Federal Lands: Wildfire Preparedness and Suppression Expenditures for
Fiscal Years 1993 through 1997 (Testimony, 08/04/98, GAO/T-RCED-98-247).

Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed the federal land
management agencies' wildfire expenditures, focusing on: (1) the amount
of funds expended on wildfire preparedness and suppression activities
and the types of activities covered by these expenditures; and (2)
assistance provided to state firefighting efforts by the land management
agencies.

GAO noted that: (1) the federal land management agencies expended about
$4.4 billion on wildfire activities for fiscal years (FY) 1993 through
1997; (2) included in this amount was about $2.1 billion for
preparedness activities and about $2.3 billion for wildfire suppression;
(3) for both preparedness and suppression, the largest expenditure
categories were personnel, and services and supplies; (4) for FY 1993
through FY 1997, the five land management agencies provided assistance
to state and local firefighting efforts through cooperative agreements,
provided grants valued at about $83 million, and loaned excess federal
property worth about $700 million; (5) wildfire preparedness
expenditures increased slightly during the reporting period because, by
their very nature, they can be planned, while suppression expenditures
varied greatly because they are directly related to the intensity of
wildfires in a given year; and (6) for example, in FY 1996, about 20,000
wildfires burned almost 4 million acres, resulting in total wildfire
suppression expenditures of about $689 million, whereas wildfire
suppression expenditures declined to about $281 million in FY 1997, when
only about 14,000 wildfires consumed about 2 million acres.

--------------------------- Indexing Terms -----------------------------

 REPORTNUM:  T-RCED-98-247
     TITLE:  Federal Lands: Wildfire Preparedness and Suppression 
             Expenditures for Fiscal Years 1993 through 1997
      DATE:  08/04/98
   SUBJECT:  Emergency preparedness
             Forest conservation
             Forest management
             Public lands
             Federal aid to states
             Fire fighters
             Budget outlays
             Federal/state relations
IDENTIFIER:  Forest Service Federal Excess Personal Property Program
             
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Cover
================================================================ COVER


Before the Subcommittee on Forests and Forest Health, Committee on
Resources, House of Representatives

For Release
on Delivery
Expected at
10 a.m.  EDT
Tuesday
August 4, 1998

FEDERAL LANDS - WILDFIRE
PREPAREDNESS AND SUPPRESSION
EXPENDITURES FOR FISCAL YEARS 1993
THROUGH 1997

Statement of Barry T.  Hill, Associate Director
Energy, Resources, and Science Issues,
Resources, Community, and Economic
Development Division

GAO/T-RCED-98-247

GAO/RCED-98-247T


(141205)


Abbreviations
=============================================================== ABBREV


============================================================ Chapter 0

Madam Chairman and Members of the Subcommittee: 

We are pleased to be here today to discuss wildfire expenditures of
the major federal land management agencies:  the Forest Service, the
Bureau of Land Management, the National Park Service, the Bureau of
Indian Affairs, and the Fish and Wildlife Service.  As requested, we
will present information on (1) the amount of funds expended on
wildfire preparedness and suppression activities and the types of
activities covered by these expenditures and (2) assistance provided
to state firefighting efforts by the land management agencies.  Our
comments today are based on the two reports we issued to you and the
Chairman of the House Resources Committee.\1 The information in those
reports is based on financial and program data supplied by the
federal land management agencies for fiscal years 1993 through
1997.\2

In summary, the federal land management agencies: 

  -- expended about $4.4 billion on wildfire activities for fiscal
     years 1993 through 1997.  Included in this amount was about $2.1
     billion for preparedness activities and about $2.3 billion for
     wildfire suppression.  For both preparedness and suppression,
     the largest expenditure categories were personnel, and services
     and supplies, and

  -- for fiscal years 1993 through 1997, the five land management
     agencies provided assistance to state and local firefighting
     efforts through cooperative agreements, provided grants valued
     at about $83 million, and loaned excess federal property worth
     about $700 million. 

Wildfire preparedness expenditures increased slightly during the
reporting period because, by their very nature, they can be planned,
while suppression expenditures varied greatly because they are
directly related to the number and intensity of wildfires in a given
year.  For example, in fiscal year 1996, about 20,000 wildfires
burned almost 4 million acres, resulting in total wildfire
suppression expenditures of about $689 million; whereas, wildfire
suppression expenditures declined to about $281 million in fiscal
year 1997 when only about 14,000 wildfires consumed about 2 million
acres. 

