[Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Public Roads, 1939]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]
SAN DIEGO PUBLIC LIBRARY
BUSINESS DEPARTMENT
REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF PUBLIC
ROADS, 1939
________ Ja S ’40
Public Roads Administration,
Federal Works Agency, Washington, D. C., September 1, 1939.
Honorable Henry A. Wallace,
Secretary of Agriculture.
Dear Mr. Secretary: Until July 1, 1939, this organization functioned as the Bureau of Public Roads of the Department of Agriculture. I, therefore, submit to you the report on the work of that Bureau for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1939.
Sincerely yours,
Thomas H. MacDonald, Commissioner, (Formerly Chief, Bureau of Public Roads.')
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction............................... 1
Future highway needs becoming clearly evident_______________________________________ 2
Bureau recommends against a system of toll highways___________________________________ 5
Highway safety_______________________________ 6
Progress made in proportioning the physical
dimensions of highways_____________________ 7
Roadside improvement_________________________ 7
New legislation insures funds for highway planning work_____________________________ 8
Diversion of highway funds___________________ 8
Use of Federal aid in freeing toll bridges on the
Federal-aid system_______________________ 8
Sources of funds used during the year_____ 9
Employment on road work______________________ 10
Mileage of Federal-aid system________________ 13
Status of major funds and progress in construction-------------------------------------- 14
Public Works and Works Program highway construction_______________________ 15
Progress in Federal-aid road construction— 16
Progress in construction of secondary roads with Federal aid_______________________ 16
Program of grade-crossing elimination and protection_____________________________ 16
Summary_________________________________ 17
Construction of roads through public lands and Federal reservations__________________ 52
Restoration of flood-damaged roads__________ 53
Work-relief highway projects_______________ 55
Loan-and-grant highway projects_____________ 56
National-forest road construction___________ 58
Road construction in national parks and monuments_____________________________________ 63
In ter-American highway____________________ 67
Page
Transportation, economic, and statistical investigations_______________________________
Highway-planning surveys_______________
Economics of transportation____________
Safety research________________________
Maintenance cost studies_______________
Highway-capacity and vehicle-performance studies___________________________
National Conference on Street and Highway Safety_____________________________
American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators_________________________
Statistical research on estimating highway-traffic volume_________________________
Railroad-abandonment studies___________
Physical research__________________________
Subsurface exploration_________________
Motor-vehicle-impact investigations____
Measurement of road-surface roughness—. Erosion test for coated culvert pipe___
Structural design of concrete pavements.. Structural design of nonrigid pavements.. Investigation of the fatigue strength of are-welded joints______________________
Investigation of bridge floors_________
Investigation of supporting strength of flexible culvert pipe in earth embankments__________________________________
Portland cement..______________________
Masonry cement_________________________
Aggregates_____________________________
Concrete_______________________________
Paving brick___________________________
Bituminous road materials______________
Subgrade investigations________________
80
80
81
81
81
81
82
83
69
69
72
72
73
73
74
75
75
76
76
77
77
77
77
78
78
79
79
INTRODUCTION
More than 17,000 miles of highway of all types were completed during the year, exceeding the work of the previous year by about 1,800 miles and sustaining the high rate of progress initiated in the fiscal year 1934. In the program of grade-crossing elimination and
183817—39----1
1
P W I ' MJ 1
2
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
protection 382 crossings were eliminated, 86 obsolete elimination structures were reconstructed, and 438 crossings were protected by signals and other devices.
Outstanding features of the year’s work were the large amount of work done in widening, straightening, and otherwise modernizing important main highways, the excellent progress made in eliminating hazards at railroad grade crossings, and the completion of nearly 3,000 miles of secondary roads in the program begun in the preceding year.
In the work done in cooperation with the States and under the immediate supervision of the State highway departments 9,786 miles were completed on rural portions of the Federal-aid system, 2,971 miles on the secondary or farm-to-market systems, and 725 miles were improved in municipalities. Improvements in federally controlled areas, reconstruction of flood-damaged roads, and construction of roads with funds allotted by other Federal agencies aggregated 3,678 miles.
The Bureau of Public Roads and all of its functions were transferred from the Department of Agriculture to the newly created Federal Works Agency, and its name was changed to the Public Roads Administration by Reorganization Plan No. 1 prepared by the President, pursuant to the provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1939. The plan was transmitted to Congress on April 25, 1939, and was made effective on July 1, 1939, by a Joint Resolution of Congress adopted June 7, 1939.
The reorganization plan transfers all functions of the Secretary of Agriculture relating to highway improvement with Federal aid to the Federal Works Administrator. The title of the Chief of the Bureau of Public Roads is changed to Commissioner of Public Roads.
The Federal Works Agency is headed by the Federal Works Administrator and is composed of the Public Roads Administration, the Public Buildings Administration, the United States Housing Authority, the Public Works Administration, and the Work Projects Administration.
FUTURE HIGHWAY NEEDS BECOMING CLEARLY EVIDENT
During the year the Bureau completed the first comprehensive study ever made of the national highway situation, taking into account conditions on city streets, main rural highways, and on secondary or farm-to-market roads. The study was possible because of the wealth of data that have become available through the highwayplanning surveys in cooperation with 46 State liighway departments. These data show accurately and in great detail the volume, character, and range of traffic, the condition of existing highways, and the need for new facilities.
As a result of exhaustive studies of these data the Bureau prepared a master plan for future highway improvement which was included in the report entitled, “Toll Roads and Free Roads.” This report was submitted to the President, who on April 27, 1939, forwarded it to Congress with the recommendation that it be considered as a basis for needed action to solve our highway problems.
The report recommends:
1. The construction of a special tentatively defined system of direct interregional highways, with all necessary connections through and aiound cities,
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 19 3 9 3
designed to meet the requirements of the national defense in time of war and the needs of a growing peacetime traffic of longer range.
2. The modernization of the Federal-aid highway system.
3. The elimination of hazards at railroad grade crossings.
4. An improvement of secondary and feeder roads, properly integrated with land-use programs.
5. The creation of a Federal Land Authority empowered to acquire, hold, sell, and lease lands needed for public purposes and to acquire and sell excess lands for the purpose of recoupment.
A system of direct interregional highways, with necessary connections through and around cities, is needed to meet the growing peacetime traffic of longer range and the requirements of national defense in time of war. Studies of the present flow of traffic on main highways indicate that such an interregional system should comprise not more than 30,000 miles. No attempt has been made as yet to fix the exact location of the proposed system. Existing highways could be modernized to form a large part of the system, but some new highways would be needed to provide directness of travel. A system of the scope suggested would represent less than 1 percent of the total mileage of rural roads, but the Bureau estimates that it would serve at least 12.5 percent of the travel outside of cities.
The more complete information on the character of traffic in and near cities that has become available shows that existing facilities are seriously inadequate. The situation is becoming more aggravated by increases in traffic, and only the provision of major improvements at a large cost will provide a solution. Such improvements would be a necessary part of an interregional system.
It is found that as much as 90 percent of the traffic on main highways near the entrances to large cities is bound to or from points in cities themselves and cannot be bypassed around them. The studies reveal also that a large part of the traffic is destined to or bound from points in the very heart of the city or points most conveniently reached by going through the center of the city.
There is need for express highways cut directly into and through the center of the big cities. These are needed not only for service of the through traffic delivered by the main rural highways but also for the daily in-and-out movement of local traffic between the downtown section and suburbs centering about the main highways at the periphery of the city.
By preference such express highways should be constructed as attractively landscaped depressed thoroughfares passing under all cross streets.
Bypasses—the remedy usually proposed for the relief of congestion on through streets in cities—are only a partial and, by themselves, a not very effective remedy. They are recommended around the smaller towns, and a new type of belt-line distribution road around cities is proposed. For maximum effectiveness, both the bypass and distribution highways must be free from cross traffic, parked vehicles, and developments immediately adjacent, to preserve their initial advantage against the encroaching growth of the urban community, which otherwise soon converts them into ordinary local streets.
Outside of city limits on the main highways there is need for modernization of the existing roads to ease curvature, reduce gradients, and extend sight distance in order more safely to serve fast-moving traffic. Near the cities, also, a steadily increasing mileage of four-lane divided highways is believed to be required.
4
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Such improvements are required on most of the mileage of the Federal-aid and State highway systems, especially those parts built before the recent considerable increase in the travel speed of motor vehicles. For the most part they involve only local changes in the existing roads. By such changes the bulk of the highway traffic that moves between adjacent cities will be amply served. Many improvements of this kind were made in the Federal-aid work of the past year.
No Federal undertaking has met with stronger public support than has the program of elimination of hazards at railroad grade crossings. This work should be continued.
The plan proposed for future highway improvement includes improvement of a carefully selected mileage of secondary and feeder roads to give direct service to a larger number of rural dwellers. The selection would be made from among the 2,618,000 miles of roads outside of State and Federal-aid systems. Constituting about 83 percent of the country’s total road and street mileage, these lesser roads serve at present only about 13 percent of the total vehicle mileage of traffic. Located on them, however, are the homes and working places of about 75 percent of the rural population. The purpose of the improvement of an additional mileage of these roads, therefore, is that of affording better access to rural property rather than the service of a large increment of traffic. The choice of the roads to be improved should be made in close comformity with a program looking to the promotion of economically and socially beneficial land use.
Creation of a Federal Land Authority, empowered to acquire and lease land for public purposes, and to acquire and sell excess land for the purpose of recoupment is only one of several steps that need to be taken toward a solution of highway right-of-way problems.
Engineers trying to create a system of modern highways are everywhere delayed, and the public is forced to pay high prices for needed land, because of laws and a procedure adopted in the days of horse-drawn vehicles. In some States construction may be delayed for months by numerous legal steps, the width finally acquired is often less than that needed for a modern highway, and practically always the steps necessary to acquire rights-of-way are delayed until conditions are unfavorable to the acquirement except at a high price. A marked improvement can be produced by study and revision of State laws.
This step alone will not solve the most serious part of the problem. Along main highways in need of widening and relocation adjacent land steadily increases in value. Buildings are erected and subdivisions are developed, so that the number of owners who must be dealt with constantly increases. As a result of their planning work highway officials can determine with considerable accuracy the land that will be needed in the next 20 years to provide for an adequate highway system.
It is proposed that the Federal Government supply the means of acquiring lands selected by State officials and hold such land subject to lease by the State over a period of 50 years on terms that would in that period amortize the initial cost.
There is no action more necessary than providing the means of obtaining rights-of-way before they increase further in price. In
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9
5
and near the cities the cost of land for the needed improvements may often exceed the cost of construction. Continuation of the present policy will result in such high costs for land that funds may not be found to pay both land and construction costs. We are now paying dearly because in the past funds could be found only for immediate right-of-way needs. The mistake should not be repeated.
Experience in England and Canada in the taking of land in excess of that needed for highway improvement and in later reselling.at a profit indicates that such a policy, under proper constitutional authority, might well be applied in this country. The fact that a rise in land value accompanies major highway improvement is well known, and it seems reasonable that the public should derive some benefit from the value it creates.
BUREAU RECOMMENDS AGAINST A SYSTEM OF TOLL HIGHWAYS
The report to Congress containing the above recommendations was made in accordance with the act of June 8, 1938, which directed the Chief of the Bureau of Public Roads to investigate and report his findings—
with respect to the feasibility of building and cost of superhighways not exceeding three in number, running in a general direction from the eastern to the western portion of the United States and not exceeding three in number, running in a general direction from the northern to the southern portion of the United States, including the feasibility of a toll system on such roads.
The building of such a system was found to be entirely feasible from a physical standpoint, but it was also found that the system would not come within 50 percent of self-liquidation if operated as a toll facility and would not meet the most urgent highway needs of the Nation.
In studying the feasibility of a toll system, the Bureau selected six routes, located in accordance with the terms of the act and aggregating 14,336 miles. Detailed studies show that the cost of constructing this system for fast-moving traffic without crossmg other highways or railroads at grade would be about $2,899,800,000, which is at the average rate of $202,270 per mile.
The average estimated annual expenditure for the period 1945-60, required for financing the construction, maintaining the property, and operating the facility would be $184,054,000, which is at the average rate of $12,840 per mile per year.
Estimates of the potential traffic on the proposed toll system were based on actual traffic counts on the main highways of the country and studies of the character of highway travel. A number of facts led to the conclusion that only a small portion of present traffic could be attracted to the toll system. Long-distance travel constitutes only a small fraction of the total travel. Counts made on east-west highways at stations established on a line extending from Canada to Mexico showed only 300 passenger veliicles crossmg the line daily in transcontinental travel. The system could be expected to serve adequately only that portion of the traffic having origin and destination close to one of the six routes. Access to the highways would have to be controlled both for collection of tolls and to prevent interference with flow of traffic by entering vehicles. Vehicles traveling distances less than the spacing of access points would not use the toll roads.
6
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
It is estimated that the utilization of the system would average during the period 1945-60, 12,450,000 vehicle-miles per day. Assuming toll charges of 1 cent per vehicle-mile for passenger vehicles and an average of 3.5 cents for trucks and busses, this travel would produce an average annual revenue of $72,140,000. This is considerably less than the $184,054,000 estimated average, annual cost and leads the Bureau to conclude that the system studied could not be supported by toll collections.
The portion of the proposed system estimated to be most nearly self-supporting is the 172 miles from a point near Philadelphia, Pa., to a point near New Haven, Conn. With the increase in traffic expected by 1960, this portion of the system would earn slightly more than the estimated cost for that year.
The report states:
If, as an actual test of the feasibility of a limited mileage of toll roads, it is the desire of the Congress to make provision for the construction of a section of highway of substantial length upon which there is a reasonable prospect of the recovery of the costs through tolls, it is recommended that such provision be made applicable to a section of highway, properly located, and extending from an appropriate point near Washington, D. C., to an appropriate point near Boston, Mass.
HIGHWAY SAFETY
The Bureau has consistently sought to reduce the number of deaths and accidents on highways by several courses of action in the belief that only the combined effort of many agencies in several directions can produce the desired results. It is felt that the past year has been one of real accomplishment in this field, but the progress has not been such that the situation can be viewed with complete satisfaction. No one can say how many lives have been saved by highway-railroad grade separations, road straightening and widening, divided highways, and road signs and road marking to direct traffic"in proper channels Such work has had special prominence in the State and Federal programs, and has undoubtedly contributed to the more favorable trend m accident statistics.
There is still a great lack of uniformity in essential features of State motor-vehicle and highway laws despite the availability of the vehicle code recommended by the National Conference on Street and Highway Safety. This code has been available for a number of years, but there are still many States with inadequate inspection of motor vehicles and with only a perfunctory examination before issuing a driver’s license. Disciplining and control of delinquent drivers continues to be strikingly deficient in many instances.
It has been definitely determined that a relatively small group of accident-prone drivers experience a relatively large number of accidents. The danger from these drivers can be removed only through an efficient system of accident reporting, the keeping of accident records, and laws making the revocation of licenses mandatory for flagrant violations of traffic regulations.
. Steps toward improvement of these conditions have been disappoint-mgly slow. Each year a few States make improvements in their traffic laws, provide motor-vehicle inspection stations, make small additions to highway patrol forces, or make provision for accident reporting and the keeping of records. But throughout the country there is still a serious lack of uniformity in traffic laws and inadequate
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9 7
enforcement machinery. Since there is no general sentiment against the more important safety proposals that have been made, the situation can be accounted for only by public and legislative inertia. Increased efforts should be made to bring all States to a high and uniform standard in motor-vehicle regulation and in the enforcement of the regulations.
PROGRESS MADE IN PROPORTIONING THE PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS OF HIGHWAYS
The Bureau is cooperating with a committee of the American Association of State Highway Officials in the development of design standards for the promotion of maximum safety of traffic and utility of highways. Research has been conducted and special studies made to aid the committee in establishing design standards. A policy on classifying highways recommended by the committee has been accepted by the association. Policies as to sight distance and the dimensions of modern road cross sections will soon be submitted to the association for consideration. The committee is being assisted in developing standards for the physical lay-out at highway intersections, and the marking of pavements and erection of signs to indicate “no-passing zones” on two-lane and three-lane highways.
For some years the Bureau has recommended that transition curves be inserted at each end of highway curves to avoid an abrupt change from a straight line to a curving path of travel. The recommendation has not always been accepted because of the additional calculations and field work required. To overcome this objection an easier method of making the calculations with the aid of special tables has been developed and made available in the book Transition Curves for Highways. The method simplifies both the calculations and the field work.
ROADSIDE IMPROVEMENT
Roadside improvement had its beginning in a small way many years ago but it received only slight impetus until the initiation of the emergency program of highway improvement in 1933. Since that time it lias been mandatory that roadside improvement work be included in Federal-aid programs.
Six years of experience with roadside improvement have demonstrated that in building a properly conceived highway the road surface and the roadside cannot be treated separately but must be regarded as a single problem. Consideration of the roadside and the recreational use of highways are responsible for several trends that are becoming increasingly evident. Wider rights-of-way are being obtained; deep ditches have disappeared; wider shoulders are being used; slopes are flatter, more rounded, and planted to grass; footpaths are being built; and picnic areas and parking space at scenic views are now included in highway plans.
Increased attention is being given to roadside regulation and border control. Easements are being obtained to permit improvements beyond the limits of restricted rights-of-way. Rural zoning regulations are being adopted. Many of these specify the distance which buildings and billboards shall be set back from the highway.
8
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
NEW LEGISLATION INSURES FUNDS FOR HIGHWAY PLANNING WORK
At the close of the fiscal year Congress was considering a proposal to require the use of not to exceed 1% percent of the regular Federal-aid funds apportioned to each State for highways and for elimination of hazards at railroad grade crossings, in making surveys, plans, engineering investigations, and economic investigations of projects for future construction, either on the Federal-aid highway system and its extensions, or on secondary or feeder roads, or grade-crossing eliminations. The States would not be required to match Federal funds so used. The proposed legislation was enacted July 19, 1939.
This new authority will greatly facilitate the financing of future high way-planning-survey work in all States. Regulations requiring a use of funds in sufficient amount to obtain information required in planning Federal-aid work are being prepared.
DIVERSION OF HIGHWAY FUNDS
During the last decade there has been a very decided tendency on the part of legislative bodies to divert the proceeds of the special taxes on motor-vehicle owners and operators to purposes other than highways, particularly to relief purposes. Congress took cognizance of this fact by declaring in section 12 of the Hayden-Cartwright Act of June 18, 1934, that it is unfair and unjust to tax motor-vehicle transportation unless the proceeds of such taxation are applied to the construction, improvement, or maintenance of highways. The act provides that any State that applies to highway purposes a lesser amount ol motor-vehicle fees and gasoline taxes than was provided by law on June 18, 1934, shall be penalized not more than onc-third of the I ederal-aid apportionments to which it would otherwise be entitled.
A continuous study of the State laws pertaining to disposition of the proceeds of the special taxes on motor-vehicle owners and operators and of their administration has been necessary in order to give reasonable effect to this legislation. Committees and members of State legislative assemblies, State highway officials, and citizens’ organizations submit numerous inquiries each time that such assemblies are in session as to whether certain proposed legislation will constitute a diversion of the proceeds of the motor-user taxes. The requirement this section is believed to have had a wholesome and restraining effect, and undoubtedly has prevented passage of many acts designed to divert highway funds that otherwise would have been enacted.
Since the Federal provision to discourage diversion became effective, a reduction has been made in Federal-aid apportionments to two States. On August 7, 1937, $250,000 was withheld from the apportionment to New Jersey for the fiscal year 1937, and on June 2, 1938, $472 862 was withheld from the apportionment to Massachusetts for the fiscal year 1938. Apparent acts of diversion in other States are under consideration at the present time.
USE OF FEDERAL AID IN FREEING TOLL BRIDGES ON THE FEDER A.L-AID SYSTEM
An act of August 14, 1937, authorized the use of Federal-aid funds apportioned to any State in freeing toll bridges on the Federal-aid system. It permitted payment to the State of 50 percent of the
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTAIENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9 9
construction cost or reasonable value (whichever might be least) of bridges made free from tolls prior to July 1, 1939. The act also required that funds so paid should be used in matching unobligated Federal-aid funds available to the State. In effect this legislation permitted the Federal Government to pay an increased part or all of the cost of certain Federal-aid projects thus making available for the freeing of toll bridges the State funds that would otherwise be required for matching the Federal funds.
Alabama is the only State that has made use of this legislation. In the past two years $2,025,267 was paid to the State in connection with the freeing of 10 bridges and the payments were applied in lieu of State funds on regular Federal-aid projects.
An act of July 19, 1939, has extended the use of this plan of freeing toll bridges to July 1, 1941.
SOURCES OF FUNDS USED DURING THE YEAR
Tbe work of the year was supported mainly by regular Federal-aid funds. The apportionment for the fiscal year was $125,000,000 for improvement of the Federal-aid system, $25,000,000 for secondary or farm-to-market roads, and $50,000,000 for elimination of hazards at highway-railroad grade crossings. Equal amounts had been provided for the preceding fiscal year, and portions of these funds remained available at the beginning of the past year.
Emergency funds for highway improvement were practically exhausted in the preceding year; and, while a few projects were carried over into the past year and completed, the volume of such.work was not important. However, the work of grade-crossing elimination, supported by remaining portions of the $200,000,000 authorized by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, continued into the past year in considerable amount.
On December 29, 1938, the $135,000,000 authorized for the fiscal year 1940 was apportioned to the States after first deducting $3,375,000 for administrative expenses of the Bureau as required by law. The apportionment is shown in table 1.
Table 1.—Apportionments of Federal Aid for the fiscal year 1940 for roads on the Federal-aid highway system, for secondary or feeder roads and for grade-crossing eliminations
State Federal-aid system Secondary or feeder Grade crossings Total
Alabama - $2, 068,493 $310, 274 $393, 552 $2,772,319
Arizona 1,423,400 213,510 125,461 1,762,371
Arkansas _ 1, 702, 583 255,387 343,731 2,301,701
California - . 3, 793, 823 569,073 728,856 5, 091, 752
Colorado L 807, 919 271,188 251, 215 2,330,322
Connecticut 624,021 93, 603 167,075 884, 699
Delaware 487, 500 73,125 97, 500 658,125
Florida. . 1,335,020 200, 253 277, 471 1, 812,744
Georgia 2, 507,151 376,073 477, 283 3,360, 507
Idaho 1, 223,119 183,468 161,779 1,568,366
Illinois 4,043,313 606,497 1,030,486 5, 680, 296
Indiana 2,425,913 363, 887 506,736 3, 296^ 536
Iowa 2, 542,385 38i; 358 545,468 3,469; 211
Kansas 2, 585,837 387,876 504,959 3,478,672
Kentucky 1,824,345 273,652 356,846 2,454,843
Louisiana 1,436,747 215; 512 310,856 1,963; 115
Maine. _ ' 873,455 131,018 135i 191 1,139,664
Maryland 821,369 123,205 200,663 1,145,237
Massachusetts 1,375,489 206,323 408,286 1,990; 098
Michigan 3, 012,993 451,949 649,147 4,114; 089
183817—39----2
10
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 1.—Apportionments of Federal Aid for the fiscal year 1940 for roads on the Federal-aid highway system, for secondary or feeder roads and for grade-crossing eliminations—Continued
State Federal-aid system Secondary or feeder Grade crossings Total
Minnesota $2, 704,164 1, 746, 261 2,986,426 2, 032,384 2,044,283 1, 275,938 487,500 1,321,366 1,595,294 4, 845,924 2,321,357 1, 532,167 3,583,189 2,317, 258 1, 638,823 4,221,088 487,500 1,328, 214 1, 610, 762 2,079,803 6, 227, 084 1,124,731 487,500 1,815, 401 1,563,815 1, 082,034 2, 413,315 1,249,044 487, 500 487,500 487, 500 $405, 625 261,939 447,964 304,858 306,642 191,391 73,125 198, 205 239,294 726,889 348,204 229,825 537,478 347,589 245, 823 633,163 73,125 199, 232 241, 614 311,970 934,063 168, 710 73,125 272,310 234, 572 162,305 361,997 187,357 73,125 73,125 73,125 $524, 721 310,650 596,184 261, 252 347, 689 97,500 97,500 389, 614 166,957 1,335,949 500,977 309,164 833, 853 455,041 224,953 1,128,616 97, 500 293,750 268, 815 373,187 1,088, 862 129, 236 97,500 373, 906 300,063 260, 716 486,074 132,134 97, 500 97, 500 150,076 $3, 634,510 2,318,850 4,030, 574 2,598,494 2,698,614 1,564,829 658,125 1,909,185 2,001,545 6,908,762 3,170,538 2,071,156 4,954, 520 3,119,888 2,109,599 5,982,867 658,125 1,821,196 2,121,191 2,764,960 8,250,009 1,422,677 658,125 2,461,617 2,098,450 1,505,055 3,261,386 1,568, 535 658,125 658,125 710,701
Mississippi
Missouri, .
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada __ _ _
New Hampshire New Jersey .
New Mexico New York _
North Carolina North Dakota Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon,
Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee . . .
Texas _
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington West Virginia Wisconsin ...
Wyoming. .
District of Columbia Hawaii
Puerto Rico
Total 97,500,000 14, 625,000 19,500,000 131,625, 000
EMPLOYMENT ON ROAD WORK
Employment on all highway work with Federal funds administered by the Bureau amounted to 1,121,007 man-months, a decrease of 11 percent as compared with the preceding year. This was expected since appreciable amounts of emergency funds had remained available at the beginning of the preceding fiscal year and had been expended largely in the first half of that year. A comparison of employment by corresponding months of the 2 years shows that there was a decrease of more than 36,000 men in both July and August, and 20,394 fewer men were employed in September. By December there was a difference of only 3,097 men, and the difference was small in the remaining months of the year. Table 2 shows the employment on Federal and State work by months in the fiscal years 1932-39.
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9 11
Table 2.—Coinparison of employment during the fiscal years 1933-39 on all Federal and Federal-aid highway construction and on all Federal and State road work, including State maintenance, by months
Month Men employed on all Federal and Federal-aid highway construction
1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939
July. 164,708 151,418 116,100 88,869 62.466 35,991 29, 518 26, 673 28,008 42,205 59,008 71,772 81,042 89,346 122,193 124,106 129,933 98,271 75,498 78, 215 95, 704 122, 256 139,831 152,276 129,205 111,211 115.047 154,016 185,860 174, 358 154,154 156,814 144,053 187. 657 271,972 336, 414 335, 223 297, 224 247,880 210,079 201,046 147,101 96, 594 81, 257 90,999 123,063 167, 535 193, 263 191,041 178, 756 143, 455 135, 660 118,898 103,493 82, 731 70, 418 86,050 132,834 193, 269 237, 330 249,271 247,841 227,916 206,113 172, 295 128,314 76. 829 57,844 69,946 88,361 122,655 145, 375 159,489 163, 331 152, 784 143, 617 121,394 85,365 54,899 49, 713 51, 229 67,829 98,179 114,373 123, 038 126,860 132, 390 129, 270 110,073 82,268 57, 554 46,804 47,559 65, 517 89,108 110,566
August - -
September _.
October ..
November
December .. ..
January
February .
March . _
April.
May.
June
Total (man-months)
876, 736 1,308, 671 2,120, 761 2,191, 26 4 1,673,935 1, 792,760 1,262,202 1,121,007
Month Total men employed on all Federal and State highway construction and maintenance
1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939
July 385,349 389,949 356, 617 330,104 289,316 244, 971 229,189 218, 218 211,549 245,843 259, 615 280, 636 305,372 333,403 374,405 373, 246 371,667 290,465 266,443 255,256 279, 213 299,882 330,138 359, 605 332, 277 329,813 337,973 384,029 420,069 362,031 315,989 306,090 296, 265 345, 278 466, 504 545, 013 549,203 53.1,034 498,151 450,322 426,603 323, 700 240,414 221, 406 217, 539 282, 740 331, 000 362,339 375,442 382,846 340, 073 323,374 290, 523 252, 229 202,884 200,451 227, 586 287, 478 374,191 423,466 435,971 433, 533 414,147 389,966 353,971 288,248 210,027 190, 336 200, 794 226, 286 299,063 313,149 331, 536 351,853 346,444 330,942 314,067 255, 530 196,858 177,675 179, 420 213,802 272,316 294,240 322, 508 323,650 337,638 350,090 341,832 266, 629 200, 999 176,079 169,155 187, 523 220,923 252,316
August
September ...
October . .
November...
December
January
February
March
April
May
June _ . .
Total (man-months)
3,441, 356 3,839, 095 4,441,331 4, 434,451 3, 680, 543 3, 755,491 3, 267, 683 3,149,342
Table 3 shows the employment on the various classes of work during the past year. Comparison with similar figures for the preceding year shows that employment on roads in national parks and forests, and public lands remained at substantially a constant level, while there was an increase of 11 percent in the regular Federal-aid highway and grade-crossing elimination work. The decrease in employment is due almost entirely to the near exhaustion of emergency funds.
Table 3.—Direct job employment during the fiscal year 1939 on the several classes of Federal and Federal-aid road construction administered by the Bureau of Public Roads and State road construction and maintenance
12
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Men employed on road construction
JVTeii cni'
In whole or in part with Federal funds ployed on
,______________________ road main-Month T, . , ..-,,, ,-------------------with state tenance Total men
Federal-aid Works Uh Stale by state employed
National- National- Public- Publie Works Loan-and- National ‘on State’ hishway
forest park lands %rofsi *' Works Program > grant work-relief highways highways highways highways elhnina- hlShways highways piimina- hiKhways1 highways ments
tions tions
July. --------------- 1,995 3,141 244 96,980 2,019 4,398 5,391 5,920 2,950 30,564 168,906 322 508
August -------------- 2,276 3,294 251 102,160 2,170 3,521 5,183 5,004 3,001 26 649 170 141 323 650
September------------ 2,901 3,135 245 108,288 1,988 3,466 4,631 4,454 3,282 32 054 173 194 337’638
October^------------- 2,926 3,175 268 107,276 1,866 2,454 3,738 4,751 2,816 35’426 185,’394 350,’090
November------------- 2,439 2,849 296 89,809 1,502 2,038 . 3,376 5,562 2 202 28 439 203 320 341 832
December------------- 1,835 2,056 163 66,256 869 1,495 2,611 5,171 1 812 21 223 163 138 266 629
January---------------- 962 1,836 211 44,960 833 878 1,576 4,680 1,618 15 254 128 191 200/999
February--------------- 742 1,312 193 35,987 606 678 1,199 5,031 1,056 12,011 117 264 176 079
March------------------ 679 1,621 306 35,790 392 570 1,083 6,140 978 11063 110 533 169,155
April------------------ 766 2,044 341 49,685 376 732 1,311 9,679 583 12,877 109,129 187 523
May------------------ 1,269 2,328 425 67,623 393 809 1,451 14,248 492 15,696 116,119 220,923
June--------------- 2,288 3,090 481 84,026 300 779 1,660 17,660 282 20,177 121,573 252,316
Total (man-months).. 21,078 29,881 3,494 888,840 13,314 21,818 33,210 88,300 21,072 261,433 1,766,902 3,149,342
1 Projects transferred by the Public Works Administration for engineering supervision.
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1939 13
Not so many years ago highway construction almost ceased in the winter months except in the Southern States. A special effort to stimulate winter employment in the emergency program produced a definite increase that has been well sustained up to the present time. In the past year employment on work with Federal funds reached its lowest level in February, but even then it amounted to 38 percent of the figure for July.
The total employment for the year on work supervised by the Bureau—1,121,007 man-months—is the equivalent of an average full-time employment each month of 93,417 men. Industrial employment in the production and transportation of equipment and materials is estimated at 1.6 times the direct employment for work of the character done during the year, indicating an industrial employment of 1,794,000 man-months, and this, added to the direct employment, gives a full-time employment of 2,915,000 man-months, the equivalent of the full-time continuous employment of 243,000 men.
There was a slight increase over the preceding year in men employed on State construction not involving Federal funds and also in State maintenance forces. The total employment on work with State and Federal funds amounted to 3,149,342 man-months, or about 4 percent less than in the fiscal year 1938.
MILEAGE OF FEDERAL-AID SYSTEM
The Federal-aid system was designated as a result of the Federal Highway Act of 1921, and in accordance with the intention of the act there has been close adherence to the original system. Only minor revisions have been made to meet unforeseen conditions. The mileages have been changed slightly from year to year as estimated mileages or mileages along old roads have been replaced by the measured mileage on new construction.
The original system was limited to 7 percent of the rural road mileage within each State. When provision has been made for improvement of 90 percent of the designated system, an additional 1 percent is permitted and further additions are permitted on the same basis. This provision is becoming of increasing importance and has been taken advantage of by 25 States. During the past year the mileage of the system outside of Federal reservations increased by 1,704 miles due almost entirely to extensions beyond the original 7 percent.
The system in any State may exceed what would otherwise be the limiting mileage by an amount equal to the mileage of the system within Federal reservations. Additions to the system in reservations amounted to 628 miles bringing the total additions for the year to 2,332. System mileages by States are shown in table 4.
14
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 4.—Designated Federal-aid highway system mileage as of June 30, 1939
State Mileage of ap-j proved routes outside Federal reservations Mileage of approved routes within Federal reservations Total mileage of system State Mileage of approved routes outside Federal reservations Mileage of approved routes within Federal reservations Total mileage of system
Alabama Arizona 1 Arkansas California 1 _. Colorado. Connecticut1 Delaware 1 Florida 1 Georgia 1 Idaho Illinois 1 Indiana1 Iowa 1 Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland 1 Massachusetts1 Michigan 1 Minnesota Mississippi Missouri1 Montana Nebraska Nevada 1 New Hampshire 3,954 1,617 4,826 5,590 3, 214 1,046 817 2,747 5,845 2,608 9,059 5, 334 7,891 8,699 3,700 2,740 1,617 2,164 1,674 5,771 7,102 3,406 8,001 4,569 5,591 1,979 968 597 249 555 536 12 128 778 8 2 15 6 4 233 291 193 1,074 21 87 33 3,954 2,214 5,075 6,145 3,750 1,046 817 2,759 5,973 3. 386 9,067 5,334 7,893 8,714 3, 706 2,740 1.621 2,164 1, 674 6,004 7, 393 3, 599 8,001 5,643 5, 612 2,066 1,001 New Jersey 1 New Mexico New York 1 North Carolina 1 North Dakota Ohio 1 Oklahoma Oregon 1 Pennsylvania 1 Rhode Island 1 South Carolina 1 South Dakota Tennessee. Texas1 Utah i Vermont Virginia 1 Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Hawaii Puerto Rico District of Columbia. Total 1,595 3,271 9,241 7,300 7,139 7,126 6, 671 3,270 7,698 521 4,167 5,796 4, 369 14,196 2,085 1,036 4,566 2,953 2,163 5,508 3, 222 623 1,152 81 218,278 377 16 506 85 50 482 108 252 477 66 148 146 128 404 132 133 337 8,669 1,595 3, 648 9, 257 7,806 7,224 7,126 6,721 3, 752 7,806 521 4,419 6, 273 4,435 14, 344 2, 231 1,036 4, 694 3, 357 2,295 5,641 3,559 623 1,152 81 226,947
1 Increased beyond 7 percent.
STATUS OF MAJOR FUNDS AND PROGRESS IN CONSTRUCTION
During the year construction work on 13,482 miles of highway was brought to completion, exclusive of work done in Federal areas and with special funds. The completed work included 9,786 miles on the Federal-aid system outside of municipalities, 586 miles on extensions of the system into and through municipalities, 139 miles of secondary or feeder roads in municipalities, and 2,971 miles of secondary or feeder roads outside of municipalities. Payments to the States for construction completed amounted to $186,718,071, as shown in table 5.
Table 5.—Funds paid to the States during the fiscal year 1939
State Federal aid, 1917-33 Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal-aid system, 1936-40 Federal aid, secondary, or feeder Federal aid, grade crossings Total
Highways Grade crossings
Alabama $12, 272 $319, 249 $107,003 $261,899 $3,921,434 $337, 738 $784,017 $5, 743,612
Arizona 4,211 813 56,876 1,666, 602 291, 566 137, 718 2; 157; 786
Arkansas 22,009 83,353 380,998 3,008,985 233, 033 547, 207 4; 275', 585
California 10,315 208,141 820,926 4,470, 224 1,012, 791 1,059, 287 7, 58i; 684
Colorado 12,571 912,482 642,251 1,921,010 529,955 241,803 4; 260', 072
Connecticut 37,446 94, 830 61, 452 584,431 36,168 ' 814; 327
Delaware 3,069 185, 558 207, 575 506,913 27,619 930; 734
Florida 41,930 39,172 264,998 1,395, 743 177, 573 230,692 2,150; 108
Georgia 701,750 934,368 960,097 2,191,030 1,468,409 339,193 136; 234 5,232,672
Idaho 96,395 26, 732 149,997 258,915 213; 678 2; 214; 126
Illinois 198, 712 241,121 19,840 570,463 4,881,292 1,035,883 1,540; 434 8; 467; 905
Indiana Iowa 138, 561 215, 564 3,366,270 436,122 986,425 5,162; 782
19,191 18, 605 122,825 3, 828,741 795,940 4, 766; 111
Kansas 79,609 298,013 2,875,608 117,938 794,161 4,184,520
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9 15
Table 5.—Funds paid to the States during the fiscal year 1939—Continued
State Federal aid, 1917-33 Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal-aid system, 1936-40 Federal aid, secondary, or feeder Federal aid, grade crossings Total
Highways Grade crossings
Kentucky $67,131 $139,370 $390,033 $2, 535, 624 $226,196 $253, 933 $3,612,287
Louisiana 166, 762 ' 147; 748 694; 037 i; 480', 810 195; 262 172', 846 2,857,465
Maine _ 13,022 55,613 77,167 1, 258, 684 117,923 278; 552 1, 800, 961
Maryland 342i 376 228,199 600,640 ' 887; 699 4i; 370 44; 403 2,144,' 687
Massachusetts. 171,265 129,475 417, 964 1,322,404 5L 549 200, 801 2, 293', 458
Michigan 148; 691 501,457 2,492,078 368, 075 572; 183 4', 082; 484
Minnesota 121, 772 17, 755 101, 239 2,772,442 303; 819 504, 427 3; 82i; 454
Mississippi $6,084 134,916 113, 531 427,802 2, 778,925 98', 442 363,170 3; 922', 870
Missouri 51', 996 87,962 249, 733 2; 143; 332 281,070 367; 983 3; 182; 076
Montana 40, 504 48,719 61,011 867,677 31, 549 565; 427 i; 61i; 887
Nebraska 63; 627 188,039 178,837 2, 51i; 908 484, 742 559', 217 3; 986; 370
Nevada 15,305 68,353 68; 652 1,758, 959 315; 717 218; 903 2,445; 889
New Hampshire 20,244 77, 663 58,523 426,956 69, 519 89,093 '74i; 998
New Jersey 129, 829 92’, 408 335,421 1,208,924 78, 362 178', 215 2,023; 159
New Mexico 8,860 53,530 15, 822 1,840,918 543, 455 188; 678 2; 65i; 263
New York _ 400; 583 394, 247 967,600 6,984; 667 993; 950 1,376; 133 11,117,180
North Carolina 69, 293 310,683 1,115,989 3; 219", 110 493', 767 ' 669; 064 5; 877; 906
North Dakota 12,956 241,699 294; 899 ' 251, 816 2; 251,182 97; 719 531', 186 3; 68i; 457
Ohio 3i; 553 486, 669 1,494,480 3; 338, 584 93; 956 17; 758 5; 463; 000
Oklahoma 81,839 128, 766 440,061 2,992,373 219,958 135, 872 3, 998, 869
Oregon __ 156; 081 78; 830 247,307 1, 669, 215 274; 581 82; 906 2, 508; 920
Pennsylvania 64,137 185, 784 898,323 1, 259,075 4', 697,248 1, 039,404 256', 911 8; 400', 882
Rhode Island 2,478 9; 433 ’ 311,142 85,841 31i; 190 ' 720; 084
South Carolina 139,622 129,142 521, 786 1, 869', 323 365,070 208; 592 3,233; 535
South Dakota 80; 953 109,014 399; 411 i; 985; 427 '229 280,153 2, 855; 187
Tennessee . 5; 295 155,529 357, 202 3', 032,664 274, 770 99; 568 3', 925; 028
Texas 180, 524 185', 151 1,192', 457 8, 582,395 1, 897,032 1,331,920 13,369; 479
Utah 103,012 69; 549 1, 688,103 350,396 ' 108; 145 2,319; 205
Vermont 32,811 45,908 ' 573', 517 93,936 77; 283 ' 823,455
Virginia .. 116, 978 387; 944 270,938 3,133, 542 483,971 505, 576 4,898; 949
W ashington 18, 982 52,847 176,641 2,145,571 313,323 703, 273 3,410', 637
West Virginia 968 279,819 174,202 351, 891 1,329, 829 138; 677 339; 564 2,614; 950
Wisconsin 30,040 17,215 545, 748 3,192,865 479, 701 738,658 5; 004, 227
W yoming 42; 972 20; 859 78; 610 i; 393; 083 347; 277 80; 967 i; 963; 768
District of Columbia.. 126; 452 ' 126; 452
Hawaii __________ 21, 248 47, 700 34, 557 545, 200 39,474 157', 383 845, 562
Puerto Rico 314; 260 45; 681 76; 066 436; 007
Total 96,417 5,038, 761 8, 556, 526 18,992,731 117,623,332 16,142,638 20,267,666 186, 718,071
Details concerning the status of the various funds by States and by classes of highways are shown in tables 6 to 9. The mileages of highway according to status, by States, and by class of highways are shown in tables 10, 11, and 12. Similar information for gradecrossing work is shown in table 13. Tables 14, 15, and 16 show the mileage by types in the different stages leading up to completion. The tables are so arranged that each shows all funds or all mileage in a given status.
PUBLIC WORKS AND WORKS PROGRAM HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION
These emergency programs to provide employment have been financed with authorizations totaling $800,000,000 made in the calendar years 1933-35. The highway work with these funds was very nearly completed in preceding fiscal years. The accomplishment of the past year is, therefore, small.
In the combined emergency programs, and including the length of road surfaces improved in the emergency program of grade-crossing elimination, 564 miles were improved. This mileage included 117 miles in the Public Works program, 358 miles in the Works Program, and 89 miles of surface in connection with Works Program gradecrossing eliminations. Details concerning this work will be found in tables 6 to 12.
16
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
PROGRESS IN FEDERAL-AID ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Improvement of the Federal-aid system was carried on with funds remaining from the previous fiscal year and under an authorization of $125,000,000 for 1939 provided by the act of June 16, 1936. The apportionment of this fund was shown in the last annual report.
During the year 10,057 miles of highway financed with $128,220,989 of Federal-aid funds were brought to completion. These projects involved $121,629,657 of State funds. Payments to the States for completed work, including work done on projects still under construction, amounted to $117,719,749.
At the close of the year projects under contract and in large part under construction included 7,295 miles of highway at an estimated cost of $227,324,289 to be provided as follows: $113,121,919 Federal-aid and $114,202,370 from State funds. At the same time projects had been approved, but not yet contracted for, covering 2,110 miles, and involving $23,819,863 of Federal-aid funds and $24,615,523 of State funds.
On June 30, 1939, there remained available for new projects $133,629,011 of Federal-aid funds. In greater part they were funds provided for 1940. Tables 6 to 12 show the status of the work by States.
PROGRESS IN CONSTRUCTION OF SECONDARY ROADS WITH FEDERAL AID
Improvement of secondary roads as a part of the regular Federal-aid was begun in the preceding fiscal year with an authorization of $25,000,000 and an equal amount was made available for the past fiscal year. It is required that these funds be matched with State funds according to the usual Federal-aid plan.
In a number of States this work has not been prosecuted at the rate permitted by Federal funds. Where State funds have been insufficient to permit expenditures on secondary roads or where authority for such expenditures has been lacking, local authorities have been asked to raise required amounts and place them under State control.
Lack of State funds with which to match Federal-aid for secondary roads is still retarding this work, but there was a considerable gain in momentum during the past year when 2,717 miles were completed. At the end of the year 2,315 miles were under contract and 555 miles were approved but not under contract. The mileage completed cost $28,755,838, the Federal Government contributing $14,268,844 of this amount. The mileage under contract is to cost $31,693,820 of which $15,721,517 is to be Federal-aid. The projects approved but not under contract are estimated to cost $6,607,416 and $3,110,405 has been assigned as Federal-aid. Tables 6 to 12 show the status of the work.
The cost of secondary roads in this program has varied greatly, being particularly influenced by local conditions and by availability of suitable materials.
PROGRAM OF GRADE-CROSSING ELIMINATION AND PROTECTION
The accomplishment of the year in eliminating 382 railroad-highway crossings, reconstructing 86 obsolete separation structures, and in protecting 438 crossings by signals or other safety devices is an
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 39 17
important contribution to highway safety and will save much delay and inconvenience to public travel. A portion of the work done was in the emergency program of grade-crossing elimination financed by $200,000,000 authorized by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. In this program 173 crossings were eliminated, 38 elimination structures were reconstructed, and 154 crossings were protected. Costs were met almost entirely with Federal funds which amounted to $23,557,056. The fact that more than half of the expenditure was in municipalities reflects the relatively greater dangers and delays at city and suburban crossings.
In the regular Federal-aid program of grade-crossing elimination initiated in the preceding year, and for which $50,000,000 was authorized for each of the fiscal years 1938 and 1939, 191 crossings were eliminated, 48 existing structures were reconstructed, and 258 crossings were protected. Federal funds involved in this work amounted to $15,630,604.
Since the Public Works program started in 1933, 2,938 crossings have been eliminated and 434 obsolete elimination structures have been reconstructed. The most dangerous and, therefore, the most important grade crossings are rapidly being done away with in every State. The substantial program of railroad-highway grade-crossing elimination is considered one of the most advanced and productive undertakings of the present period of highway development.
At the end of the year work under contract consisted of 453 crossing eliminations, 75 elimination structures being reconstructed, and 947 crossings being protected. Table 13 shows details of the work by States and also the number of projects approved but not under contract at the end of the year.
SUMMARY
The year’s work with the funds apportioned to all States resulted in the completion of 13,482 miles of highway and the elimination of 382 railroad-highway grade crossings, the reconstruction of 86 gradeseparation structures, and the protection of 438 crossings at a cost of $196,566,311 in Federal funds and $139,524,945 in State funds. The types of highway completed are shown in table 14.
The completed work was divided as follows: 9,786 miles on the Federal-aid system outside of municipalities, 586 miles of extensions of the system into and through municipalities, 139 miles of secondary roads in municipalities, and 2,971 miles of secondary roads outside of municipalities. Federal funds involved in the respective classes of work were $135,452,188, $27,187,758, $10,470,759, and $23,455,606.
The roads under contract at the end of the year totaled 10,012 miles and involved $183,723,534 of Federal funds, and there were 2,718 miles approved but not yet contracted for, involving $34,465,125 of Federal funds. Unobligated balances available for new’ work totaled $228,180,129, in large part newly apportioned funds for the fiscal year 1940. Tables 15 and 16, respectively, show the types of road under contract and the types approved but not yet under contract.
183817—39----3
18
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 6.—Funds allotted to projects completed during the fiscal year 1939
ON THE FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY SYSTEM OUTSIDE OF MUNICIPALITIES
State Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total Federal funds Estimated total cost
Highways Grade crossings Highways Grade crossings
Alabama $40,663 $3,058, 669 $1,980 $3.101,312 $6,734,706
Arizona 1, 793,274 30, 741 1,824,015 2,537,073
Arkansas $14,970 87,538 $258, 602 1,726,501 526,925 2,614. 536 2, 635,258
California 22,501 638,349 39,474 5,159,590 945,053 6,127,144 10, 539,193
Colorado 1,970 1, 837, 715 25, 787 2,541,325 4,140,597
Connecticut 9, 640 103, 770 480,316 586,056 1,080,039
Delaware 39,920 279,052 353,975 4,129 646,796 1,010,709
Florida 38,957 49,918 1,697,762 10,616 1,837,172 3,623, 918
Georgia 158,952 215,251 531, 768 2, 432,310 28,650 3,366,931 6,060,099
Idaho... 1,401 5,000 235,000 1,230,138 222,100 1,453,639 2, 403, 450
Illinois 80,035 5,232,520 241.78C 5,714,30C 11,036,393
Indiana 49,000 122,950 2,953,345 3,719,722 494,759 3, 700,089 7,411,917
Iowa 6, 468 78, 694 370,804 4, 096,994 8,223,646
Kansas 10,597 74. 925 2,885,123 471, 985 3, 510, 727 6, 458,830
Kentucky 6,388 97,078 2,678, 600 11,790 2,804,453 5,555.538
Louisiana 44,459 43,356 199.500 712,915 91,980 1,092,210 1,827,364
Maine 81,446 25,152 87,529 1,479, 791 5,287 1, 597, 759 3,142,302
Maryland 135,182 29,553 609,522 855, 703 1,472,725
Massachusetts 436,840 7,250 969,267 1,413, 357 2,821,595
Michigan 94, 521 169,432 2,919,388 479, 602 3,662, 943 7, 008, 201
Minnesota 44,210 296,500 2, 057,036 4,562 2,061,598 4,243,772
Mississippi 121, 709 2, 510, 414 210,500 3,061,624 6, 370,430
Missouri 30,000 92,132 2,916,184 163,111 3, 323,136 6,483,152
Montana 7,599 34,485 108,864 1,280,832 253, 298 1,685, 078 2,694,027
Nebraska 33,080 2. 218,126 172,676 2,423,882 4,948,012
Nevada 1,914,681 234, 082 2,148,763 2,490, 725
New Hampshire 14,178 13, 542 623,256 65,175 716,151 1,360,425
New Jersey 146, 511 1,113,177 75,000 1,334,688 2,513,082
New Mexico 184,899 25,863 39,974 1, 777,097 99,112 1,876,209 2,857,913
New York 7,010, 853 685,000 7,946, 589 15,648,866
North Carolina 82,735 6,240 123,129 3, 433,127 124,340 3, 686,836 7,496,558
North Dakota 43,009 48,112 3,246.402 23,687 3,443.945 3,731, 666
Ohio 86,066 1, 570 560 4,027,118 5,597,678 9, 774,124
Oklahoma 165,922 3,488,618 34,223 3, 774,829 7,054, 594
Oregon 1,828,245 31, 372 1,859, 617 3,186,628
Pennsylvania 32,458 930, 415 3, 977, 963 122,837 5,063,673 9,223i 967
Rhode Island 99,580 147,691 488,260 488,260 994,913
South Carolina 66,749 2,187,400 43, 715 2,478, 386 5,238,888
South Dakota 86,850 106,924 1,298,389 91,069 1,649,981 2,682,968
Tennessee 1,910 41, 923 58, 560 3,144,246 8,489,084 14, 381 3,259,110 6,462, 605
Texas 31,007 18,461 609, 529 9,100,523 17,851,228
1,008, 555 105,463 1.163,486 1,642,378
Vermont 581, 795 149,106 730,901 1,430.170
Virginia 36,032 1,256 66,900 3,659,632 212,106 3,909,026 7,593,412
Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming 23,168 20,432 2, 453, 940 103,983 2,645, 255 4,919,827
237, 707 1,318, 324 93.060 1,672,259 2,377,402
17,037 20,859 81,210 2,206,460 200,987 2, 505, 694 4,769,893
26,356 1, 790,240 145, 205 1,982,660 3,141,521
Hawaii..- 50,888 169,698 637,043 48,630 906,259 1,560,504
Puerto Rico 347,080 61,550 408,630 765,266
Total 1,059,194 2,540,529 6,746,718 116,964,020 8,141,727 135,452,188 247,232,-469
ON THE FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY SYSTEM IN MUNICIPALITIES
Alabama $124, 293 $154,001 6,645 66,182 836, 607 99,005 101, 905 12,855 50,000 268,650 20, 552 1, 253,188 123,344 296,409 132,204 188,671 38, 073 39,000 $25,400 $303,694 6,645 128,390 1,040, 577 106,020 397,085 12,855 69,820 1,044,186 48,649 2, 989, 773 178,870 1, 035,415 1, 586,988 1,007,852 158,893 47,645 100, 921 $470,652 10, 558 131,037 1,752,543 189, 059 512,440 25,837 119,820 1,349, 776 63,305 4, 387,196 311,027 1,392, 710 1, 736,366 1,203,377 199,886 90,083 121,143
Arizona .
Arkansas California $500 — 14,023 47, 685 203,970
Colorado $7,015
Connecticut 295,180
Delaware
Florida 19,820 49,310 1,053 1,020, 300
Georgia Idaho .. 196, 781 529,445 27,044 266,800
Illinois Indiana 449,485 55, 526 20,885 74,808 —
Iowa Kansas Kentucky. Louisiana 27, 513 155, 944 172,661 78, 500 1,160,375 417,814 120, 820 632,993 117,580 153,898
Maine 8,645 98, 801
Maryland — 2,120
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1939 19
Table 6.—Funds allotted to projects completed during the fiscal year 1939—Contd. ON THE FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY SYSTEM IN MUNICIPALITIES—Continued
State Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total Federal Funds Estimated total cost
Highways Grade crossings Highways Grade crossings
Massachusetts $4,000 43,400 $338,298 1,029,852 423,157 368, 610 109,943 14, 258 56, 771 $19,795 184,488 6, 250 146,100 155, 240 107,474 $362,093 1, 292,740 1, 007, 398 747,857 621,473 223, 581 329,046 3, 525 24, 682 451,087 61,172 1, 070,173 387, 475 954,133 2,170,083 131, 630 768,143 2,065, 700 193, 590 463,435 273, 551 330,937 748, 749 251, 548 28, 618 844, 790 85,023 448, 891 475.162 107,195 $700, 514 2, 537,841 1, 524,377 1,132, 027 737,857 234,677 392, 765 3,661 49,957 828, 568 88, 240 1,930, 552 680, 219 963,152 2,804, 734 213,811 884, 536 2, 644,886 387,180 775.466 290,862 635,172 1,452, 416 369,078 61,850 951, 751 164, 681 510, 246 922,400 122, 790
Michigan. ..... $35,000 407, 520 104, 847 8, 380
Minnesota $170,471 54, 350
Mississippi 73, 950 347,910 60,900 199, 607
Missouri.*
Montana 40, 949
Nebraska .. 72,668 3,525
Nevada... . ...
New Hampshire 24,682 367, 995 42,248 713, 776 280, 247 87, 739 622, 881 74,037 181, 900 381,482 193, 590 216,678 21,397 298,667 660, 305 249,863 28,618 105,067 85, 023 141, 690 433, 799 17,105
New Jersey 83,092 4,897 70,500 7,036 234,103
New Mexico 11,237 22,147 15, 352 294,991 395, 780 2, 790 263, 750
New York. ..
North Carolina 84, 840 337, 300
North Dakota
Ohio. 1,151,422 6,173
Oklahoma 21,970 22, 750 20,802 29, 450 563,493
Oregon _.
Pennsylvania 587, 301 1, 076,115
Rhode Island ..
South Carolina 10, 450 12, 067 141,878 164,326 68,649 62,038 25, 780 13, 723 32, 270 442 1,685
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas 39,431 46,000 2,571
Utah . ...
Vermont. ...
Virginia. 13,179 9,800 568,954 147, 790
Washington..
West Virginia 680 212, 500 37, 363 75,989 94,021
Wisconsin 4,000
Wyoming 14,101
Total
1, 726, 259 3, 315,157 7,463,862 11, 256,969 3, 425, 511 27,187, 758 39,063,081
ON SECONDARY OR FEEDER ROADS IN MUNICIPALITIES
State Public W orks, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total Federal funds Estimated total cost
Highways Grade crossings Secondary or feeder Grade crossings
Alabama $4,656 $3, 550 $35, 254 $38,804 $42, 354
Arkansas $21,938 9,255 41, 207 55,118 55, 200
California 332,090 29,466 212, 760 234,698 234,698
Colorado 5,775 367,331 391,144
Connecticut 5, 780 2,000 5,780 11, 560
Delaware 42,097 2,000 2,000
Florida 264,445 15,359 6, 800 48,897 49,212
Georgia 451, 556 731,360 776,871
Idaho 5,600 48,189 3,310 25,660 3,310 7, 778
Illinois 73,845 153, 294 229,355
Indiana 2,492 3,000 2,492 5, 500
Iowa 22,040 3,000 3,023
Kansas 33, 386 153,396 2,898 24,938 46,987
Kentucky 413 57,800 244,995 249, 721
Louisiana 367, 720 17,200 367,720 367,736
Maine 77, 238 17,200 37, 085
Maryland 3,830 54, 710 77, 238 77,238
Massachusetts 58, 540 62,370
Michigan 18, 093 226,082 226,082 237, 677
Minnesota 34,100 22,200 33, 770 51, 863 70, 588
Mississippi 2,573 56,300 56,300
Missouri 5b 2, 03 554,611 557,486
Montana 7,919 131, 000 20, 234 131,000 140,389
Nebraska 89,007 5,876 117,160 6,057 143,674
Nevada 181 6,116
New Hampshire 214, 981 4, 590 4, 590 4,590
New Jersey 108,715 323,696 323,696
New Mexico 37,988 1, 095, 900 134, 6001 8,980 106,222 106, 222 106, 222
New York 111, 663 1, 254, 531 1, 264,493
North Carolina 38,982 44, 358 55,720 273, 660 318,840
20
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 6.—Funds allotted to projects completed during the fiscal year 1939—Contd, ON SECONDARY OR FEEDER ROADS IN MUNICIPALITIES—Continued
State Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total Federal funds Estimated total cost
Highways Grade crossings Secondary or feeder Grade crossings
North Dakota. $12,314 134, 509 55, 767 $364,000 744,043 144,700 $3,147 $184,700 $564,161 878,552 207, 261 1,071 505, 282 271, 276 790 656,964 510,951 42,736 18,120 92,748 272,252 465,300 401,888 8,705 30,215 10,470, 759 $567,209 1,035,638 221,376 2,059 566,850 286,288 790 696,492 600,095 80,259 36,650 148,160 294,850 465,300 480,933 11,071 30,215 11,404,138
Ohio
Oklahoma 6,794 1,071 9,030 4,900
Oregon
Pennsylvania 210,875 79,922 285,377 145,628 790 485,386 2,638
South Carolina 40,826
South Dakota
Tennessee 171, 578 60,474
Texas 65,903 42,736 14,650 10, 518 24,153 381,936
Utah
Vermont 3,470 77,882 248, 099 58,900
Virginia 4,348
Washington
West Virginia 406,400 336, 552
Wisconsin 65,336 3,675
Wyoming 5,030 30, 215 2,131, 560
District of Columbia
Total 1,169, 797 6,636, 530 532,872
ON SECONDARY OR FEEDER ROADS OUTSIDE OF MUNICIPALITIES
Alabama $141,414 $106,600 $136,162 329, 737 92,562 1,065, 263 577,081 47,435 11,365 10, 061 237,161 218,831 904,085 315, 575 $215,657 $599,833 329,737 92, 562 1,065, 263 671, 542 301,575 71,125 69,671 1,389,939 278,787 1,353, 671 463, 334 4, 288 124,608 331,839 260,871 249,886 576, 254 1,101,898 462,260 178,157 248,397 87,994 323,086 354, 779 220,494 325, 700 580,996 1,642,939 672, 708 149,124 501,428 414,857 307,929 1, 516, 766 81,173 550,417 82,956 368, 646 1,966,464 378,032 169, 589 786,146 753,051 309, 054 292,168 255, 647 14,000 123,966 23,455,606 $741, 526 506,576 99, 232 1,918,647 1, 202,142 349,450 82,969 79, 732 1,719, 634 552,249 2,328,786 909, 916 4,294 228,279 893, 592 397,702 447, 952 581,995 1,683, 294 722,958 306, 075 518,359 96,497 629,976 436, 766 327,953 418, 500 916, 764 2,875, 269 1,013,410 198, 090 611,016 624,713 512,823 2,653, 534 166, 074 940,113 88,711 617,486 3,913,109 733,930 283,710 1,356,399 1,013,009 435,670 572,312 415,474 14,000 250,901 38, 391, 568
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado. 36, 275 58,186
Connecticut 254,140
Delaware 59, 760
Florida 59,610 151,242 59,956 135,900 16,300
Georgia . $313,843 687,693
Idaho
Illinois 96,529 188,117 29,040 131,459 4,288 4, 070 26, 200
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas 16, 956 44,323 103, 582 243,458 107,635 188, 794
Kentucky 17,858
Louisiana 153, 236
Maine 12,132 130, 757 521,293 185,000 48,960
Maryland 167, 634 277,863 521,380
Massachusetts 59,225 251,635 108,607 248,397 7,865 272,092 345,209 102, 285 79,020 521,681 1,152, 501 339, 259 53,468 73 767
Michigan 25,625 5,749
Minnesota.. 63,801
Missouri
Montana 35,985 44,144 50,994
Nebraska
Nevada 4,350 5,220
New Hampshire 20, 244 97,965
New Jersey 246, 680
New Mexico ... 59,315 345,880 154,960
New York 16, 000 75,858 81, 900 72, 544 48, 731 16, 500 52, 700 96, 589
North Carolina
North Dakota 23,112
Ohio . 378, 930
Oklahoma 200,092 35,000 12,000 198, 265 272,929 891, 307 81,173 287,952 6,250 185,123 1, 666,733 344,282 91, 551 478,344 272,973 119,483 260,953 250, 890
Oregon
Pennsylvania 320, 245 218,128 75,086
Rhode Island ..
South Carolina. 43, 620 4,032 5,295 184, 531 31,990 218,845 11,370 163,476 53,104
South Dakota . 27,780 6,982 15,390 33, 524 7,770 46, 706 1,760 78,038 73,074 436, 722
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont .
Virginia 54,049 180, 679
Washington 43, 356
West Virginia 189, 571 13, 003
Wisconsin . 18, 212
Wyoming 4,757
Hawaii 14,000
Puerto Rico 123,966 13,735, 972
Total 1,677, 567 3,400, 315 2, 709,946 1,931,806
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1939 21
Table 6.—Funds allotted to projects completed during the fiscal year 1939—Contd.
TOTAL
State Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid
Highways Grade crossings Highways Secondary or feeder Grade crossings
Alabama $182, 077 $230,893 $3,212, 670 $139,712 $278, 291
Arizona 1, 799' 919 329,737 30, 741
Arkansas $15,470 87,538 277, 281 1, 792, 683 101,817 61/ 817
California 22; 500 2/938 5, 996,198 1,065,263 1, 361, 783
Colorado 681, 639 371, 564 / 936^ 720 606, 547 89, 748
Connecticut 1,970 653^ 090 ' 582', 221 53, 215
Delaware 9,640 279^ 052 366i 830 1/ 365 65, 889
Florida 39, 920 38’ 957 171, 445 1, 747, 762 10,061 17,416
Georgia 669, 575 1, 696,834 1, 183,876 2, 700 961 252 520 28, 650
Idaho 1,401 61, 009 1, 250, 690 222,141 249,144
Illinois 546, 014 198, 717 1, 439^ 389 6 485, 708 977: 930 563, 280
Indiana 135, 561 4; 500 2,424 144,520 265; 379
West Virginia 160,141 139,827 299,968 401,595
Wisconsin—, 1, 420', 554 367,968 1, 788, 522 3,3:o; 485
Wyoming 22,140 2,500 24,610 38, 340
Hawaii.. __ 111,030 lit 060 224, 740
Total-- 1,047,609 633, 681 2, 603, 691 11,316,071 9,964,770 25,565,822 37, 771,274
ON SECONDARY OR FEEDER ROADS IN MUNICIPALITIES
Alabama-.- $15,000 $28,250 $948, 700 $991,950 $1,052, 613
Arizona. 3; 427 245', 000 248; 427 '271,898
Arkansas. _ _ 17,720 17,720 18,152
California..- ___ 1,430 576,712 578,142 578;192
Colorado.-_ ... 1,790 250,805 252,595 254,025
Delaware _ '450 5; 600 6,050 6; 500
Florida 39,310 14,000 219,800 273', 110 287,110
Georgia .. $15,670 330.400 18,020 43; 240 407, 330 425; 350
Illinois 25; 878 87,000 18; 850 206; 390 338', 118 398,090
Indiana _ . . 75 95', 777 95,852 95,927
Iowa 180 130,300 130; 480 139,973
Kansas 374 335; 848 336; 222 336; 596
Kentucky .. .. _ . 27,000 27,000 157, 960
Maryland ... 180,000 ' 375 180,375 180; 750
Michigan 38,630 43,900 82,530 126,160
Minnesota _ _ 69,755 95,988 565, 417 731,160 830,962
Mississippi . _ 3,100 3; 100 3', 100
.Missouri.*... 6,051 6,051 12,102
Montana 276,614 276,614 276,614
Nebraska. ... _ 14, 793 444; 667 459; 460 474; 253
Nevada . 16,950 16,950 16,950
New Jersey 39, 615 7,140 46,755 47; 009
New York 210,458 210; 458 21i; 258
North Carolina 651,430 20,355 40; 640 712,425 732', 780
North Dakota . 75; 960 75,960 75,960
Ohio _ . 1, 274,991 11,659 190,310 1,476,960 1,747; 450
Oklahoma.. ... 36,855 36,855 36; 855
Oregon. ... _. _ _ ___ 9,656 135', 740 145,396 151,830
Pennsylvania . ... 11,088 822,685 833,773 1,05b 853
South Carolina ... 4,594 64,455 13,000 173; 816 255,865 279', 915
South Dakota 44; 840 64,070 108,910 108,910
Tennessee _ - ... 5,131 373,010 378,141 383,272
Texas 5, 900 34,972 290,790 331, 662 374', 150
Utah .. 36,250 8,923 195,840 241', 013 293,095
Vermont ... 6, 440 6,440 6,440
Virginia _ 123,987 100,000 223, 987 312; 987
Washington . _ _ _ 8, 640 4,749 13;389 2i; 689
Wisconsin __ _ _. 26; 248 365,405 391,653 418,234
Wyoming 7,590 17,790 25,380 29,750
Total 431, 894 2,585,138 439,808 7,517,418 10,974,258 12,226, 714
24
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 7.—Funds allotted to projects under contract on June 30, 1939—Continued ON SECONDARY OR FEEDER ROADS OUTSIDE OF MUNICIPALITIES
State Alabama Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total Federal funds $495,800 195.322 538,852 1,125.428 966, 096 72,417 43,520 480,100 1,179,363 140,187 1,025,086 767,133 122, 241 29,383 477,121 417.040 196,106 662,393 195,689 612,422 567.641 474,481 533,327 426,663 383,049 121, 516 93,614 682, 201 331,313 1,492,150 926,853 75, 776 548,311 114,926 465, 558 1,064,094 49. 644 408,661 329,818 512,898 1, 740. 764 193, 551 70,133 418.291 385.617 445, 628 1,002, 638 264, 259 85,040 113,965 24,064, 079 Estimated total cost $1,089,925 285,881 541.937 1, 639,546 1,298,120 172,794 83,490 965,833 1,393. 776 246, 595 1,956, 552 1,237,643 175,385 56,706 1,379, 562 832,332 327,670 799,470 394.184 1,224,844 901,125 823,462 1,048. 554 752.356 748,945 137,501 124,712 870, 526 509,829 2,442, 700 1,558,397 129, 200 999, 763 153,756 772, 755 2,131,550 99,335 763, 779 388,430 922, 716 2,848,637 276.990 138.086 690,354 706,911 638,036 1,488,112 422, 602 170,080 233,693 39,895,137
Highways Grade crossings Second- ary or feeder $412, 500 173,408 536, 310 542,288 326.076 72,417 39,970 476,300 214,412 140,187 766, 466 470, 510 21,835 27, 323 376,945 319,970 122,395 110, 612 195, 689 612,422 309, 330 348,881 460,127 426,663 347,984 104,184 29. 708 183,135 271, 508 949,450 622, 200 61,606 351,052 44,156 414,091 1,031,893 49, 644 226,069 Grade crossings $83,300
Arizona $19,573 $185 $2,156
Arkansas ... ...
2,542 507, 797
California 71,027 4,316
Colorado 640,020
Connecticut
Delaware Florida — 3, 550 3, 800 75,970
Georgia.. 117,640 541,591 229,750
Idaho
Illinois 48,666 210, 620 296, 623 100,406 2,060 93, 524
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas Kentucky — 6,652 97,070 6,691 170,000
Louisiana .
Maine 67,020 42, 200
Maryland 127,881 211,700
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota . 157,460 120,000 100,851
Mississippi . 5,600
Missouri.. 73,200 35.065 2,035 63,906 335,735 59.805 488.700 130,940 14,170 56,210 70, 770
Montana Nebraska —
Nevada.. ... 15,297
New Hampshire
New Jersey 163,331
New Mexico
New York 54,000
North Carolina 30,383 143,330
North Dakota
Ohio 141,049
Oklahoma
Oregon 31, 467 20, 701 20.000
Pennsylvania 2,500 9.000
Rhode Island
South Carolina South Dakota 36, 400 5,391 63,114 30,037 218, 790 207,490 2,950 83,078 75, 600 6,050 621,860 95, 610 4,480 89,320 19,261 202, 657 436,177 6,480
Tennessee
299,358 1,013,305 97,941 65, 653 257,071 356,356 76, 648 468,877 257. 779 85,040 113, 965 15, 281, 709
Texas 102, 649
Utah Vermont. —
Virginia 31,800 40,100
Washington 10,000
West Virginia .. 65, 400 100,923 97, 584
Wisconsin
Wyoming...
Hawaii .
Puerto Rico
Total 974, 551 1,952, 758 1,284,689 4,570,372
TOTAL
State Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total Federal funds Estimated total cost
Highways Grade crossings Highways Secondary or feeder Grade crossings
Alabama $360,800 19, 573 9,500 71,027 $62,200 38,733 $75,519 24,424 $4, 361,624 1,075,692 3,288, 899 3,119, 267 2, 221,693 691, 803 347,890 1,254,960 3,402, 203 1, 227, 774 4, 952, 730 $440,750 173,408 554,030 542, 287 327,866 72, 417 40,420 490, 300 232, 433 140,187 785, 316 $1, 243,124 443,841 261,584 1, 770, 550 555,919 12,665 11, 470 431,894 463,340 280,535 2,842,995 $6,544,017 1, 775, 671 4,114,013 5,887, 522 3, 752,814 844,558 399, 780 2,216,464 6,374, 461 1,758,813 9,178, 231 $11, 612, 571 2, 327,398 4,121,425 8,994, 555 5,860, 735 1,650,613 798, 251 3,971,157 10,109,098 2, 703,672 15,279. 388
Arizona
Arkansas
California.. 116,218 640,020 21,280 268,173 7,316 25, 684
Colorado
Connecticut 20, 709
Delaware
Florida 39, 310 1,177,959 25,117 356, 666
Georgia. 373,472 34,162 79, 335 725,054 51,038 161,189
Idaho
Illinois
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1939 25
Table 7.—Funds allotted to projects under contract on June 30, 1939—Continued
T OTAL—-Continued
State Indiana Public Works, 1934-35 $17,500 Works Program
Highways $81,491 77,425 24, 288 62, 546 97,070 6,691 679, 354 Grade crossings
Iowa $1,095,675
Kansas
Kentucky 55,086 297, 000 620, 999 63,160 94,491 330, 717 181, 668
Louisiana-
Maine Maryland. 6,550 208,451 4,380
Massachusetts
Michigan 32, 649 79,000 33, 750 274, 561
Minnesota- 202, 698 157,881
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska 93, 899 33,646 129, 238 30,169
Nevada- ._ 21,979
New Hampshire.-.
New Jersey 163,331 86, 562 43,071 566, 925 63,733 40, 000 25,879 45, 016 1,002, 789 63, 600 1, 844, 373 107,500 75, 829 172, 254 6, 781 331, 786 292,620 213,440 446, 640
New Mexico
New York 175, 600 72, 614 37, 770 117,975 11,958 46,467 226,362 50, 421 9,571
North Carolina North Dakota
Ohio. 256,112
Oklahoma
Oregon. 45, 580 176,342 108, 238 30,037
Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee..
Texas. 171, 264 288, 389 36, 250 13, 865 210, 577 46, 591 98,871 72,000 33, 287
Utah
Vermont 10,900 95,458 46, 426 141,092 180,850 20,412
Virginia 11,600 46, 596 160,141 40,860
Washington,
West Virginia Wisconsin
Wyoming.
Hawaii 30, 788
Puerto Rico
Total
2,961, 335 5, 568, 532 10,062, 016
Federal aid Total Federal funds Estimated total cost
Highways Secondary or feeder Grade crossings
$3, 225,174 $470, 585 $863, 358 $4,658,108 $8,458,824
2,358, 933 22,015 695, 207 4,249, 255 7,368,815
1,866, 352 27, 697 955,246 2,873, 583 4, 783,043
2, 277,521 403,945 615, 358 3, 414, 456 6, 776, 438
3,147,061 319, 970 742,048 4,603,149 14,038, 700
756, 481 122, 395 473, 676 1, 365, 793 2, 253,840
1, 618, 791 110, 987 120, 388 3, 358,970 5,140, 992
1,671, 693 195, 689 519, 367 2,454,289 4, 331,120
2, 646, 872 651,052 863, 476 4,288, 540 7, 620,368
3, 780,804 405,319 1, 169, 835 5,968, 373 10, 287, 945
2,876,398 348,881 603, 614 4, 202,192 9, 690, 387
2, 768, 668 466,178 1, 209, 640 4, 719,047 8,107, 516
2,126,835 426,663 897, 694 3,451,192 5,409, 621
2, 757,183 362, 777 1,047, 777 4, 390,874 7,490, 760
872, 735 104,184 198,886 1,261, 599 1, 414, 594
593,295 29, 708 100,459 723,462 1, 364, 458
1, 762,483 183,135 493,541 2, 729, 052 4, 683, 214
1, 294, 793 271, 508 77, 942 1, 713,193 2, 708, 544
5, 689,837 949, 450 2,001,112 9,427, 940 16, 400, 953
3, 310, 887 642, 555 1,376, 785 6, 469, 363 10, 478,449
141,606 61, 606 703,610 1,008,192 1, 232,932
5,098, 727 362, 710 902,120 8, 582,017 14, 567,459
1,046, 474 44,156 302,680 1, 512, 768 2, 516,804
1, 829, 803 423, 747 300, 374 2, 721,800 4, 245,491
5, 510,082 1,042,981 1, 770,595 8,898, 616 16, 071, 204
568,451 49, 644 438, 791 1, 063,667 1, 683,160
1,277,486 239,069 697, 566 2, 704,566 4, 690,618
2, 532, 290 340, 060 3, 204, 578 5,266,939
2, 035, 695 304,489 664; 769 3; 218; 393 5; 669; 037
6, 502,458 1, 048, 277 2,825, 732 11, 282, 760 19, 552, 505
1, 635,807 106,864 375,978 2,154,899 3,098, 523
418, 693 65,653 30, 246 539, 357 1,061, 872
1, 563, 342 257,071 623,130 2,761,178 4, 707, 012
1, 624,858 364, 996 302,450 2,431,917 4, 369, 482
968, 681 76,648 357, 481 1,802,914 2,832, 754
4, 779, 480 495,125 1, 595, 767 7,164,082 12, 727,985
972, 995 265,369 139, 600 1, 431,663 2, 271,446
395, 730 85,040 181, 790 693, 348 1,192,120
871,930 113,965 392,150 1,378,045 2,383,224
113,121,919 15, 721, 517 36,288, 215 183, 723, 534 316,378,011
Table 8.—Funds allotted to projects approved but not under contract on June 30, 1939
ON THE FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY SYSTEM OUTSIDE OF MUNICIPALITIES
State Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total Federal funds Estimated total cost
Highways Grade crossings Highways Grade crossings
Alabama $6,000 $144,500 $14,400 $164,900 $331,400
Arizona 24, 768 24; 168 39,861
Arkansas 110, 653 HO; 653 HO' 703
California 32,471 32; 471 59,808
Colorado 178', 756 178; 756 319, 865
Connecticut 238; 235 166, 540 404; 775 654,910
Delaware 591,871 59i; 871 1,209; 658
Florida . 768, 573 768; 573 i; 537; 146
Georgia 933; 207 27,090 960; 297 1,893, 504
Illinois 500, 545 475, 000 975; 545 i; 496', 280
Indiana 828,665 326,000 1,154; 665 2,088,186
Iowa 238,900 238,900 ' 517; 186
Kansas .. . 1, 738,260 220,124 1,958; 384 3,698,404
Kentucky . 25,157 ‘ 350, 744 10i; 976 ' 477; 877 831,118
Louisiana $22,800 400; 575 423; 375 853; 544
Maine 535,950 90.800 626; 750 1,162, 700
Maryland _ 444,000 444; 000 902; 000
Massachusetts 321,457 321,457 645, 579
26
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 8.—Funds allotted to projects approved but not under contract on June 30. 1939—Continued
ON THE FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY SYSTEM OUTSIDE OF MUNICIPALITIES—Con.
State Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program • Federal aid Total Federal funds Estimated total cost
Highways Grade crossings Highways Grade crossings
Michigan $384,750 417,328 298,264 876,020 8, 349 1,268, 480 188, 792 312,010 806, 770 563, 300 1, 732,338 539, 261 1, 334,963 253, 500 50, 900 747,105 146, 550 240,480 57,490 12, 765 594,466 542, 000 624, 986 130, 000 187, 684 372, 578 148, 750 20,325 $70,000 $454, 750 417.328 298, 264 1,012, 340 8, 349 1,419, 285 188. 792 312,010 956, 770 563, 300 1, 831,444 708,061 1, 334, 963 260,875 50,900 747,105 146, 550 323, 920 57, 490 12, 765 665,476 542,000 624, 986 130,000 187, 998 376,021 148, 750 20, 325 $842,500 837, 511 833,860 1,993,424 14,721 2, 684, 765 382,161 724,020 2,208,020 1,249, 940 3,340,164 1,236, 751 2, 518.299 514,375 112,400 1,327,810 293,100 586,157 79, 965 25,530 1,368,478 1,137,005 1,255,015 314, 779 297,631 758,190 297, 500 49,095
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri 136, 320
Montana
Nebraska 150,805
New Hampshire _
New Jersey
New York 150, 000
North Carolina
North Dakota $99,106
Ohio 168, 800
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania $7,375
South Carolina
South Dakota.
Tennessee.
Texas.. _ 83,440
Utah
Vermont
Virginia .. 2,260 68, 750
Washington ...
West Virginia.
Wisconsin ...
W yoming 314 3,443
Hawaii
District of Columbia
Puerto Rico..
Total ..
101,366 33,932 $31,157 21,242.334 2,250,045 23, 658,834 45,635,018
ON THE FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY SYSTEM IN MUNICIPALITIES
—
Alabama — $4,340 $4,340 $8,690
California Connecticut — $10,000 62, 111 188,600 104,369 — 62, 111 198,600 104,369 64,146 391, 870 209, 694
Florida 30, 440 $75,900 30,440 60,879
$55, 544 40,886 116, 786 158,122 567,447
Georgia Illinois 252,733 308; 277
7,500 438, 205 143, 300 445,705 891, 410
Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana 48,595 191,895 240,490
— 24,000 52,780 32, 278 110,000 14,300 232, 272 96, 254 38,300 285,052 128,532 110,000 66, 595 337,832 160,810 220,835
Maryland Massachusetts Michigan — 48,808 5,005 444, 540 — 48,808 5,005 444,540 97,616 11,000 891,459
Minnesota Mississippi — 99,050 18,142 15, 520 213,540 99,050 231,682 15,520 387,900 249,824 33,460
Nebraska — 45,578 58,147 277,800 323,378 58,147 405,478 116,295
North Carolina North Dakota — $5,106 21,390 68,095 22,689 120,000 141, 390 68,095 27,795 204,880 136,190 47,446
Oklahoma South Carolina South Dakota 4, 261 — 34,934 93, 222 2,100 9,845 218, 200 73,000 15,100 253,134 166, 222 17,20Q 14,106 288,719 248, 492 19,900 25,040
Utah 3,580 190,680 194, 260 206,368
Virginia Washington West Virginia Wyoming Hawaii — 500 64,650 14,500 36,000 500 100,650 14,500 850 175, 050 34,418
62,513 62, 513 125,025
o24 524 831
District of Columbia... 54,860 250,000 54,860 250,000 136,550 283,544
Total 67,305 5,106 10,000 2,577,529 1,956,346 4,616, 286 7,505.155
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 39 27
Table 8.—Funds allotted to projects approved but not under contract on June 30, 1939— Continued
ON SECONDARY OR FEEDER ROADS IN MUNICIPALITIES
State Public Works 1934-35 Works Program grade crossings Federal aid Total Federal funds Estimated total cost
Secondary or feeder Grade crossings
Delaware $2,115 4,920 4,000 180 29, 700 $2,115 73,890 4,000 180 29, 700 113,207 4,080 7,190 3,835 224,282 403, 500 165, 085 269, 900 262,980 3,010 400 81, 920 85, 000 279 26, 729 113,917 1,650 $4,230 78, 810 8, 000 360 60,959 210,000 8,160 14, 568 6, 762 225, 541 535,361 171, 940 269, 900 262,980 5,900 800 81,920 105,140 279 26, 729 133, 986 3,355
Georgia ... $68,970
Illinois
Indiana. .. .
Louisiana ..
Maryland .. .. ... . 113,207
Minnesota 4,080 7,190 3,835 1,260
Missouri
Montana .. .
Nebraska. $32,888 190,134 403, 500 158, 230 269,900 262, 980
New York
North Carolina 6, 855
North Dakota
Ohio .. .. .
Oklahoma.. 3, 010 400
Pennsylvania.
Tennessee 81,920 85, 000 279 26, 729 91, 617
Texas
Utah
Virginia
Washington 22,300 1,650
Wisconsin ... _
Total
32,888 91,495 1, 752,466 1, 876, 849 2,215,680
ON SECONDARY OR FEEDER ROADS OUTSIDE OF MUNICIPALITIES
Arizona. _ $6,150 $11,475 $17,625 $22, 062
Arkansas 22', 703 — 22; 703 ' 22, 703
California 50,895 50,895 86,988
Colorado $17,000 22,990 — 22, 990 40,800
Delaware 10,820 34,850 - 51,850 96,110
Georgia 61,840 72, 660 134,500
Illinois 97, 500 97, 500 195,000
Indiana 173,118 $23, 200 173; 118 385,817
Iowa 200,354 23,200 25,072
Kansas 200,354 400, 708
Kentucky 126, 728 27,200 126, 728 369, 959
Louisiana 83, 630 110, 830 214,030
Maine 98,265 98, 265 198, 590
Maryland 35,855 35,855 107,000
Massachusetts 95, 610 95,610 194,581
Michigan 117,450 117,450 262,300
Minnesota 46,485 46,485 92,970
Mississippi 3,400 — 3,400 6,900
Missouri 87,960 — 87,960 88,196 219, 766
Montana 88,196 ---- 155,494
Nebraska 201, 230 ------ 201,230 424,447
Nevada 44, 685 104,987 44,685 51, 737
New Hampshire 66,225 104,987 105,035
New Jersey 255, 740 321, 965 388,870
New York 127,000 127,000 372,200
North Carolina 47f ibb 47, 755 107,860
North Dakota 27,568 22,907 256,530 22, 907 42,770
Ohio 81,800 365,898 496,888
Oklahoma 306,588 105,800 412,388 725,340
Oregon 35,620 92,550 347,000 35,620 59,356
Pennsylvania 439, 550 740,552
South Carolina.. 66, 200 66, 200 169,800
South Dakota 7,640 90,860 7, 640 13, 880
Tennessee 109,570 90,860 90,860
Texas ------------ 109,570 227,479
Utah 16,000 16, 000 46, 320
Vermont 4,891 32,900 32,900 65,800
Virginia 52,012 _____ 56,903 141,187
Washington. 14,700 16, 500 14, 700 28, 401
West Virginia 58,350 16,500 16,500
Wisconsin 58,350 158,164
Wyoming 164,424 164,424 261,424
Hawaii 11,450 11,450 22, 900
Total 49, 429 17,000 3,018,910 1, 227,817 4,313,156 7,989,120
28
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 8.—Funds allotted to projects approved but not under contract on June 30
1938— Continued
TOTAL
State Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total Federal funds Estimated total cost
Highways Grade crossings Highways Secondary or feeder Grade crossings
Alabama $6,000 $148,840 24,768 172,764 221,071 178.756 342. 604 622, 311 809, 459 1,185,940 938,750 877,260 262, 900 1,791,040 383, 022 510, 575 584, 758 449,005 765,997 483,800 435, 470 313, 784 921,598 8, 349 1, 326, 628 $14,400 $169,240 42,393 195, 467 281,966 201,746 509,144 676,276 885,359 1,415,124 1, 522, 750 1, 519,858 300, 400 2, 443,790 733,137 673. 905 773,823 598,067 861, 607 671, 250 699,575 317,184 1,430,868 100,380 1,902,944 44, 685 293,779 633,975 1, 628,660 844,235 2,152,046 1,590,073 1,916,583 35, 620 700,825 134,300 768,851 319,330 712,750 74, 269 45, 665 849,758 685,117 703,999 190,000 352,946 442, 331 398,750 20,325 $340,090 61,923 197,552 538,666 360. 665 864, 604 1,370,877 1,695,268 2, 674, 261 2.590, 690 2,714,853 608,853 4,436,944 1, 361,887 1, 349,368 1, 458,906 1,230,000 1,731,619 1,492,700 1,188,465 874, 220 2, 633,236 176,977 3,451,048 51, 737 487,196 1,112.890 3,320, 461 1, 665,930 3, 700,280 2,285, 338 3,498,031 59,356 1, 255,727 302,100 1,366,730 465,880 1,125,144 127,414 91,330 1,711,444 1,333,810 1,396, 540 476,298 559,886 917,640 581,044 49,095
Arizona $6,150 $11,475 22,703 50,895 22,990
Arkansas
California 10,000
Colorado
Connecticut 166, 540
Delaware $17,000 36,965
Florida 75,900 96,060 475,000 469, 300 37, 500 452,396 198, 230 27, 200 90,800 113, 207
Georgia 66, 364 7,500 66,760 101, 500 173,298
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas 200, 354 126,728 113, 330 98, 265 35,855 95, 610 117,450 50, 565 3,400 95.150 92,031 202,489 44,685
Kentucky 25,157
Louisiana 22,800
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan 70,000 213, 540
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri 414,120
Montana
Nebraska 32,888 340,939
Nevada. ...
New Hampshire 188,792 312,010 828,160 631,395 1,755, 027 574,195 1, 428,184 104,987 255, 740 673, 500 158,230 269,900 906, 510 178,800
New Jersey 66, 225 127,000 54, 610 22,907 81,800 309,599 35, 620 92,950 66, 200 7, 640
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota 99,106 27, 568 5,106
Ohio.
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania 7,375 253, 500 53,000 756,950 146, 550 244,060 57,990 12,765 659,116 556, 500 687,499 130, 000 188,208 427,438 148, 750 20, 325 347,000 15,100
South Carolina
South Dakota 4, 261
Tennessee 172, 780 359,120 279
Texas 109, 570 16, 000 32,900 52,012 37, 000
Utah
Vermont .
Virginia 7,151 131,479 91,617 16, 500
Washington ...
West Virginia
Wisconsin 60,000 164, 424 11,450
Wyoming 314
Hawaii 3,443
District of Columbia 250,000
Puerto Rico
Total 218.100 56,038 74, 045 23,819,863 3,110, 405 7,186,674 34, 465,125 63,344,973
Table 9.—Balances of funds available for programmed projects on June 30, 1939
State Public Works 1934-35 Wcrks Program Federal-aid system Federal aid, secondary or feeder Federal aid, grade crossings Total
Highways Grade crossings
Alabama.. Arizona $13, 969 $18,343 $25,078 18, 357 61, 953 109, 634 54, 000 93, 056 11, 212 143,122 1,165,561 28,893 $3,101,328 1,825, 489 1, 738,388 4, 293, 753 2,202,372 1,331, 528 1, 008, 742 2,904,467 5,652, 962 1,662, 248 3, 545,138 2, 268, 286 $782,784 355,372 440,945 758,464 235, 353 286, 249 231, 250 374, 744 1,083,865 295, 511 770, 576 644,375 $842, 733 281, 092 1, 225, 099 1, 296, 732 893,860 832,360 513, 891 1,158, 058 2,306, 620 454,970 2,354,151 969, 772 $4,784,235 2,480,310 3, 484,522 6,461, 228 3,669, 207 2, 569,489 1,826,562 4, 634,992 10, 597, 651 2,461,897 6,675,036 3, 931,142
Arkansas.. California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois. 1,604 3, 920 8,243 169, 268 13, 781 5,171 8,121 18,137 1, 041 283, 622 22,376 61, 467 46,358 219, 375 6,494
Indiana 40,588
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTAIENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 39 29
Table 9.—Balances of funds available for programmed projects on June 30, 1939— Continued
State Public W orks 1934-35 Works Program Federal-aid system Federal aid, secondary or feeder Federal aid, grade crossings Total
Highways Grade crossings
Iowa...... $48, 583 $5,344 $1,533, 270 $1,657,792 $1,369,238 $4, 565,644
Kansas 35,366 4,195, 785 1, 353,173 1,075, 292 6, 708,199
Kentucky... $12, 504 6,645 101,779 3, 017, 531 317,903 1,107,615 4,551, 473
Louisiana... 5,451 189,917 2, 703, 740 398, 713 1, 026, 699 4, 337, 024
Maine 58 4,784 18, 043 406,151 37, 761 207, 671 674, 468
Maryland 7,979 45,811 117,424 1,824, 539 388,839 993,901 3,378,493
Massachusetts. 201,184 78, 722 320,951 2, 574, 887 498,369 1, 727, 702 5, 401,815
Michigan 7,668 2,968 3,145. 182 967,350 2,085,059 6, 200,559
Minnesota 15,533 4,818 3,815, 595 1, 202,621 1, 537, 428 6, 568,130
Mississippi. 10,364 25,138 2,824, 715 798, 585 701, 338 934, 587 4, 608,922
Missouri 179,993 59,399 194, 486 4,663, 254 1, 679,326 7, 477, 796
Montana 11, 265 9,439 24, 621 4,445,648 813, 334 327, 257 5,631,564
Nebraska.. — 7,325 21,177 180,135 2,890, 294 446, 867 550, 707 4,096,505
Nevada.. - 7,350 8,691 1,603,560 192,987 112,509 1,909,056
New Hampshire. 2,500 932, 785 188, 007 316,039 1,452,872
New Jersey 7,991 18 510 2, 246, 292 542, 598 1,426,875 4, 244, 766
New Mexico 8,342 2,356 339 1,524, 043 252,877 675,857 2, 463,814
New York 6,020 210, 887 591, 843 4,110,959 851,452 4, 288, 723 10,059,884
North Carolina.. 2,306 3,680 20, 283 2,112,429 349,602 990,495 3,476,489
North Dakota. 1,215 59, 108 3,430, 254 875, 949 369,188 4, 738, 020
Ohio 926 29, 257 313, 270 7, 319,148 1, 850, 842 3, 254, 391 12, 766,908
Oklahoma.. 13, 953 91,268 3,841, 245 973, 691 2,191,397 7,112,480
Oregon 10,006 7,470 20, 028 2, 249,713 269,990 314,891 2,872,098
Pennsylvania 191,121 194, 499 366,117 5, 231,412 714,676 4, 545, 633 11, 243,458
Rhode Island 10, 591 8,337 128,957 1, 073, 748 134, 171 152,459 1,360. 378
South Carolina 2, 408, 179 279, 791 959, 865 3, 795, 720
South Dakota 24,877 16,304 3,427,465 1,050, 410 1,110,539 5,604.718
Tennessee 215,024 4,604,324 881, 848 1,373, 250 7, 099,323
Texas 432,602 7,136,819 1,160, 749 2, 208, 513 10,938,683
Utah 1,640 1, 076. 602 209,198 217, 372 1, 503.172
Vermont 15,892 11, 789 637,953 77, 967 317,471 1,035.031
Virginia 100,026 1, 066,943 367, 303 912,147 2,474, 100
Washington 821 621 35,150 1, 080, 604 266, 006 502,865 1,886,067
West Virginia 21,652 38,386 47,138 2, 263,331 515, 848 964,852 3,851, 207
Wisconsin 3,799 22,705 1, 769, 726 693, 622 1,162,829 3,648, 882
Wyoming 58, 983 1, 026, 385 88,192 514, 272 1, 691, 631
District of Columbia... 313 338, 750 73,125 128,186 540, 061
Hawaii 1,058,510 223, 510 360, 830 1,643,163
Puerto Rico 482, 540 82,069 426, 676 991, 285
Total 936,393 1,535, 738 5, 520, 430 133, 629,011 29,008,613 57, 549,944 228,180,129
Table 10.—Mileage of projects completed during the fiscal year 1939 ON. THE FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY SYSTEM OUTSIDE OF MUNICIPALITIES
Public Works Program Federal aid
State Alabama Works, 1934-35 Miles Highways Miles 1.3 Grade crossings Miles Highways Miles 234.3 125.3 Grade crossings Miles Total Miles 235.6 125.3 139.1 229.9 137.2 10.3 17.6 82.4 280.3 200.3 310.1 161.3 273.6 739.8 217.9 38.3 70.3 25.3 11.8 157.7 284.5
Arizona
Arkansas 1.0 3.0 8.6 103.4 228.1 134.3 9.9 17.1 82.4 23.1 1.8
California
Colorado 2.9
Connecticut .4
Delaware .2 .3
Florida
Georgia 1.9 14.9 7.1 255.8 197.0 308.8 158.1 271.1 734.1 216.9 37.3 .6 3.3 .6 2.0 2.5 5.7
Idaho
Illinois .7
Indiana.. 1.2
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky 1.0
Louisiana 1.0
Maine .4 69.9
Maryland 1.0 4.4 19.9
M assachusetts .6 . 1 11.1
Michigan .3 157.3 284.5 .1
Minnesota....... ......
