[United States Government Manual] [June 02, 1998] [Pages 328-366] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov][[Page 328]] DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Tenth Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530 Phone, 202-514-2000. Internet, http://www.usdoj.gov/. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL Janet Reno Chief of Staff John M. Hogan Deputy Chief of Staff Kent Markus Confidential Assistant to the Bessie L. Meadows Attorney General Assistants to the Attorney General Sidney Espinosa, Wilfredo A. Ferrer, David Jones, Cheryl L. Montgomery, Thomas J. Perrelli, E. Kinney Zalesne Deputy Attorney General Eric H. Holder, Jr. Confidential Assistant Annie Bradley Principal Associate Deputy Attorney Robert S. Litt General Chief of Staff Kevin A. Ohlson Associate Deputy Attorneys General Paul J. Fishman, Marshall Jarrett, David Margolis, Eileen Mayer, Roslyn A. Mazer, Jonathan Schwartz, Robert M. Wilkinson Counsels to the Deputy Attorney John Bentivoglio, General Craig Iscoe Special Assistants to the Deputy Bernard Delia, Lisa Attorney General Winston Director, Executive Office for Daniel S. Seikaly National Security Deputy Director/Associate Deputy Michael A. Vatis Attorney General Counsel for National Affairs James A. McAtamney Associate Attorney General Raymond C. Fisher Confidential Assistant Jayne Schreiber Deputy Associate Attorneys General Francis M. Allegra, John Dwyer, Richard Jerome, Reginald Robinson, Lewis Anthony Sutin, Michael Small Assistant Associate Attorney General Kenneth Chernof Senior Counsel, Office of Peter R. Steenland, Alternative Dispute Jr. Resolution Solicitor General Seth P. Waxman, Acting Inspector General Michael Bromwich Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Dawn Johnsen, Acting Counsel Assistant Attorney General, Office of Andrew Fois Legislative Affairs Assistant Attorney General, Office of Policy Eleanor D. Acheson Development Assistant Attorney General for Administration Stephen R. Colgate Assistant Attorney General, Antitrust Division Joel I. Klein [[Page 329]] Assistant Attorney General, Civil Division Frank W. Hunger Assistant Attorney General, Civil Rights Bill Lann Lee, Acting Division Assistant Attorney General, Criminal Division John C. Keeney, Acting Assistant Attorney General, Environment and Lois J. Schiffer Natural Resources Division Assistant Attorney General, Tax Division Loretta C. Argrett Assistant Attorney General, Office of Justice Laurie Robinson Programs Director, Office of Public Affairs Bert Brandenburg Directors, Office of Information and Privacy Richard L. Huff, Daniel J. Metcalfe Director, Office of Intergovernmental Affairs Nicholas M. Gess Director, Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys Carol DiBattiste Director, Bureau of Prisons Kathleen M. Hawk Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation Louis J. Freeh Director, United States Marshals Service Eduardo Gonzalez Director, Executive Office for Immigration Anthony C. Moscato Review Director, Executive Office for United States Joseph Patchan Trustees Director, Community Relations Service Rose Ochi Director, Community Oriented Policing Services Joseph Brann Administrator, Drug Enforcement Administration Thomas A. Constantine Commissioner, Immigration and Naturalization Doris Meissner Service Chairman, United States Parole Commission Michael Gaines Chairman, Foreign Claims Settlement Commission Delissa A. Ridgway Chief, INTERPOL-U.S. National Central Bureau James Christensen, Acting Counsel, Office of Intelligence Policy and Gerald E. Schroeder, Review Acting Counsel, Office of Professional Responsibility Michael E. Shaheen, Jr. Pardon Attorney Roger C. Adams, Acting [For the Department of Justice statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 28, Chapter I, Part 0] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ As the largest law firm in the Nation, the Department of Justice serves as counsel for its citizens. It represents them in enforcing the law in the public interest. Through its thousands of lawyers, investigators, and agents, the Department plays the key role in protection against criminals and subversion, in ensuring healthy competition of business in our free enterprise system, in safeguarding the consumer, and in enforcing drug, immigration, and naturalization laws. The Department also plays a significant role in protecting citizens through its efforts for effective law enforcement, crime prevention, crime detection, and prosecution and rehabilitation of offenders. Moreover, the Department conducts all suits in the Supreme Court in which the United States is concerned. It represents the Government in legal matters generally, rendering legal advice and opinions, upon request, to the President and to the heads of the executive departments. The Attorney General supervises and directs these activities, as well as those of the U.S. attorneys and U.S. marshals in the various judicial districts around the country. [[Page 330]] [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] T177653.025 [[Page 331]] The Department of Justice was established by act of June 22, 1870, as amended (28 U.S.C. 501, 503, 509 note), with the Attorney General as its head. Prior to 1870 the Attorney General was a member of the President's Cabinet, but not the head of a department, the office having been created under authority of act of September 24, 1789, as amended (28 U.S.C. 503). The affairs and activities of the Department of Justice are generally directed by the Attorney General. The offices, divisions, bureaus, and boards of the Department follow. Offices Attorney General The Attorney General, as head of the Department of Justice and chief law enforcement officer of the Federal Government, represents the United States in legal matters generally and gives advice and opinions to the President and to the heads of the executive departments of the Government when so requested. The Attorney General appears in person to represent the Government before the U.S. Supreme Court in cases of exceptional gravity or importance. The Office of the Attorney General oversees the Offices of Deputy Attorney General, Associate Attorneys General, Legal Counsel, and Inspector General, as well as the following offices whose public purposes are widely applied. Solicitor General The Solicitor General represents the U.S. Government in cases before the Supreme Court. He decides what cases the Government should ask the Supreme Court to review and what position the Government should take in cases before the Court. Also, he supervises the preparation of the Government's Supreme Court briefs and other legal documents and the conduct of the oral arguments in the Court. He or his staff argue most of the Government's cases in the Supreme Court. The Solicitor General's duties also include deciding whether the United States should appeal in all cases it loses before the lower courts. Legal Counsel The Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Office of Legal Counsel assists the Attorney General in fulfilling the Attorney General's function as legal adviser to the President and all the executive branch agencies. The Office drafts legal opinions of the Attorney General rendered in response to requests from the President and heads of the executive departments. It also provides its own written opinions and informal advice in response to requests from the various agencies of the Government, as well as offices within the Department and from Presidential staff and advisers, typically dealing with legal issues involving agency disagreements or with pending legislation. The Office also is responsible for providing legal advice to the executive branch on all constitutional questions. All Executive orders and proclamations proposed to be issued by the President are reviewed by the Office of Legal Counsel for form and legality, as are various other matters that require the President's formal approval. In addition, the Office of Legal Counsel functions as general counsel for the Department. It reviews all proposed orders of the Attorney General and all regulations requiring the Attorney General's approval. The Office coordinates the work of the Department with respect to treaties, executive agreements, and international organizations. It performs a variety of special assignments referred by the Attorney General or the Deputy Attorney General. However, it is not authorized to give legal advice to private persons. Information and Privacy The Office of Information and Privacy (OIP) operates under the supervision of a Director, who manages the Department's responsibilities related to the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and the Privacy [[Page 332]] Act. These responsibilities include coordinating policy development and compliance Governmentwide for FOIA, and by the Department for the Privacy Act; and adjudicating all appeals from denials by any Department component of access to information under those acts. OIP also processes all initial requests under those acts for access to the records of the Offices of the Attorney General, Deputy Attorney General, Associate Attorney General, and other senior management offices of the Department. Pardon Attorney The Office of the Pardon Attorney, in consultation with the Attorney General or the Attorney General's designee, assists the President in the exercise of his pardon power under Article II, section 2, of the Constitution. Generally, all requests for pardon or other forms of executive clemency, including commutation of sentence, are directed to the Pardon Attorney for investigation and review. The Pardon Attorney prepares the Department's recommendation to the President for final disposition of each application. Community Relations Service The Service was created by title X of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000g et seq.). The Community Relations Service is under the general authority of the Attorney General and is headed by a Director, appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The mission of the Service is to prevent and resolve community conflicts and reduce community tensions arising from actions, policies, and practices perceived to be discriminatory on the basis of race, color, or national origin. The Service offers assistance to communities in resolving disputes relating to race, color, or national origin and facilitates the development of viable agreements as alternatives to coercion, violence, or litigation. It also assists and supports communities in developing local mechanisms as proactive measures to prevent or reduce racial/ethnic tensions. The services provided include conciliation, mediation, technical assistance, and training, and involve specialized procedures for preventing and resolving racial and ethnic conflicts. The Service provides assistance directly to people and their communities. It shows no partiality among disputing parties and, in promoting the principles and ideals of nondiscrimination, applies skills that allow parties to mediate their own disputes. The Service's conciliators, who are located in 10 regional offices and 4 field offices around the country, assist people of diverse racial and cultural backgrounds. The Service offers its assistance either on its own motion, when in its judgment peaceful relations among the citizens of a community are threatened, or upon request of State or local officials or other interested persons. The Service seeks the cooperation of appropriate State and local, and public and private agencies in carrying out the agency's mission. Regional Offices--Community Relations Service ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Address Director Phone/FTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Boston, MA (99 Summer St., 02110).............. Martin A. Walsh................................ 617-424-5715 New York, NY (26 Federal Plz., 10278).......... Patricia Glenn................................. 212-264-0700 Philadelphia, PA (2d and Chestnut Sts., 19106). Jonathan Chace................................. 215-597-2344 Atlanta, GA (75 Piedmont Ave. NE., 30303)...... Ozell Sutton................................... 404-331-6883 Chicago, IL (55 W. Monroe St., 60603).......... Jesse Taylor................................... 312-353-4391 Dallas, TX (1420 W. Mockingbird Ln., 75247).... Gilbert J. Chavez.............................. 214-655-8175 Kansas City, MO (323 W. 8th St., 64105)........ Atkins Warren.................................. 816-426-7434 Denver, CO (1244 Speer Blvd., 80204-3584)...... Silke Hansen, Acting........................... 303-844-2973 San Francisco, CA (33 New Montgomery St., 94105- Booker Neal, Acting............................ 415-744-6565 4511). Seattle, WA (915 2d Ave., 98101)............... Robert Lamb, Jr................................ 206-220-6700 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For further information, contact any regional office or the Director, Community Relations Service, Department of Justice, Suite 2000, 600 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202-305-2935. [[Page 333]] Justice Management Division Under the direction of the Assistant Attorney General for Administration, the Division provides assistance to senior management officials relating to basic Department policy for evaluation, budget and financial management, asset forfeiture management, personnel management and training, equal opportunity programs, automatic data processing and telecommunications, security, records management, procurement, real property and materiel management, and for all other matters pertaining to organization, management, and administration. The Division provides direct administrative support services, such as personnel, accounting, payroll, procurement, budget, and facilities and property management to the offices, boards, and divisions of the Department; and operates several central services, such as automated data processing. The Division develops and promulgates Departmentwide policies, standards, and procedures for the management of automated information processing resources and for the directive system and reviews their implementation. The Division collects, organizes, and disseminates recorded information that is necessary for the Department to carry out its statutory mandate and provides general research and reference assistance regarding information to Department staff, other Government attorneys, and members of the public. Professional Responsibility The Office of Professional Responsibility, which reports directly to the Attorney General, is responsible for investigating allegations of criminal or ethical misconduct by employees of the Justice Department. The Counsel on Professional Responsibility heads the Office, the role of which is to ensure that departmental employees continue to perform their duties in accordance with the high professional standards expected of the Nation's principal law enforcement agency. All allegations of misconduct against Department attorneys that relate to the exercise of their discretion to investigate, litigate, or provide legal advice are reported to the Office of Professional Responsibility. The Office also has jurisdiction to investigate allegations of misconduct by law enforcement personnel when they are related to allegation of misconduct by attorneys within the Office's jurisdiction. The Office usually conducts its own investigations into allegations. The Office may also participate in or direct an investigation conducted by another component of the Department, or may simply monitor an investigation conducted by an appropriate agency having jurisdiction over the matter. In addition, the Office oversees the internal inspection operations of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration. The Counsel submits an annual report to the Attorney General that reviews and evaluates the Department's internal inspection units. The Counsel makes recommendations to the Attorney General on the need for changes in policies or procedures that become evident during the course of internal inquiries reviewed or initiated by the Office. Intelligence Policy and Review The Office of Intelligence Policy and Review, under the direction of the Counsel to the Attorney General for Intelligence Policy, is responsible for advising the Attorney General on all matters relating to the national security activities of the United States. The Office also serves as adviser to the Attorney General and various client agencies, including the Central Intelligence Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the National Security Agency, and the Defense and State Departments, concerning questions of law, regulation, and guidelines as well as the legality of domestic and overseas intelligence operations. The Office prepares and files all applications for surveillances and searches under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978, assists Government agencies by providing legal advice on matters of national security law and policy and represents the Department of Justice on a variety of interagency committees. The Office also [[Page 334]] comments on and coordinates other agencies' views regarding proposed legislation affecting national security and intelligence matters. The Office maintains an Intelligence Analytic Unit (IAU) to keep the Attorney General, Deputy Attorney General, and other senior Department officials currently informed on matters pertaining to their responsibilities. Executive Office for United States Attorneys (EOUSA) The Office was created on April 6, 1953, by Attorney General Order No. 8-53, to meet a need for a closer liaison between the Department of Justice in Washington, DC, and the U.S. attorneys. The Office is under the supervision of the Deputy Attorney General. The mission of EOUSA is to provide general executive assistance to the 94 Offices of the U.S. attorneys and to coordinate the relationship between the U.S. attorneys