I will now discuss, in detail, the major categories of wildfire
expenditures by the federal land management agencies and the types of
assistance provided to states. 


--------------------
\1 Federal Lands:  Information About Land Management Agencies'
Wildfire Preparedness Activities (GAO/RCED-98-48R, Dec.  18, 1997)
and Federal Lands:  Land Management Agencies' Wildfire Suppression
Expenditures (GAO/RCED-98-140R, Apr.  10, 1998). 

\2 The report on wildfire preparedness activities covered the period
fiscal years 1992 through 1996, because, at the time of that review,
fiscal year 1997 data were not available.  We have updated the
preparedness data for this testimony to include the period fiscal
years 1993 through 1997, which is consistent with the data in our
report on wildfire suppression expenditures. 


   WILDFIRE PREPAREDNESS AND
   SUPPRESSION ACTIVITIES
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:1

Wildfire preparedness activities are those activities undertaken
before the actual onset of a wildfire.  Such activities include the
land management agencies providing fire management programs through
training, planning, staffing, and providing firefighting equipment. 
Wildfire preparedness also includes programs to reduce flammable
materials on the forest floor, such as fallen trees and dry
underbrush. 

Suppression activities include actions taken to put out wildfires,
including the use of firefighting personnel and equipment. 
Suppression activities also include emergency rehabilitation
following a wildfire.  Various rehabilitation actions are carried out
to prevent land degradation, resource losses, soil erosion, or other
conditions or damage caused by wildfires. 

For fiscal years 1993 through 1997, the land management agencies
spent about $2.1 billion on wildfire preparedness activities.  As
shown in figure 1, total expenditures for wildfire preparedness
activities increased slightly during the period, from about $371
million in fiscal year 1993 to about $483 million in fiscal year
1997. 

   Figure 1:  Total Wildfire
   Preparedness Expenditures for
   Fiscal Years 1993 Through 1997

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

During fiscal years 1993 through 1997, the Forest Service, spent the
most on wildfire preparedness activities, about $1.4 billion,
followed by the Bureau of Land Management at about $350 million. 

For this period, the largest preparedness expenditures were for
personnel--about $1.2 billion.  Personnel costs include salary and
benefits for full-time employees and salaries for part-time
employees.  This includes permanent employees, as well as seasonal
and temporary ones, hired in anticipation of actually fighting
wildfires when they occur. 

The second largest expenditure category was services and
supplies--about $541 million.  This category includes contracts for
airplanes, helicopters, and personal services; maintenance contracts
for equipment; office supplies; and fuel for vehicles and aircraft. 
As with some personnel expenditures, some expenditures for services
and supplies were also made in anticipation of actually using them
when wildfires occur. 

For fiscal years 1993 through 1997, the land management agencies
spent about $2.3 billion on wildfire suppression activities.  The
acreage consumed by wildfires varied greatly from year to year. 
Similarly, as shown in figure 2, total wildfire suppression
expenditures varied greatly during the reporting period ranging from
a low of about $187 million in fiscal year 1993 to a high of about
$858 million in fiscal year 1994. 

   Figure 2:  Total wildfire
   Suppression Expenditures for
   Fiscal Years 1993 Through 1997

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

During fiscal years 1993 through 1997, the Forest Service spent the
most on wildfire suppression activities, about $1.7 billion, followed
by the Bureau of Land Management at about $360 million.  For this
period, the largest category of expenditures was for services and
supplies--about $1.2 billion.  These expenditures included the actual
costs of aircraft for fighting the wildfires, the costs of contracts
to maintain all types of equipment, the costs of feeding firefighting
personnel, and the costs of fuel for vehicles and aircraft. 

The second largest expenditure category was personnel--about $941
million.  These expenditures included the hazard pay and overtime
costs of permanent, temporary, and seasonal employees when they were
actually fighting wildfires. 

Other major categories of expenditures for both wildfire preparedness
and suppression activities included:  travel; rent, communications,
and utilities; transportation of things; grants and claims; and
equipment, land, and structures.  (See app.  I for details on the
total amount of wildfire preparedness and suppression expenditures
for each of the land management agencies, as well as, a description
of the amounts of these expenditures by category for each agency.)


