolina______ 10 7 2 1 9 7 2 11 11
South Dakota_______ 14 3 11 — 2 2 — 27 17 10 —
Tennessee___________ 4 2 2 ______ 3 2 1 16 5 11 —
Texas____ ___________ 25 25 — 3 3 — 22 19 2 1
Utah________________ 3 3 — 140 140
Vermont____________
Virginia_____________ 11 9 1 1 4 3 1
7
24
7
20 3 1
Washington_________ 5 5 - 2 2 — 12 12
West Virginia_______ 13 9 2 2 2 2
Wisconsin___________ 12 9 — 3 1 — 1 14 11 3 —
Wyoming____________ 1 1 — 1 1 — 8 8
Hawaii______________ 4 4 — 1 1 ______ 1 1 —
Puerto Rico__________ 1 1 —
1 For estimated total cost of and FRA participation in these projects and those shown in FRA table 15,
see FRA table 11.
2 Financed from highway funds.
290
TABLE 18. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Number1 of grade
crossing eliminations and protections approved but uncomplete as
of June 30, 1940, by program and by State
State or Territory
Total__________
Alabama
Crossings eliminated Separation structures
reconstructed Crossings protected
Total
412
9
6
10
12
2
8
314
19
6
18
66
12
14
20
23
4
10
17
7
11
7
14
9
2
12
13
8
15
17
3
22
Federalaid
grade
crossings
339
6
4
10
5
1
7
1
1
4
15
5
11
5
6
12
13
14
2
3
1
9
16
7
9
5
6
1
4
5
2
12
13
7
14
13
3
19
Works
program
grade
crossings
39
2
2
Other1 2
34
1
Total
96
Federalaid
grade
crossings
83
Works
program
grade
crossings
13
Total
741
Federalaid
grade
crossings
690
5
Works
program
grade
crossings
45
Other2
6
Arizona,
Arkansas 11
1
1
16
12
3
13
10
1
322
California 51
2
Colorado
Conn ec.ti e.i1t 12
1 1
Delaware 17 17
District of Columbia..
Florida 11
18
29
108
77
94
14
11
15
62
11
17
29
103
77
94
14
11
Georgia 4 7 6 1 1
I d aho 1
Illinois 7 5
2
22
3 5
Indiana 1
Iowa
Kansas 2 2
Kentucky 1
Louisiana___________ 5
Maine_______________
Maryland___________
Massachusetts_______
Michigan____________
Minnesota__________
Mississippi__________
Missouri____________
Montana____________
Nebraska____________
Nevada_____________
New Hampshire
1 14 1
4
3
22
21
6
1 2
1 561
5
561
5
24
13
214
10
25
24
13
114 10
25
1
1
12
1
1 3 2 1
New Jersey__________
New Mexico________
New York___________
North Carolina
4
6
8
32
19
13
45
6
8
24
19
13
45
19
4
17
3
21
8
North Dakota_______
Ohio________________
Oklahoma___________
Oregon______________
Pennsylvania_______
Rhode Island
1
11
31
31
3
1 2 2
14 1 31
2131
31
South Carolina 55
2
27
5
5
2
20
1 23
11
2
10
13
58
2
18
23
South Dakota_______ 4
Tennessee___________
Texas _____________
7
2
7 10
13
58
2
13
Utah
Vermont 22
2
22
2
Virginia_____________
W ashington_________
West Virginia
6
4
2
13
5
2
11
4
419 5
2
11
1 1
14
W iscon^in 41
4 5
AAryominer 1
2 2
1 For estimated total cost of and PRA participation in these projects and those shown in PRA table 16,
see PRA table 12.
2 Financed from highway funds.
291
292
TABLE 19. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Mileage of p ro jects com pleted during fiscal year ending June 30,
1940, by type of con stru ction and by S tate
Sand-clay Gravel M acadam Q rad® sePara’ tions
G ra d e d -------------------------------------------------------------------------------S ' B ita- B i,u - B rid g e ,-------------------------
S tate or T errito ry T o tal and b itu - n“ ° ° us ™“ ous cement Block ap- Raildrained
TT TT TT minous con- proach- road
treated T reatcd treated T reated treated T reated mix crete es and high-
_______________
Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles M iles T o ta l------------------------------- 11,397.4 1,907.6 335.1 730.0 2,237.1 1,669.8 9.7 373.5 1,718.1 116.3 292.9 1,910.4 19.6 61.9 14.8 0.6
A labam a----------------------------------- 360.9 .1 13.2 131.3 21.9 184.6 _______ 1.5 ________________ .2 2.2 _______ 4.4 1.5 _______
A rizona------------------------------------- 203.8 7.1 ________________ _ 15.5 10.1 ________________ 157.8 _______ .2 12.1 _______ 1.0 ________________
A rkansas---------------------------------- 339.8 20.1 _______ 13.4 74.8 5.5 ________________ 208.5 ________________ 14.8 _______ 2.4 .3 _______
California--------------------------------- 155.8 .4 ________________ .8 38.0 ________________ 87.7 12.2 1.7 12.6 _______ 1.4 1.0 _______
Colorado---------------------------------- 150.2 _________________________ 145.2 ___________________________________________________ .7 _______ 4.1 .2 _______
C onnecticut___________________ 18.9 ___________________________________________________ 6.9 _______ 5.2 _______ 6.8 ________________ _________________ D elaw are---------------------------------- 54.1 ________________________ 22.6 __________________________ ______ _________________ 31.4 _______ . i ________________
D istrict of C olum bia__________ 7.6 _______________________ ______ ______ ___ . ______ _ 3.2 4.3 _ .1 . . . F lo rid a ------------------------------------- 73.5 12.1 _________________________ 9.6 _______ .5 31.9 ________________ 18.1 _______ 1.1 .2 _______
Georgia________________________ 369.0 33.6 34.9 66.8 36.1 94.0 2.1 29.4 12.9 _______ 24.4 31.9 _______ 2.4 .5 _______
Id a h o __________________________ 212.1 .2 _______ 3.6 78.7 _________________________ 125.7 ________________ 3.3 _______ .6 ________________
Illinois-------------------------------------- 347.8 109.9 ________________ 51.0 _______ 4.1 2.4 47.7 _______ 2.5 126.3 _______ 2.3 1.6 _______ In d ia n a _______________________ 177.3 25.5 ________________ 26.0 4.5 _______ 8.1 42.3 _______ 3.5 66.6 _______ .8 ________________
Iow a___________________________ 461.0 111.5 ________________ 197.6 48.8 __________________________________________ 100.6 _______ 1.5 1.0 _______
K ansas________________________ 304.2 65.5 36.9 37.7 60.9 50.5 ________________ 25.5 ________________ 25.5 _______ 1.5 .2 _______
K en tu ck y _____________________ 233.3 _________________________ 112.1 _________________________ 25.4 _______ 52.5 41.5 _______ 1.4 .4 _______
L ouisiana______________________ 151.6 49.9 ________________ 80.1 ___________________________________________________ 20.4 _______ .9 .3 _______ M ain e_________________________ 90.3 __________________________________________ 1.1 37.7 22.7 10.6 10.6 7.2 _______ .4 ________________ M ary lan d _____________________ 71.5 2.0 ________________ 15.6 _______ 1.8 _______ 4.2 3.6 .5 43.3 _______ .2 .2 .1
M assach u setts_________________ 36.0 ___________________________________________________________ 4.7 14.9 13.3 2.7 _______ .3 .1 _______
M ich ig an _____________________ 257.3 56.5 ________________ 31.3 29.4 ________________ 32.9 _______ 1.4 105.0 _______ .7 .1 _______
M in n eso ta_____________________ 515.3 147.3 4.8 _______ 76.3 105.4 ________________ 141.4 ?_______________ 39.2 _______ .6 .3 _______
M ississippi____________________ 348.0 114.9 ________________ 16.9 20.1 ________________ 13.2 _______ .2 180.2 _______ 2.2 .3 _______
M issouri______________________ 352.8 50.7 ________________ 181.9 14.9 _______ 27.5 _______ 5.9 1.8 68.3 _______ 1.4 .4 _______
M o n tan a______________________ 341.8 82.4 ________________ 130.6 _________________________ 126.6 ________________ .4 _______ 1.7 .1 _______
293
N eb rask a---------------------------------- 697.5 162.2 217.2 169.0 _________________________________ 106.1 _______ .2 40.8 _______ 1.7 .3 _______
N ev ad a------------------------------------- 90.8 _________________________ 14.8 _________________________ 75.8 _________________________________ .1 .1 _______
New H am p sh ire _______________ 35.4 ___________________________________________________ 12.2 12.0 _______ 1.9 9.2 _______ .1 ________________
New Jersey------------------------------- 30.3 ________________________ 4.1 .5 _________________________________ 5.6 19.5 _______ .1 .5 ____ _
N ew Mexico___________________ 254.9 36.9 ________________ 110.4 98.8 ______ _________ 7.2 ______________________________ .... 1.6 _________ -____...
New Y o rk -------------------------------- 295.7 31.8 ________________ 28.1 57.9 .2 24.6 _______ ______ 11.2 140.3 ______ 1.2 .4 _______
N o rth C arolina________________ 479.8 51.0 3.6 160.3 3.5 130.6 _______ 1.4 46.6 ______ .4 81.3 _______ .8 .3 _______ N o rth D ak o ta_________________ 88.0 23.8 8.4 _______ 7.3 25.7 ________________ 21.6 1.0 _ .1 .1 _______
Ohio___________________________ 143.9 1.4 ________________ 9.4 10.1 .4 34.0 ________________ 6.7 61.7 19.5 .3 .2 .2
Oklahom a_____________________ 208.0 11.7 ________________ 57.4 42.0 ________________ .9 _______ 32.6 60.9 _______ 2.4 .1 _______
Oregon________________________ 206.6 10.4 ________________ 42.9 95.0 _____ 29.2 _____________ 7.9 8.7 12.0 _______ .4 .1 _______
P en n sy lv an ia __________________ 248.1 _________________________ 36.4 ________________ 50.3 _______ 49.5 9.8 100.9 .1 .8 .3 _______
Rhode Islan d __________________ 11.1 ____________________________________________________________________ 5.7 .5 4.8 _______ .1 ________________
S outh C arolina________________ 160.8 21.0 16.0 103.9 __________________________________________ ______ 14.4 3.4 _______ 1.6 .5 _______
S outh D a k o ta _________________ 393.0 153.9 _______________ 9.8 83.2 ________________ 119.6 ________________ 25.6 _______ . .8 .1 _______
Tennessee_____________________ 149.9 22.1 ________________ 55.6 ________________ 1.5 ________________ .9 66.8 _______ 2.9 .1 _______
T exas__________________________ 1,227.6 327.3 _______ 8.8 195.1 428.2 _______ 14.8 24.5 _______ 66.9 151.4 _______ 9.2 1.1 .3 U ta h __________________________ 177.0 4.7 _______________ 66.4 _________________________ 85.0 . . . . 2.9 17.8 ______ .2 ______ ____
V erm o n t______________________ 24.9 _________________________ 1.1 1.6 ________________ 21.4 .1 _______ .6 _______ .1 ________________
V irginia_________ ____________ 163.6' 5.2 .1 35.2 3.9 31.6 ______ 34.0 _______ ________ 10.9 41.5 _______ .8 .4 _______
W ashington ___________________ 96.2 7.2 ________________ 51.8 17.2 ________________ 5.8 ________________ 13.4 _______ .7 .1 _______
W est V irginia_________________ 78.2 6.9 ________________ 14.7 ________________ 14.8 16.9 _______ 2.5 21.4 _______ .1 .9 _______
Wisconsin_____________________ 230.1 64.1 ________________ 93.9 __________________________________________________ 70.7 _______ 1.1 .3 _______
W yom ing _____________________ 226.8 75.7 ________________ 54.6 32.0 _______________ 63.6 _________________________________ .8 .1 ______
H aw aii________________________ 26.1 .6 ______________________________ .’__________ 23.8 _______ .7 .8 ________________ .2
P u erto R ico__________ -._______ 19.2 ___________________________________________________ 18.9 __________________________________________ .3 ________________
TABLE 20. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Mileage of p ro jects approved bu t uncom plete as of June 30, 1940,
by type of con stru ction and by S tate
Sand-clay Gravel M acadam GradtionSP ara'
G r a d - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------S ’ B J - X L > » < ” 3 “ -------------------------
S tate or T errito ry T o tal ed and b itu - n^>US co2 S cement Block ap- Rail- B
drained U n . Un- U n . minous adam con- proach- road tweJ n
treated T reated treated T reated treated 1 reated mix c ete es and highways
ways
M iles Miles Mlles Miles Miles Miles M iles M iles Miles Miles M iles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
T o ta l____________________ 13,883.5 2,338.4 308.5 1,363.8 1,791.5 2,179.2 17.3 510.0 2,229.1 244.8 396.7 2,403.3 15.9 66.9 17.1 1.0
A lab am a______________________ 291.0 _______ ________ 191.5 31.5 55.6 __________________________________________ 7.8 _______ 4.3 .3 _______
A rizona________________________ 77.3 _________________________ 6.4 1.7 ________________ 66.2 ________________ 2.6 _______ .4 ________________
A rk an sas______________________ 192.8 11.0 _______ 3.4 14.3 _________________________ 133.6 ________________ 28.8 _______ 1.2 .5 _______
C alifornia_____________________ 227.2 3.2 ________________ 7.2 23.6 ________________ 158.7 .4 17.1 13.2 _______ 3.3 _______ .5
Colorado______________________ 95.1 _________________________ 60.3 14.5 ________________ 19.0 ________________ .2 _______ .6 .5 _______
C o n n ecticu t___________________ 28.8 ___________________________________________________ 9.6 _______ 6.2 _______ 12.6 _______ .1 .3 _______
D elaw are______________________ 48.3 .1 ________________ 7.5 7.7 _________________________________ 11.1 21.3 _______ .3 .3 _______ D istrict of C o lum b ia __________ 6.1 _______ __________________________________________________________ _______ 1.7 4.4 ______________ ________________ F lo rid a ________________________ 134.9 34.1 ______________ ________________________ 54.2 5.9 ________________ 39.8 _______ .8 .1 _______
Georgia________________________ 578.7 41.5 28.8 145.5 27.6 176.5 _______ 52.1 1.0 _______ 13.4 86.3 ______ 5.2 .8 _____
Id a h o __________________________ 171.9 ________________________ 54.5 24.7 ________________ 91.9 ______ ______ .6 _____ .1 .1 ______
Illin o is________________________ 317.8 96.7 ________________ 20.3 ____ 13.4 _______ 48.6 ____ 1.5 133.0 ______ 3.7 .6 _______ In d ia n a ________________________ 214.2 17.2 ________________ 12.1 6.0 ________________ 20.1 _______ 26.0 132.0 _______ .6 .2 _____
Iow a___________________________ 704.5 193.6 ________________ 325.2 __________________________________________________ 182.4 _______ 2.8 .5 _______ K an sas________________________ 652.2 109.9 12.8 122.0 125.2 48.7 _______ 57.8 135.2 ________________ 35.0 _____ -2.9 2.7 ______
K e n tu c k y _____________________ 236.6 17.2 ________________ 100.6 ________________________ 21.3 _______ 43.0 52.4 _______ 1.9 .2 _______
L ouisiana______________________ 151.3 31.1 ________________ 27.4 2.1 __________________________________________ 88.1 _______ 2.0 .6 _______ M ain e_________________________ 61.3 ___________________________________________________ 14.5 29.0 8.5 9.1 ________________ .1 .1 _______ M a ry la n d _____________________ 66.2 10.0 ________________ 6.9 ________________ 3.3 5.0 3.8 ______ 36.2 _______ .9 .1 ____
M assach u setts_________________ 49.7 ________________________ 2.0 ________________ .1 3.2 33.0 8.7 2.4 _______ .1 .1 .1
M ichigan______________________ 460.9 86.6 ________________ 70.3 26.1 ________________ 94.8 _______ 7.8 172.7 1.8 .5 .3 _______
M in n eso ta_____________________ 702.3 222.3 8.7 _______ 123.0 229.7 ________________ 68.6 _______ 1.5 47.2 .1 .5 .7 _______
M ississippi____________________ 418.9 73.9 _______ 119.0 14.4 24.5 ________________ 49.3 _______________ 135.1 _______ 2.3 .4 _______ M isso u ri_______________________ 430.1 59.4 ________________ 106.4 44.0 _______ 8.5 28.9 62.7 _______ 117.1 _______ 2.1 1.0 _______
M o n tan a ____ ______________ 396.6 67.3 ________________ 113.5 25.7 ________________ 188.4 _________________________________ 1.6 .1 _______
294
295
N eb rask a---------------------------------- 1,045.1 327.7 120.9 435.9 3.1 3.7 _______ . .. 137.6 .3 13.0 2 4 5 N e v a d a------------------------------------- 138.4 ______________________________________ . 138.2 2 N ew H am p sh ire ----------------------- 49.1 ___________________________________________________ 28.1 12.7 1.2 2.3 'i. 5 ’ 1 2
N ew Jersey------------------------------- 64.2 2.5 ________________ 9.3 2.9 .9 .3 _______ 1.3 .2 46.2 .3 .3
N ew Mexico----------------------------- 170.9 73.6 ________________ 20.6 61.5 _________________________________ 13.2 .1 _______ 1.7 .2
N ew Y o rk -------------- ------------- 366.0 4.1 ________________________ 15.7 .6 48.2 21.2 1.1 46.7 225.9 .1 1.9 .5
N o rth C arolina------------------------- 414.3 56.2 12.1 148.7 .3 106.6 ____ 44.0 44.1 1 9 4 N o rth D a k o ta ... ___ __________ 580.1 108.2 2.4 _____ 4.2 253.8 ______ 209.3 1.7 .5
O hio--------------------------------- .. 266.3 5.0 ------------------------- 20.9 35.4 _______ 36.3 .. ... 4.6 15.3 132.8 13.9 1.5 .6 / / '" O klahom a--------------------------------- 274.5 3.1 13.7 _______ 117.0 11.0 ________________ 38.3 _______ 29.7 58.0 _______ 2.8 .9
Oregon------------------------------------- 228.3 12.9 _______________ 11.2 84.2 _______ 19.1 .6 80.5 7.4 11.7 _____ .6 .1
P en n sy lv an ia--------------------------- 240.4 1.7 _______ _____ ______ _______________ 32.5 _______ 32.7 30.5 141.9 ______ .6 .5
R hode Islan d __________________ 21.5 _______ ______ __________________________________ ____ ... 7.5 3.3 10.6 .1
S outh C arolina________________ 378.3 64.7 95.5 147.6 21.0 23.8 ________________ . . . . . . 1.4 22.5 1.4 ’ .4
S outh D a k o ta -------------------------- 824.0 339.4 _______ _______ 2.0 257.3 ________________ 212.5 ________________ 11.7 _______ 1.0 .1
Tennessee. .. . ... . 147.3 ___ . . .. .... 42.2 54.6 _____ . 15.9 . . 1.9 31.6 . 1.1
T exas--------------------- . .. 772.7 78.9 2.9 31.7 111.2 420.4 ________________ 31.8 . 6.7 84.8 4.1 .2 U ta h ------- . . .. 106.1 16.0 _______ ____ . 23.0 ______ _______ . 64.7 1.9 .3 .2 V e rm o n t... -------------------- __ 70.2 _____ _____ ____ 23.7 _____ . 3.5 37.3 _ _______ 5.4 . .2 .1
V irg in ia------------------------------------ 128.7 16.5 _______ 18.5 ______ 10.6 2.4 43.1 _______ ______ 20.6 15.8 _______ .9 .3
W ash in g to n ---------------------------- 124.6 6.9 _______ _______ 78.3 19.0 _____ . . . 8.3 . 5.7 4.0 _____ 2.0 .2 .2
W est V irg in ia.. 152.8 8.9 ___ 20.4 _. ____ 24.4 2.1 _____ 66.7 29.9 ______ .3 .1
W isconsin_________ __________ 278.1 49.6 10.7 _______ 36.8 23.7 ________________________ _______ .2 155.3 _______ 1.2 .4 .2
W y om in g--------------------------------- 259.1 82.5 _______ _______ 13.4 60.2 ________________ 101.8 ________________ .3 _______ .9 ________________
H aw aii________________________ 24.1 4.9 ______ ______________________________ 15.9 _______ 1.3 1.8 ________________ .2
P u erto R ico___________________ 43.7 _______ ___________________________________________ 42.6 __________________________________________ .5 .6
TABLE 21. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Estimated total cost,
public lands fund allotments, and mileage of public lands projects
completed during fiscal year ending June 30, 1940, and mileage
completed as of June 30, 1940, by State
State
Completed during fiscal year
Total completed
as of
Estimated June 30,1940
total cost
Public lands
fund allotments
Miles
Miles
Total________________________________ _______ $2, 526, 677 $2,472, 304 282.0 1, 836.3
Arizona - ___ ________- ----- 487, 602 472,679 48.0 205.1
California _ ____ ____ ___ - - - -------- 454,823 434,051 29.2 125.0
Colorado _____ - 36, 355 30,170 3.7 33.4
Idaho - - - ___ — — 61, 932 61,932 11.0 90.8
M ontana - ____ _______ 137,003 136,177 8.4 78.1
Nevada - ___ _ _ __ _ _ - - — - 382, 305 376, 386 92.4 602.4
New Mexico ________ - 77.3
North Dakota _ - _____ - - - - - 99, 667 97, 703 5.2 30.6
Oklahoma ______ - - — 39, 825 39, 825 1.2 11.2
Oregon ___ - - _______ - -------- ------- 211,941 210,268 32.7 176.8
South Dakota ___ _ __ -__— 19.6
Utah ____________________________________ 387, 833 387, 396 15.9 196.9
Washington _ - ______ 36,753 36,626 1.5 25.0
Wyoming____________________________________ -___ 190, 638 189,091 32.8 164.1
TABLE 22. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Estimated total cost,
public lands fund allotments, and mileage of public lands projects
approved but uncomplete and unobligated public lands fund balances
as of June 30, 1940, by State
State Estimated
total cost
Public lands
fund allotments
Miles Unobligated
balance
Total________________________________________ $1,578,867 $1,418,719 171.2 $1, 781, 723
Arizona _ _ _ _____ ___ 112,969 91,731 6.7 310, 903
California ____ _ __ ___ ____ - ____ 246,951 229,779 7.0 98, 762
Colorado ____ __ __ _ -- __ ______ 128, 487 116, 500 2.6 50, 479
Idaho _ _____ __ _ _ — _ 169.930 105, 530 11.4 72, 870
Montana __ - - 70,214 69, 234 4.7 101, 049
Nevada ____ __ - ____ ____ - __ 120,219 120, 219 45.8 407, 002
New Mexico __ ______ ___ _ __ 323,055 319,361 26. 3 127,018
North Dakota. - -__ - ___ ________ - ____ 19,296
Oklahoma _____ - __ 19,302
Oregon _ _ _____ _ __ _ ___ _ __ __ 35,290 17, 670 1.4 129,201
South Dakota _ _ __ __ __________ ____ ____ 136, 800 136, 800 22.4 39, 834
Utah______________________________________________ 62, 515 62, 515 17.3 201,212
Washington . __ _ ____ ____ _______ 16,915 16, 393 1.9 38.805
Wyoming_________________________________________ 155, 522 132,987 23.7 165,990
296
TABLE 23. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Stat us of flood-relief
funds provided under special flood-relief acts as of June 30, 1940
Status and State Estimated
total cost
Flood-relief
funds Miles
Completed during the fiscal year:
Total____________________________________________________ $444,897 $210,051 15.4
Arkansas__________________________________________________ 146,857 73,051 7.6
Kentucky__________________________________________________ 281,838 128,899 6.7
Missouri------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16, 202 8,101 1.1
Allotted to projects approved but uncomplete:
Total____________________________________________________ 1,113,886 415,419 49.1
Arkansas___________________________________________________ 173,632 86,816 20.8
Kentucky----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 108, 722 45,409 2.2
Mississippi________________________________________________ 589,400 282, 733 22.2
Missouri___________________________________________________ 242,132 461 3.9
TABLE 24. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Stat us of flood-relief
funds provided under section 3 of the Hayden-Cartwright Act as of
June 30, 1940
Status and State Estimated
total cost
Emergency
relief funds Miles
Completed during the fiscal year:
Total -- - ____ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ ___ _____ $3,673,867 $1,959, 655 50.2
California -____ _____ - - __ -- __ ____ 1, 796,791
83,609
171,602
1,028,143
41,804
83, 589
28,456
489,124
264,114
24, 425
37. 4
Kentucky_________________ -__ ______ ____________ ___ . 8
Maryland _ ___ - - __ - _____ . 7
Missouri __ ____ __________- __ - -__ 56,912
985, 548
528, 376
51,029
3. 7
Ohio - ___ _______ ________ - -- __ - -______- -- 6. 8
Texas _ _ _ - ___ _____________ _ _ .5
Vermont _________ ___ _ ___ _ ___ __ .3
Allotted to projects approved but uncomplete:
Total _ __ __ __ - __ _______ __ 2,794, 895 1,374,013 25.4
California ____ __ ___ - ______ _____ _____ __ ____ 46,216
1,468
26,985
734
. 1
Kentucky _ __ _____________________ ____ - ______ ____
Missouri___ _ ______ - __-____ ___ - - -___ 527,446
1,683,265
399,000
137, 500
237,624
840,420
199, 500
68, 750
10. 5
Ohio - ____ - - 13.3
Texas _. ___ __ _____ - - ___ ______ __ . 3
Vermont _ _ __ _ __ _______ 1.2
TABLE 25. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Stat us of National
recovery work-relief projects as of June 30, 1940
Status and State Estimated
total cost Federal funds Miles
Completed during the fiscal year:
Total _________________ - - _______ ______ -- $2, 573,234 $444,063 89.8
Minnesota _____ ______ 2,033, 019
125, 000
415, 215
325, 526
37, 500
81,037
4.6
23.6
61.6
Oklahoma _ _ _ ____ - _ _
Texas - - - - - ____ •___ ___ - -
Allotted to projects approved but uncomplete:
Total - - _____ _ __ 4, 297,346 810, 897 315.8
Minnesota_____ -__ ____ - __________ ______ __ 2, 830, 346
1,467,000
400, 797
410,100
6.7
Oklahoma__________________________________________________ 309.1
297
TABLE 26. PUBLIC] ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—S ta tu s on June 30, 1940, of loan-and-grant Public Works p ro jects
transferred by th e Public Works A dm in istration to th e Public Roads A dm in istration for supervision and au dit, by S ta te
A L L O TM E N T S FROM N A T IO N A L IN D U S T R IA L R E C O V E R Y A C T
F u n d s allotted b y P u b lic Works A dm inistra- Mileage, estim ated cost, and funds assigned to specific projects approved
tio n u n d er P ublic Works A dm inistration allotm ents
S tate T en tativ e A llotm ent b y contracts _ , . allotm ent b y executed „ .. , , F u n d s assigned
special board Miles E stim ated
for P ublic ------ to tal cost — -----------------------------------------— ------------------------
Works G ran t Loan G ran t Loan Other
T o ta l--------------------------------------------- $29,383,492 $18,973,392 $10,410,100 5,218.4 $68,314,859 $18,786,535 $10,410,100 $39,118,224
A lab am a------------------------------------------------- 70,248 20,617 49,631 6.7 70,248 20,617 49,631
C alifornia------------------------------------------------ 1,310,864 1,310,864 16.4 6,063,238 1,310,864 _ 4,752,374
C o n n ecticu t-------------------------------------------- 1,207,596 1,207,596 68.7 4,825,941 1,207,596 3,618,345
Illin o is---------------------------------------------------- 2,400,618 2,400,618 97.6 8,256,422 2,400,618 5,855,804
In d ia n a--------------------------------------------------- 200,662 200,662 34.5 765,294 200,662 564,632
Iow a-------------------------------------------------------- 307,587 307,587 _______________ 823.6 1,061,690 307,587 _______ .. 754,103
K an sas---------------------------------------------------- 5,119,130 1,524,130 3,595,000 410.0 5,686.101 1.524, 130 3,595,000 566,971
L ouisiana------------------------------------------------ 269,258 88.258 181,000 47.4 300,515 88,258 181,000 31,257 M ary lan d ------------------------------------------------ 4.220,000 1,590,000 2,630,000 73.9 5,331,317 1,470,902 2,630,000 1,230,415
M assach u setts----------------------------------------- 1,702,395 1,702,395 _______________ 105.1 5,508,720 1.634,636 .. ____ 3,874,084
M ichigan------------------------------------------------- 10,000 10,000 _______________ 29.0 39,818 10,000 . . . 29 818
M in n eso ta ----------------------------------------------- 1,337,211 952,211 385,000 472.9 3,261,752 952,211 385,000 1,924,541
M ississippi---------------------------------------------- 559,135 161,149 397,986 85.2 559,135 161,149 397,986
M issouri------------------------------------------------ 1,026.000 1,026,000 _____ _______ 50.6 3,473,587 1,026,000 ___ .. 2,447,587 M o n tan a------------------------------------------------- 1,829,000 579,000 1,250,000 697.8 1,955,463 579,000 1.250.000 126,463
N eb rask a------------------------------------------------- 11,500 11,500 _______________ 59.5 40,120 11,500 ___________ 28,620
New Y o rk ----------------------------------------------- 736,814 375,033 361,781 30.9 1,282,140 375,034 361,781 545,325
Ohio-------------------------------------------------------- 793,180 139,878 653,302 27.2 995,848 139,878 653,302 202,668
S outh C arolina---------------------------------------- 76,083 21,283 54,800 28.0 76,083 21,283 54,800
T exas------------------------------------------------------ 1,471,021 931,421 539,600 238.2 3,254,907 931,421 539,600 1,783,886
W ash in g to n -------------------------------------------- 2,270,890 2,270,890 ________________ 1,275.2 8,209,058 2,270,889 _______ ____ 5,938,169
West V irginia----------------------------------------- 2.000,000 2,000,000 ___________ .. 453.6 6,771,285 2,000,000 _______________ 4,771,285
W isconsin------------------------------------------------ 454,300 142,300 312,000 86.4 526,177 142,300 312,000 71,877
298
274771—41----20
299
A L L O TM E N T S F R O M E M E R G E N C Y R E L IE F A P P R O P R IA T IO N A C T OF 1935
T o ta l____ __________ ____________ $26,875,087 $25,763,691 $1,111,396 4,239.7 $58,621,880 $25,524,382 $1,111,396 $31,986,102
California_______________________________ 57,821 57,821 .4 128,842 57,821 71,021
Colorado________________________________ 3,000,000 3,000,000 266.6 7,267,500 3,000,000 4,267,500
F lo rid a_________________________________ 71,514 71,514 .6 158,921 71,514 87,407
Illinois__________________________________ 586,673 586,673 114.1 1,396,151 586,673 809,478
Iow a____________________________________ 393,319 393,319 862.1 903,659 393,319 510,340 K a n sa s... _______ 14,463 14,463 .6 33,364 14,463 18,901 M a ry la n d _______________________________ 1,000,000 1,000,000 25.4 1,852,497 833,624 1,018,873
Michigan ... ____________ 119,435 119,435 16.5 290,093 119,435 170,658
M innesota ... ________________________ 152,389 152,389 69.2 345,351 152,389 192,962
M ississip p i.. _________________________ 15,325,683 15,325,683 1,393.2 34,398,139 15,321,163 19,076,976
Missouri ... 396,700 396,700 364.5 881,690 396,699 484,991
N ebraska _____________________________ 6,612 6,612 18.0 14,915 6,612 8,303
New Jersey_____________________________ 29,863 29,863 3.0 66,362 29,863 36,499
N ew Y o rk . _________________________ 212,872 212,872 28.7 518,538 212,872 305,666 O h io . . _ .. ___________________ 744,519 356,123 388,396 229.5 805,399 356,123 388,396 60,880 P e n n sy lv a n ia __________________________ 349,969 349,969 _______ . 1.7 625,682 281,557 ___________ 344,125
S outh Carolina ___________________ 707,069 474,069 233,000 249.7 1,071,831 474,069 233,000 364,762
Texas . . _____ . . . 2,930,193 2,440,193 490,000 382.0 5,857,571 2,440,193 490,000 2,927.378
U tah . . ___________ 45,900 45,900 _______________ 29.1 116,353 45,900 _______________ 70,453
W ashington .. . _______________ 730,093 730,093 _______________ 184.8 1,889,022 730,093 _______________ 1,158,929
TABLE 26. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—S ta tu s on June 30, 1940, of loan-and-grant Public Works p ro jects
transterred by th e Public Works A dm in istration to th e Public Roads A dm in istration for supervision S ta te— and au dit, by Continued
A L L O TM E N T S F R O M P U B L IC W O R K S A D M IN IS T R A T IO N A P P R O P R IA T IO N A C T OF 1938
F u n d s allotted b y P u b lic Works A dm inistra- Mileage, estim ated cost, and funds assigned to specific projects approved
tion u n d er P ublic Works A dm inistration allotm ents
S tate T en tativ e A llotm ent b y contracts _ . , allotm ent b y executed T, .. . , F u n d s assigned
special b o a r d ______ _ _ _ Miles E stim ated
for P ublic ~ A --------- to tal c o s t ------- ■-------------------------------------------------------------------
Works G ran t | Loan G ran t Loan Other
T o ta l--------------------------------------------- $23,176,361 $23,176,361 ________________ 8,221.5 $51,204,391 $22,364,181 ________________ $28,840,210
A labam a------------------------------------------------- 84,965 84,965 ------------------------ 12.0 188,811 84,965 _______________ 103,846
California------------------------------------------------ 196,680 196,680 _______________ 22.7 388,020 174,542 _____ _ 213 478
Colorado-------------------------- „--------------------- 454,950 454,950 _______________ 51.3 <078,720 454,950 ___________ 623,770
C o n n ecticu t------- ------------------------------------- 2,016,484 2,016,484 ________________ 33.7 4,276,759 1,921,343 ________________ 2,355 416 F lo rid a------- ----------- 769,223 769,223 83.2 1,812,306 747,752 1,064,554
Georgia---------------------------------------------------- 508,500 508,500 ------------------------ 84.9 1,128,000 507,600 .. ... 620 400
Id ah o ------------------------------------------------------- 49,854 49,854 74.9 112,251 49,854 . . . . 62,397
Illinois----------------------------------------------------- 2,311,615 2,311,615 240.9 4,610,606 1,925,327 _____ ... 2,685,279
Iow a-------------------------------------------------------- 1,077,379 1,077,379 1,187.2 2,418,924 1,070,748 1,348,176
K an sas---------------------------------------------------- 285,386 285,386 34.7 638,968 285,386 353,582
K en tu ck y ------------------------------------------------ 100,945 100,945 _______________ 25.1 224,572 100,945 _____ . 123 627
M assach u setts----------------------------------------- 49,050 49,050 _______________ .4 84,017 37 807 46 210 M ichigan------------------------------------------------- 1,937,790 1,937,790 342.3 4,489,279 1,937,790 . . 2,551*489
M in n eso ta------------------- ----------------------- 1,466,539 1,466,539 ________________ 1,513.3 3,257,390 1,434,210 1,823,180
M ississippi---------------------------------------------- 3,074,295 3,074,295 387.2 7,106,313 3,058,389 . . . 4,047,924
M issouri-------------------------------------------------- 753,073 753,073 _______________ 705.6 1,683,364 747,863 . ________ 935,501
N eb rask a------------------------------------------------- 24,750 24,750 .5 60,936 24,750 . 36 186
New Jersey --------------------------------------------- 33,454 33,454 _______________ .4 83,926 33,454 . 50,472
N ew Y o rk ----------------------------------------------- 67,669 67,669 _______________ .2 150,578 67,669 . 82 909 N o rth D ak o ta ----------------------------------------- 564,250 564,250 255.1 1,256,433 564,250 692,183
Ohio-------------------------------------------------------- 735,464 735,464 1,287.7 1,622,061 717,020 . ________ 905,041
O klahom a----------------------------------------------- 105,297 105,297 80.1 235,906 105,297 130,609
Oregon---------------------------------------------------- 415,163 415,163 400.7 946,956 415,163 . . 531,793
P en n sy lv an ia------------------------------------------ 172,102 172,102 4.6 359,446 161,751 . 197,695
S outh C aro lin a--------------------------------------- 671,182 671,182 389.7 1,387,392 621,862 765,530
Texas------------------------------------------------------- 2,295,554 2,295,554 591.0 4,990,263 2,245,095 . _ 2,745,168
V erm ont-------------------------------------------------- 231,482 231,482 3.8 451,247 198,637 .. _ 252,610
W ashington -------------------------------------------- 1,419,292 1,419,292 265.8 3,085,915 1,365,788 1,720,127
W est Virginia------------------------------------------ 1,156,050 1,156,050 129.4 2,665,430 1,156,050 ____________ 1,509,380
Wisconsin--------------------------- 1___________ 147,924 147,924 _______________ 13.1 409,602 147,924 _______________ 261,678
300
TABLE 27. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION— Mileage of the forest
highway system, by forest road class and by State, as of June 30, 1940
Region and State or Territory Total Class l1 Class 22 Class 33
Grand total _____ _ . __ . ____
Miles
21,934.1
Miles
8,939. 5
Miles
8,386. 7
Miles
4, 607. 9
Western:
Total___ ... ___ _ _ _ _______ ________ 12, 770. 6 5, 282. 8 4, 770. 6 2. 717. 2
Alaska __ _____ ____ _____ - _________ ____ 352.8 352.8
447. 7
528.8
45.0
191.5
231.0
31.0
Arizona.. . _. _ ____ 1,058. 5
2,436.8
1,743.0
1,078.0
1, 206.8
418.7
397. 4 213.4
California ....____ ____ _ 670. 7 1, 237. 3
1,097. 0
165.2
Colorado ______ .... ___ _ 601.0
Idaho ____ _____ ... 721.3
Montana . __ __ ___ ____ 671.2 304. 6
Nevada______ ______ _____ 157. 2 230.5
New Mexico__ . .. __ _ ____ 683.0 160. 0 523.0
Oregon . ... ___ _ ____ __ 1, 382. 3 719.3 352.6 310.4
86.0
34. 2
South Dakota ___ .... ____ 306.0 220.0
Utah.__ . ____ ____ ____... _ _________ .... 716.5 191.4 490.9
Washington __ _ . __ 761.2 391. 3 123.1 246.8
Wyoming 627.0 382.0 33.0 212.0
Eastern:
Total . ..__ __ ... 9,163. 5 3, 656. 7 3,616.1 1,890. 7
Alabama ..... . ______ . . _ . __ . 55.0 4.0 20.0 31.0
Arkansas__ . ___ .. ___ 629. 5 274. 6 310.3 44.6
Florida.__ __ .... 246.3 27.3 219.0
Georgia___ __ . _ . 205.3 110. 3 69. 7 25.3
35.0
28. 5
Illinois____ ____ ___________________ 285. 6 223.1 27.5
Kentucky ___ _ _____ _ _________ 293. 4 132.8 132.1
Louisiana __ __ ... 457. 4 66.1 369.4 21.9
Maine.__ ___ ..... 11.0 11. 0
Michigan. ... . .. ___ 1,024.9
584.0
466. 7 283.8 274. 4
Minnesota_______ .. ____ _ 179.4 217.7 186. 9
Mississippi______________ _____________ _________ 539.0 204.0 264.0 71.0
Missouri__ ___ ________.13________________-_______ 832.5 426.2 160.1 246. 2
Nebraska _ ___ ________ 28.8 10.4 18 4
New Hampshire .. _____ 174. 7 40.9 92. 1 41.7
North Carolina .... __ 824.9 483.6 283.0 58. 3
Oklahoma __ ____ _ ...... .. 62.0 31.5 17.0 13. 5
Pennsylvania___ __________________ ____ __ _ __ 371.4 123.8 228.7 18.9
Puerto Rico ... _ ... 21.0 21.0
South Carolina __ ________________ _. .. 348.0 237.8 99. 2 11. 0
Tennessee _______ .. . _____ 346.8 165.1 134.6 47.1
Texas ... _____ _ _ _ _ __ . 403.1 123.5 168.4 111. 2
Vermont .. . _ ____ ... .... 134. 5 32. 7 43. 2 58.6
Virginia __ ____ .... ___ _________ _____ 456.1 79.0 135.4 241. 7
West Virginia . ____ ___ _ . .... 379. 5 131. 0 168. 2 80.3
Wisconsin___ . .. .. ... 448.8 82.9 172.7 193.2
1 Class 1.—Forest roads forming sections of the Federal-aid highway system, either wholly within or.
when so designated by the Chief of the Forest Service and the Commissioner of Public Roads, partly without
and adjacent to the national forests.
2 Class 2.—Forest roads, not of class 1, which are parts of approved State highway systems, when so designated
by the Chief of the Forest Service and the Commissioner of Public Roads.
s Class 3.—All other forest roads of primary importance to counties or communities.
301
TABLE 28. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Mileage of forest
highway projects, by construction status and by State, as of June 30,
1940
Region and State or Territory
Total completed
as of
June 30,
1940
Completed during fiscal year ending
June 30, 1940 Under construction
as of June
Total Initial im30,
1940
provement
Stage construction
Miles Miles Miles Miles ■ M ties
Grand total________________________ 7,046. 7 548.1 219.6 328.5 355.2
Western:
Total______________________________ 6. 296. 7 451.2 122. 7 328.5 291.4
Alaska------------------------------------------------ 249.7 18.3 3.4 14.9 9.0
Arizona______________________________ 580. 5 12. 5 4. 7 7. 8 44. 8
California____________________________ 836.8 43. 8 11. 1 32. 7 61. 0
Colorado_____________________________ 553. 6 64. 9 9. 3 55. 6 31. 5
Idaho________________________________ 736. 2 109. 8 36. 6 73. 2 10. 7
Montana_____________________________ 635.7 48.2 9.7 38.5 37.8
Nevada______________________________ lyy. 7 13. 9 13. 9
New Mexico_______ ..______________ 320. 0 51. 2 4. 1 47.1
Oregon...-------------------------------------------- 1,039.4 42. 4 7. 2 35. 2 65.5
South Dakota________ .______________ 68. 0 15. 5 i. 2 8. 3—
Utah_________________________________ 366.6 7.2 5.6 1.6 9.5
Washington__________________ :_______ 350. 6 11. 9 9. 8 2.1 14. 0
Wyoming____________________________ 359. 9 11. 6 . 1 11. 5 7. 6
-- ----------------
Eastern:
Total-------------------- - ------------------------ 750.0 96.9 96.9— 63.8
Alabama_____ ._______________________ 5.1
5.9 5.9
_ __ _ _
Arkansas_____________________________ 137. 6 13.3
Florida_______________________________ 61. 6 11. 7
Georgia_______________________________ 21. 3
Illinois_______________________________ 4. 7 — 3.8
Kentucky____________________________ .1 . 1
Louisiana____________________________ . 8 . 3 . 3
Maine________________________________ 3. 2 3. 2 3. 2
Michigan____________________________ 66.5 9. 7 9. 7 7.0
Minnesota___________________________ 140. 5 20. 4 20. 4— 8.1
Mississippi___________________________ .1
16.9 16.9
. 1
Missouri________________ _____________ 31.1
Nebraska_____________________________ 8. 7
New Hampshire______________________ 36. 7 7. 6 7. 6—
North Carolina_______________________ 62.9 1/. 9 17. 9— 2.0
Oklahoma__________________________ 16.1
Pennsylvania_________________________ 11. 9 1. 3 1. 3
South Carolina_______________________ 16. 9
Tennessee____________________________ 43. 2 —
Texas________________________________ 11.7 6.6 6.6—
Vermont_____________________________
Virginia______________________________ 29.5
West Virginia________________________ 10. 3 13.1
Wisconsin____________________________ 29. 5 7.1 7.1 __ ___ _ __ 4. 2
302
TABLE 29. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION— Mileage of highways
in or leading to national parks and monuments, by construction
status and by area, as of June 30, 1940
Park, monument or parkway
Total completed
1 as
of June 30,
1940
Completed during fiscal year
ending June 30, 1940 Under construction
as
of June 30,
Total Initial im1940
provement
Stage construction
Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
Total. --------------------------------------------- 1. 690. 5 329.5 123.3 206.2 428.3
Acadia___ _______________________________ 18.8 3.4 3.4
86.6
4.5
Blue Ridge_______________________________ 198. 8 151.5 64.9 118. 7
Boulder Dam____________________________ 15. 5 6. 1 6.1—
Bryce____________________________________ 21. 7
Carlsbad Caverns________________________ 8.4
Chalmette________________________________ .5
Chickamauga-Chattanooga ._____ r______ 26. 7 9.1 9. 1—
Colonial__________________________________ 12. 9
5.4 5.4
. 5
Crater Lake______________________________ 65. 9 8. 2
Devils Tower_____________________________ .3 —
Fort Donelson____________________________ 2.7
Fort Matanzas_________________________ — . 5 —
Fort Pulaski_____________________________ . 3 —
Fredericksburg-Spotsylvania_____________ 23.1
George Washington Birthplace...________ 2.6
Gettysburg_______________________________ 9.5
15.8
------- _
Glacier___________________________________ 73. 8 15.8 22.1
Grand Canyon___________________________ 193.0 34. 5
Great Smoky Mountains_________________ 29. 1 21.8
Guilford Court House____________________ 2.6
Hawaii___________________________________ 35.6
Hot Springs______________________________ 3.4
Kill Devil Hill___________________________ 1. 6
Kings Canyon (formerly General Grant)... 15.0 4.7— 4.7 4.6
Lassen Volcanic__________________________ 35. 1
Meriwether Lewis_____ ___________________ 1.8 ----------- _ _
Mesa Verde______________________________ 32. 0
Morristown______________________________ 2. 7
Mount Rainier_________ _________________ 86.4 1.6 1.5 . 1 17.2
Natchez Trace____________________________ 46.8 10.7 10.7— 77. 5
National Capital Parks___________________ 6.1 . 1 .1 ___________.9
Petersburg_______________________________ 8.0
Petrified Forest__________________________ 31.1
Rocky Mountain_________________________ 51.4 8.1— 8.1
Scotts Bluff______________________________ 1. 6
Sequoia__________________________________ 45.9 19.8— 19.8—
Shenandoah______________________________ 96.8 13.9 13.9
Shiloh ___________________________________ 10. 6
Vicksburg___________________ _•___________ 9. 7 1.2 1. 2 . 8
Wind Cave_______________________________ 15.9 —
Yellowstone______________________________ 312.1 46.4 9.7 36.7 70.7
Y osemite_____________________________ •___ 108. 7 24.9 4. 4 20.5 41. 7
Zion______________________________________ 25. 5 6.8 6.8— 4. 6
Low standard access roads (not included
above)__________________________________ 66.4 44.3 40.3 4.0—
1 Changes in mileage due to corrections resulting from final surveys are reflected in this table.
303
TABLE 30. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION.—Mileage of approach
roads to national parks and monuments, by construction status and
by location, as of June 30, 1940
Road Park Designated Under construction
Completed
Total________________________
Fresno-Kings Canyon_____________
Cameron-Desert View_____________
South Approach__________________
Jacobs Lake-North Rim___________
Mineral-Lassen Volcanic__________
Sequoia-Kings Canyon____________
Custer-Wind Cave________________
Southwest Approach_____________
Moran-Y ellowstone_______________
Red Lodge-Cooke City____________
East Approach___________________
Zion-Bryce Canyon_______________
Cedar Breaks_____________________
Kings Canyon_________________
Grand Canyon_________________
____do__________________________
____do__________________________
Lassen Volcanic________________
Sequoia-Kings Canyon_________
Wind Cave_____________________
Yellowstone____________________
____do__________________________
____do__________________________
____do__________________________
Zion-Bryce Canyon____________
Cedar Breaks__________________
Miles
309.7
Miles
9.2
Miles
255.5
12.9 4.6 8.6
28.1— 28.1
52. 3
31.2 i 30. 9
52. 3
30.9
8.8—f 4.7
I »4.1
13.5 13.5
8.6— 8. 6
13. 9 13. 9
24. 0 5.8
59. 7
23.0 >9.2
59. 7
22.6
31.3 4.6 6.8
2.4
1 Stage construction, bituminous surfacing. Figures not included in total.
2 Graded as a forest-road project. Figure not included in total.
304
Selected List of Publications of the
Public Roads Administration
Public Roads—A Monthly Journal:
The research of the Public Roads Administration relating to all phases of
highway construction, economics, and transport is published in the monthly
magazine Public Roads. Subscription to the magazine is through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C., at $1 per year.
Annual Reports
Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Public Roads, 1931, 1934, 1936-39, 10
cents; 1933, 1935, 5 cents.
House Document No. 462, 75th Congress, 3d Session (1938):
Part 1. —Nonuniformity of State Motor-Vehicle Traffic Laws. 15 cents.
Part 2. —Skilled Investigation at the Scene of the Accident Needed to Develop
Causes. 10 cents.
Part 3. —Inadequacy of State Motor-Vehicle Accident Reporting. 10 cents.
Part 4. -—Official Inspection of Vehicles. 10 cents.
Part 5. -—Case Histories of Fatal Highway Accidents. 10 cents.
Part 6. —The Accident-Prone Driver. 10 cents.
Miscellaneous Publications:
Construction of Private Driveways. (No. 272MP.) 10 cents.
Guides to Traffic Safety. 10 cents.
Highways of History. 25 cents.
Bibliography on Highway Safety. (No. 296MP.)
Toll Roads and Free Roads. House Document No. 272, 76th Congress, 1st
Session (1939).
Road Work on Farm Outlets Needs Ski 1 and Right Equipment. (No.
1036Y).
Any of the foregoing publications for which a price is listed may be purchased
from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Please send no
remittances to the Public Roads Administration nor to the Federal Works Agency.
Single copies of those publications for which no price is listed may be obtained
from the Public Roads Administration upon request.
305
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306
Appendix D
PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION
TABLE 1. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—Average number' of
persons employed at construction sites of Federal and non-Federal
PWA projects, United States and Territories, by month, 1933-1940
Year and month Total Federal
projects
Non-
Federal
projects
Year and month Tota Federal
projects
Non-
Federal
projects
1933 1937
July__________________ 224 107 117 January______________ 176, 209 51, 679 124,530
August_______________ 9, 269 8, 590 679 February_____________ 156, 504 48, 808 107, 696
September____________ 80,184 77, 780 2,404 March________________ 172, 942 47, 325 125, 617
October_______________ 194,183 187, 480 6, 703 April_________________ 177, 214 50,938 126,276
November____________ 287, 501 274, 639 12, 862 May__________________ 202, 546 50, 783 151, 763
December____________ 308, 652 284,049 24, 603 June__________________ 178, 702 48, 739 129, 963
1934 July__________________ 160, 896 45, 709 115,187
January__ __ . 284, 356 260, 215 24,141 August.. ... .. 166, 954 41, 065 125, 889
February. ____ 289, 871 258,150 31, 721 September____________ 136, 242 37, 783 98, 459
March____ . .. 318, 221 274,443 43, 778 October_______________ 125, 986 32, 642 93; 344
April_____ _________ . 398, 630 331, 256 67, 374 November____________ 84, 308 15,198 69,110
May . . .. ______ .. 533, 756 437, 605 96,151 December _ 76, 839 12, 477 64, 362
June__________________ 631, 647 505,782 125,865
1938
July ... . .. .. .. 650, 653 501,645 149, 008 January______ ... 79, 379 9, 685 69, 694
August ....... 633, 340 471, 536 161, 804 February__ ______ . 7i 014 7,904 64,110
September___ _____ 547, 483 392, 540 154,943 March____ _ _______ 84, 695 8 ', 510 76,185
October 499, 829 342, 298 157, 531 April__ .... . 89, 747 8. 610 81, 137
November 437, 069 286; 664 150; 405 May___ .. __ -. 97, 075 8, 519 88; 556
December. _ . . 332,933 210; 374 122; 559 June________ _ ______ 96; 570 7; 615 88; 955
1935 July__________________ 93, 234 8, 712 84, 522
January____ _. . 271, 032 165,228 105, 804 August______ _______ 103, 887 20, 606 83, 281
February___ . 241, 426 146, 347 95, 079 September _ . _ ... 104, 748 28, 630 76; 118
March . _ 261, 405 153, 401 108,104 October_______ ______ 155, 822 40,174 115, 648
April . __ . 295, 655 171, 594 124,061 November. 173,122 41, 622 131, 500
May ... 319, 857 183,050 136, 807 December. .. . 190, 446 41', 330 149,116
June. .. . ____ _ ____ 311, 589 175, 627 135, 962
1939
Julv. ________________ 284,183 147,158 137,025 January____ .. ... . 210, 268 38,813 171,455
August ___ 270, 583 138, 573 132, 010 February.. ... 213,173 39, 588 173, 585
September. _ _ ___ __ 259, 545 123, 300 136; 245 March ______ . 239', 397 43', 738 195, 659
October. 243, 087 118, 968 124,119 April___ _ . . 264, 215 43,199 221,016
November____________ 204; 053 105; 024 99, 029 May__________________ 287, 347 45, 301 242', 046
December. .... 193,112 92, 677 100, 435 June. _ 303, 217 41, 387 261,830
1936 July__________________ 260, 729 38,351 222,378
January______________ 173, 510 85, 623 87, 887 August_______________ 298,231 34,461 263, 770
February 159, 654 80, 235 79, 419 September .... 229, 589 31,337 198, 252
March... . .... 238, 513 86; 534 15i; 979 October_____________ _ 214; 685 26; 540 188,145
April.. ________ 271,103 89. 614 181,489 November____________ 178, 919 27, 542 151, 377
M*ay______________ ... 323,655 95, 533 228,122 December____________ 129, 763 17,711 112,052
June . ... 335, 368 91, 717 243, 651
1940
July__________________ 313, 745 82,057 231,688 January____________ . 79,236 13, 572 65. 664
August_______________ 337, 229 82,090 255,139 February_____________ 81, 865 12, 769 69, 096
September_____ _____ 281,110 74, 688 206, 422 March________________ 88, 634 11,124 77, 510
October___________ ... 258, 862 73,992 184, 870 April_________________ 88, 270 10,065 78, 205
November____________ 255, 971 66, 076 189. 895 May__________________ 90, 676 10, 297 80, 379
December____________ 202, 525 59, 428 143, 097 June__________________ 81, 920 10, 537 71, 383
1 Average number of persons employed is computed as the mean of the weekly pay-roll counts made during
the calendar month. Excludes supervisory and administrative employees of the project sponsors;
Includes employment on PWA housing projects up to Nov. 1, 1937, when these projects were transferred
to the U. S. Housing Authority.
307
1939
TABLE 2. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—A verage number' of
persons employed at construction sites of all PWA projects, by State
and by month, for fiscal year ending June 30, 1940
State or Territory
July August September
October November
December
Total_____________________ ____ ____ 260,729 298, 231 229,589 214,685 177,919 129,763
Alabama_______ 4,129 6,096 3,731 3, 707 2,833 2, 441
Arizona.. _ 1(472 1( 246 ' 566 420 367 ' 317
Arkansas____ 1 433 2(095 1,236 1,568 1,439 1,058
California____ _____ 9 486 9,' 953 7( 225 6, 677 4,125 3( 990
Colorado___... 4 543 4,334 3( 429 3(443 2(892 2; 183
Connecticut. 5, 496 5, 308 5,130 5,021 4,428 3,474
Delaware.... . ' 902 1(264 1(026 ' 451 207 69
District of Columbia 2,895 3,365 959 802 2,103 2,153
Florida________ 1,652 3 068 1,896 1, 710 1, 286 852
Georgia_________ 4 819 4, 488 2, 743 3, 233 3,100 2, 933
Idaho.. ... . 1, 445 757 508 248 43 8
Illinois______ __ 11, 407 16, 382 12, 831 12, 732 8, 988 8,837
Indiana_______ 7,122 10, 226 6,989 7, 290 6, 111 4,848
Iowa______ 2, 928 5, 974 4,119 3, 189 2,461 1, 653
Kansas .. ._ 2, 750 2, 301 2,633 2, 291 1,767 1( 391
Kentucky.. . _ 5,123 5, 499 4, 223 4,071 3,058 2, 335
Louisiana... ... 4, 732 5( 724 3, 797 3,888 3,444 3,002
Maine___ 963 1(083 ' 792 606 488 368
Maryland.. . 5, 191 6,543 5,148 5,042 14, 324 3,662
Massachusetts... 7, 716 8, 862 7,165 6, 060 2(565 3, 460
Michigan... 27, 522 11,615 8, 916 8, 240 6, 265 3, 972
Minnesota____ _____ 9( 040 9( 491 6( 716 5, 331 4,106 2,756
Mississippi. _. .. . 5(845 7( 250 6, 724 6,206 4(753 1( 587
Missouri____ 5,717 6,106 4,192 3,890 2,788 2,403
Montana______________________ __________ 1( 562 2, 240 1( 959 2( 601 1( 349 959
Nebraska___ 3,197 4,205 1,652 1,235 2,576 668
Nevada.._ . ' 207 279 193 ' 144 87 141
New Hampshire______ . 1,090 1,414 1,029 989 766 444
New Jersey... ... 6, 067 7( 409 6(026 6, 216 5,077 4,114
New Mexico_________ . _ 1,031 1,139 787 ' 598 314 278
New York__________ . 20,219 24,161 25, 099 23, 930 19,057 16, 487
North Carolina______________ _. 5,995 6( 784 5,336 4, 620 3,531 3,174
North Dakota . 1.691 1,603 944 418 289 187
Ohio ... ... 12, 628 16,195 10,870 10,582 8,174 7,304
Oklahoma____ _ . . 5( 120 5( 424 4,427 3,637 3,199 2,811
Oregon____ __ 1,594 1,859 1,395 1,171 833 661
Pennsylvania.. _____ . ... 18, 244 25( 485 21, 610 20,983 16, 528 9,965
Rhode Island. 1( 248 2,087 1( 596 1,587 1,468 1,234
South Carolina . . 4, 432 6, 429 4,103 3,849 2,441 1,719
South Dakota. '499 ' 598 365 371 240 218
Tennessee________________ 3,000 3,442 2,416 2,151 1,391 1,129
Texas_________ ___________ 8, 550 11,899 7, 928 6,118 4,780 3, 697
Utah______ 1,151 1,106 906 ' 725 858 505
Vermont___ 1,137 1,411 588 511 214 78
Virginia__________________ 7( 870 8,959 6, 364 5, 773 5,124 3,937
Washington____ .... ... ___ ... _ 5,505 5, 371 4,612 4, 376 7,591 3,034
West Virginia______ _ _ ________ ... 3, 323 6,052 4, 699 3,167 2,381 1,510
Wisconsin___ 6, 353 8,076 6, 788 6, 591 3, 793 2, 597
Wyoming___ 893 920 1,428 587 511 291
Alaska.. ~ ... 114 68 41 22 3
Hawaii____ ____ _____________________ 738 723 426 338 227 29
Puerto Rico______ _ ___ ....... 2,241 3.453 2, 923 4,891 1,674 2, 353
Virgin Islands___________________________ 295 275 305 321 212 176
Various__________________________________ 407 135 121 48 271 308
1 Average number of persons employed is computed as the mean of the weekly pay-roll counts made
during the calendar month. Excludes supervisory and administrative employees of the project sponsors.
308
1940
TABLE 2. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—A verage number' of
persons employed at construction sites of all PWA projects, by State
and by month, for fiscal year ending June 30, 1940—Continued
State or Territory
January
February
March April May June
Total______________________________ 79, 236 81,865 88,634 88,270 90, 676 81,920
Alabama_______________________________ 1,674 1,507 1,675 1,087 448 708
Arizona ... ______ ... . ____ ________ ’ 227 ' 185 155 70 78 88
Arkansas__ ... _ . 600 448 342 154 51 6
California .. . . . . .____ ___ 2,421 3,053 4,631 4,470 4,620 3,241
Colorado________ ______________ _______ 1,691 1,616 1,419 1,376 1,164 1,171
Connecticut . _________ ______ .. . ___ 2,469 1, 662 1,752 1,967 1,827 1,812
Delaware. . ... . ... ... . _ 43 47 55 20 80 28
District of Columbia.:.. _______ ________ 2, 230 1,999 1,023 800 925 1,139
Florida_____ ... ... ______ _ __________ ’ 831 ' 762 784 520 419 440
Georgia. .. ... ___ . ___ . .. ... 2,150 2,116 1,950 1,655 1,139 301
Idaho.. ________ _____ ... _ ... .. . 19 9 21 7 19 19
Illinois____ ... ... .. .. 2, 652 5,627 5,963 6,630 7, 773 6,926
Indiana_____ ... _ ____ . . 3^ 434 2*790 2,703 2, 560 2,708 2,239
Iowa___ ... 211 895 ' 686 ' 281 243 111
Kansas_____________________ ______ __ 751 947 1,067 822 663 321
Kentucky_______________________ ______ 618 1,086 1,591 1,448 1,343 1,128
Louisiana________ ...___ ____ 14 2,001 1,870 1,133 683 159
Maine .. 33 239 ’ 227 ' 217 204 234
Maryland__ ___ __ .. ______ _______ 1,226 2, 347 2,527 2,268 2,490 2,293
Massachusetts__________________ . _____ ' 328 2, 448 2, 234 2,436 2,602 2, 399
Michigan___ ....___________ ... ._ 417 1,538 871 753 588 411
Minnesota_________ _______ _ ... .. . 1,960 L354 1,070 1,158 1,190 720
Mississippi.. . 1,358 1,132 1,415 1,645 1,931 1,873
Missouri.. ... ... . ....... L411 L 388 L 555 1,279 819 753
Montana__ ___ ... . ... ______ 709 ' 685 555 643 530 442
Nebraska_______ ... _ ___ ____ 404 720 727 1,485 1, 591 1,535
Nevada_______ .... _______ 76 49 24 19 18 22
New Hampshire 289 265 149 138 223 253
New Jersey__________ _ __ __ 2,737 2, 810 2,919 3,221 2,820 2,395
New Mexico__ __________ .. 236 ' 177 '359 ' 237 '425 562
New York.. _ . .. ... .... 13,317 8, 676 11,352 11,880 11,655 9, 732
North Carolina... . ______________ 2,151 1,633 L237 856 612 238
North Dakota.. ... ’ 142 79 52 87 119 57
Ohio___ _ .. .. ._ ... _ 4, 778 4, 301 4,029 4,720 4,963 4,809
Oklahoma... _ ____ ... _____ 2,191 2^631 2, 377 1,999 1,583 1,402
Oregon. _ ____ ..... 523 309 363 314 335 348
Pennsylvania ___ __ _ _____________ 7, 257 6, 830 8, 507 11,190 16. 816 17,178
Rhode Island____________________________ ' 950 734 933 1,169 1,255 1,198
South Carolina__________________________ 1,090 2,369 2,907 2,673 2,961 2,952
South Dakota___________________________ 79 47 73 64 127 80
Tennessee_________________ . _ _____ 801 945 1,197 1,141 1,008 1,061
Texas... . .. .. ___________ 1,450 2,060 2,142 1,373 1.050 881
Utah_____________________________________ 379 303 '314 '342 364 363
Vermont ...__ _____________ 30 36 2 5 12 13
Virginia__________________________________ 2,489 2,670 2,001 1,951 1,942 1, 915
Washington_____________________________ 2,931 1, 559 3,017 2,633 1,737 1,669
West Virginia . ___________ __ 766 706 574 545 553 401
Wisconsin_______________________________ 1,496 671 762 844 706 374
Wyoming________________________________ 167 124 164 117 109 118
Alaska_____ . . _______ . _____ 2 10 33 53
Hawaii .. ________________________ ____ 202
Puerto Rico_____________ _____ __ . 2,257 2,815 3,641 3,477 2,729 2,920
Virgin Islands___________________________ 322 406 360 266 '280 237
Various__________________________________ 249 129 309 115 113 192
For footnote, see p. 308.
309
TABLE 3. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—Average number' of
persons employed at construction sites of all PWA projects, by major
type of project and by State, June 1939
State or Territory Total Buildings
Sewer
and
water
systems
Electric
power
(excluding
water
power)
Streets
and
highways
Heavy
engineering
structures
Flood
control,
water
power,
and
reclamation
Aviation
Vessels
Miscella
neous-
Total_______30_3_,217 171,152 36,602 6,930 48,007 12,608 9,215 2,563 1,071 15,069
Alabama______________ 6, 724 4,718 77 346 1,074 251
.364
__ -- 258
Arizona_______________ 1,837 957 156— 267 93
Arkansas______________ 1,739 1,322 137— 21 200
115 162
59
California_____________ 11.560 7,402 883 120 1,008 396 568 906
Colorado______________ 4,927 3, 325 329 28 288 90 666 46 — 155
Connecticut___________ 5,500 3,818 446 _____885 174 93 — 84
Delaware_________ , 1,094 746 13
570
232 103
District of Columbia.... 913 125 6
817 122
30 182
Florida________________ 2,704 1,033 216 53 334 129
Georgia_______________ 4,535 2,980 417— 1,058 40 — 40
Idaho_________________ 1,124 791 31 189
1,686
19
136
94
Illinois________________ 25,537 17,454 2,800 7 2,744 — 710
Indiana_______ _____... 19,317 16,459 2,085 114
1,517
85 574
Iowa__________________ 5,836 3,090 596 214 167 65 187
Kansas________________ 2,923 2, 253 166 116 271 61 13 — 43
Kentucky_____________ 5, 425 3,949 562 3 150 396 ----- --- 365
Louisiana_____________ 5,354 4, 443 485 63 140
339
223
Maine________________ 1,426 703 244 32 108
Maryland_____________ 5.892 4,268 177 36 71 320
272
1,020
Massachusetts________ 8, 366 2,834 4,428 36 319 184 — 59 234
Michigan_____________ 11,640 6,534 1,992 161 2,619 95 _____81 — 158
Minnesota____________ 8,301 3, 227
894
895 61 3, 524 91 18 485
Mississippi____________ 4,858 131 118 3,108 464
108
143
Missouri______________ 6,031 3,671 556 114 1,005 252
519
325
Montana______________ 2,130 1,260 18— 10— 89 — 234
Nebraska_____________ 3,221 920 151 128 159 54 1,697 112
Nevada_______________ 309 114
169
—
250
119 76
New Hampshire______ 998 485
528
29 65
New Jersey___________
New Mexico__________
7,318
1,838
3,344
812
753
222
1,051 1,311 29
736
— 302
68
New York____________ 24,357 11,982 3,187
218
6,156 2,390 _______ 7 635
North Carolina_______ 6,938 4,842 1,070 62— 75 5 666
North Dakota_________ 1,644 498 293 30 728
1,267
7
146
88
Ohio__________________ 13,963 8,583 1,798 222 1.161 165 — 621
Oklahoma_____________ 5, 278 2,061 53 2,879 179— 20 86
Oregon________________ 2,119 872 237 _____552 40 12 ______ 24 382
Pennsylvania.________ 18,093 7,394 2,974 36 6,879 332 28 450
Rhode Island_________ 1,565 606 483
778
132 256
280
13 7 5
South Carolina________ 5, 580 2.393 817 938 131 — 5 238
South Dakota_________ 743 453 85 19 112— 36 — 38
Tennessee_____________ 4,232 2,861 648 313 317
2,558 126
93
Texas_________________ 13,446 5,345 1,461 145 3,159 256 32 364
Utah__________________ 1,184 846 198
831
107 33
Vermont______________ 1,537 478
285
— 169
765
59
Virginia_______________ 8,856 6, 270 — 443 55— 5 1,033
Washington___________ 5,070
5,667
2,073 196 _____947 517 554 115 155 513
West Virginia_________ 3,325 335 11 1,917
581
60
173
19
Wisconsin_____________ 7,635 3, 702 2,587 29 168
88
395
Wyoming_____________ 886 424 195 3 10 — 8 158
Alaska________________ 117 16 1 100 —
Hawaii________________ 1,014 671 244 ______ 23 ----- -- 76
Puerto Rico___________ 3,245 1,490 312— 447 103 893
Virgin. Islands_________ 271 52 219
Various______________ 400 — 400
For footnote, see PWA table 2.
310
TABLE 4. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—A verage number' of
persons employed at construction sites of all PWA projects, by major
type of project and by State, June 1940
Electric
power
(excluding
water
power)
Flood
State or Territory Total Buildings
Sewer
and
water
sys-
Streets
and
high-
Heavy
engineering
struccontrol,
water
power,
and
Aviation
Vessels
Miscellaneous
terns w ay s tures reclamation
---------------------- ------------ —— ---:--------————
Total__________ 81, 920 13, 966 12, 350 3, 763 27, 144 10, 528 7, 346 1, 667 25 5,131
Alabama_____________ 708 348 5— 5 338
71
— 12
Arizona______________
Arkansas_____________
California____________
88 10 — 2 5
6
2,139
6
3, 241 815 87 — — 12 188
Colorado_____________ 1,171 286 5— 422 446 5 — 7
Connecticut__________
Delaware____________
1,814 619 155 18 826 152 44
28 — 3 25
District of Columbia. 1,139 536 2 522
126
79
Florida_______________ 438 10 5 110 20 — 98 69
Georgia______________ 301 121 170 — 10
Idaho________________ 89
705 1,882
—
3,609
16 ______ 73
Illinois_______________ 6, 856 6 530 124
Indiana______________
Iowa_________________
2, 239 257 1, 513 5 454 10
111 17 24 66 3 1
Kansas_______________ 321 33 208 8 65 —
Kentucky____________
Louisiana____________
Maine., ____________
1,128 136 26 16 607 164 — 179
159 155 4
234 175 42 6
827
11
Maryland____________
Massachusetts_______
2, 264
2, 428
147
141
269
2,109
— 546
127 2
—
—
475
49
Michigan____________ 411 13 166 ■ 90 113 __ _ 29
Minnesota___________ 720 360 306 — 20— 31 3
Mississippi___________
Missouri_____________
Montana_____________
1, 8/3 92 113 — 761 904 3
753 496 176— 9 72
442— 45 — 55— 336 — 6
Nebraska____________
Nevada______________
New Hampshire_____
New Jersey__________
1, 535 98 ______22 3 _______ 1,402 ______ 10
22 — 6
253
13 3
253
2, 395 1,080 345 239 233 465
532
— 33
New Mexico_________ 562 10 4 — 16
New York___________
North Carolina______
North Dakota________
9, 732 4,125 553 31 3,499 1,367 _____ 157
238 142 47 — 26 — 23
57 17 15 8
425
17
Ohio_________________ 4, 809 645 1, 795 230 949 350 33 382
Oklahoma____________ 1,402 1,302 70— 11 — 19
Oregon_______________ 348— 55— 51 _______ 242
Pennsylvania________ 17,178 994 1,199 — 14,437 289 — 259
Rhode Island________
South Carolina_______
South Dakota________
1,198
2, 952
102
59
526
129 506
25
68
513
2,179
— 32
11
80 — 44— 23 — 13
Tennessee____________
Texas________________
Utah_________________
Vermont_____________
Virginia______________
1,061 1 — 1,058 2
660
—
881 2 1 56 112— — 50
363 99 1— 3 — 259 — 1
1
512
1
1,869 48— 257 — 617 — 435
W ashington__________
West Virginia________
Wisconsin____________
Wyoming____________
Alaska_____________ _
1,225— 44— 94 1,000 ____ 87
903 37 — 364 502
358 273 71 14
134 116 2 — 16
53 — 53
Puerto Rico__________
Virgin Islands________
Various______________
2,920 75 361 170 1, 276 _____ 1,038
237 117 120
192 — — 192
For footnote, see PWA table 2.
311
TABLE 5. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—Hours worked, earnings of workers, and average hourly earnings at con stru ction sites 1 for Federal and non-Federal PWA p ro jects, by S ta te, for fiscal year ending June 30, 1940
T o tal F ederal projects N on-F ederal projects
S tate or T errito ry H ours A* v,e rage . H onrs Average. _____________ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------WH H nllr_ Average . ? S e S ? s E „ nlngs
T o ta l_____________________________________ 225,424,320 $206,234,491 $0.91 27,235,700 $25,232,650 $0.93 198,188,620 $181,001,841 $0.91
A labam a---------------------------------------------------------------------- 3,431,508 2,472,783 . 72 50,731 39,570 . 78 3,380,777 2,433,213 . 72
A rizona------------------------------------------------------------------------ 552,278 454,861 .82 278,291 205,935 .74 273,987 248,926 .91
A rk an sas--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,341,631 910,068 .68 32,010 24,008 .75 1,309,621 886,060 .68
C alifo rn ia-------------------------------------------------------------------- 6,763,933 6,779,269 1.00 1,387,271 1,317,907 .95 5,376,662 5,461,362 1.02
Colorado---------------------------------------------------------------------- 3,176,134 3,150,430 .99 1,425,081 1,396,579 .98 1,751,053 1,753,851 1.00
C onnecticut----------------------------------------------------------------- 5.199,298 5,104,449 . 98 579,211 567,627 . 98 4,620,087 4,536,822 . 98
D elaw are--------------------------------------------------------------------- 429,648 390,254 .91 126,813 103,987 .82 302,835 286,267 .95
D istrict of C olum bia ________________________________ 2,402,464 2,171,804 . 90 1,177,885 812,741 .69 1,224,579 1,359,063 1.11
F lo rid a ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1,709,239 1,094,184 .64 480,145 393,719 .82 1,229,094 700,465 .57
Georgia------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3,660,350 2,352,622 . 64 206,112 113,362 . 55 3,454,238 2,239,260 . 65
Id a h o --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 305,364 276,016 . 90 62,601 55,088 . 88 242,763 220,928 . 91
Illinois------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13,758.523 16,681,794 1.21 1,465,491 1,656,005 1.13 12,293,032 15,025,789 1.22
In d ia n a ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7,263,739 7,894,418 1.09 570,016 615,617 1.08 6,693.723 7,278,801 1.09
Iow a-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2,742,535 2,297,028 . 84 204,794 169,979 . 83 2,537,741 2,127,049 . 84
K ansas_____________________________________ 2,212,609 1,969,993 .89 292,598 239,930 .82 1,920,011 1,730,063 .90
K en tu ck y ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3,696,639 3,105,618 .84 754,392 731,760 .97 2,942,247 2,373,858 .81
L ouisiana---------- ---------------------------------------------------------- 3,524,799 2,745,666 .78 15,802 11,535 .73 3,508,997 2,734,131 .78
M ain e_______1________________________________________ 643,599 477,362 .74 97,824 68,477 .70 545,775 408,885 .75
M ary lan d ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4,889,558 5,088,850 1.04 1,909,299 2,023,857 1.06 2,980,259 3,064,993 1.03
M assach u setts________________________________________ 6,494,475 6,085,240 .94 598,141 538,327 .90 5,896,334 5,546,913 .94
M ichigan--------------------------------------------------------------------- 8,820,364 6,160,671 .70 346,790 291,304 .84 8,473,574 5,869,367 .69
M in n eso ta ____________________________________________ 5,349,622 4,840,226 .90 86,372 74,280 .86 5,263,250 4,765,946 .91
M ississippi___________________________________________ 5,217,118 2,928,162 .56 31,046 22,664 .73 5,186,072 2,905,498 .56
M isso u ri_____________________________________________ 3,635,064 3,337,273 . 92 125,073 103,811 .83 3,509,991 3,233,462 . 92 M o n tan a _____________________________________________ 1,784,071 1,695,074 .95 608,714 511,320 .84 1,175,357 1,183,754 1.01
N eb rask a_____________________________________________ 2,786,417 1,904,510 .68 49,815 36,863 .74 2,736,602 1,867,647 .68
N e v a d a ______________________________________________ 139,742 126,336 .90 94,973 79,777 .84 44,769 46,559 1.04
N ew H am p sh ire______________________________________ 935,380 963,471 1.03 __________________ _ ____________ 935,380 963,471 1.03
N ew Jersey ___________________________________________ 6,473,215 7,942,628 1.23 455,954 551,704 1.21 6,017,261 7,390,924 1.23
N ew Mexico________ _______________________________ 716,810 501,236 .70 415,059 244,885 .59 301,751 256,351 .85
312
313
O rniir, o"----------------------------------------------------------- 24,191,449 29,785,411 1.23 1,234,911 1,580,680 1.28 22,956,538 28,204 725 1 23
----------------------------------- 4,483,621 2,761,007 . 62 157,749 94 649 . N o rth D ak o ta-------------------------------------------------------------- 60 4 325 872 2 666 358 62 637,303 473,168 .74 66:868 45370 .68 *570 435 427398 3 5
O klahom a'------------------------------------------------------------------- 11,175,734 11,485,877 1.03 1,079,675 1,166,049 1.08 10,096,059 10,319,828 1 O klahom a------------------------------------------------------------------ 02 5,177,016 4,181,867 .81 310,425 ’ 254,’549 .82 4,’866; 591 £ 92?: 318 .81
Ponnsviv'ania------------- --------------------------------------------- Z S SZ P en n sy lv an ia------------------------------------------- ------------------- 1( 180’ 626 •94 571>872 537’ 560 ■94 677,695 643,066 .95 25,287,946 21,843,359 .86 575,091 575,091 1 00 24 712 855 21 268 268 86
R hode Isla n d --------------------------------------------------------------- 2,073,824 1,891,134 .91 58 898 57 131 97 2 0 4 926 1 834 003 91
------------------ ------------ 4,979,944 2,913,385 . 59 3873 67 301,990 3 8 I ’, 592,777 3 8 S outh D ak o ta------------------------------------ ------------------- 336,522 229,774 .68 95,343 52,439 .55 241,179 177,335 3 4
Texas38866----------- "------------------------------------------------------- 2’ 328’9®7 J’fno’ o!? ' 74 286,399 211,935 .74 2,242,568 1,657,698 .74 U ta h --------------------------------------------------------------------------- U S ’SZ ' 67 h 784,789 1,463,527 .82 5,048,021 3,135,357 .62
V erm ont----------- - --------------------------------------------------------- 94®’ 348 860,915 .91 491,723 442,551 .90 454,825 418,364 .92 V M n h ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Virginia , S U S I - 70 34>196 22,227 .65 488,927 347,810 .71 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 5,831,363 4,537,443 .78 2,615,965 2,223,570 .85 3,215,398 2,313,873 .72
Wesf’v h H n ia -------------------------------------------------------------- o’1™’™ o’ o S S I L 15 2,737,348 2,819,468 1.03 2,447,899 3,124,179 1.28
------------------------------------------------ 2,976,739 2,327,405 . 78 27,615 20,159 . 73 2,949,124 2,307,246 . 78
--------------------- ---------- ” -------- T e r r i S s 4,757,460 4,712,391 .99 93,867 76,032 .81 4,663,593 4,636,359 .99 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 322’8f 4 ‘a0 135’ 101 98’ 624 ’ 73 446.541 424,220 -95
Various ------------------------------------------------------------------- 5’ S J ’S 4’ ?81’ 839 •32 288,356 54,787 .19 5.048,975 1,627,063 . 32 Various------------------------------------------------------------------------ 274,038 131,538 .48 274,038 131,538 .48 ___________________ . . . . . ______________
1 T he supervisory and adm in istrativ e employees of the project sponsors are not included in the above figures.
TABLE 6. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—Hours worked, earnings of workers, and average hourly earnings at
con stru ction sites 1 for Federal and non-Federal PWA projects, United S tates and Territories, by major type of p ro ject, for fiscal year ending June 30, 1940
T otal F ederal projects N on-Federal projects
M ajor ty p e Average Average Average
Hours worked E arnings hourly Hours worked E arnings hourly Hours worked E arnings hourly
earnings earnings earnings
T o ta l_____________________________ 225,424,320 $206,234,491 $0.91 27,235,700 $25,232,650 $0.93 198,188,620 $181,001,841 $0.91
B uildings______________________________ 98,963,844 99,394,369 1.00 15,043,517 15,493,952 1.03 83,920,327 83,900,417 1.00
Sewer and w ater sy stem s_____________ 31,644,212 26,753,785 .85 237,662 116,454 .49 31,406,550 26,637,331 .85
E lectric power (excluding w ater p ow er). 8,473, 883 6, 289,096 .74 __________________________________________ 8,473,883 6, 289,096 . 74
Streets and h ig hw ay s__________________ 40,552,719 31,089,628 . 77 146,534 101,108 . 69 40,406,185 30,988,520 . 77
H eavy engineering stru ctu res__________ 20,596,031 24,113,857 1.17 ________________________________ ________ 20,596,031 24,113,857 1.17
Flood control, w ater power an d reclam atio
n ___________________________________ 11,170,601 7,447,671 .67 3,567,890 2,925,670 . 82 7,602,711 4,522,001 .59
A v iatio n_______________________________ 2,648,971 1,671,824 . 63 2,567,876 1,592,083 . 62 81,095 79,741 .98
V essels________________________________ 356,614 320,953 .90 356,614 320,953 .90 __________________________________________
Miscellaneous_____________________________ 11,017,445 9,153,308 .83 5,315,607 4,682,430 .88 5,701,838 4,470,878 .78
1 T he supervisory and adm in istrativ e employees of th e project sponsors are not included in th e above figures.
314
l
TABLE 7. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.— Value of material
orders placed on all PWA projects, United States and Territories, by
type of material, cumulative July 1933 through June 1940 and for fiscal
year ending June 30, 1940
Type of material
Cumulative,
July 1933-
June 1940
For the fiscal
year ending
June 30, 1940
Total - - -__ - - _____________ - --------------------- - $2,678, 592. 930 $341,849. 505
Textiles and their products ~~ _________ ___________ -__ 6,657, 657 1, 578,979
Awnings tents canvas, etc _____ _____ -____ -____ - — 362,116
424, 939
459,847
210,024
304,492
164,031
3, 558,861
62,623
143, 201
43,464
924, 059
16,010
192, 752
41, 541
12,468
22,481
17,482
901, 716
3,599
1,622
2,732
366, 576
Carpets and rue’s _ ________ - ____ - ______ — - - -
Cordage and twine ______ ______- - -- - ------- ---------- -------
Cotton products _ _ _______ __________ - -----------------
Fp.lt products ___ __ ______________ -__ ____ - — - -------
Jute products __ -___ - ________ — ----------— -
T J nofen m and as ph al ted-felt-base floor covering- _ _ ____-
Sacks and bags, other than paper...------------------- - ------------------------------
Upholsterin0- filling batting, padding, and wadding ____________
Waste and related products ____ - __ __ _ ______ ___ __ --
Textiles and their products, n. e. c.i _____ _ _________________ - -
Forest products _____ __ _______ ________ ___ ______ 237, 864, 776 48, 065, 706
Cork products _ ___ __________ __________ 1, 034,072
60,170, 797
128,615,956
46,483,314
975,200
585,437
289,191
29,660. 303
9,488, 596
8, 308, 513
302, 569
16, 534
Furniture. and related products ______ ___ ________________ -- --
Lumber and timber products, n. e. c __ ______ __ ___________-
Planing-mill products __ ____ _ - -_____ - - - ----------
Window and door screens and weatherstrip _ _ __ _____
Forest products n. ec_ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ ____
Chemicals and allied products _____ __ __ - - --__ ____ 26,239,023 5, 281,165
Ammunitinn and related products - - --- ------------- --------- 1,227,403
743,590
10,050, 273
11,882, 220
2, 335, 537
300
115, 367
1, 350,228
2,126,482
1,688, 788
Compressed and liquefied gases ___ _ _ _ _ _ _______ _
Ty plosives _ _______ - - -___ _ -- ----- --- -----
Paints pigments and varnishes __ __ ___ ___ _ ___
Chemicals and allied products, n. e. c _ ______ ____ ___ _
stone clay and glass products _ _ _ _ _ _______ ____ __ -- - -- 764, 290, 500 88, 725,213
Asbestos products, n. e. c ____ __ - -- ____________ - -- 1,127,913
102, 711, 202
239.187,127
108, 073,496
64, 016,097
8,067,175
1,114,853
60,662,042
375,990
129,649,679
5, 274,007
15, 805,637
22, 565,949
5,659, 333
180,772
13, 703,499
18, 575,135
18, 376,113
4,873, 814
1, 682,292
135, 629
10, 589, 998
20, 586
10,342, 637
1,197, 209
3,550, 94?
4, 088, 690
1,407,897
Brick hollow tile and other clay products, n. e. c_______ ____ __
Cement - _ _ _ _ ___ __ ___ _ _ _ —-------- --
Concrete products ______ _ _ _ -------------------- --------- - -
Crushed stone __ ___ ___ __ - — ------ --------
Glass _ __ _ _ ___ _ _______ _ _ - _
Lime - - - -- __ _______ - - — - -- -
Marble granite slate and other stone, cut and shaped _____ - -
Minerals and earths ground or otherwise treated __ ______
Sand and gravel _________ _______ _____________ -- -- -
Steam and other packing pipe and boiler covering and gaskets_____
Tiling floor and wall and terrazzo _ _ _ __ _ _ ___ _
Wall plaster wallboard and building insulation _________________
Stone clay and glass products, n. e. c ____________________ _ _ _
274771—41--- 21
315
TABLE 7. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.— Value of material
orders placed on all PWA projects, United States and Territories, by
type of material, cumulative July 1933 through June 1940 and for fiscal
year ending June 30, 1940—Continued
Type of material
Cumulative,
July 1933-
June 1940
For the fiscal
year ending
June 30, 1940
Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery_____________ $820,584,013 $107,501, 360
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets_______ _______ _____ . 8,066, 506
37, 278,127
808,221
10, 603, 251
29,503,213
90, 252,875
4,054,121
80, 219,159
26,918,978
56,891, 602
6,661, 504
24,148,676
633,014
90, 560, 752
204,642,820
1,027,958
1, 247,887
7,933,495
14, 737,795
124, 394,059
714,442
Doors, shutters, window sash and frames, molding and trim, metal.-. 5,417, 545
Firearms____ _ . _______ ________________ ____ _
Forgings, iron and steel______________________________________ 1,052,185
4, 597,278
15,345,802
437,179
7,291, 536
7,939,978
7,029,578
10, 379
179, 730
2,751
11,244,274
36, 664,456
136,815
1,465
920, 758
1,434, 204
7,081,005
Hardware, miscellaneous_______________________ ____ .
Heating and ventilating equipment, except pipe . _____ ....
Nails and spikes___ . .. ___ ..
Pipe and fittings, cast-iron ___ ... ___ __
Pipe and fittings, wrought-iron and steel_____________________
Plumbing fixtures and supplies, except pipe. ___ _____ _
Rail fastenings, except spikes.______ ’ _ ______ _ _
Rails, steel___ ______ ___ ___________________ _
Springs, steel. . . ___ .. ....
Steel, reinforcing. __ _ .___ . ___ _______
Steel, structural..___ ________ ________________ _
Stoves and ranges, other than electric__________ . .
Switches, railway_________________ _____ ______ .
Tools, other than machine tools____ ____________ .
Wire and wireworks products________ _ ______. ___ .
Iron and steel and their products, n. e. c. ___________ .
Nonferrous metals and their products.. . . _____ 28,812,951 6,084, 089
Aluminum products________ ___ _____ __ 1, 592,341
4, 769,937-
1,100,873
17, 623,978
79, 640
3, 646.182
385,165
1,378,412
93,883
3,868,096
2,038
356, 495
Copper products______________ . ____________
Lead products..----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sheet-metal products ..___________________________
Zinc products____ _____________ ______________ _
Nonferrous metals and their products, n. e. c . ____ . .
Machinery, not including transportation equipment . . ________ 496,488, 392 60, 619, 508
Electrical machinery, apparatus and supplies ____ 115,465,113
77, 209,961
16,170,824
41,452,958
10,253, 258
2,474, 375
30.618,288
1,256,947
4,875, 234
196, 711,434
15, 731,959
15, 205,161
3, 631, 503
5, 687, 826
1,102, 728
321, 782
3,199,824
132, 775
685,848
14,920,102
Electrical wiring and fixtures__________ ________________ .
Elevators and elevator equipment... ___________ _
Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels__________________ .
Machine tools.______. __________ ________
Meters, (gas, water, etc.) and gas generators______ ______ ..
Pumps and pumping equipment.. ____ _______
Radio apparatus and supplies.__ ... . _______ .
Refrigerators and refrigerating and ice-making apparatus
Machinery, n. e. c__________________________
316
TABLE 7. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.— Value of material
orders placed on all PWA projects, United States and territories, by
type of material, cumulative July 1933 through June 1940 and for fiscal
year ending June 30, 1940—Continued
Type of material
Cumulative,
July 1933-
June 1940
For the fiscal
year ending
June 30, 1940
Transportation equipment, air, land, and water ____ ____ ____ - - $93, 896,142 $746, 709
Aircraft___ _________- __ ._ __ _____ _ __ __ 6,036,370
5,086, 400
1, 671, 729
84, 843
11,931,427
6, 942, 922
274,395
567, 537
11.309, 809
38, 820,468
429, 443
8, 893, 300
1,847,499
Aircraft parts _____ ____ __ __ _
Boats, steel and wooden_____ __ 13,822
Carriages and wagons__ ___________________ __ _ 19,139
Locomotives, other than steam______________________________________
Locomotives, steam________________________________________________
Motorcycles and parts_______________________________________________
Motor vehicles, passenger_____ ___________ ___ ___ ___ __ . .
64,316
29, 218
Motor vehicles, trucks______________________________________________ 522,038
Railway cars, freight. ____ __________ _____ _____ . _
Railway cars, mail and express__ __________ __ ___________ _ ___
Railway ears, passengers____________________________________________
Transportation equipment, n. e. e__________________________________
Miscellaneous_______ __ _ ________ _____ _ ____
98,176
203, 759,476 23,246, 776
Belting, miscellaneous— ___________ ___ ______ .________ 102, 541
3,174,464
554,802
3,323, 891
389,449
72, 421
297.055
35, 095, 234
60,721,458
928,428
16,604,883
2, 220, 549
1,169, 777
1,208, 337
77,896,187
1,407
509,817
608
785,468
189, 630
5.990
34, 337
4,154,070
5,184,228
500, 885
1, 737, 642
643,968
369.931
207, 558
8,921, 237
Coal and coke ________________ _______________ . _
Creosote______________ ___________________________ __________ _
Instruments, professional and scientific________ _ _ _____
Mattresses and bedsprings ____ ____
Models and patterns_________________________________________________
Paper products____________ __ ___ _______________ _ _
Paving' materials, asphalt, tar, crushed slag, and mixtures___________
Petroleum products_________________________________________________
Photographic apparatus and supplies________________________________
Roofing: built-up, and roll, asphalt shingles and roof coatings, except
paint _ _ _______ __ ________ _____ _________
Rubber products__ _ _ _______ __ __________________
Theatrical scenery and stage equipment .._______ _ __ __
Window shades and fixtures ___ __ _ . _____________ _ _ _
Other materials.-. _____ _ ____ ____ _ ______________________
1 N. e. c. signifies “not elsewhere classified.”
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Dept, of Labor.
317
TABLE 8A. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—A/Zoiznenfs, estim a ted to ta l cost, con stru ction expenditures, and
disbu rsem en ts for all PWA p ro jects, by S ta te, as of June 30, 1940
A llotm ents D isbursem ents
S tate or T errito ry um ber o i --------------.--------------------------------------------------- ------ E stim ated C o n s tru c tio n _____________________________________________
projects to ta l cost ex p en d itu res1
_________ __________ T o tal Loan G ran t T o tal Loan G ra n t2
T o ta l_______________ 3 34,512 $4,243,445,664 $819,005,472 $3,424,440,192 $6,140,073,445 $5,765,560,616 $3,949,042,770 $778,240,408 $3,170,802,362
A labam a------------------------------------ 631 50 802,146 15,614,633 35,187,513 66,510,157 64, 141 020 48 196 659 15 341 607 32 855 052
A rizona-------------------------------------- 537 57,701,527 5,324,650 5^ 376,877 63, 576, 463 61 570 283 56 474 982 5 319 940 51 155 042
A rkansas------------------------------------ 507 45,140,980 11,856,589 33,284,391 52,341,468 51,720,248 44’600 624 11’ 747’ 136 32’853’488
rn U rfd la ----------------------------------- X’ 621 195>436, 554 24’837,108 170) 599’446 317> 836’ 107 310, 914,074 189^ 640: 536 24’ 653’ 542 164’ 986’ 994 Colorado------------------------------------ 513 45,603,587 2,767,543 42,836,044 72,112,904 69,046,054 . 42,962,153 2^598, 429 40^ 363,’724
C o n n ecticu t------------------------------- 370 47, 254,347 60, 867 47,193, 480 89, 951, 508 84,832, 647 42,103,646 60 867 42 042 779
-- --- -- 7------------------- 124 10,090,174 2,332,687 7,757,487 15,150,325 14,915,275 9,934,605 2 340*507 7 594 098 FlnHdqt ° f C o lum b la ----------------- 393 20,364,718 104,628,775 125,126,924 115,967,638 115,042,665 17^ 37o’, 941 97’671’724
G e o re f.------------------------------------- ow w ™ X£ S I ’ n?l 42,368,541 68,369,737 65,457,469 58,634,339 17,520,251 41,114,088 Georgia------------------------------------ 918 48,194,895 3,044,916 45,149,979 68,112,955 66,370,232 46, 269, 573 2,992,533 43,277,040
Id a h o ----------------------------------------- 337 20, 506, 890 1,086, 326 19, 420, 564 25,424, 230 24,921, 349 20, 060,656 1 075 191 118 985 465
In d ia n a -------------------------------------- X’ 190,101,510 404,315,470 362,636,192 231,244,217 69^ 550^ 193 61,’ 694^ 024
------------------------- 738 86,760,459 24,411,730 62,348,729 137,226,115 131,579,595 81,903,417 24,462,580 57 440 837 i?Wac V -------------------------------------- 992 48,891,016 1,876,058 47,014,958 79,052,867 77,404,262 47,712,737 1,938 628 45’774’ 109 K an sas--------------------------------------- 790 46,973,626 5,399,750 41,573,876 74,658,124 73,716,629 45,851,078 5,378,246 40’472^832
T ^n h d an a ---------------------------------- !?aa t? ’ onn 43,270,974 75,818,946 70,848,375 46,210,251 6,352,938 39,857,313
L o u isian a---------------------------------- 456 51,144,800 4,662,203 46,482,597 79,439,250 78,054,082 50,312,289 4 672,887 45 639 402 M ain e. ----------------------------------- 387 28,148,151 357,531 27,790,620 34,245,476 *32,488,526 27,351,319 357 531 26 993’ 779 M ary lan d . , ---------------------------- 606 85,318,838 21,124,045 64,194,793 125,413,099 117,953,259 81,356,482 21,093 145 60’ 263’337
M assach u setts--------------------------- 637 114,522,195 7,470,874 107,051,321 193,241,694 181,439,356 107,963,232 7,470,’494 100,’492,’738
M ich ig an ----------------------------------- 851 91,461,038 9,786,319 81,674,719 147,244,521 137,733,291 82,334,292 9 783 955 72 550 337 M in n e so ta .-------------------------- ... 985 65,348,582 3,190,842 62,157,740 116,518,124 110,256,984 60,540 616 3 207 097 57’333 519
M ssonr?P1------------------------- non oo’?or’ o’ oil’ ™ 50,293,536 90,296,820 87,065,155 53,678,912 M o n tan a’ 6,636,259 47^ 042; 653 --------------------------------- ’ n?’Innn’!!? ’ ^ 8 80,238,239 160,358,138 155,337,776 85,945,176 8,738,005 77,207,171 M o n tan a ----------------------------------- 561 91,690,545 9,884,642 81,805,903 99,475,512 98,666,820 90,552,306 9,682 256 80,870 050
318
N eb rask a --------------- -------- 554 96,400,883 40,960,180 56,440,703 109,656,565 102,683,626 89,925,118 40,874,300 49.050 818 N e v a d a---------------- ------- 189 32,047,860 1,081,253 30,966,607 33,774,389 33,055,992 31,444,519 1,069,453 30^375,066
N ew H am p sh ire -.. . . . . 190 10,966,808 1,917,535 9,049,273 20,451,848 19,265,707 10,186,563 1,910,900 8,275,663
N ew Jersey --------------- . . 591 143,558,943 24,353,624 119,205,319 192,674,381 178,803,312 133,431,719 23,996,170 109,435,549
N ew Mexico----------- . . 413 28,835,281 2,738,172 26,097,109 33,017,120 30,260,260 26,348,385 2,750,581 23,597,804
N ew Y o rk ------------------ . . . . 1,441 481,791,078 170,672,004 311,119,074 743,014,866 692,414,547 438.209,859 161,165,543 277,044,316
N o rth C aro lin a------------------------ 903 62,434,805 12,666,625 49,768,180 86,137,289 77,519,748 55,639,320 9,041,576 46,597,744
N o rth D a k o ta --------- .... 625 15,115,696 1,642,027 13,473,669 21,728,875 20,955,623 14,970,116 1,635,953 13,334,163
O hio------------------------------------------ 1,580 188,191,741 25,452,273 162,739,468 294,832,810 262,333,901 170,685,234 24,756,592 145,928,642
O klahom a---------------------------------- 704 65,174,908 18,319,302 46,855,606 78,728,593 71,477,572 60,941,009 17,179,768 43,761,241
Oregon--------------------------------------- 617 68,559,469 4,929,688 62,629,781 81,067,963 78,310,048 65,866,803 4,933,921 60,932,882
P en n sy lv an ia------- .... 1,592 284,266,045 89,224,210 195,041,835 472,801,356 447,071,521 256,059,274 87,552,365 168,506,909
R hode Isla n d ---------- . . . 172 25,082,474 1,318,835 23,763,639 45,828,226 43,132,732 22,919,326 1,315,852 21,603,474
S outh C arolina-------------- v ------- 533 89,406,109 33,307,253 56,098,856 102,451,256 69,376,540 59,283,143 16,128,657 43 154 486
S outh D ak o ta--------------------------- 524 17,683,544 3,146,171 14,537,373 22,289,556 21,145,409 17,465,961 2,994,534 14,471,427
T ennessee--------------------------------- 555 60,017,471 8,729,834 51,287,637 89,435,426 81,154,234 54,289,403 8,756,657 45,532,746
T exas------------------------- 1,750 177,955,903 53,602,423 124,353,480 232,147,548 218,012,076 169,767,134 51,876,374 117,890,760 U ta h ------------------------------------------ 420 27,171,052 2,539,429 24,631,623 35,761,236 34,535,006 26,292,107 2,536,293 23,755,814
V erm o n t------------------------------------ 212 7, 202, 006 190, 897 7,011,109 12, 034, 601 11, 471, 394 7,100, 618 190, 592 6,910,026
V irginia-------------------------------------- 1,089 118,275,921 9,606,876 108,669,045 145,712,399 140,359,931 114,849,311 9,584,941 105,264,370
W ash in g to n------------------------------- 920 112,853,990 2,618,184 110,235,806 161,078,835 158,918,148 108,626,367- 2,526,072 106,100,295
W est V irginia------ , ------------------- 329 53,661,988 9,976,399 43,685,589 72,999,252 72,258,430 52,223,086 9,977,039 42,246,047
W isconsin________ ____ 796 68,985,084 3,507,317 65,477,767 118,861,612 113,462,921 66,136,944 3,504,217 62,632,727
W yom ing ----------------------------------- 373 25,170,276 1,440,300 23,729,976 28,733,188 27,881,738 24,746,678 1,396,900 23,349,778
A lask a--------------------------------------- 255 5,974,424 547,200 5,427,224 7,090,727 7,002,589 5,842,835 547,500 5,295,335
H aw aii_________________________ 162 21,669,163 429,800 21,239,363 28,299,339 27,597,564 21,511,954 423,000 21,088,954
P u erto R ico____________________ 84 19,118,026 8,275,413 10,842,613 22,319,024 18,192,272 15,600,746 7,269,500 8,331,246
Virgin Islan d s__________________ 43 4,699,882 _____________ 4,699,882 4,768,257 4,181,399 4,112,700 _ 4 112 700
C anal Z one_____________________ 52 7,845,247 _____________ 7,845,247 7,845,247 7,841,012 7,841,012 _____________ 7,841,012
P h ilip p in e Islan d s--------------------- 4 78,841 _____________ 78,841 78,841 78,737 78,737 . 78,737
V arious_________________________ 86 52,635,886 2,000,000 50,635,886 52,635,886 49,770,036 49,770,036 2,000,000 47,770,036
i C o n stru ctio n expenditures represent th e cost of m aterials placed (including th e cost of labor performed) and miscellaneous costs for th a t portion of th e work completed.
Figures subject to revision pending ad ju stm en t to final au d ited projects costs.
2 Includes construction expenditures on Federal PW A projects. A ctual disbursem ents of F ederal funds for Federal PW A projects are n o t available. E xpenditures
(which represent th e cost of m aterials in place, including th e cost of labor performed, and miscellaneous costs for th a t portion of th e work completed), as reported b y the Governm
en t agencies u n d er whose supervision th e projects were constructed, are used in lieu of disbursem ents.
3 Includes 32 railroad projects which are n o t d istrib u ted b y S tate. However, the dollar am ounts for these projects are d istrib u ted .
319
TABLE 8B. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—A llotm en ts, estim a ted to ta l cost, con stru ction expenditures, and
disbu rsem en ts for non-Federal PWA p ro jects, by S ta te, as of June 30, 1940
A llotm „ . . ents D isbursem ents - ™ -x _ N um b er of _ ____________ ____ _________ __ _______________ E stim ated C onstruction S tate or T errito ry projects to tal co st _ ___________________________________________ 1 expenditures1
T o tal L oan G ran t T o tal Loan G ran t
T o ta l_____________________ 2 16,640 $2,328,735,933 $819,005,472 $1,509,730,461 $4,225,363,714 $3,909,423,160 $2,092,905,314 $778,240,408 $1,314,664,906
A labam a .. 330 33,484,976 15,614,633 17,870,343 49,192,987 47,277,966 31,333,605 15,341,607 15,991,998
Arizona „ 122 11,985,038 5,324,650 6,660.388 17,859,974 16,818,493 11,723,192 5,319,940 6,403.252
Arkansas 235 22,665,941 11,856,589 10.809,352 29,866,429 29,278,109 22,158,485 11,747,136 10,411,349
California . 807 106,457,449 24,837,108 81,620.341 228,857,002 222,750,616 101,477,078 24,653,542 76,823,536
Colorado_______________________ 205 22,263,834 2,767,543 19,496,291 48,773,151 47,165,998 21,082,097 2,598,429 18,483,668
C onnecticut _______________ 261 27,489,061 60,867 27,428,194 70,186,222 65,341,866 22,612,865 60,867 22,551,998
Delaware . 43 5,209,861 2,332,687 2,877,174 10,270,012 10,053,847 5,073,177 2,340,507 2,732,670
D istrict of C olum bia .. ... 6 30,541,033 20,364,718 10,176,315 30,674,464 26,014,070 25,089,097 17,370,941 7,718,156
F lo rid a . .. 231 31,778,896 17,531,951 14,246,945 40,248,141 37,710,237 30,887,107 17,520,251 13,366,856
Georgia_________________________ 516 19,803,541 3,044,916 16,758,625 39,721,601 38,544,114 18,443,455 2,992,533 15,450,922
Id ah o 154 5,373,184 1,086,326 4,286,858 10,290,524 10,128,311 5,267,618 1,075,191 4,192,427
Illinois . 809 187,420,695 68,698,725 118,721,970 332,935,930 295,594,656 164,202,681 69,550,193 94,652,488
In d ian a . 477 62,626,258 24,411,730 38,214,528 113,091,914 108,922,736 59,246,558 24,462,580 34,783,978
Iow a 598 23,568,282 1,876,058 21,692,224 53,730,133 52,093,917 22,402,392 1,938,628 20,463,764
K an sas_________________________ 450 26,453,518 5,399,750 21,053,768 54,138,016 53,292,223 25,426,672 5,378,246 20,048,426
K en tu ck y . . ____________ 294 26,240,444 6,582,365 19,658,079 52,206,051 48,231,860 23,593,736 6,352,938 17,240,798
L ouisiana 228 24,375,210 4,662,203 19,713,007 52,669,660 51,137,054 23,395,261 4,672,887 18,722,374
M aine - . 84 4,757,159 357,531 4,399,628 10,854,484 9,111,446 3,974.230 357,531 3,616,699
M ary lan d 142 49,497,457 21,124,045 28,373,412 89,591,718 83,026,671 46,429,894 21,093.145 25,336,749
M assach u setts__________________ 392 56,597,932 7,470,874 49,127,058 135,317,431. 125,401,929 51,925,805 7,470,494 44,455,311
Michigan 461 56,794,593 9,786,319 47,008,274 112,578,076 109,053,697 53,654,698 9,783,955 43,870,743 M in n e s o ta "’ ' 563 36,257,602 3,190,842 33,066,760 87,427,144 83,622,004 33,905,636 3,207,097 30,698,539
Mississippi ’ 231 36,320,091 6,677,728 29,642,363 69,645,647 66,463,638 33,077,395 6,636,259 26,441,136
Missouri 559 48,899,906 8,867,448 40,032,458 120,152,357 115,169,619 45,777,019 8,738,005 37,039,014
M o n tan a' 161 20,530,078 9,884,642 10,645,436 28,315,045 27,661,553 19,547,039 9,682,256 9,864,783
320
321
N ebraska _____________________ 304 74,277,005 40,960,180 33,316,825 86,532,687 80,340,991 67,582,483 40,874,300 20,708,183
N ev ad a __________________ 42 2,476,725 1,081,253 1,395,472 4,203,254 4,067,500 2,456,027 1,069,453 1,386,574
N ew H am p sh ire_______________ 112 8,306,116 1,917,535 6,388,581 17,791,156 16,605,714 7,526,570 1,910,900 5,615.670
N ew Jersey ____________________ 317 68,204,287 24,353,624 43,850,663 117,319,725 105,105,283 59,733.690 23,996,170 35,737,520
N ew Mexico___________________ 96 7,457,351 2,738,172 4,719, 179 11,639,190 11,256,341 7,344,466 2,750,581 4,593,885
N ew Y o rk _____________________ 762 367,098,794 170,672,004 196,426.790 628,322,582 582,595,424 328,390,736 161,165,543 167,225,193
N o rth C arolina_________________ 352 38, 332, 976 12, 666, 625 25, 666, 351 62, 035,460 53, 672,841 31, 792, 413 9,041,576 22, 750,837
N o rth D ak o ta__________________ 193 6,819,674 1,642,027 5,177,647 13,432,853 12,691,396 6,705,889 1,635,953 5,069,936
Ohio___________________________ 1,058 105,105,352 25,452,273 79,653,079 211,746,421 184,842,004 93,193,337 24.756,592 68,436,745
Oklahom a______________________ 302 41, 216,945 18, 319, 302 22,897, 643 54, 770, 630 47,847, 203 37, 310, 640 17,179, 768 20,130, 872
Oregon_________________________ 290 16,939,428 4,929,688 12,009,740 30,447,922 29,091,813 16,648,568 4,933,921 11,714,647
P en n sy lv an ia__________________ 784 206,945,358 89,224,210 117,721,148 395,480,669 369,870,124 178,857,877 87,552,365 91,305,512
R hode Isla n d __________________ 87 15,707,564 1,318,835 14,388,729 36,453,316 33,834,947 13,621,541 1,315,852 12,305,689
S outh C arolina_________________ 243 66,169, 323 33, 307,253 32, 862,070 79,214,470 46, 514,665 36,421,268 16,128,657 20,292,611
S outh D ak o ta__________________ 167 7,463,697 3,146,171 4,317,526 12,069,709 10,993,453 7,314,005 2,994,534 4,319,471
Tennessee______________________ 277 33,607,979 8,729,834 24,878,145 63,025,934 58,008,911 31,144,080 8,756,657 22,387,423
T exas__________________________ 910 113,748,313 53,602,423 60,145,890 167,939,958 154,492,789 106,247,847 51,876,374 54,371,473
U ta h ___________________________ 182 9,399,497 2,539,429 6,860,068 17,989,681 17,380,124 9,137,225 2,536,293 6,600,932
V erm ont_______________________ 104 3,445,236 190,897 3,254,339 8,277,831 7,732,223 3,361,447 190,592 3,170,855
Virginia________________________ 350 32,796,966 9,606,876 23,190,090 60,233,444 56,866,019 31,355,399 9,584,941 21,770,458
W ashington ____________________ 496 34,494,522 2,618,184 31,876,338 82,719,367 81,628,973 31,337,192 2.526,072 28,811,120
W est V irginia__________________ 149 25,571,784 9,976,399 15,595,385 44,909,048 44,170,752 24,135,408 9,977,039 14,158,369
Wisconsin______________________ 462 37.061,392 3,507,317 33,554,075 86,937,920 81,904,097 34,578,120 3,504,217 31,073,903
W yom ing______________________ 58 4.631.469 1,440,300 3,191,169 8,194,381 7,486,690 4,351,630 1,396,900 2,954,730
A lask a_________________________ 33 1,632,033 547,200 1,084,833 2,748,336 2,730,721 1,570,967 547,500 1,023,467
H aw aii_________________________ 57 4,908,250 429,800 4,478,450 11,538,426 10,879,305 4,793,695 423,000 4,370,695
P u erto R ico____________________ 59 15,377,975 8,275,413 7,102,562 18,578,973 14,737,633 12,146,107 7,269,500 4,876,607
Virgin Islan d s__________________ 3 147,883 _____________ 147,883 216,258 208,594 139,895 _____________ 139,895
V arious________________________ ____________ 2,000,000 2,000,000 _______________ 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 _______________
i Construction expenditures represent th e cost of m aterials placed (including the cost of labor performed) and miscellaneous costs for th a t portion of the work completed.
E stim ated to tal cost and construction expenditures have n o t been adjusted to final au d ited project costs. T h e am ount of th is ad ju stm en t to d ate is approxim ately
$96,000,000.
s Includes 32 railroad projects which are n o t d istrib u ted b y S tate. However, dollar am ounts for these projects are d istrib u ted .
TABLE 8C. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—Allotments and construction
expenditures for Federal PWA projects, by State, as of June
30, 1940
State or Territory Number of
projects Allotments Construction
expenditures 1
Total -- - -- _______ _________ __ 17,872 $1,914, 709,731 $1,856,137,456
Alabama - - - __ - - -____ 301 17, 317,170 16,863. 054
Arizona ___ __ _ __ __ _ ____ - — 415 45,716,489 44,751, 790
Arkansas _ - __ __ _ __ __ - — - 272 22,475,039 22,442,139
California _ -__ - - __ ___ 814 88,979,105 88,163,458
Colorado __ ___ __ _______ -- ___ 308 23,339,753 21,880, 056
Connecticut __ __ - - _ _ __ ______ 109 19, 765,286 19,490,781
Delaware ___ - -- -- - ___________ - - 81 4,880,313 4,861, 428
District of Columbia ___ ___ -- ___ 387 94,452,460 89,953,568
Florida ____ __ 287 28,121,596 27,747, 232
Georgia __ _____ -___ ___ -- -- - -- 402 28, 391, 354 27,826, 118
Idaho ___ _ - - -- --- 183 15,133, 706 14,793,038
Illinois ------ _ _ -- - -- 471 71,379, 540 67,041, 536
Indiana __ _____ _ __ - __ 261 24,134, 201 22, 656,859
Iowa _ ____ __ 304 25,322, 734 25, 310, 345
Kansas __ __ ____ ___ ____ 340 20, 520,108 20,424, 406
Kentucky __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -___ - 306 23,612,895 22,616,515
Louisiana __ __ __ - _ _ _ _ 228 26,769,590 26,917,028
Maine _________ __ _ --- 303 23,390,992 23, 377,080
Maryland -___ - 464 35,821,381 34,926,588
Massachusetts __ _____ - --___ __ --__ 245 57,924,263 56,037, 427
Michigan ___ - ___ _ 390 34,666,445 28,679, 594
Minnesota _ _ ___ _ __________ - __ 422 29, 090,980 26,634,980
Mississippi _______________ _________ ___ --_______ 309 20,651,173 20, 601, 517
Missouri __ __ ____ _______________ 361 40,205,781 40,168,157
Montana _____ ___ __ 400 71,160, 467 71,005,267
Nebraska ____ ____ _ - _ - __ 250 23,123,878 22,342,635
Nevada ___ - - -_____ - __ 147 29, 571,135 28,988,492
New Hampshire _____ 78 2,660,692 2,659,993
New Jersey __ _ ___________ -___ -____ __ - — 274 75,354, 656 73,698,029
New Mexico . _ . -__ - ----- 317 21,377,930 19,003,919
New York _ ~_ _____ 679 114,692, 284 109,819,123
North Carolina - ---------- 551 24,101, 829 23,846,907
North Dakota __ .__ ____ 432 8, 296,022 8,264, 227
Ohio _ __ ____ __ ____ ___ _ 522 83,086. 389 77,491,897
Oklahoma . - - __ - -- 402 23,957,963 23, 630, 369
Oregon _ _ __ ___ 327 50, 620,041 49,218,235
Pennsylvania _________ __ - - - 808 77,320,687 77, 201, 397
Rhode Island 85 9,374,910 9, 297, 785
South Carolina -__ _ __ - - 290 23,236, 786 22,861,875
South Dakota ____ - ____ __ __ - - 357 10,219,847 10,151,956
Tennessee _ __ _____ 278 26,409,492 23,145,323
Texas _ __ _ _______ ______ -- - ____ ___ - 840 64,207,590 63, 519. 287
Utah - -. ___________________________ 238 17,771, 555 17,154,882
Vermont .- ______ __ -- -- ___ 108 3,756,770 3, 739,171
Virginia ___ - ---- - __ ____ — 739 85,478,955 83,493,912
Washington ____ ... _ . 424 78,359,468 77, 289,175
West Virginia _ _____ __ _ _ _ _______ _ 180 28,090,204 28,087,678
Wisconsin _______ .. 334 31,923,692 31, 558,824
W yoming __ _________ - -___ - 315 20, 538,807 20, 395, 048
Alaska .. -. ___ ______ ___ - _____ - 222 4,342, 391 4,271,868
Hawaii ___ _ _____ _ _____ _____ - __________ ____ 105 16,760,913 16, 718,259
Puerto Rico -__ ___ ___ 25 3,740,051 3,454,639
Virgin Island __ - - __ . __ 40 4, 551,999 3,972,805
Canal Zone - -. ______ — ___ ________ - - 52 7,845,247 7,841,012
Philippine Islands .__ ___ ________ _____ 4 78,841 78,737
Various _ ___ _________ _ ___ _ _ ______ 86 50,635,886 47, 770,036
1 Construction expenditures represent the cost of materials placed (including the cost of labor performed)
and miscellaneous costs for that portion of the work completed.
322
TABLE 9. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—A llo tm en ts, estim a ted to ta l cost, and con stru ction expenditures
for Federal and non-Federal PWA p ro jects, by major typ e of p ro ject, as of June 30,1940, and con stru ction expenditures
for fiscal year ending June 30, 1940
Allotm ents C onstruction expenditures 12
N ajo um b er of E stim ated i ty j e o p ject projects to tal cost A . T ,n F or the fiscal
T otal Loan G ran t 8 ioao 6 dU’ year ending
194U June 30, 1940
T otal, all projects__________________________________ 34, 512 $4, 243,445, 664 $819, 005, 472 $3,424, 440,192 $6,140,073, 445 $5, 765, 560,616 $889, 771, 016
B u ild in g s3_______________________________________________ 12,657 1,309,213,482 143,824,502 1,165,388,980 2,261,641,397 2,159,982,381 392,009,960
Sewer and w ater system s________________________________ 4, 421 464, 379,809 162, 796,103 301, 583, 706 807, 674, 931 744,461,657 124, 915, 611
E lectric power (excluding w ater pow er)__________________ 280 78,689, 583 31,930, 700 46, 758,883 113, 956,095 83,951, 335 37, 363,835
Streets and highw ays____________________________________ 11,420 658,349,418 17,215,989 641,133,429 918,903,576 859,718,089 135,291,351
H eav y engineering stru ctu res____________________________ 472 268, 778, 275 135, 719,407 133,058,868 469, 698,074 419,130,776 105, 697, 422
Flood control, w ater power and reclam ation _____________ 467 431,505,573 99,800,961 331,704,612 448,465,739 397,424,501 39,746,811
A viation ______________________________________________ 368 49,149,940 ________________ 49,149,940 51,138,077 47,635,224 7,853,918
Vessels ______________________________________________ 261 270,048,276 ________________ 270,048,276 270,048,276 268,569,553 1,585,330
R ailroads ______________________________________________ 32 200,974,500 200,974,500 _______________ 200,974,500 200,974,500 _______________
Miscellaneous___________________________________________ 4,134 512,356,808 26,743,310 485,613,498 597,572,780 583,712,600 45,306,778
T o tal, F ederal projects____________________________ 17,872 1,914,709,731 1,914,709,731 1,914,709,731 1,856,137,456 83,539,539
B uildings3_______________________________________________ 3,230 441,382,119 441,382,119 441,382,119 401,112,272 44,397,573
Sewer an d w ater system s________________________________ 290 7,377,402 7,377,402 7,377,402 7,214,615 678,612
Streets and highw ays____________________________________ 9,924 462,798,757 462,798,757 462,798,757 462,895,191 333,697
Flood control, w ater power and reclam ation _____________ 339 262,459,570 _______________ 262,459, 570 262,459, 570 257, 256, 503 7,155,023
A viation 343 47,962,296 47,962,296 47,962,296 44,619,467 7,478,161
Vessels ___________________________________ x______ 261 270,048,276 _______________ 270,048,276 270,048,276 268,569,553 1,585,330
Miscellaneous___________________________________________ 3,485 422,681,311 _______________ . 422,681,311 422,681,311 414,469,855 21,911,143
T otal, non-Federal projects________________________ 16, 640 2, 328, 735, 933 819,005,472 1, 509, 730, 461 4, 225,363, 714 3,909, 423,160 806, 231,477
B uildings _________________________________________ 9,427 867,831,363 143,824,502 724,006,861 1,820,259,278 1,758,870,109 347,612,387
Sewer and’ w ater system s________________________________ 4,131 457,002,407 162,796,103 294,206,304 800,297,529 737,247,042 124,236,999
E lectric power (excluding w ater pow er)__________________ 280 78,689,583 31,930,700 46.758,883 113,956,095 83,951,335 37,363,835
Streets an d highways ____________________________ 1,496 195,550,661 17,215,989 178,334,672 456,104,819 396,822,898 134,957,654
H eav y engineering stru ctu res____________________________ 472 268,778,275 135,719,407 133,058,868 469,698,074 419,130,776 105,697,422
Flood control, w ater power and reclam ation_____________ 128 169,046,003 99,800,961 69,245,042 186,006,169 140,167,998 32,591,788
A viation ___________ 25 1,187,644 _______________ 1,187,644 3,175,781 3,015,757 375,757
Railroads . ________________ 32 200,974,500 200,974,500 _______________ 200,974,500 200,974,500 _______________
Miscellaneous___________________________________________ ___________649 89,675,497 26,743,310 62,932,187 174,891.469 169,242,745_______ 23,395,635
1 E stim ated to tal cost and construction expenditures $96,000,000. v
2 C onstruction expenditures represent the cost of m aterials placed (including th e cost of labor performed) and miscellaneous costs for th a t portion of the work completed.
3 Includes d ata on low-cost housing projects as of N ovem ber 1, 1937, a t which tim e such projects were transferred to the U n ited S tates Housing A u th o rity .
323
TABLE 10. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION— Total expenditures
for Federal and non-Federal PWA projects, by object of expenditure
and by major type of project, cumulative July 1933-June 1940 and
for fiscal year ending June 30, 1940
Major type of project
Cumulative to June 30, 1940 For fiscal year ending June 30, 1940
Total1 construction
expenditures
Labor costs Nonlabor
costs
Total1 construction
expenditures
Labor
costs
Nonlabor
costs
Total, all projects___ $5,765,560,616 $1,553,710,199 $4,211,850,417 $889, 771,016 $206, 234, 491 $683, 536, 525
Buildings2______ ________ 2,159,982, 381
744, 461, 657
619,869,538
191, 075,434
1, 540,112,843
553,386, 223
392,009, 960
124, 915, 611
99,394, 369
26, 753, 785
292, 615, 591
Sewer and water systems. _ 98,161,826
Electric power (excluding
water power) _ .... 83, 951, 335
859, 718, 089
12, 684, 532
217,813, 972
71, 266,803
641, 904,117
37,363,835
135,291,351
6, 289,096
31,089,628
31,074, 739
Streets and highways. __ 104, 201,723
Heavy engineering structures___________
.. 419,130, 776 92, 688,168 326, 442, 608 105,697,422 24,113, 857 81, 583, 565
Flood control, water power,
and reclamation...___ _ 397,424, 501
47, 635,224
268,569, 553
200, 974, 500
583, 712, 600
105,129,511
10, 696,167
106, 729,788
48,233, 880
148, 789, 209
292, 294, 990
36, 939, 057
161, 839, 765
152, 740,620
434, 923,391
39,746,811
7, 853,918
1, 585,330
7, 447,671
1, 671, 824
320, 953
32,299,140
6,182,094
1, 264, 377
Aviation _ _ _
Vessels___ ____ ... .
Railroads . ... ...___
Miscellaneous..._________ 45, 306, 778 9,153,308 36,153, 470
Total, Federal projects..
... ___ 1,856,137,456 530, 326, 233 1,325, 811,223 83, 539,539 25, 232, 650 58, 306, 889
Buildings2_________ _ . . 401,112, 272
7, 214, 615
101,898, 547
2,344, 534
299,213, 725
4, 870, 081
44,397,573
678, 612
15,493,952
116,454
28,903,621
Sewer and water systems. _. 562,158
Streets and highways_____
Flood control, water power,
462,895,191 124, 286, 637 338, 608, 554 333, 697 101,108 232, 589
and reclamation___ 257, 256,503
44, 619,467
268,569, 553
414,469, 855
77, 771,197
10,012, 719
106, 729, 788
107,282,811
179,485, 306
34, 606, 748
161, 839, 765
307,187, 044
7,155,023
7, 478,161
1,585, 330
21,911,143
2,925,670
1, 592, 083
320, 953
4,682,430
4,229,353
5,886,078
1, 264,377
17,228,.713
Aviation. _ ___ . .
Vessels.. __ __
Miscellaneous ______
Total, non-Federal
projects___________ 3, 909, 423,160 1, 023,383, 966 2,886, 039,194 806, 231,477 181,001,841 625,229, 636
Buildings_________________
Sewer and water systems...
Electric power (excluding
1, 758, 870,109
737, 247,042
517,970, 991
188, 730,900
1, 240, 899,118
548, 516,142
347, 612,387
124, 236, 999
83,900, 417
26, 637, 331
263, 711, 970
97, 599, 668
water power)_________ _ 83,951, 335
396,822,898
12,684,532
93,527,335
71, 266, 803
303, 295, 563
37,363, 835
134,957, 654
6, 289, 096
30,988, 520
31,074,739
Streets and highways_____ 103, 969,134
Heavy engineering structures____________________
Flood control, water power,
419,130, 776 92, 688,168 326,442,608 105,697,422 24,113,857 81, 583, 565
and reclamation ______ 140,167, 998
3,015, 757
27, 358, 314
683,448
112,809, 684
2,332, 309
32, 591,788
375, 757
4,522,001
79, 741
28, 069, 787
Aviation__________________ 296,016
Railroads 200,974, 500
169, 242, 745
48, 233, 880
41, 506,398
152, 740, 620
Miscellaneous..._ _____ 127, 736,347 23, 395,635 4, 470,878 18, 924, 757
1 Construction expenditures represent the cost of materials in place (including the cost of labor performed)
and miscellaneous costs for that portion of the work completed. Figures subject to revision pending adjustment
to final audited project costs.
2 Includes data on low-cost housing projects as of November 1, 1937, at which time such projects were
transferred to the United States Housing Authority.
324
TABLE 11. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—Number and estimated
cost of Federal and non-Federal PWA projects, by type of
project, as of June 30,1940
FEDERAL PROJECTS
Type of project
Number
of
projects
Estimated
total cost
Total Federal projects. 17,872 $1,914,709,731
Streets and highways______ 9,924 462,798. 757
Roads and highways____ 9,824 458,331,076
Streets.. _____ ...____ 8 272,448
Miscellaneous___________ 92 4,195, 233
Sewers, waterworks, power,
other facilities_____ 771 35, 111, 857
Sewer systems...... .............. 99 3,429, 666
Sewage disposal plants. 21 706, 266
Sanitary sewers________ 73 2, 458,018
Storm sewers__________ 5 265, 382
Sewer and water_________ 29 601,733
Water systems___________ 162 3,346,003
Water mains__________ 38 373, 619
Filtration plants_______ 1 339, 504
Reservoirs_____________ 20 498, 072
Complete waterworks.. 103 2,134,808
Garbage and rubbish disposal________________
20 132, 480
Gas plants_______________ 1 48,990
Electric power excluding
water power_____ 93 15,687,010
Electric distribution
systems____________ 39 11,169.909
Power construction____ 54 4, 517,101
Miscellaneous___________ 367 11,865,975
Buildings_________________ 3, 230 441, 382,119
Educational buildings___ 204 20, 712, 250
Secondary schools_____ 147 7,894,131
Colleges and universities________________
36 5,907,014
Other educational institutions____________
21 6,911,105
Municipal auditoriums
and armories________ 1 148,000
Courthouses_________ ... 29 1,009,260
Post offices______________ 406 43,406, 751
Hospitals and institutions 153 37,070,932
Penal institutions_______ 75 14,938, 544
Social, recreational buildings—
28 1, 756, 362
Residential______________ 550 73,838,863
Office and administrative. 218 41,066, 715
Warehouses, laboratories,
shops______________ 677 37,158,800
Type of project
Number
of
projects
Estimated
total cost
Buildings—Continued.
Housing projects i________ 125 $145,552, 532
Miscellaneous___________ 764 24, 723,110
Flood control, water power,
reclamation________ 339 262, 459, 570
Dams and canals________ 153 78,618,985
Channel rectification, levees,
etc_____________ 18 3, 275, 674
Storage reservoirs________ 17 8,890,188
W ater-po wer development. 11 81,705,774
Soil erosion______________ 93 14,459. 504
Flood control. _________ 27 45, 596,085
Miscellaneous___________ 20 29,913, 360
Water navigation aids_____ 695 256,926, 765
Dams and canals________ 81 121,207, 598
Channel rectification, levees,
etc-- --- ----------- 110 70,715, 237
Locks.. ________________ 35 30,958, 785
Lighthouses_____________ 212 3,916,848
Other navigation aids___ 257 30,128, 297
Vessels____________________ 261 270,048,276
Naval _____ ____________ 60 238,572, 527
Coast Guard____________ 101 26,093,792
Nonmilitary_________ ____ 100 5,381,957
Engineering structures____ 179 23,041, 280
Bridges and viaducts____ 9 1,351,800
Wharves, piers, docks___ 63 9,142, 688
Other____________________ 107 12,546,792
Aviation_______ ___________ 343 47,962, 296
Aircraft_________________ 46 16,168,246
Improvement to landing
fields________________ 195 25, 541,453
Other aids_______ ____ _ 102 6, 252,597
Recreational_______________ 88 5,210,869
Miscellaneous_____________ 2,042 109,767,942
Surveying and mapping._ 610 20, 711. 309
Miscellaneous improvements
to Federal land.. 295 25, 546,700
Ordnance_______________ 50 7,108,124
Machine tools for navy
yards________________ 81 4,123. 746
Game and fish protection. 203 2,726,201
Plant pest and disease
control.___ .. . 146 5,733,749
Other____________________ 657 43,818,113
' Includes low-cost housing projects as’ of December 1, 1937, at which time such projects were transferred
to the United States Housing Authority.
325
TABLE 11. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—Number and estimated
cost of Federal and non-Federal PWA projects, by type of
project, as of June 30, 1940—Continued
NON-FEDERAL PROJECTS
Type of project
Number
of
projects
Estimated
total cost
Total non-Federal
projects__________ 16, 640 $4.225,363, 714
Streets and highways______ 1,496 456,104,819
Roads and highways____ 605 298,187, 519
Streets_______________ .. 779 123,797,974
Grade-crossing elimination 29 27,270,402
Miscellaneous___________ 83 6,848,924
Sewers, waterworks, power,
other facilities_____ 4,625 954, 721, 215
Sewer systems___________ 1, 524 465, 606,414
Sewage disposal plants.. 871 325,797,944
Sanitary sewers________ 462 87,329, 721
Storm sewers__________ 116 20,040,158
Combined sewers______ 75 32,438, 591
Sewer and water_________ 196 23,996,878
Water systems___________ 2,411 310, 694, 237
Water mains__________ 251 29, 584,443
Filtration plants_______ 118 18.322,914
Reservoirs... ..___ .. 182 26,809, 884
Complete waterworks.. 1,860 235,976,996
Garbage and rubbish disposal________________
41 10, 830,472
Gas plants_______________ 25 1,753,490
Electric nower excluding
water power_____ 280 113,956,095
Electric distribution
systems____________ 52 8, 695,887
Power construction____ 228 105, 260, 208
Miscellaneous.................. 148 27,883,629
Buildings__________________ 9,427 1,820, 259, 278
Educational buildings___ 7,283 1,176, 539, 738
Secondary schools_____ 6, 450 943,069, 570
Colleges and universities. 663 202,901,696
Other educational
buildings__________ 65 18, 606, 538
Public libraries________ 105 11,961,934
Type of project
Number
of
projects
Estimated
total cost
Buildings—Continued.
Municipal auditoriums
and armories________ 102 $30,955,998
Courthouses and city
halls_________________ 627 144,595, 635
Hospitals and institutions________________
668 304,096, 510
Penal institutions . ____ 177 36, 768, 331
Social, recreational buildings-------
H------------------ 131 16, 586,646
Residential buildings____ 6 727, 250
Office and administrative 130 35,837,899
Warehouses, laboratories,
shops, etc____________ 83 11,938,467
Housing (limited dividend)
1______________ 7 11, 620,433
Miscellaneous___________ 213 50, 592, 371
Flood control, water power,
and reclamation___ 128 186,006,169
Dams and canals________ 32 18,366,027
Channel rectification, levees,
etc. ... ______ 3 484, 634
Storage reservoirs________ 8 3,003,885
Water-power development___________
___ 14 107,965, 348
Soil erosion. ... _ _ ___ 3 827,211
Flood control____________ 24 49, 739,143
Miscellaneous___________ 44 5,719,921
Water navigation aids_____ 45 19, 718,055
Dams and canals________ 2 516,046
Channel rectification, levees,
etc______________ 6 4,033, 268
Other navigation aids___ 37 15,168, 741
Engineering structures____ 472 469, 698,074
Bridges and viaducts____ 378 220,661, 581
Wharves, piers and docks. 53 28,588, 648
Subways and tunnels____ 14 213,966, 749
Other___________________ 27 6,481,096
Aviation__________________ 25 3,175, 781
Recreational_______________ 136 23, 751,901
Miscellaneous_____________ 254 90,953,922
Railroads__________________ 32 200,974, 500
326
TABLE 12. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—Construction expenditures1
for Federal and non-Federal PWA projects, by State, for fiscal
year ending June 30, 1940
State or Territory
Total_______________________ ____________________
Alabama_______________________________________________
Arizona________________________________________________
Arkansas______________ ________________________________
California______________________________________________
Colorado_______________________________________________
Connecticut___________ _______________________________
Delaware______________________________________________
District of Columbia___________________________________
Florida_________________ _______________________________
Georgia_____________________ ___________________________
Idaho__________________________________________________
Illinois____________________________ _____________________
Indiana________________________________________________
Iowa___________________________________________________
Kansas_____________________________ ___________ .______
Kentucky__________________________’____________ ______
Louisiana______________________________________________
Maine_________________________________________________
Maryland___________________________ _________________
Massachusetts__________________ _____ ....___ _________
Michigan_____________ _______________..._____ _________
Minnesota__________ ______...______ __________________
Mississippi__________ ..._________________...____ _____
Missouri_______________________________________________
Montana______________________________________________
Nebraska____ _________________________■_____________
Nevada_________________ _____________________________
New Hampshire______ ______ _. ___________________ _. _.
New Jersey_____________________ __________________......
New Mexico________________________ _______________....
New York_____________________________________________
North Carolina__________________ ______________________
North Dakota___________ _____________________________
Ohio______________________________________________ .____
Oklahoma_____________________________________________
Oregon_________________________________________________
Pennsylvania__________________________________________
Rhode Island__________________________________________
South Carolina________________________________________
South Dakota_________________________________________
Tennessee______________________________________________
Texas_____________________ _____________________________
Utah___________________________________________________
Vermont_______________________________________________
Virginia________________________________________________
Washington____________________________________________
West Virginia__________________________________________
Wisconsin_____________________________________________
Wyoming______________________________________________
Alaska______________________________ ___________________
Hawaii________________________________________________
Puerto Rico____________________________________________
Virgin Islands_________ ________________________________
Various________________________________________________
Federal
projects
Non-Federal
Total projects
$889,771,016 $83, 539, 539 $806, 231,477
11,554, 860 637,480 10, 917,380
2,350,286 663, 034 1, 687, 252
3,859,046 40,488 3, 818, 558
31, 500, 863 5, 732, 735 25, 768,128
11,338,590 3, 774, 360 7, 564, 230
21, 357,613 2, 506, 337 18, 851, 276
1,461,773 314, 334 1,147, 439
14, 574,163 3, 541, 042 11, 033,121
5,687,760 1, 202,656 4,485,104
9,638, 260 566,347 9,071, 913
1, 296,960 211,508 1,085,452
62, 524,197 4, 711, 354 57,812,843
29, 579, 908 2,033,317 27,546, 591
11, 506, 280 364, 586 11,141, 694
10,322,173 690, 931 9,631, 242
12, 902,137' 2,105,066 10, 797,071
12,145,458 24,174 12,121,284
2,182,370 231, 844 1, 950, 526
20, 377, 722 5, 937,186 14,440, 536
28, 796, 654 2, 479,946 26,316, 708
29, 264, 335 796, 689 28,467, 646
19, 256, 086 215,691 19,040, 399
14, 228, 274 76, 858 14,151,416
14,585, 924 479, 464 14,106,460
6,035, 536 1, 524,124 4,511,412
17, 287,969 112,692 17,175,277
406, 656 200, 536 206,120
3, 906,168 2, 723 3,903,445
29, 322, 434 1, 348, 650 27, 973, 784
2,154, 280 980, 554 1,173, 726
123,640, 014 4, 259, 556 119,380,458
12, 335,812 335, 535 12,000, 277
2, 609, 402 123, 089 2, 486,313
52, 956, 780 3, 362, 694 49, 594, 086
14, 870, 029 810, 570 14,059,459
4, 769,266 1, 991, 320 2,777,946
82, 863, 365 1,447, 887 81,415, 478
10. 002, 209 357,145 9, 645,064
18, 081,237 1, 069,195 17,012,042
1, 056,930 180, 574 876, 356
8. 924, 260 412,431 8, 511, 829
20, 990, 784 3, 437,455 17, 553, 329
3, 548, 903 1,168,454 2,380, 449
1. 639, 247 44, 576 1, 594, 671
17, 297, 610 6, 769, 582 10, 528,028
31,266,005 12,442, 396 18,823, 609
10,823, 789 36,928 10, 786, 861
19, 527, 271 202,123 19, 325,148
1, 952, 334 239, 721 1, 712, 613
518, 912 31, 657 487, 255
1,253,631 1, 253, 631
6, 461, 465 376,175 6, 085; 290
374, 253 330, 997 43, 256
602,773 602, 773
1 Construction expenditures represent the cost of materials placed (including the cost of labor performed)
and miscellaneous costs for that portion of the work completed.
327
TABLE 13. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—Federal disbu rsem en ts for Federal and non-Federal PWA p ro je c ts,
by S ta te, for fiscal year ending June 30, 1940
T o tal projects11 N on-F ederal projects
S tate or T errito ry ________ ___________________________________,_____ _ _______________________________________________ T o tal Loan G ra n t2 T o tal T o tal L oan G ran t
T o ta l-------------------------------------------------------------------- $412,098,733 $58,709,253 $353,389,480 $83,539,539 $328,559,194 $58,709,253 $269,849,941
A lab am a.---------------------------------------------------------------------- 6,495,894 2,416,400 4,079,494 637,480 5,858,414 2,416,400 3,442,014
A rizona-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2,167,146 112,500 2,054,646 663,034 1,504,112 112,500 1,391,612
A rk an sas------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1,678,769 245,000 1,433,769 40,488 1,638,281 245,000 1,393,281
C alifornia--------------------------------------------------------------------- 16,050,408 573,000 15,477,408 5,732,735 10,317,673 573.000 9,744,673
Colorado------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8,493,449 166,000 8,327,449 3,774,360 4,719,089 166,000 4,553,089
C o n n ecticu t------------------------------------------------------------------- 6,054,077 ------------------------ 6,054,077 2,506,337 3,547,740 ________________ 3,547,740
D elaw are----------------------------------------------------------------------- 709,544 ------------------------ 709,544 314,334 395,210 _______________ 395,210
D istrict of C o lum b ia___________________________________ 11,036,612 4,122,563 6,914,049 3,541,042 7,495,570 4,122,563 3,373,007
F lo rid a--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4,498,443 885,983 3,612,460 1,202,656 3,295,787 885,983 2,409,804
Georgia-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4,308,545 Cr. 306,710 4,615,255 566,347 3,742,198 Cr. 306,710 4,048,908
Id a h o ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 964,867 56,700 908,167 211,508 753,359 56,700 696,659
Illinois--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20,327,618 Cr. 18,000 20,345,618 4,711,354 15,616,264 Cr. 18,000 15,634,264
In d ia n a ________________________________________________ 10,658,743 _______________ 10,658,743 2,033,317 8,625,426 ___________ _ 8,625,426
Iow a___________________________________________________ 5,522,494 5,522,494 364,586 5,157,908 5,157,908
K an sas________________________________________________ 5,123,678 Cr.42,000 5,165,678 690,931 4,432,747 Cr. 42,000 4,474,747
K en tu ck y ______________________________________________ 5,436,816 69,517 5,367,299 2,105,066 3,331,750 69,517 3,262,233
L ouisiana______________________________________________ 4,560,603 31,000 4,529,603 24,174 4,536,429 31,000 4,505,429
M ain e_________________________________________________ 949,434 949,434 231,844 717,590 717,590 M ary lan d ______________________________________________ 12,067,432 12,067,432 5,937,186 6,130,246 6,130,246
M assach u setts_________________________________________ 11,163,515 11,163,515 2,479,946 8,683,569 8,683,569
M ich ig an ______________________________________________ 12,760,627 182,600 12,578,027 796,689 11,963,938 182,600 11,781,338
M innesota ____________________________________________ 8,548,610 8,548,610 215,691 8,332,919 8,332,919
M ississippi____________________________________________ 3,997,805 23,000 3,974,805 76,858 3,920,947 23,000 3,897,947
M isso u ri__________________________________________________ 5,971,237 I 52,000 5,919,237 479,464 5,491,773 52,000 5,439,773 M o n tan a__________________________________________________ 4,507,556 I 1,097,700 3,409,856 1,524,124 2,983,432 .1,097,700 1,885,732
328
N eb rask a----------------------------------------------------------------------- 14,081,000 7,323,000 6,758,000 112,692 13,968,308 7,323,000 6 645 308
N ev ad a----- -------------------------------------------------------------- 334,767 ------------------------ 334,767 200,536 134,231 _____ ’ 134,231
New H am p sh ire------------------------------------------------------------ 1,200,180 _______________ 1,200,180 2,723 1,197,457 1 197 457
New Jersey-------------------------------------------------------------------- 12,837,193 1,961,000 10,876,193 1,348,650 11,488,543 "1,961,000 9! 527 543
New Mexico------------------------------------------------------------------ 1,719,172 -------- -.------------- 1,719,172 980,554 738,618 ______ . . . . . . . . 738:618
New York ----------------------------------------------------------------- 39, 544,145 15,042,000 24, 502,145 4, 259, 556 35, 284, 589 15,042,000 20, 242, 589
N o rth C arolina-------------------------------------------------------------- 4,197,406 Cr. 762,500 4,959,906 335,535 3,861,871 Cr. 762,500 4 624 371 N o rth D ak o ta-----------------------------------------------.■--------------- 1,187,873 ------------------------ 1,187,873 123,089 1,064,784 1 064 784
Ohio ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19,808,631 ------------------------ 19,808,631 3,362,694 16,445,937 ____ 16,445,937
O klahom a-------------------------------------------------------------------- 15,893,339 9,608,000 6,285,339 810,570 15,082,769 9,608,000 5:474:769
Oregon--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3,503,155 36,000 3,467,155 1,991,320 1,511,835 36,000 1,475 835
P en n sy lv an ia----------------------------------------------------------------- 28,299,175 ------------------------ 28,299,175 1,447,887 26,851,288 . , 26 851 288
Rhode Islan d ----------------------------------------------------------------- 2,910,198 ------------------------ 2,910,198 357,145 2,553,053 2,553,053
S outh C arolina-------------------------------------------------------------- 12,910,418 6,846,000 6,064,418 1,069,195 11,841,223 6,846,000 4 995 223
South D ak o ta---------------------------------------------------------------- 683,974 43,000 640,974 180,574 503,400 43,000 ’460,400
T ennessee---------------------------------------------------------------------- 4,916,372 ------------------------ 4,916,372 412,431 4,503,941 _________ 4,503,941
T exas----------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- 16,436,115 3,395,500 13,040,615 3,437,455 12,998,660 3,395,500 9,603,160 U ta h ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2,711,869 127,500 2,584,369 1,168,454 1,543,415 127,500 1 415,915
V erm o n t------------------------------------------------------------------------ 715,893 ------------------------ 715,893 44,576 671,317 671 317
Virginia------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11,294,023 11,294,023 6,769,582 4,524,441 _______________ 4,524,441
W ashington ------------------------------------------------------------------- 17,043,798 17,043,798 12,442,396 4,601,402 . 4,601,402
W est V irginia--------------------------------------------------------------------- 6,010,610 6,010,610 36,928 5,973,682 5 973 682
Wisconsin---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9,263,500 9,263,500 202,123 9,061,377 9 061 377 W yom ing---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,376,320 443,000 933,320 239,721 1,136,599 443,666 693,599
A lask a--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 272,122 46,000 226,122 31,657 240,465 46,000 194,465
H aw aii--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 882,209 ------------------------ 882,209 _______________ 882,209 . . . 882,209
P u erto R ico--------------------------------------- . -------------------------- 7,066,446 4,933,500 2,132,946 376,175 6,690,271 4,933,500 1 756,771
Virgin Islan d s---------------------------------------------------------------- 342,135 ----------------------- 342,135 330,997 11,138 11 138
V arious________________________________________________ 602,773 _______________ 602,773 602,773 ____________________________________________
1 Actual disbursem ents of Federal funds for Federal PW A projects are not available. E xpenditures (which represent the cost of m aterials in place, including the cost of
labor performed, and miscellaneous costs for th a t portion of the work completed) as reported b y the agencies u n d er whose supervision the projects were constructed are used in lieu of disbursem ents.
2 Includes construction expenditures on F ederal projects.
N ote.—“ C r.” denotes bond cancellation in lieu of grant paym ent.
329
TABLE 14A. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—Number and estimated
total cost of all PWA projects remaining uncomplete on July 1,
1939, and on June 30, 1940, and completions during the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1940, by State
State or Territory
Completed during fiscal
year ending June 30,1940
Uncomplete on July 1,
1939
Uncomplete on June 30,
1940
Number
of
projects
Estimated
total cost
Number
of
projects
Estimated
total cost
Number
of
projects
Estimated
total cost
Total________________ 4,549 $1, 278,854,449 5,440 $2,405, 729,868 891 $1,126,875, 419
Alabama ______ - 93 17, 001, 229 106 24, 286, 282 13 7, 285,053
Arizona _ - ______ 45 5, 307, 746 59 8,024,162 14 2, 716, 416
A rkansas __ _______ 39 5, 665, 529 47 8,258, 507 8 2, 592,978
California _ --__ 212 47, 305,629 248 75, 500, 804 36 28,195,175
Colorado - - __ 65 16,857,443 83 27,075,397 18 10,217,954
Connecticut __ ________ 38 15, 767, 622 56 41,217,745 18 25, 450,123
Delaware _ - 17 3, 004, 623 20 3,414,923 3 410, 300
District of Columbia _ - - 13 4; 697, 665 36 62, 083,182 23 57, 385. 517
Florida _ -- - — - 79 9,966,575 97 15,676, 730 18 5, 710,155
Georgia - - 103 10, 273,951 131 28, 263, 783 28 17,989,832
Idaho _ _ ---------------- 50 6, 265, 322 53 6, 676,096 3 410, 774
Illinois _ -- - ____ 149 108,892,864 173 192, 206,131 24 83, 313, 267
Indiana - -- - - 138 29,786,534 151 52,003, 816 13 22, 217,282
Inwa __ - - — 148 26,147,168 155 28,613, 692 7 2,466, 524
Kansas _ __ __________ 55 13,483, 372 63 18, 757, 376 8 5, 274,004
Kentucky __ -- — 91 16, 783, 719 107 33,359,934 16 16,576, 215
Louisiana ___ ____ 74 35, 627, 548 77 35, 705, 378 3 77,830
ATaine ___________- 44 6, 559,391 48 7,376, 295 4 816,904
Maryland __ - — 90 16,467, 667 134 65,171,822 44 48,704,155
Massachusetts _______- 129 27, 520,952 150 60,993,038 21 33,472,086
Michigan ____ - - 173 69, 503,824 190 79, 552,343 17 10, 048, 519
Minnesota - - ____ 208 28, 328,196 225 44,447, 214 17 16.119, 018
Mississippi _ - - 51 5, 557, 687 61 28,416,949 10 22, 859, 262
Missouri . - ___ 172 51,804, 562 190 61,653, 660 18 9, 849, 098
lyionf.Ana _ _ ______ 47 9, 213, 070 71 15,190, 730 24 5,977,915
Nebraska __ ____ — 58 16,859,194 70 59,850, 733 12 42,991, 539
Nevada __ _______ 14 862,976 20 3, 251, 690 6 2, 388, 714
New Hampshire ___ 21 4,846,907 22 8,002, 552 1 3,155,645
New Jersey __ _________ 99 28.851, 254 125 58,458, 056 26 29, 606,802
New Mexico _ 41 3,719, 220 53 13,159,985 12 9,440,765
N e w Vork _ _____ ____ 206 199, 764, 409 273 345,764,315 67 145,999,906
North Carolina ____ 120 23,806,718 131 34,072, 541 11 10, 265,823
North Dakota ___ ____ 52 4, 743,416 58 4,912,133 6 168, 717
Ohio _ _______________ 355 57, 604, 756 390 140,525,963 35 82,921, 207
Oklahoma _ - _____ 49 6,647, 302 59 31,029, 648 10 24, 382,346
Oregon - -- 85 10,786,161 102 14, 637,754 17 3,851,593
Pennsylvania _________ 231 95, 376, 278 268 218,367, 188 37 122,990,910
Rhode Island - __ - 17 4,881, 653 32 15, 798,434 15 10,916, 781
South Carolina _ - __ 57 10. 267, 359 74 61, 253, 858 17 50,986, 499
South Dakota _ _ _ _ 31 8, 260, 085 35 8,445, 283 4 185,198
Tennessee 56 15, 233, 561 70 32, 315,076 14 17,081, 515
Texas _ __ - ________ 169 43.958,972 211 83, 805,681 42 39,846, 709
Utah ____________ 55 5,902, 306 63 9, 334, 680 8 3, 432, 374
Vermont ____ __ ______ 22 3, 711, 270 24 3,921, 020 2 209, 750
Virginia __ - - - - 129 29, 581,129 166 48, 535,577 37 18,954, 448
Washington - - 85 53, 709,138 108 67,813, 220 23 14,104,082
West Virginia _ _ __ - 34 13,970, 228 43 22, 004, 848 9 8,034, 620
Wisconsin __ _ 175 35,907,153 192 40,296,112 17 4, 388,959
Wyoming __ __ ____ 23 3,103,123 35 13, 047, 255 12 9,944,132
Alaska _ __ ___ 9 1, 024, 552 12 1. 106, 552 3 82, 000
Hawaii-------------------------------- 12 4,756,769 12 4, 756, 769
Puerto Rico _ - _____ 21 2,928,672 36 12,926,907 15 9,998,235
Virgin Islands 6 3, 244,989 6 3, 244,989
Various____________________— 19 21,164,805 19 21,164, 805
330
TABLE 14B. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION— Number and estimated
total cost of Federal PWA projects remaining uncomplete on
July 1, 1939, and on June 30, 1940, and completions during fiscal year
ending June 30, 1940, by State
State or Territory
Completed during fiscal
vear ending June 30,
1940
Uncomplete on July 1,
1939
Uncomplete on June 30,
1940
Number
of
projects
Estimated
total
cost
Number
of
projects
Estimated
total
cost
Number
of
projects
Estimated
total
cost
Total________________ _ 856 $165, 887,880 1,408 $443, 698, 937 552 $277, 811, 057
Alabama______ . .. . .. 8 113,487 18 1, 032, 268 10 918, 781
Arizona. . . . ___ _ . 31 1, 042, 737 43 3,437, 551 12 2, 394, 814
Arkansas.. _. .__ __ . . 5 147,464 11 592; 054 6 444, 590
California . . ... 89 10, 288, 201 118 17, 523,926 29 7, 235, 725
Colorado___________________ 19 3, 441, 352 32 10, 734,119 13 7, 292, 767
Connecticut . . __ ... 15 1, 822, 977 18 3,924, 727 3 2,101, 750
Delaware .... 6 493, 837 9 904,137 3 410, 300
District of Columbia______ 13 4, 697, 665 34 43, 483,182 21 38, 785, 517
Florida.. ... __ . .. ... 31 1,147, 886 45 2. 748,455 14 1, 600. 569
Georgia____________________ 9 1,14L 748 21 11, 634, 330 12 10,492, 582
Idaho______________________ 11 2, 503. 642 14 2,914,416 3 410, 774
Illinois . . ... ____ 28 5, 248, 096 42 11,181, 821 14 5,933, 725
Indiana _ ... ___ 6 ' 601. 052 11 3,978,852 5 3,377,800
Iowa ______ . _ ___ _ 9 4, 882, 340 11 5,435. 340 2 553, 000
Kansas____________________ 2 107, 500 8 1’ 411,050 6 1, 303, 550
Kentucky 11 1,847, 022 20 5,209,830 9 3, 362, 808
Louisiana . ... . .. 6 54, 594 9 132.424 3 77,830
Maine ______ .... 18 482, 715 21 874, 619 3 391, 904
Maryland . . . . 54 4. 549, 478 92 12,129,158 38 7, 579, 680
Massachusetts____ . 28 2,139, 270 42 11,446, 890 14 9, 307, 620
Michigan ________________ 20 656,963 32 2, 022, 988 12 1,366,025
Minnesota____ . . . . 10 446, 045 18 11,338,981 8 10, 892,936
Mississippi . ______ 3 66, 944 8 7,183, 711 5 7,116, 767
Missouri __ _ . 6 25,036, 739 11 26, 008, 739 5 972, 000
Montana _ _ _ _______ 19 2, 491, 350 36 3.887, 920 17 1, 396, 570
Nebraska ... 2 11.884,100 6 12. 024, 243 4 140,143
Nevada___ . ... 10 243, 965 16 2, 632. 679 6 2, 388, 714
2 15. 000 2 15,000
New Jersey . . 26 1, 703, 160 38 3,465.268 12 1, 762,108
New Mexico . 26 565, 115 37 9, 705,880 11 9,140, 765
New York .. ___ . 33 24,192,171 56 31, 574,410 23 7,382.239
North Carolina 23 1, 004, 553 30 1, 525, 528 7 520,975
North Dakota ___ .. 10 557,173 16 725,890 6 168, 717
Ohio _ __ _ ___ ... 14 495, 732 22 32.904, 691 8 32,408. 959
Oklahoma _ ... . . 14 638, 244 23 2, 270, 590 9 1, 632, 346
Oregon ... . ... 23 595, 619 39 4, 389, 847 16 3, 794, 228
Pennsylvania__ . - - 11 882, 488 29 23,397,864 18 22, 515, 376
Rhode Island . . _______ 5 103,132 13 736, 389 8 633, 257
South Carolina 22 781, 505 31 3,369, 508 9 2, 588,003
South Dakota . - - 10 6,480, 347 14 6, 665, 545 4 185,198
Tennessee________________ 4 96, 907 12 866,975 8 770, 068
Texas - __ - - - - 23 4, 588, 076 49 10, 231,688 26 5,643, 612
Utah____ _________________ 19 1, 559, 090 24 3. 548, 879 5 1,989, 789
Vermont __ _ . . 5 349, 299 7 559. 049 2 209,750
Virginia___________________ 36 11,741, 717 68 23,892, 985 32 12.151.268
Washington ______ __ 52 20, 485, 233 73 31, 890, 061 21 11,404. 828
West Virginia------------------- 4 808. 966 6 1, 057,966 2 249,000
Wisconsin ___ . 15 367, 779 23 617. 509 8 249, 730
Wyoming _ _ _ 10 297,405 20 9, 392.086 10 9, 094, 681
Alaska ___ 3 82,000 3 82,000
Puerto Rico __ - 3 655,000 3 655.000
Virgin Islands __ _ 5 3,165,114 5 3,165,114
Various____________________ 19 21,164,805 19 21,164,805
274771—41---- 22
331
TABLE 14C. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION— Number and estimated
total cost of non-Federal PWA projects remaining uncomplete
on July 1, 1939, and on June 30, 1940, and completions during the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1940, by State
State or Territory
Completed during fiscal
year ending June 30,
1940
Uncomplete on July
1, 1939
Uncomplete on June
30, 1940
Number
of
projects
Estimated
total
cost
Number
of
projects
Estimated
total
cost
Number
of
projects
Estimated
total
cost
Total_______________ ■ 3,693 $1,112,966,569 4,032 $1.962,030,931 339 $849, 064,362
Alabama .____ .. __ 85 16,887, 742 88 23, 254,014 3 6, 366, 272
Arizona _ ___ __ 14 4, 265,009 16 4, 586, 611 2 321, 602
Arkansas______ __ ________ 34 5, 518,065 36 7, 666,453 2 2,148, 388
California------- ----------------- 123 37,017,428 130 57, 976,878 7 20, 959,450
Colorado_______ __________ 46 13, 416,091 51 16, 341,278 5 2. 925,187
Connecticut_________ 23 13.944, 645 38 37, 293,018 15 23,348,373
Delaware ____ - -- 11 2,510, 786 11 2, 510, 786
District of Columbia . ___ 2 18,600,000 2 18, 600,000
Florida . ______ - ___ 48 8,818, 689 52 12, 928, 275 4 4.100,586
Georgia________ 94 9,132, 203 110 16,629,453 16 7,497,250
Idaho ____________ _______ 39 3, 761,680 39 3,761,680
Illinois .. .__ _____ .. . 121 103,644, 768 131 181,024,310 10 77,379, 542
Indiana_________________ 132 29,185,482 140 48,024,964 8 18,839.482
Iowa _ _________ _____ 139 21, 264,828 144 23,178, 352 1. 913, 524
Kansas - -___ __________ 53 13. 375,872 55 17,346,326 9 3, 970, 454
Kentucky. ____ ... 80 14,936,697 87 28,150,104 7 13,213,407
Louisiana______ __ 68 35, 572, 954 68 35, 572,954
Maine ____ - - - - -- 26 6,076,676 27 6, 501,676 1 425,000
Maryland ______ 36 11,918,189 42 53,042, 664 6 41,124,475
Massachusetts____ ________ 101 25, 381,682 108 49, 546,148 7 24,164, 466
Michigan ____ ____ _____ 153 68.846,861 158 77,529, 355 5 8,682,494
Minnesota ______ - _____ 198 27,882,151 207 33,108, 233 9 5,226,082
Mississippi. ____ ________- 48 5, 490,743 53 21,233,238 5 15,742,495
Missouri .____ - - __ 166 26, 767.823 179 35,644,921 13 8, 877,098
Montana _____ - - - - - 28 6,721,720 35 11,303,065 7 4, 581, 345
Nebraska_____ . 56 4,975,094 64 47,826, 490 8 42,851, 396
Nevada _ ______ 4 619,011 4 619,011
New Hampshire - - - 19 4,831,907 20 7, 987, 552 1 3,155,645
New Jersey____ __ . . 73 27,148,094 87 54, 992, 788 14 27,844,694
New Mexico___ .. -____ 15 3,154,105 16 3,454,105 1 300,000
New York ________ __ _ 173 175, 572,238 217 314,189,905 44 138,617,667
North Carolina.___________ 97 22,802,165 101 32, 547,013 4 9, 744,848
North Dakota _ _ 42 4,186,243 42 4,186.243
Ohio _____ ____ - - -- 341 57,109,024 368 107, 621, 272 27 50, 512,248
Oklahoma_________________ 35 6,009,058 36 28,759,058 1 22, 750,000
Oregon ________ ______ ___ 62 10,190, 542 63 10,217,907 1 57,365
Pennsylvania__ _ 220 94, 493,790 239 194,969,324 19 100,475,534
Rhode Island . -____ 12 4,778, 521 19 15,062,045 10,283, 524
South Carolina____ __ 35 9,485, 854 43 57,884, 350 8 48,398,496
South Dakota 21 1, 779,738 21 1, 779, 738
Tennessee . __ __ ____ 52 15,136,654 58 31.448,101 6 16, 311,447
Texas. . ____ __ . ... 146 39, 370. 896 162 73, 573,993 16 34,203,097
Utah ___________________ 36 4,343, 216 39 5,785,801 3 1,442, 585
Vermont -____ _ - ______ 17 3, 361,971 17 3, 361,971
Virginia------------------------------ 93 17,839, 412 98 24,642, 592 5 6, 803,180
Washington. __ .... 33 33, 223,905 35 35,923,159 2 2,699, 251
West Virginia_____________ 30 13,161.262 37 20,916, 882 7 7,785.620
Wisconsin______ ____ _ __ 160 35, 539,374 169 39,678,603 9 4,139, 229
Wyoming______________ .. 13 2, 805, 718 15 3,655,169 2 849,451
Alaska . . ________________ 9 1,024, 552 9 1,024,552
Hawaii 12 4,756, 769 12 4,756,769
Puerto Rico_____ ___ ______ 21 2. 928; 672 33 12; 271,907 12 9,343,235
Virgin Islands__ ______ __ 1 79,875 1 79,875
Various
332
TABLE 15. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—Number and estimated
total cost of Federal and non-Federal PWA projects remaining
uncomplete on July 1, 1939, and on June 30,1940, and completions during
fiscal year ending June 30, 1940, by major type of project
Major type of project
Completed during
fiscal year ending
June 30, 1940
Uncomplete on July 1,
1939
Uncomplete on June
30, 1940
Number
of
projects
Estimated
total cost
Number
of
projects
Estimated
total cost
Number
of
projects
Estimated
total cost
Total, all projects_________ 4, 549 $1,278,854,449 5,440 $2,405,729,868 891 $1,126,875,419
Buildings____________ _______ 2,658 616,103, 522 3,028 889,872,924 370 273, 769,402
Sewer and water systems_______
Electric power (excluding water
713 256,059,010 794 356, 288,029 81 100, 229,019
power)________________________ 97 16, 922, 781 136 68, 983,082 39 52,060, 301
Streets and highways___ 334 154, 474, 744 369 360, 588, 280 35 206,113,536
Heavy engineering structures___
Flood control, water power and
97 105,418, 546 124 271, 238,079 27 165,819,533
reclamation_________ 52 41,390,008 98 232, 337, 740 46 190, 947, 732
Aviation__________ 40 6, 355, 269 51 20,930, 564 11 14,575, 295
Vessels________________ . . 26 4,381,961 34 41,904,353 8 37, 522,392
Miscellaneous___________________ 532 77,748,608 806 163, 586,817 274 85,838, 209
Total, Federal projects____ 856 165, 887,880 1,408 443,698,937 552 277,811,057
Buildings______________ 303 38, 707, 520 519 109,619, 805 216 70,912, 285
Sewer and water systems_______ 54 809. 263 69 1,433, 294 15 624,031
Streets and highways___________
Flood control, water power and
13 48, 280,067 26 113, 654,349 13 65,374,282
reclamation_______ . .. . 33 25,137,246 62 74,002, 320 29 48,865,074
Aviation______________ 35 5,059, 375 45 19, 370,125 10 14,310, 750
Vessels__________________________ 26 4, 381,961 34 41,904, 353 8 37, 522,392
Miscellaneous___________________ 392 43, 512,448 653 83, 714,691 261 40, 202, 243
Total, non-Federal projects. 3,693 1,112,966,569 4,032 1,962,030,931 339 849,064, 362
Buildings___________________ 2,355 577.396,002 2,509 780, 253,119 154 202, 857,117
Sewer and water systems_______
Electric power (excluding water
659 255, 249, 747 725 354,854, 735 66 99,604,988
power)________________________ 97 16,922, 781 136 68,983,082 39 52,060, 301
Streets and highways___________ 321 106,194,677 343 246,933, 931 22 140, 739,254
Heavy engineering structures___
Flood control, water power and
97 105,418, 546 124 271, 238,079 27 165,819, 533
reclamation___________________ 19 16, 252, 762 36 158,335,420 17 142,082,658
Aviation_________ ... 5 1,295, 894 6 1, 560,439 1 264, 545
Miscellaneous___________________ 140 34, 236,160 153 79,872,126 13 45,635,966
333
TABLE 16. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—Number of projects
and amount of allotments for Federal PWA projects, by bureau, as of
June 30, 1940
Department and bureau
Number
of
projects
Allotment Department and bureau
Number
of
projects
Allotment
Total, Federal Projects
Agriculture:
Total, Agriculture____
17, 872
1, 277
$1,914,709,731
82, 559, 051
Independent Offices:
Total, Independent
Offices___1_0_,_1_2_2____$_6_59,468, 900
Agricultural Engineering
Chemistry and Soils____
Animal Industry...______
Dairy Industry________ ...
Entomology and Plant
Quarantine____________
Experiment Stations______
Farm Security Administration
(Subsistence
Homesteads)___________
Food and Drug Administration______________
Forest Service____________
Home Economics_________
National Agricultural Research
Center__________
Plant Industry___________
Secretary’s Office_________
Soil Conservation________
Weather Bureau_________
Commerce:
Total, Commerce_____
Civil Aeronautics Administration
______________
Coast and Geodetic Survey—
Navigation and Steamboat
Inspection______________
Secretary’s Office_________
Standards____ ____________
Interior:
Total, Interior________
Bonneville Power Administration__________
Fish and Wildlife Service...
General Land Office______
Geological Survey________
Indian Affairs____________
Mines____________________
National Park Service____
Office of the Chief Clerk...
National Power Policy
Committee_____________
Reclamation______________
Secretary’s Office_________
Territories and Island Possessions:
Alaska Railroad________
Alaska Road Commission________________
Virgin Islands__________
Territory of Alaska_____
Other__________________
121
86
41
111
5
74
5
154
3
63
254
10
253
97
552
121
343
9
57
22
2,798
4
285
34
456
712
19
1,078
1
1
79
4
17
49
17
23
19
496, 238
2,275, 183
287, 962
5, 018, 316
4,948
8,882, 773
68, 491
40, 667, 047
9,799
3, 492, 671
3, 265, 408
236, 783
17, 669, 723
183, 709
23, 403,963
11,803, 325
10, 328, 211
92,039
1, 010, 790
169, 598
240, 674, 792
10, 750,000
3,146,313
1,962, 354
9, 692, 723
35,614, 300
1,441,603
46,193, 024
2,154
22,904
124, 280,074
11, 617
947,008
1, 593, 239
2, 880,386
175, 500
1,961, 593
Architect of the Capitol...
Federal Power Commission—
Federal Security Administration:
Columbia Institute for
the Deaf____________
Freedmen’s Hospital___
Howard University_____
Public Health Service...
St. Elizabeths Hospital..
U. S. Employment Service__________________
Federal Works Agency:
Public Buildings Administration________
Public Roads Administration_____________
U. S. Housing Authority.
National Advisory Committee
for Aeronautics. .
National Park and Planning
Commission_____
National Resources Planning
Board___________
Veterans’ Administration.
Justice:
Total, Justice________
Bureau of Prisons________
Administrative Division...
Office of Attorney General.
Navy:
Total, Navy__________
Aeronautics______________
Engineering______________
Navy vessels_____ _____ _
Ordnance.. _____________
Secretary’s Office_________
Supplies and Accounts__
Yards and Docks_________
Labor:
Total, Labor_________
Immigration______________
Labor Statistics__________
Secretary’s Office_________
Treasury:
Total, Treasury______
Coast Guard_____________
Lighthouses______________
Secretary’s Office_________
1
2
2
11
31
101
17
101
493
9, 254
51
9
1
5
43
69
63
51
675
36
11
57
2
45
16
508
___57
51
4
2
951
570
378
3
2,800,000
1,177, 238
10,000
784,974
3, 502,678
5, 712, 724
1,080, 599
4,155, 336
78, 639,864
406, 462, 964
136, 669, 759
721, 291
5, 500
1, 484, 681
16, 261, 292
14,888, 353
14,864, 348
12, 005
12,000
314,110, 620
7,496, 922
711,741
237, 722,837
327,167
2, 824, 839
205, 241
64, 821, 873
1, 770, 482
1,419, 280
325, 573
25, 629
60, 670, 773
37, 549. 738
9, 328,000
13, 793, 035
334
TABLE 16. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—Number of projects
and amount of allotments for Federal PWA projects, by bureau, as of
June 30, 1940—Continued
Department and bureau
Number
of
projects
Allotment
Post Office, State, and District
of Columbia:
Total, Post Office,
State, and District
of Columbia______ 16 $6, 072, 838
Post Office (departmental) 1 6,198
International Boundary
Commission (Alaska)___ 3 22, 818
International Boundary
Commission (United
States and Mexico)_.. 6 4, 534, 322
District of Columbia
Board of Commissioners________________
6 1, 509. 500
Department and bureau
Number
of
projects
Allotment
War:
Total, War___________ 1,355 $511, 089, 959
Air Corps_________ ... . 2 7, 497, 612
Corps of Engineers:
Flood Control ____ 36 75, 798, 085
Rivers and Harbors _ . . 234 277,903, 506
Seacoast defenses... ___ 3 6, 984,348
National Guard... ._ _. 58 2, 227,156
Ordnance__ ________ 48 8, 768, 448
Panama Canal________ .. 6 999,851
Quartermaster Corps_____ 939 130, 560, 635
Signal Corps_____________ 28 173, 222
Secretary’s Office_________ 1 177, 096
335
TABLE 17. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION.—S ta tem en t of financial con dition as of June 30, 1940
N atio n al Indus-
Emergency F irst P ublic Works A d d itio n a l
Em ergency Ap- . Reli? L Deficiency A dm inistration Loan F u n d Act Grand total p ro p r^ io n Act, Ap/ C^ ^ c T o f f i 0411 « 5
additional loan ’ fu n d 1
ASSETS
Cash: _ „ U npaid balances, loan allo tm en ts____________________ $14,141,356.21 ____________________________________ $8,201,328.99 $5,726,000.00 $28,068, 68o. 20
U npaid balances, g ran t allo tm en ts___________________ 5,741,231.23 $9,054,492.08 $34,427,780.42 151,378,653.36 --------------------------- 200,602,157.09
Unexpended balances, adm in istrativ e expenses_______ 32,163.82 --------------------------- 79,265.45 2,879,188.61 --------------------------- 2,990,617.88
A dm in istrativ e expenses, reserve for fiscal year 1941--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3,585,000.00 --------------------------- 3,585,000.00
P en d in g allotm ents, F ederal projects_________________ 1,396,000.00 ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ----- aa ,J’2™’ 22 Available for allotm ents______________________________ 4,609,220.36 218,422.82 --------------------------- 3,208,715.72 3,826,283.92 11,862,642.82
Bonds h eld ___________________________________________ 64,342,837.51 ____________________________________ 20,216,666.12 2,440,000.00 86,999,503.63
Advances to D istrict of Columbia and Georgia S tate „ . prison____________________________________ . . . . . . . . . 1,083,207.00 ____________________________________ 6,988,722.84 --------------------------- 8,071,929.84
D ue from R . F . C. on sales of bonds: __ „„ „o . ,, D iscount retained on unsold b o n d s_______________ 25,152, 050.82 ------------------------------------------------------- 247, 333. 33 --------------------------- 25, 399,384.15
D iscount retained on bonds so ld _________________ 11,924,448.15 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- W 924,448.15
P ro fit on sales 6,845,411.73 ___ ___- ___- _ ___ _________ —___ ___ __________ __— ------___ --------------- 6,845,411. 7o D ue for accrued in terest p u rch ased___________________ 211,188.79 ------------------------------------------------------- 11,765.55 2,000.00 ________224, 954, 34
T o tal assets________________________________________ 135, 479,115.62 9, 272, 914. 90 34, 507,045.87 196,717,374. 52 ___ 11,994,283. 92 387,970, 734. 83
LIABILITIES
Unexpended balance of allotm ents: o nnn fia A dm in istrativ e expenses_____________________________ 32,163.82 ----------- --------------- 79,265.45 --------------------------- A dm in istrativ e expenses, reserved for fiscal year 1941------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ 3,585,000.00 -------------------------- 3 ,5»o, wu. uu G ran t allotm ents. . . . . . . . . ____________________________ 5,741,231.23 9,054,492.08 34,427,780.42 151,378,653.36 --------------------------- 200,602,157.09
F ederal allotm ents, p en d in g__________________________ 1,396,000.00 ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- 1,396,000.00
T o tal liabilities____ ____ ____________________________ 7,169, 395. 05 9,054, 492.08 34, 507,045.87 157,842,841. 97 --------------------------- 208, 573, 774, 97
336
337
NET ASSETS I
Cash, u n p aid balances, loan allo tm en ts________ 14 141 ira 21 Bonds, held, cost__________________ 64 342 837 51 ------------------------------------------------------- 8,201,328.99 5,726,000.00 28,068,685.20
Advances to D istrict of C olum bia an d G e o rg ia 'S ta te ' ’ ’ ------------------------------------------------------- 20,216,666.12 2,440,000.00 86,999,503.63
D u ™ o r a c c ^ 211’ 188 79 ------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------- 8,071,929.84
D ue from R. F . C. on sales of bonds: ’ 79 ------------------------------------------------------- u »765-65 2> °°°-00 224,954.34
D iscount retained on unsold b o n d s___________ _ 25 152 050 82 000 00 D iscount retained on bonds s o ld ._ _ 11’924’448 15 247,333.33 --------------------------- 25,399,384.15
P ro fit on sales_________________ 6’845’411’71 11,924,448.15
U nallotted fu n d s_______________ 4 600 220 36 ----------ow ’Ioo’so-------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ 6,845,411.73 ----------------------------------------------- 4,600,220, 3 6 ________218,422,82 --------------------------- 3,208,715.72 3,826,283.92 11,862,642.82
T o tal n et assets 128,309,720.57 218,422.82 --------------------------- 38,874,532.55 11,994,283.92 179,396,959.86
1 48 S tat. 195, 274, and 1021.
2 49 S tat. 115.
3 49 S tat. 1597 and 50 S tat. 352.
4 52 S tat. 809.
‘ 52 S tat. 809.
TABLE 18. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION— Transactions in securities
purchased by PWA and the profit realized, as of June 30, 1940
1. Par value sales by PWA direct to the public.-----“-------r—---------
2 Par value sales by PWA to RFC, of which $525,378,730.62 has been sold
by RFC to the public or matured-----------------------------------------------
3.
Par value retirements----------.---------------------------—------------------------------ --
4. Par value securities canceled in payment of grant-.—----------------------------
5. Par value securities transferred to U. S. Housing Authority------------------
6. Par value securities presently held--------------------------------------------------------
7 Total par value of securities purchased---------------------------------------------------
8. Profits on sales by PWA direct to tl^pubhc. -----------------------
9 Profit on sales made to and through RFC (including $7,260,801 held by
RFC, which does not reflect a deduction of $461,841.64 covering bond
service expense and $5,517,840.66 covering advances for care and presetvation
of securities)------------------- ------------------------------------------------- 113> 206>569’88
10. Total gross profit realized by PWA and RFC --------
11. Outstanding discount (33^ percent of par value) on sales to RFC, Oct. 5, 1937, and
supplemental agreements, of which the RFC has collected and is holding for account
Of PWA, $12,455.295.29-- ------------------- -------------
12. Interest collections, actual receipts:
Restored to appropriations--------
Canceled...------------------------------------ - ------
Held in suspense_______________________
Refunded to borrower--------------------- -—
Transferred to IT. S. Housing Authority
Forwarded to U. S. Treasury---------------
$1, 543, 361.64
661, 007, 248.90
7,982,991.76
10, 957,904.16
10,142,402. 37
97, 379, 894. 37
______________ $789,013,803.20
13, 779.98
13, 220, 349.86
37,485,897. 78
$5, 028, 542. 06
368,474.53
8, 670. 79
364, 607.93
203, 009. 77
20, 077, 319.99
13. Total returned to ILS .Treasury excluding funds restored to appropria-
Principal collections-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 077 319 99
Interest collections_________________________________________________ 20,077,310.»J
26, 050, 625.07
Total. 28, 676, 809. 03
1 Deferred credits held by RFC------------------------------- --------------------------
Transferred to PWA from RFC deferred credit account-------------------------
Net profits directly realized by PWA on sales by RFC.-------------------------
$7, 260, 801.00
5,650,000.00
295,768. 88
13, 206, 569. 88
338
Selected List of Publications of the
Public Works Administration
Organizations, Functions and Procedure. 1934, 26 pp. Summary of the
establishment and method of procedure and organization, outlining functions.
Accomplishments of the Public Works Administration. 1936, 45 pp.
Extract from hearings before the Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations
of the U. S. Senate on H. R. 12624, a bill making appropriations for
deficiencies for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1936.
PWA in Pictures. 1936, 28 pp. A photographic record of the building activities
in which is shown typical projects.
America’s First Public Works Program. 1936, 9 pp. A resume of achievements
in overcoming the effects of the depression.
The First Three Years. 1936, 44 pp. The story of the first 3 years told in
text and photographs.
The Three Year Record. 1936, 8 pp. Report of the Administrator covering
the period between June 16, 1933, and June 15, 1936.
A Four-Year Record of Construction of Permanent and Useful Public
Works. 1937, 32 pp. Pictorial and text account covering 4 years during
which four-fifths of all public construction in the United States was made
possible by the PWA.
The Four-Year Record of PWA. 1937, 5 pp. Statement made by the
Administrator covering the period.
PWA Provides Modern Hospitals. 1937, 48 pp. A comprehensive record of
hospital and medical-center construction.
Aids to Education. 1937, 43 pp. Description of education building program,
text, maps, graphs, and tables.
PWA and Industry. 1938, 28 pp. (Compiled by the U. S. Department of
Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.) A 4-year study of regenerative employment.
The PWA Program Is on Schedule. 1939, 7 pp. A report to President
Roosevelt from the Administrator showing progress during the first 6 months
of the 1938 program.
The Story of PWA-—Building for Recovery. 1939, 16 pp. How the United
States, city, county, and State governments operated in partnership in the
greatest construction program ever undertaken.
America Builds. 1939, 298 pp. A comprehensive survey of the Public Works
Administration activities in all construction fields since its inception.
Public Buildings. Architecture Under the Public Works Administration.
1939, 697 pp. Detailed study from an architectural viewpoint covering 6
years of building activities. (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents,
Washington, D. C., price $2.50.)
A Billion in Wages. 1939, 4 pp. A report of the Administrator to President
Roosevelt showing how wages earned on PWA projects were spent.
Seven Years of Building. 1940. Map and brief text covering the building
activities up to the end of the fiscal year 1939.
339
United States
______________________ Housing ______________________
________ I_______ ________________________ Administrator________________________________ |________
Chief_____________________________________________________________ Deputy Adminv
. istrator & Economist General Counsel
EDERAL WORKS AGENCY T( r I I First Assistant” ! I Labor I I ~ ' I
Information Administrator Relations LeSal
UNITED STATES -------------- I— - --I -------------- --------------
HOUSING AUTHORITY ------- 1 = ^ -------1-------
Budget & Project ORGANIZATION CHART | Planning | | Coordination |
Assistant Assistant
A o 1 1 Qzll A S OI J a n u a r y 1, foAr dDmeivneilsotrpamtoern t Administrator | for Management
I------ -— ------- 1
Defense Rural
r Housing Housing 1 . i i i_____ _______ i ...: z d z _ — y — i
Project rr , • 1 T J Operations & Tenant Racial
Planning Construction Technical Land Maintenance Relations Relations
i r i .1____
Finance Research Executive
& Accounts & Statistics Officer
____ I ।_____
Fers^nel s° ^ C®e
I ,, I ,, I ,, I ii I ii I i r— —------
Region I Region II Region III Region IV Region V Region VI Region VII
Office: Washington Office: Washington Office: Washington Office: Washington Office: Washington Office: Fort Worth Office: San Francisco
340
Appendix E
UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY
States and Localities Having Housing Authorities, as
of June 30, 1940
Alabama (14)________
Arizona_____________
Arkansas (33)________
California (9)________
Colorado (2)_________
Connecticut (9)______
Delaware___________
District of Columbia__
Florida (14)_________
Georgia (112)________
Andalusia, Anniston, Birmingham, Colbert County,
Dothan, Fairfield, Florence, Gadsden, Mobile, Montgomery,
Phenix City, Red Level, Selma, Tarrant.
Phoenix.
Ashley County, Benton County, Bradley County,Chicot
County, Clark County, Cleveland County, Conway,
Conway County, Crittenden County, Cross County,
Drew County, Fayetteville, Fort Smith, Independence
County, Izard County, Jefferson County, Johnson
County, Lafayette County, Lawrence County,
Logan County, Lonoke County, Madison County,
Mississippi County, Monroe County, Nevada County,
North Little Rock, Pine Bluff, Pope County, Randolph
County, Scott County, Sharp County, Washington
County, White County.
El Centro, Fresno, Kern County, Los Angeles City,
Los Angeles County, Oakland, Sacramento, San
Francisco City and County, Santa Monica.
Denver, Pueblo.
Bridgeport, Enfield, Hartford, Middletown, New Britain,
New Haven, Norwalk, Stamford, Waterbury.
Wilmington.
Washington (The Alley Dwelling Authority).
Daytona Beach, Fort Lauderdale, Jacksonville, Key
West, Lakeland, Miami, Miami Beach, Orlando,
Pensacola, St. Augustine, St. Petersburg, Sarasota,
Tampa, West Palm Beach.
Appling County, Athens, Atkinson County, Atlanta,
Augusta, Bacon County, Baker County, Banks
County, Barrow County, Bartow County, Ben Hill
County, Berrien County, Bleckley County, Brantley
County, Brooks County, Brunswick, Butts County,
Calhoun County, Candler County, Catoosa County,
Charlton County, Chattahoochee County, Clarke
County, Clinch County, Coffee County, Colquitt
County, Columbia County, Columbus, Cook County,
341
Georgia—Continued_____Crawford County, Crisp County, Decatur, Decatur
County, Dodge County, Dooly County, Dougherty
County, Douglas County, Echols County, Elbert
County, Fannin County, Fayette County, Franklin
County, Grady County, Greene County, Gwinnett
County, Habersham County, Hancock County,
Harris County, Hart County, Heard County, Houston
County, Irwin County, Jasper County, Jefferson
County, Jeff Davis County, Jenkins County, Johnson
County, Jones County, Laurens County, Lee County,
Liberty County, Lincoln County, Lowndes County,
Lumpkin County, Macon, Marietta, Marion County,
McDuffie County, Meriwether County, Milledgeville,
Mitchell County, Monroe County, Montgomery
County, Morgan County, Murray County, Muscogee
County, Newton County, Oconee County, Oglethorpe
County, Pulaski County, Rockdale County, Rome,
Savannah, Schley County, Screven County, Spalding
County, Stephens County, Stewart County, Sumter
County, Tattnall County, Taylor County, Telfair
County, Terrell County, Thomas County, Thomasville,
Toombs County, Treutlen County, Troup
County, Turner County, Twiggs County, Union
County, Upson County, Walton County, Ware
County, Warren County, Washington County, Webster
County, Wheeler County, Wilcox County, Wilkes
County, Wilkinson County, Worth County.
Hawaii________-------- Hawaii.
Idaho (4)___________ Buhl, Kimberly, Nampa, Twin Falls.
Illinois (20)_________ Alexander County, Champaign County, Chicago, Coles
County, Danville, Decatur, Galesburg, Gallatin
County, Granite City, Henry County, La Salle
County, Madison County, Montgomery County,
Peoria, Quincy, Rock Island, Rock Island County,
St. Clair County, Springfield, Tazewell County.
Indiana (23)_________ Anderson, Bluffton, Brazil, Decatur, Delaware County,
Dunkirk, East Chicago, Fort Wayne, Gary, Greenfield,
Hammond, Huntington, Jeffersonville, Kokomo,
Lawrenceburg, Marion, Muncie, New Albany, New
Castle, Richmond, Terre Haute, Vigo County, Vincennes.
Kentucky (12)_______ Covington, Dayton, Frankfort, Lexington, Louisville,
Madisonville, Newport, Owensboro, Paducah, Richmond,
Shelbyville, Somerset.
Louisiana (5)________ Baton Rouge, Lake Charles, Monroe, New Orleans,
Shreveport.
Maryland (5)________ Annapolis, Baltimore, Frederick, Montgomery County,
Salisbury.
Massachusetts (11)___ Boston, Cambridge, Chicopee, Fall River, Hinsdale,
Holyoke, Lawrence, Lowell, New Bedford, Somerville,
Worcester.
342
Michigan (5)________
Mississippi (39)______
Missouri____________
Montana (5)________
Nebraska___________
New Jersey (25)______
New Mexico (4)______
New York (11)______
North Carolina (7)___
Ohio (15)___________
Oregon_____________
Pennsylvania (19)____
Puerto Rico (5)______
Rhode Island (5)_____
South Carolina (7)____
Tennessee (7)________
Texas (22)__________
Dearborn, Detroit, Flint, Hamtramck, Lincoln Park.
Alcorn County, Amite County, Biloxi, Claiborne County,
Coahoma County, Copiah County, Covington County,
Forrest County, Franklin County, Greenwood, Hattiesburg,
Hinds County, Jefferson County, Jones
County, Kemper County, Lauderdale County, Laurel,
Lamar County, Lee County, Lincoln County, McComb,
Madison County, Meridian, Montgomery
County, Neshoba County, Newton County, Oktibbeha
County, Oxford, Panola County, Perry County,
Pontotoc County, Prentiss County, Scott County,
Simpson County, Smith County, Tishomingo County,
Tupelo, Union County, Yalobusha County.
St. Louis.
Anaconda, Billings, Butte, Great Falls, Helena.
Omaha.
Asbury Park, Atlantic City, Bayonne, Beverly, Bridgeton,
Burlington, Camden, Clementon, Elizabeth,
Hackensack, Harrison, Jersey City, Kenilworth, Long
Branch, Montclair, Morristown, Newark, New
Brunswick, North Bergen, Ocean City, Orange,
Passaic County, Perth Amboy, Princeton, Trenton.
Albuquerque, Clovis, Gallup, Roswell.
Buffalo, Lackawanna, New York City, Peekskill, Port
Jervis, Schenectady, Syracuse, Tarrytown, Tuckahoe,
Utica, Yonkers.
Asheville, Charlotte, High Point, Kinston, New Bern,
Raleigh, Wilmington.
Akron, Canton, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus,
Dayton, Hamilton, Lorain, Mansfield, Portsmouth,
Steubenville, Toledo, Warren, Youngstown, Zanesville.
Clackamas County.
Allegheny County, Allentown, Beaver County, Bethlehem,
Chester, Crawford County, Delaware County,
Erie, Fayette County, Harrisburg, McKean County,
McKeesport, Mifflin County, Montgomery County,
Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Reading, Schuylkill County,
Scranton.
Arecibo, Mayaguez, Ponce, Puerto Rico, San Juan.
Central Falls, Newport, Pawtucket, Providence, Woonsocket.
Aiken, Charleston, Columbia, Darlington County,
Greenville, Laurens County, Spartanburg.
Chattanooga, Jackson, Johnson City, Kingsport, Knoxville,
Memphis, Nashville.
Alice, Austin, Big Spring, Brownsville, Corpus Christi,
Dallas, Del Rio, Eagle Pass, El Paso, Fort Worth,
Galveston, Harlingen, Houston, Laredo, Lubbock,
McAllen, Marshall, Pelly, San Antonio, Texarkana,
Waco, Waxahachie.
343
Vermont____________ Burlington.
Virginia (8)_________ Alexandria, Bristol, Hopewell, Martinsville, Newport
News, Portsmouth, South Boston, Warren County.
Washington (4)______ Elma, Everett, King County, Seattle.
West Virginia (9)_____Charleston, Fairmont, Huntington, Martinsburg, Morgantown,
Mount Hope, Parkersburg, Wheeling,
Williamson.
Wisconsin (2)________Madison, Superior.
Total number of local housing authorities as of June 30, 1940—480.
344
TABLE 1. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—A verage number'
of persons employed at the construction sites 2 of USHA-aided projects,
United States and Territories, by month, November 1937-June 1940
Year and month
1937
November____________
December__________ _.
1938
January______________
February_____________
March________________
April_________________
May__________________
June_______________
July__________________
August_______________
September____________
October______________
November____________
December____________
1939
January______________
February_____________
Total
Transferred
PWA
Housing
Division
projects
USHAaided
projects
9, 692 9, 692
6,443 6,443
4, 385 4,385
3,918 3, 918
4, 183 4,183
4,298 4, 298
4, 273 4,273
2,515 2,448 67
2,584 2, 458 126
2, 398 2, 059 339
2,100 1,441 659
1,503 410 1,093
1,765 1, 765
2,233 2’233
2,633 2, 633
3, 466 ____3_j_ 4_6_6_
Year and month
1939—Continued
March________________
April_________________
May__________________
June__________________
July__________________
August_______________
September____________
October____._________
November____________
December__ __________
1940
January_______________
February_____________
March________________
April_________________
May__________________
June__________________
Total
Transferred
PWA
Housing
Division
projects
USHAaided
projects
4, 923 4,923
6,508 6,508
8, 340 8, 340
11,556 11, 556
15, 111 15i 111
18,158 18,158
21, 905 21^ 905
25i 927 25, 927
28, 713 28, 713
30, 507 30, 507
25, 282 25,282
27, 273 27; 273
33,426 33,426
39. 604 39, 604
44, 297 44. 297
47, 293 47, 293
1 Average number of persons employed is computed as the mean of the weekly pay-roll counts made
during the calendar month.
2 Including demolition of slum buildings on project sites.
TABLE 2. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY. — Hours worked,
earnings of workers, and average hourly earnings on USHA-aided
construction projects, by State, for fiscal year ending June 30,1940
State or Territory Hours
worked Earnings
Average
hourly
earnings
Total_____4_5,962, 945 $44,477, 352 $0. 97
Alabama. . 1, 574, 368 1 278 528 81
California _____ 939,135 979 175 1 04
Colorado... ... _ 12,191 10, 734 88
Connecticut_____ 396’ 628 446,105 1 12
Dis. of Columbia.. 299, 719 372,686 1.24
Florida_____ ___ 2,864,418 2, 238, 445 78
Georgia.. ... 3, 974,070 2. 659, 892 67
Illinois___ _____ 1' 403', 394 1 828 526 1 30
Indiana___ ... .. ' 363' 454 348, 316 96
Kentucky_______ 1,881,492 1, 760, 820 94
Louisiana______ . 2, 373,425 2,059 285 87
Maryland___ ' 723i 365 673, 765 .93
Massachusetts___ 1, 706, 455 1, 939, 612 1.14
Michigan. _____ 278, 780 315 817 1 13
Mississippi______ 472, 577 283, 873 .60
State or Territory Hours
worked Earnings
Average
hourly
earnings
Montana________ 56, 769 $66, 658 $1.17
Nebraska________ 735,340 656,874 .89
New Jersey. __ 2,274,965 3, 043,092 1.34
New York___ . 5,979,189 8,009, 657 1.34
North Carolina... 1,329, 618 910,679 .68
Ohio__________ 3,120, 757 3, 515,425 1.13
Pennsylvania___ 3,935, 216 4,450, 512 1.13
South Carolina.. _ 822, 703 531,315 .65
Tennessee_______ 3, 608,075 2, 770,932 .77
Texas____________ 2, 448, 302 1,802,110 .74
Virginia_________ 68, 570 35,201 .51
West Virginia____ 1.190, 034 1,061, 656 .89
Hawaii_________ 309, 284 204,814 .66
Puerto Rico__ i_. 820,652 222,848 .27
345
1939
TABLE 3. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Average number 1
of persons employed at the construction sites 2 of USHA-aided projects,
by month and by State, for fiscal year ending June 30, 1940
State or Territory
July August September
October November
December
Total______________________________ 15, 111 18,158 21,905 25,927 28,713 30, 507
Alabama ___ __ __ _ __ 209 185 171 431 859 1,090
California _ __ - - 32 108 234 404 471 423
District of Columbia _ _______ _____ 6 8 8 30 96 129
Florida - __ -- _____ _______- 1,204 1,413 1,393 1,699 2,017 2, 233
Georgia - - -- - ____ ____ 681 760 1,185 1,529 1,947 2,390
Illinois _ ____ - ______________ - 24 95 112 90 407 789
Indiana - -___ _____ __ 50 70 117 207 260 319
Kentucky - -- - ____ _________ 805 965 1,088 1,232 1,275 1,177
Tyouisiana _ -- - - - 298 545 794 1,078 1,413 1,610
Maryland _ - ____ - -____ 130 75 112 227 322 380
Massachusetts _________ ____ ____- -- 22 133 245 496 658 997
Michigan __ ____ 239 257 173 203 145 104
-
Nebraska ___ _ _ ___ _ 364 552 645 720 819 619
New .Jersey -_____ - - - 367 611 924 1,484 1,827 1,913
New York _ __ _ _ 6,181 6,163 6,004 5,678 4,721 4,059
North Carolina _ __ 11 26 83 271 684 901
Ohio - -___ __ ______ ____- 1,905 2, 350 3,015 3,038 2,630 2,145
Pennsylvania - __ ___ _____ 868 1,129 1,531 2,191 2,652 3,284
South Carolina _ _ _ _____ 253 232 228 195 176 305
Tennessee __ __ -- _________ ________ 715 1,438 2,138 2,610 2,856 2,790
Texas. -. .__ ._______ - — 535 681 1,010 1,246 1,360 1,483
West Virginia ... 212 293 477 628 905 1,093
Hawaii -____ _______ 69 218 240 213 250
24
For footnote, see USHA table 1.
346
TABLE 3. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Average number
of persons employed at the construction sites of USHA projects, by
month and by State, for fiscal year ending June 30,1940—Continued
State or Territory
1940
January February
March April May June
Total______________________________ 25,282 27,273 33,426 39,604 44,297 47,293
Alabama______________ _____ 1,048 983 1,536 1,710 1,943 1,933
California__________ _____________________
Colorado___________T_______ ......
403 521 720 1,046 1,296 1)574
121
Connecticut___________ 40 191 228 565 932 1,351
District of Columbia_____________________ 91 62 252 490 674 '708
Florida__________________________________ 2,268 2,259 2,061 1,911 1,653 1,456
Georgia_______________________________ 2,342 2,941 3,691 4,317 4,694 4,528
Illinois_____________________ 772 821 1,302 1,825 2,147 2,316
Indiana_____________________________ 157 146 205 291 444 631
Kentucky_______________________________ 518 782 1,209 1,450 1, 715 2,024
Louisiana______________________ 1,565 1,627 1,829 2,071 2,086 2,294
Maryland_________ ________ 323 401 618 784 1,090 1,283
Massachusetts____________ 1,026 1,110 1,346 2,414 2, 968 3,299
Michigan____________ . . 35 7 118 196 269 422
Mississippi____________________ _________
Montana. ___ __ _ ._
78 176 531 797
25
1,023
157
164
1,312
320
Nebraska_____________ .... 359 258 189 89 340
New Jersey_____________________________ 1,216 1,280 1,524 2,066 2,348 2,799
New York_________________ 2,996 2,411 2,366 2,360 2,443 2,414
North Carolina__________________________ 905 1,048 1, 316 1,410 1,597 1,736
Ohio___________________________ 1,239 1,059 1,061 1,108 1,478 1,679
Pennsylvania________ 2, 750 2,596 2,879 3, 278 3,819 3, 751
South Carolina__________________ 360 564 868 998 1,011 880
Tennessee_______________________ 1,955 2,121 2, 716 3,063 3,098 2,859
Texas____________________________________
Virginia____ ...
1,366 1,978 2, 447
6
2, 537
144
2,549
232
2,655
300
West Virginia____________ 980 1,140 1,243 1,246 1,139 931
Hawaii____________________ 312 305 240 192 133 118
Puerto Rico_____________________________ 178 486 925 1, 221 1,195 1, 259
For footnote, see USHA table 1.
274771—41----23
347
TABLE 4. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Loan and annual
contribution contracts and earmarkings outstanding for USHA-aided
projects as of June 30, 1940
State and locality
Projects under contract
Loan earmarkings
outstanding
Total loan
contract
amounts,
plus loan
earmarkings
Number
of
projects
Maximum
annual contributions
based
on estimated
development
cost1
Loan contract
amounts based
on 90 percent
of estimated
development
cost
Total_________________ 413 $25,195, 574 $638,213,000 $50,811,517 $688,724,517
Alabama_________________ 11 621,123 15,569, 000 900, 000 16,469, 000
Anniston______ _ _ . 1 22, 950 550, 000 550, 000
Birmingham _______ 3 393,807 9, 705, 000 9, 705, 000
Dothan___ 900, 000 900. 000
Mobile . ______ 2 64,190 1, 649,000 1, 649, 000
Montgomery_____ _ . _ 3 81, 901 2, 267, 000 2, 267, 000
Phenix City____________ 2 58, 275 1,398, 000— 1,398, 000
Arizona: Phoenix__________ 3 67, 276 1, 613, 000 1, 613, 000
Arkansas________________ 2 39,325 1, 088, 000 630,000 1, 718, 000
Fort Smith . 630, 000 630, 000
Lonoke County _____ 1 20,410 565, 000 565; 000
North Little Rock______ 1 18,915 523, 000— 523, 000
California____________ ... 18 1,052,564 ■ 27, 692, 000 13,146, 000 40, 838, 000
Fresno.. ... 738, 000 738, 000
Los Angeles City. .. .. 5 344, 706 9,159, 000 7, 84b 000 17, 000, 000
Los Angeles County.. .. 3 205, 271 5, 682, 000 5,682,000
Oakland_____ 3 130,863 3,423; 000 370, 000 3, 793; 000
Sacramento 1, 125, 000 1,125, 000
San Francisco__________ 7 371,724 9,428, 000 3,072,000 12,500,000
Colorado: Denver________ 3 130,576 3,132,000 — 3,132, 000
Connecticut______________ 10 699, 233 17, 618,000 4,309,000 21, 927,000
Bridgeport.. . _____ _ 2 321, 295 8, 015, 000 8,015.000
Enfield ___ 468, 000 468.000
Hartford.- _______ 2 61,238 1,469, 000 3, 031,000 4,500,000
Middletown- 810, 000 810, 000
New Britain__________ 1 50, 668 1,403, 000 1, 403, 000
New Haven.-_ 3 203,439 5,088, 000 5,088,000
Norwalk . _______ 1 24,113 578, 000 ' 578, 000
Stamford__ ____________ 1 38,480 1, 065, 000 1, 065, 000
District of Columbia:
Washington______________ 9 532, 264 13,572, 000 286,000 13,858, 000
Florida__________________ 22 753,078 18,431, 000 1, 069,000 19,500,000
Daytona Beach 1 19, 088 458, 000 194, 000 652, 000
Fort Lauderdale________ 1 18, 300 439, 000 400; 000 839; 000
Jacksonville 3 188, 851 4,532, 000 4, 532, 000
Key West.___ . ... 2 23,530 650,000 650. 000
Lakeland______ . _ 475, 000 475,000
Miami . ___ . ___ 3 136, 764 3, 281. 000 3.281,000
Orlando. ____________ . 1 21,315 548, 000 548, 000
Pensacola__ ______ . 3 64, 293 1,698,000 1.698,000
St. Petersburg. . . _ . 2 62, 948 1,596,000 1,596. 000
Sarasota_______ ___ _ 1 7, 650 183, 000 183,000
Tampa. _ _____ _______ 3 163, 201 3,916, 000 3, 916,000
West Palm Beach______ 2 47,138 1,130, 000— 1,130. 000
Georgia__________________ 28 1,179, 736 29,948,000 1, 342, 000 31.290,000
Athens.. __ ______ 3 37, 735 947, 000 947. 000
Atlanta____ 6 593,143 15, 011, 000 15, 011, 000
Augusta.______ __ - 3 85i 118 2, 356; 000 2. 356,000
Brunswick____________ 2 40, 088 961. 000 961,000
Columbus_____________ 3 108; 040 2, 688; 000 442,000 3.130,00
For footnote, see p. 352.
348
TABLE 4. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Loan and annual
contribution contracts and earmarkings outstanding for USHA-aided
projects as of June 30, 1940—Continued
State and locality
Projects under contract
Loan earmarkings
outstanding
Total loan
contract
amounts,
plus loan -
earmarkings
Number
of
projects
Maximum
annual contributions
based
on estimated
development
cost1
Loan contract
amounts based
on 90 percent
of estimated
development
cost
Ge or gia—C on tinned.
Decatur_______ _ ____ 1 $24,440 $676, 000 $676, 000
Macon __________ ... 2 68,438 1.642.000 $900,000 2, 542; 000
Marietta___ . _____ 2 24,961 690, 000 ' 690; 000
Rome__ . 2 34,575 829, 000 829,000
Savannah__ ... __ _ 3 150,295 3, 791,000 3, 791,000
Thomas County________ 1 12,903 357, 000— ' 357; 000
Hawaii: Honolulu_________ 3 134,625 3,366, 000 3,366.000
Idaho: Twin Falls_______ 342, 000 342, 000
Illinois___________________ 13 1,146,172 28,732,000 738,761 29,470, 761
Alexander County — . 3 74,101 2,051,000 2,051,000
Chicago______ ... . ... 2 658,968 16,393, 000 738,761 17; 131', 761
Danville ... ._ _____ 2 32, 565 901,000 901; 000
Granite City _____ 1 28,650 687,000 687,000
Peoria ______ 2 176,175 4, 227,000 4,227,000
St. Clair County. __ 2 69, 550 1', 926; 000 1.926,000
Springfield_____________ 1 106,163 2,547,000— 2,547; 000
Indiana__________________ 11 320,127 7,933,000 293,000 8, 226, 000
Delaware County. 1 16,625 427,000 427, 000
Fort Wayne._____ 1 11,115 307,000 293, bob 600, 000
Gary__ ______ 3 117,788 2,825,000 2,825. 000
Hammond _ _______ 1 61, 276 1,470,000 1,470,000
Kokomo.. .. _ 1 24,675 634, 000 ’ 634,000
Muncie . ___ 1 44,380 1,141,000 1,141, 000
New Albany _____ 1 19, 238 461.000 461,000
Vigo County . ______ 1 12,675 351, 000 351, 000
Vincennes ______ 1 12, 355 317,000 317,000
Kentucky________________ 12 683,681 17, 526,000 753,000 18,279,000
Covington 2 75,775 1,947,000 753,000 2,700,000
Frankfort 2 17, 510 457, 000 457. 000
Lexington. ... 2 47,175 1,191,000 1,191,000
Louisville 4 505,458 13,025,000 13,025, 000
Paducah.. ____ 2 37,763 906,000 906,000
Louisiana....__________ _ 6 984,400 25,311,000 1,600.000 26.911,000
Baton Rouge___ 450, 000 450,000
Lake Charles. 250,000 250,000
New Orleans ______ 6 984,400 25,311,000 25,311, 000
Shreveport 900, 000 900,000
Maryland_______________ 11 889, 779 22,869, 000 2,209,000 25,078,000
Annapolis. ... .. . 2 31,328 829,000 829, 000
Baltimore _ ___________ 7 839, 700 21,591,000 1,409, 000 23, 000,000
Frederick. ... ... 2 18, 751 449,000 449,000
Montgomery County___ 800, 000 800,000
Massachusetts___________ 17 1, 578, 517 39,492,000 1,077,000 40,569, 000
Boston ______ .. 9 1,138,395 28,445,000 28,445,000
Cambridge . ________ 1 65, 553 1, 815,000 1, 815,000
Fall River . . .. 2 97,575 2, 341,000 2. 341,000
Hinsdale 105,000 105,000
Holyoke 1 32, 235 828,000 972, 000 1.800.000
Lawrence . . __ ____ 1 51, 708 1,431. 000 1, 431,000
Lowell 1 109,163 2,619, 000 2. 619, 000
New Bedford___________ 2 83,888 2,013, 000— 2.013,000
For footnote, see p. 352.
349
TABLE 4. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Loan and annual
contribution contracts and earmarkings outstanding for USHA-aided
projects as of June 30, 1940—Continued
State and locality
Projects under contract
Loan earmarkings
outstanding
Total loan
contract
amounts,
plus loan
earmarkings
Number
of
projects
Maximum
annual contributions
based
on estimated
development
cost1
Loan contract
amounts based
on 90 percent
of estimated
development
cost
Michigan_________________ 9 $1,148,435 $30,349,000 $914,000 $31,263,000
Detroit ______________ 8 1,102,805 29,086,000 914,000 30,000,000
Hamtramck____________ 1 45,030 1)263,000 1,263,000
Mississippi_______________ 14 202,896 4,940,000 4, 940,000
Biloxi__________________ 3 40,539 972,000 972,000
Hattiesburg___________ 2 31,013 744,000 744,000
Laurel. __ __________ 2 36) 188 868) 000 868)000
Lee County ___________ 1 20,605 570,000 570,000
McComb City________ 2 23,288 558)000 558,000
Meridian______________ 4 51,263 1,228,000 1, 228,000
Missouri: St. Louis________ 2 291,038 6,984,000— 6,984,000
Montana______ _______ _ 5 109,322 2,673,000 480,000 3,153,000
Anaconda______________ 1 13.845 383,000 480,000 863,000
Billings ____ ________ I 16, 763 402,000 402,000
Butte . _______ __ 1 40,088 962) 000 962,000
Great Falls_________ 1 26,363 632) 000 632,000
Helena _____________ 1 12,263 294)000 294,000
Nebraska: Omaha________ 2 143,063 3,433,000 3,433,000
New Jersey _____________ 23 1,395,425 35,026,000 35,026,000
Asbury Park___________ 1 26, 250 675,000 675,000
Atlantic City__________ 1 77,325 1,855,000 1,855,000
Beverly________________ 1 13) 125 315,000 ' 315) 000
Camden________________ 2 104)295 2, 690,000 2, 690,000
Elizabeth_____________ . 2 165,015 4,094) 000 4,094,000
Harrison_______________ 1 41,400 993,000 993,000
Jersey City_____ ______.. 4 299,026 7,586,000 7,586,000
Long'Branch_________ 1 22,763 '546)000 ' 546,000
Newark________________ 6 470,458 11,835,000 11,835,000
North Bergen_________ 1 33) 565 863,000 863,000
Perth Amboy__________ 1 47, 738 1,145,000 1,145,000
Trenton________________ 2 94,465 2,429,000 2,429,000
New Mexico: Albuquerque. — 600,000 600,000
New York_______________ 13 2. 568,911 65, 570,000 6,257, 522 71,827,522
Buffalo____ ... _ ... 3 327,658 8,424,000 8,424,000
New York City. ____ _ 1,937,673 49) 340) 000 5,807,522 55,147) 522
Peekskill___ ____________ ' 450,000 450,000
Syracuse___ _________ . 1 152, 835 3,930,000 3, 930,000
Utica___________________ 1 35,000 900,000 900,000
Yonkers_______________ 1 115,745 2,976,000 2,976,000
North Carolina_________ 11 327,049 8,227,000 1,500,000 9, 727,000
Charlotte_______ _______ 3 96,863 2,323,000 2,323,000
High Point____________ 1, 500,000 1, 500,000
Kinston._________ ... 2 35,133 972,000 ’ 972) 000
New Bern_______ . 2 52,000 1,439,000 1, 439,000
Raleigh_________________ 2 73,238 1,756) 000 1, 756,000
Wilmington____________ 2 69,815 1,737,000— 1,737,000
Ohio_________ ____________ 33 2, 264,351 58,103,000 1, 258,000 59,361,000
Akron__________________ 4 132, 303 3, 486,000 3, 486, 000
Cincinnati______________ 4 525) 495 13,800, 000 13, 800,000
Cleveland______________ 7 731, 503 19)000)000 19,000,000
For footnote, see p. 352.
350
TABLE 4. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Loan and annual
contribution contracts and earmarkings outstanding for USHA-aided
projects as of June 30, 1940—Continued
Projects under contract
State and locality Number
of
projects
Maximum
annual contributions
based
on estimated
development
cost1
Loan contract
amounts based
on 90 percent
of estimated
development
cost
Loan earmarkings
outstanding
Total loan
contract
amounts,
plus loan
earmarkings
Ohio—Continued.
Columbus __ _______ 4 $219,883
170,680
41, 625
176, 512
38,535
175, 350
52,465
$5,402,000
4,247,000
999,000
4, 433,000
990,000
4,397,000
1,349,000
$5,402,000
4,910,000
999,000
5,028,000
990,000
4,397,000
1.349,000
Dayton __ _______ 4 $663,000
Portsmouth__________ . 1
Toledo_________________ 5 595,000
Warren .__ __________ 1
Youngstown . _______ 2
Zanesville______________ 1
Oregon: Clackamas
County___________________ 720,000 720,000
Pennsylvania_________ .. 22 2,495,954 62,918,000 1,919, 234 64,837,234
Allegheny County .. 5 131,711
56,245
3,441,000
1,446,000
3,425,000
3,441,000
1,446,000
3,425,000
560,000
Allentown__________ ... 1
Chester__________ ______ 2 129( 140
Erie________ ____________ 560,000
Harrisburg ___ 2 76,838
40,838
1,843,000
980,000
1, 843,000
980, 000
600,000
McKeesport . 1
Montgomery County___ 600,000
Philadelphia 6 1, 305, 327
646,485
70,175
39,195
32,271,000
16, 623,000
32,271,000
17,382,234
1,804,000
1,085,000
Pittsburgh_____________ 3 759,234
Reading ... _ 1 1( 804,000
Scranton. 1 1,085, 000
Puerto Rico_____________ 20 313,061 8,107,000 3,893,000 12,000,000
Mayaguez______________ ] 32,888
69,976
115, 044
95.153
789,000
1, 677,000
3,128,000
2. 513.000
211, 000 1,000, 000
1,677,000
6, 323,000
3. 000. 000
Ponce. 5
10
Puerto Rico Housing
Authority__ .. 3,195,000
San Juan .____ _ 4 487,000
Rhode Island 3 194,676 5,390, 000 5,390,000
Pawtucket 1 34, 743
159,933
962, 000
4,428,000
962,000
Providence 2 4,428, 000
South Carolina _ 10 243,327 6,198,000 6,198,000
Charleston_____________ 5 129,599 3,194,000
1,851,000
363,000
790.000
3,194,000
1,851,000
363,000
790,000
Columbia______________ 2 72,030
13,130
28. 568
Darlington County_____
Spartanburg
12
Tennessee_____________ . 14 753, 226 18,680,000 18, 680,000
Chattanooga __________ 2 158,115
23, 563
22,575
135, 780
308,305
104,888
3,945,000
652,000
541,000
3, 259,000
7, 767,000
2, 516,000
3,945,000
652, 000
541,000
3,259,000
7, 767, 000
2,516, 000
Jackson ________ _____ 2
Kingsport___________ .. 2
Knoxville _______ . ... 3
Memphis_____________ . 3
Nashville___ . . .. 2
For footnote, see p. 352.
351
TABLE 4. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Loan and annual
contribution contracts and earmarkings outstanding for USHA-aided
projects as of June 30, 1940—Continued
State and locality
Projects under contract
Loan earmarkings
outstanding
Total loan
contract
amounts,
plus Ioan
earmarkings
Number
of
projects
Maximum
annual contributions
based
on estimated
development
cost1
Loan contract
amounts based
on 90 percent
of estimated
development
cost
Texas____________________ 34 $1,440,935 $35, 227, 000 $990, 000 $36, 217, 000
Austin _____ ___________ 5 48,319 1,158, 000 1,158,000
Brownsville . ._____ 1 20', 790 ' 534', 000 180,000 714, 000
Corpus Christi.. ... ... 3 61,095 1,521,000 1, 521, 000
Dalias________ _____ __ 2 238,876 5,732,000 5, 732,000
Del Rio... ____________ 450,000 450,000
El Paso__ __________ .. 2 96,988 2,407,000 2,407j 000
Fort Worth _______ ... 2 84,498 2,028' 000 2,028,000
Houston_____ . ____ 7 403', 748 £ 888, 000 9,888,000
Laredo______ _________ 1 37' 425 ' 898' 000 ' 898' 000
Felly.__ __________ _ _ 2 7'573 209,000 209,000
San Antonio. ... . 5 374,685 9,125' 000 9,125,000
Texarkana_____ _ ______ 2 33, 150 ' 917^ 000 ' 917^ 000
Waco_____ _________ 2 33i 788 810,000 810,000
Waxahachie______ ______ 360,000 360,000
Virginia__________________ 6 102,776 2,743,000 425,000 3,168,000
Alexandria ___________ 2 32, 500 899,000 899,000
Bristol. _______ .. .. 2 26j 888 644,000 644,000
Hopewell. . . _________ 1 10^ 823 299,000 201,000 500,000
Newport News_________ 1 32i 565 901,000 224,000 1,125,000
Washington______________ 1 112, 500 2,700,000 2,598,000 5, 298,000
Everett__ ___________ 756,000 756,000
King County____ ____ 342,000 342,000
Seattle____ 1___________ 1 112,500 2, 700, 000 1,500,000 4,200,000
West Virginia___________ 11 251,648 6,375,000 262,000 6,637,000
Charleston_____________ 2 90,619 2,175,000 2,175,000
Huntington .. ________ 3 81,760 2,101,000 2,10L000
Martinsburg... . .. .. 2 14j 363 ' 344; 000 344,000
Mount Hope___________ 1 10,988 263,000 263,000
Wheeling. ________ 1 39,293 1,088,000 262,000 1,350' 000
Williamson_____________ 2 14', 625 ' 404j 000 404,000
Wisconsin: Superior_______ 1 24, 505 678,000— 678,000
1 These figures are based on the maximum rate authorized by law. Under operating budgets now being
approved, however, and without sacrificing the desired low rents, the amounts actually paid will be substantially
less than the maximum, due to economies in operation and management.
352
TABLE 5. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Outstanding funds
advanced by the USHA to local authorities and short-term borrowings
by local authorities from other sources for USHA-aided projects, by
State and local authority, as of June 30, 1940
State and local authority
Outstanding
funds advanced
by
USHA under
loan contracts
Outstanding
short-term
borrowings by
local authorities
from
other sources 1
Total outstanding
USHA advances
and local
authorities’ shortterm
borrowings
from other sources2
Total________________________________________ $78, 204,518. 22 $240,466,000. $318,670, 518. 22
Alabama_______________________________________ 3,166,000.00 6, 200,000 9, 366,000.00
Anniston______________________________:-------------
2,845,000.00
400,000 400, 000.00
Birmingham___________________________________ 3, 500,000 6, 345,000. 00
Mobile________________________________________
298,000. 00
1,500,000 1, 500,000.00
Montgomery------------------------------------------------------ 298, 000.00
Phenix City------------------------------------------------------- 23,000.00 800,000 823,000.00
Arizona: Phoenix--------------------------------------------------- 309,000.00— 309,000.00
Arkansas: North Little Rock-------------------------------- 14,000.00— 14,000.00
California_____________________________________ 5,393,000.00— 5, 393,000.00
Los Angeles City------------------ ----------------------------- 986,000.00 ___________986_,000. 00
Los Angeles County------------------------------------------ 1,945,000.00 1,945,000.00
Oakland_______________________________________ 849,000.00 849,000.00
San Francisco__________________________________ 1,613,000.00 1, 613, 000.00
Colorado: Denver------------------------------------------------- 1,050, 000 1,050,000.00
Connecticut___________________________________ 728,000.00 6,200,000 6,928,000. 00
Bridgeport_____________________________________ 407,000. 00 3,200,000 3,607, 000.00
Hartford_______________________________________
80,000.00
1,100,000 1,100,000.00
New Britain------------------------------------------------------
1,400, 000
80,000. 00
New Haven------------------------------------------------------- 175,000.00 1, 575, 000.00
Norwalk_______________________________________
66, 000.00
500,000 500,000.00
Stamford_______________________________________ 66,000.00
District of Columbia: Washington---------------------- 934, 000.00 3,980,000 4,914,000.00
Florida________________________________________ 6,853, 500. 00 4, 500, 000 11,353,500.00
Daytona Beach---------------------------------- --------------- 423,000.00— 423,000.00
Fort Lauderdale_______________________________ 427, 000. 00 427, 000. 00
Jacksonville------------------------------------------------------- 1,816,000.00 1,816,000.00
Key West---------------------------------------------------------- 37,000.00 37, 000. 00
Miami_________________________________________ 2,818,000.00 2,818,000.00
Orlando________________________________________ 515, 500. 00
900,000
515, 500.00
Pensacola-----------------------------------------------------------
817,000.00
900,000.00
St. Petersburg---------------------------------------------------
2,600, 000
817, 000. 00
Tampa_________________________________________ 2,600,000. 00
West Palm Beach______________________________ 1,000, 000 1,000,000.00
Georgia_______________________________________ 4,409, 500.00 16, 598,000 21,007,500.00
Athens_________________________________________ 615, 500.00
11,000, 000
615, 500. 00
Atlanta__________________________________ _____ 11,000,000.00
Augusta---------------------- --------------------------------------
176, 500.00
1,932,000 1,932,000.00
Brunswick__________________________________—
1,100, 000
176, 500.00
Columbus_____________________________________ 1, 264,000.00 2,364,000. 00
Macon_______________________ +-------------------------- 1,510,000.00— 1,510,000.00
Marietta_______________________________________ 91,000. 00 91,000.00
Rome__________________________________________ 750,000.00
2, 566,000
750, 000. 00
Savannah______________________________________
2, 500. 00
2, 566,000.00
Thomas County_______________________________ — 2, 500.00
Hawaii: Honolulu_________________________________ 1,611,000.00— 1,611,000.00
For footnotes, see p. 356.
353
TABLE 5. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Outstanding funds
advanced by the USHA to local authorities and short-term borrowings
by local authorities from other sources for USHA-aided projects, by
State and local authority, as of June 30, 1940—-Continued
State and local authority
Outstanding
funds advanced
by
USHA under
loan contracts
Outstanding
short-term
borrowings by
local authorities
from
other sources 1
Total outstanding
USHA advances
and local
authorities’ shortterm
borrowings
from other sources2
Illinois..._____ ___________________ ____ ________ $677,000.00 $11,100,000 $11,777,000.00
Alexander County_____________________________
Chicago________________________________________
Danville_______________________________________
Granite City___________________________________
Peoria_________________________________________
St. Clair County_________ _____________________
Springfield.._____ ____________________________ _
76,000.00
63, 000. 00
71,000.00
77,000.00
30, 000. 00
360,000.00
7, 500, 000
3,600,000
76,000.00
7, 563, 000.00
71,000.00
77, 000. 00
3,600,000.00
30,000. 00
360,000. 00
Indiana..____ __________________________________ 982,000.00 2, 075,000 3, 057,000. 00
Delaware County______________________________
Fort Wayne___________________________________
Gary___________________________________________
Hammond_____________________________________
Kokomo_______________________________________
Muncie________________________________________
Vincennes..__________________ ____ ____________
14,000.00
100,000.00
44,000.00
558, 000. 00
266,000.00
425,000
750,000
900,000
425.000.00
14,000.00
850,000.00
44,000. 00
558,000.00
900, 000. 00
266,000.00
Kentucky____ _______ _________________________ 2,208, 000.00 8, 700,000 10,908, 000. 00
Covington_____________________________________
Frankfort______________________________________
Lexington______________________________________
Louisville______________________________________
Paducah_______________________________________
1,315,000.00
204,000.00
689, 000.00
670,000
8,030, 000
1,315,900.00
204,000. 00
670,000.00
8, 030,000.00
689,000.00
Louisiana: New Orleans__________________________ 20,000,000 20,000,000.00
Maryland_____________________________________ 400,000.00 14,180,000 14, 580,000.00
Annapolis______________________________________
Baltimore______________________________________
Frederick______________________________________
400,000.00
13,950,000
230,000
400,000.00
13,950.000.00
230,000.00
Massachusetts_________________________________ 179,000. 00 14,351,000 14, 530,000.00
Boston_________________________________________
Fall River_____________________________________
Holyoke_____________________ __________________
Lawrence______________________________________
Lowell_________________________________________
New Bedford__________________________________
146,000. 00
33,000.00
10,175,000
980,000
620,000
1, 776,000
800,000
10,321,000.00
980,000.00
620, 000. 00
33, 000.00
1, 776, 000.00
800,000. 00
Michigan______________________________________ 490,000.00 6,700,000 7,190, 000.00
Detroit________________________________________
Hamtramck___________________________________
351,000.00
139,000.00
6,700,000 7,051,000.00
139, 000.00
Mississippi____________________________ _________ 188, 500.00 2,390,000 2,578, 500.00
Biloxi__________________________________________
Hattiesburg____________________________________
Laurel_________________________________________
McComb City_________________________________
Meridian...___________________________________
59, 500. 00
129, 000.00
350,000
765,000
250,000
1,025,000
59, 500.00
350,000. 00
765, 000.00
379,000.00
1,025,000.00
Missouri: St. Louis_________ ______________________ 697,000.00— 697,000.00
Montana______________ _______________________ 1,135,000 1,135,000.00
Butte__________________________________________
Great Falls____________________________________
Helena_________________________________________
530,000
425,000
180,000
530,000.00
425,000.00
180,000.00
Nebraska: Omaha________________________________ 3,300,000 3, 300,000.00
For footnotes, see p. 356.
354
TABLE 5. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Outstanding funds
advanced by the USHA to local authorities and short-term borrowings
by local authorities from other sources for USHA-aided projects, by
State and local authority, as of June 30, 1940—Continued
State and local authority
Outstanding
funds advanced
by
USHA under
loan contracts
Outstanding
short-term
borrowings by
local authorities
from
other sources 1
Total outstanding
USHA advances
and local
authorities’ shortterm
borrowings
from other sources2
New Jersey___________________________________ $5,797,000.00 $13,050,000 $18,847,000. 00
Asbury Park________________ _________________ 600,000 600,000.00
Atlantic City__________________________________
53,000.00
1, 650,000 1, 650, 006.00
Beverly________________________________________ 53,000.00
Camden_______________________________________ 370,000.00 370, 000.00
Elizabeth______________________________________ 2,377,000.00 2,377,000.00
Harrison__________ _____________________________ 338,000.00 338,000.00
Jersey City____________________________________ 613,000.00 613,000.00
Long Branch__________________________________ 440,000.00
7,500,000
440,000.00
Newark________________________________________ 834,000.00 8,334,000.00
North Bergen__________________________________ 772,000.00
1,050,000
772,000.00
Perth Amboy__________________________________ 1,050,000.00
Trenton_______________________________________ 2,250,000 2,250,000.00
New York________ ____ ______________________ .. 13, 765,000.00 41,000,000 54, 765,000.00
Buffalo__________ _____________________________ 6,754,000.00
41,000,000
6, 754,000.00
New York City________________________________
3,467,000.00
41,000,000.00
Syracuse________________________________ ____ 3,467,000.00
IT t ica_____________________________ _____ 698,000.00 698,000.00
Yonkers_______________________________________ 2,846,000.00— 2,846,000. 00
North Carolina_______________________________ .. 1,004,018.22 4,033,000 5,037,018. 22
Charlotte..____ ________________________________
70,000.00
1,783,000 1, 783,000.00
Kinston________________________________________ 70,000.00
New Bern_____________________________________ 100,000.00
1,500,000
750,000
100,000.00
Raleigh________________________________________
834,018.22
1,500,000.00
Wilmington_____________________________ ______ 1, 584,018. 22
Ohio______________________________ _______ _____ 6,157,000.00 13,900,000 20,057,000.00
Akron_________________________________________ 151,000.00 1,000,000 1,151,000.00
Cincinnati_____________________________________ 30,000.00 2,100,000 2,130,000.00
Cleveland______________________________________ 836,000.00 6, 250,000 7,086,000.00
Columbus_____________________________________ 2,194,000.00
1,600,000
2,194,000.00
Dayton_______________ _________________________
132,000.00
1, 600,000.00
Portsmouth____________________________________
2,200,000
132,000.00
Toledo_________________________________________ 125, 000.00 2,325,000.00
Warren________________________________________ 78, 000.00 78,000. 00
Youngstown___________________________________ 2,611,000.00
750,000
2,611,000.00
Zanesville______________________________________ 750,000.00
Pennsylvania__________________________________ 1,921,000.00 28,109,000 30,030,000. 00
Allegheny County_____________________________ 311,000.00— 311,000.00
Allentown_____________________________________ 1,201,000.00
409,000.00
1,201,000.00
Chester________________________________________
1, 587,000
409,000.00
Harrisburg_____________________________________ 1,587,000.00
McKeesport___________________________________ 807,000 807,000.00
Philadelphia___________________________________ 11,000,000 11,000,000.00
Pittsburgh_____________________________________ 13,300,000 13,300,000.00
Reading_______________________________________ 1,415,000 1, 415,000.00
Puerto Rico_____ ____ ________________________ 840,000. 00 450,000 1,290,000. 00
Mayaguez..____ _______________________________ 73,000.00
450,000
73,000.00
Ponce__________________________________________ 100,000.00 550,000.00
Puerto Rico Housing Authority_______ ____ _ 214,000.00 214,000.00
San Juan______________________________________ 453,000.00— 453,000.00
Rhode Island__________________________________ 278,000.00— 278,000.00
Pawtucket_____________________________________ 100,000.00 ___________10_0_,000. 00
Providence_____ _______________________________ 178,000.00— 178,000.00
For footnotes, see p. 356.
355
TABLE 5. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Outstanding funds
advanced by the USHA to local authorities and short-term borrowings
by local authorities from other sources for USHA-aided projects, by
State and local authority, as of June 30, 1940—-Continued
State and local authority
Outstanding
funds advanced
by
USHA under
loan contracts
Outstanding
short-term
borrowings by
local authorities
from
other sources 1
Total outstanding
USHA advances
and local
authorities’ shortterm
borrowings
from other sources2
South Carolina____________________________ ... $1, 204,000. 00 $2, 540,000 $3, 744,000. 00
Charleston_________________ -__________________
Columbia___________________________ ___________
Darlington County____________________________
Spartanburg___________________________________
1,132, 500.00
3,000. 00
68, 500.00
900,000
1,640, 000
2,032, 500. 00
1,640,000. 00
3,000.00
68, 500.00
Tennessee...____ ______________________________ 1,160,000.00 12,825, 000 13,985,000. 00
Chattanooga___ _______________________________
Kingsport______________________________________
Knoxville______________________________________
Memphis________ i_____________________________
Nashville________________________________ :_____
125,000.00
30,000.00
655,000.00
.. 350,000.00
3,300, 000
325,000
3,100,000
5,000.000
1,100,000
3,425,000. 00
355,000.00
3,100,000.00
5,655,000. 00
1,450, 000.00
Texas__________________________________________ 13,302, 000. 00— 13, 302, 000.00
Austin_________________________________________
Brownsville____________________________________
Corpus Christi_________________________________
Dallas_________________________________________
El Paso_______________________________ _________
Fort Worth____________________________________
Houston_____ __________________________________
Laredo___________________ ______________________
Pelly___________________________________________
San Antonio.__________________________________
Texarkana______________________________ ______
Waco_______________________________ ___________
947,000.00
531,000. 00
1, 200,000. 00
746,000.00
1,902,000.00
2,026,000.00
2,038,000.00
328,000.00
24,000.00
3,445,000.00
10,000.00
105. 000.00
—
947, 000. 00
531,000. 00
1, 200,000. 00
746,000. 00
1,902,000. 00
2,026,000. 00
2,038.000. 00
328,000. 00
24,000. 00
3,445,000. 00
10, 000. 00
105. 000. 00
Virginia________________________________________ 666,000. 00— 666, 000.00
Alexandria________________________________ _____
Bristol_________ _______________________________
Newport News_________________________________
96,000. 00
431,000. 00
139,000. 00
— 96,000. 00
431,000.00
139. 000. 00
Washington: Seattle________ ______________________ 411,000.00— 411,000. 00
West Virginia______ __________________________ 2, 449,000. 00 2,100, 000 4, 549,000.00
Charleston____________________________________ ,
Huntington____________________________________
Martinsburg___________________________________
Mount Hope___________________________________
Wheeling________________ ,_____________________
Williamson____________________________________
2,055,000. 00
26,000.00
219, 000. 00
93,000. 00
56,000.00
2,100,000 2,100,000.00
2,055,000. 00
26,000.00
219,000.00
93,000. 00
56,000. 00
Wisconsin: Superior______________________________ 11,000.00— 11,000.00
1 At the time these short-term loans are made, the USHA issues a commitment to provide funds for their
redemption at maturity, which usually does not exceed a period of 6 months.
2 These figures represent the total outstanding of USHA advances and USHA commitments on short-term
borrowings.
356
TABLE 6. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Analysis by 6-
month periods of costs per dwelling unit for USHA-aided projects with
main construction contracts authorized for award, September 1938-
June 1940
Period
Number
of
projects
Number
of
dwelling
units
Average
cost per
dwelling
unit
Reduction in costs per dwelling unit
Amount Percentage
From
previous
period
From
first
period
From
previous
period
From
first
period
NET CONSTRUCTION COST
DWELLING FACILITIES COST
Total _____________ __ 228 84,927 $2, 762
September 1938-December 1938.
January 1939-June 1939________
July 1939-December 1939______
January 1940-June 1940________
13
42
109
64
9,634
14,966
39,975
20,352
2,948
2,945
2,746
2,572
$3
199
174
$3
202
376
0.1
6.8
6.3
0.1
6.9
12.8
Total___________________
September 1938-December 1938
January 1939-June 1939________
July 1939-December 1939______
January 1940-June 1940________
228 84.927 3, 390
13 9,634 3, 570
42 14,966 3, 613 C$43 1 $43 1 1.2 1 1.2
109 39, 975 3,359 254 211 7.0 5.9
64 20, 352 3,202 157 368 4.7 10.3
OVER-ALL COST OF NEW HOUSING
Total. . . . _ _ _ 228 84,927 4.414
September 1938-December 1938.
January 1939-June 1939________
July 1939-December 1939______
January 1940-June 1940________
13
42
109
64
9,634
14, 966
39, 975
20, 352
4,765
4, 703
4,335
4.191
$62
368
144
$62
430
574
1.3
7.8
3.3
1.3
9.0
12.0
1 Increase.
357
358
TABLE 7. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.— S um m a ry of USHA-aided p ro jects for which awards of main
con stru ction con tracts have been approved as of June 30, 1940
E stim ated over-all cost of new housing E stim ated cost of entire
per dwelling u n it project
fl Dwelling fl £ facilities > ® g. w ® ,2 S .2 ----------------------------- 0 o S
P roject location and ~ S lum or +□« rfl fl •flrfl ‘f l- a nam e P ro ject No. Vacan t S £ £ § ° » Sfc U S tructures
* site 2 a g> g» 5S- S§ BS
2 I Is -3g -29
J-* fl s ° § —• n 9 a--e * -s
S 5 a h « B ® § 5 O "a c3 o o ® O Z H O > B § J £ H Z M O 5 2
T o ta l--------------------- 228 projects 84,927 ___________ $4,414 $366 $658 $3, 390 $2, 762 $628 $407,891,084 $374,900,554 $31,670,713 $1,319,817
Alabama:
Anniston: Glen Addie. Ala-4-1____ 164 S lum _____ 3,449 147 412 2,890 2,245 645 599,374 565,718 33,656 0 2-story row houses, 2-story _ . . B irm in g,h am ; row houses an d flats.
E ly to n Village----------- Ala-1-1_____ 860 V a c a n t.... 4,659 399 587 3,673 3,019 654 4,007,068 4,007,068 0 0 3-story ap artm en ts, 1 -and
C_ en tra,l C ity 2-story row houses. -------------- A la -1 -3 R .... 913 S lum ______ 4,114 904 297 2,913 2,375 538 4,138,107 3,755,642 382,465 0 2-story flats, 3-story apts.
S outh T ow n --------------- A la-1 -4R _ ... 480 ...d o _______ 3,977 733 458 2,786 2,237 549 2,059,628 1,909,132 150,496 0 2-story row houses . . and Mob, ile: flats.
Oak L aw n H om es___ Ala-2-1------- 100 V a c a n t... 4,288 80 598 3,610 2,861 749 432,209 428,776 0 3,433 1 -and 2-story row houses.
Orange Grove Hom es. A la-2-2____ 298 S lum ______ 4,090 224 544 3,322 2,660 662 1,339,560 1,218,895 106,841 13,824 Do.
P henix C ity: R iverview A la -5 -lR ._ . 216 ...d o _______ 3,636 126 545 2,965 2,444 521 830,899 785,273 45,626 0 2-story row houses and
C o u rts A p ts. flats, 2-story flats.
Arizona:
Phoenix: M ath ew H en- Ariz-1-3____ 132 ...d o ______ 2,866 121 519 2,226 1,721 505 425,795 378,294 47,501 0 1-story tw in houses, 1-story
son. row houses. California:
Los Angeles C ity: R a- C al-4-1____ 610 85 percent 3,332 112 442*2,778 2,130 648 2,051,376 2,032,282 19,094 0 2-story row houses and
m ona Gardens. vacant. 2-story flats.
Los Angeles C ounty:
C arm elitos----------------- C al-2-1_____ 607 V a c a n t.... 4,013 52 756 3,205 2,581 624 2,462,675 2,435,671 0 27,004 1-story row houses, 2-story
row houses an d flats.
H arb o r H ills_________ C al-2-2_____ 300 ...d o ______ 4,171 17 855 3,299 2,574 725 1,261,656 1,251,158 0 10,498 2-story row houses, 1- and
2-story flats and row
houses.
M arav illa____________ C al-2-4_____ 504 80 p ercen t 3,477 302 587 2,588 2,055 533 1,925,299 1,752,648 172,651 0 1-story row houses.
vacant.
Oakland: C am pbell Vil- Cal-3-2------- 154 S lum _____ 4,327 677 467 3,183 2,574 609 751,690 666,386 85,304 0 2-story flats, 2-story row
„ lage. . houses.
San Francisco:
H olly C o u rts------------- C al-1-1------- 118 V a c a n t...- 4,651 642 376 *3,633 2,970 663 548,772 548,772 0 0 2-story row houses and flats.
P o trero ---------------------- C al-1-2 ------- 469 90 percent 4,043 153 939 *2,951 2,449 502 1,954,446 1,895,978 18,826 39,642 2-story row houses and
vacant. basem ent flats, 2-story
„ , , S u n n y d al e an d basem ent flats. ----------------- C al-1-3------- 772 95 percent 3,505 121 621 *2,763 2,294 469 2,713,584 2,705,995 7,589 0 2-story flats and row
vacant. houses, 1-story row
houses, 2-story row
Colorado: houses.
Denver: Lincoln P a rk .. Colo-1-2___ 346 S lum ____ _ 4,317 290 475 3,552 2,831 721 1,606,670 1,493,636 113,034 0 2 -and 3-story flats and row
Connecticut: houses, 3-story apts.
Bridgeport: Yellow M ill C o n n -1 -1 ... 1,251 ...d o ______ 4,196 427 426 3,343 2,738 605 6,205,143 5,248,938 956,205 0 3-story ap artm en ts, 3 -and
Village. 4-story apartm ents.
H artford:
N elto n C o u rt------------- C o n n -3 -1 ... 146 V a c a n t.... 4,494 218 486 3,790 3,067 723 656,151 656,151 0 0 2-story row houses, 3-story
apartm ents. D u tch P o in t C o lo n y .. C o n n -3 -2 ... 222 ...d o ______ 4,844 158 881 3,805 3,061 744 1,075,320 1,075,320 0 0 2-story row houses, 2-story
I I flats, 3-story ap artm en ts.
1 F igures in th is colum n are based on m ain construction co n tract awards. Since th e n um b er of dwelling u n its m ay v ary a t different stages of project developm ent,
m inor variations m ay be noted betw een th is colum n and those in U SH A tables 8,9, and 12.
3 “ Over-all cost of new housing ” consists of all costs of a project e ite p t cost of slum buildings to be to rn down, cost of land for fu tu re developm ent, an d th e local housing a u th o rity ’s adm in istrativ e, carrying and contingent expenses applicable to these excepted item s. In statin g th e “ over-all cost of new housing,” th e following item s involved
in some projects are n o t included since th ey are n o t p ro p erly chargeable to th e cost of new housing: (a) T h e cost of slum buildings to be to rn down on th e project site, which
represents an expenditure n o t for new housing for slum dwellers, b u t for slum clearance: and (b) T h e cost of land for fu tu re developm ent, which represents an expenditure n o t
for lan d for p resen t new housing, b u t for lan d which will later be used for an d charged to additional housing. T h e exclusion of these two item s for statistical purposes makes
possible fair comparisons betw een costs of housing in U SH A -aided projects and costs of housing u n d ertak en b y p riv ate enterprise when land costs are included.
3 “ L an d for p resen t d ev elo pm en t” consists of th e cost of land to be purchased and th e value of land to be donated which are to be used for present developm ent, and
includes also th e expenses of acquiring such lan d an d th e local housing a u th o rity ’s adm in istrativ e, carrying and contingent expenses applicable to such land. It does not
include th e cost or value of existing “ slum buildings to be to rn dow n” or th e cost of “ lan d for fu tu re developm ent.”
4 “ N ondw elling facilities” consists of th e construction cost of site im provem ents and nondwelling buildings, nondwelling spaces and eq u ipm en t, pre-occupaney charges,
and th e local housing a u th o rity ’s arch itectu ral, adm in istrativ e, carrying and contingent expenses applicable to these nondwelling facility items.