and the organization components of the Department of Justice and other Federal agencies. U.S. Trustee Program The U.S. Trustee Program acts in the public interest to promote the efficiency and to protect and preserve the integrity of the bankruptcy system. It works to secure the just, speedy, and economical resolution of bankruptcy cases; monitors the conduct of parties, takes action to ensure compliance with applicable laws and procedures, and identifies and investigates bankruptcy fraud and abuse; and oversees administrative functions in bankruptcy cases. The Program is funded by the U.S. Trustee System Fund, which consists mainly of filing fees paid by debtors invoking the protections of the bankruptcy laws. The U.S. Trustees supervise the administration of four of the five types of bankruptcy proceedings defined under the Bankruptcy Code. These are: --proceedings under chapter 7 in which the assets of the debtor are liquidated; --reorganization proceedings under chapter 11 for rehabilitation of the business debtor; --adjustments of debts of a family farmer with regular income under chapter 12; and --adjustment of debts of an individual with regular income under chapter 13, pursuant to which an individual can discharge debts by arranging for payments over a period of time. The U.S. Trustee does not have a significant role in proceedings under chapter 9, which relates to the adjustment of debts of a municipality. Specific responsibilities of the U.S. Trustees include: --appointing and supervising the performance of private trustees in individual cases; --appointing and convening creditors' committees in chapter 11 corporate reorganization cases; --reviewing applications for the retention of professionals and the payment of fees; --reviewing disclosure statements and submitting statements to the court regarding their adequacy; --appointing trustees or examiners in such cases as needed; --ensuring that the assets involved in bankruptcy cases are protected during the administration of cases; --serving as trustees in chapters 7, 12, and 13 cases where private trustees are unwilling to serve; and --presenting matters relating to the Bankruptcy Code in court. Executive Office for U.S. Trustees The Attorney General is charged with the appointment, supervision, and coordination of the U.S. Trustees and Assistant U.S. Trustees. Day-to-day policy and legal direction, coordination, and control are provided by the Director of the Executive Office for U.S. Trustees who is appointed by the Attorney General. The Executive Office also provides administrative and management support to individual U.S. Trustee Offices. [[Page 335]] For further information, contact the Executive Office for U.S. Trustees, Department of Justice, Suite 700, 901 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202-307-1391. Divisions Antitrust Division The Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Antitrust Division is responsible for promoting and maintaining competitive markets by enforcing the Federal antitrust laws. Such enforcement, which is the principal function of the Division, involves investigating possible antitrust violations, conducting grand jury proceedings, preparing and trying antitrust cases, prosecuting appeals, and negotiating and enforcing final judgments. The antitrust laws affect virtually all industries and apply to every phase of business, including manufacturing, transportation, distribution, and marketing. They prohibit a variety of practices that restrain trade, such as price- fixing conspiracies, corporate mergers likely to reduce the competitive vigor of particular markets, and predatory acts designed to achieve or maintain monopoly power. The Division prosecutes serious and willful violations of the antitrust laws by filing criminal suits that can lead to large fines and jail sentences. Where criminal prosecution is not appropriate, the Division seeks a court order forbidding future violations of the law and requiring steps by the defendant to remedy the anticompetitive effects of past violations. The Division also is responsible for acting as an advocate of competition within the Federal Government. This involves formal appearances in Federal administrative agency proceedings, development of legislative initiatives to promote deregulation and eliminate unjustifiable exemptions from the antitrust laws, participation on executive branch policy task forces, and publication of reports on regulated industry performance. The Division provides formal advice to other agencies on the competitive implications of proposed transactions requiring Federal approval, such as construction of nuclear powerplants and mergers of financial institutions. It also consults with Federal agencies on a variety of other matters, including the issuance of Federal coal and oil drilling leases and the disposition of surplus Government property. In addition, the Antitrust Division represents the United States in judicial proceedings to review certain orders of regulatory agencies and provides direct court representation for the Secretary of the Treasury in certain Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms cases. It also participates in Federal Trade Commission cases before the Supreme Court. In the international law area, the Division represents the United States on the Committee on Competition Law and Policy of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; participates in the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and in the World Trade Organization's trade and competition working group; and, in conjunction with the Department of State, maintains liaison with foreign governments on antimonopoly laws and policies. For further information, contact the FOIA Unit, Antitrust Division, Department of Justice, 325 Seventh Street NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202-514-2692. Civil Division The Civil Division represents the United States, its departments and agencies, Members of Congress, Cabinet officers, and other Federal employees. Its litigation reflects the diversity of Government activities, involving, for example, the defense of challenges to Presidential actions; national security issues; benefit programs; energy policies; commercial issues such as contract disputes, banking, insurance, patents, fraud, and debt collection; all manner of accident and liability claims; and violations of the immigration and [[Page 336]] consumer protection laws. Each year, Division attorneys handle thousands of cases that collectively involve billions of dollars in claims and recoveries. The Division confronts significant policy issues, which often rise to constitutional dimensions, in defending and enforcing various Federal programs and actions. The Civil Division litigates cases in all Federal district courts, the U.S. Courts of Appeals, the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, other Federal and State courts, and the courts of foreign nations. Division attorneys either conduct this litigation personally or they supervise or assist the U.S. attorneys and foreign counsel to whom the Division refers the cases. The Division is composed of seven major groups: the Torts Branch, the Commercial Litigation Branch, the Federal Programs Branch, the Appellate Staff, the Office of Consumer Litigation, the Office of Immigration Litigation, and an Office of Management Programs. Torts The Torts Branch is responsible for suits under the Federal Tort Claims Act, including medical malpractice, aviation disasters, environmental and occupational disease, and radiation and toxic substance exposure. It also handles maritime litigation and suits that seek personal monetary judgments against individual officers or employees. Tort litigation more specifically includes the defense of all Federal Tort Claims Act suits against the United States, and the prosecution of suits in tort on behalf of the United States. Suits and administrative claims for death, personal injury, and property damage brought under the Tort Claims Act allege negligence on the part of Government employees acting within the scope of their employment and involve matters such as the operation of Government vehicles, the maintenance of Government premises, and the performance of Federal services and regulatory functions such as medical treatment, hospital care, and the control of civilian, military, and commercial air traffic. In addition, the Torts Branch defends petitions filed pursuant to the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program and is responsible for administering the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act. Tort litigation also includes all legal proceedings involving the United States related to ships, shipping, navigable waters, and workmen's compensation. The Division's admiralty litigation includes suits for personal injury and property damage involving vessels, shore installations, and maritime personnel, equipment, and cargoes; suits arising out of contracts involving shipping, chartering of vessels, and the construction, repair, and salvaging of vessels; proceedings to enforce navigation and shipping laws; and litigation based on international maritime agreements. Commercial Litigation The Commercial Litigation Branch is responsible for litigation associated with the Government's diverse financial involvements. This litigation includes all monetary suits involving contracts, express or implied; actions to foreclose on Government mortgages and liens; bankruptcy and insolvency proceedings; and suits against guarantors and sureties. Branch attorneys bring suit under the False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. 3729) for the recovery of treble damages and civil penalties and alternative remedies, in connection with fraud in the award or performance of Government contracts, false claims presented in connection with Federal programs such as Medicare, the submission of false statements and vouchers to Government agencies, and the use of other fraudulent devices in transactions with the Government. These suits include those filed pursuant to the qui tam provisions of the False Claims Act, in which private citizens with knowledge of fraud against the Government may file a lawsuit against the perpetrators on behalf of the United States and share in a percentage of any monetary recovery. Branch attorneys also bring suits to recover sums paid to bribe Government officials and kickbacks in Government procurement. The Branch is responsible for all cases in the U.S. Court of International Trade, including suits brought by importers of merchandise to challenge the appraisement or classification of imported goods or other decisions of the [[Page 337]] U.S. Customs Service in its administration of the tariff laws and schedules. The Branch has responsibility for all litigation in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims except for those cases assigned to the Environment and Natural Resources Division and the Tax Division. Included are: --patent cases and suits arising out of construction, procurement, service contracts, and claims associated with contract terminations; --claims involving freight rate disputes arising out of the transportation of Government property; --claims for just compensation under the fifth amendment; --claims for salary or retirement by civilian and military personnel; and --cases assigned by congressional reference or special legislation. Likewise, Branch attorneys handle the majority of cases before the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. This litigation involves appeals of decisions made by the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, the U.S. Court of Veterans Appeals, Boards of Contract Appeals, the Merit Systems Protection Board, and Federal district courts. The Branch handles all litigation involving the rights, liabilities, and administrative functions of the Government with respect to patent, copyright, and trademark matters. This includes: --defense of patent infringement suits based on the liability of the United States for infringements in connection with the performance of Government contracts; --legal proceedings to establish Government priority of invention; --suits for specific performance to require transfer of rights and title and payment of royalties; --suits to cancel patents acquired by fraud upon the Patent Office; --defense of administrative acts of the Register of Copyrights; and --actions on behalf of the Government involving the use of trademarks. The Branch is also responsible for the supervision of litigation in foreign courts involving the United States as a party and suits against U.S. employees stationed abroad who are being sued in the course of their Government service. Additionally, the Branch renders international judicial assistance to foreign and international tribunals. Federal Programs The Federal Programs Branch defends the programs, policies, and decisions of virtually all Federal departments and agencies, the President, Cabinet officers, Members of Congress, and other Government officials. It defends against constitutional challenges to statutes, suits to overturn Government policies and programs, and challenges to the legality of Government decisions. These suits typically seek injunctive and declaratory relief and range from objections to the way that the Government deals with its employees to allegations that the President has violated the Constitution or Federal law. The Branch also initiates suits to enforce regulatory statutes and to remedy or prevent statutory or regulatory violations. The areas of litigation include: --defense of suits against the heads of Federal departments and agencies and other government officials to enjoin official actions, as well as suits for judicial review of administrative decisions, orders, and regulations; --defense and prosecution of suits involving national security, including suits to protect sensitive intelligence sources and materials; --prosecution of suits to prevent interference with Government operations; --litigation concerning the constitutionality of Federal laws; --defense of suits raising employment discrimination claims and Government personnel issues; and --defense of suits involving specialized statutes, such as the Freedom of Information Act, the Federal Advisory Committee Act, and the Privacy Act. Appellate Staff The Appellate Staff has primary responsibility for the litigation of Civil Division cases in the appellate courts. The Staff prepares Government briefs and presents oral argument for the cases. Additionally, the Appellate Staff [[Page 338]] participates in drafting all documents filed for these cases in the United States Supreme Court, including briefs on the merits, petitions for certiorari, and jurisdictional statements. Consumer Litigation The Office of Consumer Litigation is responsible for civil and criminal litigation and related matters arising under various consumer protection and public health statutes, including the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the Federal Trade Commission Act, the Consumer Product Safety Act, the Hazardous Substances Act, and the Truth in Lending Act. The Office also serves as a liaison with other Federal agencies and with local enforcement agencies for the referral of consumer complaints outside the jurisdiction of the Department of Justice. Immigration Litigation The Office of Immigration Litigation is responsible for conducting civil litigation under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101) and related laws and for representing the United States in civil litigation brought against employees of the Immigration and Naturalization Service. In addition, this Office handles district court litigation, removal order review proceedings, habeas corpus review and general advice, and immigration-related appellate matters. The Office is also responsible for cases pertaining to the issuance of visas and passports, and for litigation arising under the amnesty and employer sanctions provisions of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (8 U.S.C. 1255a, 1324a), the criminal and terrorist alien reforms of 1990 and 1996, and the immigration enforcement reforms of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996. Management Programs The Office of Management Programs provides management and administrative services to the Division, including policy analysis and planning, administrative management, budget formulation and execution, management information systems, office automation, and automated litigation support. For further information, contact the Office of the Assistant Attorney General, Civil Division, Department of Justice, Tenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202-514-3301. Civil Rights Division The Civil Rights Division, headed by an Assistant Attorney General, was established in 1957 to secure effective Federal enforcement of civil rights. The Division is the primary institution within the Federal Government responsible for enforcing Federal statutes prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, sex, disability, religion, and national origin. The Division is composed of the following Sections: Appellate Section The Appellate Section handles civil rights cases in the courts of appeals and, in cooperation with the Solicitor General, in the Supreme Court. The Section frequently participates in amicus curiae cases that affect the Division, and provides counsel to the Department on civil rights and appellate litigation. It handles all appeals from both favorable and adverse judgments in which the Government participates. Coordination and Review Section This Section coordinates the enforcement by Federal agencies of various civil rights statutes that prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, and religion in programs and activities that receive Federal financial assistance. The Section also conducts compliance reviews and investigates complaints of discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age, and religion in the services and activities of recipients of Federal financial assistance from the Department of Justice. The Section is taking the lead role in implementing the President's initiative, announced in June 1997, to reinvigorate the enforcement of title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.). Criminal Section Under the Federal criminal civil rights statutes, the Criminal Section prosecutes conduct involving conspiracies to interfere with federally [[Page 339]] protected rights, deprivation of rights under color of law, the use of force or threat of force to injure or intimidate someone in their enjoyment of specific rights (such as voting, housing, employment, education, public facilities, and accommodations), interference with the free exercise of religious beliefs or damage to religious property, and the holding of a worker in a condition of slavery or involuntary servitude. More recently, the Section began enforcing the criminal aspects of the new Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act (FACE). This statute prohibits conduct intended to injure, intimidate, or interfere with persons seeking to obtain or provide reproductive services. Also, a task force staffed by attorneys from both the Criminal and Civil Rights Divisions was created by the Attorney General to determine if there is any organized criminal effort to commit violence upon abortion providers. The National Church Arson Task Force created in June 1996 is a joint effort of Federal, State, and local law enforcement in investigating incidents of arson at houses of worship and apprehending and prosecuting those responsible. Disability Rights Section This Section (previously the Public Access Section) enforces titles I, II, and III of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) and Department of Justice regulations implementing these provisions, provides technical assistance to entities covered by the ADA and to persons protected by the ADA, and coordinates the technical assistance efforts of all Federal agencies with technical assistance responsibilities under the ADA. The Section also certifies that State or local building codes meet or exceed the requirements of the ADA. In addition, the Section is responsible for carrying out the Department's responsibilities under section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. For the ADA Information Line, phone 800-514-0301 (voice) or 800-514-0383 (TDD). ADA information is also available through the Internet, at http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/adahom1.htm/. Educational Opportunities Section The Educational Opportunities Section enforces title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974. In addition, it represents the Department of Education in certain suits filed against and on behalf of the Secretary of Education. The Section closely monitors approximately 400 school districts operating under desegregation court orders. Employment Litigation Section The Employment Litigation Section enforces the provisions of title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, and other Federal laws prohibiting employment practices that discriminate on the grounds of race, sex, religion, and national origin, as they apply to State and local government employers. Housing and Civil Enforcement Section The Housing and Civil Enforcement Section has principal responsibility for enforcing the Fair Housing Act of 1968, as amended, which prohibits discrimination in housing on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, and familial status. The act allows the Section to bring cases on behalf of individuals where a complaint is filed with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Additionally, the Section enforces the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, which prohibits discrimination in credit transactions; and title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination in places of public accommodations, such as hotels, restaurants, and places of entertainment. Office of Special Counsel for Immigration Related Unfair Employment Practices The Office of Special Counsel for Immigration Related Unfair Employment Practices was established pursuant to section 102 of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (8 U.S.C. 1324b). The Special Counsel is responsible for investigating and prosecuting charges of national origin and citizenship status discrimination in hiring, firing, or recruitment. Jurisdiction over national origin charges is limited to those not covered by the Equal Employment [[Page 340]] Opportunity Commission. Jurisdiction over citizenship status is exclusive. The Special Counsel files complaints before an administrative law judge based on charges filed with this Office or on its own independent investigations. Appeals of administrative decisions are to the U.S. Courts of Appeals. In addition, the Special Counsel coordinates with the Immigration and Naturalization Service, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and other Federal agencies in promoting public awareness of the antidiscrimination provisions of the act, through employer and public interest conferences, public service announcements, and nationwide distribution of enforcement information. Special Litigation Section The Special Litigation Section is responsible for protecting the constitutional and statutory rights of persons confined in certain institutions owned or operated by State or local governments, including facilities for individuals with mental and developmental disabilities, nursing homes, prisons, jails, and juvenile detention facilities where a pattern or practice of violations exist. This authority is granted by the Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act. The Section is also responsible for civil enforcement provisions of the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act (FACE) which prohibits force or the threat of force for the purpose of interfering with the provision of reproductive services; and the police misconduct provision of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, which gives the Attorney General authority to remedy patterns and practices of misconduct by certain law enforcement authorities. Voting Section The Voting Section is responsible for the enforcement of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act, the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act, the National Voter Registration Act of 1993, and other statutory provisions designed to safeguard the right to vote of racial and language minorities, illiterate persons, individuals with disabilities, overseas citizens, persons who change their residence shortly before a Presidential election, and persons 18 to 20 years of age. Under section 2 of the Voting Rights Act, the Section brings lawsuits to remedy discriminatory election practices. Under section 5 of the Voting Rights Act, the Section reviews voting changes submitted to the Attorney General and defends section 5 litigation in court to assure that redistricting plans and other changes in voting practices and procedures do not abridge the right to vote of racial or language minorities. Under section 8 of the Voting Rights Act, the Attorney General requests the assignment of Federal observers--who generally are employees of the Office of Personnel Management--to monitor polling place activities on election day to document and deter discriminatory practices. Administrative Management Section This Section supports the Division by providing a diverse array of management and technical services, including personnel administration, budget formulation and execution, facilities services, mail and file operations, litigation support, office automation, databases, and geographic information system support. This Section also contains the Freedom of Information/Privacy Act Branch, which ensures that the Division complies with all aspects of the Freedom of Information and Privacy Acts. Another component of the Administrative Management Section is the Office of Redress Administration (ORA), which implements the responsibilities given to the Attorney General under section 105 of the Civil Liberties Act of 1988. The Act provides for redress to American citizens and permanent resident aliens of Japanese ancestry who were evacuated, relocated, and interned by the United States during World War II. ORA's functions will end August 10, 1998. For further information [[Page 341]] about ORA, phone 888-219-6900 (toll-free). For further information, contact the Executive Officer, Civil Rights Division, Department of Justice, P.O. Box 65310, Washington, DC 20035- 5310. Phone, 202-514-4224. Internet, http://www.usdoj.gov/crt. Criminal Division The Criminal Division develops, enforces, and supervises the application of all Federal criminal laws, except those specifically assigned to other divisions. The Division and the 93 U.S. attorneys are responsible for overseeing criminal matters under more than 900 statutes, as well as certain civil litigation. In addition to its direct litigation responsibilities, the Division formulates and implements criminal enforcement policy and provides advice and assistance. The Division approves or monitors sensitive areas of law enforcement such as participation in the Witness Security Program and the use of electronic surveillance; advises the Attorney General, Congress, the Office of Management and Budget, and the White House of matters of criminal law; provides legal advice and assistance to Federal prosecutors and investigative agencies; and provides leadership for coordinating international as well as Federal, State, and local law enforcement matters. Office of Administration The Office of Administration performs a wide range of administrative and managerial functions for the components of the Criminal Division, including budget preparation and execution, personnel actions, computer support services, mail and records services, procurement, and security. Appellate Section The Appellate Section prepares draft briefs and certiorari petitions for the Solicitor General to be filed in the U.S. Supreme Court; makes recommendations to the Solicitor General as to whether further review on adverse decisions in the district courts and courts of appeals is necessary; and prepares briefs and argues cases in the courts of appeals. The Section assists U.S. attorneys and Division prosecutors in preparing briefs for the courts of appeals and provides advice on Speedy Trial Act [of 1974] problems and a variety of other legal issues. Asset Forfeiture/Money Laundering Section The Section provides centralized management for the Department's asset forfeiture program to ensure its integrity and maximize its law enforcement potential, while also providing managerial direction to the Department's components concerned with money laundering. The Section initiates, coordinates, and reviews legislative and policy proposals impacting on the asset forfeiture program and money laundering enforcement and serves as the Department's contact for Congress, other executive branch agencies, and State and local law enforcement agencies. The Section works with the entire spectrum of law enforcement and regulatory agencies using an interagency, interdisciplinary, and international approach. The Section is mandated to coordinate multidistrict investigations and prosecutions; develop regulatory and legislative initiatives; ensure the uniform application of forfeiture and money laundering statutes; litigate complex, sensitive, and multidistrict cases; and provide litigation assistance to the U.S. attorneys' offices and Criminal Division components. The Section oversees asset forfeiture and money laundering training and conducts seminars for Federal prosecutors, investigating agents, and law enforcement personnel. It also produces legal publications and training materials to enhance its legal support functions. The Section also adjudicates all petitions for remission or mitigation of forfeited assets in judicial forfeiture cases, administers the Weed and Seed Program and the Equitable Sharing Program, and oversees the approval of the placement of forfeited property into official use by Federal agencies. Child Exploitation and Obscenity The Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section (CEOS) is responsible for overseeing the Federal response to child sexual abuse and exploitation. In carrying out these [[Page 342]] duties, CEOS attorneys work with U.S. attorneys' offices and participate in the prosecution of violations of Federal law involving child sexual exploitation, child sexual abuse on Federal lands (Indian country, U.S. military installations, and U.S. parks, prisons, and buildings), child pornography, activities under the Mann Act, and interstate and foreign commerce and mailing of obscene materials. CEOS attorneys also work with Federal law enforcement officers to identify major offenders of the applicable statutes and coordinate national investigative efforts. In addition to the case litigation by Section attorneys, CEOS provides training to assistant U.S. attorneys and Federal law enforcement agents as well as substantial assistance to U.S. attorneys' offices in the prosecution and appeals of such cases. Since CEOS's formation in 1987, it has directed a substantial amount of its resources to the prosecution of child pornography. Working with the U.S. Postal Inspection Service and U.S. Customs Service, CEOS has coordinated and helped with several successful undercover efforts to identify and prosecute child pornography users. Programs have also targeted the illegal importation, distribution, sale, and possession of child pornography by computer. CEOS participates in the development of legislative proposals and policy to address issues such as child pornography and child molestation through computers; child prostitution; technical corrections to existing Federal laws on child pornography and sexual abuse; and changes to sentencing guidelines for these crimes. Further, CEOS is responsible for protection of the rights of children under the child victim-witness provisions of the Federal criminal code and under the Child Support Recovery Act. It has also been designated as the legal advisor to the Morgan P. Hardiman Missing and Exploited Children Task Force. Fraud The Fraud Section, the largest component of the Criminal Division, directs and coordinates the Federal effort against fraud and white-collar crime, focusing primarily on complex frauds that involve: multidistrict and international activities; financial institutions; the insurance industry; Government programs and procurement procedures, including health care providers, defense procurement fraud, and Housing and Urban Development fraud; the securities and commodities exchanges; and multidistrict schemes that involve consumer victimization, such as telemarketing. The Section conducts investigations and prosecutes on its own about 100 fraud cases of national significance or great complexity annually. It also assists U.S. attorneys with cases, where requested. The Section maintains a regional Bank Fraud Task Force field office in Boston, MA. The Section also trains Federal agents and prosecutors through its conferences and participation in other Federal conferences. Computer Crime and Intellectual Property The Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section (CCIP) is responsible for implementing the Department's Computer Crime Initiative, a comprehensive program designed to address the growing global computer crime problem and ensure the appropriate protection of intellectual property rights (copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets). Section attorneys are actively working with other Government agencies, the private sector (including hardware and software vendors and telecommunications companies), academic institutions, and foreign officials to develop a global response to cyber attacks and protect intellectual property. These attorneys litigate cases, provide litigation support to other prosecutors, train Federal law enforcement personnel, comment upon and propose legislation, and coordinate international efforts to combat computer crime and thefts of intellectual property. They also provide assistance in resolving the unique issues raised by emerging computer and telecommunications technologies. Internal Security The Internal Security Section supervises the investigation and prosecution of cases affecting national security, foreign relations, and the export [[Page 343]] of military and strategic commodities and technology. The Section has exclusive responsibility for authorizing the prosecution of cases under criminal statutes relating to espionage, sabotage, neutrality, and atomic energy. It provides legal advice to U.S. attorneys' offices and investigative agencies on all matters within its area of responsibility, which includes 88 Federal statutes affecting national security. It also coordinates criminal cases involving the application of the Classified Information Procedures Act. The Section also administers and enforces the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 and related disclosure statutes. Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs The Narcotic and Dangerous Drug Section (NDDS) has supervisory jurisdiction of those statutes pertaining to controlled substances. Section attorneys participate in the development and implementation of domestic and international narcotics law enforcement programs and policies, and provide direct litigation support to the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force (OCDETF) and High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) programs, to the Southwest Border and other multi-agency initiatives, and to U.S. attorneys in recusal matters or in cases where the Section's expertise is requested. NDDS attorneys represent the Department in developing and administering other cooperative drug enforcement strategies, initiatives, and projects conducted by the law enforcement and intelligence communities. The Section Chief serves as the Department's designated representative on several senior level committees of the intelligence and law enforcement communities that plan and coordinate joint international counternarcotics initiatives. Additionally, the Chief acts as the designated representative of the Federal Government in the implementation of the joint U.S.