   ASSISTANCE PROVIDED TO STATE
   FIREFIGHTING EFFORTS
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:2

All of the land management agencies enter into cooperative agreements
with state and local entities for wildfire activities.  In addition,
the Forest Service has two grant programs to provide states with
funds for wildfire preparedness activities and a program to loan
excess federal equipment to state governments for firefighting
purposes. 

The activities covered by these grants and cooperative agreements
include fire prevention, environmental education, training, and
developing procedures for fighting fires.  The agencies do not charge
each other for these services.  Federal and state fire agencies also
work cooperatively through the Wildfire Coordinating Group to
establish common standards on a wide variety of items,\3 such as
position qualifications, training, communications, fire behavior
predictions, and fire weather forecasting. 

The Forest Service administers two grant programs authorized by the
Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 that provide funds to
states for wildfire preparedness activities--the Rural Fire
Prevention and Control and the Rural Community Fire Protection grant
programs.\4 Both grant programs are matching programs, that is, the
entities receiving the grants must match them in dollar amounts or
in-kind contributions.  For fiscal years 1993 through 1997, the
Forest Service provided a total of about $69 million to the states
through these two grant programs. 

Moneys from both of the above grant programs were used to enhance
state and local firefighting capabilities.  For example, Georgia
received, in fiscal year 1997, about $428,500 to, among other things,
update state, district, and county strategic fire plans; provide
smoke management training to ensure that prescribed burning can
continue; train and equip Georgia Forestry Commission personnel; and
provide a basic rural fire protection course to local fire
departments. 

Similarly, in fiscal year 1997, Idaho received about $323,000 from
the grant programs.  Idaho used its moneys to, among other things,
prepare a statewide fire report, pay for personnel at two dispatch
centers, pay the state's portion of the cost of a fire retardant
aircraft, provide personal protective fire safety equipment to fire
districts, and train personnel in structural and wildland fire
control techniques.  The Forest Service also manages the Federal
Excess Personal Property Program,\5 which loans excess federal
property to state and local firefighters.  Under this program,
administered by state foresters, excess federal property (generally
from the Department of Defense) that can be used directly in
firefighting or converted to firefighting use can be loaned to
states.  The types of excess property loaned range from shovels to
helicopters; most are trucks that can be readily converted to tankers
or pumpers.  Other common items loaned include generators, pumps,
fire hoses, breathing apparatus, and personal protective clothing. 
During fiscal years 1993 through 1997, the Forest Service loaned
excess federal personal property valued at about $700 million to
states for use in wildfire preparedness activities. 

From lists of excess federal property maintained by the General
Services Administration, states identify excess property they want to
borrow.  The states are responsible for removing the excess property,
refurbishing it, and keeping track of its location.  When a state no
longer needs the loaned property, it is returned to the Forest
Service for disposal or re-loaned to another state. 

According to the Forest Service, most of the excess property loaned
to the states is in poor condition and requires extensive
rehabilitation to convert it into firefighting equipment.  The cost
of converting the excess property is, however, much less than the
cost to purchase new equipment, and the states use some of their
grant moneys to rehabilitate the loaned property. 

The loaned property can become important firefighting tools for local
fire departments.  For example, Wyoming state fire personnel, in
November 1994, received 31, 2-1/2 ton trucks and two air compressors. 
Within weeks, one local fire department was able to use one of the
excess trucks that had been converted into a 1,000-gallon wildland
firefighting engine, and one Wyoming county built a compressed air
foam system on an excess military truck at a cost of $58,000;
purchasing a new commercial engine would have cost between $175,000
and $200,000. 


--------------------
\3 The Wildfire Coordinating Group consists of representatives from
each of the federal land management agencies and state foresters. 

\4 The Rural Community Fire Protection Program was originally
authorized by the Rural Development Act of 1972.  The Cooperative
Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 repealed this provision of the 1972
act and authorized the Rural Community Fire Protection Program under
the 1978 act. 

\5 The Federal Excess Personal Property Program is authorized by
section 203 of the Department of Agriculture Organic Act of 1944, the
Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, and section
10 of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978. 


-------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:2.1

Madam Chairman, this concludes my statement.  We would be happy to
respond to any questions that you or other Members of the
Subcommittee may have. 