« “ Dwelling facilities cost” is th e to tal of th e construction cost of dwellings (referred to in footnote 6 as “n e t construction cost” ), dwelling eq u ipm en t (such as ranges,
refrigerators, screens, etc.), and th e local housing a u th o rity ’s arch itectu ral, adm in istrativ e, carrying and contingent expenses applicable to dwelling construction and dwelling
eq u ipm en t. T h e am o u n t shown includes allowances for changes an d extras. T h e asterisk (*) indicates th a t th e applicable sta tu to ry lim itatio n s to dwelling facilities cost
(Sec. 15 (5) U . S. Housing Act of 1937, as amended) are $5,000 per dwelling u n it and $1,250 per room (projects in cities w ith over 500,000 population); on all other projects (i.
e., in localities w ith populations of 500,000 or less) th e sta tu to ry lim itatio n s are $4,000 per dwelling u n it an d $1,000 per room.
6 “ N e t construction cost” is th e construction cost of dwellings—i. e., stru ctu ral, plum bing, heating, and electrical costs. T h e am ounts shown do n o t include any allowances
for changes and extras. T h e item s contained in th e “ n e t construction cost” m ost nearly comprise th e item s contained in residential construction costs as compiled b y th e B u reau of L abor S tatistics on th e basis of building p erm it d ata.
7 “ E q u ipm en t, arch itects’ fees and overhead” consists of th e cost of dwelling eq u ipm en t (such as ranges, refrigerators, screens, etc.) and th e local housing a u th o rity ’s
arch itectu ral, adm in istrativ e, carrying an d contingent expenses applicable to dwelling construction an d dwelling equipm ent.
8 “ E stim ated cost of entire project, to ta l” is th e en tire cost of th e project including n o t only th e “ over-all cost of new housing,” b u t also th e cost of “ slum buildings to
be to rn dow n,” th e cost of “ lan d for fu tu re d ev elo pm en t,” and th e local housing a u th o rity ’s adm in istrativ e, carrying and contingent expenses applicable to these items.
’ “ S lum buildings to be to rn dow n ” consists of th e cost of th e slum buildings on th e site, th e expenses of acquiring th e slum buildings, demolition and clearing of site,
an d th e local housing a u th o rity ’s adm in istrativ e, carrying and contingent expenses applicable to these slum elim ination item s. T hese costs are n o t properly chargeable to
new housing b u t to slum clearance.
10 “ L and for fu tu re developm ent” consists of th e cost or value of land to be purchased or donated for th e fu tu re developm ent of additional housing, and also includes
the expenses of acquiring th e land, and th e local housing a u th o rity ’s adm in istrativ e, carrying an d contingent expenses applicable to such land.
ii Slum buildings on site paid for b y PW A Housing Division.
359
360
TABLE 7. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—S um m ary of USHA-aided p ro jects for which awards of main
con stru ction con tracts have been approved as of June 30, 1940—Continued
. E stim ated over-all cost of new housing E stim ated cost of entire
per dwelling u n it project
S ■ s - Dwelling facilities £ £ 9*
a Slum or > P roject location and ~ v acan t ” a S B ’S o'* a -S s o . nam e Project No. -3 sitc g ^ S S’ S tructures
£ wS S -^.9 c o g 3
o S OS'S ° 2 -2 s ° <5° 5 =3 « § 2 S „ x3 g o ~ - 12 is - § |« -£ - 73 " -2
a 3 s O S S o o ® o o t> 5 s Z J £ H £ K H O 02 hJ
C ONNECTICUT— C On. N e w H a v e n : E lm C onn-4-1. _ 442 90 percent $4,439 $466 $514 $3,459 $2,808 651 $2,399,944 $1,962,226 $437,718 0 2-story row houses and
H aven. slum . flats, 3-story apartm ents.
Norwalk: W ashington Conn-2-1 _. 136 70 percent 4,281 119 573 3,589 2,805 784 621,228 582,176 39,052 0 2-story row houses and
Village. slum. flats, 2-story flats and
# ap artm en ts, 2-story row
houses, flats and apart-
District of Columbia: m ents.
W ashington:
F o rt D u p o n t Dwell- D C -1 -1 ____ 326 V a c a n t.... 5,020 87 613 *4,320 3,690 630 1,665,516 1,636,405 0 $29,111 2-story, 2-story an d baseings.
m en t ap artm en ts; 3-
story, 3-story an d basem
en t ap artm en ts; 2-story
row houses.
E llen Wilson Dwell- D C -1 -2____ 218 S lum _____ 4,711 626 586 *3,499 2,909 590 1,226,178 1,026,906 199,272 0 2-story row houses, 2-story
ings. a p a r tm e n ts , 3 -s to ry
F apartm ents. lorida: D ay to n a Beach: P ine F la-7-1_____ 167 V acan t____ 2,866 33 386 2,447 1,890 557 481,863 478,666 0 3,197 1-story row houses.
Haven.
F o rt L auderdale: Dixie Fla-10-1____ 150 90 percent 3,170 69 610 2,491 1,964 527 484,213 475,450 8,763 0 1-story row houses, 1-story
C ourt. vacant. tw in houses.
Brentwood P a rk _____ F la-1-1_____ 230 V acan t____ 4,272 139 709 3,424 2,667 757 1,009,825 982,467 0 27,358 2-story com bination row
houses and flats. B r e n tw o o d P a r k F la -1 -1 A „ .. 368 ...d o _______ 3,363 1 454 2,908 2,318 590 1,237,676 1,237,676 0 0 1-story row houses, 1 - and
A ddition. 2-story row houses.
M iam i:
E dison C o u rts_______ F la-5-1_____ 345 ...d o ......... . 4,230 165 556 3,509 2,850 659 1,459,412 1,459,412 0 0 1 -and 2-story row houses,
1-story 2-family houses.
L iberty Square A d d ’n F la-5-2 _____ 352 ...d o ______ 2,779 11 327 2,441 1,977 464 978,224 978,224 0 0 1 -and 2-story row houses.
Do . Fla-5-3 .. 378 ...d o ______ 2,754 14 347 2,393 1,905 488 1,041,184 1,041,184 0 0 1-story flats, 2-story row
houses.
Orlando: Griffin P a rk .. F la-4-1_____ 174 S lum _____ 3,074 161 386 2,527 1,907 620 608,094 534,855 66,169 7,070 1 -and 2-story row houses.
Aragon C ourt Fla-6-1 . 120 ...d o ______ 4,061 186 584 3,291 2,525 766 567,025 487.304 51,355 28,366 1-story row houses, 2-story
row houses, 1-story tw in
houses.
A ttucks C o u rt_______ F la-6-2_____ 120 75 percent 3,839 130 658 3,051 2,348 703 488,628 460,670 19,081 8,877 1 -and 2-story row houses,
vacant.
St. P etersburg: Jordan F la -2 -1 ___ 242 80 percent 3,734 87 489 3,158 2,490 668 977,961 903,672 62,768 11,521 1- and 2-story row houses
P ark . vacant. and flats, 2-story row
T am p a: houses. N o r th B o u le v a r d F la -3 -lB .... 534 50 percent 3,583 186 455 2,942 2,367 575 2,141,238 1,913,150 228,088 0 1 -and 2-story row houses,
Homes slum . 2-story row houses and
flats.
Ponce de Leon C o u rts F la -3-2_____ 320 85 percent 3,182 218 360 2,604 2,089 515 1,018,196 1,018,196 0 0 1 -and 2-story row houses,
vacant. 2-story row houses, 1- and 2-story row houses
and flats, 2-story row
houses an d flats.
Riverview T errace Fla-3-3 . . . . 328 90 percent 3,296 194 364 2,738 2,211 527 1,081,167 1,081,167 0 0 1 -and 2-story row houses,
v acan t. 2-story row houses and
W est P alm Beach: flats. , , „ x D u n b ar Village . Fla-9-1 . 246 V a c a n t.... 3,343 90 585 2,668 2,125 543 822,394 822,394 0 0 1 -and 2-story row houses,
1-story tw in houses.
S outhridge___________ Fla-9-2_____ 122 ...d o ......... 3,754 140 612 3,002 2,396 606 458,020 458,020 0 0 1-story row houses.
Georgia: Athens: , , „ x P arkview Homes Ga-3-1 . . 54 S lum _____ 3,985 127 778 3,080 2,454 626 226,863 215,206 11,657 0 2-story row houses, 2-story
flats.
Broad Acres Ga-3-2 126 do ____ 3,501 105 496 2,900 2,290 610 469,489 441,128 27,136 1,225 1-story row houses, 2-story
A tlan ta: row houses and flats. „ x . C lark Howell Homes Ga-6-1 . 630 ..d o ______ 4,756 452 624 3,680 3,023 657 3,383,763 2,996,254 387,509 0 2-story row houses, 2- sto ry flats, 3-story row
houses and flats.
Jo h n Hope Homes Ga-6-2 .. 606 — d o _____ 4,203 434 536 3,233 2,576 657 2,844,357 2,547,231 297,126 0 1-story row houses, 2-story
row houses, 2-story flats.
Capitol Homes Ga-6-3 .. 6 1 6— d o______ 4,454 385 750 3,319 2,649 670 3,046,091 2,743,816 302,275 0 2-story row houses, 2-story
row houses an d flats.
H en ry G rad y Homes Ga-6-4 616 ..d o _____ 3,779 472 565 2,742 2,164 578 2,691,042 2,327,738 363,304 0 2-story row houses and
flats.
Jo h n J. E agan Homes G a-6-5R l 548 60 percent 3,499 121 420 2,958 2,477 481 2,039,703 1,917,423 122,280 0 2-story row houses, 2-story
slum row houses and flats, 3-
sto ry row houses and
Augusta* flats.
Olmsted H om es_____ Ga-1-1_____ 167 V a c a n t.... 4,046 73 696 3,277 2,548 729 682,792 675,696 0 7,096 1 -an d 2-story row houses.
Sunset Homes Ga-1—2 _____ 1 6 8 d o______ 4,167 99 655 3.413 2,688 725 703,968 699,991 0 3,977 Do.
G ilbert M an o r Ga-1-3R 278 S lu m . .. 3,310 108 399 2,803 2,207 596 1,021,200 920,306 100,894 0 1-story row houses 2-story
row houses and flats.
F o r footnotes, see p. 359.
361
D STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY. S um m ary of USHA-aided p ro jects for which awards of main,
con stru ction con tracts have been approved as of June 30, 1940—Continued
C5
S tructures
2-story row houses. 2-story
row houses and flats.
2-story row houses an d
flats.
Do.
Do.
2-story row houses, 2-story
ro v houses an d flats.
1- and 2-story row houses.
2-story row houses, 2-story
flats.
1-story row houses and
tw in houses, 2-story row
houses and flats.
2-story row houses, 2-story
flats.
2-story row houses, 1-story
tw in houses.
2-story row houses and
flats.
oi juoui
-dopAop ojnjnj joj puBq;
$2, 290
o c
0
6,111
o o
45,994
o
st of entire
ct
eq
6 UAWp UJOJ
o? sSuippnq urnfs
$62, 564
50, 572
155, 316
111, 119
60,195
67,375
74,484
47,683
18,343
28, 676
319, 269
stim ated co:
proje
z Suisnoq
Mau jo jsoo n^-JOAO
$451, 501
469.448
1, 203, 762
937,812
354, 510
687, 273
1,095,344
554, 230
337,892
675, 041
3
JO
8
$516, 355
520,020
1, 359,078
1,048,931
414, 705
754,648
1,175,939
601,913
356,235
749, 711
2,194,349
bJD
*•ES75 3
L pBOqJOAO
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$603
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to
co
IO
620
585
3
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o
43
fc
a ±2
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.9
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uoijenjjsuoo jajq
$2, 237
2,094
2,228
2.240
2,310
2,480
2,206
2,352
2,515
2,316
2,351
3ost o f:
ing u n
A
S IBJOJ,
$2,840
2,682
2,725
2,753
2,845
3,100
2,791
2,897
3,063
2,901
2,928
ated over-all i
per dwell
t saijqraej SuqieAipuoM
$538
CM
CM
co
o
co
o
422
483
CM
1O
CO
05
CO
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170
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s
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co
co
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E stim
t moj,
$3, 527
3,260
co
co
3,256
3,409
3, 656
3, 444
3, 745
3,595
3, 835
3, 906
Slum or
vacant
site
90 percent
slum.
80 percent
slum.
S lum _____
o' nos'
...d o ______
55 percent
vacant.
S lu m ......
6
90 percent
vacant.
S lum _____ ;
i spun SujipMp jo jaqtunx
00
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co
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188
318
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P roject No.
i
CM
i
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G a -4 -lR ....
G a-4-2_____
-ccs
4
e>
CM
CS 03
co
Ga-5-1_____
G a-5-2_____
G a-2-1_____
G a-2-2_____
P roject location and
name
Georgia—C ontinued.
Brunswick: G ly n v ille .................
M cIn ty re C o u rts____
Columbus:
George F o ster P eab
o d y A p artm en ts.
Booker T . W ashingto
n A p artm en ts.
Booker T . W ashington
A p artm en ts Addition.
Macon:
Oglethorpe H om es___
T in d all H eig h ts______
Rome:
DeSoto H om es_______
Altoview T errace____
S avannah:
Fellwood Hom es_____
Y am acraw Village___
362
G arden H om e s............ G a-2 -3 _____ 314 V a c a n t.... 3,455 85 504 2,866 2,288 578 1,114,295 1,084,970 0 29,325 1-story row houses, 2-story
row houses, 2-story row
H houses an d flats. awaii: H o n o lu lu : K am eha- T H -1 -1 ____ 221 ...d o ______ 4,872 762 827 3,283 2,673 610 1,076,655 1,076,655 0 0 1-story row houses, 2-story
m eha Hom es. row houses, 1- an d 2-story
row houses. Illinois:
Chicago: Id a B. Wells 111-2-1______ 1,662 S lum _____ 5,223 467 627 *4,129 3,487 642 8,680,920 8,680,920 (») 0 0 3 - and 4-story ap artm en ts,
Hom es. 2-story row houses, 3-
sto ry combinations.
PeCoroial*.’ Jo h n W arner H1-3-1R____ 487 ...d o ______ 4,220 273 446 3,501 2,841 660 2,375,425 2,055,171 320,254 0 2-story row houses and
Homes. flats, 3-story apartm ents.
H arrison H om es......... . 111-3-2______ 606 80 percent 4,252 117 580 3,555 2,899 656 2,694,413 2,576,886 117,527 0 2-story row houses and
I v acan t. flats. ndiana: D e la w a r e C o u n ty : In d -4 -1 ____ 112 V acan t____ 4,385 43 975 3,367 2,753 614 512,797 491,161 0 21,636 1-story tw in houses, 1-story
M id d letow n Gardens. single houses.
G ary: D elaney Com- Ind-11-1 ___ 305 ...d o ______ 4,059 82 879 3,098 2,610 488 1,238,000 1,238,000 0 0 1-story tw in houses, 1-story
m u n ity . row houses.
Kokomo: G atew ay Gar- In d -7 -1 ____ 176 ...d o _____ 4,157 197 468 3,492 2,890 602 731,680 731,680 0 0 2-story row houses, 1 - and
dens. 2-story row houses and
flats. M u n c ie : M u n sy an a In d -5 -1 ____ 278 S lum _____ 3,779 387 453 2,939 2,421 518 1,174,184 1,050,598 123,586 0 2-story row houses and
Homes. flats.
Vincennes: M ajor Bow- In d -2 -1 ____ 83 V acan t— . 3,517 91 544 2,882 2,300 582 295,888 291,935 0 3,953 1-story tw in houses.
m an T errace.
K entucky: Covington:
L ato n ia T errace______ K y -2 -1_____ 235 ...d o ______ 5, 128 291 1,166 3,671 3,022 649 1,205,166 1,205,166 0 0 2-story row houses and
flats, 3-story com bination
row houses and flats.
Jacob P rice H om e s.. . K y -2 -2_____ 163 S lum _____ 5,175 670 872 3,633 2,988 645 998,832 843,573 155,259 0 Do.
F ran k fo rt: Leestown K y -3 -1_____ 91 V acan t___ 3,715 106 763 2,846 2,270 576 338,076 338,076 0 0 1-story row houses, 1-story
T errace. tw in houses.
Lexington:
F ow ler’s G ard en s____ K y -4 -1_____ 86 ...d o ______ 3,957 73 571 3,313 2,657 656 340,304 340,304 0 0 2-story row houses, 2-story
row houses an d flats.
C h arlo tte C o u rts____ K y -4 -2 _____ 206 60 percent 3,995 168 604 3,223 2,517 706 870,211 822,873 47,338 0 1 -an d 2-story row houses,
vacant. 2-story row houses, 2- sto ry row houses and
flats.
Louisville:
C lark sd ale___________ K y -1 -1_____ 786 S lum _____ 4,810 570 715 3,525 2,920 605 4,565,635 3,780,435 785,290 0 2 -an d 3-story combination
row houses and flats.
Beecher T errace_____ K y -1 -2 _____ 808 ...d o ______ 4,773 698 640 3,435 2,784 651 4,518,167 3,856,643 661,524 0 2-story flats, 2- and 3-story
I row houses an d flats.
F or footnotes, see p. 359.
363
274771—41----24
TABLE 7. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—S um m ary of USHA-aided p ro jects for which awards of main
con stru ction con tracts have been approved as of June 30, 1940—Continued
S tructures
2-story row houses and
flats.
1-story row houses, 2-story
row houses an d flats.
2-story flats, 2- and 3-story
row houses and flats.
Do.
2-story flats, 3-story row
houses an d flats.
2-story row houses and
flats, 2-story flats, 2- and
3-story row houses and
flats, 3-story row houses
and flats.
2- and 3-story flats, 2-story
row houses.
2-story row houses. 2- and
3-story flats and row
houses, 3-story flats and
row houses.
2-story row houses, 2-story
flats.
2- and 3-story flats and row
houses, 3-story flats, 3-
sto ry flats and row
houses.
E stim ated cost of entire
project
01 juom
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0
890 T$
0
0
0
00
0
0
0
6 UA\Op UJOJ
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$51,861
34,943
801, 679
681,673
465,817
626,923
18,855
123,046
40, 543
664,900
z Smsnoq
Mau jo jsoa pc-jaAO
$469,949
318, 673
5,024,032
3, 531, 326
4,581,674
4, 378,641
3, 548, 320
3, 631,366
444, 390
3, 278,361
s M0J,
$521,810
353, 616
5, 825, 711
4, 212,999
5,047,491
5,005, 564
3, 567,175
3, 754,412
488,991
3,943, 261
E stim ated over-all cost of new housing per dwelling u n it
Dwelling facilities
L pWqjQAO
puB saqj .spa;
-iqojB ^uoradmba
$681
730
739
726
800
724
753
828
671
481
o jsoa
uotjani'isuoo jaxj
$2, 374
2,581
3,222
2,932
3,000
2,943
3, 228
2,839
2,810
2, 767
S IBJOJ,
$3, 055
3,311
3,961
3,658
3,800
3,667
3,981
3,667
3, 481
*3, 248
f sapiponj SurpaMpnox
$486
649
738
697
598
705
840
997
566
685
s juatudo
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$219
346
480
529
942
515
321
217
68
744
Z [BJOJ,
$3, 760
4,306
5,179
4,884
5,340
4,887
5,142
4,881
4,115
4,677
Slum or
vacant
site
Slum .
c c c c c
t:
97 percent
vacant.
65 percent
slum.
75 percent
vacant.
S lum ____
I sjiun SuiffOMp jo jsqamxj
125
74
970
723
858
896
690
744
108
701
P roject No.
4£
La-1-1..
La-1-2_____
7
I
L
La-1-5_____
La-1-7
L a-1 -8_____
Md-1-1
Md-2-1 .
P roject location and
name
n a
1 2 s
a ® .2
0—5 ; • cr
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w —- qZ
Magnolia St _ _ _ _ ___
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$517
3 co
ID 04
893
872
C$O 2
CJ
MQ s ci CD
£o ■ Wj
•S
9 jsoo
UOIJOnjJSUOO J9£J
$1, 967
2.378
2,252
3,028
2,922
2,707
3,021
2,894
2,994
3,181
2,956
2,897
cost of
ing u n
T
Q
s moi,
$2, 484
2,942
2,758
3,752
3,815
3,579
3,689
3, 659
3,935
3,936
3, 720
3, 594
/er-all ।
r dwell
f soijqiOBj SmnoAipuojsi
$374
g s
o
IO
828
863
CO
3
CM OO
co
co
co
MQ
1,018
O A 'q g Dwelling facilities ® -0 o 3 § < S ___________________ 3 o "5
fl Q liirri n r Ah fl .JL< '"O < o -74s - i « A s 8 £ h ,-4 2 ; h £ w h o S a
N eYwo nYkoerrks—: CMonutilnfuoerdd. N Y -3 -1 ____ 552 S lum _____ $5,223 $322 $1,051 $3,850 $3,163 $687 $3,481,274 $2,883,091 $598,183 0 3-story and basem ent apart-
Gardens. m ents.
N orth Carolina: C harlotte:
P iedm o n t C o u rts____ N C -3 -1 ____ 256 75 percent 3,137 70 231 2,836 2,345 491 852,018 802,963 29,067 $19,988 2-story row houses and
vacant. flats.
P iedm o n t C ourts Ad- N C -3 -1 A ... 108 ...d o ________ 3,248 0 516 2,732 2,265 467 350,789 350,789 0 0 2-story row houses.
dition.
E airview H om es_____ N C -3 -2 ____ 452 95 percent 2,839 46 248 2,545 2,074 471 1,302,115 1,283,204 6,466 12,445 2-story row houses, 2-story
vacant. flats.
Raleigh:
C havis H eights______ N C -3 -1 ____ 231 55 percent 3,721 55 541 3,125 2,493 632 986,277 859,539 103,800 22,938 2-story row houses.
vacant.
Halifax C o u rt________ N C -2 -2 ____ 23 1 95 percent 4,300 185 720 3,395 2,731 664 1,021,681 993,225 23,512 4,944 Do.
vacant.
Wilmington:
Charles T . N esb it N C -1 -1 R ... 216 70 percent 4,032 144 547 3,341 2,701 640 901,354 870,863 30,491 0 2-story row houses and
C ourts. vacant. flats.
N ew Brooklyn H om es. N C -1 -2 R ... 246 70percent 3,878 129 529 3,220 2,570 650 1,057,837 953,994 75,380 28,463 2-story row houses, 2-story
slum. flats.
Ohio: Akron: E lizab eth P ark Ohio-7-1 276 80 percent 4,315 277 853 3,185 2,507 678 1,383,676 1,191,036 192,640 0 2-story row houses, 2-story
slum. row houses and flats.
C iWnciinntnoant iT: errace Ohio-4-1 . 75 0 V a c a n t- 4,297 46 990 3,261 2,655 606 3,323,089 3,222,834 0 100,255 2-story row houses and
flats, 1-story row houses,
2-story row houses.
L aurel Homes Addi- Ohio-4-3___ 264 S lum _____ 4,438 636 329 3,473 2,793 680 1,171,733 1,171,733 («) 0 3 -an d 4-story ap artm en ts.
tion.
ClVevaellleaynvdi:ew Homes Ohio-3-1 58- 75 percent 5 ,464 508 789 *4,167 3,441 726 3,554,643 3,180,173 374,470 0 2-story row houses, 2-story
I slum. | row houses and flats.
368
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369
370
TABLE 7. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—S um m ary of USHA-aided p ro jects for which awards of main con stru ction co n tra cts have been approved as of June 30, 1940—Continued
E stim ated over-all cost of new housing E stim ated cost of entire
per dwelling u n it project
q 2 - Dwelling facilities ® ■“ §*
Ml 'S -2 --------- -;------------------- O >
P roject location and Pmipot Mn ~ h " § .2 2 a a 'S a . . nam e P roject No. v acan t § « o £ 2 03 “ S tructures
site S a 03 o o %
2o S °g- 2 5 S 2 a ? § 8 S § fe
S 2 a r t 3 - ' 3 g > 3 s a 'g
5 o 8 o o a §
Z H O 55
P uerto Rico:
Ponce:
Ponce D e L eon______ P R -1 -1 ____ 300 V a c a n t... $1,749 $197 $259 $1,293 $1,091 $202 $524,690 $524,690 0 0 2-story flats and a p a rtP
o r t u g u e s m ents. R iv er P R -1 -4 ____ 152 ...d o ______ 1,819 312 241 1,266 1,079 187 276,466 276,466 0 0 Do.
Homes.
P . R . Hsg. A u th . P R -3 -1 ____ 210 ...d o ______ 2,000 315 347 1,338 1,183 155 419,956 419,956 0 0 1-story detached houses.
(F ajardo), D r. S an tiago
Veve Calzada.
San Ju an : L as C a sa s.... P R -2 -1 ____ 420 ...d o ______ 1,908 153 198 1,557 1,329 228 801,501 801,501 0 0 2-story flats and a p a rtm
ents.
South Carolina: Charleston:
R o b ert M ills M a n o r.. SC-1-1_____ 140 S lum _____ 4,876 509 791 3,576 2,939 637 780,413 682,600 $97,813 0 2-story row houses, 2-story
flats. A n s o n B o r o u g h SC -1-3_____ 162 ...d o ______ 3,662 361 569 2,732 2,268 464 701,664 593,205 108,459 0 1-story row houses.
Homes. W ra g g B o r o u g h SC-1-4_____ 128 ...d o ______ 3,756 480 487 2,789 2,305 484 641,948 480,785 161,163 0 1-story row houses, L story
Homes. tw in houses.
R o b ert Mills M anor SC -1-6_____ 129 90 percent 4,267 812 444 3,011 2,512 499 620,218 550,497 69,721 0 2-story row houses, 3-story
E xtension. slum. row houses an d flats.
Colum bia:
Gonzales G ardens____ SC -2-1_____ 236 S lum _____ 3,874 293 484 3,097 2,487 610 995,507 914,186 81,321 0 2-story row houses and
flats.
Allen-Benedict C o u rt. SC -2-2____ 244 ...d o ______ 3,619 137 564 2,918 2,277 641 984,251 882,993 91,117 $10,141 1-story row houses, 2-story
row houses an d flats. T ennessee: Chattanooga:
College H ill C o u rts ... T en n -4 -1 .— 497 ...d o ______ 4,426 285 577 3,564 2,911 653 2,438,758 2,199,687 239,071 0 2- and 3-story row houses
an d flats, 2-story flats,
2-story row houses.
E a st L ake C o u rts------ T en n -4 -2R .. 437 V a c a n t.... 4,267 72 651 3,544 2,866 678 1,864,801 1,864,801 0 0 2-story row houses, 1 -and
... . K ingsport : 2-story row houses.
R o b ert E . Lee H om es. T e n n -6 -1 .... 128 85 percent 3,508 91 396 3,021 2,503 518 452,142 448,961 3,181 0 2-story row houses, 2-story _R.i vervi. ew ------------------ „ vacant. row houses an d flats. T e n n -6 -2 .... 48 V a c a n t.... 3,289 48 279 2,962 2,441 521 157,875 157,875 0 0 Do
Knoxville:
W estern H eig h ts-------- T e n n -3 -1 .... 244 ...d o ______ 5,117 85 1,319 3,713 2,955 758 1,248,511 1,248,511 0 0 1-story row houses, 2-story „ row houses, 2-story flats. College H om es----------- T enn-3-2..._ 320 S lum -------- 4,481 161 756 3,564 2,844 720 1,547,036 1,434,008 113,028 0 2-story row houses, 2-story A ustin H om es----------- „ row houses and flats. T e n n -3 -3 .... 200 75 percent 4,093 159 646 3,288 2,599 689 867,702 818,540 49,162 0 Do.
slum.
Memphis:
L am ar T errace----------- T e n n -1 -1 .... 478 S lum _____ 4,617 381 716 3,520 2,878 642 2,516,952 2,206,977 309,975 0 Do.
W m .H . Foote Homes T en n -1 -2 R .. 900 ...d o ______ 4,306 399 536 3,371 2,733 638 4,461,710 3,874,969 586,741 0 2-story row houses and
Nashville: flats.
Boscobel H eig h ts------- T e n n -5 -1 .... 350 60 percent 3,785 122 504 3,159 2,468 691 1,391,591 1,324,598 66,993 0 2-story row houses, 2-story
„ J. _ „ slum . row houses and flats. C. N ap ier H om es.. T e n n -5 -2 .... 332 S lum _____ 3,724 170 465 3,089 2,405 684 1,346,635 1,236,321 110,314 0 Do. T exas: A ustin:
Chalm ers St. and Ad- Tex-1-(1 & 162 ...d o ______ 3,965 242 509 3,214 2,659 555 663,927 642,300 21,627 0 1-story row houses, 2-story
dition. 1A). row houses, 1- and 2-
sto ry row houses and
flats.
Rosewood and Addi- T ex -l-(2 & 130 V a c a n t.... 3,946 120 856 2,970 2,468 502 512,967 512,967 0 0 1-story row houses, 2-story
tion. 2A). row houses, 2-story row
houses and flats.
S anta R ita ----------------- T ex-1-3____ 40 ___ d o____ 3,591 205 712 2,674 2,145 529 146,264 143,626 0 2,638 1-story row houses.
B ro w n sv ille : B u e n a T ex -7 -1 .... 150 S lum _____ 3,627 274 645 2,708 2,250 458 587,933 544,022 30,240 13,671 „ 1-story row houses, 2-story V ida- , . row houses.
C orpus C hristi:
K inney Place an d Ad- T e x -8 -(lR 158 33 percent 3,541 193 562 2,786 2,257 529 593,960 559,518 34,442 0 2-story row houses, 2-story
dition. & IR A ). slum. row houses an d flats.
N av arro P lace----------- T e x -8 -2 R ... 210 S lum _____ 3,320 265 452 2,603 2,077 526 749,482 697,285 52,197 0 1-story row houses, 2-story
row houses, 2-story row
houses an d fl a ts, D. N . L eathers Cen- T e x -8 -3 R ... 98 V a c a n t.... 3,802 486 511 2,805 2,200 605 372,555 372,555 0 0 Do.
ter.
E l Paso:
A lam ito------------------ Tex-3-1____ 314 S lum _____ 3,216 294 363 2,559 2,131 428 1,174,014 1,009,787 140,711 23,516 Do.
T ay s P lace__________ T ex-3-2____ । 311 ...d o ______ 3,585 255 474 2,856 2,366 490 1,264,642 1,115,000 149,642 0 Do.
F or footnotes, see p. 359.
371
TABLE 7. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—S um m a ry of USHA-aided p ro jects for which awards of main
co n stru ctio n co n tra cts have been approved as of June 30, 1940—Continued
S tructures
1- and 2-story row houses,
2-story row houses and
flats.
Do.
2-story row houses.
2-story row houses, 2-story
row houses an d flats.
1-story row houses, 2-story
row houses, 2-story row
houses and flats.
1-story row houses, 2-story
row houses.
2-story flats.
2-story row houses, 2-story
row houses an d flats.
Do.
E stim ated cost of entire
project
01 JUOUI
-dojOAop ojnjnj joj ptreq
0
0
$18, 303
37,312
0
0
0
8, 637
0
Q UA\Op UJO?
oq o; sSuippnq tnnjs
$123, 363
103, 575
26, 591
228,160
56,830
484, 520
41, 491
41, 415
5, 972
? Sursnoq
mou jo jsoo qe-ioAo
$1,080,151
949, 993
1, 453,249
1, 349,895
851,428
3, 475,010
725,354
493,843
237, 988
s imoq
$1, 203, 514
1,053,568
1, 498,143
1,615, 367
908, 258
3, 959, 530
766,845
543, 895
243, 960
E stim ated over-all cost of new housing
per dwelling u n it
D
‘Z
bCi
Es
P
» peoqjOAO
pun s09j (sjoej
-iqam ‘jtrauKlmbq
$615
। 514
589
663
413
365
540
551
561
s jsoo
uoponjjsuoo
$2, 537
2,399
2,740
2, 524
1,927
2,247
1,987
2,393
2,362 j
Pdoq
$3, 152
2,913
3, 329
3,187
2, 340
2,612
2,527
2,944
2,923
t saipqocj SujqoMpuojq;
$700
690
599
486
607
586
440
443
416
s juorudo
-joAop jirosaid joj pucq
$434
197
109
381
183
531
106
244
161
8 lEJOJ,
$4, 286
3,800
4,037
4,054
3,130
3,729
3,073
3,631
3,500
Slum or
vacant
site
S lum _____
...d o ______
80 percent
vacant. S lum _____
...d o ______
...d o ______
50 percent
slum.
S lum _____
50 percent
slum.
i spun SujipAip jo joqranjq
252
250
360
333
272
932
236
136
68
P roject No.
T ex-4-1____
Tex-4-2____
T ex-5-1____
T ex-5-2____
Tex-11-1___
T ex-6-1____
T ex-6-4____
V a-2-1_____
V a-2-2_____
P roject location and
name
T exas—C ontinued.
F o rt W orth:
R ipley Arnold Place - _
Butler Place
Houston:
C uney H om es_______
L yons-N ance________
Laredo: G uadalupe ____
San Antonio:
Alazan Courts_____
W heatley C o u rts____
Virginia: Bristol:
Wm. L. Rice T errace.
Johnson C o u rt_______
372
West Virginia: Charleston:
W ashington M a n o r... W V a -1 -1 ... 304 S lum ------- 4,472 352 622 3,498 2,824 674 1,495,510 1,359,385 136,125 0 3-story ap artm en ts, 3-story
combination flats and
L ittlepage T errace row houses ----- W V a -1 -2 ... 170 V a c a n t.... 5,128 534 819 3,775 3,095 680 871,828 871,828 0 0 2-story row houses, 3-story
ap artm en ts, 3-story flats
... ,. H u n tin g t.o n : and row houses.
W ashington S q u a re ... W V a -4 -1 ... 80 S lum ____ 4,745 499 586 3,660 2,967 693 425,258 379,591 45,667 0 . . 2-story row houses, 2-story x, xx tt N o rth co tt C o u rt . „ . , row houses and flats. -------- W V a -4 -2 ... 136 ....d o ______ 4,512 490 561 3,461 2,798 663 622,083 613,649 8,434 0 Do.
M arcum T errace------- W V a -4 -3 ... 284 V a c a n t.... 4,537 143 744 3,650 2,940 710 1,288,398 1,288,398 0 0 Do.
M artin sb u rg :
A d a m S te p h e n W V a -6 -1 ... 4 8 d o____ 3,827 61 435 3,331 2,684 647 183,739 183,739 0 0 Do.
Homes.
H oratio Gates Village. W V a -6 -2 ... 5 2 do____ 3,821 110 484 3,227 2,594 633 198,678 198,678 0 0 Do.
M o u n t Hope: S tad ium . W V a -7 -1 ... 70 ....d o ____ 4,384 126 823 3,435 2,838 597 310,062 306,868 0 3,194 2-story tw in houses.
T errace-Dubois Homes
F o r footnotes, see p. 359.
373
TABLE 8. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—A ver age family
size, rent, and income in VSHA-aided projects for which management
resolutions have been approved
[Reports received as of June 30,1940J
Project location and name Project No.
Number
of
dwelling
units 1
Average
family
size2
Average
monthly
shelter
rent per
dwelling
unit’
Average
annua]
family
income2
Total_______________________________ 64 projects________ 22,807 3.90 $12.92 $787
California:
San Francisco: Holly Courts . CAL-1-1_________ 118 3.70 13.78 830
Connecticut:
Bridgeport: Yellow Mill Village.. _____ CONN-1-1______ 1, 251
167
4. 40 12. 90 1,000
Florida:
Daytona Beach: Pine Haven.. ______ FLA-7-1_________ 3.19 7. 36 470
Fort Lauderdale: Dixie Court. _______ FLA-10-1________ 150 4. 00 7. 80 555
Jacksonville: Brentwood Park FLA-1-1_________ 230 *3. 61 10. 64 *699
Miami:
Edison Courts________________________ FLA-5-1_________ 345 *3.42 11.90 *707
Liberty Square Addition FLA-5-2_________ 352 3. 30 8. 05 541
Liberty Square Addition ............ FLA-5-3_________ 378 4. 00 6. 32 442
Pensacola: Attucks Court ___________ FLA-6-2_________ 120 3. 39 8. 22 482
St. Petersburg: Jordan Park. _________ FLA-2-1_________ 242 4.00 8. 85 525
Tampa: North Boulevard Homes. _ FLA-3-1 R_______ 534 4. 20 8.55 583
Georgia:
Augusta:
Olmsted Homes______ ____________ GA-1-1__________ 167 4. 20 10.35 665
Sunset Homes_______________________ GA-1-2. ________ 168 4. 40 8. 52 498
Indiana:
Vincennes: Major Bowman Terrace IND-2-1_________ 83 *4.16 8. 85 *612
Kentucky:
Frankfort: Leestown Terrace... .. __ KY-3-1__________ 91 3.08 9.86 750
Louisville:
Clarksdale .. KY-1-1__________ 786 3. 96 13.00 75.0
Beecher Terrace KY-1-2_________ 808 3. 50 10.22 627
Maryland:
Annapolis: College Creek Terrace . MD-1-1__________ 107 3.34 11.09 802
Nebraska:
Omaha: South Side Terrace Homes NEBR-1-1_______ 522 4.10 13. 35 851
New Jersey:
Elizabeth: Mravlag Manor... _______ NJ-3-1___________ 423 4.05 14.74 868
Long Branch: Garfield Court NJ-8-1___________ 127 3.70 12.92 925
Newark:
Seth Boyden Court __ NJ-2-1___________ 530 4. 05 17.86 1.000
Pennington Court ... _________ NJ-2-2___________ 236 *3.74 13.79 *913
Stephen Crane Village NJ-2-6___________ 354 4.00 17.72 1,000
North Bergen: Meadow View Village... NJ-4-1___________ 172 4.05 13. 73 925
Perth Amboy: William Dunlap Homes. NJ-6-1................. 258 4.00 12. 48 869
Trenton:
Lincoln Homes. __ _ ___________ NJ-5-1___________ 118 3.70 11.06 817
Mayor Donnelly Homes __________ NJ-5-2___________ 376 3.74 15.47 927
New York:
Buffalo;
Lakeview _ . ____ ___________ NY-2-1__________ 668 *3.86 13.35 *976
Willert Park ________________________ NY-2-2__________ 173 *3.02 12. 91 *891
Commodore Perry NY-2-3__________ 772 4. 01 13.22 825
Syracuse: Pioneer Homes NY-1-1__________ 678 3.97 13. 72 834
Utica: Adrean Terrace NY-6-1__________ 213 4. 88 12. 71 800
Yonkers: Mulford Gardens NY-3-1__________ 552 3.70 16. 65 1,110
Ohio:
Cleveland:
Valleyview Homes ______ OHIO-3-1_______ 582 4.10 13.49 817
Woodhill Homes _______ OHIO-3-4_______ 568 3.70 15.38 790
Dayton* De Soto Bass Courts \____ OHIO-5-2. _____ 200 3.80 12. 72 797
Toledo- Charles F. Weiler Homes OHIO-6-1_______ 384 4.00 14.00 839
Youngstown: Westlake Terrace________ OHIO-2-1_______ 618 3.60 12.43 1,020
374
TABLE 8. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY —Average family
size, rent, and income in USHA-aided projects for which management
resolutions have been approved—Continued
[Reports received as of June 30, 1940]
Project location and name Project No.
Number
of
dwelling
units i
Average
family
size 1 2
Average
monthly
shelter
rent per
dwelling
unit3
Average
annual
family
income 3
Pennsylvania:
Allentown: Hanover Acres_____ PA-4-1. 322 4. 65
4.00
$13. 99
12. 70
$878
Philadelphia: Jas. W. Johnson Homes PA-2-1___________ 535 915
Pittsburgh:
Terrace Village I. ____________ PA-1-1
Bedford Dwellings _________ ... __ PA-1-2 3,073 4. 01 16. 33 778
Terrace Village II____________ PA-1-3
South Carolina:
Charleston:
Robert Mills Manor______ .. . SC-1-1 *3. 71 12.26 f(SC-l-l)
1 *779
f( SC-1-3)
1 *438
Robert Mills Manor Extension SC-1-6...
J 266
Anson Borough Homes_____ . ______ SC-1-3. *3.93 7. 50 Wragg Borough Homes___________ ... SC-1-4.
} 290
Tennessee:
Chattanooga:
College Hill Courts______ ________ TENN-4-1 497
437
3.61
3. 67
9.06
10. 30
625
East Lake Courts_________ TENN-4-2R_____ 680
Knoxville:
Western Heights___________ _____... TENN-3-1 244 3.90
4.10
3.80
11.16
10. 01
14.46
659
631
636
College Homes. ___________ TENN-3-2 320
Memphis: Lamar Terrace_______ TENN-1-1______ 478
Texas:
Austin:
Chalmers St___________ . __________ TEX-1-1 86 *3. 36
*3.34
*4. 06
4. 20
8. 62
6. 97
6. 59
9.59
13.03
*661
*511
*576
751
618
Rosewood_____________ . TEX-1-2 60
Santa Rita.. _______________ TEX-l-3 40
Corpus Christi: Kinney Place . . TEX-8-1 R 134
Houston: Cuney Homes . _______ . . TEX-5-1 360 3.50
West Virginia:
Charleston:
Washington Manor_____ W VA-1-1 304 3. 66
3. 65
10. 50
15. 00
680
Littlepage Terrace_______ . W VA-1-2 170 1,000
Huntington:
Washington Square ________________ W VA-4-1 80 3. 59
3.45
3.85
10.16
10. 75
14.98
640
Northcott Court. _ _________ W VA-4-2 136 640
Marcum Terrace___ _____ W VA-4-3_______ 284
Mount Hope: Stadium Terrace—Dubois
Homes___________________ W VA-7-1 70 4.40 11.88 759
1 Figures m this column are based on management resolutions at the time of their final approval. Since
the number of dwelling units may vary at different stages of pro ject development, minor variations may be
noted between this column and those in USHA tables 7,9, and 12.
2 The asterisk (*) indicates actual averages for projects shown in this table which were at least 95 percent
occupied on June 30, 1940; other averages are estimated or anticipated.
3 Shelter rent means the charge for the use of a dwelling excluding all utilities (such as water, heat, heating
of water, light, cooking fuel, and refrigeration energy).
375
TABLE 9. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Number of dwelling
units opened for occupancy in USHA-aided projects, and number
and percentage occupied, as of June 30, 1940
Dwelling units
Occupied
Project location and name Project No. Total
in project
Opened
for occupancy
Number
Percentage
of units
opened
for
occupancy
1 2 3 4
Total___________________________________________ 35 projects... 14,437 13, 566 11,963 88.2
California:
San Francisco: Holly Courts___________ _ Cal-l-l____ 118 118 48 40.7
Florida:
Daytona Beach: Pine Haven----------------------------- _ _ Fla-7-1_____ 167 167 96 57.5
Jacksonville: Brentwood Park________ _ _____ Fla-1-1_____ 2 230 229 229 100.0
Miami: Edison Courts__________________ _________ Fla-5-1_____ 345 344 331 96.2
St. Petersburg: Jordan Park______ ____ Fla-2-1_____ 242 242 126 52.1
West Palm Beach: Dunbar Village_________ ______ Fla-9-1____ 246 246 44 17.9
Georgia:
Augusta:
Olmsted Homes____ ___ _ _________ Ga-1-1_____ 167 167 146 87.4
Sunset Homes... . ... .. . ____ . . Ga-1-2_____ 168 168 152 90.5
Columbus: Booker T. Washington Apartments____ Ga-4-2_____ 288 287 203 70.7
Indiana:
Vincennes: Major Bowman Terrace________________ Ind-2-1____ 83 83 83 100.0
Michigan:
Detroit: Brewster Addition-------------------------------------- Mich-1-1___ 240 148 148 100.0
Nebraska:
Omaha: South Side Terrace Homes________________ Nebr-1-1___ 522 522 438 83.9
New Jersey:
Elizabeth: Mravlag Manor________ NJ-3-1_____ 423 297 225 75.8
Newark: Pennington Court______ ______ NJ-2-2_____ 236 236 236 100.0
New York:
Buffalo:
Lake view ______ _ ______________ _ _ _ NY-2-1____ 3 668 665 658 98.9
Willert Park_____________________________________ NY-2-2____ 173 173 171 98.8
New York:
Red Hook. ------------- ---------------------- ... . ----- NY-5-1____ 4 2,545 2,544 2, 543 99.9
Queensbridge_____________________________________ NY-5-2____ 3,149 3,149 3.148 99.9
Syracuse: Pioneer Homes----------------------------------------- NY-1-1____ 678 678 538 79.4
Utica: Adrean Terrace______________________________ NY-6-1____ 213 213 59 27.7
North Carolina:
Wilmington: New Brooklyn Homes________________ NC-1-2R... 246 18 5 27.8
Ohio:
Columbus: Poindexter Village---------------------------------- Ohio-1-1___ 426 370 257 69.5
Davton: DeSoto Bass Courts__________ . ... Ohio-5-2___ 200 200 175 87.5
Toledo: Charles F. Weiler Homes__________________ Ohio-6-1___ 384 384 344 89.6
Youngstown: Westlake Terrace-------------------------------- Ohio-2-1___ 618 498 436 87.6
Pennsylvania:
Allentown: Hanover Acres--------------------------------------- Pa-4-1_____ 322 322 267 82.9
South Carolina:
Charleston:
Robert Mills Manor--------------------------------------- _ _ SC-1-1_____ 140 140 140 100.0
Anson Borough Homes------------------------------------------ SC-1-3_____ 162 162 162 100.0
Tennessee:
Memphis: Lamar Terrace----------------------------------------- Tenn-1-1___ 478 236 236 100.0
Texas:
Austin: Chalmers St. _ _ _ ----------------------------------- Tex-1-1____ 86 86 85 98.8
Rosewood---------- -------- --------------------------------------- Tex-1-2____ 60 60 60 100.0
Santa Rita__________________ ___________________ Tex-1-3____ 40 40 40 100.0
Corpus Christi: Kinney Place (part I)--------------------- Tex-8-lR... 134 134 59 44.0
West Virginia:
Charleston: Littlepage Terrace--------------------------------- W Va-1-2... 170 170 53 31.2
Mount Hope: Stadium Terrace-Dubois Homes_____ W Va-7-1... 70 70 22 31.4
i It should be pointed out that for certain projects the number of units shown as available for occupancy
became available only shortly before June 30, 1940, which accounts for the relatively low percentage of occupancy
for those projects.
21 dwelling unit is being used as a nursery school.
3 3 dwelling units over boiler room not yet rentable.
41 dwelling unit is being used as a model.
376
TABLE 10. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.-—Rural housing p ro jects assisted by the United S tates Housii
A u th o rity w ith th e cooperation of th e D epartm en t of Agriculture, as of June 30, 1940
Loan con- E stim ated an n u al shelter ren t per dwelling u n it2 Average estim ated costs per t r a c t _____________________________________________ ;_______
dwelling u n it1 am ounts
T o tal esti- based on 4-room house 5-room house
N um b er __ ____________ ___ ____________ m ated 90 p e r - _______________________________________________________________ P roject location P roject No. of dwell- develop- cent of
ing u n its o n m en t esti- T en an t T en an t
N et con- Dwelling L. "i cost m ated allow- allowstruc-
facilities develop- T o tal anee for Cash T o tal ance for Cash
tio n cost cost housing m en t m ain- main-
6 cost tenance tenance
T o ta l---------------------------- 6 projects----- 1,300 $1,581 $1,924 $2,158 $2,805,000 _________ 4 $63. 60 4 $9. 50 4 $54. 10 4 $72.24 4 $10. 50 4 $61. 74
Lonoke C o u n ty , A rk ------------- A rk-1-1------------ 300 1,550 1, 844 2,093 628,000 $565,000 64.29 9. 50 54. 79 73.41 10.50 62~91
T hom as C o u n ty , G a ------------- Ga-12-1------------ 200 1,405 1,742 1,985 397,000 357,000 61.93 9.50 52.43 69.76 10.50 59.26
Alexander C o u n ty , Ill --------- 111-7-3______ 150 1,545 2,063 2,347 352,000 316,000 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3)
Vigo C o u n ty , In d ------------------ Ind-14-1 _______ 150 1,978 2,349 2,600 390,000 351,000 69.33 9.50 59.83 77.36 10.50 66.86
Lee C o u n ty , M iss----------------- M iss-6-1___ 300 1,570 1,899 2,114 634,000 570,000 62.39 9.50 52.89 71.32 10 50 60 82
D arlin g to n C ounty, S. C ------- SC-5-1_________ 200 1,550 1,841 2,020 404,000 363,000 61.78 9.50 52.28 70.50 10.50 60.00
1 F o r definitions of these costs see p. 182.
2 S helter ren t means th e charge for th e use of a dwelling excluding all u tilities (such as heat, light, cooking fuel and refrigeration energy), except th a t w ater is available
from p riv ate, sealed wells.
3 N o t available.
4 Averages based on 5 projects.
377
TABLE 11. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Defense housing
projects assisted by USHA, as of Oct. 31, 1940
PROJECTS TO BE BUILT AND OPERATED BY LOCAL HOUSING AUTHORITIES UNDER
USHA LOAN CONTRACTS
Project location Project No.
Date construction
contract
awarded
N um b er of dwelling
u n its
Average estimated
costs per dwelling
unit1 2
Estimated
total development
cost
Loan
contract
amounts
Over-all cost
of n e w
housing
Dwelling facilities
cost
N se t r cuocn tion
cost
Grand total 25 projects... 8,133 $31, 369,000
Total__________ _________ 21 projects..— 6,408 $3,745 $3,019 $2,433 $24,144, 000 $24,144,000
Alabama:
Montgomery_______________ Ala-6-4____ 7-27-40 424 3, 350 2,819 2,321 1,450,000 1,450,000
Selma______________________ Ala-8-1.. .. 112 3,625 2,782 2, 251 406,000 406,000
Do_____ Ala-8-2____ 96 3,885 2,877 2,357 373,000 373,000
Connecticut:
Hartford___ __ ..__ Conn-3-4___ 1,000 4, 263 3,393 2,790 4, 307,000 4,307, 000
Florida:
Pensacola.__ __ ___ Fla-6-3_____ 7-27-40 200 3, 575 2,965 2,415 715,000 715,000
Georgia:
Columbus_____________ ______ Ga-4-3_____ 8-30-40 614 3,296 2,584 2,111 2,024,000 2,024.000
Illinois:
Champaign County (Ran- 111-6-3______ 10-16-40 100 4,475 3, 385 2, 556 465,000 465,000
tout).
Moline 111-20-1_____ 200 4, 430 3,517 2, 730 886,000 886,000
Rock Island.. ___ _ 111-18-1_____ 10-12-40 300 4,200 3,412 2,785 1, 260,000 1, 260,000
Rock Island County (East 111-10-1_____ 9-12-40 100 4,150 3, 521 2,775 415,000 415,000
Moline).
Rhode Island:
Newport___________________ R1-5-1_____ 262 4, 218 3, 378 2, 680 1,105,000 1,105, 000
South’Carolina:
Charleston_________________ SC-1-7_____ 9-18-40 400 3, 524 2,966 2,442 1, 416, 000 1,416, 000
Texas:
Corpus Christi_____________ Tex-8-4. 8-21-40 250 3,882 3,167 2,158 989, 000 989, 000
Virginia:
Newport News____________ Va-3-2_____ 9-18-40 350 3,643 3,082 2, 515 1, 275, 000 1, 275,000
Do . . ______________ Va-3-3_____ 150 3, 540 2,988 2,515 531,000 531,000
Norfolk_________________ ____ Va-6-1_____ 10-11-40 500 3,600 2,865 2,342 1, 800,000 1,800,000
Portsmouth__ ....__ Va-1-1_____ 8-20-40 400 3,513 2,955 2, 379 1,418,000 1,418,000
Do _ _____________ Va-1-2_____ 10-31-40 200 3,710 2,935 2,379 742,000 742,000
Washington:
Bremerton Wash-3-1... 450 3,300 2,627 2,100 1,485,000 1, 485,000
Do Wash-3-2... 150 3,453 2,642 2,100 518,000 518,000
Seattle (Sand Point)________ Wash-1-4...— 150 3,666 2,665 2,080 564, 000 564,000
PROJECTS TO BE BUILT BY ARMY OR NAVY WITH FUNDS ALLOCATED BY USHA
AND TO BE OPERATED BY ARMY OR NAVY UNDER LEASE FROM USHA
Total___________________ 4 projects__—1,725 — 2 $7,225,000
Alaska:
Anchorage__________________
California:
Mare Island________________
Canal Zone________________
New Hampshire:
Portsmouth________________
War-1______
Navy-2____
Navy-1____
Navy-3.........
10-4-40
10-29-40
325
600
400
400
1, 625,000
2,400,000
1,600,000
1,600,000
1 For definitions of these costs see p. 182.
2 Amount allocated.
378
TABLE 12. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Equivalent elimination
of unsafe or insanitary dwellings according to local authorities’
reports received and reviewed as of June 30, 1940
Project location and name Project No.
Closing
date of
last
report
Number
of
new
dwelling
units
in
project1
Number of units eliminated
Percentage
of elimination
completed
Total
units
eliminated
Total
on
project
site
Total
off
project
site2
Total_____________________ 118 projects_____—48,362 31,237 13,881 17,356 63.9
Alabama:
Birmingham: Elyton Village-
Mobile:
Ala-1-1________ 5- 1-40 860 478 18 460 55.6
Oak Lawn Homes___________ Ala-2-1________ 6- 1-40 100 68 35 33 68.0
Orange Grove Homes_______
Colorado:
Ala-2-2......... ........ 6 -1 40 298 201 136 65 67.4
Denver: Lincoln Park.....___
Florida:
Colo—1—2- - ______ 12-31-39 346 80— 80 23.1
Daytona Beach: Pine Haven.. Fla-7-l_________ 3-31-40 167 6 2 4 Fort Lauderdale: Dixie Court.. 3 6 Fla-10-1________ 11- 4-39 150 12 12 8. 0 St. Petersburg: Jordan Park...
Tampa:
Fla-2-1_________ 7-31-39 242 55 34 21 22.7
North Boulevard Homes____ Fla-3-lR_______ 12-31-39 534 425 279 146 79.6 Riverview Terrace_______ _
Georgia:
Fla-3-3_________ 2-29-40 328 36 — 36 11.0
Augusta:
Olmsted Homes_____________
Sunset Homes______________
Gilbert Manor______________
Columbus:
Ga-1-1_________
Ga-l-2_________
Ga-1-3R_______
5-31-40
1 167
f 168
( 278
242 180 62 39.5
Geo. Foster Peabody Apartments.
Ga-4-lR_______ 1-13-40 360 187 187— 51.9
Booker T. Washington Apartments.
Ga-4-2_________ 7-24-39 288 132 132— 45.8
Do______________________
Macon:
Ga-4-2 A_______ 2-16-40 104 26 26— 25.0
Oglethorpe Homes__________ Ga-7-1_________ 5-14-40 188 67 63 4 35.6
Tindall Heights_____________ Ga-7-2________ 5-14-40 318 138 115 23 43.4 Marietta: Clay Homes________
Rome:
Ga-10-1________ 5-28-40 108 18— 18 16.7
De Soto Homes_____________
Altoview Terrace____________
Illinois:
Ga-5-1_________
Ga-5-2_________
jl2-31-39 242 197 79 118 81.4
Chicago: Ida B. Wells Homes..
Peoria:
111-2-1__________ (’) 1,662 1, 710 — 100.0
Col. John Warner Homes___ I1I-3-1R- 1-31-40 487 214 212 2 43.9
Harrison Homes____________
Indiana:
111-3-2__________ 1-31-40 606 129 20 109 21.3
Muncie: Munsyana Homes___ Ind-5-1________ 12-31-39 278 83 82 1 29.9
Vincennes: Maj. Bowman Terrace.
Ind-2-1________ 3-18-40 83 52 1 51 62.7
Kentucky:
Covington:
Latonia Terrace_____________ Ky-2-1_________ 2- 1-40 235 178 39 139 75.7
Jacob Price Homes__________
Frankfort: Leestown Terrace...
Ky-2-2_________
Ky-3-1_________
2- 1-40
3-31-40
163
91
163
2
163
1 1
100.0
2.2
Lexington: Charlotte Courts...
Louisville:
Ky-4-2_________ 2-29-40 206 137 39 98 66.5
Clarksdale._________________ Ky-1-1_________ 9-15-39 786 786 786 100.0
Beecher Terrace_____________
Paducah:
Ky-1-2_________ 9-15-39 808 833 824 9 100.0
Thomas Jefferson Place_____
Abraham Lincoln Court____
Maryland:
Ky-6-1_________
Ky-6-2_________
3-15-40
3-15-40
125
74
49
34
49
34
— 39.2
45.9
Annapolis: College Creek Terrace.
Md-1-1________ 9-20-39 108 53 18 35 49. 1
Baltimore: Edgar Allen Poe
Homes.
Md-2-4________ 8- 1-39 298 298 298— 100.0
Frederick:
North Bentz Street project... Md-3-1________ 6- 1-40 79 56 6 50 70.9
Lincoln Apartments________ Md-3-2________ 6 -1-40 50 50 8 42 100.0
For footnotes, see p. 381.
274771—41----25
379
TABLE 12. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Equivalent elimination
of unsafe or insanitary dwellings according to local authorities’
reports received and reviewed as of June 30, 1940—Continued
Num- Number of units elimber
of inated Per-
Closing new centage
Project location and name Project No. date of
last
dwelling
Total Total Total
of elimination
report units units on off comin
elim- project project pleted
project1 inated site site 2
Massachusetts:
New Bedford: Presidential Mass-7-2_______ 11-27-39 198 46 46 23.2
Heights.
Michigan:
Detroit:
Brewster Addition__________ Mich-1-1____ (3) 240
Parkside Addition__________ Mich-1-2_______ (3) 355
j- 615
236 379 22.4
J. Herman Gardens.._______ Mich-1-4_______ (3) 2,150
Montana:
Butte: Silver Bow Homes____ Mont-3-1______ 11-30-39 225 115 115 51.1
New Jersey:
Asbury Park: Asbury Park NJ-7-1_________ 5-15-40 126 126 115 11 100.0
Village.
Atlantic City: Jonathan Pitney NJ-14-1________ 10-31-39 333 128 128 38.4
Village.
Camden: C.T. Branch Village. NJ-10-1________ 3- 1-40 279 116 116 41.6
Elizabeth: Mravlag Manor NJ-3-1_________ 3- 4-40 423 85 85 20 1
Jersey City_________ .._ ... NJ-9-1_________ 10-31-38 490 38 38 7.8
Long Branch: Garfield Court... NJ-8-1_________ 5-31-40 127 120 15 115 100.0
Newark:
Pennington Court___________ NJ-2-2_________ 12- 1-39 236 22 22 9 3
Jas. M. Baxter Terrace______ NJ-2-5_________ 3- 1-40 614 236 236 38 4
North Bergen: Meadow View NJ-4-1_________ 10-31-39 172 79 71 8 45.9
Village.
Perth Amboy: William Dun- NJ-6-1________ 3- 1-40 258 24 24 9.3
lap Homes.
Trenton:
Lincoln Homes NJ-5-1 10-25-19 118 35 27 8 29.7
Mayor Donnelly Homes. _ . NJ-5-2._______ 11- 1-39 376 85 68 17 22.6
New York:
Buffalo:
Lakeview___________ ... NY-2-1________ 6- 1-40 668 395 45 350 59 1
Willert Park________________
New York:
NY-2-2________ 6- 1-40 173 174 105 69 100.0
Red Hook Houses___________ NY-5-1________ 3-23-39 2,545 2,157 262 1, 895 84.8
Queensbridge Houses_______ NY-5-2________ 9-12-38 3,149 3, 059 89 2,970 97.1
Viadeck Houses___ _ . ____ NY-5-3________ 8-17-39 1,531 1, 531
448
1,531
117
100.0
South Jamaica Houses______ NY-5-4______ 9-26-39 '448 331 100.0
East River Houses ... NY-5-5 2-16-39 1 170 1,151
1,166
1,151
1,166
399
98 4
Kingsboro Houses___________ NY-5-6________ 8-15-38 1, 356 86.0
Clason Point Houses.. _. .. NY-5-7________ 9-12-38 412 ' 399 96.8
Svracuse: Pioneer Homes.. ._ NY-1-1________ 8-30-39 678 706 556 150 100. 0
Utica: Adrean Terrace________ NY-6-1 _______ 11-30-39 213 144 144 67.6
Yonkers: Mulford Gardens...
North Carolina:
NY-3-1________ 8-15-39 552 560 324 236 100.0
Charlotte:
Piedmont Courts____________ NC-3-1 2 29-40 256 48 34 14 18.8
Fairview Homes .. _ NC-3-2 2-29-40 452 76 2 74 16.8
Wilmington:
Charles T. Nesbit Courts... NC-1-1R______ 12-31-39 216 18 18 8. 3
New Brooklyn Homes______ NC-1-2R______ 12-31-39 246 93 93 37.8
Ohio:
Akron: Elizabeth Park_____ _ Ohio-7-1_______ 11-30-39 276 137 137 49. 6
Cincinnati: Laurel Homes Ad- Ohio-4-3_______ 3- 1-38 264 264 264 100.0
dition.
Cleveland:
Valleyview Homes .. ___ Ohio-3-1 [ 582
Goodrich site______ _____ Ohio-3-2.
111-31-39
< 627
| 1,777
58 1,719 100.0
Woodhill Homes____ . ___ Ohio-3-4___ ... I 568
Outhwaite Addition________ Ohio-3-3_______ 3-31-40 491 468 124 344 95.3
For footnotes, see p. 381.
380
TABLE 12. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Equivalent elimination
of unsafe or insanitary dwellings according to local authorities’
reports received and reviewed as of June 30, 1940—Continued
Project location and name
Ohio—Continued.
Columbus:
Poindexter Village.._________
Lincoln Park________________
West Rich Street____________
Mount Calvary_____________
Dayton:
McCook Field_______________
De Soto Bass Courts________
Youngstown: Westlake Terrace.
Zanesville: Coopermill Manor.
Pennsylvania:
Allentown: Hanover Acres
McKeesport: E. R. Crawford
Village.
Pittsburgh: Terrace Village II.
Reading: Glenside____________
South Carolina:
Columbia:
Gonzales Gardens__________
Allen-Benedict Court _____
Spartanburg-
Hartwell Courts____________
Hub City Courts__ _________
Tennessee:
Chattanooga-
College Hill Courts_________
East Lake. Courts___________
Knoxville:
Western Heights____________
College Homes________ •_____
Memphis:
Lamar Terrace______________
Wm. H. Foote Homes____ ...
Nashville:
Boscobel Heights____________
J. C. Napier Homes_________
Texas:
Austin:
Chalmers Street and Addition.
Rosewood and Addition_____
Santa Rita___ ______________
Corpus Christi:
Kinney Place and Addition...
Navarro Place_______________
San Antonio: Alazan Courts.
Virginia:
Bristol:
Wm. L. Rice Terrace_______
Johnson Court______________
West Virginia:
Charleston:
Washington Manor_________
Littlepage Terrace__________
Huntington:
Washington Square_________
Northcott Court____________
Marcum Terrace____________
Mount Hope: Stadium Terrace—
Dubois Homes.
Wheeling: Vineyard Hill______
Project No.
Ohio-1-1_______
Ohio-1-2. _____
Ohio-1-3_______
Ohio-1-4_____ .
Ohio-5-1 R_____
Ohio-5-2. _____
Ohio-2-1_______
Ohio-9-1. _____
Pa-4-1_________
Pa-5-1. _______
Pa-1-3____ ...
Pa-9-1_________
SC-2-1_________
SC-2-2________
SC-3-1. _______
SC-3-2_________
Tenn-4-1_______
Tenn-4-2R_____
Tenn-3-1_______
Tenn-3-2_______
Tenn-1-1_______
Tenn-1-2R_____
Tenn-5-1_______
Tenn -5-2_______
Tex-1-(1&1A)_.
Tex-1-(2&2AL .
Tex-1-3________
Tex - 8 - (1R&
IRA).
Tex-8-2R______
Tex-6-1________
Va-2-1_________
Va-2-2_________
W Va-1-1______
W Va-1-2______
W Va-4-1______
W Va-4-2______
W Va-4-3______
W Va-7-1______
W Va-3-2______
Closing
date of
last
report
8-25-39
|10- 1-39
1-31-40
7-12-39
10- 1-39
4-10-39
11-30-39
8-28-29
12-31-39
12-31-39
1- 8-40
(’)
3-31-40
3-31-40
5-31-39
5-31 -40
8-15-39
8-15 39
5-20-39
10- 1-29
4-30 40
4-30-40
}■ 9 30 39
4- 1-40
4- 1-40
12-31-39
4-30-40
4-30-40
11-24-39
11- 5-39
12-31-39
12-31-39
12-31-39
12-31-39
9-30-39
Number
of
new
dwelling
units
in
project1
426
945
604
200
618
324
322
206
1,851
400
236
244
150
120
497
437
244
320
478
900
350
332
[ 162
■ 130
1 40
158
210
932
136
68
304
170
80
136
284
70
300
Numb
Total
units
eliminated
426
183
202
200
220
18
22
287
646
63
69
101
15
10
497
139
129
236
478
900
119
162
113
151
210
1, 073
74
15
199
171
80
21
45
42
75
?r of unit
inated
Total
on
project
site
324
3
93
452
69
101
430
169
288
719
79
125
99
210
929
67
12
152
44
7
s elim-
Total
off
project
site 2
102
183
202
197
127
18
22
287
194
63
15
10
67
139
129
67
190
181
40
37
113
52
144
3
47
171
36
14
45
42
75
Percentage
of elimination
completed
100 0
19.4
33.4
100.0
35.6
5. 6
6.8
100.0
34.9
15.8
J
29.2
41. 4
10.0
8.3
100.0
31.8
52.9
73.8
100.0
100.0
34.0
48.8
34.0
95.6
100.0
100.0
54.4
22.1
65.5
100.0
100.0
15.4
15.8
60.0
25.0
1 The number of dwelling units may vary at different stages of project development. The figures in this
column are based on loan contract estimates, construction contract estimates, or actual dwellings in final
projects, depending upon the development stages of the projects on June 30, 1940. Hence minor variations
may be noted between this column and those in USHA tables 7, 8, and 9.
2 Includes demolition on land owned by municipality; compulsory demolition, closing, repair, or improvement;
and demolition and closing by private owners 2 Not reported.
381
TABLE 13. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Income and expense sta tem e n t of USHA-aided p ro jects in
which any u n its were occupied by June 30, 1940
M ic h -l-l
D etro it, M ich.
$18,819. 90
18, 819. 90
591. 75
19,411.65
8oo§o 1”
mTU-wS 1 1
14,417.65
6,712. 66
773. 41
21,903. 72
1 2,492.07
7
Ind-2-1
Vincennes, In d .
$3,045.28
3,048.78
i i is i
i HS i
i i i i
i 5 5
i B
; or co
1 110.39
4
Ga-4-2
C olum bus,
Ga.
$2,199. 65
2,199. 65
8
§
8 is . i i is i
S is? i i i is i CO 1 1—i i 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i
1, 576.10
495. 84
2,071. 94
127.71
2
IF
$11,365.61
5g
d
11.409.41
SSSfeS i iss
i ill
i i
10, 912. 77
1,908.13
12,820. 90
1 1,411.49
6
Fla-9-1
West P alm
Beach,
Fla.
$352. 41
S3
s*
361.46
w Io 1 1 1 1 1 1
5 : i ; ! : i
| IS i ! i i 1
i i i i i i i
765.41
10. 57
775. 98
1 414. 52
2
Fla-2-1
St. P etersburg,
Fla.
$2,060. 39
38
2,141.45
3,128.89
850. 42
363. 88
106.45
237. 97
4,687. 61
384. 55
5,072.16
1 2, 930. 71
3
Fla-5-1
M iam i, Fla.
$23,186. 96
88
23,451. 95
ig i
ii i
00 |
i S § i 3
i B 5 i §
i £ « i s
2,152. 51
Fla-1-1
Jackson ville,
F la.
$25, 757. 62
25,757.62
25, 757.62
8883 IS IBS
§sssH i§§
1 S 1; l; -‘
14,090. 75
7,400. 89
367.87
21,859. 51
aa
Fla-7-1
D ay to n a
Beach. Fla.
$1,502. 50
1, 502. 50
1, 502. 50
§8S881 i i is i
iiigs i i isq
i i i i
i S 8 i S
i g §; i?
ii ~ ii cf
1 1,284.33
2
Cal-1-1
San
Francisco.
Calif.
$760.05
760.05
760.05
8S35S i i i i i : H
i i ; i i 2,191.83
397.28
2,589.11
i 1,829.06
1
I
£L
ocation_________________________________________
Income:
Dwelling re n t_______________________________... N ondw elling re n t______________________________
T o tal net ren tals___________________________
O th er Incom e__________________________________
T o tal income______________________________
E x p en se:2
Operating services_____________________________
Dwelling u tilities______________________________
R epairs, m aintenance, an d replacem ents_______
C om m u n ity activ ities_________________________
Vacations an d sick leaves______________________
Collection losses_______________________________
In su ran ce ______________________________________
P aym en ts in lieu of taxes______________________ u tn e r expense_________________________________
T o tal expense before reserves----------------------
Reserved for repairs, m aintenance an d replacem
ents ________________________________________
R eserved for vacancy an d collection losses_______
T o tal expense______________________________
N e t income or deficit for period__________________ N um b er of m o n th s o p erated_____________________
382
Ohio-5-2
D ayton,1
$10,302.08
SR
gg
10, 685.85
: 18 : : i ig i i
n'hV II i :
i i i i
9,631.10
1,632. 85
8 1
riI
O IQ -73
i 1
Ohio-1-1
Columbus,
o
$5,813.91
gg
6, 477.46
ssss 1 1 l«l 1
1 1 X 1 1
i : :
• : i : i
ii! i :
7,473. 26
2,067.30
9,540.56
>3,063.10
2
contributior
N C -1-2
W ilm ings
i
& i
s i
I
8 28 : :
: i
11X11
HiiH
i i ■ i i i
702.70
702. 70
* 695. 20
1
STo annual
lap
$1, 043. 51
1,043.51
240.00
1,283.51
S888 I 1 ife is
i i is is
X r
3 g 1
g g i
2,939.79
1 1,656.28
1
xpenses. I
NY-1-1
Syracuse,
£
$35,065.81
35, 065. 81
31.57
35,097.38
12,113.83
736. 90
17,641. 28
3, 217. 53
1,974.23 —
£ 5 I
g g i
S " i
40,761.28
1 5,663. 90
6
operating e
N Y -5 -1 ,2 N ew York,
N . Y.
S3
gg
r
925,996.18
is^
isssf
8 SS
8 S3
§ g‘s’
826,200.29
i 1
N Y -2-1,2
Buffalo.
$109,898. 76
S
110,226.09
igs i
joccov.- .
: !
116,823. 71
34, 369.97
151,193 68
1 40,967. 59
12
rred are not
ilized.
N J-2 -2
Newark.
$16,361.40
104.10
§ i
?s i1
16,465.50
£SS8 :1 1i 1i s. 1: 1: iI 1i ii CJt-O— 1I 1I
i i i i i
14, 212. 05
4, 513.31
18,725.36
i 2, 259.86
4
ip an cy occu
jriod is capits
-qpdqez.ua.
T-g-IN
$7,221.15
2 i
a
:
7,221.15
SSSS8!
i i i
8,856.10
8,856.10
11,634. 95
2
h in itial occi
velopment pc
Nebr-1-1
Omaha.
N ebr.
$19,362.79
gg
s
19,494. 88
Igg :
oocoocY ; 1
: !
22, 009.45
5,884.51
27,893.96
i 8,399.08
3
n th in w hid
uring th e de’
;: ii i
i
11 11 11
i
i :|
I I 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 I I 1
1 1 I 1 I I
i i i i i i !। 1: 1। 1: :1 :>
e, and replaceion
losses_____ :: a?
i i =1
Hi
=s
P roject N o ________________________
T .nnafinn
Income:
Dwelling re n t_______________1 ...
Nondwelling re n t_______________
i i
II
!
•S
1
j
II
Operating services______________
Dwelling u tilities_______________
Repairs, m aintenance and repla<
C om m u n ity activ ities__________
Vacations and sick leaves-----------
Collection losses-------------------------
In su ran ce_______________________ P aym en ts in lieu of taxes_______
Other expense__________________
T otal expense before reserves
Reserved for repairs, m aintenanc
m en ts_______________________
Reserved for vacancy and collect:
T o tal expense-----------------
N et income or deficit for period— N um b er of m onths operated ---------
i Deficit.
2 Preoccupancy expenses prior in th e period covered b y th is report
383
384
TABLE 13. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Income and expense sta tem en t of USHA-aided p ro jects in
which any u n its were occupied by June 30, 1940—Continued
Project N o ----------------------------------------------------- Ohio-6-1 Ohio-2-1 Pa-4-1 SC -1-1.3 Tenn-1-1 Tex-1-1,2,3 T ex -8 -lR W. Va-1-2 W. Va-7-1
L ocation --------------------------------------------------------- Toledo, Youngs- Allentown, Charleston, M em phis, A ustin, Corpus Charleston, M o u n t m > Ohio town. P a. S. C. T en n . Tex. C hristi, W. Va. Hope, io ta l
Ohio Tex. W. Va.
Income:
Dwelling re n t--------------------------------------------- $33,895.09 $21,134.00 $15,375.92 $18,737.65 $4,393.45 $17,280.25 $396.65 $275.93 $193.44 $1,292,983.13
Nondwelling re n t____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________ 14, 858.55
T o tal net ren tals----------------------------------- 33,895.09 21,134.00 15,375.92 18,737.65 4,393.45 17,280.25 396.65 275.93 193.44 1,307,841.68
O ther incom e---------------------------------------------- 383.91 466.59 37.26 240.37 7.78 205.80 ___________ 1.25 ___________ 28,183.68
T o tal incom e---------------------------------------- 34,279.00 21,600.59 15,413.18 18,978.02 4,401.23 17,486.05 396.65 277.18 193.44 1,336,025.36
■ E x p en se:2 M anagem ent . -------------------------------------------- 10,677.40 5,964.95 5,935.62 8,959.44 2,811.50 2,939.96 75.28 1,095.10 291.23 361,044.43
Operating services------------------------------------------ 2,033.28 937.10 284.46 1,279.12 311.04 3.00 39.17 26.57 25.00 108,263.09
Dwelling u tilities---------------------------------------- 12,057.92 8,398.99 7,564.86 2,104.44 597.22 5,491.49 _________ . . . 39 67 348,413 80
Repairs, m aintenance, and replacements ... 2,536.13 3,638.15 2,374.53 715.75 472.81 223.23 205.72 79.17 63 351 00 C om m u n ity activ ities-------------------------------- 256.82 ___________ 55.52 64.54 8.25 . . . . . . . 2 395 83
Vacations an d sick leaves__________________ 357.22 _____________________________________________ 167.99 . " 2 480 16
Collection losses___________________________ 5.10 . . . . _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ . _ ’ 5 1 0
In su ran ce---------------------------------------------------- 785.94 337.21 352.02 960.46 61.39 " ” 41L84’ 3.’8§’ I ” 36,819.90
P aym en ts in h eu of taxes------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . . . . . 977.34 109.84 238.69 _______________________________ .. 28,568 21 O ther expense----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 658.06
T o tal expense before reserves---------------- 28,709.81 19,276.40 16,567.01 15,061.09 4,372.05 9,479.20 320.17 1,204.72 355.90 951,999.58
Reserved for repairs, m aintenance, and
replacem ents----------------------------------------- 6,114.52 3,005.51 3,281.30 2,014.97 676.28 4,285.90 _______________________ .... . 337,826.97
Reserved for vacancy an d collection losses. _ __________ _ _______________________ 172.06 ___________ 709.75 _____________________________________ 18,196.52
T o tal expense----------------------------------------34,824.33 22,281.91 19,848.31 17,248.12 5,048.33 14,474.85 320.17 1,204.72 355.90 1,308,023.07
N et income or deficit for period______________ 1 545. 33 > 681.32 1 4, 435.13 1, 729. 90 1 647.10 3, 011. 20 76. 48 > 927. 54 1 162. 46 28,002. 29 N um b er of m onths o p erated _________________ 8 5 6 9 2 12 2 1 1
F o r footnotes, see p. 383.
TABLE 14. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Obligations and stocks of lim ited-dividen d corporations
transferred to USHA from PWA, as of June 30, 1940
Stock
p u rchased
as tran sferred
from
PW A
$220. 00
100. 00
10.00
100.00
T otal p rin cipal
and
interest
Ju n e 30, 1940
$9,135,381.00
80, 030.00
4, 348,992. 94
312, 066.66
1,065, 641. 26
2, 536,944. 92
181,745.83
609,959.99
Accrued
interest
Ju n e 30,
1940
$36,655. 21
530.00
0
2 066. 66
20,894.94
1,203.62
11,959.99
P rincipal
balance
Ju n e 30, 1940
$9,098,726.39
79,500.00
4,348,992.94
310,000.00
11,044, 746.32
2,536,944.92
180,542.21
3 598,000.00
T y p e of obligation
First-mortgage sinking fu n d b o n d s..
First-m ortgage n o te________________
D ebentures secured b y deed of tru st.
First-mortgage note and tax advance.
First-m ortgage n o te________________
In stallm en t note secured b y deed of
tru st.
First-m ortgage n o te________________
P roject No.
Cl
BH
J (R -2 6 2 )....
HHi-xl (R -6 1 0 )... __________ H F (R -2 6 6 )...
H -2 9 _________
TB
Corporate name
A ltavista Housing C o rp o ratio n ___
Hillside Housing C orporation ______
E uclid Housing C o rp o ratio n_______ Ju n iata P a rk Housing C orporation..
B oulevard Gardens Housing Corporation.
B avian Housing C orporation______
c
a
tz
§
T
cE
e
c
£
£
hich was in default at Ju n e 30, 1940.
ieh was in default at Ju n e 30, 1940.
Location
7c
c
1
>
!/
C
Bronx Borough, N . Y --------
Kimlid. Ohio ___
p-
•S
c
-'a
c
X
p.
Queens Borough, N . Y -------
G
c
T
..
D
H
: .
a
r
i
i Including $17,781.34, w
2 Including $7,856.28, wh
385
TABLE 15. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—A verage family
size, rent, and income in PWA Housing Division projects, as of June
30, 1940
[Built directly by the former PWA Housing Division. The direct construction of such projects was discontinued
with the inauguration of the decentralized USHA program]
Aver-
Num- Project Avage
month- Aver-
Project location and name Project
No.
ber of
dwelling
Act under which
rents fixed
leased or
operated
by
erage
family
ly shelter
rent
per
age
annual
family
units USHA size dwelling
unit1
income
Total_____________________ 49 projects. 21,441— 2 3. 32 2 $15. 66 2$1,175
Alabama:
Birmingham: Smitfiheld
Court.
Montgomery:
H-2902— 540 U. S. Housing... Leased.. 2.64 8.64 929
Riverside Heights__________ H-2201— 100 ____ do__________ ...do____ 2. 66 10.60 1,145
Wm. B. Paterson Courts___
Connecticut:
H-2202___ 156 ____ do__________ ...do____ 2.93 8. 51 780
Stamford: Fairfield Court____ H-9601— 146 George-Healey.. USHA.. 3.99 19.66 1,516
District of Columbia:
Washington: Langston_______
Florida:
H-1706-A. 274 U. S. Housing... Leased.. 3.15 16.94 1,181
Jacksonville: Durkeeville_____ H-4702— 215 ____ do__________ ...do____ 2.87 9. 62 789
Miami: Liberty Square______
Georgia:
H-4602— 243 ____ do__________ ...do____ 3.38 11.90 902
Atlanta:
Techwood Homes____ ______ H-1101— 604 ____ do__________ ...do____ 3.03 16.12 1,172
University Homes__________
Illinois:
H-1102___ 675 ____ do__________ ...do____ 2. 99 11.26 949
Chicago:
Jane Addams Houses______ H-1401-5.. 1,027 ___ do__________ ...do____ 3. 61 15.21 1,239
Julia C. Lathrop Homes___ H-1406—- 925 ____ do__________ ...do____ 3. 74 14.88 1,197
Trumbull Park Homes_____ 1,338
Indiana:
H-1408— 462 ____ do__________ ...do____ 4.11 16.80
Evansville: Lincoln Gardens H-3801..- 191 ____ do__________ USHA.. 2.75 12.82 907
Indianapolis: Loekefield Gar- H-1601.... 748 ____ do__________ ..do___ 2.83 11. 54 916
den Apartments.
Kentucky:
Lexington:
Blue Grass Park___________
Appendale_________________
Louisville:
}h-5103— . 286 ____ do__________ Leased.. 2.95 15.86 1,058
LaSalle Place______________ H-2502—._ 210 ____ do__________ ...do____ 3. 44 14.06 1,260
College Court______________
Massachusetts:
H-2503___ 125 ____ do__________ ...do____ 2. 90 11.46 1,151
Boston: Old Harbor Village... H-3302— 1,016 ____ do__________ ...do____ 3.63 17.01 1,313
Cambridge: New Towne
Court.
H-8501.... 294 ____ do__________ ...do____ 3. 98 18. 75 1,276
Michigan:
Detroit:
Brewster___________________ H-1201-. 701 ____ do__________ ...do------ 3. 04 15. 93 1,107
Parkside___________________
Minnesota:
H-1205----- 775 ____ do__________ ...do____ 3. 58 20. 72 1,165
Minneapolis: Sumner Field H-4201— 464 ____ do__________ USHA.. 3.73 16. 72 994
Nebraska:
Omaha: Logan Fontenelle
Homes.
H-2001-— 284 ____ do__________ Leased.. 3. 22 13. 83 1,097
New Jersey:
Atlantic City: Stanley S. H-5001— 277 ____ do__________ ...do____ 2.87 16. 27 1,195
Holmes Village.
Camden: Westfield Acres_____
New York:
H-6002— 514 ____ do__________ ...do____ 3.07 15,36 1, 274
Buffalo: Kenfield_____________ H-6703— 658 ____ do__________ ...do___ 3.85 21.70 1,433
Lackawanna: Baker Homes___
New York:
H-6202.... 271 ____ do__________ ...do____ 4. 08 17. 71 1,264
Williamsburg Houses______ H-1301— 1, 622 George-Healey.. ...do___ 3.65 22.10 1,461
Harlem River Houses______ H-1302— 576 ____ do__________ ...do___ 3. 36 20.18 1,340
Schenectady: Schonowee Vil- H-5801.... 219 U. S. Housing... ...do____ 2.75 16. 69 1,143
lage.
386
TABLE 15. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—A verage family
size, rent, and income in PWA Housing Division projects, as of June
30, 1940—Continued
[Built directly by the former PWA Housing Division. The direct construction of such projects was discontinued
with the inauguration of the decentralized USHA program]
RECAPITULATION
Project location and name Project
No.
Number
of
dwelling
units
Act under which
rents fixed
Project
leased or
operated
by
USHA
Average
family
size
Average
monthly
shelter
rent
per
dwelling
unit1
Average
annual
family
income
Ohio:
Cincinnati: Laurel Homes____
Cleveland:
Cedar-Central Apartments..
H-1801.— 1,038 U. S. Housing.... Leased... 3.14 $15. 89 $1,075
H-1001.--- 650 ____ do__________ ...do___ 3.05 15.31 1,283
Outhwaite Homes__________ H-1002.... 579 ____ do__________ ...do____ 3. 39 15. 29 1,278
Lakeview Terrace__________ H-1003___ 620 ____ do__________ ...do___ 3.29 15. 36 1,396
Toledo: Brand Whitlock
Homes.
H-2601-. 264 ____ do__________ ...do.__ 3. 08 16. 63 1, 215
Oklahoma:
Enid: Cherokee Terrace______ H-5401.— 80 ____ do__________ USHA.. 3.19 12. 44 860
Oklahoma City: Will Rogers
Courts.
H-8101—. 354 ____ do__________ ...do____ 3. 30 10.81 840
Pennsylvania:
Philadelphia: Hill Creek______ H-3001-C. 258 ____ do__________ Leased.. 3.59 19.21 1, 281
Wayne: Highland Homes_____
South Carolina:
H-9001.— 50 -------do__________ USHA.. 2. 96 12.46 1, 295
Charleston:
Meeting Street Manor_____
Cooper River Court________
}H-8901-B . 212 -------do__________ Leased.. 3. 21 14.96 1,033
Columbia: University Terrace. H-5201-- 122 ____ do________ _ ...do___ 3.11 14.09 939
Tennessee:
Memphis:
Dixie Homes_______________ H-3401 633 ____ do__________ ...do____ 2.93 10. 32 931
Lauderdale Courts_________
Nashville:
H-3403 449 ------ do--------------- ...do____ 3.13 15. 67 1,127
Cheatham Place___________ H-2101 314 ____ do__________ ...do____ 3.00 13.69 1,104
Andrew Jackson Courts____
Texas:
H-2102 398 ____ do__________ ...do____ 2.80 9. 81 892
Dallas: Cedar Springs Place. _ H-7901-B 181 ____ do__________ ...do____ 3.02 13.56 913
Virgin Islands:
Three sites___________________
Wisconsin:
H-4900 123 George-Healey.. USHA.. 4.11 4. 25 326
Milwaukee: Parklawn.............. H-1502 518 ____ do__________ ...do____ 3.76 13.27 1,322
Number of projects leased to local housing authorities_____________________________________________ 40
Number of projects operated by USHA___________________________________________________________ 9
Number of projects with rents fixed under U. S. Housing Act_____________________________________ 44
Average shelter rent per dwelling unit per month_____________________________________________ $14.99
Number of projects with rents fixed under George-Healey Act_____________________________________ 5
Average shelter rent per dwelling unit per month (excluding Virgin Islands project2)---------------$19.99
1 Shelter rent means the charge for the use of a dwelling, excluding all utilities (such as water, heat, heating
of water, light, cooking fuel, and refrigeration energy).
2 The Virgin Islands project is excluded from these averages, since the type of project and the economic
conditions of its tenants are not comparable with projects and economic conditions in the United States.
387
388
TABLE 16A. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—In com e and expense sta tem e n t, PWA Housing Division p ro jects under lease to local a u th o rities from July 1, 1939, or effective date of lease to local a u th o rity, to June
30, 1940
Project N o ------------------------------------------------------------------------- H-1101 H-1101-Do H-1102 H-5001 H-2902 H-3302 H-6703 H-8501 H-6002
L ocation ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- A tla n ta , A tla n ta , A tla n ta , A tla n tic B in n in g - B o s to n , B u ffa lo , C am bridge, Camden,
Ga. Ga. Ga. C ity, N . J. ham , Ala. Mass. N . Y. Mass. N . J.
Income:
Dwelling ren t schedule------------------------------------------------ $53,714.00 $26,448.00 $47,156.80 $79,314.00 $69, 302.40 $313,140.60 $231, 735.00 $94,894.80 $159,183.30
Less dwelling vacancy ---------------------------------------------- 3,009.64 3,736.65 227.36 0 67.83 2,881.02 1,107.18 206.05 0
N et dwelling ren tals---------------------------------------------------- 50,704.36 22,711.35 46,929.44 79,314.00 69,234.57 310,259.58 230,627.82 94,688.75 159,183.30
Nondwelling ren t schedule------------------------------------------ 5,000.00 0 1,844.00 2.50 0 0 0 66~00 0
Less nondwelling vacancy--------------- ------------------------ 1,683.80 0 1.00 0 0 0 0 0 0
N et nondwelling ren tals---------------------------------------------- 3,316.20 0 1,843.00 2.50 0 0 0 66.00 0
T o tal n et ren tals------------------------------------------------------- 54,020.56 22,711.35 48,772.44 79,316.50 69,234.57 310,259.58 230,627.82 94,754.75 159,183.30
O ther incom e-------------------------------------------------------------- • 8,289.76 966.14 5,702.01 995.68 978.49 1,437.30 958.97 425.11 702.76
T o tal income------------------------------------------------------------ 62,310.32 23,677.49 54,474.45 80,312.18 70,213.06 311,696.88 231,586.79 95,179.86 159,886.06
Expense:
M an ag em en t------------------------------------------------------------------ 5,110.06 3,462.03 5,224.85 7,897.99 10,739.38 34,583.88 16,685.59 8,322.79 13,426.12
Operating service------------------------------------------------------------ 2,391.21 3,603.09 1,640.22 1,704.93 1,843.07 15,271.19 6,413.73 5,065.11 7,857.86
Dwelling u tilities-------------------------------------------------------- 13,601.92 4,053.79 14.415.91 24,325.62 10,631.90 86,351.53 62,118.64 24,901.94 49,422.39
Repairs, m aintenance, and replacem ents----------------------- 6,943.56 909.22 7,226.11 9,287.75 15,626.12 29,610.87 28,520.76 16,844.42 17,869.47
C om m u n ity activ ities------------------------------------------------- 1.99 0 0 47.78 135.86 2,160.62 171.88 652.19 187.85
Collection losses---------------------------------------------- 1----------- 0 0 0 35.19 268.49 163.45 0 32.03 45 70
Vacations an d sick leav e_____________________________ 513.84 0 126.52 0 0 614.25 48.08 0 195 76
In su ran ce-------------------------------------------------------------------- 620.96 167.38 659.31 1,660.87 2,823.25 7,771.43 4,817.45 1,960.64 2,370.67
O ther expense________________________________________ 0 0 0 0 0 560.00 1,319.62 0 0 P aym en ts in lieu of tax es.— 1----------------------------------------- 2,450.00 0 1,883.32 1,000.00 2,784.29 15,000.00 8,156.35 4,999.98 4,699.95
T o tal expense before ren t and reserves____________ . 31,633.54 12,195.51 31,176.24 45,960.13 44,852.36 192,087.22 128,252.10 62,779.10 96,075.77
Fixed ren t to U SH A ___________________________________ 20,505.00 1,000.00 12,005.00 22,400.00 15,010.00 43,428.00 51,600.00 10,023.00 20,670.22
Reserved for repairs, m aintenance, an d replacem ents.. 4,692.83 4,025.78 2,776.75 4,659.65 3,177.88 43,440.13 24,277.20 4,114.58 14,056.28
Reserved for vacancy and collection losses____________ 0 0 1,360.64 3,930.52 3,128.80 12,612.53 3,875.76 4,506.69 7,911.30
Reserved for contingencies_______________ . . . . _______ 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,606.21 0 0
T o tal reserves______________________________________ 25,197.83 5,025.78 16,142.39 30,990.17 21,316.68 99,480.66 98,359.17 18,644.27 42,637.80
T o tal expense______________________________________ 56,831.37 17,221.29 47,318.63 76,950.30 66,169.04 291,567.88 226,611.27 81,423.37 138,713.57
AddiUonal ren t to USHA (or deficit from operations) for ()2 4 . 52 13 756 49 21> m ,4y
A l l t'X '1 9 3 9 ttO U SH A (° r deficit from operations) to 0 n [
a & ? u : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : u : : : ______ q 3 3 ,7 7 1 .4 2 _____ 0 >151.10________ o___________0 ______ 0 ______ 0____________ o _
T S r a atio n S °nal- - - t . 5 . ^ . J.01- -d6^ C1-t- -fr°“ - 5,478.95 40, 227. 62 7,155. 82 4,116.84 15, 515. 76 34, 951.11 4, 303. 23 33,280.68 40,500.78
N um b er of m onths operated u n d er lease-----------------------4 57.5 4 20 28.5 26 21 29 21
i Deficit.
389
TABLE 16A. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Income and expense sta tem e n t, PWA Housing Division p ro jects under lease to local a u th o rities from July 1, 1939, or effective date of lease to local a u th o rity, to June
30, 1940—Continued
P roject N o ________________________________________________ H-8901-B H-1401-5 H-1406 H-1408 H-1801 H-1001 H-1002 H-1003 H-5201
L ocation __________________ _______________________________ Charleston, Chicago, Chicago, Chicago, C incinnati, Cleveland, Cleveland, Cleveland, Columbia,
S. C. Ill. Ill. Ill. Ohio Ohio Ohio Ohio S. C.
Income:
Dwelling ren t schedule_______________________________ $45,564.00 $288,577.20 $261,491.40 $145,685.70 $262,211.40 $95,493.62 $81,756.92 $94,777.71 $27,376.60
Less dwelling v acan cy ______________________________ 248.68 754.37 390.39 1,233.71 3,485.29 9,249.80 4,309.59 5,968.15 2.64
N et dwelling re n ta ls__________________________________ 45,315.32 287,822.83 261,101.01 144,451.99 258,726.11 86,243.82 77,447.33 88,809.56 27,373.96
Nondwelling re n t schedule_______________________________ 0 0 0 0 10,020.00 2,219.00 3,341.21 5,988.40 0
Less nondwelling vacancy ______________________________ 0 0 , 0 0 1,443.23 224.04 159.06 910.25 0
N et nondwelling ren tals__________________________________ 0 0 0 0 8,576.77 1,994.96 3,182.15 5,078.15 0
T o tal n et re n ta ls_____________________________________ ~45, 315.32 287, 822.83 261,101.01 144, 451. 99 267, 302. 88 88, 238. 78 80, 629.48 93, 887. 71 27,373.96
O ther incom e_________________________________________ 1,402.21 2,686.17 2,083.14 1,140.89 5,768.36 1,784.48 1,977.76 2,233.49 424.19
T o tal income_______________________________________ 46,717.53 290,509.00 263,184.15 145,592.88 273,071.24 90,023.26 82,607.24 96,121.20 27,798.15
EXPM anagem ent _____________________________________ 6,557.11 28,251.46 26,072.05 16,355.91 32,828.04 12,101.07 11,480.43 12,664.79 4,965.88
Operating service ________________________________ 502.41 25,991.39 22,392.38 11,959.43 20,507.56 4,582.56 5,134.78 6,247.92 1,136.33
Dwelling Utilities ________________________________ 5,104.01 77,266.84 69,088.47 50,250.85 53,014.66 24,328.24 21,709.68 20,506.13 5,559.98
R epairs, m aintenance, and replacem ents_____________ 4,817.94 80,102.69 52,148.91 35,227.87 42,168.88 11,561.89 9,828.30 14,225.69 2,501.31
C om m u n ity activ ities________________________________ , 14.90 775.19 551.91 6.92 1,810.38 47.25 46.96 130.00 108.34
Collection losses - _________________________ 0 987.39 981.39 320.73 1,829.36 0 0 0 0
Vacations and sick leave ____________________________ 0 856.00 626.55 1,055.39 933.59 484.83 489.44 597.77 0
Insurance - _______________________________ 2,165.53 2,743.00 2,470.53 1,442.93 4,126.66 2,306.57 2,413.52 2,721.28 311.39
O ther expense ____________________________ 0 5.62 5.61 15,817.02 5,162.97 0 0 0 0 P aym en ts in lieu of taxes_____________________________ 1,193.09 8,221.68 7,020.36 4,352.50 13,000.04 3,681.54 820.02 3,511.98 500.00
T o tal expense before ren t and reserves______________ 20,354.99 225,201.26 181,358.16 136,789.55 175,382.14 59,093.95 51,923.13 60, 605.56 15,083.23
Fixed ren t to U SH A ____________________________ 10,042.00 51,579.78 3,840.66 13,503.54 40,219.08 13,803.34 13,803.33 16,203.33 4,251.00
Reserved for repairs, m aintenance, and rep lacem en ts.. 6, 270. 06 131. 400. 47 46, 045. 43 13, 043. 59 15, 481.04 4, 969. 61 5, 519. 22 4,108. 81 380. 71
Reserved for vacancy and collection losses____________ 3,042.92 6,915.56 6,472.96 2,816.13 9,358.68 0 0 0 824.08
R eserved for contingencies___________________________ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,700.00
T o tal reserves______________________________________ 19,354.98 27,094.87 56,359.05 29,363.26 65,058.80 18,772.95 19,322.55 20,312,14 8,155.79
T o tal expense______________________________________ 39,709.97 252,296.13 237,717.21 166,152.81 240,440.94 77,866.90 71,245.68 80,917.70 23,239.02
390
A dditional re n t to U SH A (or deficit from operations) for p erio d________________________________________________ 7,007.56 38,212.87 25,466.94 > 20,559.93 32,630.30 12,156.36 11,361.56 15,203.50 4,559.13
A dditional ren t to U SH A "(or deficit from operations) to
Ju n e 30, 1939 ______________________ 4,550.67 22,907.90 13,457.15 1 11,135.53 11,265.94 0 0 0 4,710.95 A d ju stm en t— Z _________________________________________ 14.59 27,087.01 18,312.15 > 1,331.69 0 0 0 0 4,183.13
T o tal additional ren t to U SH A (or deficit from operatio
n s)______________________ - ____________________ 11,572.82 88,207.78 57,236.24 > 33,027.15 43,896.24 12,156.36 11,361.56 15,203.50 13,453.21
N um b er of m onths operated u n d er lease__________________ 20 29.52 29.52 29.52 22.32 6 6 6 27
> Deficit.
391
TABLE 16A. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—In com e and expense sta tem e n t, PWA Housing Division p ro jects under lease to local a u th o rities from July 1, 1939, or effective date of lease to local a u th o rity, to June
30, 1940—Continued
P roject N o ________________________________ ... ___ ____ H-7901-B H-1201 H-1205 H-4702 H-6202 H-5103 H-2502 H-2503 H-3401
L ocation ---------------------------------------------------------------- . ----- Dallas, D etro it, D etro it, Jackson- Lacka- Lexington, Louisville, Louisville, M em phis,
Tex. M ich. M ich. ville, F la. w anna, K y. K y. K y. T enn
N . Y.
Income:
Dwelling ren t schedule_______________________________ $40, 773. 00 $179, 751. 30 $255,125. 44 $28, 347.00 $68,163.00 $77,273.40 $56, 511. 30 $27, 951.00 $124,175. 28
Less dwelling vacancy ____ ...___ _______ _ .. . 639.91 571.98 698.91 97.45 37.07 2.06 308.69 0 75.59
N et dwelling ren tals______ ____________________ 40,133.09 179,179.32 254,426.53 28,249.55 68,125.93 77,271.34 56,202.61 27,951.00 124,099.69
N ondw elling re n t schedule_______________________________ 0 14,868.00 4,555.00 0 0 0 0 0 0
Less nondwelling vacancy______________________________ 0 3,207.00 150.00 0 0 0 0 0 0
N et nondwelling ren tals_________________________________ 0 11,661.00 4,405.00 0 0 0 0 0 0
T o tal n et re n ta ls________________________________ . 40,133.09 190,840.32 258,831.53 28,249.55 68,125.93 77,271.34 56,202.61 27,951.00 124,099 69
O ther incom e______________________________________ 204.15 6,991.84 3,465.51 889.15 781.68 405.09 1,249.77 560.26 2,521.74
T o tal income_____________________ .. . . . 40,337.24 197,832.16 262,297.04 29,138.70 68,907.61 77,676.43 57,452.38 28,511.26 126,621.43
Expense:
M an ag em en t_________________________________________ 5,291.44 18,320.68 22,436.14 4,705.97 9,412.43 9,943.69 7,439.32 3,996.05 14,498.05
O perating service___________________________________*. 1,514.79 11,827.40 9,385.27 469.24 2,276.84 1,288.04 1,615.91 1,305.71 4,875.02
Dwelling u tilities___________________________________ 10,780.11 60,692.39 59,601.30 3,710.45 9,850.42 20,729.22 16,568.46 8,005.44 33,786.80
R epairs, m aintenance, and replacem ents_____________ 12,984.91 13,438.93 16, 384.46 4, 329. 76 8, 344. 78 9, 461. 94 10, 755.29 5, 266. 52 25, 671. 30
C om m u n ity activities_____________________________ 82.62 368.00 16.25 0 92.36 120.63 170.59 5.60 233.04
Collection losses_____________________________________ 0 0 13.00 0 16.75 82.41 78.10 14.77 148.34
Vacations an d sick leav e__________ _________________ 0 293.30 431.94 206.87 0 0 46.81 3.05 495.03
In su ran ce___________________________________________ 1,178.31 2,430.70 6,219.32 2,205.00 4,159.83 2,033.28 1,555.33 869.34 2,323.37
O ther expense_______________________________________ 18.00 126.67 88.60 0 90.01 0 3,902.80 3,466.01 5,738.61
P aym en ts in lieu of taxes___________________________ 0 6,760.00 9,070.00 496.62 2,059.00 2,319. 96 1,165. 56 600.42 3,249. 36
T o tal expense before ren t and reserves______________ 31,850.18 114,258.07 123,646.28 16,123.91 36,302.42 45,979.17 43,298.17 23,532.91 91,018.92
Fixed re n t to US H A ___________________________________ 8,820.00 .25,473.96 32,232.00 4,810.00 11,397.96 16,800.00 10,106.06 4,982.20 24,540.00
Reserved for repairs, m aintenance, an d replacements . 0 9,847.62 8,146.61 6,015.24 11,011.64 6,803.06 2,329.65 989.28 8,288.95
Reserved for vacancy and collection losses_____________ 1,103.09 4,716.06 7,570.86 1,319.90 1,986.13 3,779.20 2,438.78 1,382.78 5,440.57
R eserved for contingencies_________ _________________ 0 16,926.00 25,274.00 0 6,800.00 0 0 0 0
T o tal reserves_______________________________________ 9,923.09 56,963.64 73,223.47 12,145.14 19,172.45 27,382.26 14,874.49 7,354.26 38,269.52
T o tal expense_______________________________________ 41,773.27 171,221.71 196,869.75 28,269.05 55,474.87 73,361.43 58,172.66 30,887.17 129,288.44
392
A dditional re n t to U SH A (or deficit from operations)
for p e rio d ...- ________________________________________ >i;436.03 26,610.45 65,427.29 869.65 13,432.74 4,315.00 > 720.28 > 2,375.91 > 2,667.01
A dditional ren t to U SH A (or deficit from operations)
to Ju n e 30, 1939 ______________________________________ 0 6,422.85 14,153.96 0 3, 578.83 8,022. 77 11,919.63 4,983.82 1,623.95
A d ju stm en t______________________________________________ 0 6,969.80 10,152.47 0 6,757.03 > 459.03 86.49 204.98 3.20
T o tal additional re n t to U SH A (or deficit from
o p eratio n s)_____________________________________ > 1,436.03 40,003.10 89,733.72 869.65 23,768.60 11,878.74 11,285.84 2,812.89 > 1,039.86
N um b er of m o n th s operated u n d er lease__________________ 12 20.5 20.5 12 24 28.5 28 28 27
> Deficit.
393
TABLE 16A. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Income and expense sta tem en t, PWA Housing Division p ro jects under lease to local au th orities from July 1, 1939, or effective date of lease to local a u th o rity, to June 30,
1940—Continued
H-2001
Omaha,
N ebr.
S3
£
74,928.46
OO o
S3
as
75, 223.82
§9888538 § 3
§
18,010.00
0
2, 934.49
0
20,944.49
74,193.13
£
I
197,778.05
S3
8,420.49
206,198.54
765.10
206,963.64
130,590.14
33, 254.88
15,952. 39
4, 597.14
0
31,899.63
162,489.77
H-1301 N ew Y ork,
N . Y.
$577, 506.17
148. 64
577,357.53
SS
as
14,194.31
593,549.81
sfssW
293,279.67
2SS
S52
196,372.46
489,652.13
H-2102
Nashville,
T en n .
88
S3
66,160.05
s s S8
ss
5
s
s
3SSSS £8 s
46,212.68
888
BF-°
21,832.63
68,045.31
H-2101
N ashville,
T enn.
$67,919. 50
1, 000. 08
66,919.42
OO °
-
s
e'
”89S9 S3 5
-
40,310.89
858
‘d'co'cf
24,174.21
64,485.10
H-2202 M o n tgomery,
Ala.
$7,097. 00
6.75
7,090.25
o o °
89
gl
8,674.65
E8SS 8 8 8 8SS
2,425.97
6,979. 53
H-2201
M ont-
S°Alary ’
5,881.73
OO
£8
7, 414. 02 1
1, 298. 54
299.90
575. 82
1, 430.89
0
00
417.00
0
115.00
4,137.15 |
8SS
or
1,781.51
99 ’816 ‘9
H-4602
M iam i,
F la.
36,445.47
556. 45
0
556.45 |
37,001.92
700. 59
37,702.51
28^5 52
uj'rt-w'TF ci
16, 756. 69
88 8
6,204.64
22, 961. 33
H-3403
M em phis,
T en n .
$117,200.70
53.31
117,147. 39
o o o gg
51
3"
855K88SS S
10^1130
3^88
72,305.53
835
tI—-'
j, an d replacem ents-,
on losses____________
!
1
i
P roject N o ....________ _____________
L ocation____________________________
Income:
Dwelling: re n t schedule__
1
j
1
i
1
£
Nondwelling ren t schedule______
Less nondwelling vacancy_____
i
J
£
: :
: :
! 1
j! s1
3
§
i
Dwelling u tilities_______________
R ep airs, m aintenance, and replac
C om m u n ity activ ities__________
Collection losses________________
Vacations and sick leav e_______
In su ran ce______________________
O ther expense__________________
P aym en ts in lieu of taxes________
i
I
1
Fixed re n t to U SH A ____________
R eserved for repairs, m aintenanct
R eserved for vacancy and collect!
R eserved for contingencies______
j }
394
A dditional ren t to U SH A (or deficit from operations) for
period_________________________________________________ 15,864.98 14,741.18 1,495.36 1,695.12 6,382.12 1,450.30 103,897.68 44,473.87 1,030.69
A dditional re n t to U SH A (or deficit from operations) to
Ju n e 30, 1939____________________________________________ 21,846.01 3,197.15 0 0 0 0 122,213.47 52,198.99 13,848.39
to A d ju stm en t______________________________________________ 0 3,319.70 0 0 0 0 1 2,061.42 1 9.19 0
-a T o tal ad d itio n al ren t to U £ SH A (or deficit from operations)_______________________________________ 37,710.99 21,258.03 1,495.36 1,695.12 6,382.12 1,450.30 224,049.73 96,663.67 14,879.08
N um b er of m onths operated u n d er lease_________________ 27 16 5 5 11 11 32.9 33.9 28
i Deficit.
tcoi
395
TABLE 16A. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Income and expense sta tem en t, PWA Housing Division p ro jects under lease to local au th orities from July 1, 1939, or effective date of lease to local a u th o rity, to June 30,
1940—Continued
P roject N o ______________________________________________________________________________ H-3001-C H-5801 11-2801 H-1706-A
L ocation ________________________________________________________________________________ P hiladelphia, Schenectady, Toledo, Ohio Washington, T otal
P a. N . Y. D. C.
Income:
Dwelling ren t schedule — ________________ $87,042.00 $63,867.60 $77,685.00 $20,182.05 $4,638,326.02
Less dwelling v acan cy____________________________________________________________ 543.53 14.91 728.66 201.02 44,744.98
N et dwelling ren tals________________________________________________________________ 86,498.47 63,852.69 76,956.34 19,981.03 4,593,581.04
Nondwelling re n t schedule__________________________________________________________ 2,757.87 0 2,287.00 0 92,634.92
Less nondwelling v acan cy _________________________________________________________ 398.55 0 340.25 0 24,997.37
N et nondwelling re n ta ls______________________ 2,359.32 0 1,946.75 0 67,637.55
T o tal n et re n ta ls _________________________________________________________________ 88, 857. 79 63, 852.69 78, 903. 09 19, 981.03 4, 661, 218. 59
O ther income_______________________________________________________________________ 893.83 243.67 1,441.16 333.37 75,759.46
T o tal income______________________________________________________________________ 89,751.62 64,096.36 80,344.25 20,314.40 4,736,978.05
Expense: M a n a g em e n t___________________________ _________________________________________ 10,162.25 8,239.00 13,184.57 2,531.88 522,193.67
Operating service___________________________________________________________________ 3,220.20 5,263.04 7,073.05 856.50 257,432.53
Dwelling u tilitie s__________________________________________________________________ 26,575.47 17,551.61 22,204.23 4,527.98 1,157,720.49
R epairs, m aintenance, and replacem ents____________________________________________ 27, 571.84 7, 316. 72 15, 026. 23 3, 478. 43 696, 253. 61 C om m u n ity activities .. .. . _________________________ 79.24 1,479.08 293.24 0 10,377.60
Collection losses_____________________________________________________________________ 551.43 56.30 554.70 0 6,759.56
Vacations and sick leave _ - - ________________________________________________ 108.24 196.70 173.41 0 10, 590.04
Insurance - ________________________ 1,497.40 1,278.53 1,364.77 135.21 118,509.72
O ther expense_______________________________________________________________________ 2,479.15 1,100.00 3,081.93 944.80 52,229.51
P aym en ts in lieu of tax es_________________ __________________________________________ 3,060.00 2,082.96 0 731.25 122,173.53
T o tal expense before ren t and reserves_________________________________ 75,305.22 44,563.94 62,956.13 13,206.05 2,954,240.26
Fixed ren t to U SH A ____________________________________________________________________ 14,28000 7,332.96 11,250.00 2,100.00 804,136.42
Reserved for repairs, m aintenance, and replacem ents.- ___ ________________________ 1 13, 561. 41 1 1,163.45 5,977.11 1.462.57 241,797.03
Reserved for vacancy and collection losses___________________________________________ 2,729.78 1,834.65 2,758.30 401.98 131,869.47
Reserved for contingencies________________________________________________________ 8,700.00 6,400.00 0 0 89,906.21
T o tal reserves____________________________________________________________________ 12,148.37 14,404.16 19,985.41 3,964.55 1,267,709.13
T o tal expense________________________________________________________________________ 87.453.59 58,968.10 82,941.54 17,170.60 4,221,949.39
396
•
A dditional ren t to U SH A (or deficit from operations) for period _________________________ 2,298.03 5,128.26 >2,597.29 3,143.80 515,028.66
Additional re n t to U SH A (or deficit from operations) to Ju n e 30, 1939___________________ 6,641.91 3,328.64 3,504.71 0 388,622.26
A d ju stm en t_____________________________________________________________________________ 18,174.84 4, 282.18 i 844. 75 0 128, 461.81
T o tal additional ren t to U SH A (or deficit from operations)_______________________ 27,114.78 12,739.08 62.67 3,143.80 1,032,112.73
N um b er of m onths operated under lease_______________________________________________ _ 27 23.5 27.5 3 ------------------------
1 Deficit.
397
1 Division m th o rity.
H-1502
IVTilwn.n ap.
.3
£
3S
!
8
s
g
83 2
(
S3
£
185, 703.42
838S
S-38
gS sj
105,815.14
3S8
g3§
^3-
§ 118
24,575.
130, 390. —
nd expense sta tem e n t, PWA Housing
940, or to effective date of lease to local c
H-5401 E n id ,
Okla.
88
(s’
£
s
s
oo o
17,014. 64
603. 63
17,618.27
SSSS
gegjo=
Eg 8
13,049.57
531. 38
0
1, 700. 00
2, 231. 38
15,280.95 |
H-1003
Clp.vp.la.nri.
O
$102, 230. 70
596.94
8
0
2
ss
®-£°
212.14
7,852. 55
Project N o ____________ .________________________________________________
i
!
i
1 1
Income:
Dwelling ren t schedule_____________________________________________
Less dwelling v acan cy______________________________________________
N e t dwelling ren tals______________________________________________
!!
1
fl
N e t nondwelling re n ta ls.._______________________________________ .
T o tal n et ren tals_________________________________________________
O ther income_______________________________________________________
T otal incom e____________________________ _________________________
Expense:
Operating services__________________________________________________
Dwelling u tilities___________________________________________________
Repairs, m aintenance, and rep lacem en ts------------------------------------------
nnmmiinit.'V antivitips
Collection losses--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vacations and sick le a v e .....-----------------------------------------------------------
Insurance __________________________________________________________
O ther expense__________________________________________ ___________
P aym en ts in lieu of taxes--------------------------------------------------- ---------------
T o tal expense before reserv es..-------------------------------------------------------
Reserved for repairs, m aintenance, and rep lacem en ts-----------------------
Reserved for vacancy and collection losses__________________________
Reserved for contingencies----------------------------------------------------------------
T otal reserves---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
T otal expense_________________________________________ _______ —-
400
N e t profit for th e period_________________________________ 4,592.26 6,414.69 20,313.15 15,694.18 1, 905.50 234,407.03
N et profit (or loss) to Ju n e 30, 1939______________________________________ 9,477.31 11,523.50 46,576.05 21.513.55 2,770.31 519,410.96
S urplus ad ju stm en t--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6,975.47 11,031.50 32,926.23 14,545.77 1 7.37 353,971.76
Accum ulated n et p ro fit___________________________________________ 21,045.04 28,969.69 99,815.43 51,753.50 4,668.44 1,107,789.75
N um b er of m onths o p erated____________________________________________ 32 40.3 34 34 34 _______ _ Operated b y U SH A to _________________________________________________ 1-31-40 1-31-40 6-30-40 6-30-40 6-30-40 _______________
i Deficit.
401
402
TABLE 16C. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—In com e and expense sta tem e n t, PWA Housing Division p ro jects during USHA operation from July 1, 1939, to June 30, 1940, or to effective date of lease to local au th ority.
P rojects w ith ren ts fixed under United S ta tes Housing Act of 1937
P roject N o ____________________________________________ H-3801 H-1601 H-4201 H-2101 H-2102 H-1706-A Qnnl
L ocation------------------------------------------------------------------------ E vansville, Indianapolis, M inneapolis, N ashville, N ashville, In d . In d . M in n . W ashington, T o tal T en n . T en n . D . C. w ay n e, P a.
^D w ellin g ren t schedule____________________________ $38,172.60 $174,268.60 $141,181.20 $7,571.00 $8,108.80 $60,546.15 $14,005.20 $443,853.55
Less dwelling v acan cy____________________________ 69.77 20.97 1,658.24 497.49 1,339.03 45.31 106.84 3,737.65
N e t dwelling re n ta ls-------------------------------------------- 38,102.83 174,247.63 139,522.96 7,073.51 6,769.77 60,500.84 13,898.36 440,115.90
N ondw elling re n t schedule_____________________________ 0 8,455.69 0 0 0 0 4.25 8,459.94
Less nondwelling v acan cy ___________________________ 0 3,215.03 0 0 0 0 0 3,215.03
N et nondwelling re n ta ls______________________________ 0 5,240.66 0 0 0 0 4.25 5,244.91
T o tal n et ren tals________________________________ 38,102.83 179,488.29 139,522.96 7,073.51 6,769.77 60,500.84 13,902.61 445,360.81
O ther incom e_____________________________________ 408.54 2,998.18 1,785.05 15.55 42.17 1,097.21 14.92 6,361.62
T o tal incom e____________________________________ 38,511.37 182,486.47 141,308.01 7,089.06 6,811.94 61,598.05 13,917.53 451,722.43
E xpense:
M an ag em en t_____________________________________ 4,640.43 15,896.83 8,493.77 1,255.19 893.67 5,753.04 673.60 37,606.53
Operating services_________________________________ 1,131.51 6,857.86 3,784.40 249.87 432.38 2,742.83 192.16 15,391.01
Dwelling Utilities_________________________________ 5,483.43 58,684.30 36,822.34 1,675.13 1,446.99 21,165.70 5,119.05 130,396.94
R epairs, m aintenance, an d rep lacem en ts__________ 4,449.06 17,694.44 11,463.82 3,069.74 993.43 7,210.71 2,666.85 47,548.05
C om m u n ity activ ities_____________________________ 14.99 158.52 0 0 7.00 283.19 0 463.70
Collection losses___________________________________ 16.84 0 197.67 0 0 0 0 214.51
V acations an d sick leave__________________________ 43.54 0 555.62 0 0 0 0 599.16
Insurance _________________________________________ 2,068.32 2,164.92 5,841.72 143.43 347.05 794.97 207.24 11,567.65
O ther expense_____________________________________ 8.20 543.15 169.00 0 0 0 0 720.35
P aym en ts in lieu of tax es__________________________ 0 5,495.35 4,554.00 82.50 88.75 2,193.75 0 12,414.35
T o tal expense before reserves____________________ 17,856.32 107,495.37 71,882.34 6,475.86 4,209.27 40,144.19 8,858.90 256,922.25
R eserved for repairs, m aintenance, an d replacem
ents _________________________________________ 5,738.94 24,497.56 22,844.18 1 1,155.24 765.40 6,199.29 813.15 59,703.28
Reserved for vacancy an d collection losses__________ 1,058.57 5,733.91 2,379.53 1 270.36 0 1,771.07 313.32 10,986.04
R eserved for contingencies_________________________ 3,800.00 16,900.00 14,100.00 0 0 0 1,400.00 36,200.00
T o tal reserves___________________________________ 10, 597. 51 47,131.47 39,323. 71 i 1,425.60 765.40 7,970. 36 2, 526.47 106,889.32
T otal expense_________ __________________________ 28,453.83 154,626.84 111,206.05 5,050.26 4,974.67 48,114.55 11,385.37 363,811.57
N et profit for th e period— ------------------------------ 10,057.54 27,859.63 30,101.96 2,038.80 1,837.27 13,483.50 2,532.16 87,910.86
N e t profit (or loss) to Ju n e 30, 1939------------------------------- 3,220.91 21,703.24 0 6,249.47 1 2,847.08 5 328.43 1 175.96 34 830 93
S urplus ad ju stm en t------------------------------------------------------- 2,806.86 42,533.83 0 10,842.03 2,847.08 11)837.77 1,848.72 72)716)29
A ccum ulated n et p ro fit--------------------------------------- 16,085.31 92,096.70 30,101.96 19,130.30 1,837.27 30,649.70 5,556.84 195,458.08
N um b er of m onths o p erated _______ ___________________ 24 28.5 18.5 18 13.5 23 28
Operated b y USHA to-------------------------------------------------- June30,1940 June30,1940 June30,1940 July31,1939 July31,1939 March31,1940 June30,1940 IIZZZIIZZZZZZZ
i Deficit.