-Colombia evidence sharing initiative, intended to facilitate the successful investigation and prosecution of major Colombian narcotics traffickers in Colombia. The Section plays a central coordinating role in a number of multi- district, multi-agency initiatives and prosecutions, including the Southwest Border Initiative (SWBI), the Department's priority narcotics enforcement program targeting major Mexican trafficking organizations. The Litigation Unit provides direct trial and appellate litigation support to U.S. attorneys nationwide, with emphasis on prosecutions that support the OCDETF, HIDTA, and SWBI programs. These attorneys also litigate appeals arising from cases prosecuted by NDDS attorneys and denials or revocations of controlled substance registrations by the Drug Enforcement Administrator. Enforcement Operations The Office of Enforcement Operations oversees the use of the most sophisticated investigative tools at the Department's disposal. It reviews all Federal electronic surveillance requests and requests to apply for court orders permitting the use of video surveillance; provides legal advice to Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies on the use of Federal electronic surveillance statutes; and assists in developing Department policy on emerging technologies and telecommunications issues. It authorizes or denies the entry of all applicants into the Federal Witness Security Program (WSP), coordinates and administers matters relating to all aspects of the WSP among all program components, and approves or denies requests by Federal agencies to utilize Federal prisoners for investigative purposes. The Office approves or reviews matters such as witness immunity requests, transfer of prisoners to and from foreign countries to serve the remainder of their prison sentences, attorney and press subpoenas, applications for S-visa status, and disclosure of grand jury information. It provides legal advice and assistance in a wide variety of matters, such as crimes affecting government operations, mental competency and insanity, interstate property crimes, and crimes in Indian country. The Office processes all requests for Criminal Division records made pursuant to the Freedom of [[Page 344]] Information Act and the Privacy Act, and assists U.S. attorneys' offices in advocating the Division's position in civil litigation filed under these statutes. It registers entities as required by the Gambling Devices Act of 1962. International Affairs The Office of International Affairs supports the Department's legal divisions, the U.S. attorneys, and State and local prosecutors regarding questions of foreign and international law, including issues related to extradition and mutual legal assistance treaties. The Office also coordinates all international evidence gathering. In conjunction with the State Department, the Office engages in the negotiation of new extradition and mutual legal assistance treaties and executive agreements throughout the world. Office attorneys also participate on a number of committees established under the auspices of the United Nations and other international organizations that are directed at resolving a variety of international law enforcement problems, such as narcotics trafficking and money laundering. The Office maintains a permanent field office in Rome. Policy and Legislation The legislative component of the Office of Policy and Legislation (OPL) develops legislative proposals, legal memoranda, and congressional testimony. It also prepares comments on pending legislation affecting the Federal criminal justice system, works closely with the U.S. Sentencing Commission on a variety of sentencing- related issues, and provides legal support to the Advisory Committee on Criminal Rules and Evidence of the Judicial Conference regarding the Federal rules of criminal procedure and the Federal rules of evidence. The policy component of OPL analyzes policy and management issues related to criminal law enforcement and the criminal justice system. It identifies problems and emerging trends; develops options and recommendations; and provides research, technical, and management support to the Assistant Attorney General and other Division and Department policy makers. The policy staff also analyzes crime data, Federal caseload statistics, and other criminal justice system information for various decisionmakers within the Department. Office of Overseas Prosecutorial Development, Assistance, and Training The mission of the Office of Overseas Prosecutorial Development, Assistance, and Training (OPDAT) is to assist prosecutors and judicial personnel in other countries to develop and sustain democratic criminal justice institutions. To further the Department's interest in fostering the fair and efficient administration of justice abroad, OPDAT promotes the rule of law and regard for human rights; assists nations, especially emerging democracies, to build and maintain viable criminal justice institutions; and focuses on transnational criminal matters. Currently, OPDAT provides long-term rule-of-law assistance, using resident legal advisers, in Colombia, Haiti, Latvia, Poland, and Russia. OPDAT also serves as the Justice Department's liaison between various private and public agencies that sponsor visits to the United States by foreign officials and other visitors who study aspects of the U.S. legal system. This opportunity for comparative law dialog with foreign experts aids the Department in its efforts to promote mutual legal assistance. Organized Crime and Racketeering The Organized Crime and Racketeering Section coordinated the Department's program to combat organized crime. The principal enforcement efforts are currently directed against traditional groups, such as La Cosa Nostra families, and emerging groups from Asia and Europe, such as Chinese Triads, the Sicilian Mafia, and Russian organized crime. The Section supervises the investigation and prosecution of these cases by Strike Force Units within U.S. attorneys' offices in 21 Federal districts having a significant organized crime presence. These cases involve a broad spectrum of criminal statutes, including extortion, murder, bribery, fraud, narcotics, and labor racketeering. The Section is involved in setting national priorities for the organized crime program by coordinating with [[Page 345]] investigative agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and others; and by working with the Attorney General's Organized Crime Council, which is ultimately responsible for the Federal Government's policy in this area. In addition to its close supervision of all Federal organized crime cases, the Section maintains close control over all Government uses of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) statute, and provides extensive advice to prosecutors about the use of this powerful tool for cases involving patterns of serious criminal conduct. In a more specialized context, the Section provides support for criminal prosecutions involving labor-management disputes, the internal affairs of labor unions in the private sector, and the operation of employee pension and welfare benefit plans. The Section maintains a cadre of experienced prosecutors in its Litigation Unit who travel as needed to prosecute or assist in the prosecution of organized crime cases in the various U.S. attorneys' offices, particularly in multi- defendant RICO cases, especially in the field of labor racketeering. Public Integrity The Public Integrity Section oversees the Federal effort to combat corruption through the prosecution of elected and appointed public officials at all levels of Government. The Section has exclusive jurisdiction over allegations of criminal misconduct by Federal judges, and also monitors the investigation and prosecution of election and conflict of interest crimes. Section attorneys prosecute selected cases against Federal, State, and local officials, and are available as a source of advice and expertise to other prosecutors and to investigators. Since 1978, the Section has supervised the administration of the Independent Counsel provisions of the Ethics in Government Act. Terrorism and Violent Crime The Terrorism and Violent Crime Section is responsible for the design, implementation, and support of law enforcement efforts, legislative initiatives, policies, and strategies relating to international and domestic terrorism. This includes the investigation and prosecution of acts of terrorism occurring anywhere in the world which impact significant U.S. interests. The Section coordinates the systematic collection and analysis of data related to the investigation and prosecution of domestic terrorism cases, thereby facilitating prevention of terrorist activity through early detection. The Section coordinates interagency efforts to designate international terrorist organizations and their agents and to investigate and prosecute support of such organizations. The Section also oversees the prosecution of domestic violent crime offenses for which Federal jurisdiction exists, as well as the prosecution of firearms and explosives violations. In appropriate instances, Section attorneys assume direct responsibility for the prosecution of violent crime cases. The Section assists in the implementation of an initiative designed to deter criminals from possessing firearms by using Federal firearms laws which generally provide longer, and often mandatory, sentences for gun offenses. Additionally, the Section administers the national anti- violent-crime strategy, which focuses particular attention on the investigation and prosecution of gang-related crimes. Section attorneys provide legal advice to Federal prosecutors concerning Federal statutes relating to murder, assault, kidnapping, threats, robbery, weapons and explosives control, malicious destruction of property, and aircraft and sea piracy. The Section also formulates legislative initiatives and Department policies relating to terrorism and violent crime, and coordinates such initiatives and strategies with other Government agencies. Executive Office for the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force The Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force (OCDETF) is a Federal drug enforcement program that focuses attention and resources on the disruption and dismantling of major drug trafficking organizations. The Task Force provides a framework for Federal, State, and local [[Page 346]] law enforcement agencies to work together to target well-established and complex organizations that direct, finance, or engage in illegal narcotics trafficking and related crimes, including money laundering and tax violations, public corruption, illegal immigration, weapons violations, and violent crimes. The program has been in existence since 1982 and operates under the guidance and oversight of the Attorney General. Utilizing the resources and expertise of its 11 member Federal agencies, along with support from its State and local law enforcement partners, OCDETF has contributed to the successful prosecution and conviction of more than 44,000 members of criminal organizations and resulted in the seizure of cash and property assets totaling more than $3 billion. The Executive Office for OCDETF supports the work of over 2,500 Federal agents and prosecutors and approximately 6,000 State and local law enforcement officers who participate in OCDETF cases. The Executive Office, in conjunction with a council of Washington agency representatives, provides policy guidance and coordination, administrative management and support, collection and reporting of statistical information, and budgetary planning, coordination, and disbursement. International Criminal Investigative Training Assistance Program Activities of the International Criminal Investigative Training Assistance Program (ICITAP) encompass two principal types of assistance projects: the development of police forces and the reform of existing police forces in the context of international peacekeeping operations, and the enhancement of capabilities of existing police forces in emerging democracies. Assistance is based on internationally recognized principles of human rights, the rule of law, and modern police practices. ICITAP programs are instituted at the request of the National Security Council and the Department of State in agreement with governments which have requested assistance. The programs' goals and objectives are determined by U.S. interests in promoting democracy and respect for human rights. Project activities are determined by administration priorities, an ever-changing world situation, and budgeting limitations. ICITAP is unique among Federal law enforcement assistance programs in that its budget is totally based on project- specific funding provided to the Justice Department by the State Department and the Agency for International Development. For further information, contact the Office of the Assistant Attorney General, Criminal Division, Department of Justice, Tenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202-514-2601. Environment and Natural Resources Division The Environment and Natural Resources Division, formerly known as the Land and Natural Resources Division, is the Nation's environmental lawyer. It is responsible for litigating cases ranging from protection of endangered species, to global climate change, to cleaning up the Nation's hazardous waste sites. A key Division responsibility is enforcing civil and criminal environmental laws in order to protect its citizens' health and environment. The Division defends environmental challenges to Government activities and programs and ensures that environmental laws are implemented in a fair and consistent manner nationwide. It also represents the United States in all matters concerning the protection, use, and development of the Nation's natural resources and public lands, wildlife protection, Indian rights and claims, and the acquisition of Federal property. To carry out this broad mission, the Division is organized into nine sections described below. Environmental Crimes The Environmental Crimes Section prosecutes individuals and corporate entities which have violated laws designed to protect the environment. The Section works closely with the Federal Bureau of Investigation and criminal investigators from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to enforce statutes such as the Clean Air Act, the Comprehensive [[Page 347]] Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (Superfund), and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, among others. Environmental Enforcement The Environmental Enforcement Section is responsible for most of the affirmative civil litigation brought on behalf of EPA; claims for damages to our natural resources filed on behalf of the Departments of Interior, Commerce, and Agriculture; claims for contribution against private parties for contamination of public land; and recoupment of money spent to clean up certain oil spills on behalf of the United States Coast Guard. The Section supports the regulatory programs of its client agencies through litigation to obtain compliance with environmental statutes, establishes a credible deterrent against violation of those laws, recoups Federal funds spent to abate environmental contamination, and obtains funds to restore or replace natural resources damaged through oil spills or the release of hazardous substances into the environment. The primary statutes within the Section's scope of responsibility are: the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (Superfund); the Clean Air Act; the Clean Water Act; the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; the Safe Drinking Water Act; and the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. Environmental Defense The Environmental Defense Section represents the United States, principally EPA, in suits challenging the Government's administration of Federal environmental laws. The lawsuits, which arise in Federal district and appellate courts, include claims by industries that regulations are too strict, claims by environmental groups that Federal standards are too lax, and claims by States and citizens alleging that Federal agencies are out of compliance with environmental standards. The Section also handles both defensive and enforcement litigation involving the wetlands program under section 404 of the Clean Water Act. This requires persons wishing to fill or discharge waste into wetlands to first obtain a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. If this requirement is not met, the Section files a civil action seeking civil penalties and injunctive relief against the violator. Wildlife and Marine Resources The Wildlife and Marine Resources Section tries both civil and criminal cases under Federal wildlife laws and other laws protecting marine fish and mammals. Prosecutions focus on smugglers and black-market dealers in protected wildlife. Civil litigation, particularly under the Endangered Species Act, often sets the needs of protected species against the economic interests of both the Federal Government and private enterprise. General Litigation The General Litigation Section is primarily responsible for litigation involving the use and protection of federally owned public lands and natural resources. Its varied docket comprises cases arising under more than 80 different land management and natural resource statutes including the National