30
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 10.—Mileage of projects completed during the fiscal year 1939—Continued ON THE FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY SYSTEM OUTSIDE OF MUNICIPALITIES-Continued
State Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total
Highways Grade crossings Highways Grade crossings
Mississippi Missouri Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
2.6 — 0.9 251.3 160.2 0.2 1.2 255.0 161.4
Montana - .4 102.8 10.2 113.4
Nebraska 1.6 404.2 8.9 414.7
Nevada 202.5 .9 203.4
New Hampshire 23.7 .6 24.3
New Jersey New Mexico .4 16.3 284.4 14.9 16.7 299.3
New York North Carolina ... 0.2 .2 1.1 253.5 315.1 2.1 1.1 255.8 317.5
North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon 4.3 2.2 .3 287.0 291.3
.4 100. 5 267.0 152.9 .2 102.7 267.7 153.1
Pennsylvania 5.4 132.0 .7 138.1
Rhode Island 1.0 14.6 14.6
South Carolina 4.4 1.1 246.3 .1 248.5
South Dakota. 13.0 .5 295.7 .6 314.2
Tennessee Texas. 199.9 1,115.9 15.4 199.9 1,131. 3
Utah 123.2 1.1 124.3
Vermont 33.4 2.1 35.5
Virginia 249.1 1.4 250. 5
Washington .7 .5 112.4 1.5 115.1
West Virginia .1 1.1 67.3 .7 69.2
Wisconsin . 1 2.6 .3 167.1 3.3 170.8
Wyoming Hawaii Puerto Rico 3.0 303.0 1.1 309.7
— .6 .6 23.3 14.2 .4 24.5 14.6
Total 29.2 36.4 36.3 9, 575.4 108.4 9, 785. 7
ON THE FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY SYSTEM IN MUNICIPALITIES
Alabama Miles Miles Miles 1 0 Miles Miles Miles' 13.3 .3 5.5 28.9 4.8 2.1 .7
Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware .4 .5 .3 3.7 28.3 4.8 1.6 .7 1.4 .6
Georgia Idaho 3.9 8.2 .1 1. 0 25.4 1.0 37.6
1. 2 .3 1.5
Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas .4 .6 — .8 21.3 5.2 .3 22.8 5.8
.8 . 5 1.2 18.8 23.5 .7 .6 20.3 26 1
Kentucky Louisiana 1.1 1.2 .6 .4 5.9 .9 .4 9.2 1.3
Maryland Massachusetts 1.2 1.3 5.1 . 1 1.3 1.2 5 2
Michigan Minnesota Mississippi . ............ Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey .2 .6 .7 .3 2.6 .2 .1 2.8 .1 .3 .4 .1 .3 16.8 33.4 32.8 5.2 .9 9.7 1.9 3.7 .2 .9 .5 17.2 33.9 36.6 6.4 1.5 12.8 1.9 4.4
New York.. North Carolina 1.0 .2 .2 10.5 19.6 21.6 . 2 10.5 21.0 21 R
North Dakota. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island .8 28.5 1.0 .1 5.5 .1 34.9
.2 .6 11.8 5.8 6.1 1.0 13.4 5.9 7.3
.2 3.3 2.0 12.2 3.3 17.7
South Carolina. .4 2.2 .7 20.8 .4 24^5
South Dakota. Tennessee.... .8 12.9 1.5 4.8 7.5 20.0 7.5
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9 31
Table 10.—Mileage of projects completed during the fiscal year 1939—Continued ON THE FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY SYSTEM IN MUNICIPALITIES—Continued
State Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total
Highways Grade crossings Highways Grade crossings
Texas Miles 0.5 Miles 2.9 Miles Miles 40.6 9.9 .5 6.7 1.9 4.0 21.8 1.3 Miles Miles 44.0 9.9 .5 9.4 1.9 5.1 21.8 2.4
Utah
Vermont .
Virginia Washington . .3 .2 1.2 1.0
West Virginia .2 .9
Wisconsin ...
Wyoming .6 .5
Total
13.5 67.3 14.1 481.9 9.6 586.4
ON SECONDARY OR FEEDER ROADS IN MUNICIPALITIES
State Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total
Highways Grade crossings Secondary or feeder Grade crossings
Alabama Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
— 0.7 0.2 0.9
Arkansas . 9 . 1 1.0
California 0.3 .3 • 3
Colorado 1. 9 2. 2
Connecticut 10.5 1.4 • 3 _____ • 3
Georgia 2. 7 14.6
Idaho . 4 . 4
Illinois . 8 . 3 17. 8 18. 9
Indiana . 3 . 3
Kansas . 9 . 9
Kentucky . 5 . 1 . 4 1. 0
Louisiana . 7 2.4 . 7 2.4
Maine _____
Maryland . 4 .4
Massachusetts.. . 1 . 1 . 2
Minnesota . 1 L6
Mississippi 1. 5 . 1
Missouri . 3 1. 5 1. 8
Montana . 1 2.3 . 1
Nebraska 1. 4 . 6 4. 3
New Jersey . 3 — . 2 . 5
New Mexico . 2 • 2
New York . 1 . 7 1.1 . 1 2. 0
North Carolina. . 5 . 4 13.1 . 6 14. 6
North Dakota... . 1 1. 5 . 1 1. 7
Ohio 1.0 . 4 1.4
Oklahoma — 4.0 . 4 1.3 — 5.7
Oregon 5.8 . 6 . 6
Pennsylvania . 4 1. 6 7.8
South Carolina. _ 8.9 . 9 1. 7 . 5 12.0
South Dakota... 2.0 . 4 . 4
Tennessee .8 13.5 6.6 1.8 2.8 21.4 6.6
Texas Utah 6.1
Vermont 1.4 1.4
Virginia .4 .1 . 5
Washington 2.3 .6 2.9
West Virginia.-. .6 2.1 .3 .9
Wisconsin .3 2.4
Wyoming .6 .6
District of Columbia .2 .2
Total 43.1 10.0 80.4 5.5 139.0
32
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 10.—Mileage of projects completed during the fiscal year 1939— Continued
ON SECONDARY OR FEEDER ROADS OUTSIDE OF MUNICIPALITIES
Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid
State High-ways Grade crossings Secondary or feeder Grade crossings Total
Alabama Miles 6.5 Miles 0.1 Miles 23.6 42.3 9.1 117.8 62.9 1.3 5.3 Miles 1.9 Miles 32.1 42.3 9.1 117.8 69.2 1.9 5.3 .5 140.3 57.4 185.4 81.6 39.3 108.1 26.9 25.7 11.3 2.7 40.8 42.2 71.3 7.8 104.9 68.8 11.7 3.4 58.0 168.9 82.1 45.5 7.4 42.7 62.8 140.2 7.2 93.8 26.8 27.1 513.3 59.3 13.2 120.0 64.4 31.9 26.7 58.4 13.7
Arizona .
Arkansas .
California
Colorado 6.0 .3
Connecticut f>
Delaware .
Florida . . 5
Georgia 7.0 63.1 2.’8 6 67.4 56.8 149.7 80.2 29.0 105.8 20.0 23.3
Idaho ...
Illinois 7.1 28.4 .2
Indiana ... .4 1.0
Kansas 10.3
Kentucky . . 2.3
Louisiana 6.9
Maine . 8 1.6
Maryland . 4.3 6.1 9
Massachusetts . .4 5 1.8 37.5 42.2 71.3
Michigan ... 3.3
Minnesota. .. _
Missouri .
Montana 3.4 4.4
Nebraska 5.9 99.0 68.8 6.1 2.5 57.5 166.7 76.1 25.3 3.7 40.9 62.6 131.9 7.2 77.3
Nevada
New Hampshire 5.6
New Jersey . .9
New Mexico .5 .9 .2
New York . . 2 1.0 .1 .9
North Carolina. . 4.9
North Dakota ... 4.0 16.2
Ohio... . 2.2 1.5
Oklahoma . .2 1.6
Oregon .2
Pennsylvania 1.0 6.6 .3 .4
Rhode Island
South Carolina . 7.7 8.8
South Dakota ... 6.2 .4 17.4 2.8
Tennessee .4 9.1 17.6 501.6 59.3 12.4 90.5 61.9 21.4 26.7 58.4 13.7
Texas .2 8.6 2.9
Utah
Vermont . .8 5.1 2.0
Vriginia 15.5 8.9
Washington ... _ . .5
West Virginia 10.5
Wisconsin _
Wyoming . .
Puerto Rico.
Total | 74.8 211.4 28.2 2,636.4 20.4 2,971.2
TOTAL
Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid
State Highways Grade crossings Highways Secondary or feeder Grade crossings Total
Alabama.. Arizona. ....... r.... Arkansas... California Colorado -... - Connecticut. Delaware Florida. Miles i.o Miles 7.8 3.0 -,.9.0 .2 Miles 1.1 8.9 _ .3 1.5 .3 .5 Miles 246.6 125.6 107.2 256.3 139.0 11.5 17.8 83.4 Miles 24.3 42.3 9.9 117.9 64.8 1.6 5.3 Miles 2.1 24.7 2.7 .3 Miles 281.9 167.9 154.7 376.9 213.4 14.6 23.6 83.9 472.8 259.6 537.2 249.0
Georgia Idaho. Illinois Indiana. 12.8 7.5 1.9 96.7 29.2 11.4 .6 2.0 .4 281.2 198.2 330.2 163.3 70.1 57.2 167.4 80.5 .6 3.6 .9 2.9
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1939 33
Table 10.—Mileage of projects completed during the fiscal year 1939—Continued
TOTAL—Continued
State Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total
Highways Grade crossings Highways Secondary or feeder Grade crossings
Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
Iowa .. 0.3 0.5 290.0 3.1 293 9
Kansas . 11.0 1.2 757. 6 29.9 6.4 806 1
Kentucky 1.1 4.0 1.8 222.8 106.1 .4 336 2
Louisiana 6.9 2.0 38.3 20.0 67 2
Maine .8 . 4 71.2 25. 7 1.6 99 7
Maryland . 6.5 10.5 1.3 19.9 38 2
Massachusetts 1.0 .6 16.3 1.8 . 2 19 9'
Michigan 3.7 .4 174.1 37.4 . 1 215 7
Minnesota . .2 .3 317.9 42.2 1 360 7
Mississippi 3.2 4. 1 1.4 284.1 . 4 293 2
Missouri . .2 .4 165. 5 72.8 2.0 240 91
Montana 3.4 4.4 .5 103. 7 10 8 122 8
Nebraska. . _ 10.2 2.5 413.9 101.3 8 8 536 7
Nevada . 202. 5 68.8 . 9 272’ 2
New Hampshire .. . 5.6 25.7 6. 0 . 6 37 9
New Jersey .7 1.6 20.0 2.5 . 2 25* 0
New Mexico .. 294.9 57. 5 15 6 368 0
New York 1.1 1.5 1. 0 273.1 167.9 3 1 447 7
North Carolina . ... 5.6 2.3 336.7 89.3 2.1 436 0
North Dakota 9.2 44.8 .1 292.3 26.8 . 2 373 4
Ohio .. ... _ 3.7 5.1 112.3 3.8 124 9
Oklahoma . o 6.1 .9 272.7 42.1 322 0
Oregon .4 159.0 63. 2 1 2 223 8
Pennsylvania _ ... 1.2 15.6 8.1 144. 2 133. 5 1 2 303 8
Rhode Island ... . . 17.9 7. 2 25 1
South Carolina 8. 9 19.9 2.7 267.1 79.1 1.1 378 8
South Dakota 20. 0 17.7 19. 7 300.6 3.4 361 4
Tennessee.. .. ....-_ .4 11. 1 .8 207.4 17.6 237 3
Texas .7 17. 5 1,156. 4 515. 2 20 2 1 710 0
Utah 133.1 65. 9 1.1 200 1
Vermont. ....... ...... 33.9 13.8 2 9 5i0 6
Virginia _ . 15.8 9.1 1.3 255. 8 90.8 7. 6 380 4
Washington . .7 1.1 114.2 64.3 4 0 184 3
West Virginia. 10.7 1.9 71.3 21.4 1. 8 107 1
Wisconsin . . 1 .6 188.8 28. 9 3 3 221 7
Wyoming 3.6 2.6 .5 304.3 59.0 1 1 371 1
Hawaii ... _ .6 .6 23.3 24 5
District of Columbia 2 2
Puerto Rico — 14.2 13.7 .4 28.3
Total 117.5 358.2 88.6 10,057. 3 2, 716.8 143.9 13,482.3
Table 11.—Mileage of projects under contract on June 30, 1939
ON THE FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY SYSTEM OUTSIDE OF MUNICIPALITIES
State Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total
Highways Grade crossings Highways Grade crossings
Alabama Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
— 301.9 0.2 302.1
Arizona 60.1 3.1 63.2
Arkansas 211. 2 5. 2 216.4
California 66. 0 .9 66.9
Colorado 89. 2 . 4 89.6
Connecticut 15. 7 15. 7
Delaware 11.8 11.8
Florida 0.8 0.1 1.6 39. 3 6.3 39.3
Georgia Idaho 316.5 325. 3
53. 0 4.0 57.0
Illinois .4 213. 7 4. 0 218. 1
Indiana. . 1 1.1 131. 6 1.2 132.9
Iowa . 1 182. 6 . 4 184.2
Kansas 172.1 5. 3 177. 4
Kentucky .5 98.6 3. 5 102. 1
Louisiana 57. 4 13. 8 71. 7
183817—39----5
34
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 11.—Mileage of projects under contract on June 30, 1939—Continued
ON THE FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY SYSTEM OUTSIDE OF MUNICIPALITIES—Continued
State Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total
Highways Grade crossings Highways Grade crossings
Maine Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
0.1 1.8 29.2 4.9 34.2
Maryland Massachusetts 1.1 0.5 53.7 20.8 1.6 57.1 22.4
Michigan. .6 139.1 6.2 145. 9
Minnesota Mississippi .4 341.7 320.4 .6 1.2 342.7 321. 6
Missouri 214.0 1.1 215.1
Montana 188.7 4.8 193.5
Nebraska Nevada .8 .6 450.2 44.5 12.7 1.4 464.3 45.9
New Hampshire... 31.2 .5 31. 7
New Jersey. New Mexico... New York... North Carolina 1.1 1.4 — 22.1 121.9 204.2 383.2 5.6 2.2 22.1 121.9 212.3 385. 4
North Dakota Ohio . 1 — 9.7 27.8 112.4 3.2 2.5 40.8 114.9
Oklahoma .3 28.7 2.4 31.4
Oregon . 1 125.1 .5 125. 7
Pennsylvania Rhode Island.. 1.0 — 103.0 11.0 .6 . 3 104.6 11 3
South Carolina.. 1.3 84.5 .8 86 6
South Dakota Tennessee.. Texas Utah 413.4 102.5 6.8 420.2 102.5
617.6 89.2 21.0 638.6 89.2
Virginia 73.6 2.7 22.4 76. 3
Washington 34.4 1.6 36.0
West Virginia 47.7 .7 48 4
Wisconsin 262.7 1.9 264. 6
Wyoming ... 147. 5 .5 148. 0
Hawaii Puerto Rico 1.8 — 10.3 35.2 2.2 1.3 14.3 36.5
Total 6.0 4.3 17.1 6,934. 6 140.1 7,102.1
ON THE FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY SYSTEM IN MUNICIPALITIES
■
Alabama... Arkansas. California Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
1.5 — 0.1 23.8 10.0 0.6 25.9 10.0
Colorado • 4 1. 7
5. 0 . 3 5 3
Delaware Florida 1.0 1.0
2.8 . 2 3. 0
Georgia Idaho 1.3 4.6 .7 34.8 2.3 .7 .4 42.1 2.7
Illinois Indiana Iowa E5- 1.1 .4 17.4 4.7 1.7 21.0 5.8
2. 3 12. 3 1.1 1 15 7
Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts — .2 5.6 1.8 3.2 1.5 .1 1.2 1 1.1 I 2. 1 .4 3.2 4.3 9.2 .5
1. 7 .2 1.9
Michigan Minnesota.. Mississippi-
.3 15.7 29.4 8.4 1.3 | 17.1 30.1 10.0
Montana 1.0 8. 5
Nebraska. Nevada 6. 5 10. 1 .7 1.4 7. 2 11. 5
New Hampshire . 8 . 8
New Jersey 7.9 .1! . 2 8.0
New Mexico
New York 5.4 . 3
North Carolina 12.6 [ 4.9 17. 5
North Dakota Ohio .4 .7 3.7 1 .9 .4 2.1 4.5
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 39 35
Table 11.—Mileage of projects under contract on June 30, 1939—Continued
ON THE FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY SYSTEM IN MUNICIPALITIES—Continued
State Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total
Highways Grade crossings Highways Grade crossings
Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
Oklahoma . . . . . 1.0 1. 0
Oregon 2.9 0.4 3 3
Pennsylvania 13. 7 1. 0 14 7
Rhode Island . 3.1 .5 3 6
South Carolina . ... 0.2 2.0 .7 2 9
South Dakota 5.3 5 3
Tennessee _ 10.3 . 4 10 7
Texas . 6 14.5 5.4 20. 5
Utah 16. 2 16 2
Virginia __ 0. 2 2. 3 2 5
Washington . 1.5 1 5
West Virginia. 2.3 3.7 6 0
Wisconsin 45. 0 . 2 45 2
Wyoming 1. 0 1. 0
Hawaii 2.5 2.5
Total , . 7.3 8.3 10.3 360.1 32.3 418.3
ON SECONDARY OR FEEDER ROADS IN MUNICIPALITIES
State Public , Works 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total
Highways Grade crossings Secondary or feeder Grade crossings
Alabama Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
— 2.6 1.5 4.1
Arizona 1.7 . 2 . 2
Arkansas 1. 7
California . 7 . 7
Colorado . 1 1. 0 1.1
Delaware... . 3 . 3 .6
Florida 0.7 . 4 . 4 .8
Georgia 1. 4 5. 0 . 4 7.5
Illinois 1. 0 . 2 3.1 . 2 4. 5
Indiana . 1 . 1
Iowa . 4 . 4
Kansas : . 1 . 2 . 3
Kentucky . 2 . 2
Maryland . 2 — . 1 . 3
Michigan 3.0 1.9 3.0
Minnesota.... ... 2. 2 4.1
Missouri 1.8 1.8
Montana 3.5 . 2 . 2
Nebraska . 8 4.3
New Jersey . 2 . 2
New York 3.2 . 1 . 1
North Carolina 1.8 5.0
North Dakota... . 6 . 6
Ohio . 8 . 6 . 5 1.9
Oregon 2. 9 . 1 3.0
Pennsylvania > 8 . 6 1.4
South Carolina . 7 . 3 3.0 . 9 4.9
South Dakota 1. 0 .2 1.2
Tennessee > — .3 .3 .6
Texas . 4 — 11.3 .9 12.6
Utah 1.8 2. 3 4. 1
Virginia 1. 4 1.8 . 1 1.5
Washington 1.8
Wisconsin — 1.1 1.1 2.2
Wyoming 1.1 — 1. 1
Total 6.4 5.5 53.0 13.2 78.1
36
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 11.—Mileage of projects under contract on June 30, 1939—Continued ON SECONDARY or feeder roads outside of municipalities
State Public Works 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total
Highways Grade crossings Secondary or feeder Grade crossings
Alabama Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
30.5 1.9 32 4
Arizona Arkansas California ■. — 29.4 71.8 44.7 1.9 29.4 71.8 46.6
Colorado ... Connecticut.. Delaware — 6.4 — 24.2 2.9 17.3 .3 30.6 2.9 17 6
Florida Georgia 4.6 23.9 6.0 37.2 51.5 .5 37.2 86. 5
Idaho Illinois Indiana - 6.9 — 11.2 90.8 80.5 .3 3.5 11.2 98.0 84.0
Iowa Kansas Kentucky 34.9 17.6 87.5 .9 2.6 35.8 17.6 90. 1
Louisiana Maine 10.4 59.9 70.3
1.9 1.5 1.1 13.3 .2 14.6
Maryland i Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri 3.5 1.4 17.6 9.2 78.6 60.2 .5 24.4 9.2 78.6 62.2
5. 2 — 61.3 119.4 .2 66.5 119 6
Montana Nebraska - 58.2 140.3 .6 58.2 140 9
Nevada New Hampshire — 15.5 2.4 .9 15.5 3 3
New Jersey New Mexico 1.9 12.4 28.1 .6 1.0 14.9 29. 1
New York North Carolina North Dakota — 4.1 — 106.4 115.8 8.3 .8 .4 .3 111.3 116.2 8. 6
Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina 1.4 8 9 4.4 . 1 36.5 .8 69.4 115.5 2.2 53.9 .7 .5 5.9 46. 1 1.3 69.5 115.5 2.2 65.6
South Dakota Tennessee. Texas Utah. Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin 4. 8 4.7 31.7 207.8 1.0 10.5
8.0 . 6 3.7 32.3 219.5
— 4.3 .3 .5 24.9 4.5 57.8 38.4 8.4 .1 .9 24.9 4.5 58.2 38.4 14. 1
.6 31. 6 3.7
Wyoming 22.9 22.9
Puerto Rico — 12.5 4. 6 12.5
Total. 28.2 79.7 9.5 2, 262. 3 33.9 2,413.6
TOTAL
State Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total
Highways Grade crossings Highways Secondary or feeder Grade crossings
Alabama Miles 1.5 Miles Miles Miles 325.8 60.3 221.2 67.2 94. 2 15.7 12.8 42. 1 Miles 33.1 29.3 73.5 44.7 24.3 2.9 17.5 37.6 Miles 4. 1 3.2 5.2 3.9 1.7 . 7 .6 Miles 364.5 92.8 299.9 115.9 126.6 18.6 31.0 80.3
Arizona. ...
Arkansas _
California _ _ 0.1
Colorado 6.4
Connecticut.. ... _
Delaware
Florida
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9 37
Table 11.-—Mileage of projects under contract on June 30, 1939—Continued
TOTAL—Continued
State Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total
Highways Grade crossings High-ways Secondary or feeder Grade crossings
Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
Georgia 6.7 29.4 9.5 351.1 56.7 8.0 461.4
Idaho ... 55.3 11.2 4.4 70.9
Illinois 8.4 1.0 1.1 231.1 93.8 6.2 341.6
Indiana 1.2 136.4 80.5 4.7 222.8
Iowa .1 3.4 194.8 35.4 2.4 236.1
Kansas .. _ .2 173.9 17.7 6.7 198.5
Kentucky __ 101.9 87.7 7. 1 196.7
Louisiana. . _ 10.4 6.1 58.6 60.0 16. 1 151.2
Maine . 1 1. 1 29.4 13.4 5.3 49.3
Maryland ._ 3.0 7.1 2.0 53.9 17.7 83.7
Massachusetts. 25.0 9.2 1.8 36.0
Michigan ... ... .6 154.7 81.6 7.7 244.6
Minnesota 1.5 .4 371.1 62.5 3.6 439.1
Mississippi.. 5.2 .3 328.7 61. 4 2.5 398.1
Missouri .4 221.2 121.1 2.3 345.0
Montana .. 195.2 58.2 5.7 259. 1
Nebraska .8 . 6 460.2 143.8 15.6 621.0
Nevada 45.3 15.5 1.4 62.2
New Hampshire 31.4 2.4 1.4 35.2
New Jersey . 1.9 .2 29.9 12.5 .7 45.2
New Mexico . 122.2 28.1 1.0 151.3
New York.. 1.1 5.5 209.7 106.4 6.9 329.6
North Carolina . 1.8 395.8 119.0 7.5 524.1
North Dakota — .6 9.7 28.6 8.3 4.9 52. 1
Ohio 8.9 1.2 116. 1 37.1 4.1 167.4
Oklahoma . . .3 29.7 .8 2.9 33.7
Oregon.. .. _ . 1 128.0 72.3 1. 1 201.5
Pennsylvania _ 1.0 116.8 116.3 2.1 236.2
Rhode Island 14.1 2.2 .8 17. 1
South Carolina 1.4 5. 1 1.9 86.3 56.9 8.4 160.0
South Dakota . 4.8 4.7 1.0 418.7 8.0 437. 2
Tennessee. .6 112.8 32.0 .7 146. 1
Texas 8.4 .6 632.1 219.0 31.1 891.2
Utah 1.8 105.4 27.2 134.4
Vermont . 22.4 4.5 26.9
Virginia .. .2 1.4 .3 75.9 57.8 2.9 138.5
Washington _ 36.0 40. 1 1.6 77.7
West Virginia. 2.3 4.3 .5 51.5 8.3 1.6 68.5
Wisconsin... _ .6 307.7 32.7 6.9 347.9
Wyoming . 148.5 24.0 .5 173.0
Hawaii _ 1.8 12.8 4.6 2.2 21.4
Puerto Rico 35.2 12.5 1.3 49.0
Total 41.5 98.7 42.4 7, 294. 7 2,315. 3 219.5 10, 012.1
Table 12.—Mileage of projects approved but not under contract on June 30, 1939 ON THE FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY SYSTEM OUTSIDE OF MUNICIPALITIES
Public Works Program Federal aid
State W orks, 1934-35 Highways Grade crossings Highways Grade crossings Total
Alabama _ Miles Miles Miles 0.1 Miles 4.6 Miles Miles 4.7
Arizona __ 10.1 10. 1
Arkansas _ _ _______ _ 1.8 1.8
California __ 4.5 4.5
Colorado _ 2.8 2.8
Connecticut 4.1 0.6 4. 7
Delaware 24.9 24.9
Florida _________ 29.5 29.5
Georgia 108.8 108.8
Illinois 24.6 2.0 26.6
Indiana _ __________ 39.1 .3 39.4
Iowa 35.8 35.8
Kansas _ 192.0 4.8 196.8
Kentucky 51.5 .8 52.3
Louisiana 20.3 20.3
Maine 28.1 .5 28.6
38
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 12.—Mileage of projects approved but not under contract on June 30, 1939— Continued
ON THE FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY SYSTEM OUTSIDE OF MUNICIPALITIES—Continued
State Public Works Program Federal aid
Works, 1934-35 Highways Grade crossings Highways Grade crossings Total
Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Pennsylvania South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Hawaii District of Columbia Puerto Rico Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
14.1 12.6 5.9 23.6 104.6 39.8 43.7 287.0 12.4 1.5 21.0 57.3 0.5 .8 .9 .4 12.6 5.9 24.1 104.6 39.8 44. 5 287.9 12.4 1.5 21.4 57.3
316.9 12.9 87.7 3.3 22.2 128.1 8.4 49.0 10.5 .6 .4 .5 331.0 13.3 87.7 3.3 22.2 128. 1 8.4 49.5 10.5 .6
.3 0.1 — 35.9 10.0 29.1 22.2 37.7 13.7 2.0 .5 .4 36.6 10.0 29.1 22.2 37.7 13.8 2.0 .5
Total 14.4 .1 0.1 1,982. 6 12.9 2,010. 1
ON THE FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY SYSTEM IN MUNICIPALITIES
Arkansas . _ Miles Miles Miles Miles 1.4 1.8 1.5 .7 1.8 46.0 4.8 1.5 9.7 8.4 1.0 1.3 3.2 .3 4.4 .3 5.1 2.0 1.5 6.3 .9 2.1 3.7 .5 5.6 1.5 3.2 .8 .3 3.2 .3 1.0 . 2 .7 Miles Miles 1.4 2.0 1. 5 .7 2.2 46.6 5.0 2.1 9.7 9. 1 1.2 1.3 3. 2 .3 4.4 .3 5.3 2.0 2.0 6.3 1.5 2.1 4.2 . 5 6.1 1.7 3.9 1.8 .3 3.5 .3 1.0 .2 .7 . 1
California . . 0.2 0.4 .6
Connecticut... . _
Delaware..
Florida
Georgia _ 0.6 .2
Illinois
Indiana...
Iowa
Kansas .7 .2
Kentucky. ....
Louisiana...
Maine
Maryland.
Massachusetts- .
Michigan.. .2
Minnesota..
Mississippi
Missouri. _ .5
Nebraska..
New York .6
North Carolina.. . .
North Dakota.. 0.5
Ohio .
Oklahoma .5 .2
South Carolina.. .
South Dakota. .7
Texas 1.0
Utah
Virginia . .3
Washington. . .
West Virginia
Wyoming
Hawaii. __
District of Columbia .1
Total
1.5 .5 .2 127.0 5.3 134. 5
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9 39
Table 12.—Mileage of projects approved but not under contract on June SO, 1939— Continued
ON SECONDARY OR FEEDER ROADS IN MUNICIPALITIES
State Public Works 1934-35 Works Program, grade crossings Federal aid Total
Secondary or feeder Grade crossings
Delaware . . .. _ _ Miles Miles 0.4 Miles Miles 0. 4
Georgia 1.1 1.0 2.1
Illinois .6 .6
Louisiana . 5.5
Minnesota - .8 .8
Missouri .8
Montana _ .9 .9
Nebraska . 0.5 .6 .2 1.3
New York .8 .8
North Carolina. .7 .6 1. 3
North Dakota . 1 . 1
Ohio . .4 .4
Oklahoma .5 . 5
Tennessee .3 .3
Texas _ .5
Utah .1 . 1
Virginia . . 1 . 1
Washington 1 1.2 . 1 1.3
Wisconsin . 1 . 1
............