403
TABLE 17. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Occupancy data
on PWA limited-dividend projects as of June 30, 1940
[Built by private corporations in the first phases of the PWA program. This type of project was discontinued
at an early date]
Project location and name 1
Percentage
of project
occupied
Number of
dwelling
units
Average
monthly shelter
rent per dwelling
unit, including
water 2
Altavista, Va.: Altavista__ _____ _ 97.5 50 $15. 83
New York, N. Y.: Boulevard Gardens___ . ... _ _ _____ 100.0 958 39. 55
New Yorki N. Y.: Hillside ____________ 99.9 1,415 38. 53
Philadelphia, Pa.: Carl Mackley Homes----------------------------------- 94.4 284 31.67
Raleigh, N. 0.: Boylan _____ 96.5 54 45. 04
St. Louis, Mo.: Neighborhood Gardens________________________ 83.1 252 26.73
1 Statistics covering the Euclid Housing Corporation project in Euclid, Ohio, have been omitted since
the dwellings in this project are not being rented, but are being sold to occupants by the Euclid Housing
Corporation.
2 Shelter rent means the charge for the use of a dwelling excluding utilities (such as heat, heating of water,
light, cooking fuel, and refrigeration energy), except in these projects, where the cost of water is included.
404
TABLE 18. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.— Total administrative
and nonadministrative expenses of the Authority for fiscal year
ending June 30, 1940
» Classification Administrative
expenses
Nonadministrative
expenses 1
Total_____ T______________________________________ ._________________ 2 $4,181,946.47 $385, 354. 62
Personal services . _ .. ______ _____ __ . ____ 3, 433, 535. 88 332,045. 65
Supplies and materials _ ____________ _ _ 63; 618. 73 ' 710.82
Communication service ... ____________ __ _ ... . 69; 866.20 2, 442. 29
Travel expense____ ____ ________________ ___ __ ______ ... 263, 615. 70 28; 947. 95
Transportation of things___ ... . 5; 416.88
Printing and binding_________ _______ .. .. __ __ .. __ .. 135; 762. 00 2,497. 78
Rents (including maintenance and guarding) _ _ ________________ HL 839. 66 16, 689.88
Repairs and alterations _ ______ 21', 739.05 1', 987. 70
Special and miscellaneous expense. __ ___ _ ___ 48; 210. 65
Equipment_______________ -_________ ______________ ______________ 2 25, 341. 72
1 In accordance with the Interior Department Appropriation Act, fiscal year 1940, all necessary expenses
in connection with the management and operation of PWA Housing Division projects transferred to the
Authority may be considered as nonadministrative expenses.
2 The amount of $25,341.72 representing the cost of equipment has been capitalized. The total of
$4,181,946.47 does not include $32,000 transferred to the Federal Works Agency.
405
TABLE 19. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Balance sheet,
June 30, 1940
Cash:
ASSETS
USHA-aided projects:
Bond fund-----------------------------------------------------------------$50,452,481. 78
Interest fund------------------------------------------------------------- 1,872,596.90
Contribution fund............................... 5,000,000.00
Administrative---------------------------------------------------------- 2,030, 338. 70
Golden Gate Exposition____________________________ 526.26
PWA Housing Division projects:
NIRA construction__________________ $74, 506.68
E RA construction_____________________ 240,385.96
----------------- 314,892. 64
General fund_______________________________________ 1,864, 729.32
Management:
Operating fund_________________________________ 644,110. 79
Repairs, maintenance, replacements, collections,
and other costs, reserve fund________________ 130,729.21
$59,355,943.64
2,954,461.96
Accounts receivable:
USHA-aided projects:
Local authorities____________
Governmental agencies______
PWA Housing Division projects:
Tenant rentals______________
Local authorities____________
Miscellaneous_______________
$62, 310,405. 60
7,827. 60
14, 887. 05
22, 714. 65
6, 928. 59
781,062. 72
29, 080. 67
817,071. 98
Securities:
USHA-aided projects:
Obligations of local authorities (cost)________________ 78,204, 518. 22
Add: Accrued interest___________________________ 815,749.10
--------- 79,020,267.32
PWA Housing Division Projects:
Stocks, limited-dividend corporations___________ 220.00
Obligations of limited-dividend corporations
(cost)_______________________$9,098, 726. 39
Add: Accrued interest____________ 36,655.21
--------------------- 9,135, 381. 60
Obligations U. S. Government Notes
reserved for repairs, maintenance,
replacements, collections, and other
839, 786. 63
costs (cost)__________________________ 3,908, 590. 64
Add: Accrued interest____________ 7,445. 32
--------------------- 3,916,035.96
—-------——— 13,051,637.56
Development cost, PWA Housing Division projects:
Development cost_______________________________________ 127,525,461.24
Unliquidated construction contract balances____________ 89,901.0'4
„ ----------------------- 127, 615, 362. 28
Furniture and fixtures:
Washington office___________________________________ 498,690.11
Less: Allowance for depreciation____________________ 226,662.49
----------------------- 272,027. 62
92,071,904. 88
Deferred charges:
Prepaid insurance, PWA Housing Division projects___________________ 155,042.80
Materials and supplies_________________________________________________ 14,258.08
127,887, 389.90
Loan allotment contracts (contra) _ ________________________________________________________
169, 300.88
611,103,481. 78
Total 894, 382, 269.67
406
TABLE 19. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY.—Balance sheet
June 30, 1940—Continued
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable:
USHA-aided projects:
Administrative_____________________________________ $145,234.40
M iscellaneous_______________________________________ 76,302.80
Governmental agencies_____________________________ 22,920.50
PWA Housing Division projects:
Construction. __________________________________ 20,937.83
Management_____________________________________ 84, 586.36
Prepaid rentals__________________ __________________ 13,853.06
Nonadministrative__________________________________ 18,131.45
$244,457. 70
137,508.70
Accrued and deferred accounts:
PWA Housing Division projects:
Reserve for repairs, maintenance and replacements..
Reserve for other project administrative costs_______
Reserve for collection and vacancy losses____________
Reserve for contingencies___________________________
Reserve for limited dividend corporations (Juniata
Park)_____________________________________________
$381,966.40
2, 597, 358.06
907,870. 70
311,616. 91
177, 355. 34
52, 564.16
Unliquidated payments in lieu of taxes____________________________
Unliquidated construction contract balances_______________________
4,046, 765.17
116,280. 92
89,901. 04
Notes payable:
USHA-aided projects:
Series B of Feb. 1, 1939___
Add: Accrued interest
Series D, Treasury loans..
4, 252,947.13
114,157,000. 00
654,024. 50
—--------------- 114,811,024. 50
20, 000,000. 00
USHA annual contribution allotment_____________________________________________________
USHA loan contracts:
Commitments under loan contract, definite_____________ > 626,795,000.00
Less: Loan advances________________________________2 78,204,518.22
----------------------- 548, 590,481.78
Contingent loan commitments_____________________________________ 62,513,000.00
134. 811, 024. 50
5, 000,000.00
Capital stock___________________________________________________________________
Surplus___________________________________________________________________________________
611,103,481.78
1,000,000. 00
137,832,849. 86
Total 894, 382, 269. 67
i Does not include commitments under contract approved by the President but not executed by June
30, 1940, in amount of $11,418,000.
2 In addition to the amount of $78,204,518.22 advanced by USHA, local authorities have borrowed from
private sources $240,466,000 for which there are outstanding irrevocable commitments by USHA, to pay
at maturity.
407
TABLE 20. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY—Reconciliation
of surplus, June 30, 1940
Surplus at July 1. 1939__________________________________________________________________ $141, 635, 699. 61
Current operations:
Additions:
USHA.-aided projects:
Interest, local authorities___ $2,996,841.67
Less: Interest USHA obligations____________________
1,603, 553. 74
--------------------- $1,393,287.93
PWA Housing Division projects:
Administration of projects operated
by USHA:
With rents fixed under
the George-Healey Act. 234,407.03
With rents fixed under
the U. S. Housing Act
of 1937__________ 87,910.86
Interest, limited dividend
corporations ... _______ 370,841.48
Miscellaneous interest_____ _ 962.80
--------------------- 694,122.17
2.087.410.10
Deductions:
USHA administrative and nonadmiuistrative
expense:
Administrative expense_______ 4,156, 604.75
Nonadministrative expense_____ 385,354.62
Depreciation on furniture and
fixtures, Washington office ... 75, 569. 36
Funds transferred to Federal
Works Agency______________ 32,000. 00
Less: Recovery for lost material_______________
4, 649, 528. 73
95. 86
4, 649,432. 87
Net deductions for current
operations____________________________________________ $?, 562,022.77
Adjustments for prior periods:
Additions:
Adjustments in administration of
PWA Housing Division projects_________________________________________
526,862.15
Adjustment of administrative
expense, 1938 _____________________________ 80. 001. 38
Miscellaneous_____________________________—. 2,778.46
609,641.99
Deductions:
Loss sustained through PWA
demolition on slum sites and
realized at time of sale to other
public agencies:
Chicago, Ill_________________
Minneapolis, Minn_________
Toledo, Ohio________________
Omaha, Nebr_______________
1, 526,807. 99
121, 416. 80
61.167. 90
31, 766.83
Preliminary planning expense on
PWA Housing Division projects
abandoned by PWA____
Allowance for depreciation in
prior periods on furniture and
fixtures, Washington Office__
1, 741,159. 52
29, 747. 35
79, 562.10
1,850, 468. 97
Net deductions for prior periods. 1,240,826. 98
Total net deductions. 3,802,849. 75
Surplus per balance sheet 137,832,849. 86
408
List of Available Publications of the
United States Housing Authority
What Does the Housing Program Cost? 1940, 32 pp. A simple presentation
of facts about the Federal Government’s share in slum-clearance and low-rent
housing.
Questions and Answers. 1940, 28 pp. An illustrated pamphlet containing
the answers to questions most frequently asked about the slum-clearance and
low-rent housing program.
Housing and Welfare. 1940, 53 pp. A report on a survey conducted by the
USHA in cooperation with the Social Security Board, of the housing of relief
and public-assistance recipients.
Annual Report of the United States Housing Authority, 1939. 1940,
59 pp. A detailed factual review of the progress of the USHA program—with
especial reference to rents, income groups served, Federal and local loans and
contributions, development costs, slum elimination, labor and employment,
rural housing, local housing authorities, and state enabling legislation. Special
sections deal with the character of USHA organization and the status of PWA
Housing Division projects.
The United States Housing Act of 1937, as Amended. 1939, 69 pp. A
pamphlet containing the legislative basis of the USHA program. Provisions
of related laws and executive orders appear in the appendix.
What the Housing Act Can Do for Your City. 1938, 88 pp. Based upon
the first year of the low-rent housing program, this illustrated pamphlet presents
a comprehensive and authoritative picture of the character and development of
that program. Designed for individuals and groups interested in the establishment
of local housing authorities or endeavoring to understand and participate
in their local authority’s work. For sale by the Superintendent of
Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 20 cents.
“Public Housing.” Current. An illustrated weekly news review—usually
four pages in length—reporting the latest developments and data pertaining to
the programs and progress of the Nation’s housing authorities. For sale by
the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Annual subscription
rate, $1. Single copies, 5 cents.
Clearing the Slums. 1940, 8 pp. A discussion of how slum quarters are
being eliminated under the public housing program.
Labor and Housing. 1940, 7 pp. A discussion of labor’s part in the slumclearance
and low-rent housing program.
Rural Housing. 1940, 12 pp. A description of the rural housing phase of the
Nation-wide rehousing program.
PWA Housing Division Projects. 1940, 8 pp. A discussion of the difference
between the projects built by the former Housing Division of PWA and those
now being built by local housing authorities with USHA assistance.
Bringing Down Construction Costs. 1940, 12 pp. An analysis of the various
factors involved in the low construction costs of USHA-aided projects.
409
Public Housing and the Negro. 1940, 7 pp. A statement on what the lowrent
housing and slum-clearance program means to the Negro.
Public Housing Here and in Great Britain. 1940, 11 pp. A review of how
American public housing has been guided by British housing experience.
Better Housing, Better Health. 1940, 12 pp. A discussion of the interrelationship
of housing and health.
Housing and Juvenile Delinquency. 1939, 6 pp. A brief study of the relationship
between housing conditions and juvenile delinquency.
Housing and Your Community. 1939, 8 pp. An explanation of the social and
economic effect of slums upon America’s cities and what can be done about it.
Low Rents for Low Incomes. 1939, 8 pp. A discussion of how USHA-aided
projects provide homes at low rents for families of low income.
The Businessman and Public Housing. 1939, 6 pp. A review of the benefits
accruing to the businessman through public housing.
Tax Exemption of Public Housing. 1939, 8 pp. A discussion of the cost of
tax exemption of public housing to the community.
Rehousing Relief Families. 1939, 8 pp. An explanation of the rehousing of
families in the lowest income group.
How the USHA Works. 1939, 6 pp. A description of the slum-clearance and
low-rent housing program.
Introduction to Housing—Facts and Principles. 1940, 161 pp. By Edith
Elmer Wood. Superintendent of Documents, 60 cents. A simple presentation
of some of the fundamentals of public housing.
BULLETINS ON POLICY AND PROCEDURE
Intended primarily for use of local housing authorities and others
participating in the USHA program
No.
1. Acquisition of Excess Land.
2. Room Count.
3. Equivalent Elimination of Unsafe and Insanitary Dwellings.
4. Development Cost of a Low-Rent Housing Project.
5. Progressive Steps in Initiation of a Low-Rent Housing Project.
6. Local Contributions and Other Local Aids in Achieving Low Rents.
7. Advance Loan.
8. Acquisition of Sites for Low-Rent Housing Projects.
9. Construction Contracts.
10. Rehousing Occupants of Areas To Be Cleared for Housing Projects.
11. Design of Low-Rent Housing Projects: Planning the Site.
12. Dwelling Unit Planning.
13. Preparation of Drawings and Specifications.
14. Site Engineering Design.
15. Steps in the Development of a Low-Rent Housing Project Subsequent to the
Execution of the Contracts of Loan and Annual Contributions.
16. Planning for Low Rents.
17. Definition of Terms.
18. Site Selection.
19. Planning Utility Services and Rate Negotiations.
20. Selecting a Method of Heating.
21. Design of Low-Rent Housing Projects: The Structure.
22. Initial Steps in Tenant Selection.
410
23. Personnel Requirements for Supervision and Inspection of Projects During
Construction.
24. Establishing Rent Schedules for USHA-aided Projects.
25. Sub-Surface Soil Investigation.
26. Insurance on USHA-aided Projects.
27. Zoning and Rezoning for USHA-aided Projects.
28. Manual of Management Reports.
29. Budgeting Repair, Maintenance, and Replacement Costs.
30. Estimates of Average Annual Income and Expense and Determination of
USHA Annual Contributions for USHA-aided Projects.
31. Suggested Procedures for Initial Tenant Selection and Renting.
32. The Management Program.
33. Budgeting Costs of Operating Services.
34. Certain Overhead Costs for USHA-aided Projects in the Development Period.
35. USHA-aided Defense Housing Projects.
36. Budgeting Dwelling Utility Costs.
274771—41----27
411
412
Commissioner of
I Work Projects
_______ L _ ____ _____ ____ _____ FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY
Investigation J _______________ WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION
| Commissioner ORGANIZATION CHART
Information
I I I I I
Research, Statistics Engineering and Professional and _ , , - , . . . .. and Finance Project Control Service Projects Employment Administration
| ____ I ____ I _______ _______ ■ .1.
Statistics - - Research I ’ Community Racial Relations — c re a tio n AdlSer^ce^e Personnel
_________ — Engineering — Service _____________ _____________ _______ _____________
_____________ Projects ______________ _____________ _____________
___________ T ,_____________________ Labor Appeals Assignment Administrative n , Finance - - Legal -------------------- and Review "" and Wages Budget Procedures
_________ _________ — Project Control _ Research and ______ _ _____ _________ ______ _____ _____________
_____________ RecordsProjects
Graphic Services --------------------- Labor Relations Training
_______________ _ Welfare _____________ _____________
Projects
I I I I I I I I
Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 Region 4 Region 5 Region 6 Region 7 Region 8
Boston, Mass. New York, N. Y. Atlanta, Ga. Chicago, Ill. St. Paul, Minn. New Orleans, La. Denver, Colo. San Francisco, Calif.
Connecticut Delaware Florida Illinois Iowa Alabama Colorado Arizona
Maine Maryland Georgia Indiana Kansas Arkansas Idaho California, North
Massachusetts New Jersey Kentucky Michigan Minnesota Louisiana Montana California, South
New Hampshire New York City North Carolina Missouri Nebraska Mississippi New Mexico Nevada
Rhode Island New York State South Carolina Ohio North Dakota Oklahoma Utah Oregon
Vermont Pennsylvania Tennessee West Virginia South Dakota Texas Washington Hawaii
Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
Puerto Rico
NOTE.—The WPA in the District of Columbia operates under the supervision of the central office.
As of December 1, 1940
Appendix F
WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION
TABLE 1. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—Average number of
persons employed on WPA projects, United States and Territories, by
program and month,' August 1935-June 1940
Year and
month Total
Projects
operated
by WPA
Projects
operated
by other
Federal
agencies 1 2
1935
August ______ 220,163 220,163
September- .. 374,316 374) 316
October. ... . 705,169 705) 169
November_____ 1, 814,958 1, 814) 958
December__ . 2) 667,190 2) 667) 190
1936
January___ __ _ 2,879, 733 2, 879,733
February_______ 3,019,098 3,019,098
March ________ 2,960, 315 2, 960, 315 - April.. ... ____ 2)626,367 2) 626) 367 May.. __ ______ 2, 396,719 2,396) 719
June. ... 2, 285,622 2) 285) 622 -
July____________ 2, 245, 328 2, 245, 328
August.. _ . 2, 332, 380 2) 332) 380
September.____ 2,453) 602 2) 453) 602
October _______ 2, 552, 574 2) 552) 574
November 2, 551,042 2, 551,042
December___ 2, 247,461 2) 247) 461
1937
January _____ 2,131,079 2,131,079
February. _ 2,149) 369 2) 149, 369
March. 2,129) 475 2) 129) 475
April___________ 2, 078) 221 2) 078) 221
May____ _______ 2) 021) 579 2) 021) 579
June. .. . 1, 878,008 1) 878) 008
July________ 1, 631,204 1, 631,204
August.. ... 1) 510) 894 1) 510) 894
September ... . 1) 455) 977 1) 455) 977
October. . 1,462) 605 1) 462) 605
November _ . _ 1) 503) 720 1) 503,720
December______ 1, 596) 676 1) 596) 676—
Year and
month Total
Projects
operated
by WPA
Projects
operated
by other
Federal
agencies 2
1938
January________ 1, 803,102 1,803,102
February ... _. 2,003,840 2,003) 840
March..___ _. 2, 321, 541 2,321, 541
April.__ _______ 2,540,464 2, 540,464
May. 2,640, 246 2, 640,246
June__________ 2) 743,025 2, 743,025
July____________ 2, 999,021 2, 914,121 84,900
August.. . .. 3, 125, 244 3) 040) 237 85,007
September . 3) 213) 609 3) 123) 568 90 041
October... ... . 3) 286) 611 3) 195) 567 91 044
November . . 3) 334) 594 3) 241) 957 92, 637
December______ 3) 161) 080 3) 069) 341 91, 739
1939
January________ 3,021, 595 2,931, 401 90,194
February_______ 2,996, 554 2, 907,356 89,198
March__________ 3,009,110 2,920,066 89,044
April .. . 2, 792, 362 2, 679,046 113, 316
May________ . . 2) 645) 550 2) 509) 875 135,675
June____________ 2) 578,041 2,438) 432 139, 609
July____________ 2, 282,087 2, 236,920 45,167
August. . .. . . 1,970) 688 1) 909) 886 60, 802
September. _ _ 1, 720) 996 1, 656,019 64,977
October_________ 1) 877) 439 1) 804) 063 73) 376
November____ 1, 960, 518 1, 882, 754 77, 764
December__ 2) 123) 431 2,045,889 77) 542
19.10
January________ 2, 216,314 2,142, 588 73, 726
February_______ 2, 309, 218 2, 234,595 74,623
March__________ 2,310, 541 2, 235, 361 75,180
April___________ 2,144,040 2,064,452 79, 588
May____________ 1,981, 661 1,896,642 85,019
June____________ 1, 755, 526 1,669, 572 85, 954
1 Data represent the average of the weekly employment counts made during the calendar month.
2 Employment on projects operated by other Federal agencies and financed by allocation of WPA funds
under the provisions of sec. 3 of the ERA Act of 1938 and sec. 11 of the ERA Act of 1939, beginning in July
1938.
413
TABLE 2. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION— Average number1 of
persons employed, on WPA projects, United States and Territories,
by State and month, for fiscal year ending June 30, 1940
State or Territory
1939
July August September
October November
Decern
ber
Grand total------------------------------------- 2,282,087 1,970, 688 1, 720,996 1,877,439 1,960, 518 2,123,431
Continental United States----------------------- 2, 278,929 1,967,340 1, 715,081 1,867,179 1, 946,173 2,109,190
\la,bam a _ __ - - - - -------- --- - 47, 309 40,994 37, 947 41, 344 39,448 50, 900
Arizona -______ - ----- ~ — 6,845 6,769 5, 382 5,763 5,971 6, 868
Arkansas -- - - - ------------- — 40,717 35,668 32,235 34,584 36, 853 42,995
California __ ____ -- - ---------- 96, 627 84, 408 74, 235 78, 988 82, 234 90,020
Colorado ____ . - -- - - - -- 23, 511 18, 773 17, 990 20,049 21,178 24, 019
Connecticut - - - - - —------- 21,650 17,892 18,141 17, 787 18, 648 19,026
Uelawaro . _ - - - ----- 3,154 2, 670 2,135 2, 311 2, 335 2, 515
District of Columbia _ _ _____ 11,830 9, 999 9,211 9, 556 9,536 10, 821
Fiorida - - -------- -- 39, 665 37,941 34, 729 39,258 35,139 37, 716
50, 367 45,031 39, 567 43, 040 44, 273 47, 707
Idaho __ ____ _____- - — 9,532 8, 650 7, 955 8,460 9,292 10, 387
Illinois _ _ _ _____— — — 172,996 156, 883 131,791 145, 283 152,183 160,098
Indiana ___ - -- __ - - — 73,428 62, 279 48, 654 49, 637 56, 910 61,166
24,838 21,013 18,709 21,099 22,081 23, 917
Kansas __ - ------------------- 28, 253 21,913 18, 068 22,434 22,026 26, 716
Kentucky _________- — - — 51,891 45,140 36, 532 40, 078 41, 565 45,008
Louisiana - - - - - - 40,061 33,175 29, 979 31, 521 32,402 36,197
Nlainn ________ ___ - -------- 7,407 6,051 5,847 6, 304 7,236 7,438
NI arvl and ___ ______ — — 14, 543 13, 641 12,047 13,337 13, 562 14, 796
Massachusetts __ _ ____ - __----- 95,221 83,901 72,937 75, 051 79, 495 86,609
Michigan _ ____ -- __________ 118,006 97, 779 78,999 81, 294 87,350 88,095
Minnesota _____________ __________ 48, 694 42,481 37,010 44, 231 43, 990 46,174
Mississippi ____ ______________________ 37, 504 31,458 29, 605 33,349 36,988 43,924
VliSSonri ____ - - ------------— 80, 309 69, 886 59, 442 65, 682 72,552 77, 618
Montana ______________ ________ — 13,511 10,960 10,244 11,581 11, 646 13,175
Nebraska _ _ _ __________ — 23,375 21,015 18, 815 22,053 23,452 27, 124
Nevada __ _ _ ____ - --------- — 1,528 1,482 1,265 1,602 1,697 1,799
New Hampshire ___ ______ -______ 7, 931 7,313 5,861 6, 637 6,823 6,873
New Jersey -____ - --- ------------------ 77, 378 66, 869 56,143 63, 785 63, 665 70,128
New Mexico ___ -- ___ ______ 10, 459 10,151 9, 822 10, 562 11,134 12,446
New York ____ _ -------------------- 186,429 153,484 131, 847 143,821 152,138 154, 321
North Carolina _ _ __ _ _ __ 40, 215 33, 742 32,984 35,049 38,194 42,098
North Dakota - - - __ _ 11,596 7, 355 8, 253 10,311 10, 718 13, 637
Ohio _______ - - -------- 186, 661 146, 288 123, 717 131,341 135, 566 140,163
Oklahoma ____ ___ - — 50,389 44,067 40,025 41,512 42,669 48,031
Oppgon _ __ -- _ _ _ _ — 14, 623 13, 254 10,571 11,852 12, 877 15,176
Pennsylvania - - ___ __ 145, 992 137,838 124,143 141, 645 146, 652 147, 270
Rhode Island _ __ ____ - -- _____ 12,839 12, 270 10,285 11,134 11. 582 12, 252
South Carolina _ - - ___ 39,159 34, 294 30, 761 34, 638 35, 291 39, 627
South Dakota _ - ____ __ 13, 277 11,186 10,731 11,736 12,537 15,159
Tennessee __ ____ __ ____ 40, 201 35, 567 30,079 33, 381 34, 943 38,846
Texas _______ ___ - - ------- 87, 707 81,159 70, 343 75, 255 79, 080 92,806
Utah _________________________ 9, 971 9,345 8,194 9.256 10,110 11,531
Vermont -__ - - - - - — — 4,759 4,095 3,670 3, 695 4, 028 4,400
Virginia ____ _ _ ____ _____ ___ 26, 314 22,020 19,874 22, 209 23, 247 25,434
Washington ____ _________ 30, 537 26,142 23,031 24,937 25,009 27,801
West Virginia _ _ _ _______ 38, 546 31,604 28,451 27, 370 30,085 32, 929
Wisconsin __ _ __ _ _____ - - — 57,727 48,632 44,014 48,330 46,684 51,847
Wyoming _ _ ____ __ 3, 447 2, 813 2,811 3, 047 3,099 3, 587
Alaska, _ _ _ _____________ 27 120
Hawaii ______ ________ - - - ______ 2,128 1,726 1,615 1,711 1,743 1, 755
Puerto Rico _ __ ____ ____________ - 1.013 1, 592 3,989 7,740 11, 387 11,088
Virgin Islands------------------------------------------- 17 30 311 809 1,188 1,278
i Data represent the average of the weekly employment counts made during the calendar month. Includes
projects operated by WPA and projects operated by other Federal agencies and financed by allocation
of WPA funds under the provisions of sec. 3 of the ERA Act of 1938 and sec. 11 of the ERA Act of 1939.
414
1940
TABLE 2. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—A verage number i of
persons employed on WPA projects, United States and Territories,
by State and month, for fiscal year ending June 30, 1940—Continued
State or Territory
January
February
March April May June
Grand total________________________ 2, 216, 314 2,309, 218 2, 310, 541 2,144,040 1,981, 661 1,755, 526
Continental United States_______________ 2,202,606 2, 293,466 2, 293,807 2,125,449 1,963,138 1,734,497
Alabama___ . _____ ___ 53, 873 54,276 51, 524 43, 716 39,500 34, 523
Arizona... . _ ________ ______ __ 8,096 8,498 8, 568 7, 615 6( 921 5(740
Arkansas______________ _______ 46,413 47,338 44, 791 36( 736 32,170 26, 941
California..________ _ 91, 230 94', 119 96, 614 92', 726 88( 683 75( 571
Colorado .__ __ __ 26,083 28( 300 29( 013 26( 365 21( 417 17( 234
Connecticut_______ __ . _ ____ __ .. 18,925 19, 740 20, 256 18, 292 17,962 16, 724
Delaware.____ . __ 2,469 2,495 2, 776 2, 851 2,812 2, 736
District of Columbia.. _ _______________ 11( 351 12,091 12( 032 11( 172 10( 749 10, 799
Florida.. ___________________ . ___ 40( 506 43,141 43, 757 36( 598 33,462 25, 379
Georgia______ ______ ____ ... . .. 49, 730 50( 735 49( 936 44,277 40, 667 35( 388
Idaho...__________ .... . .. __ 11,068 12,353 11,979 10,158 8, 877 7,237
Illinois__________ ________ _____ 165( 719 177( 694 180,965 172( 169 158( 333 135, 737
Indiana_________ . ______ __ . _____ 62( 344 64', 989 64,726 60', 011 53,800 47,345
Iowa ___ _ _____ .. .. _____ -. 25,682 26,849 26, 611 25, 783 24,825 19, 094
Kansas______ ... . ... ______ 29( 235 29,700 28,486 25,582 24,310 20, 374
Kentucky_____ . .. 46,578 48,877 49,683 43,793 39, 798 34, 463
Louisiana . . . ... 37( 471 36', 954 36,024 32,423 30, 834 24, 783
Maine ............. 8, 441 io( 000 9,927 8,905 7,581 6,246
Maryland.. ___ ___ _ ____ _______ 15( 067 15( 688 16, 099 15, 689 15,523 15, 220
Massachusetts_________ ___ _____________ 98( 372 103( 274 102( 481 89,061 75,925 65, 910
Michigan_____ _ .... 84,833 87, 750 89,150 84, 847 78,626 67,155
Minnesota . _ 48, 293 50( 014 49( 752 44, 230 39, 568 35, 674
Mississippi_____ __ . . . _______ 44,303 41,571 41,014 34,135 30,773 25, 758
Missouri ________ . .__ . _____ 85( 100 90( 295 88,885 79,999 72,447 64,411
Montana______ . . 14( 052 14, 725 14, 894 12,653 10, 524 8, 736
Nebraska ___ ____ .. . . 29, 040 31,123 30,139 26, 215 23,057 20,196
Nevada_____ .. ... . . _____ . . 1,942 2, 069 2,019 1,877 1,792 1,470
New Hampshire_________________________ 7,921 8,651 8,905 7,993 7,129 6, 234
New Jersey______________________________ 73,967 76,386 76, 756 72,561 63, 615 58, 511
New Mexico_____________________________ 13,056 14, 355 13,988 12, 058 10,912 9, 024
New York _____ ... ...__ _____ 156, 209 161, 303 158, 602 155,363 149, 510 145,146
North Carolina____ ____ _ __ ______ 45( 799 50( 596 51( 796 46,114 41,406 37,460
North Dakota__ _________.... ______ 15( 023 15( 969 14( 409 12,081 10, 856 9,598
Ohio . _____ .. ...... 140( 312 145,150 148,626 147, 273 137,118 118,994
Oklahoma_______ . _. . .. ... 50,908 53', 473 52,948 45,700 40,118 37,843
Oregon .... ____ __ ______ ... __ 15, 728 16, 093 15,574 14,803 14,097 12,658
Pennsylvania____________________________ 145,406 144,138 146,444 159,531 168, 219 158,605
Rhode Island _____ .... 12,937 13, 769 13,914 12,077 11,362 10,952
South Carolina__ . _ . _____ _ 43,435 45,880 46, 292 39, 079 34,190 28, 668
South Dakota ... . . ____ ___ 16, 184 16, 593 15,319 12,336 10,974 9,463
Tennessee .. . ... ______ 41,598 44,004 44,160 41,229 37,057 33, 600
Texas________ ________ . . ______ __ 99'. 602 106,046 106,056 93,678 84,850 73, 246
Utah.. __ _ .. . __ _____ 12, 253 13,321 12,489 10,881 9,623 8, 701
Vermont_______ ... .. ____ 4, 767 5,242 5, 525 5, 252 4, 542 3,833
Virginia__ ____ ... . _____ 26, 220 27, 569 28,210 27,541 27,002 26, 259
Washington . . . .... 31,723 32,648 33,018 30,846 28,735 23,557
West Virginia ..... 35, 257 37,104 38, 571 36,528 33, 282 30,012
Wisconsin_____ ____ _______ ____ ____ 54,145 56, 219 55,759 50,495 44, 257 38, 712
Wyoming_____ . .... __ 3,940 4, 299 4,345 4,152 3,348 2, 577
Alaska. _____ ____ ____ __ ____ ___ 323 517 460 338 282 241
Hawaii__ . ______ ___ _______________ . 1,767 1,784 1, 776 1,746 1,763 1,672
Puerto Rico . _ .. .. . _ .. __________ 10,476 12,285 13, 215 15,102 14, 790 17,356
Virgin Islands___________________________ 1,142 1,166 1,283 1,405 1,688 1, 760
For footnote, see p. 414.
415
TABLE 3. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—N um ber of persons em ployed on WPA p ro jects, by program , type
of p ro ject, and S ta te, June 26, 1940
Projects operated b y W PA an d supervised b y th e Division of Operations
Proieptc. P u b licly owned
onerated P ro iects . or operated
S tate or T errito ry tr o je c V b y o th er b yW P A wavs" P u b lic Recrea- utllltles E n glagencles
and ings fa?dl Sewage n th ._ air- v atlo n tlon surstreets
1 es collec- r ways veys
tion and ut; lv
disposal Iles
G ran d to ta l_______________________ 1, 664, 620 81, 378 1, 583, 242 1,175, 966 673,036 143,952 90, 224 99, 947 57, 974 22,174 39, 578 24, 067 8, 522 16.492
C o n tin en tal U n ited S tates______________ 1, 644, 508 73, 592 1, 570, 916 1,164,283 664,816 142, 763 89,915 99, 892 57, 493 22,174 39, 513 23,356 8, 522 15, 839
A lab am a________________________________ 34,445 914 33,531 25,622 19,553 2,760 543 1,138 230 68 474 645 194 17
Arizona_________________________________ 5,412 408 5,004 3,931 2,659 544 20 _________ 416 _______ 84 158 16 34
A rkansas________________________________ 26,001 912 25,089 19,565 15,574 2,307 374 148 129 256 88 252 426 11
California_______________________________ 70,012 5,172 64,840 41,853 12,320 10,412 3,382 2,333 5,222 2,191 3,973 111 356 1,553
Colorado________________________________ 16,263 2,987 13,276 9,827 4,449 2,438 378 886 363 543 485 166 56 63
C onnecticut_____________________________ 16,215 825 15,390 12,020 5,037 2,198 993 2,088 390 186 306 423 282 117
D elaw are_______________________________ 2,732 62 2,670 1,895 595 433 97 334 111 _______ 170 33 _______ 122 D istrict of C olum bia____________________ 10,465 2,551 7,914 5,519 560 505 125 1,072 193 2,944 _______ 70 _______ 50
F lo rid a__________________________________ 25,386 1,847 23,539 16,358 7,940 4,500 340 763 144 1,677 411 573 10 _______
Georgia_________________________________ 33,021 2,513 30,508 21,761 16,025 2,050 581 871 389 202 205 954 131 353
Id ah o ___________________________________ 6,884 1,407 5,477 4,747 1,642 755 118 151 383 _______ 1,452 156 7 83
Illinois__________________________________ 119,884 1,390 118,494 81,636 45,111 6,943 12,871 9,697 3,483 405 1,114 926 268 818 In d ia n a_________________________________ 42,466 726 41,740 33,037 21,591 4,268 1,413 3,574 344 161 982 506 60 138
Iow a______________________________________ 18,478 677 17,801 13,789 8,762 1,425 756 274 868 388 579 31 509 197
K an sas__________________________________ 17,258 1,601 15,657 11,936 6,080 1,408 1,918 294 968 489 261 401 68 49
K en tu ck y _______________________________ 34,692 1,626 33,066 26,728 19,977 2,875 283 1,578 505 32 30 431 35 982
L ouisiana_______________________________ 22,651 921 21,730 15,581 7,988 1,924 1,475 1,971 284 288 804 414 433 M ain e__________________________________ 5,962 463 5,499 4,293 3,120 391 132 372 30 141 44 8 55 M a ry la n d _______________________________ 14,896 2,090 12,806 10,432 5,407 884 269 783 97 995 1,043 131 823
M assach u setts__________________________ 58,678 2,950 55,728 38,123 13,140 6,446 3,218 5,015 2,956 1,489 2,400 14 1,083 2,362
M ic h ig a n ______________________________ 62,224 1,158 61,066 46,462 33,860 2,399 2,143 3,126 3,541 375 579 87 352
M innesota 34,073 1,066 33,007 24,208 10,756 3,279 3,867 2,164 1,915 349 1,500 309 69
M ississippi. . 25,108 464 24,644 17,215 11,628 1,685 276 182 429 23 627 2,310 55 _______
M issouri________________________________ 60,367 1,452 58,915 44,947 28,576 4,182 2,264 6,361 764 100 1,958 255 126 361 M o n tan a __________________________________ 7,990 1,609 6,381 4,029 1,918 715 349 198 106 122 404 90 63 64
416
N eb rask a 18,598 1,012 17,586 13,153 9,111 1,656 582 413 566 68 220 207 11 319 N ev ad a 1,497 112 1,385 842 331 112 222 71 42 _______ 22 38 4 -----------
N ew H am p sh ire 6,040 796 5,244 3,825 1,124 414 701 861 527 84 7 107
N ew Jersev ' 55,459 1,841 53,618 39,553 20,109 4,220 4,668 4,547 1,858 251 1,874 651 773 602
New Mexico’— / / / / / / _____________ 7,892 679 7,213 6,018 2,485 2,097 146 391 230 102 453 6 73 35
New Y ork 142,851 3,495 139,356 101,050 31,831 20,370 16,748 18,179 6,381 1,868 678 1,357 1,634 2,004 N o rth C arolina” ’ - - 35,905 1,934 33,971 24,719 16,084 3,214 1,306 648 1,530 349 310 1,120 52 106 N o rth D ak o ta ' 9,026 1,434 7,592 5,628 2,520 1,152 430 76 338 28 778 250 ----------- 56
Ohio ” 113,227 2,269 110,958 86,241 62,366 3,399 7,368 8,578 1,745 1,189 438 312 271 575
Ok lah oma '.._ /____________ 36,966 2,056 34,910 25,462 16,784 5,052 365 526 506 64 1,162 898 47 58
Oregon _ _ - 11,410 953 10,457 7,995 4,683 1,060 402 388 678 60 314 199 56 155
P en n sy lv an ia 153,238 3,216 150,022 117,590 82,690 9,976 8,142 5,592 5,203 424 3,450 1,193 641 279 R hode Islan d ’ - 10,484 409 10,075 7,382 2,026 367 951 2,958 311 _______ 269 290 27 183
South Carolina ” - - 28,396 1,582 26,814 19,819 8,811 3,081 359 641 5,120 411 36 812 ----------- 548
S outh D a k o t a / / / / / / / / ____ - _____ 8,863 1,326 7,537 5,290 2,160 901 121 484 110 95 1,054 349 16 -----------
Tennessee 32,649 949 31,700 26,464 19,616 964 583 386 525 262 718 3,278 132 ----------- Texas ’ ’ ” 70,074 3,854 66,220 43,947 27,803 8,815 1,655 1,852 1,701 165 890 871 46 149 U ta h ' ’ - 8,525 1,341 7,184 5,719 2,357 1,548 72 462 347 ----------- 642 148 94 49
Vermont’ - 3,345 434 2,911 2,038 1,381 113 76 176 173 28 91 --------------------------------------
Virginia _____________________ 25,734 3,383 22,351 14,796 10,106 1,262 395 908 789 169 421 455 10 281
W ashington 22,904 1,157 21,747 17,221 5,133 1,292 1,333 1,238 2,846 2,292 2,749 113 179 46
W est Virginia. _ 29,380 255 29,125 24,299 19,324 1,193 410 683 78 672 179 1,539 ----------- 221
Wisconsin Z 38,062 962 37,100 28,320 10,937 2,576 4,615 4,461 1,481 229 2,648 188 300 885 W y o m i n g ./ / / / / _____________________ 2,420 352 2,068 1,398 776 203 80 -------------- 148 24 60 32 ----------- 75
A laska. ______________________________ 234 234 ------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ H aw aii - 1,617 _•________ 1,617 1,524 674 696 31 55 23 ---------------------------------------------------- 45 P u erto R ico_ _ ./ _______________________ 16,888 6,230 10,658 10,159 7,546 493 278 -------------- 458 ----------- 65 711 ----------- 608
Virgin Islands___________________________ 1,373 1,322 51 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
i P rojects operated b y other F ederal agencies and financed b y allocation of W PA funds u n d er the provisions of sec. 3 of the E R A A ct of 1938 and sec. 11 of th e E R A Act
Of 1939.
417
TABLE 3. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—Number of persons em ployed on WPA p ro jects, by program , type of p ro ject, and S ta te, June 26, 1940—Continued
Projects operated b y W PA and supervised b y th e Division of Professional and Service Projects
sH in ™ Art R e’ m « . P u b lic S t< ltc Or TTnnco D istrlb u - S upply 1 0 1 1 ito ry ATE, T o tal s p s t pVi H is iiOU.se tin n n f fn n ri E d u ca' Recrea- L ib rarv music, S P ublic torical “ ealth keep- school n o n of fu d
10tal tion tion blDrary and a° d records records bewlng ing lunches O ther
w riting su rv ey h “ P £ al aides ”
G rand to ta l__________________ 390,692 26,890 36,336 21,673 18,111 30,350 28,439 7,332 10,931 110,367 26,727 23,539 21,634 28,363 16,584
C o n tin en tal U n ited S tates_________ 390,104 26,878 36,308 21,650 18, 111 30,337 28,427 7,315 10,931 110,367 26,727 23,539 21,207 28,307 16,529
A labam a___________________________ 7,627 708 608 386 15 619 314 80 240 1,729 620 348 459 1,501 282
A rizona___________________________ 936 119 153 46 107 55 27 77 35 198 17 32 70 137
A rkansas___________________________ 5,249 237 295 292 47 316 444 164 45 1,610 573 499 552 175 275
C alifornia__________________________ 21,416 1,610 . 3,294 1,020 1,537 1,487 694 276 496 5,642 1,270 417 1,656 2,017 1,571
Colorado___________________________ . 3,171 211 184 140 96 218 131 60 50 1,152 94 187 314 334 278
C o n n ecticu t__________________________ 3,294 338 119 91 300 161 368 70 66 828 166 4 97 686 76
D elaw are___________________________ 762 15 71 1 86 8 6 26 _________ 444 41 _______ 30 34 13 D istrict of C o lum b ia_______________ 2,355 102 115 68 150 210 696 85 123 258 101 204 131 112 40
F lo rid a _____________________________ 6,874 370 253 466 490 434 190 128 164 2,275 436 139 266 1,263 307
Georgia_____________________________ 8,286 841 507 513 63 627 282 159 185 2,759 602 776 581 391 461
Id a h o _______________________________ 642 124 106 19 _______ 11 8 21 _________ 239 _______ 1 65 48 88
Illinois_____________________________ 36,135 2,527 4,162 1,966 2,269 3,896 1,839 372 2,246 5,830 2,924 2,954 1,972 3,178 723 In d ia n a ______________________________ 8,359 471 1,459 535 298 584 368 200 81 2,433 784 151 446 549 344
Iow a_________ ___________ . 3,861 177 493 243 151 414 107 165 23 1,177 391 25 209 286 151
K an sas_______________________________ 3,619 282 287 168 79 99 138 104 24 1,489 280 112 282 275 102
K en tu ck y ____________________________ 6,012 432 459 469 64 704 459 69 119 1,836 464 214 411 312 326
L o u isian a________ 5,626 672 235 712 168 457 201 402 102 1,788 79 87 527 196 523 M ain e______________________________ 1,203 80 ________________ 99 22 161 53 _________ 649 22 7 101 9 3 M ary lan d ____________ __________ 2,083 101 270 201 78 218 202 151 _________ 640 ________________ 132 90 291
M assach u setts______________________ 17,388 639 1,428 821 1,098 1,149 2,467 176 197 5, 180 923 363 1,602 1,345 217
M ic h ig a n _____ __________ 14,050 797 1,900 672 1,366 1,261 717 317 46 4,203 585 494 659 1,033 554
M innesota . . . 8,001 409 876 828 512 904 623 117 247 2,402 372 286 159 266 798
M ississippi ____________________ 7,330 487 370 396 233 684 327 122 38 1,816 425 1,660 407 365 99
M issouri . ... 13,092 679 1,162 507 303 1,186 1,240 162 458 3,032 674 1,894 593 1,202 876
M o n tan a _______ ______________ 2,050 124 235 86 79 315 77 55 23 778 100 21 129 28 302
418
419
N eb rask a----------------------------------------- 4,141 321 I 639 215 117 318 188 80 23 1,271 289 14 274 I 392 292
N ev ad a -------------------------------------------- 497 43 58 30 10 24 11 30 _________ 245 19 2 16 9 46
New H am p sh ire____________________ 1,391 61 11 26 109 52 34 59 19 908 _______ _ _ 112 _______ 28
N ew Jersey ---------------------------------------- 13,646 238 684 970 1,110 999 2,061 656 387 3,453 1,378 431 336 943 419
N ew Mexico------------------------------------- 1,097 132 76 33 82 21 11 30 4 499 18 5 148 38 98
N ew Y o rk ------------------------------ 35,339 3,803 3,659 909 2,514 3,504 4,233 404 3,401 6,285 1,754 2,356 1,568 949 2,967
N o rth C aro lin a-------------------------------- 8,962 606 691 1,055 210 202 431 98 32 2,613 543 1,082 489 910 290 N o rth D ak o ta---------------------------------- 1,941 191 260 88 32 96 98 66 10 728 45 _______ 176 151 23
Ohio-------------------------------------------------- 24,050 1,111 2,381 2,314 982 2,146 1,994 539 710 6,840 2,119 1,105 827 982 667
Oklahom a---------------------------------------- 9,191 387 401 458 253 300 405 _________ _________ 2,479 1,142 2,352 852 162 257
Oregon--------------------------------------------- 2,249 226 217 121 232 202 95 113 5 751 135 35 91 26 213
P en n sy lv an ia----------------------------------- 31,651 2,299 2,584 445 1,089 2,757 2,684 318 340 12,467 2,776 21 1,267 2,604 781
R hode Islan d ----------------------------------- 2,475 233 225 92 113 111 182 65 45 1,231 57 12 86 23 218
S outh C aro lin a_____________________ 6,847 348 465 615 47 67 56 54 148 1,932 884 1,494 252 485 148
S outh D ak o ta----------------------------------- 2,192 171 261 121 42 341 5 29 5 722 96 43 182 174 55
Tennessee----------------------’------------------ 4,958 393 319 148 156 290 187 219 _________ 507 623 1,704 341 71 278
T exas----------------------------------------------- 22,156 1,348 1,535 1,606 342 811 873 387 330 9,667 1,848 782 996 1,631 117 U ta h ------------------------------------------------ 1,432 200 268 10 108 59 48 60 _________ 546 ________________ 77 56 33
V erm ont------------------------------------------ 855 106 77 27 51 44 222 69 2 211 20 _______ 26 _______ 18
Virginia-------------------------------------------- 7,454 457 378 589 196 432 346 110 334 2,733 307 279 168 1,125 101
W ashington ------------------------------------- 4,348 384 712 239 41 260 266 68 37 1,532 132 70 322 285 178
West V irginia---------------------------------- 4,615 790 422 289 167 136 322 70 _________ 798 482 753 221 165 211
Wisconsin---------------------------------------- 8,534 407 867 592 385 1,071 1,581 149 76 1,312 68 124 474 1,428 246
W yom ing--------------------------------------- 662 71 77 12 35 55 8 31 15 250 49 _______ 56 3 8
A laska_____________________________ ___ ,____
H aw aii_____________________________ 93 12 ' 28 23 ZZZZZZZZ 13 12 ZZZZZZZZZZ ZZZZZZZZZZ ZZZZZZZZ ZZZZZZZZ ZZZZZZZZ ZZZZZZZZ 5 ZZZZZZZZ P u erto Rico________________________ 444 ___________________________________________________ 17 ___________________________________ 427 _______ 55
Virgin Islan d s______________________ 51 _______________ _____ „ ______________________ ____ _ 51 _____________________________________ I__________________________________ _______________________________
TABLE 4. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—dumber and percentage
distribution of persons employed on WPA projects, by wage
class and type of project, United States and Territories, June 26, 1940
Program and type of project All employees
Project wage employees
Project
supervisory
emTotal
ployees
Unskilled
Intermediate
Skilled
Professional
and
technical
Group
B
Group
All WPA projects_______ 11, 664, 620 1, 597,887 105,409 934, 630 _2_8_1_,1_5_5__ _2_2_4_, 05■4 52, 639 66, 419
Projects operated by other Federal
agencies 2______________ ' 81, 378 78,258 442 46, 875 14, 390 15, 094 1, 457 2, 806
Projects operated by WPA,
total____________ ___________ 1, 583, 242 1, 519, 629 104,967 887, 755 266, 765 208,960 51,182 63,613
Division of Operations,
total__1_,1_7_5,9_6_6___1_,_1_3_2_,_957 4, 458 808, 701 159, 988 142, 795 17, 015 43, 009
Highways, roads, and
streets, total____673, 036 649, 077 3,231 501, 600 80, 091 55, 624 8,531 23, 959
Primary roads_____
Secondary roads
and feeders____
80, 827
294,152
78,049
283,431
541
1, 596
64, 270
225,437
6,226
31, 841
6,206
20, 815
15, 712
12, 891
806
3,742
2,778
10, 721
Streets and alleys...
Other highways,
roads, and streets
171, 219
126, 838
165, 364
122, 233
827
267
122, 666
89, 227
23, 673
18, 351
2,486
1,497
5. 855
4,605
Public buildings, total.. 143,952 138,004 326 68, 842 24,174 41, 961 2,701 5,948
Educational buildings—
Other buildings____
49, 029
94,923
46, 880
91,124
114
212
21, 576
47, 266
8, 591
15, 583
15, 702
26, 259
897
1, 804
2,149
3, 799
Recreational facilities
(excluding buildings) 90, 224 87,118 231 61, 734 10, 690 13,175 1,288 3,106
Publicly owned or operated
utilities, total.. 157,921 152, 397 406 108, 262 26, 792 14, 980 1,957 5,524
Sewage collection
and disposal_ 99, 947 96, 434 296 67, 219 18,443 9,302 1,174 3,513
Water purification
and supply____ 33, 059 31, 965 73 24, 426 4,059 2,954 453 1,094
Other utilities_____ 24, 915 23, 998 37 16, 617 ___4,_ _2_9_0_ 2,724 „ -3-3-0-- -- .-----9--1-7-
Airports and airways... 22,174 21,333 32 15, 214 2,766 3,031 290 841
Conservation, total____ 39, 578 38,124 60 27, 820 5,603 4,185 456 1,454
Land and water
conservation_ 23, 245 22, 379 47 15, 983 3, 667 2,407
1, 778
275 866
Other conservation 16, 333 15, 745 13 11, 837 1,936 181 588
Sanitation_____________
Engineering surveys___
Other__________________
24, 067
8,522
16,492
23, 060
7,976
15,868
58
31
83
13, 827
1,278
10,124
4, 517
2,853
2, 502
4,120
2,790
2,929
538
1,024
230
1,007
546
624
420
TABLE 4. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—Number and percentage
distribution of persons employed on WPA projects, by wage
class and type of project, United States and Territories, June 26, 1940—
Continued
Program and type of project All employees
Project wage employees
Project
supervisory
emTota
ployees
Unskilled
Intermediate
Skilled
Professional
and
technical
Group
B
Group
Division of Professional and
Service Projects, total_
Education_____________
Recreation____________
Library_______________
Museum______________
Art____________________
Music_________________
Writing_______________
Research and surveys - -
Public records_________
Historical records survey________________
Public health and hospital
work_________
Sewing________________
Production projects (excluding
sewing)____
Housekeeping aides____
Household workers’
training___________
School lunches_________
Distribution of surplus
commodities_______
Other__________________
Supply fund_______________
390, 692 375, 719 100, 454 75, 513 103, 775 61,967 34, 010 14, 973
26, 890
36, 336
21, 673
6,281
5,499
9,304
3, 308
30, 350
28, 826
6,945
10,931
110, 367
13, 555
26, 727
894
23, 539
21, 634
7,633
25, 430
34, 518
20, 780
6,050
5,187
8,821
3,085
28,701
27, 711
6,575
10, 634
107, 318
13, 068
25, 712
813
22, 722
21, 206
7,388
1,155
1,458
1,492
805
261
67
20
525
238
41
2,613
70, 242
5, 531
1,203
408
8,142
3,183
3,070
385
1,164
5,738
508
208
50
47
2,650
5,087
436
2,613
16,474
2,173
21,528
65
7,903
6,916
1,568
4,520
14, 916
9, 733
2, 310
1,020
275
870
15,229
15,060
2,899
3,023
14, 473
3,433
1,808
146
5,260
7,179
1,621
9,908
12, 536
3, 022
1,898
1,721
2,203
1. 307
7,428
5,882
2,395
1,146
4,918
1, 605
837
79
1,046
3,140
896
9,462
4,444
795
529
1,977
6,226
841
2,869
1,444
804
1,239
1, 211
326
336
115
371
788
233
1,460
1, 818
893
231
312
483
223
1,649
1,115
370
297
3,049
487
1, 015
81
817
428
245
16, 584 10, 953 55 3, 541 3,002 4,198 157 5,631
1 Includes 314 persons for whom wage-class data are not available.
2 Projects operated by other Federal agencies and financed by allocation of WPA funds under the provisions
of Sec. 3 of the ERA Act of 1938 and Sec. 11 of the ERA Act of 1939.
421
TABLE 5. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—Number of persons
employed on WPA-operated projects, United States and Territories,
by type of project and by sex, June 26, 1940
Type of project
Number of persons employed
Total Men Women
All projects operated by WPA--------------------------------------------------- 1,583,242 1, 339, 966 243,276
Division of Operations, total--------------------------------------------------------------- 1,175,966 1,173,004 2, 962
673,036 671,713 1,323
80,827 80, 784 43
CWnnHorv rnftHcj ADH fp.P.derS ___ ___ - - 294,152 293,525 627 O vUOLLtldl j IvdVlO diivi ivvuuio------------------------------------
S trects and alleys__________________ - - - - -_____ -______________ 171,219 170,880 339
Other highways, roads, and streets----------------------------------------- 126,838 126,524 314
143,952 143,495 457
Educational Buildings -_________________________ 49, 029 48,916 113
Other buildings.._ ------------------------------- --------------------------------- 94, 923 94, 579 344
Recreational facilities, excluding buildings------------------------------------ 90, 224 90,014 210
Publicly owned or operated utilities, total _ _____ ________ 157,921 157, 681 240
33,059 33,026 33
Sewage collection and disposal ____________ ________ - 99,947 99, 800 147
Other utilities--------------- ------------------------------------------------------ 24,915 24,855 60
Airports and airways----- ------- ------------------------------------------------------- 22,174 22,135 39
39,578 39, 503 75
I and and water conservation _ - ___________________ 23, 245 23, 222 23
Other conservation.. . ... ----------------------------------------------- 16, 333 16, 281 52
24,067 23,943 124
25,014 24, 520 494
T? Ticrinnprin or RllTve.VS _________________ ILIllg, odi vujo-------------- ---------------- ______ -_____________ 8,522 8,106 416
Other Operations Division projects---------------------------------------- 16,492 16,414 78
TU-rricU/iTi r\f 'Prz-ifncein-nQl and SPTvice, PrOlCCtS. total ______ __________ 390, 692 151,988 238, 704 UlVlSlOn 01 Jr I OieoSiouaJ. ajuu. oui viw x ivjvwu, -----------------
26,890 10,951 15,939
36, 336 23,994 12,342
21,673 5,127 16,546
6,281 3,782 2, 499
5,499 4,020 1,479
9,304 7,765 1,539
3, 308 2,049 1,259
30. 350 22,232 8,118
28,439 18, 550 9,889
TTiafnrincjl rPPnrriR Sill* VP V ________ _____ - - ----- ---- - - 7,332 4,435 2,897
"PnKlin bnnltb and Hosni tai work- ____ _______ - — - 10,931 4, 259 6, 672
JTUUllU llcdl vl_L dllVI JLivo^JivOii ----------------------------------------------- 110,367 6,807 103,560
13, 555 6, 886 6,669 L iOCiUULlUIl piOJcCbo (CAviuuiug, - -------------------------------------------------------------------- 26,727 364 26, 363
TTrmaabnlrl wnrlrprQ, traininpr ___ _____ 894 82 812
23,539 8,970 14,569
21,634 18, 041 3,593
±71SLriDUHULL U1 olLl]JlUO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other professional and service projects-------------- .-------------------------- 7, 633 3,674 3,959
16, 584 14,974 1.610
422
TABLE 6. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—Number of persons
assigned to and separated from employment on WPA projects,1 continental
United States, by month, July 1938-June 1940
Month
1938
July-----------
August____
September.
October___
November-
December. _
1939
January___
February...
March_____
April______
May______
June_______
July_______
August____
September..
October___
November-
December..
191,0
January___
February...
March____
April______
May______
June_______
Assignments Separations
Assignment
rate
(percent)
2
Separation
rate
(percent)2
Total
Initial
assignments
Reassignments
Total Voluntary
3
Discharges and layoffs
Total
18-
month
provision
4
Other Total
Voluntary
311, 568 147,170 164, 398 163, 062 117, 799 45, 263 45, 263 11.4 5.9 4.3
308,952 162,915 146, 037 191,195 137, 276 53,919 53,919 10.7 6.6 4.7
276, 846 149,430 127, 416 227,822 172, 581 55,241
54, 841
55, 241 9. 0 7.4 5.8
327, 085 179, 673 147, 412 212,827 157,986 54, 841 10.5 6.8 5.1
164, 774 64, 871 99,903 237, 812 146,192 91, 620 91, 620 5.1 7.4 4.5
97, 056 29,703 67, 353 294,146 115, 478 178,668— 178, 668 3.1 9.3 3.7
110, 301 36, 664 73, 637 215,876 103,322 112, 554 112, 554 3.7 7.3 3.5
239, 754 119, 066 120, 688 180,183 94, 707 85, 476 85, 476 8.4 6.3 3.3
177, 477 70, 531 106, 946 246, 314 133, 527 112,787 112, 787 6.1 8.5 4.6
114,938 29, 489 85, 449 340, 427 123, 582 216,845 216, 845 4.0 11.9 4.3
130, 592 31, 630 98, 962 275, 424 115, 748 159, 676 159, 676 5.0 10.5 4.4
139, 574 31, 775 107, 799 225,904 103, 169 122, 735 122, 735 5.6 9. 1 4.1
131, 979 25, 509 106, 470 485, 825 148, 394 337, 431 171, 074 166, 357 5.4 19.8 6.0
292, 897 85, 577 207, 320 784, 633 104, 205 680, 428 611, 733 68, 695 14.6 39.2 5. 2
404,188 105,901 298, 287 230,946 108, 069 122, 877 86, 364 36, 513 23.0 13. 1 6. 1
349,154 54, 230 294,924 243, 821 113, 834 129, 987 63, 820 66, 167 20.5 14.3 6. 7
329, 439 61, 498 267,941 197, 473 79, 284 118,189 55,925 62, 264 18.2 10.9 4.4
303, 348 68, 265 235, 083 185,945 64, 400 121,545 50, 726 70, 819 15.7 9.6 3.3
331, 857 85, 155 246, 702 213, 808 79, 078 134, 730 49, 602 85, 128 15.5 10. 0 3.7
259, 789 67,937 191, 852 204, 837 74,999 129, 838 48, 220 81, 618 11.5 9.1 3.3
205,803 49, 076 156, 727 292, 734 94, 963 197, 771 43, 817 153, 954 8.9 12.7 4.2
166, 743 29, 939 136, 804 338, 620 104, 358 234, 262 39, 021 195, 241 7.6 15.5 4. 8
155, 010 24,662 130, 348 304, 292 96, 780 207, 512 17,169 190,343 7.6 14.9 4.7
106,987 12,343 94, 644 377,742 81,785 295,957 8,561 287,396 5.6 19.8 4. 3
1 Prior to January 1940, data do not include nonrelief employment. Data for workers employed on WPA
projects operated by other Federal agencies are not included prior to September 1938.
2 Percent of total employment at beginning of month.
3 Includes separations for such reasons as new sources of income, death, illness, etc.
4 Separated in accordance with sec. 16 (b) of the ERA Act of 1939 requiring separation after continuous
WPA employment of 18 months.
423
TABLE 7. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—Hours worked, earnings
of workers, and average hourly earnings on WPA projects, United
States and Territories, by type of project, for fiscal year ending June 30,
1940
Type of project Hours worked Earnings
Average
hourly
earnings
WPA financed projects, total__________________________
Projects operated by WPA, total_______________ _____________
Division of Operations, total----------------- ---------------------------
Highways, roads, and streets____________1___________
Public buildings ______ __ . ________ _
3, 019, 348, 468 $1, 334, 519, 744 $0.442
2, 912, 005,127 1, 286, 318,966 .442
2, 168, 201,545 933,853,578 .431
1,239, 244,914
234,147, 394
174,113,124
282, 234, 690
35, 730, 255
99, 020,475
51, 508, 736
52, 201, 957
497,659, 210
114,817,127
83, 060, 326
129, 765, 078
18, 666, 359
43,144, 251
20,474, 311
26, 266, 916
.402
.490
.477
.460
.522
.436
.397
.503
Recreational facilities, excluding buildings___________
Publicly owned or operated utilities---------------------------
Airports and airways--------------------------------------------------
Conservation___ _ _____
Sanitation ______ _ ___ _ _____ _ _____
Miscellaneous________________________________ _____
Division of Professional and Service Projects, total_______
Sewing_____ ___ __________ _ _______ ______
720, 679, 864 337, 744, 656 .469
237,854, 239
482, 825, 625
92, 041, 441
245, 703, 215
.387
All other_________ _________ ______ __ __ . .509
Supply fund _ . __________________________________ 23,123, 718 14, 720, 732 .637
Projects operated by other Federal agencies 1_________________ 107,343,341 48, 200,778 .449
1 Distribution by type of project is not available. Includes projects operated by other Federal agencies
and financed by allocation of WPA funds under the provisions of sec. 3 of the ERA Act of 1938 and sec. 11
of the ERA Act of 1939.
424
TABLE 8. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—Hours worked, earnings
of workers, and average hourly earnings on WPA projects,1 by
State, for fiscal year ending June 30, 1940
State or Territory Hours worked Earnings
Average
hourly
earnings
Grand total.._____ _ ______________________________ _ 3,019,348,468 $1, 334, 519, 744 $0. 442
Continental United States____________________________ ______ 3,001,161,707 1,330,090,642 .443
Alabama_______________ _ ... __________ ________ 64,187,941
10,376, 268
57,381,539
129,279,860
33,859,629
27,645,773
3,685.669
15,726,965
55,776,306
65,180,032
14, 533, 298
233,649,780
85, 720,942
34,589, 620
36, 737, 367
66,770, 560
48,107,423
11, 270,468
21,271,711
128,243,165
129,854,393
65, 979,917
52,470,886
110,123,805
18,489,387
36,940, 357
2, 530,476
10,923, 780
102,888,803
17,462, 368
231,206, 331
59, 233, 507
17,437, 621
198, 238, 763
65,821,799
20,942,139
216, 892,841
17, 733,206
55, 467,400
19, 698, 373
54,995,968
124,165, 959
15,591,152
6, 535, 428
35,818,137
41,837, 320
48,702,945
74,044,348
5,139,982
306, 517
2, 564,167
13,595,272
1, 720,805
22, 500,124
4,935,636
19,087,543
66,900,384
15,409,215
14,390,458
1,678,631
8, 518,940
21,357,103
23,053,445
6,417,909
108,201,972
37,118, 302
14,887,178
15,015, 363
23, 213,389
18,103,315
4,697,172
9,573,406
65,889,576
60,998,630
30,599,005
16,953,142
46,233,017
8,574,874
15, 798, 526
1,138,172
4, 716,833
51,479,116
7,572,309
126,102,430
20,431,066
6,982,014
94,046, 532
22,790,519
10,456, 700
105,238,692
8,692,977
19, 776,068
7,728, 521
18,683, 635
44,077,481
7, 373,296
2, 738,814
12,956, 774
20, 717,189
19,888,911
34,116,636
2,279, 702
152,861
1,081,428
2,864,784
330, 029
.351
.476
.333
.517
.455
.521
.455
.542
.383
.354
.442
.463
.433
.430
.409
.348
.376
.417
.450
.514
.470
.464
.323
.420
.464
.428
.450
.432
.500
.434
. 545
.345
.400
.474
.346
.499
.485
.490
.357
.392
.340
.355
.473
.419
.362
.495
.408
.461
.444
.499
.422
.211
.192
Arizona__________________ _ ____ . .........
Arkansas__________________ _______ ___________ _.
California______ _______ ... . ... ._
Colorado____ ____________ __ _ _ ________
Connecticut___________________ ________________________
Delaware..
District of Columbia.. . . ________ ____
Florida___________________________ _________________ ..
Georgia_______ . ______ ______________ _ .
Idaho._______ .. -. . . ____ ... . ... _
Illinois _ _____________ . _ _ ____________ __
Indiana____ ___________________ ______ _. . __________ ..
Iowa... ... . _______ _________________ ______ __________
Kansas________________ .... ________________________
Kentucky.. ______________ _____ _________ _______
Louisiana___ ___ __________________________________________
Maine ... . _ ____ ...
Maryland_______________________________ .. . .
Massachusetts___________________ ________________________
Michigan. _ __________ __ ... _________
Minnesota. ... _ ... ______________ _
Mississippi____ . ....____ _
Missouri______________ ____ __ . _____________ _________
Montana______________________________ __________________
Nebraska... . . .... __________ ...
Nevada_________ ______ _ _______________ ...
New Hampshire... _ ... _ ...________ _______
New Jersey_____________ . _ ___ _ __ ______ ____________
New Mexico_____________ ________ _ ...______
New York ...
North Carolina.. __ ____ _ _____ ___________ _
North Dakota.. ... . _ ___________________ _ ______ _
Ohio... . ________________ _ _______ _______________________
Oklahoma...._______ _. _ ______ . _____________________
Oregon___ . ...____ __ ...
Pennsylvania __________ _ ... . ________
Rhode Island... . ... ._ _____ __________ _ ._ „ ___
South Carolina______ _______ ._ . ____ .. ________ _
South Dakota___________ _ _ ... _. _____________________
Tennessee________ - .. ...___ _ . _______
Texas________________ _
Utah________ ______ _. ... _ . ___
Vermont. . ...___ ... ___ _. _. _____
Virginia ______________ ___________ _ ... .. . ____________
Washington___
West Virginia____
Wisconsin___ _ . . _ . .
Wyoming____________ .... _ . ........
Alaska_______________ _ _ _ ... .. .. . .. ____________
Hawaii.. _______ . _ .. _____ __________________
Puerto Rico_______ ___ - ... ... _____ ____ ______
Virgin Islands__ __ _ _ _ _ _. ____ ____ ______________
1 Includes projects operated by WPA and projects operated by other Federal agencies and financed by
allocation of WPA funds under the provisions of sec. 3 of the ERA Act of 1938 and sec. 11 of the ERA Act
of 1939.
425
TABLE 9. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—Number of persons em ployed on Federal work and con stru ction p ro jects and recipients of relief, by program and S ta te, June 1940
F ederal work and construction projects Special types of public assistance 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F arm
Work N Y A p ro g ram s3-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------General Security
S tate P r o je c ts --------------------------------------Conser° ° t? er Old-ace Aid t0 Aid to relief 2 Nation
Adminis- S tu d en t Out-of- vation agencies assistance ^ U d re n * th e blind (cases) ^ a n t 3
tra tio n 4 work school work C o rp s« femulovees) (recipients) (recipients) (employees) vouchorsi program program (enrollees) T m Pioyces) fam ilies) vouchers)
(employees) (employees)
C o n tin en tal U n ited S tates_____________ 1, 734,497 313,367 269, 033 239, 573 8 392,621 1,970, 226 346, 287 71, 854 1, 372,651 60, 310
A lab am a____________________________________ 34,523 1,903 6,196 6,950 9,889 19,940 5,914 600 2,498 1,262
A rizona______________________________________ 5,740 1,855 670 2,547 1,738 8,136 2,544 356 3,614 4,234
A rk an sas____________________________________ 26,941 1,043 4,105 7,823 2,946 19,755 4,654 812 4,149 799
California___________________________________ 75,571 16,124 9,522 7,455 23,414 141,792 15,517 7,161 112,322 8,383
Colorado_______________________________________ 17,234 2,564 1,425 2,282 3,684 41,152 5,960 640 14,133 3,001
C o n n ecticu t_________________________________ 16,724 3,666 2,471 1,545 5,508 17,148 ’ 1,400 246 19,053 2
D elaw are____________________________________ 2,736 547 649 358 970 2,686 513 ___________ 1,259 34 D istrict of C o lum b ia ________________________ 10,799 1,682 1,337 688 13,078 3,353 933 210 2,131 ___________
F lorida- ________ ___ - _____ 25,379 3,665 5,926 3,730 8,852 35,222 3,783 2,351 9,820 548
Georgia______________________________________ 35,388 3,398 8,863 7,600 7,942 28,243 3,815 1,111 6,744 1,127
Id a h o ___________________________________________ 7,237 808 1,406 904 1,079 8,933 2,894 278 2,166 770
Illinois . ___________ 135,737 24,434 14,805 11,545 17,218 138,291 ’ 7,500 ’ 7,700 148,035 469 In d ian a . . . . ___________ 47,345 4,611 6,906 4,886 5,382 66,255 17,365 2,439 41,620 133
Iowa _ _ .. _____________ 19,093 7,307 4,989 2,651 4,197 55,109 ’ 3,000 1,460 28,789 141
K an sas________ ______________________________ 20,374 3,855 5,425 3,399 3,499 27,147 6,416 1,272 19,726 2,469
K e n tu c k y __________________________________ 34,463 1,468 6,029 5,704 8,554 48,734 ’ 290 ___________ ’ 5,600 238
L ouisiana________________ ________________ 24,783 1,815 6,059 5,398 6,464 31,882 13,081 1,067 9,677 528
M aine . . . . . 6,246 2,065 2,098 1,516 4,470 13,884 1,527 1,233 9,924 184 M a ry la n d .,. - . ______ 15,220 3,138 3,988 2,167 6,407 18,516 7,326 683 8,458 210 M assach u setts_______________________________ 65,910 11,789 6,978 6,801 20,679 86,005 12,114 1,183 68,133 17
Michigan .. 67,155 15,577 7,803 7,473 5,693 73,302 18,639 863 53,976 450
M in n eso ta ___________________________________ 35,674 10,148 6,555 6,286 3,861 62,908 8,864 935 35,948 983
Mississippi .. 25,758 3,262 5,932 5,439 8,449 21,510 9 104 780 1,166 1,103
M issouri 64,411 9,568 9,360 9,718 9,131 92,032 11,076 ’ 3,655 23,633 1,910
M o n tan a 8,736 630 1,420 1,862 3,630 12,175 2,370 195 4,931 3,790
426
274771—41----28 427
N eb rask a________________________ ____ ______ 20,196 4,646 2,927 2,639 5,544 27,784 5,428 688 10,501 2,115
N ev ad a_____________________________________ 1,470 143 327 233 1,173 2,272 ’ 100 ’ 15 869 22
N ew H am pshire ________ . __________ 6,234 566 1,508 527 4,925 5,785 673 321 ’ 6,900 41
N ew Jersey____ _______ 58,511 11,707 6,737 6,505 21,508 31,145 11,174 720 48,138 102
New Mexico_________________________________ 9,024 1,771 2,162 1,947 2,032 4,483 1,888 233 2,152 5,873
New Y o rk .._________________________________ 145,146 42,854 24,932 14,938 27,394 118,702 36,058 2,848 240,870 349
N o rth C a ro lin a _____________________________ 37,460 4,964 6,658 6,093 7,398 35,694 9,352 1,947 5,465 399
N o rth D ak o ta_______________________________ 9,598 2,373 2,467 2,867 1,361 8,822 2,368 181 5,080 1,943
Ohio .. _________________________ 118,994 17,080 10,969 11,018 10,942 122,885 9,934 3,947 86,345 292 O k la h om a ...____ ____________________________ 37,843 5,517 5,326 9,028 3,805 72,739 18,554 2,228 ’ 12,400 2,706
Oregon __________ 12,658 1,610 1,185 1,801 3,640 19,173 1,980 452 9,491 279 P en n sy lv an ia_____________________ 158,605 29,071 20,477 14,942 35,877 98,218 38,049 12,962 183,601 445
R hode Islan d ________________________________ 10,952 2,039 1,630 195 5,552 6,772 1,210 65 ’ 10,500 10
South C a ro lin a _____________________________ 28,668 5,435 4,394 5,218 8,938 19,796 2,964 794 2,185 413
S outh D ak o ta_______________________________ 9,463 1,225 1,970 2,444 1,799 14,752 1,900 238 ’ 5,000 5,470
Tennessee __________ ___________ 33,600 2,461 5,600 6,487 10,487 40,303 14,187 1,607 ’ 3,800 118
Texas . . .. ________________________ 73,246 14,957 15,157 15,889 13,656 118,380 ’ 95 ----------------- 12,384 3,886
U tah . . ____ _______ 8,702 2,346 1,359 939 1,442 13,639 3,392 202 5,445 583
V erm ont _______ . _____________________ 3,833 1,128 746 374 774 5,442 569 153 2,488 44
V irginia______________________________ ______ 26,259 6,325 6,209 5,456 17,111 17,438 2,975 1,023 7,460 30
W ashington . . . . ____________ 23,557 1,891 3,502 3,419 13,687 39,128 4,979 1,037 11,051 761
W est Virginia 30, 011 3,572 5,743 4,067 2,617 17,816 7,809 807 15,820 106
Wisconsin ___________________________ 38,713 11,956 5,513 5,262 2,130 51,545 12,303 2,008 45,803 825
W yom ing _____ ______________________________ 2,577 808 618 558 2,091 3,403 747 148 1,398 713
i In clu d es recipients of th e 3 special ty p es of public assistance u n d er th e Social Security Act and estim ated n um b er of recipients of sim ilar types of assistance not u n d er
the act. Figures for a n um b er of States include some cases receiving hospitalization and burial only. Revised through Ju ly 15,1940. Source: Social Security Board.
2 N um b er of resident families an d single persons receiving general relief. Revised through Ju ly 25, 1940. Source: Social Security Board. . .
3 N et n um b er of g ran t vouchers certified. O rdinarily only 1 g ran t voucher per case b y th e F arm S ecurity A dm inistration. Source: F arm S ecurity A dm inistration. , x. , . . . , . .. „ . , . „ ...
4 Average weekly em ploym ent during th e calendar m onth on projects operated b y th e Work W PA funds. Revised through Aug. 10, 1940. Source: W ork P ro jects A dm inistration. .
5 N um b er of different persons employed during th e calendar m onth. Source: N ational Y o u th A dm inistration.
6 Average enrollm ent during th e calendar m onth b y S tate from which 7 Average weekly em ploym ent during th e fiscal m onth on projects financed w ith PW A funds and projects financed in whole or m p art from emergency and regular
F ederal funds. Includes calendar-month d ata on P u b lic Roads A dm inistration projects financed w ith regular funds. Source: U. S. D ep artm en t of Labor, B ureau of Labor
S"ta tistics. ’8 IEnsctliumdaetse d4 . persons n o t reported b y State.
TABLE 10. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—Amount of funds
available to WPA during fiscal year ending June 30, 1940
Specific appropriation, ERA Act of 1939__________________________________________________ $1,477,000,000
Balances available from prior ERA Acts__________________________________________________ 42,823,577
Total funds available to WPA__________________ r___________________________________ 1,519,823,577
Transfer of WPA funds to—
Federal Works Agency, for administration____________________________________________ 79,000
Procurement Division, for work relief supply fund____________________________________ 500,000
Net funds available to WPA______________________________________________________________ i 1,519,244,577
Projects operated by WPA___________________________________________________________ 1 1,401,392,768
WPA expenses for administration_____________________________________________________ 53,660,944
Transfers to other Federal agencies____________________________________________________ 1 59,934,463
Miscellaneous (tornado relief and damage claims)_____________________________________ 42,000
U ndistributed________________________________________________________________________ 4,214,402
1 Includes $9,884,299 of 1938 Act funds which continued to be available for obligation through provisions
of the 1939 Act; of this amount $7,685,976 was available for projects operated by WPA and $2,198,323 for
WPA projects operated by other Federal agencies.
Source: IT. S. Treasury Department report on the status of funds and analyses of expenditures under
the ERA acts of 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, and 1939, as of June 30,1940.
TABLE 11. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—A mo unt of WPA
funds expended for programs operated by WPA and other Federal
agencies,' United States and Territories, by program and by fiscal year,
1936-40, and by month for fiscal year ending June 30, 1940
[In thousands; 000 omitted]
Period Total
Programs
operated by
WPA 3
Programs
operated by
other Federal
agencies8
Total___ .. - . .. ___ __ _______ ____ . ..... $8,254,491 $8,122,625 $131,866
Fiscal year ending—
June 30, 1936 _ ____ ______ ____________ ____ . 1,258,130
1,818,131
1,427,374
2,230,750
1, 520,106
1,258,130
1,818,131
1,427,374
2,157,200
1,461,790
June 30, 1937 ____________________________________________
June 30, 1938 __ _ ______ ___ _________ _ _ ___ _ _
June 30, 1939 _ _ ___ ___ _____________ ___ ___ . 73,550
June 30.1940 . . __________________ . . .. __ 58,316
1939:
July . ___________ .. .. ____ . 141,716
137,074
106,280
116,016
118, 565
133,301
121,060
120, 431
141,645
134,775
130,572
118,671
137,097
132,488
102,121
111,248
113,479
127,804
116,470
115,889
136,929
129,806
125,340
113,119
4,619
4,586
4.159
4,768
5,086
5,497
4, 590
4, 542
4, 716
4,969
5,232
5, 552
August_______________ ,__________________________________
September _ ____ .. __ ______
October ...... ...__ ____ ... . .
November . ___ _ .. __
December . _____ .... __
1940:
January____ _ ______ __ __ ___ ____ __ . .
February________________________________________________
March_____ . . __ ___ _______ . .__
April_____________________________________________________
May_______ ______ ________________________ -. ....
June ..... __ ... ....
1 Does not include programs financed by transfer of WPA allocations to the Farm Security Administration
under the ERA Acts of 1935 and 1936.
3 Includes expenditures for work projects, purchase of surplus clothing, aid to self-help and cooperative
associations, settlement of property-damage claims, tornado relief, and administration, including administrative
expenses of the NYA incurred prior to July 1939 when the WPA and NYA programs were administered
jointly.
3 Includes expenditures for work projects and administration on programs financed by allocation of WPA
funds under the provisions of sec. 3 of the ERA Act of 1938 and sec. 11 of the ERA Act of 1939.
Source: Based on reports of the IT. S. Treasury Department.
428
TABLE 12. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—Amount of WPA
funds expended for programs operated by WPA,1 United States and
Territories, by object of expenditure and by fiscal year, 1936-40, and by
month for fiscal year ending June 30, 1940
[In thousands; 000 omitted]
Period Total
Work projects
Administrative
2
Miscellaneous
3
Labor Nonlabor
Total_________ _ ... _. _________ $8,122,625 $6,915,349 $869, 615 $321,787 $15,874
Fiscal year ending—
June 30,1936_____ ... _____________ 1, 258,130
1,818,131
1,427,374
2,157, 200
1,461,790
1,040,351
1,472,934
1,231, 583
1,881, 011
1, 289,470
153,216
278,353
131,983
186,961
119,102
64, 563
66,844
63,808
73,401
53,171
June 30,1937________ ______ ____
June 30,1938___ .. _ ________ ______
June 30,1939____ _. _______ ____ 15,827
June 30, 1940...__ _________ ____ 47
1939:
July__________________________________ 137,097
132, 488
102,121
111, 248
113,479
127,804
116,470
115,889
136,929
129,806
125,340
113,119
117, 258
113, 524
89,292
97,214
97,849
113, 607
104,468
104,951
124, 390
115,598
112,151
99,168
14,652
14,155
8,449
9,538
11, 555
10,408
7,178
6,779
8,917
9,020
8,595
9,856
5,183
4,807
4, 344
4,496
4,075
3, 789
4,824
4,159
3,621
5,187
4,593
4,093
4
2
36
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
1
1
12
August. ___ _____ _______________
September... . . . _. ____ ______
October. . ...____ ___ _ _____
November .. . ___________________
December .. ...____ ____
1940:
January__ ________ . ..
February.. . ______ ______ _ _____
March______ _______ _______________
April .. ________ ________ _.
May___ _______ _ ________________
June_____________ ___________ _______
'Does not inelude WPA funds allocated to other Federal agencies.
2 Includes NYA administrative expense incurred prior to July 1939 when the WPA and NYA programs
were administered jointly.
3 Includes expenditures for the purchase of surplus clothing, aid to self-help and cooperative associations,
settlement of property-damage claims, and tornado relief.
4 Less than $500.
Source: Based on reports of the U. S. Treasury Department.
[Amounts in thousands; 000 omitted]
TABLE 13. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—Amount of WPA
and sponsors’ funds expended for WPA-operated projects,1 United
States and Territories, by fiscal year, through June 30, 1940
Fiscal year Total WPA
Sponsor Sponsors’
nonlabor
as percent
of total
nonlabor
expenditures
Amount Percent
of total
Total . ___________ ___ _. ___ $9, 578,382 $7, 784,964 $1,793,418 18.7 63.1
Fiscal year ending-
1936. __________________________________ 1,326,456
2,051,891
1,735,174
2,561,911
1,902,950
1,193, 567
1,751, 287
1, 363, 566
2,067,972
1,408,572
132,889
300,604
371,608
493,939
10.0 40.5
1937.... _______________________________ 14.7 46.9
1938 _______________________ 21.4 70.2
1939 . _________________________________ 19.3 69.0
1940 _______ ________________________ 494, 378 26.0 77.7
1 Does not include WPA projects operated by other Federal agencies and financed by allocation of WPA
funds under the provisions of sec. 3 of the ERA Act of 1938 and sec. 11 of the ERA Act of 1939.
Source: WPA expenditures are based on reports of the U. S. Treasury Department. Sponsors’ expenditures
are based on WPA State office reports.
429
TABLE 14.—WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—Am ou n t of WPA and sponsors’ funds expended on WPA-operated p ro jects, by major typ e of p ro ject and by S ta te, for fiscal year ending June 30, 1940
Highways, roads, an d P nhiio bniirtinO O 00 Ci r-4 0
& sggs 2SS
Am ount
S
s
£
815,633 1
274,749
g'g‘^s“s?
178,077
3838
888
33, 286
S co-*
W PA
3
I
519,748
189,816
§§§§§§
87, 538
37,438
47, 644
58, 747
33,685
8 SI
T o tal
P ercent
of grand
total
o
8
CD
S
5.2
2.5
2.9
3^8
1.9
S
00 MQ CD
CM CM CO CM
5.7
4.9
3.8
ci
CM CD O
A m ount
g
i
a
1,335,381
265,615
1^0
&88S
66, 971
£
8 S8
T y p e
1
1
c
Purchase of m aterials, supplies, and eq u ipm en t, to ta l_______
Stone, clay, an d glass p ro d u cts___________________________
C em en t______________________________________________
C lay p ro d u cts_______________________________________
Concrete p ro d u cts__________________________ „________
Crushed stone _ _____ ______
Sand and gravel_____________________________________
O ther stone and glass p ro d u c ts.______________________
M etal products (excluding m ach in ery )___________________
Cast-iron pipe and fittin g s___________________________ S tru ctu ral and reinforcing steel______________________
Iron and steel nrodncts2_________________ _______
!
5
L um b er an d its products (excluding fu rn itu re and fix-
B itum in u s m ixtures, paving and other__________________
T extiles_________________________________________________
M ach in ery and eq u ipm en t-----------------------------------------------
E lectrical m achinery, supplies, an d eq u ipm en t______
P aving, other construction, and tran sp o rtatio n equip m
e n t____________________________________________
O ther m achinery an d eq u ipm en t-------------------------------
438
439
. M •’ g.g» g-» 9 . « 1.7 Jg, 0.674 «”'"«■»»--...— .... -... a s as as as a s a ts as a.i
R ental of equipm ent, to ta l------------------------------------------------------ 820,505 34.8 293,862 526,643 64.2 175,178 3 0 8 25,986 149,192 85.~2
4 aS %{g «» iT»
gSI ?? I S « *B 3'S 4.8 I?
O ther nonlabor expenditures--------------------------------------------------- '203>270 8.6 56,005 147,265 72.4 60,604 11.4 12,109 4M 95 8 0 0
of th e ^ R A AcTo1fU1939PrOjeCtS operated by other FederaI agencies and financed b y allocation of W PA funds under the provisions of sec. 3 of th e E R A Act of 1938 an d sec. 11
2 N o t elsewhere classified.
TABLE 18. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—Physical accomplishment
and public participation on WPA-operated projects, continental
United States, cumulative through June 30, 1940, and during
selected recent periods
Item Unit of
measurement Number
Highways, roads, streets, and related
facilities
Highways, roads, and streets, total-----
Rural roads, total . ____
Miles . _ __ 517,431
_ _ do___________ .. 454,606
High-type surface, total_____ ____ do____ _________ 33, 712
New construction __ do ____ ____ 17,870
Reconstruction or im- ____ do____ ________ 15,842
provement.
Low-type surface and unsurfaced.
Urban streets, total _____
____ do_______________ 420,894
__ .do____ ___ ___ . 54,432
High-type surface, total _ do 22,184
New construction do______ .. _____ 12,797
Reconstruction or im- __ do____ . . . ___ 9,387
provement.
Low-type surface and unsurfaced.
Other roads (in parks, etc.), total..
_ . do______________ _ 32, 248
_ ..do_________ 8,393
High-type surface, total ___ ____ do___ ___ __ . 1,745
New construction . . ___ do. ... . 1,026
Reconstruction or improvement.
Low-type surface and unsurfaced.
..do . . . ____ 719
. .do___ .. _____ . 6.648
•
New construction Reconstruction or
improvement
Bridges and viaducts, total______ /Number. . . . . 64,426
2,024,645
39, 794
'(Linear feet .. . .. 1, 706,302
Wood bridges and viaducts— /Number_____________
(Linear feet______ _ ..
47,718
1,409, 719
4, 870
22,499
698,165
Steel bridges and viaducts____ f Number 13,495
^Linearfeet. _. ... 253, 590 851, 671
Masonry bridges and viaducts. (Number_____________
(Linear feet___________
(Number _ . __
11,838
361,336
780,438
3, 800
156,466
93, 640
Culverts.. . _ _______ ... \Lineai feet__-----—------ 21,343,386
60,332
57,158
2,400, 216
75, 203
74,480
Road drainage ditch and pipe,
total.
Road drainage ditch___ _ .
Miles________________
do_______ . .
Road drainage pipe do .. _ . ... 3,174 723
Sidewalks and paths, total. do.. . . ____ 17,166 6,195
Paved sidewalks and paths do. . .. . . 14, 258 4,496
Unpaved sidewalks and paths.
Curbs ___
. . do. .. ... . 2,908 1,699
do. ____ . . . 16,996 2,966
Gutters _ do___ . 4, 530 713
Guardrails and guard walls. _ . ... ..do _________ 2,022 1,000
Road and street lighting . Number of lights____ 22, 647 60,889
Traffic signs erected Number 692,000
Miles of line 5,054
Roadside landscaping Miles of road 36, 787
Car and railroad track removal... Miles_________ _____ 1,281
440
TABLE 18. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—Physical accomplishment
and public participation on WPA-operated projects, continental
United States, cumulative through June 30, 1940, and during
selected recent periods—Continued
Item Unit of
measurement
New construction
Reconstruction
or
improvement
Additions
Public buildings, excluding utility
plants and buildings at airports
Public buildings, total______ Number__ . 25,796
4,499
116
4, 383
7,071
327
942
5,802
1,142
132
131
815
224
1,870
1,670
236
1,553
6,453
1,799
3,019, 000
41
1,394
64,332
2, 521
1, 525
996
2,630
14, 836
1,465
1,932
8, 316
676
699
1,060
308
60
197
121
217
2,373
15, 340
1, 736
39
25,075
85
1,646
834
1,526, 059, 000
639
361, 467, 000
139
189,129,000
11,242
3, 429
9 tit
1, 486, 821,’ 000
17, 928
67, 724
29, 675
785
28, 890
4, 691
349
606
3, 736
3, 624
1,592
458
2,933
2,010
1,448
2,359
356
3, 618
14, 960
639
2, 669,000
236
5, 679
382, 760
8, 413
7,245
1,168
2,182
13, 361
121
144
2,719
298
69
79
53
14
72
24
324
4,315
32,321
914
144
254,416
45
11, 273
255
3, 066, 012, 000
339
2, 794,118,000
131
1, 876,455,000
2,899
1, 659
491
24,198,578,000
3,242
336, 000
3, 202
1, 676
55
1, 621
454
102
190
162
222
78
23
32
53
148
100
39
64
313
91
233,000
5
141
4,267
94
83
11
50
192
Educational buildings, total... . ____ do... ______
Libraries___ __ ______ do
Schools_______________ .. __ do..
Recreational buildings, total______
Auditoriums____ ____________
____ do________________
do_
Gymnasiums. _ __ _ . ___ do...
Other recreational buildings. __ _ .do__________
Offices and administrative buildings.
Hospitals __________________
____ do____ ______ .
___ do .
Penal institutions__ .. _ __ do___
Dormitories________ __do___ . .
Firehouses______________ ____ do________
Garages. ______________ __ do _ .
Storage buildings_________ .do____
Armories ... ___ do. _. ..
Barns and stables__ ______ _ ..do ________
Other public buildings... .. do.._______
Outdoor recreational facilities
Stadiums, grandstands, and bleachers.
Fairgrounds and rodeo grounds
fNumber.
(Seating capacity .. .
Number__ __
Parks________________________________
Playgrounds, total .. ___
f. ...do_________
(Area in acres. ____ .
Number
School playgrounds__________ . .do..
Other playgrounds_________ do ... .
Athletic fields (....do_____________
Handball courts____
lArea in acres_____
Number
Horseshoe courts _. do
Tennis courts________ do
Swimming pools.. do
Wading pools_________ . do
Ice-skating areas____ do
Ski trails________ Miles
Ski jumps________ ______ Number
Band shells.._ .. . do
Outdoor theaters. _ do
Golf courses______________
[___do________ .
{Number of holes
Public utilities and sanitation
Utility plants, total. .
(.Area in acres..____
Number_____________
f___ do______
78
12
7,581
Electric-power plants_____________
Incinerator plants___
(Capacity in kilowatts.
fNumber_____
■{Capacity in tons per
i day.
[Number ... .
Pumping stations. . . 11
62, 365, 000
43
31, 756,000
12
7,833,000
•J Capacity in gallons
I per day.
[Number__
Sewage-treatment plants {Capacity in gallons
( per day.
[Number_____________
4 Capacity in gallons
( per day.
Miles . _______
Water-treatment plants
Water mains and distribution lines___
Water wells________ Number
Storage tanks, reservoirs, etc f ...do_______
(Capacity in gallons___
Storm and sanitarv sewers Miles
Manholes and catch basins ... Numbp.r
Sanitary privies____
441
TABLE 18. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.— Physical accomplishment
and public participation on WPA-operated projects, continental
United States, cumulative through June 30, 1940, and during
selected recent periods—Continued
Item Unit of measurement New construction
Reconstruction
or
improvement
Additions
Public utilities and sanitation—Con.
Abandoned-mine sealing--------------------- Openings sealed______ 211,000
1, 926,000
13,938
2,172,000
2,881
1,247
2,153
492
161
1,032, 520, 000
4,973
4,318
7,217,000
439
93
125
1,431
13,432,000
Mosquito-control drainage
(Acres drained __ _ 1, 777,000
•(Miles of ditch and 18,473
I pipe.
■IVMLOnScqnUnlilfOA-C.nOnUnbtrlUnll ^orpyiraayvi np*------------ --------- Gallons sprayed______
Tnionhnnn onH t.plppranh linp,s Miles _ - ____ 1,739
1,245
957
98
143
420, 226,000
763
1, 365
Police, fire-alarm, and traffic signal
systems.
Miles of line
iLiecLriu-puwvx -- ---------------------------------------------- Miles_______________
dnc r»il and st.PPTYl TH DP. llTlPS ___ do__________ _____
Conservation, flood and erosion control,
and irrigation
Fish hatcheries_________ ____ — —
(Number_______ . . 90
•{Annual capacity in 104,261,000
I fingerlings.
Miles________________
do______ --- .
Planting oysters--------- ---------------- Bushels planted______
Miles ____ - -- 970
4
40
119
1, 798,000
4,118
6,926
769
3,164,000
4,370
JT en-i/fL+livooe culJnLHIU. HUIrUpdan.l rwta.Puu.rios------------------------------- ___ do______ _______-
____ do___________ ____
T±~te> tMaomini4nt»gcr twudq.IuIoq dQuT-lvdi rlPu.v’VuPit.mmPu.uTvltSo------------- do__ ___ _ ______
Square yards_________
Riverbank and shore improvement-----
Stream bed improvement. _ _ ----------
Miles _ _____
do ..______ _____
Conservation, flood, and erosion control
dams.
Irrigation systems___________________
Number 15, 815
285,000
960
(Acres _______
{Miles of ditch, canal,
I pipe, or flume.
(Number_____________
Airport and airway facilities
Facilities at airports and landing
areas:
New construction
Reconstruction
or improvement
Additions
Surfacing
197
23,455
1,971,000
474
73
167
234
25
203,000
69
1,915
8, 523
87
759
10,493
67
317
49,894
433,000
1,088
60
259
769
2
29,000
17
191
1,853
29
60
2,870
15
50
Landing fields-------------------------- --- 2,845
Runwavs _ .
(Area in acres _ -
Linear feet. _________ 221,000
Airport buildings total Number_____ ___ ___ 65
14
10
41
'Administrative and terminal
buildings.
Hangars - - ____ _
do _
____ do________________
Other airport buildings do__________ ____
Seaplane ramps and landing
platforms.
f do .
tArea in square feet___
Landing areas floodlighted------------ (Number lighted_____
Boundary lights
[Number of lights
do.____ _______
Airport drainage________ _ _____
(Number drained
•{Miles of ditch and
I Pipe.
Number____
Airway facilities:
Airway markers
Airway beacons__________________ ------ do-------------------------
442
TABLE 18. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—Physical accomplishment
and public participation on WPA-operated projects, continental
United States, cumulative through June 30, 1940, and during
selected recent periods—Continued
Item Unit of measurement New construction
Reconstruction
or improvement
Additions
Miscellaneous items
Cemeteries___ ____________ _____ .. (Number..___ . _ 17 829 77
\Area in acres_________
Acres-- -- ____ _
237
Landscaping and beautification, other
9, 556
97,116
63
723
than roadside and parks.
Ornamental pools and fountains. _ _ . Number.__ _ .... 743
Monuments and historic markers . .. ..do . 981 126
10,847,000
16,838
103
Drainage, other than airport, roadside,
and mosquito control.
Tunnels, total___ __ ___ ___
[Acres drained________
Miles of ditch and
1. Pipe.
(Number_____________
(Linear feet___________
f N umber
3, 538, 000
5,004
708
Vehicular tunnels. ... .. ..____
316,708
21
62,008
fi
tLinear feet _ .-.------ 2, 671
142
5, 683
Pedestrian tunnels. .. .. ______ . (Number... 31
(Linear feet 9, 828
66
24,476
Other tunnels____________________ Number _____ ___ _ 545
Linear feet____ _ ____ 289, 561
277
46,497
267
188
Docks, wharves, and piers.____ Number ____
Artificial channels, other than drain- Miles____ __ __ 73
age and irrigation.
Number
Education, art, and music activities
(during June 1940)
Adult education:
Literacy and naturalization Enrollment ... 257,876
188,750
15,261
398,667
127,272
1,369
39,853
29,069
41,826
170,875
4,668
3,957,910
Vocational training.. ___ . do_ . _ - __
Correspondence work____ . . do .. -_ _______
Other adult education___ _____ _.do. ..- .. _______
Lectures and forums... _ . ... Attendance ... ...
Nursery schools______________________
Special instruction for institutionalized
and handicapped persons.
Art instruction._________ ______...
(Schools....___________
(Enrollment__________
____ do________________
do ___________ ..
Music:
Instruction.. _ ...__ __________ . do___ ______ .
Concerts____ _____________ ____ fPerformances - __ __
(Attendance ____
Total Children Adults
Public health and hospital activities
Clinic and other health services (during
a 2-week period in January 1940):
Dental clinics:
Examinations and treatments.
Medical clinics:
Examinations and treatments.
Tests . .. __ _ ... ..
Persons receiving service.
____ do________________
do
35,100
119, 300
20, 900
10, 700
17,000
1,300
1,700
36, 600
33,100
3,100
34, 700
27, 200
1,700
27, 300
21, 700
4,400
7, 400
11,100
1,000
600
7, 800
97, 600
16, 500
3, 300
5,900
300
Immunizations ... ... do
Home visits:
Examinations and treatments .do. -_ .... _ .
Tests. _ _ _ _ do _ _
Immunizations . . ._ do 1,100
School services:
Examinations and treatments . ..do. .. _ _ ____ 36, 600
33,100
3,100
25, 300
10,900
1, 600
Tests.. . ___ ___ do . . ____
Immunizations .. ..... do. . .
Other services’
Examinations and treatments _ . do. ______ . .. . 9,400
16, 300
100
Tests ______ _ _. .do. . - _ . ..
Immunizations_______________ ____ do________________
274771—41----29
443
TABLE 18. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.— Physical accomplishment
and public participation on WPA-operated projects, continental
United States, cumulative through June 30, 1940, and during
selected recent periods—Continued
Item Unit of measurement Number
Public health and hospital activities—
Continued
Housekeeping-aide services:
Families assisted (during month of
December 1939).
Visits made (cumulative through
Dec. 31, 1939).
School-lunch services:
During March 1940._____ ________
Cumulative through Dec. 31, 1939.
(Schools serviced______
(Lunches served______
___ do________________
57,000
17,159,000
13,720
22,817,000
384,213,000
Library and book-repair activity
Library units operated or assisted
(during December 1939), total.
General public-library units______
Public-school library units________
Other library units_______________
Bookmobiles_____________________
Book renovation (cumulative through
Dec. 31, 1939), total.
General public-library volumes...
Public-school library volumes____
Other library volumes___________
Braille (cumulative through Dec. 31,
1939): Pages transcribed.
9,358
3,358
5,066
799
135
67,364,000
32,611,000
26,407,000
8, 346,000
3, 909,000
Sewing and food preserving (cumulative
through Dec. 31, 1939)
Garments completed, total (excluding
layettes)
Men’s garments__________________
Women’s garments_______________
Boys’ garments___________________
Girls’ garments___________________
Infants’ garments (excluding layettes).
Articles other than garments__________
Food preserving:
Quarts canned____________________
Pounds dried____ _________________
222,683,000
47,299,000
57,793,000
41,288,000
48,342,000
27,961,000
— 67,960,000
42,203,000
1,819,000
Writers and art projects
(cumulative through June 1940)
Writing:
Books published_____________ ____
Pamphlets published_____________
Art:
Index of American Design plates..
Easel works______________________
Fine print designs_______________
Sculptures.._____________________
134
565
18,833
66. 896
10,092
10, 451
444
TABLE 19. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION. Facilities1 constructed
or improved on projects operated by the WPA for use of military and
naval agencies, and for development of civil airports and airways, continental
United States, cumulative through June 30, 1940
Item Unit of measurement
New construction
Reconstruction
or improvement
Additions
Buildings (other than utility plants and airport Number ._ ._ 1,615 9, 886 193
buildings), total.
Administrative buildings___ ___ ______ do 53 301 11
Hospitals and infirmaries. ___________ . do 20 151 3
Garages______________ ___ ___________ ... do 173 562 14
Storage buildings ____________________ _ do 221 1,576
356
16
Armories.. _______________ ________________ do 236 39
Barracks and officers’ residences________ .. do 329 3, 562
510
37
Mess halls and kitchens_____________ _ _ _ do 255 17
Barns and stables_______ ___ __________ do_ 24 224 19
Other buildings___________________ ____ ... do 304 2,644 36
Utility plants__________ ___________________ do 49 52
Water mains and distribution lines_____ _____ Miles _. 156 69
Storm and sanitary sewers_____________ ____ do 252 64
Telephone and telegraph lines___________ _ _ ... do 114 49
Electric power lines...___ _________ ________ do. 210 524
Facilities at airports and landing areas:
Landing fields_____ _ _ _____ Number 197 317 50
Runways___________________ _ _ _ _._ Linear feet 1, 971,000 653,000
Airport buildings, total______ _ ______ . Number 474 1,088 65
Administrative buildings___________ __ do ... 73 60 14
Hangars____ _ __ _____ _____ do 167 259 10
Other airport buildings 2_________ _ .. _ do___ 234 769 41
Seaplane ramps and landing platforms___ _ ____ do____ ____ 25 2
Landing areas floodlighted... ._ ________ _ ___ do 69 17
Airway facilities:
Airway markers_________ _ .. __ . . do 10, 493
67
2,870
Airway beacons_____ __________________ ... . .. do... 15
1 These totals are included in WPA table 18.
Includes seaplane base buildings.
445
Number of public buildings
TABLE 20. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.— Selected items of
physical accomplishment on construction projects operated by WPA,
continental United States, by State, cumulative through June 30, 1940
State
Miles of
highways,
roads,
and
streets
(new
and improved)
Schools All other Number
of
bridges
and viaducts
(new
and improved)
Number
of
culverts
(new
and improved)
Number
of
parks
(new
and improved)
Number
of
Playgrounds
and
athletic
fields
(new
and improved)
New
construction
and
additions
Reconstruction
or improvement
New
construction
and
additions
Reconstruction
or improvement
Total___________ 517, 431 6,004 28, 890 22,994 38, 834 104, 220 874, 078 7,073 15, 746
Alabama___ _. .. .. 17,491 208 507 413 504 9, 356 37, 381 28 245
Arizona__________ 2,028 44 220 236 139 295 4, 563 10 44
Arkansas_____________ 7,890 376 443 606 268 4,470 26,972 36 112
California... .. 9, 533 232 718 1,614 2,462 1,330 16, 884 408 668
Colorado____ . . . 7, 169 102 367 409 602 2,924 17, 608 134 167
Connecticut__________ 3,244 12 459 223 529 324 3, 401 134 149
Delaware . ... 102 3 41 24 215 16 40 18 21
District of Columbia.. 133 11 36 312 64 93 118
Florida_______________ 6,206 245 278 601 268 1,237 6, 272 146 191
Georgia. 7,333 291 495 393 1,334 2, 531 26, 251 122 350
Idaho ________________ 3,188 29 54 173 73 917 7, 499 39 53
Illinois . ______ 37, 949 70 846 680 1, 630 10, 799 81, 017 519 953
Indiana.. .... 20, 253 48 845 549 1,177 2, 620 25, 372 350 357
Iowa... .. . _ 25; 224 35 173 405 417 5, 537 29, 241 235 162
Kansas__ _ 16, 061 66 128 392 289 984 15, 546 131 188
Kentucky _ ___ ____ 9,391 300 784 387 880 3, 216 55. 896 29 153
Louisiana __________ 3; 611 57 303 264 412 i; 734 7,978 20 113
Maine__________ ______ 1, 698 17 91 51 69 221 3, 862 34 57
Maryland___ .... 1,009 13 448 150 743 196 3, 751 50 155
Massachusetts________ 3, 518 9 1,290 387 1,988 289 2, 785 280 461
Michigan. 18, 643 122 1,006 690 1,401 578 58, 053 281 452
Minnesota_____ 21; 801 145 '893 1, 084 1, 076 1, 189 24, 137 299 453
Mississippi 12, 700 184 200 489 118 7, 950 17, 026 25 104
Missouri . . 18', 755 311 611 255 404 1, 433 38; 905 173 734
Montana _ ___ 8,186 28 297 331 506 2; 441 12, 258 89 211
Nebraska _ __ 11, 463 51 253 387 994 6,214 20, 338 170 111
Nevada ... L 810 3 34 147 55 137 1, 004 27 31
New Hampshire_____ 1,344 65 70 98 238 3, 768 41 67
New Jersey___________ 4, 956 22 910 472 1,887 362 2, 321 317 490
New Mexico. 3,184 291 225 300 68 1,532 2. 810 33 125
New York... _ 8, 287 19 901 1, 061 3, 748 710 12, 389 476 790
North Carolina..... 9, 679 155 1,075 ' 594 ' 401 455 7,262 90 494
North Dakota. _ ... 13, 645 46 1, 388 414 499 915 12. 409 122 240
Ohio__________ ____ 20; 123 74 1,648 862 3,621 6, 445 43, 484 485 790
Oklahoma____________ 25, 548 748 1, 880 1, 067 435 3,193 43, 426 111 1,955
Oregon. _. _ . 4.193 42 114 310 279 376 7, 909 78 181
Pennsylvania. .. 14,104 100 2,867 765 2, 526 1, 571 29,142 310 1,119
Rhode Island___ ______ ' 599 ' 160 47 ' 282 34 106 34 52
South Carolina___ __ 8,136 623 1,298 920 637 1, 005 7, 936 71 286
South Dakota____ __ 14, 643 78 159 243 241 1, 115 8,019 93 74
Tennessee. .. ... 31, 053 227 538 419 85 4, 778 43, 533 65 266
Texas_________________ 24; 348 235 262 973 951 6; 852 24; 118 173 454
Utah_______________ 3', 740 25 177 240 343 1, 025 7, 886 26 151
Vermont_____ ... 1, 451 7 106 34 179 ' 530 3', 131 14 23
Virginia. ._ ... 5; 798 134 817 222 994 350 7, 713 34 206
Washington________ _ 9, 859 50 457 703 688 827 25, 802 176 574
West Virginia___ „ _ 14, 778 51 1, 482 599 311 1, 119 19, 081 26 151
Wisconsin___________ 18; 131 58 ' 485 1, 137 1, 506 ' 699 14, 699 389 391
Wyoming_____________ 3', 443 18 81 ' 166 ' 190 1,151 3,030 29 54
446
TABLE 20. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION.—Selected items of
physical accomplishment on construction projects operated by WPA,
continental United States, by State, cumulative through June 30,
1940—Continued
State
Milos of water
mains and
distribution
lines
Miles of storm
and sanitary
sewers
Miles of
bulkheads,
retaining
walls,
and
revetments
(new
construction)
Number
of sanitary
privies
(new
construction)
Drainage other
than roadside—
miles of ditch
and pipe
Now
construction
Reconstruction
or
improvement
New
construction
Reconstruction
or
improvement
New
construction
Reconstruction
or
improvement
Total______ ___ 11, 242 2,899 17, 928 3, 242 1, 933,032 19,642 35,351 1, 556
Alabama .. .. ______ 98
106
38
1,042
199
66
31
33
167
169
142
523
204
219
367
94
194
45
98
471
525
242
74
396
111
214
28
29
172
72
923
257
67
594
266
219
389
14
184
100
90
402
303
41
244
545
58
314
63
7
44
172
76
13
207
34
53
845
181
304
45
92
271
386
93
1,326
449
221
121
383
386
81
152
682
1,232
508
180
644
111
295
17
123
565
185
1, 301
438
66
1, 718
231
70
962
119
215
85
120
577
207
42
234
301
235
796
39
31
(>)
62
77
3
63
28, 086
19,169
51,897
20, 233
26, 770
66
2,992
1, 287
20
173
173
26
547
1,099
89
645
941
82
1, 555
92
82
145
49
208
19
36
486
589
128
600
21
7
53
4
24
632
277
1,775
2, 442
20
421
244
66
141
160
2,017
6
653
363
99
1
820
153
42
125
5
13
(')
771
166
51
22
832
11
410
459
466
858
145
292
12
27
938
3
103
145
8,985
215
68
934
32
30
19
129
54
26
23
14
15
18
32
54
18
30
26
6
3
24
54
14
46
3
44
8
22
68
75
24
89
15
2
77
23
29
174
34
21
6
38
36
18
9
24
45
39
32
6
Arizona_______
Arkansas ______
California__ __________ _.
Colorado . .....
Connecticut________
Delaware_____ ____ ______
District of Columbia_____ 1
31
21
77
1,195
14
14
31
2
15
1
13
47
157
9
16
27
17
40
84
37
15
62
87
91
168
105
53
2
9
12
1
151
32
8
29
37
6
33
17
12
49
9
9
369
98
17
47
71
20
3
5
128
38
79
7
60
2
64
4
(')
222
Florida.. 24, 353
44, 415
18, 747
55, 019
90, 993
11,226
43, 454
58, 351
46, 467
Georgia___
Idaho__ .... .
Illinois _. ___
Indiana _ . __ _
Iowa____ .
Kansas_______ . _______
Kentucky...
Louisiana.. ..
Maine. .. . _______
Maryland _ 11, 544
180
196
239
127, 666
2, 734
15,316
30, 709
2,919
33
22,120
16, 422
832
131,456
29, 810
69, 748
86, 413
14,823
48, 628
16
103.186
32, 765
184,150
56, 843
25, 266
2
125,478
15, 666
213,154
16,194
6,286
Massachusetts____________
Michigan. . .
Minnesota..
Mississippi_______________
Missouri.. ..... . .
Montana. . ___
Nebraska ... _. . .. .. 76
9
1,061
111
13, 432
362
2
1,262
15
237
53
275
172
18
458
767
94
Nevada. . .. __ ..
New Hampshire__________
New Jersey____ . . _
New Mexico_____________
New York.. 909
10
28
122
64
20
273
119
2
123
27
25
16
19
61
1
North Carolina___________
North Dakota____________
Ohio_____________________
Oklahoma._______________
Oregon___________________
Pennsylvania___ . .
Rhode Island___
South Carolina___________
South Dakota____________
Tennessee________________
Texas___ _
Utah_______ .
Vermont. ... . ___ ..
Virginia.____ ... 672
271
4
131
6
Washington____________ .
West Virginia____________
Wisconsin____ ... . .
Wyoming___ _________
i Less than 0.5 mile.
447
Selected List of Publications of the
Work Projects Administration
Annual and Monthly Publications:
Report on Progress of the WPA Program. Issued monthly from March to
August 1936,1 and thereafter as follows: October 1 and December 1 1936;
March,1 June,1 and December 1 1937; June 1938, June 1939, and June 1940.
WPA Statistical Bulletin. Issued monthly, March 1939 to date.
Federal Work Programs and Public Assistance. Issued monthly, July
1939 to date.
Federal Work and Construction Projects. Issued monthly, October 1938
to date.
Monthly Report of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. (May
1933 through June 1936.)
Index of the monthly reports of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration,
June 1933 through June 1936. (1937.)
Research Studies and Special Reports:
Catalog of Research and Statistical Publications (January 1940).
Index of Research Projects:
Volume I (1938).
Volume II 1 (1939).
Volume III (1939).
A Survey of Relief and Security Programs.1 (1938.)
Trends in Relief Expenditures, 1910-35. (1937.)
Chronology of Federal Emergency Relief Administration, May 12, 1933 to
December 31, 1935. (1937.)
Statistical Report of the FERA. (In press.)
Statistical Summary of Emergency Relief Activities, January 1933 through
December 1935.1 (1937.)
General Relief Statistics for the Fifteen-Month Period, January 1936 through
March 1937. (1938.)
Average General Relief Benefits, 1933-38. (1940.)
Analysis of Civil Work Program Statistics. (1939.)
Digest of State Legislation for the Financing of Emergency Relief, January
1, 1931-June 30, 1935. (1935.)
Legislative Trends in Public Relief and Assistance. (1936.)
State Public Welfare Legislation. (1939.)
Workers on Relief in the United States in March 1935:
Volume I-—A Census of Usual Occupations. (1938.)
Volume II—Study of Industrial and Educational Backgrounds. (1939.)
i Out of print.
448
Research Studies and Special Reports—Continued.
Usual Occupations of Workers Eligible for Works Prograna Employment in
the United States, January 15, 1936. (1937.)
Urban Workers on Relief:
Part I-—The Occupational Characteristics of Workers on Relief in
Urban Areas, May 1934. (1936.)
Part II—The Occupational Characteristics of Workers on Relief in 79
Cities, May 1934. (1936.)
Changing Aspects of Urban Relief. (1939.)
Six Rural Problem Areas, Relief—Resources—-Rehabilitation.1 (1935.)
Comparative Study of Rural Relief and Non-Relief Households.1 (1935.)
Areas of Intense Drought Distress, 1930-36. (1937.)
The People of the Drought States. (1937.)
Relief and Rehabilitation in the Drought Area. (1937.)
Farmers on Relief and Rehabilitation. (1937.)
Part-Time Farming in the Southeast. (1937.)
Rural You,th on Relief. (1937.)
Changing Aspects of Rural Relief. (193? j
Five Years of Rural Relief. (1938.)
Effects of the Works Program on Rural Relief. (1938.)
Rural Youth: Their Situation and Prospects. (1938.)
Farming Hazards in the Drought Area. (1938.)
Rural Families on Relief. (1938.)
Youth in Agricultural Villages. (1940.)
Landlord and Tenant on the Cotton Plantation.1 (1936.)
The Plantation South, 1934-37. (In press.)
Rural Regions of the United States. (1940.)
Seven Stranded Coal Towns. (In press.)
The Pecan Shelters of San Antonio. (1940.)
The Transient Unemployed.1 (1935.)
The Migratory-Casual Worker. (1937.)
A Survey of the Transient and Homeless Population in 12 Cities, September
1935 and September 1936. (1937.)
Migrant Families. (1938.)
Rural Migration in the United States. (1939.)
Migratory Cotton Pickers in Arizona. (1939.)
Mexican Migratory Workers of South Texas. (In press.)
Survey of Cases Certified for Works Program Employment in 13 Cities.
(1937.)
Employment on Projects in March 1936, WPA, Including NY A.1 (1936).
Age of Persons From Relief Rolls Employed on WPA Projects in June
1936.1 (1937.)
Age of WPA Workers, November 1937. (1938.)
Assigned Occupations of Persons Employed on WPA Projects, November
1937.1 (1939.)
The Skill of Brick and Stone Masons, Carpenters, and Painters Employed
on Works Progress Administration Projects in Seven Cities in January
1937.1 (1937.)
Hourly Wage Rates for WPA and for Private and Other Public Construction,
1938, Selected Occupations.1 (1939.)
Leisure-Time Leadership: WPA Recreation Projects.1 (1938.)
i Out of print.
449
Research Studies and Special Reports—Continued.
Community Recreation Programs, February 1940. (1940.)
Physical Accomplishments on WPA Projects: Through June 30, 1940,
U. S. and State Summaries. (1940.)
Survey of Workers Separated from WPA Employment in Eight Areas During
the Second Quarter of 1936. (1937.)
Survey of Workers Separated from WPA Employment in Nine Areas, 1937.
(1938.)
Former Relief Cases in Private Employment. (1939.)
Construction Expenditures and Employment, 1925-36.1 (1937.)
Construction Expenditures and Employment, 1937 Compared with 1936.1
(1938.)
Construction Expenditures and Employment, 1936-38. (1939.)
Urban Housing: A Summary of Real Property Inventories Conducted as
Work Projects, 1934-36. (1938.)
Local Wage Rates for Selected Occupations in Public and Private Construction,
1936.1 (1937.)
Unemployment in the United States.1 (1936.)
Family Unemployment: Preliminary Summary. (1939.)
Family Unemployment: An Analysis of Unemployment in Terms of Family
Units. (1940.)
Seasonal Employment in Agriculture.1 (1938.)
Price Dispersion and Industrial Activity, 1928-38.1 (1939.)
Intercity Differences in Ccsts of Living in March 1935, 59 Cities.1 (1937.)
Studies and reports (67) of the WPA National Research Project on Reemployment
Opportunities and Recent Changes in Industrial Techniques.
This project was organized in December 1935 to inquire, with the cooperation
of industry, labor, and governmental and private agencies, into the
extent of recent changes in industrial techniques and to evaluate the
effects of these changes in the volume of employment and unemployment.
Pamphlets :
Questions and Answers on the WPA. (1939.)
Public Roads and the WPA. (1940.)
Public Health and the WPA. (1940.)
On Relief, May 1935. (1935.)
Youth on Relief. (1936.)
Rural Youth. (1939.)
Rural Poverty. (1938.)
Rural Relief and Recovery. (1939.)
Depression Pioneers. (1939.)
Facts About Unemployment. (1940.)
The Plantation South Today. (1940.)
Thirty Thousand Urban Youth. (In press.)
WPA Writers’ Program:
American Guide Series:
Guides to the States and Territories.
Regional, City, and Town Guides.
Life in America Series:
Books dealing with American life and customs, education, natural
history, the American Negro, military and maritime history, folklore,
ethnic groups, etc.
1 Out of print.
450
WPA Writers’ Program—Continued.
Other series, such as the American Pictorial Guide Series and the Fact Books
(small encyclopedias of facts and figures on the social, economic, and political
life of each State), are in preparation.
In addition to the above volumes which are issued by regular publishers and
sold through bookstores, the Writers’ Program has written and its sponsors
have published locally, frequently in mimeographed form, leaflets,
pamphlets, and booklets for local distribution, many of which are free.
451
SAN DIEGO PUBLIC LIBRARY
3 1336 06840 6272