WILDFIRE EXPENDITURES, FISCAL
YEARS 1993 THROUGH 1997
=========================================================== Appendix I



                                        Table I.1
                         
                            Land Management Agencies' Wildfire
                         Expenditures, Fiscal Years 1993 Through
                                           1997

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                      Fiscal year
             --------------------------------------------------------------
Agency             1993          1994        1995          1996        1997  5-year total
-----------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ------------
Forest Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes    $247,678      $260,200    $287,018      $287,906    $326,146    $1,408,948
 s
Suppression     121,383       690,930     197,573       524,825     178,095     1,712,806

Bureau of Land Management
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes      68,707        61,493      66,998        66,880      86,410       350,488
 s
Suppression      40,339        97,115      63,792        98,433      60,305       359,984

National Park Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes      15,427        15,344      13,559        19,465      18,584        82,379
 s
Suppression       5,006        14,104      21,257        19,891       6,845        67,103

Bureau of Indian Affairs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes      24,230        25,112      24,133        25,704      34,322       133,501
 s
Suppression      18,969        52,417      37,753        43,510      32,770       185,419

Fish and Wildlife Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes      15,244        14,242      13,745        15,320      17,875        76,426
 s
Suppression       1,616         3,281       1,675         2,643       2,685        11,900
=========================================================================================
Total\a        $558,599    $1,234,238    $727,503    $1,104,577    $764,037    $4,388,954
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  The suppression expenditures shown in this and all following
tables include funds spent on both suppression and emergency
rehabilitation activities. 

\a These totals do not include about $83 million in grants to states
for wildfire preparedness activities. 



                                        Table I.2
                         
                            Land Management Agencies' Wildfire
                          Expenditures by Category, Fiscal Years
                                    1993 Through 1997

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                      Fiscal year
             --------------------------------------------------------------
Expenditure
category           1993          1994        1995          1996        1997  5-year total
-----------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ------------
Personnel costs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes    $218,180      $225,104    $240,232      $250,674    $292,540    $1,226,730
 s
Suppression      79,180       338,484     141,614       264,605     116,832       940,715

Travel
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes      10,872        10,827      12,954        10,347      15,883        60,883
 s
Suppression       3,876        27,453      11,728        24,778       6,017        73,852

Transportation
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes       4,832         5,125       5,314         4,651       5,242        25,164
 s
Suppression       3,945        13,388       4,422         7,548       2,886        32,189

Rent, communications, and utilities
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes      11,324        13,434      13,443        15,326      16,578        70,105
 s
Suppression       3,226        23,754       7,109        13,124       2,543        49,756

Services and supplies
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes     103,211        96,127     106,709       108,703     126,625       541,375
 s
Suppression      94,274       456,857     147,217       363,817     140,145     1,202,310

Equipment, land, and structures
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes      17,464        17,242      19,412        18,549      23,593        96,260
 s
Suppression         681         2,548       1,488         1,535       1,482         7,734

Grants and claims\a
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes       2,809         2,440       3,160         4,216         960        13,585
 s
Suppression         933         1,473       6,453         4,935       5,404        19,198

Other\b
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes       2,594         6,092       4,229         2,809       1,915        17,639
 s
Suppression       1,198      -6,110\c       2,018         8,959       5,392        11,457
=========================================================================================
Total\d        $558,599    $1,234,238    $727,502    $1,104,576    $764,037    $4,388,952
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a These totals do not include about $83 million in grants to states
for wildfire preparedness activities. 

\b Other expenditures included, among other things: 
loans/investments, refunds, and internal transactions.  Because these
preparedness expenditures were relatively small, we combined them for
reporting purposes. 

\c The negative amount reflects reimbursements from state or local
entities that could not be assigned an expenditure category related
to the original expenditure. 

\d Totals sometimes do not exactly equal those in table I.1 because
of rounding. 



