International Affairs: Activities of Domestic Agencies (Testimony,
06/04/98, GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174).

GAO discussed: (1) the nature and magnitude of U.S. international
involvement through programs and activities funded in accounts other
than the international affairs budget account (150 account), including
examples of the associated activities and the agencies; (2) the
increasing participation of domestic agencies in international
activities and the complexities of this involvement; and (3) how the
1993 Government Performance and Results Act could be used as a tool for
addressing coordination issues and congressional oversight challenges
that emanate from the changing and growing U.S. engagement with other
countries.

GAO noted that: (1) the U.S. government is engaged in a wide variety of
programs and activities that affect governments, institutions, and
peoples of other countries; (2) coming to an accurate understanding of
how much money is spent on international activities outside the 150
budget account is difficult because there are no broadly accepted
criteria for what constitutes an international affairs activity or
foreign assistance; (3) some programs cannot easily be classified as
international or domestic because they serve more than one function, and
it is often difficult to distinguish between national and international
objectives; (4) GAO's analysis of fiscal year 1998 appropriations
indicates that non-150 account activities that have international
aspects but serve primarily U.S. domestic needs are numerous, varied,
and widely distributed across the U.S. government; (5) GAO identified
approximately $7.6 billion in appropriations for non-150 account
programs and activities that parallel one or more of the international
affairs programs and activities in the 150 account; (6) while these
programs and activities are related to U.S. international affairs, they
directly meet national needs and serve to enhance national defense,
agricultural promotion, law enforcement, environmental protection, and
other missions; (7) while GAO was not able to firmly establish trends in
spending on international-related activities by domestic agencies, GAO
determined that these agencies have direct and broad involvement in
furthering U.S. policy objectives; (8) the growth in international crime
has led to expansion in U.S. overseas law enforcement activities; (9)
increasing technical complexity of international issues has necessitated
more partnerships between domestic technical agencies and their foreign
counterparts; (10) this web of programs and activities presents
management complexities, mainly coordination problems among the several
agencies that are pursuing their own separate and distinct mandates;
(11) in light of this changing environment, congressional oversight over
international affairs will necessarily involve a broad view of the
variety of activities and amount of spending throughout the government
that are aimed at achieving a particular goal; and (12) the Results Act
offers a useful framework for identifying cross-cutting issues among
agencies and improving coordination and oversight.

--------------------------- Indexing Terms -----------------------------

 REPORTNUM:  T-NSIAD-98-174
     TITLE:  International Affairs: Activities of Domestic Agencies
      DATE:  06/04/98
   SUBJECT:  Interagency relations
             Foreign aid programs
             International relations
             Money laundering
             Congressional oversight
             International organizations
             Law enforcement
             Foreign economic assistance
IDENTIFIER:  DOD Cooperative Threat Reduction Program
             NATO Partnership for Peace Program
             Soviet Union
             Bosnia
             Mexico
             EPA Integrated Environmental Plan for the Mexico-U.S. 
             Border Area
             UN Children's Fund
             Government Performance and Results Act
             GPRA
             
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Cover
================================================================ COVER


Before the Task Force on International Affairs, Committee on the
Budget, U.S.  Senate

For Release on Delivery
Expected at
10:00 a.m., EDT
Thursday,
June 4, 1998

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS - ACTIVITIES
OF DOMESTIC AGENCIES

Statement of Benjamin F.  Nelson, