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<GovernmentManual>
  <accessId>GOVMAN-2014-10-06-079</accessId>
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    <Category>Legislative Branch</Category>
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    <AgencyName>Congressional Budget Office</AgencyName>
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        <ShowFootNote>Yes</ShowFootNote>
        <ShowHeader>Yes</ShowHeader>
        <ShowHeaderParagraph>Yes</ShowHeaderParagraph>
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        <ShowTitleColumnHeader>Yes</ShowTitleColumnHeader>
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        <LeaderShipTableValues>
          <Values EntityLeadershipTableValuesId="385" SortOrder="1">
            <NameColumnValue>Douglas W. Elmendorf</NameColumnValue>
            <TitleColumnValue>Director</TitleColumnValue>
          </Values>
          <Values EntityLeadershipTableValuesId="386" SortOrder="2">
            <NameColumnValue>Robert A. Sunshine</NameColumnValue>
            <TitleColumnValue>Deputy Director</TitleColumnValue>
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          <Values EntityLeadershipTableValuesId="387" SortOrder="3">
            <NameColumnValue>Deborah Kilroe</NameColumnValue>
            <TitleColumnValue>Associate Director for Communications</TitleColumnValue>
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          <Values EntityLeadershipTableValuesId="388" SortOrder="4">
            <NameColumnValue>Jeffrey Kling</NameColumnValue>
            <TitleColumnValue>Associate Director for Economic Analysis</TitleColumnValue>
          </Values>
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            <NameColumnValue>Edward Davis</NameColumnValue>
            <TitleColumnValue>Associate Director for Legislative Affairs</TitleColumnValue>
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            <NameColumnValue>Mark P. Hadley</NameColumnValue>
            <TitleColumnValue>General Counsel</TitleColumnValue>
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          <Values EntityLeadershipTableValuesId="392" SortOrder="7">
            <NameColumnValue>Peter H. Fontaine</NameColumnValue>
            <TitleColumnValue>Assistant Director for Budget Analysis</TitleColumnValue>
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            <NameColumnValue>Damien Moore</NameColumnValue>
            <TitleColumnValue>Assistant Director for Financial Analysis</TitleColumnValue>
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          <Values EntityLeadershipTableValuesId="394" SortOrder="9">
            <NameColumnValue>Linda Bilheimer</NameColumnValue>
            <TitleColumnValue>Assistant Director for Health, Retirement, and Long-Term Analysis</TitleColumnValue>
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          <Values EntityLeadershipTableValuesId="395" SortOrder="10">
            <NameColumnValue>Wendy Edelberg</NameColumnValue>
            <TitleColumnValue>Assistant Director for Macroeconomic Analysis</TitleColumnValue>
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          <Values EntityLeadershipTableValuesId="396" SortOrder="11">
            <NameColumnValue>Joseph E. Evans, Jr.</NameColumnValue>
            <TitleColumnValue>Chief Administrative Officer for Management, Business, and Information Services</TitleColumnValue>
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          <Values EntityLeadershipTableValuesId="397" SortOrder="12">
            <NameColumnValue>Joseph Kile</NameColumnValue>
            <TitleColumnValue>Assistant Director for Microeconomic Studies</TitleColumnValue>
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            <NameColumnValue>David Mosher</NameColumnValue>
            <TitleColumnValue>Assistant Director for National Security</TitleColumnValue>
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            <NameColumnValue>David Weiner</NameColumnValue>
            <TitleColumnValue>Assistant Director for Tax Analysis</TitleColumnValue>
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    <MissionStatement>
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        <Paragraph MissionStatmentId="98" SortOrder="1">The Congressional Budget Office produces independent analyses of budgetary and economic issues to support the congressional budget process.</Paragraph>
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          <Footer/>
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    </MissionStatement>
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    <ProgramAndActivities>
      <ProgramAndActivity ProgramAndActivitiesId="244" SortOrder="1">
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        <PointOfContact/>
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              <Heading/>
              <Paragraph>The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) was established by the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 601), which also created a procedure by which the Congress considers and acts upon the annual Federal budget. This process enables the Congress to have an overview of the Federal budget and to make overall decisions regarding spending and taxing levels and the deficit or surplus these levels incur.</Paragraph>
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      </ProgramAndActivity>
      <ProgramAndActivity ProgramAndActivitiesId="245" SortOrder="2">
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          <Email/>
          <Footer/>
          <WebAddress/>
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        <PointOfContact/>
        <ProgramName>Activities</ProgramName>
        <Activity ProgramAndActivitiesId="515" SortOrder="1">
          <Heading/>
          <Details>
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                <WebAddress/>
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              <Paragraph>The CBO assists the congressional budget committees with drafting and enforcing the annual budget resolution, which serves as a blueprint for total levels of Government spending and revenues in a fiscal year. Once completed, the budget resolution guides the action of other congressional committees in drafting subsequent spending and revenue legislation within their jurisdiction.</Paragraph>
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              <Paragraph>To support this process, the CBO makes budgetary and economic projections, analyzes the proposals set forth in the President's budget request, and details alternative spending and revenue options for lawmakers to consider. The CBO also provides cost estimates of bills approved by congressional committees and tracks the progress of spending and revenue legislation in a scorekeeping system. The CBO's cost estimates and scorekeeping system help the budget committees determine whether the budgetary effects of individual proposals are consistent with the most recent spending and revenue targets.</Paragraph>
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                <Email/>
                <Footer/>
                <WebAddress/>
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              <Paragraph>Upon congressional request, the CBO also produces reports analyzing specific policy and program issues that are significant for the budget. In keeping with the agency's nonpartisan role, its analyses do not present policy recommendations and routinely disclose their underlying assumptions and methods.  This open and nonpartisan stance has been instrumental in preserving the credibility of the agency's analyses.</Paragraph>
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          <Heading>Baseline Budget Projections and Economic Forecasts</Heading>
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                <Email/>
                <Footer/>
                <WebAddress/>
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              <Paragraph>Each year, the CBO issues reports on the budget and economic outlook that cover the 10-year period used in the congressional budget process. Those reports present and explain the CBO’s baseline budget projections and economic forecast, which are generally based on current law regarding Federal spending and revenues. The reports also describe the differences between the current projections and previous ones, compare the economic forecast with those of other forecasters, and show the budgetary impact of some alternative policy assumptions.</Paragraph>
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          <Heading>Analysis of the President's Budget</Heading>
          <Details>
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                <Email/>
                <Footer/>
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              <Paragraph>The CBO estimates the budgetary impact of the proposals in the President’s budget using its own economic forecast and assumptions. The CBO’s independent reestimate allows Congress to compare the administration’s spending and revenue proposals with CBO’s baseline projections and other proposals using a consistent set of economic and technical assumptions.</Paragraph>
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          <Heading>Cost Estimates for Bills</Heading>
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                <Footer/>
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              <Paragraph>The CBO provides cost estimates of every bill to show how it would affect spending or revenues over the next 5 or 10 years, depending on the type of spending involved. The CBO also provides informal estimates at the committee level and other stages in the legislative process.</Paragraph>
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          </Details>
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          <Heading>Scorekeeping</Heading>
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                <Footer/>
                <WebAddress/>
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              <Paragraph>The CBO provides the budget and appropriations committees with frequent tabulations of congressional action affecting spending and revenues. Those scorekeeping reports provide information about whether legislative actions are consistent with the spending and revenue levels set by the budget resolution.</Paragraph>
            </Detail>
          </Details>
        </Activity>
        <Activity ProgramAndActivitiesId="520" SortOrder="6">
          <Heading>Federal Mandates</Heading>
          <Details>
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                <Footer/>
                <WebAddress/>
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              <Paragraph>As required by the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995, the CBO analyzes the costs that proposed legislation would impose on State, local, and tribal governments and on the private sector. The CBO produces mandate statements with its cost estimates for each committee-approved bill.</Paragraph>
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          <Heading>Budgetary and Economic Policy Issues</Heading>
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              <Paragraph>Additionally, the CBO analyzes specific program and policy issues that affect the Federal budget and the economy. Generally, requests for these analyses come from the chairman or ranking minority member of a committee or subcommittee or from the leadership of either party in the House or Senate.</Paragraph>
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    <SourceOfInformationDetails/>
    <FooterDetails>
      <Footer>For further information, contact the Management, Business, and Information Services Division, Congressional Budget Office, Second and D Streets SW., Washington, DC 20515. Phone, 202-226-2600. Fax, 202-226-2714.</Footer>
      <Email/>
      <WebAddress>http://www.cbo.gov</WebAddress>
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