                                        Table I.3
                         
                            Land Management Agencies' Wildfire
                         Expenditures for Personnel Costs, Fiscal
                                 Years 1993 Through 1997

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                      Fiscal year
             --------------------------------------------------------------
Agency             1993          1994        1995          1996        1997  5-year total
-----------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ------------
Forest Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes    $152,554      $158,152    $171,806      $179,138    $201,923      $863,573
 s
Suppression      50,804       257,461      86,939       188,277      68,385       651,866

Bureau of Land Management
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes      40,107        40,252      40,956        42,329      48,108       211,752
 s
Suppression      15,441        36,427      25,842        40,042      22,514       140,266

National Park Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes       8,219         8,754       9,450        10,769      12,435        49,627
 s
Suppression       2,754         9,826      10,518         8,911       3,830        35,839

Bureau of Indian Affairs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes      10,266        10,776      10,683        10,465      20,395        62,585
 s
Suppression       9,400        32,562      17,132        25,609      20,367       105,070

Fish and Wildlife Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes       7,034         7,170       7,337         7,973       9,679        39,193
 s
Suppression         781         2,208       1,183         1,766       1,736         7,674
=========================================================================================
Total          $297,360      $563,588    $381,846      $515,279    $409,372    $2,167,445
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  Personnel expenditures include salary and benefit costs for
full-time employees and salary costs for part-time employees. 



                                        Table I.4
                         
                            Land Management Agencies' Wildfire
                          Expenditures for Travel, Fiscal Years
                                    1993 Through 1997

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                      Fiscal year
             --------------------------------------------------------------
Agency             1993          1994        1995          1996        1997  5-year total
-----------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ------------
Forest Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes      $7,017        $7,222      $8,981        $6,792     $10,613       $40,625
 s
Suppression       2,719        23,176       8,636        20,723       4,260        59,514

Bureau of Land Management
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes       1,714         1,490       1,890         1,406       2,446         8,946
 s
Suppression         338         2,425         865         2,455         920         7,003

National Park Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes       1,091         1,040         972         1,144       1,570         5,817
 s
Suppression         176           560         861           659         306         2,562

Bureau of Indian Affairs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes         414           465         492           433         477         2,281
 s
Suppression         570         1,077       1,271           716         479         4,113

Fish and Wildlife Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes         636           610         619           572         777         3,214
 s
Suppression          73           215          95           225          52           660
=========================================================================================
Total           $14,748       $38,280     $24,682       $35,125     $21,900      $134,735
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  Travel includes the costs incurred while persons are on travel
status, such as per diem and cost of transportation, lodging, and
rental vehicles. 



                                        Table I.5
                         
                            Land Management Agencies' Wildfire
                          Expenditures for Transportation Costs,
                              Fiscal Years 1993 Through 1997

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                      Fiscal year
             --------------------------------------------------------------
Agency             1993          1994        1995          1996        1997  5-year total
-----------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ------------
Forest Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes      $1,533        $1,740      $2,090        $1,772      $2,074        $9,209
 s
Suppression       2,110        10,478       2,156         4,581         662        19,987

Bureau of Land Management
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes       1,868         1,842       1,759         1,340       1,932         8,741
 s
Suppression       1,335         2,410       1,646         2,320       1,539         9,250

National Park Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes         412           364         395           480         490         2,141
 s
Suppression          56            68          89            92          64           369

Bureau of Indian Affairs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes         934         1,085         925           852         619         4,415
 s
Suppression         442           432         532           554         619         2,579

Fish and Wildlife Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes          85            94         145           207         127           658
 s
Suppression           2             0          -1             1           2             4
=========================================================================================
Total            $8,777       $18,513      $9,736       $12,199      $8,128       $57,353
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  Transportation of things includes the costs to rent commercial
vehicles, parcel post costs, and costs to transport household goods
for a change of duty station. 



                                        Table I.6
                         
                            Land Management Agencies' Wildfire
                         Expenditures for Rents, Communications,
                         and Utilities, Fiscal Years 1993 Through
                                           1997

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                      Fiscal year
             --------------------------------------------------------------
Agency             1993          1994        1995          1996        1997  5-year total
-----------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ------------
Forest Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes      $9,222       $11,697     $11,719       $13,644     $14,609       $60,891
 s
Suppression       2,220        18,493       2,774         8,485       1,172        33,144

Bureau of Land Management
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes       1,652         1,294       1,324         1,257       1,445         6,972
 s
Suppression         760         4,292       2,520         2,738         723        11,033

National Park Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes          88            94          74            87         103           446
 s
Suppression          13           380       1,359           582         346         2,680

Bureau of Indian Affairs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes         238           261         197           216         255         1,167
 s
Suppression         223           578         455         1,312         292         2,860

Fish and Wildlife Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes         124            88         129           122         166           629
 s
Suppression          10            11           1             7          10            39
=========================================================================================
Total           $14,550       $37,188     $20,552       $28,450     $19,121      $119,861
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  Included in rent, communications, and utilities are charges
for rent paid to the General Services Administration or commercial
real estate operators, charges for telephones and other communication
services, postage, computer and copier equipment rental, and utility
charges. 