Environmental Policy Act, the Federal Land Policy Management Act, and the National Historic Preservation Act. Cases address such issues as water rights, land use plans, timber and mineral production, landowner compensation, and trust obligations to Indian tribes. Indian Resources The Indian Resources Section represents the United States in its trust capacity for Indian tribes. These suits include establishing water rights, establishing and protecting hunting and fishing rights, collecting damages for trespass on Indian lands, and establishing reservation boundaries and rights to land. Land Acquisition The Land Acquisition Section is responsible for acquiring land, either by direct purchase or through condemnation proceedings, for use by the Federal Government for purposes ranging from establishing public parks to creating missile sites. The Section attorneys seek to implement the protection of the fifth amendment in a way which is fair to both property owners and taxpayers. The legal and [[Page 348]] factual issues in such cases can include the power of the Federal Government to condemn property under specific acts of Congress; ascertainment of the fair market value of property sought by the Federal Government; applicability of local zoning regulations and problems related to subdivisions; capitalization of income; and the admissibility of evidence. Policy, Legislation, and Special Litigation The Policy, Legislation, and Special Litigation Section advises and assists the Assistant Attorney General on policy issues including coordination of the Division's international and environmental justice activities. The Section directs the Division's legislative program, including testimony of Division managers before congressional committees, and representation of the Department in meetings with congressional staff and on interagency groups that develop the administration's position on legislation proposed or passed by Congress. The Section also litigates amicus cases, undertakes specially assigned litigation projects at the trial and appellate levels, serves as the Division's ethics office, and responds to citizen requests under the Freedom of Information Act. Appeals The Appellate Section is responsible for handling all appeals in cases initially tried in lower courts by any of the sections within the Division. In addition, the Section drafts the briefs for all Division cases which reach the Supreme Court and formulates recommendations to the Solicitor General that seek authority to appeal unfavorable decisions. Executive Office The Executive Office serves as administrator to the Division, providing financial management, personnel, planning, procurement, office automation, and automated litigation support services. For further information, contact the Office of the Assistant Attorney General, Environment and Natural Resources Division, Department of Justice, Tenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202-514-2701. Tax Division The primary mission of the Tax Division is to enforce the Nation's tax laws in Federal and State courts and thereby generate revenue for the Federal Government. The Division conducts enforcement activities to deter specific taxpayers, as well as the taxpaying public at large, from conduct that deprives the Federal Government of its tax-related revenue. The Tax Division was established under Executive Order 6166 of June 10, 1933, which called for the consolidated control of all tax litigation in the Department of Justice. In November 1933, the Attorney General issued Circular No. 2494 creating the Division and charging it with the duty of representing the Government in internal revenue cases. The Division represents the United States and its officers in all civil and criminal litigation arising under the internal revenue laws, other than proceedings in the United States Tax Court. While the Division's primary client is the Internal Revenue Service, it also represents Federal officials and employees in actions arising out of the performance of their official duties, as well as representing other Federal departments and agencies in their dealings with State and local tax authorities. In civil tax litigation the Division's responsibility involves cases in the United States District Courts, the United States Court of Federal Claims, the United States Courts of Appeals, and the U. S. Supreme Court, as well as cases in the State courts. The Division represents the United States in many different types of disputes, both civil and criminal, dealing with the interpretation of Federal tax laws. For example, when the Internal Revenue Service challenges a tax return and determines a deficiency, the taxpayer may pay the full amount of tax assessed and then bring a suit against the Government for refund. The Division defends the Government in these refund actions. Other areas of civil litigation in which the Division is involved on behalf of the Federal Government include: [[Page 349]] --suits brought by individuals to foreclose mortgages or to quiet title to property in which the United States is named as a party defendant because of the existence of a Federal tax lien on the property; --suits brought by the United States to collect unpaid assessments, to foreclose Federal tax liens or determine the priority of such liens, to obtain judgments against delinquent taxpayers, to enforce summonses, and to establish tax claims in bankruptcy, receivership, or probate proceedings; --proceedings involving mandamus, injunctions, and other specific writs arising in connection with internal revenue matters; --suits against Internal Revenue Service employees for damages claimed because of alleged injuries caused in the performance of their official duties; --suits against the Secretary of the Treasury, the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, or similar officials to test the validity of regulations or rulings not in the context of a specific refund action; --suits brought by the United States to enjoin the promotion of abusive tax shelters and to enjoin activities relating to aiding and abetting the understatement of tax liabilities of others; --suits brought by taxpayers for a judicial determination of the reasonableness of a jeopardy or termination assessment and the appropriateness of the amount; --proceedings brought against the Tax Division and the Internal Revenue Service for disclosure of information under the Freedom of Information Act; and --intergovernmental immunity suits in which the United States resists attempts to apply a State or local tax to some activity or property of the United States. The Division also collects judgments in tax cases. To this end, the Division directs collection efforts and coordinates with, monitors the efforts of, and provides assistance to the various United States attorneys' offices in collecting outstanding judgments in tax cases. With respect to criminal tax litigation, the Division prosecutes or supervises the prosecution of all criminal offenses committed under the internal revenue laws, including attempts to evade and defeat taxes, willful failures to file returns and to pay taxes, filing false returns and other deceptive documents, making false statements to revenue officials, and other miscellaneous offenses involving internal revenue matters. These duties include the institution of criminal proceedings and collaboration with U.S. attorneys in the conduct of litigation in the trial and appellate courts. Further, Division attorneys frequently conduct grand jury investigations and actual trials of criminal tax cases, often as a result of requests for assistance by the appropriate U.S. attorney. In its efforts to deter willful deception through prosecution of criminal offenders, the Division also plays a significant role in curbing organized crime, public corruption, narcotics trafficking, and financial institution fraud. The primary functions of the Division are to aid the Internal Revenue Service in collecting the Federal revenue and to establish principles of law that will serve as guidelines to taxpayers and their representatives, as well as to the Internal Revenue Service, in the administration of the Internal Revenue Code. As a result, coordination with the Internal Revenue Service's administrative policies and the Treasury Department's legislative tax concerns in developing litigating postures is essential. The Division also provides input into the preparation of reports to the Congress, the Office of Management and Budget, and the Office of Legislative Affairs on pending or proposed legislation and monitors congressional activities with respect to matters of interest to the Division. In accordance with the Attorney General's program to enhance the litigating skills of Department attorneys, the Division conducts training programs for its attorneys, with special emphasis [[Page 350]] on matters unique to tax litigation and the development of advocacy skills. For further information, contact the Office of the Assistant Attorney General, Tax Division, Department of Justice, Tenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202-514-2901. Internet, http://www.usdoj.gov/tax/. Bureaus Federal Bureau of Investigation 935 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20535. Phone, 202-324-3000 The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice. It is charged with gathering and reporting facts, locating witnesses, and compiling evidence in cases involving Federal jurisdiction. The Federal Bureau of Investigation was established in 1908 by the Attorney General, who directed that Department of Justice investigations be handled by its own staff. The Bureau is charged with investigating all violations of Federal law except those that have been assigned by legislative enactment or otherwise to another Federal agency. Its jurisdiction includes a wide range of responsibilities in the criminal, civil, and security fields. Priority has been assigned to the five areas that affect society the most: organized crime/drugs, counterterrorism, white-collar crime, foreign counterintelligence, and violent crime. On January 28, 1982, the Attorney General assigned concurrent jurisdiction for the enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801) to the Bureau and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). The DEA Administrator reports to the Attorney General through the FBI Director. The Bureau also offers cooperative services such as fingerprint identification, laboratory examination, police training, and the National Crime Information Center to duly authorized law enforcement agencies. The Bureau headquarters in Washington, DC, consists of nine separate divisions, a Deputy Director, an Office of the General Counsel, an Office of Public and Congressional Affairs, an Office of Equal Employment Opportunity Affairs, an Office of Professional Responsibility, and a Director's staff. The Bureau's investigations are conducted through 56 field offices. Most of its investigative personnel are trained at the FBI Academy in Quantico, VA. For further information, contact the Office of Public and Congressional Affairs, Federal Bureau of Investigation, J. Edgar Hoover F.B.I. Building, 935 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20535. Phone, 202- 324-2727. Bureau of Prisons 320 First Street NW., Washington, DC 20534. Phone, 202-307-3198 The mission of the Bureau of Prisons is to protect society by confining offenders in the controlled environments of prisons and community-based facilities that are safe, humane, and appropriately secure, and which provide work and other self-improvement opportunities to assist offenders in becoming law-abiding citizens. The Executive Office of the Director provides overall direction for agency operations. In addition to typical administrative functions performed by an agency head, the Offices of General Counsel, Program Review, and Internal Affairs are within the Office and report to the Director. The Administration Division develops plans, programs, and policies concerning the acquisition, construction, and staffing of new facilities, as well as budget development, financial management, procurement, and contracting. [[Page 351]] The Community Corrections and Detention Division is responsible for program development and contracts relating to community-based and detention programs, as well as privatization and citizen participation. The Correctional Programs Division is responsible for managing the correctional services (security) operations in Bureau institutions and case and unit management, as well as religious and psychological services, drug treatment programs, programs for special needs offenders, and inmate systems. Federal Prison Industries (trade name UNICOR) is a wholly owned Government corporation whose mission is to provide employment and training opportunities for inmates confined in Federal correctional facilities. UNICOR manufactures a wide range of items--from executive and systems furniture to electronics, textiles, and graphics/signage. Services performed by UNICOR's inmates include data entry, printing, and furniture refinishing. The corporation funds selected preindustrial, vocational, and experimental training programs. The Health Services Division has oversight responsibility for all medical and psychiatric programs; environmental and occupational health services; food and nutrition services; and farm operations. The Human Resource Management Division provides personnel, training, and labor management within the agency. Its functions also include pay and position management and recruitment. The Information, Policy, and Public Affairs Division encompasses the Bureau's Information Systems; Research and Evaluation; Security Technology; Office of Public Affairs; and Office of Policy and Information Resource Management. The National Institute of Corrections provides technical assistance, information services, and training for State and local corrections agencies throughout the country. It also provides technical assistance for selected foreign governments. The Institute's administrative offices, Prison Division, and Community Corrections Division are located in Washington, DC. Its Jails Division, Training Academy, and Information Center are located in Longmont, CO. The Bureau is subdivided into six geographic regions, each staffed with field-qualified personnel who are responsible for policy development and oversight, providing operational guidance to field locations, and providing support functions in areas such as auditing, technical assistance, budget, and personnel. Each regional office is headed by an experienced career Bureau manager who is a full member of the Bureau's executive staff. For further information, contact the Public Information Officer, Bureau of Prisons, Department of Justice, Washington, DC 20534. Phone, 202-307- 3198. United States Marshals Service 600 Army Navy Drive, Arlington, VA 22202-4210. Phone, 202-307-9000 The United States Marshals Service is the Nation's oldest Federal law enforcement agency, having served as a vital link between the executive and judicial branches of the Government since 1789. Today, the Presidentially appointed marshals and their support staff of approximately 4,300 deputy marshals and administrative personnel operate from more than 400 office locations in all 94 Federal judicial districts nationwide, from Guam to Puerto Rico, and from Alaska to Florida. The Marshals Service performs tasks that are essential to the operation of virtually every aspect of the Federal justice system. The Service is responsible for: --providing support and protection for the Federal courts, including security for 800 judicial facilities and nearly 2,000 judges and magistrates, as well as countless other trial participants such as jurors and attorneys; --apprehending the majority of all Federal fugitives; --operating the Federal Witness Security program, ensuring the safety of endangered government witnesses; [[Page 352]] --maintaining custody of and transporting thousands of Federal prisoners annually; --executing court orders and arrest warrants; --managing and selling seized property forfeited to the Government by drug traffickers and other criminals, and assisting the Justice Department's asset forfeiture program; --responding to emergency circumstances, including civil disturbances, terrorist incidents, and other crisis situations, through its Special Operations Group, and restoring order in riot and mob- violence situations; and --operating the U.S. Marshals Service Training Academy. The Director of the U.S. Marshals Service, who is appointed by the President, supervises the operations of the Service throughout the United States and its territories, assisted by the Deputy Director, nine Assistant Directors, and a General Counsel. For further information, contact the Office of Congressional and Public Affairs, U.S. Marshals Service, Department of Justice, Suite 1260, 600 Army Navy Drive, Arlington, VA 22202. Phone, 202-307-9065. Internet, http://www.usdoj.gov/marshals/. United States National Central Bureau-International Criminal Police Organization Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202-616-9000 The U.S. National Central Bureau (USNCB) represents the United States in INTERPOL, the International Criminal Police Organization. Also known as INTERPOL--Washington, USNCB provides an essential communications link between the U.S. police community and their counterparts in the foreign member countries. INTERPOL is an association of 177 countries dedicated to promoting mutual assistance among law enforcement authorities in the prevention and suppression of international crime. With no police force of its own, INTERPOL has no powers of arrest or search and seizure. Instead, INTERPOL serves as a channel of communication among the police of the member countries, and provides a forum for discussions, working group meetings, and symposia to enable police to focus on specific areas of criminal