Total .5 13.2 12 17.9
ON SECONDARY OR FEEDER ROADS OUTSIDE OF MUNICIPALITIES
Arizona - Miles 0.7 Miles Miles Miles Miles 0. 7
Arkansas 4.1 4.1
California 3.7 3.7
Colorado - _ 1.4 1.4
Delaware - _ - - 4.5 7.4 11.9
Georgia _ - - .2 17.8 18.0
Illinois _ 12.1 12.1
Indiana - 22.5 22.5
Iowa 2.3 2.3
Kansas - .. 15.8 15.8
Kentucky _ _ - - _ 45.5 45.5
Louisiana _ - . _. _. 15.5 1.0 16.5
Maine - - 12.4 12.4
Maryland - - - 7.6 7.6
M assachn setts 3.2 3.2
Michigan _ 29.6 29.6
Minnesota - _ 14.6 14.6
Missouri 42.0 42.0
Montana _ - 16.9 16.9
Nebraska 66.5 66.5
Nevada 9.5 9.5
New Hampshire - .8 .8
New Jersey 7.4 .9 8.3
New York - - - 5.7 5.7
North Carolina _ - 9.6 9.6
North Dakota 8.2 8.2
Ohio -- -- 8.3 .6 8.9
Oklahoma 36.9 1.2 38.1
Oregon -. - 3.3 3.3
Pennsylvania - 7.5 1. 1 8.6
South Carolina . 12.3 12.3
Tennessee _ .3 .3
Texas _ 27.1 27.1
Utah 8.2 8.2
Vermont . 2.6 2.6
Virginia 8.2 8.2
Wa sh i n gton 15.1 15.1
West Virginia .3 .3
Wisconsin 3.7 3.7
Wyoming - 27.9 27.9
Hawaii 1.3 1.3
Total .9 4.5 541.4 8.5 555. 3
40
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 12.—Mileage of projects approved but not under contract on June SO, 1939— Continued
TOTAL
State Public Works, 1934-35 Works Program Federal aid Total
Highways Grade crossings Highways Secondary or feeder Grade crossings
Alabama Arizona Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
0.7 0.1 4.6 10.1 4.1 3.7 1.4 7.8 — 4.7 10.8
California Colorado. Connecticut Delaware Florida — 4.5 .2 6.3 2.8 5.6 25.6 31.3 0.6 7. 3 10.2 4.2 6.2 37.9
. 4 31. 7
Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas .8 154. 8 18.9 1.0 175. 5
. 2 29.3 12.8 2.0 44.3
40. 6 22. 5 .9 64.0
45.5 200. 6 15.8 2.3 5.3 47.8 221. 7
Kentucky 52.6 45.5 .9 99.0
Louisiana Maine 21.6 31.3 21.0 12.4 1.0 .5 43.6 44. 2
Maryland Massachusetts Michigan — 12.9 10.3 23.9 7.6 3.2 29.6 .5 20.5 13.5 54.0
Minnesota 109.7 15.4 .2 125.3
Mississippi Missouri. 41.8 42.8 1.3 41.8
89. 3
Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey — .5 293.3 12.4 1.5 17.8 67.0 9.5 7.4 1.2 .8 .9 17.8 362.0 9.5 13.2 9. 8
New York 22.0 5.7 1. 7 29. 4
North Carolina 59.3 10.4 .6 70.3
North Dakota Ohio 14.1 .5 320.6 8.2 .1 343.5
13. 4 8.3 1.4 23.1
Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania — 93.3 3.3 37.3 3.3 7.5 1.8 1.1 132.4 3.3 11. 9
South Carolina 23.7 12.3 .2 36.2
South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah .7 131.3 132.0
— 49.7 10.8 27.1 8.2 .7 2.1 . 1 9.0 78.9 19.1
Vermont Virginia Washington .3 — .6 39.1 10.3 2.6 8.2 16. 3 .8 . 1 3.2 48.4 26. 7
West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Hawaii District of Columbia Puerto Rico — .1 — 30.1 22.2 37.9 14.4 2.0 .5 3.8 27.9 1.3 .3 .1 30.4 26.0 65.8 15.8 2.1 .5
Total 16.8 5.1 .8 2,109. 6 | 554.6 30.9 2, 717. 8
Table 13.—Status of grade-crossing elimination and protection projects on June 30, 1939
COMPLETED DURING FISCAL YEAR
00 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________—----------------"-----
00 -------------------
Y Crossings eliminated I SePreTOnsntructedUreS Crossings protected
oo _____________________________________________
O ________—-----------.----------------------------—------------— -----------—----------
Works Program Federal aid Works Program Federal aid
“ State V w_______________________________Works Federal- Public------------------------------------
Total Program aid Total Works a Total
1934-35 High- Grade High- Grade crossings crofigs 1934“35’ High’ Grade High’ ^ryor'
ways crossings ways crossings g g ways crossings ways feeder crossmSs
Humber Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number
Alabama__________________________ 4 ----------- 7 11 --------------------------------------------------------
Arkansas_________________________ 5 ----------- 14 19 ---------------■------------------ 2 --------------------------
California------------------------------ 1 5 6 ------- 3 3 15 -----------------------------------
Colorado_________________________ 3 ----------- 2 5 --------------------------------------------------------- ° 0
Connecticut______________________ 4 ------------------ 4 --------------------------------------------------------------------- --
Delaware_________________________ 2 ------------------ 2 ----------------------------------------------■--------------- '
Florida__________________________ 1 ----------- 1 2 ---- -------------- --------------- 45 ------------------------- 4o
Georgia____________ 1 ----------- 18 ---------- 1 20 11 ------ 11 ----------------- 14 ------------------ —
Idaho---------------------------- 1 ----------- 5 6 ----------------------------------— 1 ------------- ---
Illinois___________ 1 ----------- 11 2 4 18 ------------------------------------------- 1 1 22 24
Indiana__________________________ 1 ----------- 4 5 ------- 4 4 ------------- 32 ------------------ 21 53
Iowa___________________________________________ 13 13 ------ 2 2 ----------------------------------- 20 20
Kansas--------------------------- 5 ----------- 6 11 1 ------- 1 --------------------------------------- *
Kentucky_________________________ 3 1 1 5 3 ------- 3 5 ---------------------------- 31 36
Louisiana________________________ 4 ----------- 15 1 ------- 1 -------------------- 1 ------------------ |
Maine____________________________ 1 ----------- 2 3 --------------------------------------------------------- 1
Maryland------------------------- 4 ------------------ 4 ---------------------------------------- 14 —------------------------ 14
Massachusetts_____________ 1 2 3 ------ 6 ------------ 2 2 -------------------------------------rr-------"Nr
Michigan_____________:___________ 1 ----------- 8 9 112 ---------------------------------------------■— 45 45
Minnesota__________:------------- 2 ------------- 2 ------------ 1 1 -------------------- 1 ------------ d
Mississippi______________________ 5 ----------- 4 9 1 ------- 1 1 ------ 3 ------------------------- »
Missouri_________________________ 5 ___•------- 4 9 ------- 1 1 --------------------------------------------------
Montana_________________________■- 1 ------ 4 5 2 ------- 2 ------------------------------------------------------
Nebraska------------------------— 3 ------ 8 11 ----------—---------------------------------------------------;-------z
Nevada_____________________________‘---- 112 ----------------------... 3 3 ------------- 2 ------------------ 6 8
New Hampshire________________________________________________________ 1 1 ------------- 1 ------------------ , ?
New Jersey_______________________ 3 1 2 6 3 1 4 ----------------------------—------ 1
New Mexico_____________________________________ 7 7 ------- 1 1 ------------- 1 -------------------------- i
New York_________________________ 7 ___________ 5 12 2 4 6 ----------------------------------- 3 3
North Carolina___________________ 4 ----------- 3 7 1 4 5 _---------------------------------- 8 8
North Dakota___________________________________ 11112 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ohio_____________________________ 23 _________________ 23 --------------------------------------- 1 -------------------------- 1
Oklahoma___------------------2 ---------------, 2 --------------- ------—-------- ------------------------ 5 5
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1939 41
42
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 13.—Status of grade-crossing elimination and protection projects on June 30, 1939—Continued
COMPLETED DURING FISCAL YEAR—Continued
Crossings eliminated SePrecon°tructedUreS Crossings protected
Works Program Federal aid Works Program Federal aid
bt “ Public-----------------------Works Federal- PllbIic_____________________________
Works, Total Total Works, g . Total
1934-35 High- Grade High- Grade crosses ®?de 1934-35 High. Grade Hjgh_ Second- Grade
ways crossings ways crossmgs ways erossings ways ary^or crossings
Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Oregon___________________________________ 3 3 ______ 2 2 __________________________.._______________
Pennsylvania_________________ 15 1 2 18 5 _____ 5 _______________________________________________
South Carolina_______________ 4 _________ 11 15 4 1 5 ____________ 5 _______________ 4 9
South Dakota_________________ 5 ________-.. 4 9 _______________________________ 5 _______________ 9 14
Tennessee____________________ 3 ________________ 3 112 ______________________ 1 .. ... 6 7
Texas________________________ 1 1 17 19 _____ 3 3 _____ 1 2 _________________ 3
Utah_____________________________________ 2 2 ________________________________________________ 4 4
Vermont__________________________________ 6 6 _____ 2 2 ______________________________ 8 8
Virginia_____________________ 4 _________ 17 21 ____.... 3 3 ___________ 1 ________________ 7 8
Washington___________________ 2 2 9 13 _____ 4 4 ______________________________ 3 3
West Virginia________________ 10 ________ 1 11 _____________________________ 1 ________________ 5 6
Wisconsin____________________ 1 2 3 6 1 _____ 1 _______________ 23 _____________________ 23
Wyoming______________________ 1 _______________ 1 __________ 2 2 ______________________________ 4 4
Hawaii_______________________ 2 _________ 1 3 ___________________________________________________________
District of Columbia________________________________________ 1 1 ___________________________________f ff'..'
Puerto Rico______________________________ 2 2 ________________________________________________________
Total________ 2 1 173 15 191 382 38 48 86 21 1 154 3 1 258 438
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9 43
UNDER CONTRACT
Crossings eliminated S®P reconstructed’1^8 Crossings protected
Works Program Federal aid Works pe(jeraj Works Federal aid
btate Public--------------------------------Pro' aid Public 3™:---------------
5SS Hlrtl Qr.de T»“> S &" Hlgh. Qr.de
1“’35 X X as Eg- Tg- tog- ™-_________
Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number
Alabama______________________________ 2 ----------------- 15 17 ----- 1 1 ------------------- 1 1
Arizona-------------------------------------------------- 5 * ------------------------y _ 2 -----y 2
Arkansas---------------- -------------------------------- ------------------------------------QO — Q
California___________________________ 2 1 ------ 11 14 ------------------ 39 8 ---------- 47
Colorado--------------- -------------------------------- 4 4 -------------------------- 4 ---------- 25 29
Fioridaare--------------------------—i ::::::::: 2 3 ::::::::: : ::::: ::::: ::: :::: :: i2 :::: :::: 1 13
oSt:::::::::::::::::::::::::::-— 13------------ 7 20 4------- 4 .... 23 .........__9_____32
nitaois"'--------------- ----- 4 7' ZYYIZ" 18 29 3 3 2 67 69
Illinois--------------------- 3 3 11. __ 2 78 80
Indiana------------------------------ ------------------- 3 ______ ________________________________ 89
Iowa-------------------- ------------ ------------------- ------------------------------------ ----- s s
Kansas- ---------------- ----- ------------ ------------ 1 -----------. ----. -------------------
Kentucky---------------- ------------------ ------------ 10 10 ----- 4 4 --------------------------------
Louisiana_______________------------- ° 1 ------ u --------—————————————————
Maine___________________ ____________ __________________ 4 4 ------ 3 3 -----------------------— -----—
Maryland---------------- 1 ---------- 8 ---------------- ' ■O --------------------------------- 1 ----------
Massachusetts------------------------ ------------------- ’ ’ ------ ; “ ------------------- ----------
Michigan---------------------- ------ 1 ---------------- 0 7 ----- 2 2 ------------------ 20 20
Minnesota---------------------------- ? 1 1 q26 7 -----------1 ----- 4
Mississippi-------------------------- 1 ------------ 8 • -----------.------------- . ------------
Missouri______________________ 1 ----------------------- ' 8 ------ 1 1 ---------------------.----------
Montana------------------------------------------------- J,o io ------------------------------- ----- ------------- -----
Nebraska----------------------------- 1 ---------------- 24 2f ------------------.------.------ 3 ---------- 33 33
Nevada_______________________________ 1 --------- ’ 2 ------ 1 1 ------------------ 1 “
New Hampshire------------------------------------------- ' ' -----------„------o------------------- . ,
New Jersey_________________________________ 2 ---------- ’ 3 ------ 2 “ ------------------ , t
hS Yoerke°-------------------- Z--' ------ ----- ----- 4 4 ------ '■■'"10 10 ------ ----- - - -------------
North clrdYnUv::::::::::::::"-- -____ 8----------------- 1 ? ?------ 115--------- 43 158
North Dakota------------------------- * ---------- 11 | 1 I 1 L A " Y 2 2
okiah^:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ------ 1----------- 2 3 }------ 1----------- i----------- 50 51
Oregon--- ----3 UUY: 3 6 ___________Y 3 """"Z ZY ZY UIU 2 2
Pennsylvania
44
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 13.—Status of grade-crossing elimination and protection projects on June 30, 1939—Continued
UNDER CONTRACT—Continued
Crossings eliminated ^Precontracted”68 Crossings protected
state Works Program Federal aid Works poc]era] Works Federal aid
Public------------------------------- Jl'®’ aid Public ------------
1934A5 High- Grade High Second' Grade r°U1 £rade cross- T°ta' 1934-^5 ^rade High- Grade r°ta*
1934 35 Huth cross. High- cross- cross. cross 1934 35 High cross.
way mgs ways feeder mgs mgs gs mgs dyb ings
Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Rhode Island___________ ________________________________ 1 1 ______ 3 3 ____________ ___________________
South Carolina_________ 1 __________ 2 _________________ 8 11 2 2 4 ___________________ 35 35
South Dakota___________________________ 11 3 14 2 2 10 17 27
Tennessee____________________________ 2 ___________ 2 4 2 2 3 5 8
Texas_________________________________ 1 . 1_________ 24 25 3 3 2 6 8
Utah____________________________________________________ 2 2 ______________________________________ 127 127
Vermont___________ _ _ __ ... ___ ______ _ ... __________ _____ _______________________________ ______ 7 7
Virginia______________________ 1 1 ____________ 8 10 _____ 2 2 1 ____________ 17 18
Washington______________________________________.______ 3 3 ______________________________________ 12 12
West Virginia_______________________ 2 2 _____ 7 11 _____________________________________ 1 1
Wisconsin__________________________________ 7 __________ 15 22 1 2 3 ______ 3 __________ 4 7
Wyoming________________________________________________ 1 1 ______ 1 1 ___________________ 7 7
Hawaii.._______________________________________________ 4 4 ______ 1 1 _________t_____________________
Puerto Rico____________________________________________ 9 9 __________________________________________________
Total_______________ 2 2 93 28 1 327 453 11 | 64 75 40 191 4 712 947
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 193 9 45
APPROVED BUT NOT UNDER CONTRACT
Crossings eliminated Separation structures reconstructed
State Works Federal aid Works
Pgradem Grade Total ^Ide™ Total
crossings Highways crossings cross in.s
L/l Uoolllgo
Number Number Number Number Number Number Number
Alabama_________________________________________________________________________ 1 1 1 _______ 1
California....________________________________•________________ 5 _________________ 5 _______________________________
Connecticut____________________________________________________________________________________,__________ 1 1
Delaware_______________________________________________________________ 2 _____________.. 2 _________________________
Florida______________________________________'__________________________________ 1 1 ________...______________
Georgia_________________________________________________________________________ 1 1 ________ 2 2
Illinois_______________________________________________________________ 12 3 _________________________
Indiana_______________________________I_________________________________________ 2 2 ________ 1 1
Iowa____________________________________________________________________________ 5 5 ________________ :_______
Kansas__________________________________________________________________________ 5 5 ________________ ______.....
Kentucky________________________________________________________________________ 1111 2
Louisiana_______________________________________________________________________ 2 2 ________________ ________
Maine___________________________________________________________________________ 1 1 _________________________
Maryland________________________________________________________________________ 1 1 _________________________
Massachusetts__________________________________________________________ 1 _______________ 1 _______________________________
Michigan_______________________________________________________________ 1 _____________ .. 1 _________________________
Minnesota_______________________________________________________________________ 3 3 ________________
Missouri___________________'___________________________________ ________________ 2 2 ________ 2 2
Nebraska.______________________________________________________________ ________ 4 4 _______________________...
New Hampshire_______________.'__________________________________________________ 2 2 __________
New Jersey______________________________________________________________________ 1 1 ________ 1 1
New York_______________________________________________________________ ________ 6 6 ________ 1 1
North Carolina_________________________________________________ ________________ 4 4 ________________ ________
North Dakota______________________________________________ _____________________ 2 2 ________________
Ohio____________________________________________________________________________ 5 5 ________ 1 1
Oklahoma__________________________________________________............................... 3 3
Pennsylvania____________________________________________________________________ 3 3 _________________________
South Carolina_______________________________________________ ____________________________________________ 1 1
Tennessee_____________________________________________I.IIIIIIIII.I_____________ 1 1 ________ 1 1
Texas___________________________________________________ _ I ... _______________ 3 3
Utah__________________________________________ ___ ” " __ '__ j 1
Virginia---------------------------------I____II_IIIIIIIIHI IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIII.I 1 1 .II_____ i i
Washington.._____________.________________________________________________________________________________ 2 2
West Virginia___________________________________________........._____________I. " 1 1
District of Columbia_______________________________________I__I_________________ 1 1 ________________I _______
Total------------------------------------------------------ 5 ~ 5 65 75 2 15 17
_____________________________________________ O Sand-clay Gravel Macadam__________Grade separations
__________________________________________ LOW- llifnmi ------------------ Graded_________________________________cost nmU Bitumi- Portland- Bridges
State and bitumi- nous cement Block and ap- Railroad Bpf.wpen Total
“ trSrf Treated trS;a Treated Treated S
ways J
Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
Alabama_______________ 1.1 163.2 7.7 106.9 -------------- ------------- 0.1 ------- 2.6 0.3 ---- 281.9
Arizona____________________________ H-0 72.6 ---------- 79.7 ------------ 3.5 ------- 1.1 ------------- 167.9
Arkansas________ 27.6 ------ 1.9 17.6 -...------------ 76.9 ---------- 29.9 -------- .3 . 5 --- 54.7 W
California______ 18.4 ------ 1.0 11.5 37.4 -------—- 141.8 14.7 89.4 58.8 ---- 3.3 .6 ---- 376.9
Colorado - 211.2 _________________________—-3 .4 ----- 1.1 .4 ---- 213.4 >3
Connecticut - -3 _____ 2.6 _______ 2.5 _______ 9.0 _____________ .2 -------- 14.6 S
Delaware--------------------- 5.3 ..___________________________ 1.7 16.3 ---- .1 .2 ---- 23.6 »
Florida -----------39.V_________________ 6.2_________ 6.9 1.3____________ 28.6.....—. 1.0----------- 83.9 g
Georgia 2.6 51.7 68.4 60.4 129.4 ____ 80.9 ------------ 16.3 60.1 ---- 2.3 .7 ---- 472.8 ci
Idaho ---------- 7 8 —- - 78.2 ________________ 168.3 _____ .1 4.9 ____ .2 .1 ---- 259.6 Q
Illinois--- 142.9 " *5.0 __ 38.2 3.8 172.7 9.2 40.1 ---- 5.3 113.8 1.5 4.2 .5 ---- 537.2
Indiana' 30.7 __________ 37.7 ___________________ 39.7 ______ 37.0 102.9 ---- .7 . 3 --- 249.0
Iowa ----------- 51.2 ____________ .6 14.7 ____________________________ 226.2 ----- .9 .3 ---- 293.9
Kansas _________ 20.2 ______ 11.2 95.6 539.1 __________ 101.0 ----------- 34.8 ....—. 2.7 1.5 ---- 806.1 q
Kentucky.:::::__ 2.3______________ 128.4------------------- 91.8------- 15.3 96.9----- 1.1 .4----- 336.2 §
Louisiana_______ 6.3 ------------- 19.8 ----------------------------------- 40.6 -------- .4 .1 --... 67.2 y
IVfaine -_____________ *8 43.1 ____ 25.1 .8 12.2 12.0 5.6 ---- . 1 —------------ 99.7
Maryland ' ' 1.8 __________ 3.1 ________ .3 ______________ 6.3 . 5 26.1 ---------- .1 -------- 38.2 O
EXsetts::-..:-..-.- 1.9 __________ 1.2 -------------------- 6 4.6 9.1 1.9 --------- .6 --------- 19.9
Michigan________ 17.5 ____________ 14.0 ___________________ 17.3 ------ 17.2 148.8 ---- .8 .1 ----- 215.7 q
Minnesota_______ 37.4 9.6 ---- 13.7 25.5 8.1 ----- 219.6 ----------- 46.2 ------ .4 . 2 ---- 360.7 s.
Mississippi_____ 54.4 ____________ .3 4.5 ----------------------------- 232.4 ----- .8 . 8 ---- -93.2 y
Missouri _______ 31.3 ____________ 92.0 31.5 __________ 11.4 ------ 5.7 66.7 ---- 1.7 .4 0.2 240.9 cn
Montana_________ 21.7 ____________ 48.1 8.4 ----------- 43.7 ------------------------ .8 .1 ----- 122.8
Nebraska________ 66.8 117.4 130.1 ____ 8.0 ------------- 155.8 ----------- 56.5 ------ 2.0 .1 ----- 536.7
Nevada__________ . 8 _____________ 101.4 ------------------ 169.8 ----------------------- .1 .1 ----- 272.2
New Hampshire________________________________________ 22.9 5.0 ----- 4.5 5.2 ---- .3 -------------- 37.9
NewJersey.______________________________ .8 --------------------------- 1.6 22.1 .3 1 .1 ----- 25.0
New Mexico______ 24.4 ____________ 163.0 15.8 ---------- 162.7 ----------- . 2 ------- 1.9 ------------- 368.0
New York . 51.1 __________ 6.2 138.2 ____ 5.4 16.2 17.3 23.1 188.3 ---- 1.3 .6 ----- 447.7
North Carolina__ 80.6 1.0 73.3 17.8 102.0 __________ 56.5 ------ 4.0 95.8 ---- 4.8 .2 ----- 436.0
North Dakota____ 18.4 26.8 ____ 20.2 41.1 ---------- 266.2 ----------- .4 -------- .3 -------------- 373.4
Ohio .5 _________ 11.7 ______ 2.4 .1 ___________ 21.0 56.8 31.1 .7 .6 ----- 124.9
Oklahoma _______ 35.2 ____________ 178.5 2.3 ___________ 13.1 6.3 13.0 69.9 ---- 3.6 .1 ----- 322.0
Oregon__________ 5.4 _____________ 23.1 130.8 ___ 7.1 23.2 6.2 6.3 20.6 ____ .9 . 2 ---- 223.8
Pennsylvania -__ ___________ 63.9 ...__________ 28.0 ______ 61.5 60.0 86.8 1.9 . 8 . 9 ---- 303.8
r ____:.T„________,____________-...___________T.„ 4.2 5.5 7.9 7.51------.---------------- 25.1
Table 14.—Mileage, by types of construction, of projects completed during the fiscal year 1939
.hode Island.
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1939 47
South Carolina__ 11.7 27.2 215.9 ____ 69.6 _____________ 2.5 _______ 25.3 24.8 _____ 1.5 . 3 ---- 378.8
South Dakota_____ 93.9 ____________ 27.7 62.3 ___________ 177.0 ________________________ .3 .2 ----- 361.4
Tennessee________ 4.4 _____________ 80.2 _______________________________ 61.4 89.6 ____ 1.3 .4 ----- 237.3
Texas. __________ 322.1 ___________ 321.4 684.8 __________ 17.1 ______ 126.8 209.8 15.5 12.3 .1 .1 1,710.0
Utah_____________ .2 ______________ 61.1 8.9 ___________ 125.0 _____ 4.2 .6 _____ .1 ______________ 200.1
Vermont____________________________ .6 16.6 ___________ 28.9 ____________ 4.3 ________ .1 .1 ----- 50.6
Virginia_________ 5.7 5.6 72.3 8.9 58.2 .1 86.7 __________ 44.5 96.2 _____ 1.7 .5 ----- 380.4
Washington_______ 7.4 _____________ 137.0 __________________ 14.0 ______ 2.6 21.6 _____ 1.4 .3 ----- 184.3
West Virginia____ 8.8 _____________ 5.6 4.9 _____ 22.1 19.6 ____ 29.8 16.0 _____ .1 .2 ----- 107.1
Wisconsin________ 68.6 ____________ 55.9 ___________________ 6.6 _______ .3 89.3 _____ .7 .3 ----- 221.7
Wyoming_________ 70.4 _____________ 29.1 ___________________ 270.7 ________________________ .8 .1 ----- 371.1
Hawaii________________________________________________ 23.0 ______ 1.1 ____________________ .4 -------------- 24.5
District of Columbia______________________,___________________________________ .2 ----------------------- .2
Puerto Rico___________________________________________ 28.0 _______________________________ .1 .2 ----- 28.3
Total..... 1,392.3 245.4 737.3 2,209.7 2,367.7 183.6 348.0 2,568.1 138.2 646.2 2,517.0 50.3 64.2 14.0 .3 13,482.3
48
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 15.—Mileage, by types of construction, of projects under contract on June 30, 1939
Sand-clay Gravel Macadam I Grade separations
Graded cost Bn<^1’ land' Bridges R n
State and bitumi- | nolE ^ous cement Block and ap- ^ail- Be- Total
draiDCd treated Treated treated Treated treated Treated mH am ’ crete crete pr°aCh<* and S"
ways ways
Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
Alabama__________ 0.1 13.2 147.8 14.1 162.9 ____ 18.5 ______________ 0.2 2.4 _____ 3.9 1.4 _____ 364.5
Arizona---------- 4.7 -------------- 9.8 _____________________ 76.1 _____________ 1.7 ________ .5 _ _ 92 8
Arkansas_________ 9.7 ________ 13.4 51.7 5.5 ___________ 203.7 ____________ 15.0 _______ .8 .1 ___I . 299.9
California-,----- .4 ---------------------- 27.3 ------------- 64.5 8.5 . 5 12.6 _____ 1.1 1.0 „ _ _ 115.9
Colorado---------------------------- 125.6 -------------------------------------- .3 _________ .6 .1______ 126.6
Connecticut____________________________________________ 11.6 _______ 2.9 ________ 4.1 ___________________________ 18.6
Delaware____________________________ 18.1 _______________________________________ 12.7 ____.... .2 " ' 31 0
Florida---------- 25.0 -------------------- 9.7 _______ .5 32.5 ___________ 11.4 _______ 1.0 ”” .2 80 3
Georgia__________ 31.1 31.2 96.1 55.2 113.4 6.5 33.3 12.8 ____ 35.8 43.2 __ 2.1 7 4614
Idaho____________ .2 _______________ 38.3 ____________________ 28.4 _____________ 3.4 ________ .6 ______ _ 70’9
Illinois-----,--- 91.8 ------------- 52.8 ------- 61.1 _______ 4.5 ______________ 127.6 ______ 2.3 1.5 341 6
Indiana__________ 36.0 _____________ 26.0 5.4 _____- 8.1 44.2 _____ 3.5 98.9 __ .7 222's
Iowa------------- 53.4 ------------- 45.0 17.8 ----------- 8.8 ______________ 109.2 ______ .9 1.6 _____ 236.1
Kansas----------- 51.5 ------- 30.5 50.1 32.9 ___________ 19.5 _____________ 12.8 _______ 1.0 .2 198 5
Kentucky--------- 8.6 -------------- 104.4 ------------------- 25.3 ______ 18.3 38.1 _____ 1.6 .4 21 196 7
Louisiana_____.•_ 64.8 _____________ 59.5 _______________________________ .. . 24.2 __ 2 1 6 151 2
Maine_______________________________ 1.1 .3 ----- 27.8 2.0 10.6 .8 6.3 . . .3 1 49'3
Maryland--------- 2.4 -------------- 14.4 ------- 2.1 1.5 2.7 4.1 _____ 55.9 _____ .3 2 6 1 83’7
Massachusetts------------------------------------------------- 4.6 14.9 13.3 2.8 _____ .3 .1 . 36 0
Michigan--------- 85.4 ------------- 43.0 16.0 ___________ 9.1 ________ 1.4 89.1 _ .5 1 244 6
Minnesota-------- 153.3 4.8 ----- 65.2 49.4 ___________ 129.4 _____ 2.0 33.6 0.1 .6 7 439 1
Mississippi.----- 135.4 ------------ 22.1 20.1 ___________ 13.2 ___ .2 204.3 _ 2.5 3 " 39s' 1
Missouri--------- 48.0 ------------- 143.7 39.6 ____ 36.0 _______ 1.7 1.8 72.0 __ 1.3 .9 345 0
Montana---------- 53.5 ------------- 89.1 34.4 ___________ 80.3 _____ . .3 1 3 2 259 1
Nebraska--------- 133.7 141.6 194.3 8.4 ------------------ 121.9 ___________ 18.9 - 1.7 '5 6210
Nevada------------------------------ 14.7 _________________47.3 ___________ _ _ 1 1 62 2
New Hampshire-.-----------------------------•__________ 10.2 13.5 1.2 1.9 8.3 1 ' 35 2
New Jersey------- 2.5 -------------- 4.1 3.3 _________________________ 3.5 31.6 - .1 1 " 45’2
New Mexico------- 21.9 _____________ 66.4 49.2 ___________ 7.2 __ _ _ 66 _ 151’3
New York--------- 35.8 ------------- 27.7 100.8 ____ .1 ________ 4.9 6.6 152.7 .1 1.2 3 329’6
North Carolina--- 36.1 2.8 205.6 5.8 152.9 ____ 5.1 53.2 _____ .3 60.9 _ _ 11 3 ’ 594’ 1
North Dakota_____ 19.0 8.4 _____ 7.3 11.9 _______ - 4.0 13 1'1 '52’1
Ohio------------- 2.5 -------- 5.0 23.2 ----------- 29.1 -------------- 6.8 79.6 20.1 '.7 '.3 .T 167’4
Oklahoma--------- 6.4 -------------- 5.6 ---------------------------------------- 20.0______ 1.1 .6 33’7
Oregon----------- 5.8 -------------- 35.3 99.9 ____ 35.2 _______ 11.0 8.6 3.8 __ 1.3 .6 201’5
Pennsylvania------------------------ 36.4 ------------- 43.9 ------- 44.1 13.1 97.6 .1 .7 . 3 236 2
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTAIENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9 49
Rhode Island_________________________ _ _ 83 2 85 1 17 1
South Carolina--- 21.0 21.5 99.6 _____ZZ””” ’ 14'0 17 1’7 6 ienn
South Dakota----- 218.7 ------------- 5.7 69.0 ___________ 132.2 . ’ io’8 7 ’1 4379
Tennessee-------- 20.9 -------------- 50.1 14.8 ________________________' ‘.T 58.3 ZZZZZZZZZ L6 A 146 1
Texas------------ 257.2 ------ 8.8 140.2 282.4 ---- 14.9 19.2 _____ 55.1 103.7 ____ 7.9 1.6 Vi 891’2
Utah.. ---------- 1.3 --------------- 48.2 -------------------- 65.2 ______ 2.5 17.1 _____ .1 1344
Vermont------------------------------------ 6.1 _______________ 20.6 .1 __________ . . .1 269
T---------- H ---------- 29 4 3 9 29 4 ----- 26.4 -------------- 15'° 26.7 _____ 1.1 ------. 3 " 138 5
Washington.------ 7.2 --------------- 45.7 11.1 ________________________ . 12 0 17 777
West Virginia---- 4.0 --------------- 12.4 ------------- 18.5 17.0 _____ 7.6 8.0 ZZZZZZZZZ A .’9 68 5
Wisconsin-------- 58.7 -------------- 109 3 ________________________________ .. 177 4 1 7 8 347 9
Wyoming---------- 72.3 -------------- 20.4 17.8 ___________ 61.7 7 ’i 173 0
Hawaii----------- 1.3 ---------------------------------- 19.2 .7 ’ 2 ----- 21 4
Puerto Rico--------------------------------------------- 47.8...”.._________ZZZZZZZZZ VV.VVV.V. VVVVVVV ’.6 A'VVV'V 49.0
Total-------- 1,787.9 223.5 830.5 1,700.0 1,383.3 69.7 387.7 1,324.6 113.0 212.7 1,880.8 20.4 59J5 18A ZT *10,012.1
le Islai
50
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 16.—Mileage, by types of construction, of projects approved but not under contract on June 30, 1939
Sand-clay Gravel Macadam Grade
-------------------------------. -----------_ Low- ■Ritnrni Port separa-Graded-cost Bitumi- , ° J Bridges tions,
State and bitumi- “J— nous Block and ap- railroad Total
“ trSid « .rSid Tre.t.d trX ' “"ere,S' Pr“’1M Sit
ways
Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Alabama______________________________ 4.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.1 4. 7
Arizona___________________________________________ 10.1 -------------- 0.7 ----------------------------------------- 10.8
Arkansas________________ 0. 6 ______________ 5. 7 ---------------------------------------- 0.9 -------- 0.1 -------- 7. 3
California____________________________________________________________ 4.6 3.6 1.4 .6 ------------------- 10.2
Colorado_______1____________________________ 4.2 ___________________________________________________________________ 4.2
Connecticut____________________________________________________ 0.2 -------- 2.3 -------- 3. 7 --------------------- 6. 2
Delaware____________________________________ 12.0 _______________________________________ 25.7 -------- . 1 .1 37.9
Florida_________________ 5.5 __________________________________ .4 5.3 ___________ 20.4 _______ .1 __________ 31.7
Georgia_________________ .9 7.0 51.9 11.8 27.0 _____ 66.8 ______________ 2.0 7.7 _____ .3 .1 175.5
Illinois________________ 13.4 ______________ 8.3 ________ 4.1 _____________________ .2 18.0 ____ .2 .1 44.3
Indiana_________________ 9.7 _______________ .1 6.6 _____ 2.9 12.9 ___________ 31.6 ________ .1 .1 64.0
Iowa________________________________________ 8.7 31.1 _______________________________ 8.0 ______________________ 47.8
Kansas__________________ 43.1 _______ 30.2 110.0 12.6 _______________________________ 24.1 _______ 1.5 .2 221.7
Kentucky____________________________________ 48.1 ____________________ 1.4 ________ 43.7 5.2 _____ .4 .2 99.0
Louisiana_______________ 6.7 _______________ 22.0 _______________________________________ 14.6 _______ .3 __________ 43.6
Maine__________________________________________________________ 12.9 15.7 2.1 12.2 1.0 ______ .3 _________ 44.2
Maryland________________ 9.5 _______________ 6.2 ______________ 3.3 1.4 ________________________ .1 __________ 20.5
Massachusetts_________________________________________________________ 5.2 2.7 5.6 ------------------------- 13.5
Michigan________________ 3.2 _______________ 6.4 20.1 ____________ 13.2 _____________ 11.0 ______________ .1 54.0
Minnesota_______________ 11.4 ______________ 4.1 27.6 ____________ 75.9 _____________ 6.1 _______________ .2 125.3
Mississippi_____________ 18.9 _______ 13.4 ---------------------------------------------- 9.1 -------- .4 __________ 41.8
Missouri________________ 11.4 ______________ 45.8 _______________________________________ 31.4 ------- .4 .3 89.3
Montana_________________ 12.5 ______________ 5.3 ___________________________________________________________________ 17.8
Nebraska________________ 99.9 58.7 114.0 3.0 3.7 ____________ 57.9 _____________ 23.7 ________ .7 .4 362.0
Nevada_________________-______________________________________________ 9.5 ________________________________________1 9.5
New Hampshire__________________________________________________ 6.0 7.1 _______________________________ .1 13.2
New Jersey__________________________________ 4.7 __________________________________ 2.4 2.6 _____ .1 __________ 9.8
New York____________________________________ .1 _______________ 4.7 ________ .5 1.7 22.0 ____ .2 . 2 29.4
North Carolina__________ 4.2 ________ 3.9 ________ 25.0 ______________ 10.0 _____________ 27.0 _______ .2 __________ 70.3
North Dakota____________ 44.9 8.2 ___________ 127.7 _____________ 162.3 ____________ .1 _________ .3 __________ 343.5
Ohio_____________________________________________________ .4 5.2 ____________ .4 14.3 2.7 _____ .1 23.1
Oklahoma________________ 5.4 _______________ 65.3 1.4 _________________________ 32.5 26.2 ____ 1.6 ________ 132.4
Oregon_________________________________________________________ 3. 3 _______________________________________________ 3. 3
Pennsylvania___________________________________________________ 7.5 ________ ,6 _________ 3.5 _______________ .3 11.9
South Carolina__________ 23.6 6.6 5.8 ____________________________________________ .2 _______________________ 36.2
South Dakota____________ 26.9 ____________________ 53.2 ______________ 26.8 _____________ 24.9 _______ .2 _________ 132.0
Tennessee___________________________________ 3.2 __________________________________ .3 5.4 _____ .1 ---------- 9.0
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 39 51
Texas__________________ 11.3 ------------- 7.6 62.9 __________ 5.3 ________ .6 .7 ____ .3 . 2 78.9
Utah------------------- 1.3 ______________ .1 _____________________ 17.7 ____________________________ ___ . 19.1
Vermont___________________________________ 1.0 ____________________ 1.6 __________ ... .6 _ _ 3 2
Virginia--------------- .1 --------- 5.3 ____________________ 7.9 ______________ 12.1 22.8 ____ .2 _______ 48.4
Washington-------------------------------- 3.0 1.0 ___________ 15.1 ____.... 5.5 1.3 _____ .7 .1 26.7
West Virginia..-------- 3.2 ____________________ .4 5.4 _________________ 2.5 18.9 ____________ 30.4
Wisconsin______________ 11.3 10.8 ____ 1.8 _______________________________________ 2.0 __ . 1 26.0
Wyoming___________________________________ 10.4 45.0 __________ 10.2 __________________________ .2 _______ 65.8
Hawaii----2------------ 4.9 ______________________________.... 9.9 ___________ .8 _______________ .2 _________ 15.8
District of Columbia____________________________________________________________ 1.1 .9 ___________ .1 2.1
Puerto Rico__________________________________________________ .5 ________________________________________'____.5
Total______________ 383.8 91.3 229.1 398.9 445.4 9.9 131.5 459.8 11.8 125.0 416.2 2.7 9.4 3.0 2,717.8
52 BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS THROUGH PUBLIC LANDS AND FEDERAL
RESERVATIONS
Special authorizations and appropriations have been made by Congress for the survey, construction, reconstruction, and maintenance of main roads through unappropriated or unreserved public lands, non-taxable Indian lands, and Federal reservations other than the forest reservations, where such land is more than 5 percent of the total area of the State. There are 14 of these Federal-land States, all of them west of the Mississippi River. The percentage of such lands in the several States varies considerably and reaches a maximum of approximately 73 percent in Nevada.