                                        Table I.7
                         
                            Land Management Agencies' Wildfire
                         Expenditures for Services and Supplies,
                              Fiscal Years 1993 Through 1997

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                      Fiscal year
             --------------------------------------------------------------
Agency             1993          1994        1995          1996        1997  5-year total
-----------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ------------
Forest Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes     $67,387       $66,203     $75,330       $73,841     $80,938      $363,699
 s
Suppression      62,043       385,312      90,223       292,152      95,413       925,143

Bureau of Land Management
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes      20,080        13,865      18,909        18,441      25,687        96,982
 s
Suppression      22,222        50,841      32,423        50,190      33,264       188,940

National Park Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes       4,043         3,104       1,449         3,460       2,928        14,984
 s
Suppression       1,984         3,231       8,353         9,548       2,274        25,390

Bureau of Indian Affairs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes       7,638         8,847       7,568         9,075      12,537        45,665
 s
Suppression       7,378        16,655      15,836        11,301       8,504        59,674

Fish and Wildlife Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes       4,063         4,108       3,453         3,886       4,535        20,045
 s
Suppression         647           818         382           626         690         3,163
=========================================================================================
Total          $197,485      $552,984    $253,926      $472,520    $266,770    $1,743,685
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  Services and supplies include expenditures for, among other
things, maintenance contracts on equipment; various contracts for
airplanes and helicopters, personal services, and research; office
supplies; fuel for vehicles and aircraft; and commercial printing and
reproduction. 



                                        Table I.8
                         
                            Land Management Agencies' Wildfire
                          Expenditures for Equipment, Land, and
                          Structures, Fiscal Years 1993 Through
                                           1997

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                      Fiscal year
             --------------------------------------------------------------
Agency             1993          1994        1995          1996        1997  5-year total
-----------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ------------
Forest Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes      $6,986        $8,473     $12,570        $9,541     $13,452       $51,022
 s
Suppression         239         1,627         736           650         214         3,466

Bureau of Land Management
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes       3,226         2,692       2,150         2,098       6,779        16,945
 s
Suppression         237           712         478           676       1,165         3,268

National Park Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes       1,574         1,983       1,150         3,362         982         9,051
 s
Suppression          10            20          70            93          28           221

Bureau of Indian Affairs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes       2,545         2,218       1,662         1,201          41         7,667
 s
Suppression         187           187         202           113          41           730

Fish and Wildlife Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes       3,133         1,876       1,880         2,347       2,339        11,575
 s
Suppression           8             2           2             3          34            49
=========================================================================================
Total           $18,145       $19,790     $20,900       $20,084     $25,075      $103,994
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  Equipment, land, and structure expenditures include: 
capitalized and noncapitalized equipment; easements; and buildings
and other structures, such as roads. 



                                        Table I.9
                         
                            Land Management Agencies' Wildfire
                           Expenditures for Grants and Claims,
                              Fiscal Years 1993 Through 1997

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                      Fiscal year
             --------------------------------------------------------------
Agency             1993          1994        1995          1996        1997  5-year total
-----------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ------------
Forest Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes        $385          $622        $294          $372        $637        $2,310
 s
Suppression          64           514       4,092           998       2,599         8,267

Bureau of Land Management
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes          60            58          11             8          13           150
 s
Suppression           7             7          17            11         178           220

National Park Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes           0             4          68           162          56           290
 s
Suppression          -1            -1           5             5          -3             5

Bureau of Indian Affairs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes       2,195         1,460       2,606         3,462           2         9,725
 s
Suppression         769           926       2,325         3,906       2,468        10,394

Fish and Wildlife Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparednes         169           296         181           212         252         1,110
 s
Suppression          94            27          14            15         162           312
=========================================================================================
Total\a          $3,742        $3,913      $9,613        $9,151      $6,364       $32,783
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a These totals do not include about $83 million in grants to states
for wildfire preparedness activities. 

Note:  Grants and claims expenditures would include cooperative
agreements and insurance claims. 


*** End of document. ***