activity affecting their countries. United States participation in INTERPOL began in 1938 by congressional authorization, designating the Attorney General as the official representative to the organization. INTERPOL operations were interrupted during World War II, but resumed in 1947. The Attorney General officially designated the Secretary of the Treasury as the U.S. representative to INTERPOL in 1958, and the U.S. National Central Bureau was established within the Treasury Department in 1969. In 1977, an arrangement was effected between Justice and Treasury officials establishing dual authority in administering USNCB. This Memorandum of Understanding designates the Attorney General as the permanent representative to INTERPOL and the Secretary of the Treasury as the alternate representative. The Bureau operates through cooperative efforts with Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies. Programs and initiatives, such as the State Liaison Program and the Canadian Interface Project, broaden the scope of U.S. investigative resources to include the international community, thus forming an integral part of the United States efforts to confront the problem of international crime. Federal and State law enforcement agencies represented at the USNCB include the Federal Bureau of Investigation; U.S. Marshals Service; Drug Enforcement Administration; Immigration and Naturalization Service; U.S. Customs Service; U.S. Secret Service; Internal Revenue Service; Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms; Office of the Comptroller of the Currency; Office of the Inspector General, Department of Agriculture; U.S. Postal Inspection Service; Bureau of Diplomatic Security, Department of State; Federal Law Enforcement Training Center; Financial Crimes Enforcement [[Page 353]] Network; Environmental Protection Agency; and the Maryland State Police. Under the State Liaison Program, States establish an office within their own law enforcement community to serve as liaison to USNCB. International leads developed in criminal investigations being conducted by a State or local police entity can be pursued through their Liaison Office, and criminal investigative requests from abroad are funneled through the relevant State liaison office for action by the appropriate State or local agency. All 50 States now participate in the liaison program, which is currently coordinated by a representative from the Maryland State Police. USNCB has two sub-bureaus which serve to more effectively address the law enforcement needs of U.S. territories. The sub-bureaus are located in San Juan, Puerto Rico; and Pago Pago, American Samoa. For further information, contact the U.S. National Central Bureau- INTERPOL, Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202-616-9000. Immigration and Naturalization Service 425 I Street NW., Washington, DC 20536. Phone, 202-514-4316, 4330, or 4354 [For the Immigration and Naturalization Service statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 8, Aliens and Nationality] The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) was created by act of March 3, 1891 (8 U.S.C. 1551 note), and its purpose and responsibilities were further specified by the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended (8 U.S.C. 1101 note), which charges the Attorney General with the administration and enforcement of its provisions. The Attorney General has delegated authority to the Commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization service to carry out these provisions of immigration law. Overall policy and executive direction flow from the Washington, DC, headquarters office through 3 regional offices to 33 district offices and 21 border patrol sectors throughout the United States. INS also maintains three district offices in Bangkok, Thailand; Mexico City, Mexico; and Rome, Italy. The Service carries out its mission through operational programs in adjudications and nationality, inspections, investigations, and detention and deportation, as well as the U.S. Border Patrol. These programs are divided into the following mission responsibilities: --facilitating entry of those legally admissible as visitors or immigrants to the United States; --granting benefits under the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended, including providing assistance to those seeking asylum, temporary or permanent resident status, or naturalization; --preventing improper entry and the granting of benefits to those not legally entitled to them; --apprehending and removing those aliens who enter or remain illegally in the United States and/or whose stay is not in the public interest; and --Enforcing sanctions against those who act or conspire to subvert the requirements for selective and controlled entry, including sanctions against employers who knowingly hire aliens not authorized to work in the United States. The Service also has a firm commitment to strengthen criminal investigations and seek the most effective deterrents to illegal immigration. For further information, contact the Office of Information, Immigration and Naturalization Service, Department of Justice, 425 I Street NW., Washington, DC 20536. Phone, 202-514-4316, 4330, or 4354. Drug Enforcement Administration 600-700 Army Navy Drive, Arlington, VA 22202. Phone, 202-307-1000; FTS, 367-1000 The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is the lead Federal agency in enforcing narcotics and controlled substances laws and regulations. It was created in July 1973, by Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1973 (5 U.S.C. app.), which merged four separate drug law enforcement agencies. [[Page 354]] The Administration enforces the provisions of the controlled substances and chemical diversion and trafficking laws and regulations of the United States, and operates on a worldwide basis. It presents cases to the criminal and civil justice systems of the United States--or any other competent jurisdiction--on those significant organizations and their members involved in cultivation, production, smuggling, distribution, or diversion of controlled substances appearing in or destined for illegal traffic in the United States. DEA immobilizes these organizations by arresting their members, confiscating their drugs, and seizing their assets; and creates, manages, and supports enforcement- related programs--domestically and internationally--aimed at reducing the availability of and demand for controlled substances. The Administration's responsibilities include: --investigation of major narcotic violators who operate at interstate and international levels; --seizure and forfeiture of assets derived from, traceable to, or intended to be used for illicit drug trafficking; --enforcement of regulations governing the legal manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of controlled substances; --management of a national narcotics intelligence system; --coordination with Federal, State, and local law enforcement authorities and cooperation with counterpart agencies abroad; and --training, scientific research, and information exchange in support of drug traffic prevention and control. The Administration manages the El Paso Intelligence Center (EPIC), a 24-hour tactical drug intelligence center, which utilizes DEA and Federal personnel from 13 other agencies. The Administration concentrates its efforts on high-level narcotics smuggling and distribution organizations in the United States and abroad, working closely with such agencies as the Customs Service, the Internal Revenue Service, and the Coast Guard. It also chairs the 11- agency National Narcotics Intelligence Consumers Committee, which develops an annual report on drug production, trafficking, and abuse trends. Approximately 400 Administration compliance investigators enforce regulation of the legal manufacture and distribution of prescription drugs. The agency also maintains an active training program for narcotics officers in other Federal, State, and local agencies--as well as foreign police. The Administration maintains liaison with the United Nations, INTERPOL, and other organizations on matters relating to international narcotics control programs. It has offices throughout the United States and in 50 foreign countries. For further information, contact the Public Affairs Section, Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice, Washington, DC 20537. Phone, 202-307-7977. Office of Justice Programs 633 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20531. Phone, 202-307-0781 The Office of Justice Programs (OJP) was established by the Justice Assistance Act of 1984 and reauthorized in 1994 to provide Federal leadership, coordination, and assistance needed to make the Nation's justice system more efficient and effective in preventing and controlling crime. OJP and its five program bureaus, the Bureau of Justice Assistance, Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Institute of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and Office for Victims of Crime, are responsible for collecting statistical data and conducting analyses; identifying emerging criminal justice issues; developing and testing promising approaches to address these issues; evaluating program results, and disseminating these findings and other information to State and local governments. The Office is headed by an Assistant Attorney General who, by statute and delegation of authority from the Attorney General, establishes, guides, promotes, and coordinates policy; focuses efforts on the priorities established by the President and the Attorney General; and [[Page 355]] promotes coordination among the bureaus and offices within OJP. Through the programs developed and financed by its bureaus and offices, OJP works to form partnerships among Federal, State, and local government officials to control drug abuse and trafficking, rehabilitate crime-ridden neighborhoods, improve the administration of justice in America, meet the needs of crime victims, and find innovative ways to address problems such as gang violence, prison crowding, juvenile crime, and white-collar crime. The functions of each bureau or office are interrelated. For example, the statistics generated by the Bureau of Justice Statistics may drive the research that is conducted through the National Institute of Justice and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Research results may generate new programs that receive support from the Bureau of Justice Assistance and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Although some research and technical assistance is provided directly by OJP's bureaus and offices, most of the work is accomplished through Federal financial assistance to scholars, practitioners, and State and local governments. Program bureaus and offices award formula grants to State agencies, which, in turn, subgrant funds to units of State and local government. Formula grant programs--drug control and system improvement, juvenile justice, victims compensation, and victims assistance--are administered by State agencies designated by each State's Governor. Discretionary grant programs usually are announced in the Federal Register, and applications are made directly to the sponsoring Office of Justice Programs bureau or office. Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) The Bureau is the primary funding source for grants to State and local law enforcement agencies. In addition to funding crime prevention and control projects, BJA provides training, technical assistance, evaluation, and comprehensive strategic planning to criminal justice practitioners. The Bureau's mission is to provide leadership and assistance in support of local criminal justice strategies to achieve safe communities. Its goals are to promote effective, innovative crime control and prevention strategies; to demonstrate and promote replication of effective crime control programs which support public/private partnerships, planning, and criminal justice system improvement; and to leverage and efficiently administer available resources. The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 3750) established the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Program. Under this authorization, Congress appropriates funds to BJA for awards to the States to implement violent crime control and illegal drug reduction strategies. Other BJA discretionary awards are made for innovative programs such as Tribal Strategies Against Violence, Firearms Trafficking, and a Comprehensive Homicide Initiative. Earmarked funds are used for special programs such as National Crime Prevention Council Campaigns (McGruff, The Crime Dog) and Drug Abuse Resistance Education. The Bureau also administers line-item appropriations for national programs such as the Regional Information Sharing System Program and the Public Safety Officers' Benefits Program. The Bureau expects, measures, and reports results in the following broad areas of award investment: comprehensive programs, crime prevention, law enforcement, adjudication, corrections/options, evaluation, systems improvement, and information dissemination. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) The Bureau is responsible for collecting, analyzing, publishing, and disseminating statistical information on crime, criminal offenders, victims of crime, and the operation of justice systems at all levels of government and internationally. The Bureau provides data which is critical to Federal, State, and local policymakers in combating crime and ensuring that justice is both efficient and evenhanded. The Bureau also assists State governments in developing capabilities in criminal justice statistics and [[Page 356]] improving the quality of criminal justice records and information systems. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is the second largest ongoing household survey undertaken by the Federal Government, and is the only national forum for victims to systematically describe how crime affects them and the characteristics of those who committed the crime against them. During a collection year, a nationally representative sample of more than 100,000 persons residing in about 49,000 households is interviewed by representatives of the Bureau of the Census in order to obtain data on the impact, frequency, and consequences of criminal victimization in the United States. Other statistical series cover populations under correctional supervision, Federal criminal offenders and case processing, criminal justice expenditures and employment, felony convictions, pretrial release practices, characteristics of correctional populations, prosecutorial practices and policies, profile of civil cases, and the administration of law enforcement agencies and correctional facilities. The Bureau maintains more than two dozen major data collection series and publishes a wide variety of reports annually which receive nationwide distribution. The Bureau supports a statistical component in the National Criminal Justice Reference Service. The Bureau of Justice Statistics Clearinghouse provides reference services for people requesting information, maintains a mailing list, and distributes Bureau publications. The Bureau also manages the Drugs and Crime Clearinghouse, funded by the Office of National Drug Control Policy, which disseminates BJA, ONDCP, and other drug-related crime documents; serves as the sole repository with public access for the BJA State Drug Control Strategies and the individual U.S. attorneys' reports; produces national directories of State and local drug-related agencies, topical fact sheets, bibliographies, and other special reports; maintains a library and database; and responds to telephone, mail, and electronic requests for information. For further information, contact the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Phone, 800-732-3277 (toll-free). Internet, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ bjs/. National Institute of Justice (NIJ) The Institute sponsors research and development programs designed to improve and strengthen the criminal justice system and reduce or prevent crime. It also conducts national demonstration projects that employ innovative or promising approaches for improving criminal justice, and develops new technologies to fight crime and improve criminal justice. The Institute conducts evaluations to determine the effectiveness of criminal justice programs, particularly programs funded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance and Crime Act Program offices within the Office of Justice Programs and the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Office, and identifies programs that promise to be successful if continued or replicated in other jurisdictions. For example, it has evaluated the effectiveness of innovative drug control programs, including community-oriented policing, community antidrug initiatives, Weed and Seed, multijurisdictional task forces, and drug testing programs. The Institute's evaluations of new approaches for holding offenders accountable for their crimes has provided invaluable information regarding such programs as drug courts, bootcamps, youth challenge camps, intensive community supervision, specialized probation, and prison work-release programs. In addition, NIJ works to fulfill the information needs of the criminal justice system by publishing and disseminating reports and other materials from its research, demonstration, evaluation, and other programs; provides training and technical assistance to justice officials on innovations developed through its programs; and serves as the national and international clearinghouse of justice [[Page 357]] information for Federal, State, and local governments. For further information, contact the National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Phone, 1-800-851-3420. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention The Office was created by the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5601) in response to national concern about juvenile crime. It is the primary Federal agency for addressing juvenile crime and delinquency and the problem of missing and exploited children. The Office is comprised of five divisions. The State Relations and Assistance Division oversees the Formula Grants Program. States can receive formula grants and technical assistance to help implement delinquency prevention, control, and system improvement programs, including the core requirements of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act. The Division also administers the Title V Prevention Incentive Grants Program and the State Challenge Grants Program. Beginning in 1998, the division will also administer the Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grant Program and the formula grant component of the Combating Underage Drinking Program. The Special Emphasis Division provides funds directly to public and private nonprofit agencies and individuals to foster new approaches to delinquency prevention and control and the improvement of the juvenile justice system. The Division focuses on such areas as serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offenders; gangs; at-risk female juvenile offenders; and school dropouts. The Research and Program Development Division sponsors research and studies about national trends in juvenile delinquency and drug use, serious juvenile crime, the causes of delinquency, prevention strategies, program evaluation, and improvement of the juvenile justice system. It is also responsible for program evaluation, statistics, and demonstration programs. The Training and Technical Assistance Division funds training for juvenile justice practitioners, policymakers, and organizations and provides technical assistance in planning, funding, establishing, operating, and evaluating juvenile delinquency programs. In addition, the Division administers juvenile court and prosecutor training, court- appointed special advocates, and children's advocacy center programs under the Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 13001). The Information Dissemination Unit conducts a wide variety of information dissemination activities for the Office in support of its statutory mandate to serve as a clearinghouse and information center for the preparation, publication, and dissemination of information on juvenile delinquency and missing children. The Unit also monitors the operations of the Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse, which collects, stores, and disseminates the Office's and other juvenile justice-related publications. The toll-free telephone number is 1-800-638-8736. Programs The Concentration of Federal Efforts Program and the Missing Children's Program are also under the Office's direction. The Concentration of Federal Efforts Program coordinates Federal programs dealing with juvenile delinquency and assists Federal agencies that have responsibility for delinquency prevention and treatment. It also promotes interagency cooperation in eliminating duplicate efforts and provides direction for the use of Federal resources in facilitating a comprehensive, unified Federal juvenile justice policy. The Missing Children's Program was created in 1984 by the Missing Children's Assistance Act to provide Federal leadership in ensuring that every practical step is taken in recovering missing children, reuniting them with their families, and prosecuting abductors. The Program serves as a central focus for research, data collection, policy development, training professionals in the field, and providing information about missing and exploited children. It also funds the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, which operates a national toll-free telephone [[Page 358]] line and serves as a national information clearinghouse. Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) The Office serves as the Justice Department's chief advocate for crime victims and their families. This includes carrying out the activities mandated by the Victims of Crime Act of 1984 (VOCA), as amended (42 U.S.C. 10601 note); monitoring compliance with the provisions regarding assistance for Federal crime victims of the Victim and Witness Protection Act of 1982; and implementing the recommendations of the President's Task Force on Victims of Crime, and the Attorney General's Task Force on Family Violence. A Crime Victims Fund was created by VOCA in the U.S. Treasury to provide Federal financial assistance to State governments to compensate and assist victims of crime. Monies in the fund come from fines and penalties assessed on convicted Federal defendants. The Office awards grants to States to compensate crime victims for expenses, such as medical costs, resulting from their victimization. Grants also are awarded to State governments to support State and local programs that provide direct assistance to crime victims and their families. Priority for victim assistance funds is given to programs providing direct services to victims of sexual assault, spouse abuse, and child abuse. States also must use grant funds to assist previously underserved victim populations, such as victims of drunk drivers or the families of homicide victims. A small portion of the Crime Victims Fund is available to support services for victims of Federal crimes. Programs under this initiative have focused on developing victim assistance services for Federal crime victims in Indian country, creating a Federal crime victim assistance fund for use by U.S. attorneys offices to pay for emergency services for Federal crime victims, and assisting Native American child abuse victims. In addition, each year OVC sponsors National Crime Victims' Rights Week to increase public awareness of crime victims' special needs and to honor those who work on behalf of victims. The OVC Resource Center, which provides information concerning victims issues to victims advocates, criminal justice practitioners, and the public, is funded by OVC. The Center may be reached toll-free on 1-800-627-6872. Violence Against Women Grants Office The Violence Against Women Grants Office administers the Department's formula and discretionary grant programs authorized by the Violence Against Women Act of 1994. These programs assist the Nation's criminal justice system to respond to the needs and concerns of women who have been, or potentially could be, victimized by violence. The programs emphasize enhanced delivery of services to women victimized by violence, and work to strengthen outreach efforts to minorities and disabled women. The Office provides technical assistance to State and tribal government officials in planning innovative and effective criminal justice responses to violent crimes committed against women. The Office provides Indian tribal governments with funds to develop and strengthen the tribal justice system's response to violent crimes committed against Native American women through a discretionary grant program. Drug Court Program Office The Drug Court Program Office was established to support the development and implementation of effective Drug Court programming at the State, local, and tribal level. The Office administers the Drug Court Grant Program as authorized by Title V of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. This discretionary grant program assists local units of government in the planning, implementation, and improvement of Drug Courts which target non-violent, drug-involved offenders. The Office strives to strengthen existing Drug Courts and develop new Drug Courts, encouraging them to provide continuing judicial supervision, mandatory periodic testing for substance abuse among clients, substance abuse treatment, offender supervision, management and aftercare, combined with appropriate sanctions for failure to comply with program [[Page 359]] requirements. The Office works closely with agencies and organizations involved in the areas of justice and recovery. The Office also develops and delivers appropriate technical assistance and training to enhance the effectiveness and operation of both existing and new Drug Courts. Corrections Program Office The Corrections Program Office provides leadership and assistance to State and local governments related to correctional policy and programs designed to reduce crime, increase public safety, and restore integrity to sentencing practices for violent offenders. The Office administers correctional programs authorized by the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, as amended, including the Violent Offender Incarceration/Truth in Sentencing and Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for State Prisoners Programs. The Violent Offender Incarceration/Truth in Sentencing Program provides formula grant funds to the States to build and expand correctional facilities to increase secure space for the confinement of violent offenders and the implementation of truth in sentencing laws. The Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Program is designed to reduce drug and criminal activity among offenders released back into the community by producing formula grant funds to develop and expand substance abuse treatment programs for offenders while incarcerated in State and local correctional facilities. The Corrections Program Office also provides technical assistance and training to State and local correctional policymakers and practitioners to encourage the adoption of sound correctional policies and ``best practices.'' Executive Office for Weed and Seed The Executive Office for Weed and Seed administers the Department's premier community-based public safety program. Operation Weed and Seed is a comprehensive, community-based strategy to ``weed out'' violent crime, gang activity, drug trafficking, and drug use, and ``seed in'' neighborhood revitalization. Programs are implemented through the leadership of U.S. attorneys working closely with community officials and residents. By bringing together law enforcement, businesses, schools, and community residents, Weed and Seed neighborhoods have succeeded in achieving long-term, positive change. The Executive Office for Weed and Seed works closely with OJP's other bureaus and offices, which fund model programs in Weed and Seed sites from which other communities can learn promising approaches to solving problems affecting residents and their neighborhoods. The Weed and Seed Program is funded through a congressional earmark from Byrne Discretionary Grant Program. For further information, contact the Office of Congressional and Public Affairs, Office of Justice Programs, Department of Justice, 810 Seventh Street NW., Washington, DC 20531. Phone, 202-307-0781. Boards Executive Office for Immigration Review Falls Church, VA 22041. Phone, 703-305-0289. Internet, http:// www.usdoj.gov/eoir/. The Attorney General has delegated certain powers and authorities for the administration and interpretation of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (8 U.S.C. 1101) and other Federal immigration laws to the Executive Office for Immigration Review, which is completely independent of and separate from both the Immigration and Naturalization Service, the agency charged with the enforcement of the immigration laws, and the Office of Special Counsel for Immigration Related Unfair Employment Practices, the agency charged with the enforcement of the [[Page 360]] anti-discrimination provisions of the Immigration Reform and Control Act. The Executive Office for Immigration Review includes the Board of Immigration Appeals, the Office of the Chief Immigration Judge, and the Office of the Chief Administrative Hearing Officer. It is headed by a Director, who is responsible for the immediate supervision of these components and who reports to the Deputy Attorney General. Board of Immigration Appeals The Board of Immigration Appeals is a quasi-judicial body composed of 15 members including the Chair and Vice Chair, and a Chief Attorney-Examiner who is also an alternate Board Member. The Board hears oral arguments at its Falls Church, VA, location. A staff of attorney advisors assists the Board in the preparation of decisions. The Board has been given nationwide jurisdiction to hear appeals of decisions made by immigration judges and by district and center directors of the Immigration and Naturalization Service. In addition, the Board is responsible for hearing appeals involving the suspension or barring from practice of attorneys and representative before the Service and the Board. Decisions of the Board are binding on all Service officers and immigration judges unless modified or overruled by judicial review in the Federal courts. The majority of appeals reaching the Board involve orders of removal and application for relief from removal. Other cases before the Board include the removal of aliens applying for admission to the United States, petitions to classify the status of alien relatives for the issuance of preference immigrant visas, fines imposed upon carriers for the violation of the immigration laws, and motions for reopening and reconsideration of decisions previously rendered. Following a review of the record and research into questions of law raised by the parties, an attorney-adviser drafts a proposed order for consideration of the Board members, frequently conferring with individual Board members concerning the proposed order. Attorney- advisers also assist in various administrative and support functions. In addition to developing expertise in the field of immigration law, they are often called upon to analyze questions of constitutional law, State, Federal, and foreign civil and criminal law. Office of the Chief Immigration Judge The Office of the Chief Immigration Judge provides overall direction for the 209 immigration judges located in approximately 40 immigration courts throughout the Nation. Immigration judges are responsible for conducting formal administrative proceedings and act independently in their decisionmaking capacity. Their decisions are administratively final, unless appealed or certified to the Board. Through its Criminal Alien Institutional Hearing Program, the Office currently has programs in all 50 States, Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, and selected municipalities and Bureau of Prison facilities to adjudicate the immigration status of alien inmates incarcerated by Federal, State, and municipal correction authorities as a result of convictions for criminal offense. In removal proceedings, an immigration judge determines whether an individual from a foreign country should be admitted or allowed to stay in the United States or be removed. Judges are located throughout the United States, and each judge has jurisdiction to consider various forms of relief available under the law, including applications for asylum. Office of the Chief Administrative Hearing Officer The Office is responsible for the general supervision of administrative law judges in the performance of their duties under 8 U.S.C. 1324a-1324c. Administrative law judge proceedings are mandated by the Immigration and Nationality Act and concern allegations of unlawful employment of aliens, unfair immigration-related employment [[Page 361]] practices, and immigrations document fraud. For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Executive Office for Immigration Review, Department of Justice, Falls Church, VA 22041. Phone, 703-305-0289. Internet, http://www.usdoj.gov/eoir/. United States Parole Commission 5550 Friendship Boulevard, Chevy Chase, MD 20815. Phone, 301-492-5990 The Parole Commission presently consists of three members, appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. It has sole authority to grant, modify, or revoke paroles of eligible U.S. prisoners serving sentences of more than one year, including military prisoners and D.C. Code prisoners housed in Federal institutions. It is responsible for the supervision of parolees and prisoners released upon the expiration of their sentences with allowances for statutory good time, and the determination of supervisory conditions and terms. Probation officers supervise parolees and mandatory releases under the direction of the Commission. Under the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 (29 U.S.C. 401), the Commission determines whether or not persons convicted of certain crimes may serve as officials in the field of organized labor or in labor-oriented management positions; likewise, under the Employment Retirement Income and Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1111), the Commission determines whether or not such persons may provide services to or be employed by employment benefit plans. The Commission has also had jurisdiction since 1977 to set release dates for U.S. citizens who are returned to the United States, pursuant to treaty, to serve foreign criminal sentences. For offenders who committed their crimes after November 1, 1987, the Commission applies the guidelines of the U.S. Sentencing Commission. The Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 (98 Stat. 2032) abolished parole eligibility for Federal offenders who commit offenses on or after November 1, 1987. It also provided for the abolition of the Commission on November 1, 1992. However, the Judicial Improvements Act of 1990 (104 Stat. 5089) and the Parole Commission Phaseout Act of 1996 (18 U.S.C. 4201 note) extended the Commission in 5-year increments, through November 1, 2002. In the National Capital Revitalization and Self- Government Improvement Act of 1997 (111 Stat. 712), Congress transferred the function of granting or denying parole for all District of Columbia Code offenders, wherever imprisoned, to the Parole Commission from the District of Columbia Board of Parole, effective August 5, 1998. This act also authorized the Commission to expand to five members. In subsequent years, pursuant to this same legislation, the Parole Commission will assume from the D.C. Board the functions of supervising and revoking the paroles granted to D.C. offenders. The Commission will also supervise D.C. Code offenders placed on supervised release and revoke supervised release terms for violation. For further information, contact the Office of the Chairman, United States Parole Commission, Department of Justice, 5550 Friendship Boulevard, Chevy Chase, MD 20815. Phone, 301-492-5990. Internet, http:// www.usdoj.gov/uspc/parole.htm/. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) was created with the passage of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 to achieve several goals: to advance the philosophy of community policing as a national law enforcement strategy; to deploy 100,000 new police officers in community policing roles; to reinforce partnerships that will sustain community policing; and to evaluate and demonstrate the effectiveness of community policing to improve the quality of life by reducing the levels of disorder, violence, and crime in our communities. The primary activity of the COPS Office is the awarding of competitive, discretionary grants directly to law enforcement agencies across the United [[Page 362]] States and its territories. Over the life of the COPS Office, approximately $8 billion in grant funding will be made available to achieve these goals. The COPS Office is headed by a Director, appointed by the Attorney General, and is organized into several divisions. The Grants Administration Division is responsible for developing and designing new programs to provide resources for the hiring of new officers and to further the adoption and implementation of community policing, reviewing grant applications, maintaining liaison with the Office of Justice Programs for financial review of applications, monitoring grant awards, developing and maintaining databases to support policymaking, participating in the evaluation of the grant programs, and coordination of the Office's research agenda. Within the Grants Administration Division are the Police Hiring section and the Program Planning, Research and Evaluation section. The Training and Technical Assistance Division is responsible for coordinating the provision of training and technical assistance to advance the adoption, implementation and sustaining of community policing in the thousands of communities served by the COPS Office. The Legal Division is responsible for providing legal advice to the Director and other functional areas of the COPS Office, and for ensuring compliance with the legal requirements applicable to the activities of the COPS Office. The Congressional Relations Division assists Members of Congress in serving their constituents, thereby facilitating greater dissemination of information about COPS programs and activities, and provides input in program design and development and policy formulation so that programs and policies reflect legislative intent and address congressional needs. The Communications Division provides ongoing information about community policing and COPS programs through every available channel of communication, including timely and accurate responses to media inquiries, interviews, public events, publications and related materials produced by and for any telecommunication format. The Intergovernmental and Public Liaison Division maintains channels for communication and feedback regarding COPS programs with representatives of interested local, State, and national organizations and with local elected officials. Finally, the Administrative Division provides support services to the COPS Office, including resource management to recruit, train, and maintain a professional workforce; fiscal resource management to perform the accounting and budget formulation and execution functions necessary to administer the COPS appropriation; facilities management to acquire and maintain space, provide security, and procure supplies, equipment, telephones, and other services; and information resource management. Office of Intergovernmental Affairs The Office of Intergovernmental Affairs is responsible for advising the Attorney General and other leadership and senior Department officials on matters affecting the Department of Justice's relationship with State and local government and the advocacy groups which represent these entities. The Office consists of a Director, principal Deputy Director, three Deputy Directors, and two support staff. All professional staff are attorneys. For further information, contact the Office of Intergovernmental Affairs, Department of Justice, Room 1521 Main, 950 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202-514-3465. Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States is a quasi-judicial, independent agency within the Department of Justice which adjudicates claims of U.S. nationals against foreign governments, either under specific jurisdiction conferred by Congress or pursuant to international claims settlement agreements. The decisions of the Commission are final and are not reviewable under any standard by any court or other authority. [[Page 363]] Funds for payment of the Commission's awards are derived from congressional appropriations, international claims settlements, or the liquidation of foreign assets in the United States by the Departments of Justice and the Treasury. The Commission is currently conducting an Albanian Claims Program, adjudicating claims and making awards compensating U.S. nationals for losses resulting from nationalization, expropriation, intervention and other property-taking by the former Communist regime in Albania which took power at the end of World War II. The Commission is compiling a registry of the estimated $5 billion in outstanding claims against Iraq held by U.S. nationals, in preparation for future Commission adjudication of such claims. Claims to be registered include those that predate the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq in August 1990, and certain claims of military personnel or their survivors arising out of Desert Shield and Desert Storm or Iraq's attack on the U.S.S. Stark in 1987. The Commission is also conducting a Holocaust Survivors Claims Program, to adjudicate the claims of U.S. nationals who were interned and persecuted by the German Nazi regime before and during World War II. The Commission's decisions will be used by the Department of State as the basis for negotiation of a final settlement of such claims with Germany. In addition, the Commission will play a role in the implementation of the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996. Under Title III of the act, Commission determinations on the ownership and value of expropriated property in Cuba which were rendered in its Cuban Claims Program (conducted from 1965-72) will serve as the basis for lawsuits that may be filed by U.S. nationals in the U.S. district court against foreigners who have invested in or otherwise benefited from property formerly owned by the U.S. nationals. The act further designates the Commission as a ``Special Master'' available to the courts beginning in 1998 to determine the ownership and value of expropriated property that was not the subject of claims filed in the Commission's Cuban Claims Program. The Commission also has authority under the War Claims Act of 1948, as amended, to receive, determine the validity and amount, and provide for the payment of claims by members of the U.S. armed services and civilians held as prisoners of war or interned by a hostile force in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam conflict, or by the survivors of such service members and civilians. Finally, the Commission is responsible for maintaining records and responding to inquiries related to the various claims programs it has conducted against the Governments of Yugoslavia, Panama, Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Italy, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Cuba, the German Democratic Republic, the People's Republic of China, Vietnam, Ethiopia, Egypt, and Iran, as well as those authorized under the War Claims Act of 1948, and other statutes. The Commission's organization and functions are defined in the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949, as amended (22 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.), the War Claims Act of 1948, as amended (50 U.S.C. app. 2001 et seq.), the Balanced Budget Downpayment Act, I (Public Law 104-99), and the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-114). For further information, contact the Office of the Chair, Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States, Department of Justice, Suite 6002, 600 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20579. Phone, 202-616-6975; or fax, 202-616-6993. Sources of Information Controlled Substances Act Registration Information about registration under the Controlled Substances Act may be obtained from the Registration Section of [[Page 364]] the Drug Enforcement Administration, P.O. Box 28083, Central Station, Washington, DC 20038. Phone, 202-307-7255. Disability-Related Matters Contact the Civil Rights Division's ADA Hotline. Phone, 800-514-0301. TDD, 800-514-0383. Internet, http:// www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/adahom1.htm/. Drugs and Crime Clearinghouse Phone, 800-666-3332 (toll-free). Electronic Access Information concerning Department of Justice programs and activities is available electronically through the Internet, at http://www.usdoj.gov/. Employment The Department maintains an agencywide job line. Phone, 202- 514-3397. Attorneys' applications: Director, Office of Attorney Personnel Management, Department of Justice, Room 6150, Tenth Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202-514-1432. Assistant U.S. attorney applicants should apply to individual U.S. attorneys. United States Marshals Service: Field Staffing Branch, United States Marshals Service, Department of Justice, 600 Army Navy Drive, Arlington, VA 22202-4210. Federal Bureau of Investigation: Director, Washington, DC 20535, or any of the field offices or resident agencies whose addresses are listed in the front of most local telephone directories. Immigration and Naturalization Service: Central Office, 425 I Street NW., Washington, DC 20536 (phone, 202-514-2530); or any regional or district office. Drug Enforcement Administration: regional offices, laboratories, or Washington Headquarters Office of Personnel. Bureau of Prisons: Central Office, 320 First Street NW., Washington, DC 20534 (phone, 202-307-3082); or any regional or field office. Office of Justice Programs, 633 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20531. Phone, 202-307-0730. United States Trustee Program, Room 770, 901 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202-616-1000. Foreign Claims Settlement Commission: Attorneys: Office of the Chief Counsel, Suite 6002, 600 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20579 (phone, 202- 616-6975); Other: Administrative Officer, same address and phone. Housing Discrimination Matters Contact the Civil Rights Division's Housing and Civil Enforcement Section. Phone, 800-896-7743. Immigration-Related Employment Matters The Civil Rights Division maintains a Worker Hotline. Phone, 800-255-7688. TDD, 800-237-2515. It also offers information for employers. Phone, 800-255-8155. TDD, 800- 362-2735. Publications and Films The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin and Uniform Crime Reports--Crime in the United States are available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The Annual Report of the Attorney General of the United States is published each year by the Department of Justice, Washington, DC 20530. Approximately nine textbooks on citizenship, consisting of teachers manuals and student textbooks at various reading levels, are distributed free to public schools for applicants for citizenship and are on sale to all others from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Public schools or organizations under the supervision of public schools which are entitled to free textbooks should make their requests to the appropriate Immigration and Naturalization Service Regional Office (See appropriate section of this manual for mailing addresses.). For general information, call 202-514- 3946. The Freedom of Information Act Guide and Privacy Act Overview and the Freedom of Information Case List, both published annually, are available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20530; and in electronic format through INTERNET- Library of Congress. ISBN 0-16-042921-8. FOIA Update (Stock No. 727-002-00000-6), published quarterly, is [[Page 365]] available free of charge to FOIA offices and other interested offices Governmentwide. This publication is also available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402; and in electronic format through INTERNET-Library of Congress. Guidelines for Effective Human Relations Commissions, Annual Report of the Community Relations Service, Community Relations Service Brochure, CRS Hotline Brochure, Police Use of Deadly Force: A Conciliation Handbook for Citizens and Police, Principles of Good Policing: Avoiding Violence Between Police and Citizens, Resolving Racial Conflict: A Guide for Municipalities, and Viewpoints and Guidelines on Court-Appointed Citizens Monitoring Commissions in School Desegregation are available upon request from the Public Information Office, Community Relations Service, Department of Justice, Washington, DC 20530. A limited number of drug educational films are available, free of charge, to civic, educational, private, and religious groups. A limited selection of pamphlets and brochures is available. The most widely requested publication is Drugs of Abuse, an identification manual intended for professional use. Single copies are free. Copies of the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission's semiannual (through December 1966) and annual (from January 1967) reports to the Congress concerning its activities are available at the Commission in limited quantities. Reading Rooms Located in Washington, DC, at: U.S. Department of Justice, Room 6505, Tenth Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530 (phone, 202-514-3775). Bureau of Prisons, 320 First Street NW., 20534 (phone, 202-307-3029); Immigration and Naturalization Service, 425 I Street NW., 20536 (phone, 202-514-2837); Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, 600 E Street NW., 20579 (phone, 202-616-6975). Also at the U.S. Parole Commission, 5550 Friendship Boulevard, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 (phone, 301-492-5959); Board of Immigration Appeals, Suite 2400, 5107 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041 (phone, 703-305- 0168); some of the Immigration and Naturalization Service district offices; and the National Institute of Justice, 9th Floor, 633 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20531 (phone, 202-307-5883). Redress for Wartime Relocation/Internment Contact the Civil Rights Division's Office of Redress Administration. Helpline phone, 202-219- 6900. TDD, 202-219-4710. Internet, http://www.usdoj.gov/. Reference Service In 1972, the National Institute of Justice established the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). All five OJP bureaus now support NCJRS, a clearinghouse of information and publications concerning OJP programs and other information of interest to the criminal justice community. The Office's National Institute of Justice, which has supported the clearinghouse for almost 20 years, provides most of the funding for the National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Police, corrections agencies, courts, criminal justice planners, juvenile justice practitioners, community crime prevention groups, and others needing information for planning and problem solving in criminal justice can refer to this international information service specially designed to assist the justice community. The National Criminal Justice Reference Service provides information from its computerized data base system free or at a minimal cost to users through a variety of products and services including the bimonthly NIJ Catalog, which contains abstracts of significant additions to the data base and pertinent information and a Calendar of Events announcing upcoming training courses and conferences; selected hardcopy documents upon request; three types of data base search packages; various microfiche products; and referrals to other information sources. Under contracts with OJP bureaus, the National Criminal Justice Reference Service also operates the Drugs and [[Page 366]] Crime Data Center and Clearinghouse, the Bureau of Justice Assistance Clearinghouse, the Justice Statistics Clearinghouse, the Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse, the National Victims Resource Center, and the Construction Information Exchange. All the Service's clearinghouses may be contacted on 800-851-3420 (toll-free); or in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area on 301-251-5500. The NCJRS Electronic Bulletin Board, with 3,000 registered users, makes NCJRS' services available online. The Bulletin Board may be accessed by modem on 301-738-8895. Organizations and individuals may register to receive information from the National Criminal Justice Reference Service by writing NCJRS, Box 6000, 1600 Research Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850. Small Business Activities Contract information for small businesses can be obtained from the Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Department of Justice, Tenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202-616-0521. For further information concerning the Department of Justice, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Department of Justice, Tenth Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202-514-2007 (voice); 202-786-5731 (TDD). Internet, http://www.usdoj.gov/.