The construction of highways across these relatively large areas that do not contribute to State revenues imposes a serious burden on State highway funds.
The Federal-land highways differ from the forest highways and the Federal-aid highways in that there is no Federal-land highway system. Federal-land funds may be expended on roads which are on the Federal-aid system or on main roads not on the Federal-aid system. Contributions from the States are not required to be used in conjunction with Federal-land funds, but cooperative funds from the States may be used. Federal-land funds are sometimes expended under the supervision of State highway departments, following Federal-aid procedure, and sometimes under the detailed supervision of this organization.
Authorizations for the construction of roads in public lands have been made by eight congressional acts, passed up to the end of the fiscal year 1939. Authorizations have been made available for each fiscal year from 1931 through 1941, with the exception of 1932 and 1937, and total $23,000,000. The authorization for 1939 was $2,-500,000; for 1940, $1,000,000; and for 1941, $2,000,000;
Federal-land projects, in large part, involve the grading and draining of new roads and the reconstruction of old roads to greater widths and to higher standards of grade and alinement. Most of these roads are subsequently improved by the addition of gravel and bituminous surfacing. In the effort to spread the relatively small funds over a considerable mileage of road, very little mileage of the higher types of surface, such as bituminous concrete and portland-cement concrete, has been constructed.
During the fiscal year 244 miles of road were brought to completion, and at the end of the year 200 miles were under construction or had been contracted for. The total improved mileage at present is 1,623 miles. Tables 17 to 20.show details concerning work completed during the year and the status at the end of the year.
Table 17.—Public-lands funds allotted to projects completed during the fiscal year 1939
State Publiclands funds Estimated total cost Miles State Publiclands funds Estimated total cost Miles
Arizona $315,826 $335,830 54.5 Oklahoma $52,097 $59,473 0.1
California 5, 395 5,395 7.7 Oregon _ 60,179 64. 432 8.5
Colorado <)L 780 94, 780 6.8 Utah 23, 905 24, 538 9.4
Idaho 63' 019 63,019 3.2 Washington - 38,349 38,985 2.5
Montana 151' 769 164.891 14.0 Wyoming 141, 526 145, 796 23.1
Nevada 50L 569 532, 232 100. 8 —
New Mexico 104, 918 104, 919 13.0 Total 1, 559, 332 1, 634, 290 243.6
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9 53
Table 18.—Public-lands funds allotted to projects under contract and under construction, June 30, 1939
State Publiclands funds Estimated total cost Miles
Arizona $344,217 $344,217 29.6
California . ... ... 173,092 173,092 20.2
Colorado. 30,170 30,170 3.7
Montana __ 138,901 141,211 8.4
Nevada 208,416 215,416 56.8
North Dakota. 104,074 104, 074 5.2
Oregon 153,282 153,282 23.1
State Publiclands funds Estimated total cost Miles
South Dakota $67, 580 $67. 580 6.5
Utah 281,910 281,910 12.2
Washington 38,089 38, 089 1. 5
Wyoming 197.450 197,450 32.7
Total 1,737,181 1, 746, 491 199.9
Table 19.—Public-lands funds allotted to projects approved but not under contract and balance available for programmed projects, June 30, 1939
State, Publiclands funds Estimated total cost Miles Balance available for new projects State Publiclands funds Estimated total cost Miles Balance available for new projects
Arizona.. $220,194 156,936 90, 204 126, 530 60, 595 221, 054 302,892 12,925 Oklahoma . $39, 825 74,656 61,372 141,601 14, 930 124, 628
California Colorado... Idaho . ... $242, 089 $250, 457 6.5 Oregon South Dakota... —
Utah .. .
Montana... Washington Wyoming Total
Nevada New Mexico North Dakota. _ 34,471 772 34, 471 772 4.6 —
$277, 332 $285, 700 11.1 1,648, 342
Table 20.—Mileage of public-lands roads, by types of construction, completed as of . June 30, 1939
State Graded and drained Gravel Macadam, treated Low-cost bituminous mix Bituminous macadam Bituminous concrete Portland cement concrete Bridges Total
Untreated Treated
Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
Arizona 5.9 13.8 79.9 — 80.8 - 0.5 167.1
California . 2 21.3 60.2 .3 95.8
Colorado 9.2 21.7 — 8.0 . 1 29.8
Idaho 50.1 31. 5 90.8
Montana 33.0 18. 2 18. 2 . 3 69.7
Nevada 36. 5 10.8 501.5 6.0 . 1 538.1
New Mexico 9.4 31. 3 28.8 .3 77.2
North Dakota 16. 0 5.6 2.5 . 1 25. 5
Oklahoma 3.5 130.6 5.8 4.0 1. 8 . 1 10.0
Oregon . 1 144. 0
South Dakota 12. 5 2. 9 4.3 141.6 6.8 19.7
Utah 32. 6 2.6 3.7 . 1 181.1
Washington . 4 16. 8 15.6 110.8 — 23.5
Wyoming 23. 7 — — .3 150.4
Total 97.8 370.5 137.7 4.0 987.0 ' 2.6 8.6 12.2 2.3 1,622. 7
Notable from the standpoint of continuous Federal-land construction during the fiscal year are: the Oceanside-Kane Springs highway in California, the Death Valley National Monument-Easterly highway in California, the Railroad Pass-Searchlight highway in Nevada, and the Mineral Hot Springs-Poncha Springs highway in Colorado.
RESTORATION OF FLOOD-DAMAGED ROADS
Special acts during the period 1928-31 authorized funds for reconstruction of flood-damaged roads and bridges in 11 States. Work is still active in 4 States. All authorized funds have been absorbed in
54
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
completed work in Florida, New Hampshire, South Carolina, and Vermont. All work planned in Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana has been completed.
Construction was completed on 43 miles costing $511,947 during the year; 21.1 miles estimated to cost $829,669 were under contract at the close of the year, as shown in table 21; and three States had unobligated balances as follows: Arkansas, $122,507; Kentucky, $15,240; and Mississippi, $140,433.
Table 21.—Status of flood-relief funds provided under special flood-relief acts
Status and State Floodrelief funds Estimated total cost Miles Status and State Floodrelief funds Estimated total cost Miles
Completed during the fiscal year: Arkansas Kentucky Total $103, 544 146,470 $207, 505 304,442 25.2 17.8 Under contract: Arkansas Kentucky Mississippi Missouri Total $96, 256 159, 068 142, 300 8,562 $192, 513 318,136 299,900 19,120 9.4 7.2 3.4 1.1
250,014 511,947 43.0
406,186 829, 669 21.1
The Bureau has continued to supervise other projects involving the reconstruction of flood-damaged bridges at the request of the Works Progress Administration. These projects are financed by that organization and the States and, in some instances, partly with Works Program funds administered by the Bureau. Flood-damaged bridges and bridge approaches are reconstructed for the most part on secondary roads. In this work, which is done by contract, the Bureau cooperates closely with the State highway departments much the same as on Federal-aid construction.
During the year 3.2 miles of bridges and approaches costing $3,250,-950 were completed. This brings the total of this class of work completed to 38 miles costing $12,283,140. At the close of the year work estimated to cost $250,000 was under contract as shown in table 22.
Table 22.—Status of funds allotted for reconstruction of flood-damaged bridges by the Works Progress Administration to be supervised by the Bureau of Public Roads
Status and State Works Progress flood reconstruction funds Estimated total cost Miles
Completed during the fiscal year:
Massachusetts ... _ . __ . ... $1, 248, 296 $2, 304,174 1.6
New Hampshire - _ 123, 750 165,000 . 1
Pennsylvania 438, 726 690, 764 1.4
Vermont 41,689 91,012 . 1
Total _ _ __ 1,852, 461 3, 250,950 3.2
Under contract:
West Virginia _ 60,500 250,000 .2
Federal funds to aid the States in the immediate repair of highways and bridges on the Federal-aid system damaged by floods or other forces of nature have been made available by two congressional acts. The Hayden-Cartwright Act of June 18, 1934, authorized $10,000,000, and the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1938, authorized $8,000,000 from
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9 55
any funds available for expenditure under the Federal Highway Act and authorized future appropriation of funds to replace the funds expended for such purposes. These acts make possible the immediate repair of damaged roads and bridges without waiting for specific authorization of funds. The States are required to match these funds in the same manner as regular Federal-aid funds.
Work was completed on 31.2 miles costing $2,759,748 during the year, as shown in table 23. Work estimated to cost $4,124,118 was under contract, and work estimated to cost $448,960 was approved but not yet under contract. Funds paid to the States during the year under this authorization amounted to $1,704,554, bringing the total paid to the States under the Hayden-Cartwright Act to $4,274,430. Funds paid to States during the fiscal year were as follows:
California______________$867,830
Colorado__________________ 74, 032
Kansas____________________ 7, 982
Kentucky_______________ 5, 345
Maine__________________ 6, 655
Maryland_________________ 78, 673
Missouri_________________ 5, 580
New Hampshire______________ $5, 405
New York___________________ 10, 523
Ohio______________________ 592, 591
Vermont____________________ 47, 579
Virginia____________________ 2, 359
Total_______________ 1, 704, 554
Table 23.—Status of flood-relief funds provided under section 3 of the Hayden-Cartwright Act
Status and State I Emergency Estimated Miles
relief funds total cost
Completed during the fiscal year: California $687,806 $1,190,870 19.3
Kansas 94,108 197,420 .2
Kentucky 14,171 29, 239 .7
Maryland 9,900 20, 615 .1
Missouri 5,580 11,420 .2
Ohio 531,607 1,076,023 8.0
Vermont... 37, 586 79,800 2.5
Virginia 77,180 154, 361 .2
Total 1,457,938 2, 759, 748 31.2
Under contract: California 1, 036, 337 1, 787, 506 37.4
Kentucky 34,182 68,364 .8
Status and State Emergency relief funds Estimated total cost Miles
Under contract— Continued Maryland $87, 500 24, 334 664,060 321,650 26,400 $179,000 48,668 1, 330, 780 657,000 52,800 0.6
Missouri... .6
Ohio .. 9.6
Texas .6
Vermont . .3
Total 2,194,463 4,124,118 49.9
Approved but contract not awarded: Missouri 55, 560 120, 950 207,160 241,800 8. 7
Ohio... .. 3.2
Total.. 176,510 448, 960 11.9
Including work completed in previous years, the total obligations to the end of the fiscal year amounted to $8,387,607, leaving a balance of $9,612,393 for new projects.
WORK-RELIEF HIGHWAY PROJECTS
Work-relief highway projects, begun in the fall of 1933 to relieve distress in drought-stricken areas, have been continued. Road work has been carried on by an arrangement under which the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works has granted funds to pay material and equipment costs, limited to not more than 30 percent of the total cost, and the labor has been supplied from relief rolls and paid first by the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and later by the Works Progress Administration.
56
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
The Bureau, cooperating with the respective State highway departments, has assumed the responsibility of supervising road work under this arrangement.
During the year 625 miles of this kind of work costing $3,824,253 was completed, bringing the total to date to 7,014 miles. Work was under contract at the close of the year on 414 miles, estimated to cost $5,505,828, as shown in table 24.
Table 24.—Status of National recovery work-relief projects
Status and State National recovery work-relief funds Total cost Miles Status and State National recovery work-relief funds Total cost Miles
Completed during the fiscal year: Oklahoma Texas Total $122,400 979,433 $408,000 3,416,253 110.0 514.7 Under contract: Minnesota Oklahoma. Texas Total $717,468 447,600 82, 522 $3,630,851 1, 592,000 282,977 19.9 332.7 61. 5
1,101,833 3,824,253 624.7 1, 247, 590 5, 505,828 414.1
LOAN-AND-GRANT HIGHWAY PROJECTS
The Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works has continued the policy of aiding, by loans or grants or both, the construction of roads and bridges in a number of States. Projects of this kind are initiated by their sponsors with the administration and, after agreement has been reached and funds allotted, are turned over to the Bureau for detailed administration of construction. Practically all of this work is done by the contract method.
This work was begun in 1934 with funds provided by the National Industrial Recovery Act and has been continued with funds allocated under authorization of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 and the Work Relief and Public Works Appropriation Act of 1938. At the close of the fiscal year loans and grants of $76,816,461 had been made for specific projects 17,238 miles in length and estimated to cost $174,746,773. This represents a net increase during the year of 7,760 miles involving $20,380,189 of loan-and-grant funds and estimated to cost $48,355,522. Details by States are shown in table 25.
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1939 57
Table 25.—Status on June 30, 1939, of loan-and-grant Public Works projects transferred by the Public Works Administration to the Bureau of Public Roads for supervision and audit
ALLOTMENTS FROM NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY ACT
State Funds allotted by Public Works Administration Mileage, estimated cost, apd funds assigned to specific projects approved under Public Works Administration allotments
Tentative allotment by special board for Public Works Allotment by contracts executed Miles Estimated total cost Funds assigned
Grant Loan Grant Loan Other
Alabama $70, 248 $20,617 $49,631 6.8 $70, 248 $20,617 $49, 631
California 1, 310,864 1,310,864 16.3 6,063, 238 1,310,864 $4, 752, 374
Connecticut 1, 207, 596 i; 20L 596 68.9 4,825.941 L 207, 596 3; 618; 345
Illinois 2, 400,618 2,400,618 97.6 8l 256,422 2, 400,618 5; 855; 804
Indiana 200,662 ' 200,662 34.4 765, 294 ' 200, 662 ' 564'. 632
Iowa 307, 587 307, 587 823.7 1,061,690 307,587 754,103
Kansas 5,119, 130 1,524', 130 3,595,000 410.0 5-, 686,101 1,524', 130 3,595,000 566,971
Louisiana ' 269^ 258 88,258 ' 181,000 47.3 ' 300, 515 88,258 ' 181,000 31, 257
Maryland 4,220, 000 1,590, 000 2,630, 000 72.2 5,131, 317 1,410.902 2.630,000 1,090, 415
Massachusetts 1, 702, 395 1, 702, 395 105.1 5, 508, 720 1, 634, 636 3; 87L 084
Michigan hi 000 10,000 29.0 39; 818 10,000 29,818
Minnesota 1,337, 211 952,211 385, 000 472.9 3, 261, 752 952, 211 385,000 1,924; 541
Mississippi ' 559,135 161,149 397,986 85.2 ' 559,135 161,149 397,986
Missouri 1,026,000 1,026. 000 50.6 3,473, 587 1,026,000 2,447, 587
Montana 1, 829, 000 ' 579,000 1,250, 000 697.8 11955,463 ' 579, 000 1, 250,000 ' 126', 463
Nebraska 11,500 11, 500 59.6 40,120 11, 500 28, 620
New York 736,814 375, 033 361, 781 30.9 1, 282,140 375,033 361, 781 545', 326
Ohio 793i 180 139, 878 653', 302 27.1 995,848 139,878 653, 302 202', 668
South Carolina 76,083 21, 283 54,800 28.0 76, 083 21, 283 54,800
Texas. 1,471,021 931,421 539,600 238.2 3,254'. 907 931,421 539,600 1,783,886
Washington • 2; 270; 890 2,270, 890 1,275.1 8; 209,058 2,270,890 5,938; 168
West Virginia 2,000,000 2, 000, 000 453.7 6, 771,399 2, 000,637 4, 770', 762
Wisconsin 454, 300 ' 142,300 312,000 86.4 ' 526,177 ' 142,300 312,000 71,877
Total 29,383,492 18,973,392 10,410,100 5,216.8 68,114,973 18,727,172 10,410,100 38.977,701
ALLOTMENTS FROM EMERGENCY RELIEF APPROPRIATION ACT OF 1935
California $57,821 1 $57.8211 .4 $128,842 $57,821 $71, 021
Colorado 3, 000, 000 3,000, 000 266.6 7, 267, 500 3, 000, 000 4, 26L 500
Florida 71, 514 71,514 .6 158,921 71, 514 .......... 87,407
Illinois 586, 673 586,673| 114.1 1,396,151 903,659 586. 673 809, 478
Iowa 393,319 393, 319 .......... 862.1 393, 319 .......... 510, 340
Kansas.—. 14,463 14,463 ______ . 6 33,364 14, 463 18,901
Maryland... 1, 000, 000 1,000, 000 .......... 25.4 1,852, 497 833, 624 .......... 1,018,873
Michigan 119,435 119,435 __________ 16.5 290,093 119,435 __________ 170,658
Minnesota 152,389 152, 389 69.2 345, 351 152,389 192,962
Mississippi 15,325,683 15,325, 683 1, 395.0 34,165,014 15, 229,197 .......... 18,935,817
Missouri 396, 700 396, 700 .......... 364.5 881, 690 396, 700 484,990
Nebraska 6,612 6, 612 .......... 18.0 14,915 6,612 .......... 8,303
New Jersey 29,863 29,863 .......... 3.1 66, 362 29,863 36,499
New York 212,872 212,872 $388,396 28.7 518, 538 212,872 $388,396 305,666
Ohio 744, 519 356,123 229.5 805,399 356,123 60,880
Pennsylvania 349,969 349,969 1.7 625,682 281, 557 344,125
South Carolina 707,069 474, 069 233, odd 249.7 1,071,831 474,069 233,000 364, 762
Texas 2,930,193 2,440,193 490, 000 381.9 5,857, 571 2,440,193 490,000 2,927,378
Utah.. 45,900 45,900 29.1 116, 353 45,900 .......... 70,453
Washington 730,093 730. 093 — 184.8 1,889,022 730,093 1,158,929
Total— 26,875,087 25,763,691 1,111,396 4,241.5 58,388,755 25, 432,417 1,111,396 31,844,942
58
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 25.—Status on June 30, 1939, of loan-and-grant Public Works projects transferred by the Public Works Administration to the Bureau of Public Roads for supervision and audit—Continued
ALLOTMENTS FROM WORK RELIEF AND PUBLIC WORKS APPROPRIATION ACT OF 1938
State Funds allotted by Public Works Administration Mileage, estimated cost, and funds assigned to specific projects approved under Public Works Administration allotments
Tentative allotment by special board for Public Works Allotment by contracts executed Miles Estimated total cost Funds assigned
Grant Loan Grant Loan Other
Alabama.. $84,965 $84, 965 12.0 $188,811 $84,965 $103,846
California 205,278 205, 278 22.7 388,153 174, 667 213,486
Colorado 454,950 454,950 51.6 1,010,950 446,150 564,800
Connecticut 1,784, 250 1,784,250 20.0 2; 257; 569 1,013; 991 1,243; 578
Florida ' 769,223 ' 769, 223 83.2 L812; 306 ' 747, 752 L 064; 554
Georgia 605,700 605,700 85.9 1,242,930 559,090 ' 683,840
Idaho. 54,418 54,418
Illinois 2,409,191 2,409,191 239.0 4, 624, 670 1,929, 795 2,694,875
Iowa L 140,116 1,140,116 1,138.4 2', 073', 052 ’ 941, 061 L 131,'991
Kansas ' 504,098 ’ 504, 098 26.7 ' 786; 325 353; 846 432; 479
Kentucky.. 100', 945 100,945 25.0 224; 322 100; 945 123,377
Massachusetts 49,050 49,050 .2 95,467 42,960 52; 507
Michigan 1,917,990 11,937,790 325.0 4,011,479 1,805,004 2,206,475
Minnesota i, 138,563 12,255,092 1, 542.7 3,258,923 i; 443; 310 1,815', 613
Mississippi 3,074,295 3,074, 295 387.2 7,052; 430 3; 003, 714 4,048,716
Missouri ' 787', 156 ' 787,156 685.1 i; 709; 664 ' 767, 857 '941.807
Nebraska 24,750 24, 750 .5 60;936 24, 750 36,186
New Jersey 37,0Q6 37; 006 .4 82,235 37; 006 45,229
New York 90,000 90,000 .2 220,138 90,000 130,138
North Dakota 590,180 590,180 255.0 1,260; 945 56L 420 693; 525
Ohio 1,008, 594 1,008, 594 1,319.3 1, 671, 252 751,254 919,998
Oklahoma 105,300 105,300 80.4 ' 224, 331 100,036 12< 295
Oregon 489,519 489,519 123.4 972', 710 433, 510 539,200
Pennsylvania 178. 627 178,627 4.6 37i; 456 167,155 204,301
South Carolina 713.185 1 805,435 371.2 1,173, 229 527,953 645', 276
Texas 2,387,338 2,387,338 590.1 5, 017,892 2,258,329 2,759, 563
Vermont ' 250,035 > 242,489 4.1 458, 576 ' 202; 408 ' 256; 168
Washington 1, 529, o;0 11. 563; 270 242.3 3,005; 638 1,339,200 1,666,438
West Virginia 1,156,010 1,156,050 130.1 2, 560,187 1,065,744 1,494', 443
Wisconsin 160,875 160,875 13.1 426,469 155,504 '270,965
Total 24.800.747'25.055.950 7,779.4 48. 243.045 21.135.376 27,107,669
1 Differences due to “advice of contracts” not yet received from Public Works Administration.
NATIONAL-FOREST ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Improvement of the system of forest highways of 21,981 miles located in 36 States, Alaska, and Puerto Rico was continued during the year when 413 miles were brought to completion under Bureau supervision. However, much of the work was further improvement of previously improved roads, and only 164 miles were improved for the first time.
When the improvement of forest roads and trails with annual authorizations began 23 years ago, the forest areas were almost inaccessible to wheeled vehicles. During the first years of improvement, the construction was almost entirely of the pioneer type. As improvement of main highways throughout the country advanced, the standards of forest-highway improvement were raised. When the Federal-aid and State highway systems were designated, it became necessary to designate and provide for the improvement of routes across forest areas forming essential links in these systems. Thirty-nine percent of the forest-highway system as now constituted provides necessary links in the Federal-aid system, and another 39 percent is similarly related to portions of State systems not on the
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9 59
Federal-aid system. As improvement of these systems has progressed, there has been strong pressure to open the impassable sections through the forests. To accomplish this, with the funds that have been available, many miles of road have been built according to the principles of stage construction. The first stage has included only a partial provision of the improvement known to be ultimately desirable but has been so designed that further improvements may be provided in successive steps as funds are provided.
At the end of the fiscal year, work had been done on 6,832 miles, or 31 percent, of the forest-highway system. The greater portion of the system is still unimproved, but greatly increased use of the surfaced sections, increase in speed of vehicles, and a general raising of highway standards have made necessary a concentration of present efforts on the modernizing of those highways built in the early stages of the program. Of the 413 miles completed in 1939, 249 miles were second- or third-stage improvement, and work was done for the first time on 164 miles. The existing forest highways are being raised to higher standards and are attracting increasing thousands ot tourists each year, but extension of the surfaced mileage in the system is progressing at a slow pace.
Construction of forest highways, within the limits of Federal funds authorized, is not contingent upon the provision of State or local funds, but in past years the State and local interest in obtaining construction of particular roads has led to the provision of cooperative funds that have materially accelerated the program. In the past few years, there has been a marked decrease in the amount of State and local funds offered for use on forest roads, and the program has been supported almost wholly with Federal funds. This is partly explained by the small mileage of entirely new construction. Communities adjacent to the forests have a stronger interest in the opening up of new routes than in betterment of routes already open to travel.
The work done under the direction of this Bureau and reported here includes all improvements classified as major. Minor road improvements are administered by the Forest Service. Major projects include all work on the forest-highway system except those that do not require the technical services of a highway-engineering organization or those having an estimated average cost of less than $2,000 per mile. Forest-development road projects of an estimated average cost greater than $5,000 per mile, and those requiring the services of a highway-engineering organization are also classed as major projects.
Authorizations for forest-road work have been at the rate of $14,000,000 annually in the fiscal years 1938 and 1939, and $10,000,000 for 1940.
At the beginning of the year the active program involved $10,224,-747, of which $6,825,767 was involved in work under contract and force account construction, $1,647,091 in surveys, $1,426,578 in maintenance, and $325,311 for miscellaneous items. There was available for new work $16,758,024, of which $6,728,897 was for programmed work not under contract, and $10,029,127 was available for additional new projects. Of the latter amount $8,180,139 has been assigned to major projects and $219,429 to minor projects during the year, leaving a balance of $1,629,559 available at the end.of the year for new* projects. The amount of $10,029,127 consists of
60
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
$6,666,667 authorized by the act of June 8, 1938, for the fiscal year 1940, apportioned December 27, 1938, and $3,362,460 from previous apportionments.
Major work to cost $8,657,996 was put under contract, and the roads completed cost $8,026,652.
At the close of the year the forest-road work amounted to $10,-856,091, of which work under contract and force-account construction was $7,815,957, surveys $1,448,368, maintenance $1,237,599, and miscellaneous items $354,167. The amount available for new work was $7,880,599, of which $6,251,040 had been assigned to specific projects then placed under contract, and $1,629,559 was available for additional projects. These amounts include the $10,000,000 authorized for forest-road work in the fiscal year 1940.
Tables 26-29 show the mileage of the forest-road system, progress in improvement during the past year, and the present condition of improvement.
Table 26.—Classification of the mileage of the forest-highway system at end of fiscal year 1939
Region and State Class 11 Class 22 Class 3 3 Total
Western: Alaska Miles Miles Miles 352.8 Miles 352.8 1,059.4 2,425.2 1,810.0 1,078. 0 1, 201.6 417.9
Arizona _ 345.8 268.6 445.0
California 670.7 1,252.7 1,091.0 165. 3 501.8
Colorado ... 625.0 94.0
Idaho _ 721.2 191.5
Montana .. ._ 666.0 304. 6 231.0
Nevada 104.7 282.2 31.0
New Mexico _. 162.0 522.0 684.0
Oregon. 719.3 352.6 310.4 1,382.3 313.0
South Dakota 227.0 86.0
Utah 191.5 471.4 67. 2 730 1
Washington 391.3 123.1 246.8 761.2
Wyoming _ 387.3 37.0 217.7 642.0
Total . 5, 211.8 4,870.5 2,775. 2 12,857.5
Eastern: Alabama ... 4.0 20.0 31.0 55.0
Arkansas . _ 274.6 310.3 44.6 629.5
Florida 27.4 218.9 246.3
Georgia 110.3 36.5 58.5 205.3
Illinois.-. ... 223.1 27. 5 35.0 285 6
Kentucky, 132.8 132.1 28.5 293.4
Louisiana . 66.1 369.4 21.9 457.4
Maine _ . 11.0 11.0
Michigan. . _ 466.7 283.8 274.4 1,024.9 584.0 539.0
Minnesota _ 179.4 217. < 186.9
Mississippi 204.0 264.0 71.0
Missouri. 426.2 160.1 247.3 833.6
Nebraska 10.4 18.4 28.8
New Hampshire 40.9 92.1 41.7 174.7
North Carolina 483.6 279.0 51.5 814.1
Oklahoma _ 31.5 17.0 13. 5 62.0
Pennsylvania 123.8 228.7 18.9 371.4
Puerto Rico 21.0 21.0
South Carolina 237.8 99. 2 11.0 348.0
Tennessee 146.2 98.8 85.0 330.0
Texas. 123.4 168.4 111.2 403.0
Vermont . _ 32.7 43.2 58.6 134.5
Virginia 79.0 135.4 241.7 456.1
West Virginia 131.0 168.2 66.6 365.8
Wisconsin 85.7 177.0 186.3 449.0
Total ... . . 3,640. 6 3,547.3 1,935.5 9,123.4
Grand total 8,852.4 8,417.8 4,710.7 21,980.9
1 Class 1. Forest roads forming sections of the Federal-aid highway system, either wholly within or. when so designated by the Chief of the Forest Service and the Chief of the Bureau of Public Roads, partly without and adjacent to the national forests.
1 Class 2. Forest roads, not of class 1, which are parts of approved State highway systems, when so designated by the Chief of the Forest Service and the Chief of the Bureau of Public Roads.
3 Class 3. All other forest roads of primary importance to counties or communities.
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1939 61
Table 27.—Mileage of forest-highway projects completed during year and total completed to end of fiscal year 1
Region and State Initial improvement and stage construction Initial improvement Total to June 30, 1939
Western: Miles Miles Miles
Alaska . _ 32 6 8.4 246.5
Arizona. 28.8 2.6 576.4
California . 81.1 44.2 825.7
Colorado 12.4 8.1 544.6
Idaho 29.0 9.1 700.1
Montana . 32.8 16.4 625.8
Nevada.. 19.5 9.4 185.8
New Mexico _ 22.6 1.4 315.1
Oregon . 37.9 10.4 1,027.0
South Dakota. . . 4.0 61.1
Utah . 12.2 7.3 362.9
Washington . 16.7 9.5 340.0
Wyoming 29.5 2.4 3C0.2
Total 359.1 129.2 6,171. 2
Eastern:
Alabama 5.1
Arkansas 8.8 8.8 133.8
Florida . .2 61.6
Georgia 15.8 21.3
Illinois . 4.7
Kentucky .1
Louisiana .5
Michigan 56.7
Minnesota. 120.1
Mississippi.. .1 .1 .1
Missouri 6.2 6.2 14.2
Nebraska 8.7
New Hampshire 1.1 1.1 29.1
North Carolina 3.2 .1 50.9
Oklahoma _ . 16.1
Pennsylvania 10.6
South Carolina . .8 .8 16.9
Tennessee 43.2
Texas _ 5.1 5.1 5.1
Virginia .. 6.6 6.6 29.5
West Virginia 1.7 1.7 10.3
Wisconsin . 4.1 4.1 22.4
Total .. 53.7 34.6 661.0
Grand total 412.8 163.8 6,832.2
i Changes in the mileage of completed road, resulting from abandonments, relocations, and correction resulting from recent surveys are reflected in this table.
62
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 28.—Mileage of forest highways under construction as of June 30, 1939'
Region and State Graded and drained Waterbound macadam Bituminous surface treatment Low-cost bituminous mix Bituminous macadam Portlandcement concrete pavement Bridges Total
Western: Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
Alaska Arizona 24.3 13.0 18.8 13.0
1. 7 20.5 0.2 44.8
California Colorado 48. 7 23.6 29.2 98.6
22.1 0) 23.6
Idaho 40.1 25.2 .9 . 1 63.2
Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon 5. 0 1. 2 31.4
6. 9 6.9
5.8 4.1 7.1 34.0 3.4 2.0 0.2 4.1 49.1
South Dakota... Utah Washington 5.6 3.8 G) 7.2
1. 6 13.5 7.2 13.5
8.7
Wyoming — 2.1 — .1 10.9
Total 121.0 112.0 113.1 24.8 2.0 .2 .4 373.5
Eastern:
Arkansas Louisiana 1.8 .3 1.6 0.1 3.8
• 3 (>) .3
Michigan Minnesota. 20.4 9. 7 — (') (') 9.7 20.4
Missouri... ... 16.9 (>) 16.9
New Hampshire. North Carolina.. Pennsylvania Texas 7.5 9.1 . 1 7.6
8.8 1.3 17.9
6.5 1.3
(>) 6. 5
West Virginia... Wisconsin 7.1 6. 4 — — 6.4 7.1
Total 29.3 56.4 9.1 1.6 1.3 — .2 97.9
Grand total 150.3 168.4 122.2 26.4 3.3 ■2 .6 471.4
1 Mileage less than 0.1.
Table 29.—Completed forest highways by States and by types to June 30, 1939
Region and State Graded and drained Sandclay Traffic-bound surfaces of miscellaneous material Bituminous surface treatment Low-cost bituminous mix Bituminous macadam Portland-cement concrete Bridges Highway-railroad grade separation Total
Western: Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
Alaska Arizona 209.7 244.1 41.4 15.4 23.4 2.4 • 246.5
- — 285. 7 .8 576.4
California 269.3 — 170.5 273.6 109.6 2.6 0.1 825.7
Colorado 153. 6 245.3 12.6 132.8 0.1 .2 .1 544.6
Idaho 292. 7 — 266. 7 37.5 138.3 2.3 700.1
Montana 315.1 — 246.0 125.2 1.9 .1 625.8
Nevada 46.1 ------ 61. 5 16.1 62.0 . 1 185.8
New Mexico 42.3 --- — - 195.0 12.3 65.3 14.5 .2 315.1
Oregon 154.6 — 614.4 167.1 72.3 .3 3.8 (>) 1.027.0
South Dakota Utah 133.5 42.4 25.0 18.7 61.1
166.9 36.9 . 6 362.9
Washington Wyoming 96.1 — 237. 5 4.4 84.4 2.0 340.0
38. 7 — 227.1 8.7 — 1.3 360.2
Total 1,651.7 3,003.1 598.7 860.9 37.9 .4 18.2 .3 6,171. 2
Eastern: — ~ = — -- —
Alabama 95.9 5.1 5.1
Arkansas Florida Georgia Illinois 4.3 37.2 26.6 29.8 0.7 — 133.8
3.0 10.4 .9 61.6
7.9 (') 21.3
4. 7 4.7
Kentucky .1 .1
Louisiana Michigan- Minnesota Mississippi . 4 .1 — .5
43.8 (>) 51), 7 16.1 (’) 56.7
— 60.0 — — .2 .1 — 120.1 . 1
1 Mileage less than 0.1.
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9 63
Table 29.—Completed forest highways by States and by types to June 30, 1939—Con.
Region and State Graded and drained Sandclay Trafficbound surfaces of miscellaneous material Bituminous surface treatment Lowcost bituminous mix Bituminous macadam Portland-cement concrete Bridges Highway-railroad grade separation Total
Eastern—Contd. Missouri.. Miles Miles Miles 14.2 Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles 14.2
Nebraska 2.2 6.5 8.7
New Hampshire . 14.5 14.5 0.1 29.1
North Carolina 11.0 9.8 30.1 (*) 50.9
Oklahoma . 1 16.0 16.1
Pennsylvania 1.7 8.9 10.6
South Carolina 16.8 . 1 16.9
Tennessee _ 43.2 43.2
Texas - 5.0 . 1 5.1
Virginia 3.6 2.3 17.1 6.5 (’) 29.5
West Virginia- Wisconsin 7.6 2.6 . 1 10.3
8.3 14.1 22.4
Total 180.5 10.8 292.9 113.0 45.9 15.4 — 2.5 — 661.0
Grand total— 1, 832.2 10.8 3, 296.0 711.7 906.8 53.3 .4 20.7 0.3 6,832. 2
ROAD CONSTRUCTION IN NATIONAL PARKS AND MONUMENTS
National parks and monuments have been established in 33 States, the largest and best known being in the Western States. These areas of exceptional natural phenomena and places of particular historic significance and scenic beauty are recreation grounds for the entire Nation. Nature and events in past history have provided places that everyone desires to see, and highways are the primary requirement in making them accessible to thousands of people who must plan vacation trips of moderate cost.
In addition, over 900 miles of parkways have been established by Congress in the East. These parkways connect points of special interest to tourists and are located on a right-of-way sufficiently broad to give complete control of roadside development. One follows closely the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains between the Shenandoah National Park in Virginia and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina. Another follows the old historic trail between Natchez, Miss., and Nashville, Tenn.
The construction of roads in and approaching national parks, monuments, and parkways is a responsibility of the Bureau under an agreement with the National Park Service. Highway construction in national parks and monuments is carried on with the cooperation of the Branch of Plans and Design of the National Park Service in locating and planning highways to fit them into and preserve the natural beauty of the parks.
At the close of the year, 1,577 miles of road had been constructed in the national parks and monuments, an increase of 146 miles during the past year. This mileage includes both approach roads and parkways. In addition, 143 miles of road previously constructed were further improved, in most instances by placing a better surface. The completed mileage is shown by parks and monuments in table 30, and by types in table 31.
64
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Table 30.—Highways completed in or leading to national parks and monuments during fiscal year 1939 1
Park, monument, or parkway Initial improvement and stage construction Initial improvement completed Total to June 30, 1939
Miles Miles Miles
Acadia 0 1 0 1 1 K A
Blue Ridge . 67 2 19 3 134 1
Boulder Dam 9.4 9 4
Bryce Canyon .... .. _ 21 7
Carlsbad Caverns __ 8 4
Chalmette .. ’ 5
Chickamauga-Chattanooga .. 17 6
Colonial 2 0 2 0 14 5
Crater Lake .. 19.1 2.5 60 5
Devils Tower.. ___ 3
Fort Donelson 2* 7
Fort Matanzas .. „ ...
Fort Pulaski 3
Fredericksburg-Spotsylvania _ 23’1
General Grant-- 5.1 4.7 15 0
George Washington Birthplace 2 6
Gettysburg . 2.2 2.2 9 5
Glacier - 74 4
Grand Canyon ... 46 3 30 9 193 q
Great Smoky Mountains, -. &5 £8 29 1
Guilford Courthouse ... 2 6
Hawaii . 35 6
Hot Springs 3 5
Kill Devil Hill 1 6
Lassen Volcanic- . 35 1
Meriwether Lewis - , . 18
Mesa Verde . 32 0
Morristown 2 6
Mount Rainier -- _ 4 6 4 6 86 3
Natchez Trace __ .. _ 36 1 36 1 36 1
National Capital parks 1 6 ’ 5 6 1
Petersburg 1 9 ’ o 7 9
Petrified Forest 4.8 31 1
Rocky Mountain _ . 51 4
Scotts Bluff 1 6
Sequoia . 12 5 46 1
Shenandoah __ 42.4 14.1 102 7
Shiloh 10 6
Vicksburg 3.1 3.1 8 4
Wind Cave - .. 15 9
Yellowstone 13 0 12 5 302 9
Yosemite 1L0 ' 5 104 5
Zion _ 18 7
Total , 288 9 145 9 1 577 1
Low-standard access roads (not included above) 9.8 7.0 18.0
• Changes in mileage due to division of regular and low-standard roads and to corrections resulting from final surveys are reflected in this table.
Table 31.—Highways completed in or leading to national parks and monuments at end of fiscal year 1939, by types
Park, monument, or parkway Graded and drained Gravel Bituminous treatment
Acadia Miles Miles Miles 7.4 18.0
Blue Ridge Boulder Dam . 0.6 86.1
Bryce Canyon
Carlsbad Caverns
Chalmette
Chickamauga-Chattanooga-ColoniaL .. ...
2.7 2.9 .1 10.1 1.1 1.9
Crater Lake Devils Tower
Fort Donelson
Fort Matanzas
Bituminous mixture Bituminous macadam Bituminous concrete Portland cement concrete Bridges Total
Miles Miles 8.0 Miles Miles Miles Miles 15.4 134.1 9.4 21.7 8.4 .5 17.6 14. 5 60.5 o'-~6
29.1 9.4 21.7 8.4 0.3
0.5 7.2 10.4
10.4
.2 .1 .3
38.7 6.8
2.7 .5
.1
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 39 65
Table 31.—Highways completed in or leading to national parks and monuments at end of fiscal year 1939, by types—Continued
Park, monument, or parkway Graded and drained Gravel Bituminous treatment Bituminous mixture Bituminous macadam Bituminous concrete Portland cement concrete Bridges Total
Fort Pulaski Fredericksburg-Spotsyl- Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
0.1 17.7 2.4 0.2 0.2 0.3
vania General Grant George Washington Birth- 12.6 — 5.2 — 23.1 15. 0
place--.-.- Gettysburg Glacier Grand Canyon Great Smoky Mountains 16.4 .4 23.7 .7 1.2 2. 6 2.2 34.1 31.7 23.5 .8 160.5 4.0 6.5 — .2 . 1 2.6 9.5 74.4 193.0 29.1
Guilford Courthouse Hawaii Hot Springs Kill Devil Hill Lassen Volcanic Meriwether Lewis — 10.6 3.5 9.0 1.6 35.1 1.8 16.0 2.6 2. 6 35.6 3.5 1.6 35.1 1.8
Mesa Verde Morristown Mount Rainier 25.1 2.6 24.7 32. 0 20.7 15.5 .3 32.0 2.6 86.3
Natchez Trace National Capital parks 36.1 1.0 4.4 6.6 . 1 36.1 6.1
Petersburg Petrified Forest Rocky Mountain — 6.0 4.9 8.0 26.0 43.4 — 1.9 .2 7.9 31.1 51.4
Scotts Bluff Sequoia,-- Shenandoah 6.2 13.8 8.1 3.0 37.9 68.5 11.2 1. 6 . 1 1.6 46.1 102.7
Shiloh Vicksburg .2 .2 .1 .4 .4 3.7 . 1 6.6 7.2 . 1 10. 6 8.4
Wind Cave Yellowstone Yosemite 9.4 37.4 10. 5 108.1 26.3 15.9 155.9 27.7 15.8 8.3 6.2 .8 .3 15.9 302.2 104.5
Zion 17.6 — 1.1 — 18. 7
Total 112.9 211.4 322.5 788.2 62.1 33.3 43.3 3.4 1, 577.1
Low-standard access roads 18. 0
(not included above)
In Grand Canyon National Park the grading and base-course construction of the northern approach from Jacobs Lake to the north rim of the canyon were completed. Funds have already been allotted for a bituminous plant-mix surface on this highway. In Mount Rainier National Park both the Westside and Stevens Canyon routes, which are of considerable length, are being improved by including sections in each year’s program. Work is now being concentrated in Stevens Canyon. In Crater Lake National Park the last section of the loop around the lake between Government Camp and Kerr Notch is approaching completion. In Yosemite the Big Oak Flat road route, involving difficult location and construction, is completed. The tunnels on this route are being lined and sections between these tunnels are being surfaced. There still remains a long uncompleted gap on the Tioga Road in Yosemite. This is a superb mountain highway through some of the most rugged of the high Sierras, crossing the Sierras at Tioga Pass at an elevation of nearly 10,000 feet. Additional work on this road is planned. Roads within Yellowstone National Park and the approach roads from the east and northeast are being improved. Another section of the Fresno-General Grant Approach Road was completed, leaving only one more section, about 5 miles in length, to be built in order to complete the highway.
66
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
In the Eastern States attention is being centered on the construction of parkways. The Blue Ridge Parkway following closely the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains for approximately 480 miles passes through Virginia and North Carolina and connects the Shenandoah and Great Smoky Mountains National Parks. Approximately 134 miles has been completed and 170 miles is under construction. A portion of the mileage under construction is surfacing of roads previously graded.
The Natchez Trace Parkway passes through historic sections of Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee for approximately 455 miles. Approximately 36 miles of this parkway are now complete, and 11 additional miles are under construction.
Mileage of highways under construction is listed by location and types in table 32.
Table 32.—Highways under construction in or leading to national parks and monuments at end of fiscal year 1939, by types
Park, monument, or parkway Graded and drained Gravel Bituminous treatment Bituminous mixture Portlandcement concrete Bridges Total
Acadia Blue Ridge Parkway Boulder Dam recreational area. Chickamauga-Chattanooga Crater Lake Glacier Great Smoky Mountains Mount Rainier Natchez Trace National Capital parks Rocky Mountain Sequoia Shenandoah Vicksburg Yellowstone Yosemite Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles
8.3 2.5 10.6 2.2 70.2 1.5 2.1 3.1 38.7 9.0 16.7 13.7 4.4 9.2 8.6 62.1 3.4 22.0 8.1 19.8 9.4 66.9 42.3 1.2 .5 0.1 .2 .1 3.1 171.0 3.4 9.0 8.3 38.7 1.5 16.2 10.6 .1 8.1 19.8 13.8 1.2 76.3 55.8
Zion-Bryce Canyon 6.8 6.8
Total 23.6 80.6 103.4 234.0 1.7 .4 443.7
The mileage of approach roads completed and under construction and approved for construction is reported in table 33.
Table 33.—Location and length of approach roads to national parks and monuments, June 30, 1939
Road Fresno-General Grant Park General Grant ... Designated Miles 13.2 28.1 52.3 31.2 8.8 13.5 8.6 13.9 24.0 59.7 23.0 29.1 2.6 Under construction Miles Completed Miles 8.6 28.1 52.3 i 30.9 f 4.7 F 4.1 13.5 8.6 13.9 5.8 59.7 13.7
Cameron-Desert View . Grand Canyon
South Approach. do
Jacobs Lake-North Rim do
Mineral-Lassen Volcanic Lassen Volcanic
Sequoia-General Grant Sequoia-General Grant
Custer-Wind Cave Wind Cave
Southwest Approach . .... Yellowstone
Moran-Yellowstone do . .....
Red Lodge-Cooke City do
East Approach do 8.8 6.8
Zion-Bryce Canyon .. Zion-Bryce Canyon.
Cedar Breaks .. Cedar Breaks. .1
Total
308.0 15.6 239.8
1 Reflects correction resulting from final survey.
2 Graded as a forest-road project. Figure not included in total.
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9 67
INTER-AMERICAN HIGHWAY
For some years the Government of the United States has assisted Central American countries in the improvement of the highway from the southern border of Mexico to Panama City, Panama, which is a part of the projected route from Laredo, Tex., to Panama City. The cooperation has been through the Department of State, the Bureau of Public Roads supplying the needed engineering services and direction. In 1934 a route was recommended after a careful reconnaissance survey. Recent activity by this Government has been supported by an authorization of $1,000*000 made in 1934 for cooperation in the survey and construction of highways. Surveys have been made in several countries, and assistance was given to Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, and Guatemala in the erection of bridges.
During the year the bridge construction was largely completed, and the giving of engineering advice and assistance was continued under an authorization of $50,000 made in June 1938.
The Chiriqui Bridge in Panama and approaches were completed in March 1939, and the structure was formally opened by the President of the Republic during a special fiesta proclaimed for the purpose. Panama is obligated under a cooperative arrangement to erect the Rio Chirigagua and the Rio San Cristobal Bridges between David and Conception. Steel for these bridges has been supplied by the United States. The substructures for both of these spans had been completed and arrangements were made for the erection of steel in May 1939, but erection has been postponed until the next dry season/ There is reluctance in Central America to carry on hazardous work during the rainy season.
In Guatemala, bridges over Rio Tiucal, Rio Zonjon, and Rio Mongoy were finished by local forces.
Engineering assistance was given in the construction of 12.5 miles of road in Guatemala, 18 miles in Nicaragua, and .25 miles in Costa Rica. The Nicaraguan section of road was practically complete in June 1939. The work in Guatemala is expected to be completed soon. Steady progress has been made on the 25 miles of construction in Costa Rica between Cartago and San Marcos. This highway crosses the Continental Divide at an altitude of approximately 7,200 feet, over a range of mountains having very precipitous slopes and at places the material is very unstable. Several months more will be required to complete the work.
The cooperative work of the United States has aroused a strong interest in Central American countries in the Inter-American Highway, and several countries are planning, on their own account, to extend or reconstruct sections of the route. During the past fiscal year requests for additional surveys have been received from Nicaragua, Honduras, and Guatemala. All needed survey work in Panama was completed in the preceding year.
The survey requested in Nicaragua between Las Maderas Bridge and the town of Sebaco, a distance of 22.5 miles, has been completed, and construction should begin during the present year.
In Honduras, 34 miles were surveyed from the Choluteca Bridge westward to the Nacaome River. This section of road passes through all of the largest towns on the Pacific side, including San Lorenzo, the only Pacific port of entry.
68
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
In Guatemala, surveys on 89.5 miles of road between Asuncion Mita and Guatemala City were completed. A passable highway exists throughout this section, but it has sharp curves and some bad location that can be rectified. This survey completes the detailed planning of the route from Guatemala City to the frontier of El Salvador.
All road plans resulting from surveys have been drafted according to the standards used on Federal-aid work in the United States, and the plans will be furnished to the respective countries for their use in continuing construction.
Table 34 indicates the condition of the Inter-American Highway from Laredo, Tex., to the Canal Zone at the close of the year.
Table 34.—Status of improvement of the Inter-American Highway 1
Type Mexico Guatemala El Salvador Honduras Nicaragua Costa Rica Panama Total
Paved Miles 825 156 329 402 Miles Miles 72 48 53 8 Miles Miles 16 17 99 113 Miles 47 66 243 Miles 163 145 34 25 Miles 1,123 669 653 822
All weather. Dry weather Trails 273 43 30 29 31
Total
1, 712 316 181 90 245 356 367 3,267
1 From the United States-Mexico border to the Panama Canal.
During the year Bureau engineers have been loaned to Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador, under provisions of the acts, Public No. 545, Seventy-fifth Congress, and Public No. 63, Seventy-sixth Congress.
An engineer was assigned to Venezuela in January 1939, for 6 months, to advise regarding the location of new roads. An American contracting concern has notified the Bureau that it has contracted for approximately 150 miles of road recommended by our engineer.
A soil expert was assigned to the State of Cundinamarca, Colombia, which includes the Federal district and the capital of that Republic. His assignment for 3 months has been extended for a second like period.
In June 1939, an engineer was furnished the Republic of Ecuador, on request of that Government, to advise on a general system of improved roads, and at the close of the fiscal year he was engaged in that work.
On May 25, 1939 the Export-Import Bank of Washington officially requested the Secretary of Agriculture to arrange for the assignment of engineers from the Bureau of Public Roads to assist the bank in connection with the extension of credits for public road construction in Latin America. Authority for such assignments was given by the Secretary of Agriculture, and negotiations covering details were in progress at the close of the year. In this connection a request has been received for the assignment of an engineer to Paraguay.
In January 1939, the Third Pan American Highway Congress was held at Santiago, Chile, and a representative of the Bureau was designated as the technical head of the American delegation.
The Congress took steps to obtain concerted action by the several countries of South America in designating a Pan American highway
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9 69
system to connect at Panama with the highway projected from the United States and to establish the necessary international highway connections throughout the southern continent.
JJnder the Pan American Highway Convention, signed at Buenos Aft-es in 1936, a financial committee was created and the Bureau has cooperated with the American representative of this committee by furnishing estimates and information pertinent to its work.
Under that same convention, the Bureau was officially designated by the Secretary of State as the depository for exchange of highway information, with similar agencies designated for each of the Latin American countries.
TRANSPORTATION, ECONOMIC, AND STATISTICAL INVESTIGATIONS
HIGHWAY-PLANNING SURVEYS
At the close of the year 46 States and the District of Columbia had undertaken State-wide highway-planning surveys in cooperation with the Bureau under authority contained in the Hayden-Cartwright Act of 1934 and subsequent legislation which authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to approve allotments of not to exceed 1/2 percent of the amount of Federal highway funds apportioned for any year for surveys, plans, and engineering, and economic investigations of projects for future construction.
In a number of States preliminary reports have been prepared summarizing portions of the data for the guidance of the legislature in connection with specific proposals, or to aid the State highway departments in setting up yearly programs. In several States work has been started on a comprehensive initial report, summarizing and correlating the data obtained in all phases of the survey, following in general an outline suggested by the Bureau. While few comprehensive reports have yet been completed, highway officials in all States are making constant use of the information in connection with problems that arise from day to day.
One of the most generally useful products of the planning surveys is a series of large-scale State and county maps. The county maps, generally on a scale of 1 inch to 1 mile or greater, show, in addition to transportation facilities, all physical features and man-made improvements, and will form the first up-to-date and comprehensive series of county maps ever made. At the end of the year there had been approved 2,962 sheets covering 1,924 counties, approximately 70 percent of the total to be completed. Other series of maps to be drafted on the base maps show highway and other transportation systems, bus and truck routes, postal routes, school-bus routes, and traffic volume.
There has been an increasing public demand for these maps, and many requests from private agencies and individuals have been received by the States concerned. Arrangements have been made with the States to supply copies or complete sets to a number of Federal agencies, including the Library of Congress, the Soil Conservation Service, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, the Farm Credit Administration, and the Bureau of the Census. These maps are also used by the Rural Electrification Administration which makes tracings from copies of maps furnished for their studies.
In cooperation with the Bureau of the Census, boundary limits around the settled areas of unincorporated urban communities of 800
70
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
or more population have been established by the planning surveys in 29 States. The maps will show these boundaries, which will be used in the 1940 census, making possible, for the first time, census reports for such unincorporated settlements.
Field surveys, which form the basis of the map work, and also an inventory of the present extent and condition of all rural roads have been completed in 43 States, covering an aggregate of 2,748,853 miles In 3 other States, with an estimated road mileage of 133,258, the mileage inventoried to June 30, 1939, was 118,375, leaving only 14,883 to be completed.
The surveys include collection of data on sharp curves, steep grades, sight distances, and banking of road surface on curves, on the primary highways with the location and nature of .critical restrictions. These data are assembled in two groups: (1) Nonmountainous roads having sight distance of less than 1,000 feet, curvature exceeding 6°, grades exceeding 5 percent; (2) mountainous roads having sight distances less than 650 feet, curvature exceeding 14°, grades exceeding 8 percent. These data will reveal critical sections of the highway system requiring early attention and, when correlated with traffic density and accident records, will indicate the priority that should be given projects in improvement programs. Nearly all of the field work and most of the initial tabulations have been completed.
In cooperation with the Association of American Railroads, pertinent facts relating to rural and urban grade crossings are being supplied which will be combined with data from a field inventory of the crossings and traffic counts to arrive at a priority improvement program. Most of the data to be supplied by the railroads have been received and await completion of the urban-crossing inventory. About half the field work has been completed.
Field work on the traffic surveys has been completed by all but 9 States. At 3,237 loadometer and pit-scale weighing stations, the weights of trucks, commodities carried, and other data were recorded for thousands of trucks, tractor-truck semitrailers, and trucks with full trailers. Information on the flow of weight over the highways will be obtained from the loadometer stations, while more detailed and precise data will be obtained at the pit-scale stations to determine loading practices as related to regulation and taxation. Information regarding the weights and dimensions of busses and number of passengers carried is also obtained at these stations. Large-scale traffic maps have been completed for all counties in 7 States, and active work is under way in the preparation of such maps in 15 other States which have submitted advance copies for approval as to form and method. State traffic maps covering the primary road system and important local roads have been completed in final form in 4 States and in preliminary form in 17 other States.
There are now installed 411 automatic traffic-recording machines, recording the number of vehicles passing hourly. The design of these units was originally conceived by the Bureau and later perfected by commercial organizations. Installed at strategically located points, these machines provide a long period record of traffic volume. Completeness of the records permits the determination of characteristic traffic patterns and factors with which to expand short-period counts to annual averages and to show minimum, average, and maximum traffic volumes.
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1939 71
Supplementing these permanently located machines and also making it possible to reduce the number of manual counts, a number of States are now using portable automatic recorders, most of which have been constructed according to plans developed by the Bureau in its studies of motor-vehicle performance.
The financial surveys, which include four closely related studies, consist of the collection and analysis of information regarding the ability of the State to finance the highway program. In the fiscal study, complete data on income, expenditure, and debt of the State and all governmental subdivisions such as counties, townships, municipalities, school districts, and highway districts have been collected for a typical 1-year period. These studies will indicate the importance of highway transactions in comparison with other activities such as general government, education, and public welfare. They will show the present source of highway funds and will indicate where and how these funds are spent.
The road-use studies provide information regarding the relative use of the rural highways and streets by the different classes of motorvehicle owners resident in various rural and urban classifications. Summarization of these data obtained from approximately 650,000 personal interviews with vehicle owners and operators, when correlated with results of the fiscal study, will indicate the relationships existing between contribution to highways and the benefits derived through their use.
The motor-vehicle-allocation study, based on analysis of more than 3,300,000 questionnaires, shows the registered location of motor vehicles and the proportionate amounts of gasoline taxes and license fees paid by residents of cities, towns, and rural areas. This information will be used to determine the amounts that may be anticipated from such sources in the future.
The road-life study consists of an analysis of the life of various types of surfacing and roadway elements on the State highway system. Data from the records of State highway departments form the basis of actuarial studies which will indicate the average service lives that may be expected from the several types of highway surfaces as well as the other elements of the highways such as earthwork, drainage structures, shoulders, bridges, and guardrail. This information, supplemented by analyses of construction and maintenance costs and salvage values, will make possible reliable estimates of the amount and cost of highway replacement and construction that will be required each year in the future. The highway construction and reconstruction program may then be scheduled over a period of time to correspond with funds likely to be available in the future for highway purposes.
Information regarding land uses, present and potential, will be obtained from the Department’s land-use-planning program now under way in most of the States and involving the participation not only of many Federal and State agencies but of farmers as well. This work will provide a classification of the best uses of land by small local areas and will permit highway plans to be more closely correlated with those for agriculture.
72
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
ECONOMICS OF TRANSPORTATION
Shortly after the inception of the highway-planning surveys, the Bureau materially augmented its studies of the economics of transportation. In the planning of highway systems for the Nation, the States, and the individual counties and communities, as must be done in the future, careful consideration should be given to the economic and social activities served and to be served. In determining the extent to which highway transportation is economically sound and defensible it cannot be considered apart from other modes or kinds of transport. The transportation problem as a whole must be carefully studied, utilizing such materials as are available from other official sources, the results of the highway-planning surveys, and other special studies and analyses.
The work on economics of transportation has involved the preparation for use by the cooperating States of tables presenting the essential data on population, agriculture, industry, mining, and trade in each county; tables and maps for division of the States into areas of similar economic characteristics for use in analyzing traffic-count data; percentage factors by counties based on population and economic data to provide the States with a factual basis for equitable allocation of Federal-aid secondary mileage among the counties, and critical analyses from the economic viewpoint of allocation proposals made by the States; and outlines for detailed study of individual counties and county analyses to demonstrate to the States the data available and their use in determining present and probable future road needs.
Studies of truck movement of commodities have been developed from the loadometer data in Franklin County, Ohio, Baltimore, Md., and truck movement to and from ports. A special study has been outlined and put under way on the relation between income and population (changes and trends) and motor-vehicle usage (registration, gasoline consumption, costs, and expenditures).
A detailed continuing study will determine the relation between industrial relocation, decentralization and other industrial changes, and the need and demand for transportation (kinds, amounts, length of haul, costs, rates, etc.). This is an intensive, comparative, and analytical study designed to show the relation between the various modes of transport; the changes in demands on the various transport agencies due to industrial and economic changes and shifts; the influence of changes and improvements in transportation facilities on population, industry, agriculture, trade, and employment; and the relative adequacy of various transportation agencies and how transportation planning may be used as a directive force in industrial development.
An important part of the work has been conferences with other organizations and individuals on transportation problems, recommendations as to additional statistical data needed, and the stimulation of research by others.
SAFETY RESEARCH
Studies in highway safety, initiated under authority of the act of Congress approved June 23, 1936, were practically completed. Although full reports on a number of research projects previously have been transmitted to Congress, several unfinished studies necessitated the continuation of the cooperative research with the Highway
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9 73
Research Board through the year. Final reports on these studies, including particularly an investigation of the validity and utility of driver test clinics for identifying or indicating needed education of the accident-prone motor-vehicle driver, were in preparation at the close of the year.
MAINTENANCE-COST STUDIES
Agreements with the State Highway Departments of Connecticut and New Hampshire, and the Department of Public Works of Rhode Island for a study of highway-maintenance costs in relation to traffic volume were renewed for the fifth year’s work. Traffic records for the fourth consecutive year were obtained for 33 sections of highway in Connecticut, 52 sections in New Hampshire, and 102 sections in Rhode Island. The annual cost of general highway maintenance for various items on each section is being kept by the States and detailed records on traffic are being compiled.
The objective of this study is to determine the maintenance costs for the different types of road, surface in relation to the traffic carried and various other items. Due to nonperiodic or infrequent costs of maintenance incurred, no determinations can be made until the records have been kept for a period of at least 5 years.
HIGHWAY-CAPACITY AND VEHICLE-PERFORMANCE STUDIES
Data collected in the field studies conducted last year in cooperation with the Illinois highway-planning survey and in previous field studies were analyzed and the results published.
Studies of the performance of trucks on highway grades were continued. The studies so far have involved only new trucks, which were given exhaustive tests on two grades located on route U S 40 east of Baltimore. From the results of these tests it is possible to compute accurately the performance of a given vehicle on any given grade. The results will also be used to evaluate other less exhaustive methods of test. These methods include the acceleration method, dynamometer tests, and various performance meters. One of these methods will be selected to test a much larger number of used trucks typical of vehicles in service on the road.
Twenty-two vehicles have been tested thus far. Several manufacturers have furnished the trucks and in most cases the driver, and have also delegated an automotive engineer to inspect the work and offer advice. The Quartermaster Corps of the War Department has made available the facilities of the Holabird Quartermaster Depot, which include a gasoline supply, storage of trucks and equipment, dynamometer laboratory, and machine shop, and the Army automotive engineers have been available for consultation and assistance. The National Bureau of Standards has rendered considerable assistance in a consulting capacity. J. T. Thompson, of Johns Hopkins University, has also acted as consultant, and the university has furnished space and equipment for the analysis of field data. A complete description of the tests and the procedures involved were reported to the Highway Research Board in December 1938 and published in Public Roads, February 1939.
The development of satisfactory equipment for the detailed study of the movement of vehicles and of passing practices has been a difficult problem. These studies are made on a half-mile section of
74 BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
highway and involve the measurement at 50-foot intervals of time and position of vehicles as they travel through the section. A new type of electrical road detector was developed, in which the electric contact is made by the displacement of air in a rubber tube laid across the roadway as a vehicle passes over it. Several miles of telephone and electrical cables were necessary, and six 20-pen time recorders were assembled in units to time and record graphically the impulses received from the road detectors.
Satisfactory field and office procedure has now been worked out in experimental tests, and arrangements have been made with interested State highway departments to cooperate in extensive field work during the coming year. At present, work is under way in Massachusetts and is scheduled in Illinois and Texas.
In the case of the study of lateral placement of vehicles on the highway, a similar development has taken place. Equipment has now been perfected and. consists of a road detector to measure the lateral placement at 1-foot intervals, and a speed meter which records automatically the speed of each vehicle passing. With this equipment it will be possible to determine the lateral position assumed by various types of vehicles traveling at various speeds on tangents, curves, and grades.
An outgrowth of the experimental work on equipment has been the development of a simple and very satisfactory automatic traffic counter which utilizes the pneumatic road detector. An adaptation of the counter has also been made which permits the independent counting of vehicles traveling in each direction. By using a road detector consisting of several units, it is possible to segregate and record, by traffic lanes, vehicles traveling in either direction as well as the total traffic, a development that is particularly useful in city traffic surveys.
NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STREET AND HIGHWAY SAFETY
Active cooperation with the National Conference on Street and Highway Safety was continued. Early in the year the committee on uniform traffic laws and ordinances of the conference met to revise the five acts of the Uniform Vehicle Code and the Model Traffic Ordinances. Extensive changes in acts II and V of the code necessitated printing a new (1939) edition of these two acts.
A meeting was held of the joint committee of the National Conference on Street and Highway Safety and the American Association of State Highway Officials to revise the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways. The recommended changes were published as a supplement to the 1935 edition of the manual.
With the cooperation of the National Bureau of Standards and a prominent manufacturer of pigments, a new supply of color cards was prepared by the Bureau, showing the correct shade of yellow for highway signs as prescribed by the manual. Samples of the color have been furnished to all State highway authorities for use in purchasing standard paints and enamels.
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9 75
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF MOTOR VEHICLE ADMINISTRATORS
With the beginning of the year, the Bureau of Public Roads with the Automotive Safety Foundation and the National Conservation Bureau undertook to cooperate more closely with the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators, in order to promote more effective measures for assuring greater safety on the highways and greater freedom for interstate traffic.
Cooperative work has been specifically directed toward improving motor-vehicle inspection, driver examination, and reciprocity among the States, with respect to drivers’ licenses and registration.
A special group of investigators has been compiling the codes for motor-vehicle investigations and driver examinations, and it is expected that these will be ready for approval of the association and the Bureau following the annual meeting of the association in August.
The general trend toward compulsory motor-vehicle inspection conducted directly under the motor-vehicle administrations of the several States has made it desirable that effective and rapid methods of inspecting great numbers of vehicles be studied and devised, and so far as possible introduced into the several States in order to establish uniformity of requirements in the operation and efficiency of vehicles.
It is likewise desirable that more exacting requirements be adopted in the examination of drivers before granting permits to operate cars, and that these examinations be standardized and so far as possible made uniform with respect to methods and ratings in the tests of driver proficiency.
Both of these studies are fundamental to the development of the desired reciprocity among the several States with respect to the operation of motor vehicles.
In connection with the studies carried on to determine adequate methods of vehicle inspection, the Bureau and the association cooperated with the Society of Automotive Engineers in a series of brake tests which promise to be of great importance not only for the purpose of inspection of cars but in future brake design.
During the year, the Bureau took an active part in three of the four regional meetings of the association and intends to continue cooperating during the forthcoming fiscal year.
STATISTICAL RESEARCH ON ESTIMATING HIGHWAY-TRAFFIC VOLUME
As additional data on highway-traffic volume have become available from the highway-planning surveys, research on principles and methods of estimating traffic volume from short-time counts has been extended in several directions. The work is of importance because of the necessity of preparing traffic-flow maps for a great mileage of highway which must be based on many traffic counts. The duration and frequency of the counts should be held to the lowest practical minimum as a matter of economy.
A report on dispersion of highway traffic by time periods was made to the Highway Research Board, extending the analysis to hours of the day, days of the week, and months of the year, for the entire period of a year in each case. Study was also made of the variation in traffic by hours of the day for each month.
76
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
Traffic counts on 25 legs of 14 trunk-line crossings in Michigan, chosen as representative of traffic variation in that typical industrial State, are now being analyzed and studied. Counts by hours for a period of 1 year have been tabulated and are being analyzed. Extensive use of tabulating machines is making possible a thorough analysis of a large mass of data.
The problem of estimating traffic volume at low cost and with sufficient precision is now being attacked with a larger number of continuous counts from, a wider selection of typical stations. There are now available continuous counts at 3 stations in Maryland on local, county, and State highways by periods of 5 minutes for an entire year. These data will make it possible to determine the shortest count that may be safely used in estimating traffic. The 315,360 counts of 5-minute periods at the 3 stations were obtained with automatic traffic counters, and the analysis is being made almost entirely by mechanical means.
RAILROAD-ABANDONMENT STUDIES
The examination of dockets and reports in the files of the Interstate Commerce Commission covering the abandonment of railroad lines throughout the country was completed, and the abstracting of currently issued abandonment reports was kept up to date.
The data abstracted from the dockets and reports were largely assembled by States, tabulated, mapped, and in general prepared for the use of this Bureau and State highway officials in studying the abandonment of railroad lines. As of June 30, 1939, 1,275 abandonment cases had been examined since the inception of these studies, involving, 18,847 miles of railroad.
Beginning in March 1939, advance information concerning proposed railroad abandonment has been sent promptly to district engineers of the Bureau, upon the filing of abandonment applications with the Interstate Commerce Commission, thus assisting the field representatives of the Bureau in their consideration of requirements at grade crossings for signal devices or structural changes. Subsequently, uniformly arranged abstracts of the Commission’s reports have also been sent the district engineers when abandonments have been allowed.
The same advance information has been supplied to State highway officials to aid in present planning activities, and to encourage their study of the causes for and effects of changing railroad patterns as they bear on the whole transportation problem, and the demand for highway transport.
PHYSICAL RESEARCH
Previous annual reports have mentioned the new laboratories on the Mount Vernon Memorial Highway near Washington, where the physical research work of the Bureau is to be conducted. The buildings have been completed and the installation of laboratory equipment and furniture was well under way at the close of the year. The activities of the Bureau at the Arlington Experiment Farm of the Department will be, transferred to the new research station in the near future. The improved facilities for conducting a continuing research program and the assurance of a permanent location for field tests place this work on a much more satisfactory basis.
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 39 77
SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION
Study of various applications of the electrical resistivity and seismic methods of subsurface exploration to highway problems has been continued. A number of minor changes and improvements have been made in the seismic equipment tending to simplify electrical circuits, reduce weight, and better the performance.
In May 1939, in cooperation with the highway department of Iowa, a rather extensive investigation was made to determine the value of both the resistivity and the seismic methods of exploration for locating rock formations and gravel deposits as sources of road-building material. While the results of this survey will not be definitely known until more excavations are made at the places tested, the present indication is that both methods are useful in locating materials.
Several other Federal agencies are now making shallow explorations by the seismic method, essentially as developed by the Bureau, and the experience with it seems to be generally favorable. It is particularly adapted to reconnaissance surveys, and its use results in a great saving of both time and expense.
MOTOR-VEHICLE-IMPACT INVESTIGATIONS
Study of the relative elastic properties of concrete when subjected to comparable static and impact forces, applied by a vehicle wheel, has been actively pursued throughout the year. The special pendulum-type testing machine, described in the report for last year, and other equipment designed and built for this purpose have functioned well. This research is developing data of a fundamental character and the work is necessarily of a slow and painstaking nature. It constitutes an important part of a broad program of research, the aim of which is to rationalize the structural design of concrete pavements.
The data obtained are of sufficient scope to justify the issuing of a progress report at an early date.
MEASUREMENT OF ROAD-SURFACE ROUGHNESS
The degree of road-surface roughness is one of the major factors that determine the magnitude of the impact forces developed by motor vehicles.
This research has for its object the development of apparatus, instruments, and testing technique for quickly and reliably establishing an index of roughness for any road surface. There has been no universally accepted method for measuring the roughness of road surfaces in spite of the generally recognized need for such measurement.
The equipment that has been developed by the Bureau shows evidence of having reached a satisfactory state of development. However, thorough field trials remain to be made before it can be stated definitely that this equipment is ready to be offered for general use.
EROSION TEST FOR COATED CULVERT PIPE
The study of the erosion test for determining the quality of the bituminous coatings used on corrugated-metal culvert pipe has been continued. Experiments with both full-weight and reduced-weight erosive charges of cement-mortar cubes have been completed.
All data obtained, both in the cooperative check tests mentioned in previous annual reports and in the subsequent tests made by the Bureau, have been assembled and analyzed, and a report prepared.
78
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
The data indicate certain inherent deficiencies in the present method of test. The use of cement-mortar cubes appears to result in more consistent data than are obtained with other materials but does not overcome other undesirable characteristics of the test.
STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS
Work in this field of investigation has been continued along the lines described in previous annual reports. A more detailed study of the structural action of pavement slab corners has been found necessary. Because of climatic conditions, the work had to be done during the early summer months. It involved extensive strain measurements to determine the direction of critical stresses. A report on this special study is scheduled for the coming fiscal year, following the completion of the fifth report of the original series, mentioned in previous annual reports.
The supplementary study of dowel plate joints, mentioned in the last annual report, has been continued whenever favorable weather conditions obtained, and a considerable amount of valuable data has been accumulated.
An analysis has been made of the data obtained in the condition survey of the older concrete pavements in Michigan, a survey made in cooperation with the Michigan State Highway Department last year. The pavements examined ranged in age from 3 to 20 years, and their selection was based on the presence of factors, such as subgrade type, which might be expected to influence the pavement condition. The detailed data covering the history and present condition of 46 miles of selected pavement have been studied and analyzed, and a report is being prepared.
The construction of an experimental pavement in Indiana, in cooperation with the State Highway Commission, mentioned in the last annual report, was completed during October 1938. The purpose of this research project is to determine the desirability and economy of introducing longitudinal steel reinforcement to permit an increase in the length of concrete-pavement slabs. The slabs constructed in the experimental pavement range in length from 10 to 1,320 feet and the steel reinforcement varies correspondingly from a light welded fabric to an exceedingly heavy bar construction. The behavior of the different sections under the normal traffic conditions on a transcontinental highway and the climate of central Indiana will be observed in periodic surveys in which detailed measurements will be made on certain selected sections. Two sets of observations have been made. It is expected that a preliminary descriptive report of this project will be prepared for publication during the coming year.
STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF NONRIGID PAVEMENTS
Work on the complex problem of the structural design of nonrigid pavements has been directed principally toward the development of instruments for measuring the effect of static and moving loads upon plastic materials such as compose pavements of the so-called flexible type. Several different types of pressure-recording devices have been built and their characteristics studied. It is expected that the development of apparatus will be continued and that both field and laboratory experiments in pressure measurement will be started in the near future.
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTAIENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9 79
INVESTIGATION OF THE FATIGUE STRENGTH OF ARC-WELDED JOINTS
In investigating the fatigue strength of arc-welded joints the Bureau has been cooperating with the University of Illinois, the American Welding Society, and the welding research committee of the Engineering Foundation.
Engineers in this country have been slow to adopt the practice of welding in fabricating steel highway bridges because they have been uncertain about the behavior of welded connections, particularly when subjected to fatigue caused by alternating or pulsating stresses as occur in bridges. Because of this uncertainty, engineers have not taken advantage of the inherent economy in the use of welded structures.
A laboratory study of the fatigue strength of full-size welded connections is being made, and the results will be used to establish methods of design that will assure safe welded bridges.
A program of testing was drawn up by a committee representing the various interested parties, and testing at the laboratory of the University of Illinois has proceeded during the year. Significant results have already been obtained, and these results will be made available to engineers through publication in bulletins of the university.
This investigation will have a direct effect on future practice in bridge design and construction.
INVESTIGATION OF BRIDGE FLOORS
The investigation of bridge floors is being conducted cooperatively by the Bureau, the Illinois Division of Highways, and the University of Illinois.
In the past empirical rules have been used in designing highway bridge floors because of the lack of any rational method of analysis of stresses in floor systems. These rules are based upon very limited investigations and therefore many questionable assumptions have to be made in applying them. Uncertainties have been provided for by designs that may be overly conservative and which unnecessarily add to the cost of the structure.
Several years ago the Bureau made a start in the rationalization of the design of bridge floors by making an extended mathematical analysis of the simplest case—wide concrete slab simply supported on rigid supports and subjected to wheel loads. This has permitted a somewhat greater accuracy in the design of floors. However, the conditions in most floors do not correspond closely to the assumptions in this case. In order to arrive at a complete solution of the problem it is necessary to make theoretical analyses of the types of floor in use and then verify these analyses by experimenting with actual floors under load.
The cooperative work was begun in 1936. Theoretical analyses have been made of numerous designs of floors, and the results of these studies are now available in bulletins of the University of Illinois. The results of tests on small-scale plaster models and on one full-size bridge floor have also been published in bulletins of the university. Additional tests on full-size floors are now in progress.
The results of this investigation will have direct application to practically all modern highway bridges and to many other structural-design problems and will lead to more satisfactory structures.
80
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
INVESTIGATION OF SUPPORTING STRENGTH OF FLEXIBLE CULVERT PIPE IN EARTH EMBANKMENTS
The cooperative culvert investigation by the Bureau and the Iowa Engineering Experiment Station was continued. Observations of pipe deformations and fill settlements were made on culverts that had been constructed during the previous year. A theory of the action of flexible pipes in fills has been developed at the experiment station and comparisons between this theory and the actual behavior of pipe are being made. The purpose of the investigation is to establish, for various conditions of installation, numerical factors that must be considered in determining the strength of pipe required. Because of the large quantity of culvert pipe used in highway work, this investigation will have a direct value in the economical design of highways.
PORTLAND CEMENT
Much interest has recently been aroused among cement technicians regarding the possible effect on durability of adding small quantities of certain substances to portland cement during the manufacturing process. These materials, known as grinding aids, are used primarily to assist in the grinding of the clinker, and it is only recently that attention has been called to the possible effect of such additions on the quality of the cement. Some observers have felt that the beneficial effect of using a blend of portland and natural cement, such as was used in New York and to which reference was made in last year’s report, may have been due to a grinding aid used in the natural cement. They believe that portland cement containing a suitable grinding aid would have produced the same results without the use of natural cement. Others believe that the improvement was due to the addition of the natural cement, as such, and that the same results would have been secured had the natural cement contained no foreign material. The various agencies interested in this problem are now cooperating in a series of laboratory and field investigations in an effort to develop the facts. Experimental roads containing cements with and without grinding aids have been constructed in four States, while in the laboratory tests are under way to determine in just what respects the physical characteristics of portland cement are affected by the presence of such substances.
There is a definite feeling on the part of many engineers that some of the troubles with concrete which have recently occurred may be due, in part at least, to a lack of durability in the cement. These engineers are firmly convinced that the so-called old-fashioned cement, which contained less lime than the average modern cement, produced a more durable concrete. Partly in recognition of this possibility, the cement manufacturers recently proposed an accelerated soundness test for cement known as the autoclave test. This test is supposed to insure cement entirely free from the so-called delayed unsoundness to which some of the concrete-road failures have been attributed. An investigation of this test has been under way in the laboratory for over a year. This work includes the testing of cements now being used in road construction, the place of use of the cement represented by each sample being noted in order that the results of the tests may later be correlated with service behavior.
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTAIENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1939 81
MASONRY CEMENT
The efflorescence that is frequently observed on the surface of masonry walls, while not serious structurally, is objectionable from the standpoint of appearance. A study was begun last year in an effort to determine whether there is a relation between tendency toward efflorescence and the type of cement used, and also whether it is possible to control efflorescence through the use of certain chemicals that preliminary laboratory tests have shown to be effective. A 30-panel brick wall has been erected, using masonry mortars prepared with different brands of cement with and without the addition of the so-called efflorescence-retarding chemicals. Results of this study should be available during the current year.
AGGREGATES
Investigation of the Los Angeles abrasion test and the various procedures for determining soundness of aggregates are being continued. The possibility of modifying the Los Angeles test so that any size material may be tested is being studied. At present only the 1%- to %-inch size can be tested, a disadvantage in the case of materials that are nonuniform in quality. The tests comparing the results of the Los Angeles test with the action of a 10-ton road roller, referred to in last year’s report, have been completed, and a report is being prepared for publication.
CONCRETE
The program of tests begun several years ago, that had for its object the development of a satisfactory laboratory test for rating the efficiency of materials used for curing concrete, was partly completed, and a paper was published describing the procedure as well as reporting the results obtained with a large number of materials.
An extensive series of tests was initiated for the purpose of studying the volume-change characteristics of concrete. Experience in certain States has indicated a marked difference in service behavior of concrete roads that apparently is related in some way to the aggregates used. Failure is usually manifested by excessive expansion of the concrete after a few years’ service. The tests are for the purpose of determining whether the tendency to excessive volume change is due to the nature or grading of the aggregate or to both. In all cases the materials meet the specification requirements now in force so that this study is of fundamental importance.
PAVING BRICK
The need for further information regarding the significance of tests for paving brick resulted in the construction last year of an experimental brick road in Ohio, in which brick from every plant in the State were used. This is a cooperative project, the Ohio State Highway Department, the National Paving Brick Association, and the Bureau participating. A complete series of tests, including many special tests not now used in specifications, is being made by each cooperating agency. The results will be compared later with the behavior of the pavement under traffic.
82
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
BITUMINOUS ROAD MATERIALS
As in previous years, investigations have been continued to determine the significant properties of bituminous materials and aggregates for bituminous road surfaces and to correlate these properties with their service behavior. Laboratory tests were made on materials for (1) compliance with given specifications governing the construction of certain roads, (2) standardization of test methods in cooperation with State highway departments and other technical organizations, (3) the modification and development of specification requirements, and (4) the determination of the suitability of new materials or new combinations of materials for use under various conditions. Periodic observations of selected sections of road, in which materials of known characteristics have been used, serve to correlate the results of laboratory tests with the actual service performance of these materials.
Investigations designed to verify accepted theories or to develop additional information on bituminous materials and mixtures are being carried on alone or in cooperation with the State highway departments and committees of technical organizations. Recent cooperative efforts have led to suggested changes in the grades of liquid asphaltic road materials of the medium-curing and rapid-curing types and in the specification requirements for the different grades, that will result in technical improvements.
Laboratory investigations of the physical and chemical properties of asphaltic materials, tars, and emulsions, and the behavior of surfacings containing them must be made continuously for informational purposes. These studies are always necessary because of the development of new sources of supply, changes in refining methods, and the introduction of new paving mixtures.
A very important phase of this work has been the recent laboratory examination of 40 asphalt cements of the 2 grades, 50-60 and 85-100 penetration, from representative refineries using both domestic and foreign crude petroleums. The test data have been assembled in a report for publication. The examination of the materials included not only tests commonly used in standard specifications but also many special tests that have been proposed. The results of this study indicate that the adoption of certain of the proposed tests would restrict the available supply of asphalt to a great degree by eliminating many asphalts that have given satisfactory service under severe traffic and climatic conditions.
Research on the behavior of bituminous materials under laboratory tests designed to produce accelerated weathering have been continued by exposing both the bituminous materials and aggregate containing them to the light, heat, and moisture conditions of a special accelerated weathering device. The possibilities of specifying the required behavior of films of bituminous materials of microscopic thickness are being studied.
Research on bituminous mixtures to determine their probable behavior under actual traffic has continued. Accelerated traffic tests on a small circular track and many of the mechanical strength tests have been employed to study the characteristics of bituminous surfacing mixtures and bituminous stabilized-base courses. Although bituminous materials have been used successfully in stabilized-base
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 39 83 construction, more exact information is needed as to the type and quantity of material required for given conditions, methods of incorporating the binder, and the details of laying and compacting the mixture.
Experiments with cotton fabric in highway construction are being continued. .Fabric is being used as reinforcement in bituminous road surfaces, as reinforcement in bituminous ditch linings and spillways, and for the temporary protection of the seeded slopes of cuts and fills. A great deal of experimental work has been done with cotton fabric in bituminous surfacing. Twenty-four States, using fabric furnished by the Department of Agriculture, have reported the construction of 127 projects representing more than 350 miles of fabric-reinforced roads. These include various types of surfaces such as surface treatment, penetration, plant mix, and road mix. Reports are being received on the construction, maintenance requirements, and service behavior. Inspections were made of 81 projects in 15 States and included practically all types of bituminous surfacing in which fabric has been used.
Among these are the four special cooperative experiments constructed in Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee, which have received and are receiving more detailed study than is usually given to routine projects. These, as well as the other test sections, will be observed as long as required to establish definitely the economic worth of fabric thus used.
The laboratory study of asphalt cements that has been conducted cooperatively with the Minnesota State Highway Department and the University of Minnesota has been completed and a report prepared for publication.
SUBGRADE INVESTIGATIONS
Soil studies were continued along the lines described in former reports. They consisted of studies of laboratory test methods, studies of low-cost road surfaces placed on small tracks and subjected to destructive forces similar to those of traffic and nature, observations of experimental roads and embankments constructed in cooperation with the various State highway departments, and surveys of roads constructed of low-cost materials.
The Bureau’s tests for determining the grading, plasticity, and related properties of soil indicative of the stability have been adopted as standard methods of test by the American Association of State Highway Officials and the American Society for Testing Materials. The demand from other laboratories for standard samples for use in making check tests to improve their technique and apparatus has continued.
Investigation was made of new apparatus for determining particlesize distribution of fine-grain soils. The apparatus utilizes a new principle of dispersion that eliminates objectionable features of the mechanical method now in use. Photomicrographic studies of the structure and formation of soil in its natural state and the effect of moisture content and admixtures on the soil fabric were begun. The research on the microchemical analysis of soil solutions reported last year has progressed and quantitative chemical analyses by spectrographic methods has received consideration.
84
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
A world-wide survey of soil-testing apparatus made in cooperation with the Highway Research Board contributed materially to the Bureau’s progress in the soil-testing field.
Tests for the control of embankment and stabilized-soil road construction attained the status of standard methods, and correlation of the compaction characteristics with the structural properties of soil was begun. Satisfactory devices were developed for making direct shear and stabilometer tests and simplified procedures were developed for determining permeability and capillarity which disclose drainage characteristics and the possibility of frost heave of soil.
In. the realm of soil mechanics, analyses utilizing the theories of elasticity and of plastic equilibrium were simplified to facilitate their practical application to the problems of highway construction. Reports of this work previously published were supplemented by one on the design of abutments and retaining walls and another on the considerations involved in the construction of embankments on soft undersoils. To facilitate the correlation of theory, field observations and laboratory-test data in relation to such problems, the work is to be extended to include studies of stress distribution by means of photoelastic equipment and models constructed with differently colored layers of earth.
To meet the urgent need for information on the moot question of the relative effect of surface tension exerted externally, and of colloidal phenomena acting within, on volume change, compressibility, com-pactibility, and stability of stressed earth masses at different moisture contents, the performance of soil and water mixtures was compared with that of the same soil mixed with other liquids that have greater and less surface tensions than water. Studies of the permeability of soil-bentonite mixtures made in cooperation with the United States Forest Service were continued.
In the field of soil stabilization, efforts were devoted to studies of special local materials, construction methods, tests for bituminous-and cement-stabilized soil, and the preparation of specifications.
Among the local, materials studied with special reference to their suitability for use in base courses were the volcanic ash deposits of Arizona, certain topsoils in the Southern States, and crusher-run aggregates.
The experimental embankments, referred to in last year’s report, have been constructed in Ohio and Indiana, and observations are being made of the performance of sections constructed by different methods.
. Comparison of data furnished by the circular track tests, mentioned in last year’s report, with road performance has demonstrated the value of the tests for determining quickly and at relatively small expense the serviceability of road-building 'materials. These track tests have been found to be an excellent tool in determining which laboratory tests, out of the many suggested, disclose most accurately the information required in. the construction of stabilized-soil roads. Among the materials investigated by track tests are various mixtures of. sand-clay, sand-clay-gravel, and crusher-run aggregates, with and without treatment with deliquescent chemicals, and soils of different types with admixtures of portland cement and the various types of bituminous binders.
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 19 3 9 85
Specifications for stabilized road surfaces, base courses, and embankments, based on the Bureau research in cooperation with the several State highway departments, have been adopted as standards of construction by the American Association of State Highway Officials and are being considered by the American Society for Testing Materials.
To provide adequate control of the construction of stabilized-soil surfaces, portable trailer laboratories fully equipped for the making of desired soil tests have been developed and will be placed in the field.
Courses of instruction in soil surveying and sampling, soil testing, and soil mechanics were held in the Western States during the winter months. Seven 1-week courses were presented. Included in the attendance at both day and night sessions were approximately 500 representatives of Federal bureaus, State highway departments, and universities.
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1939
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C.
Price 10 cents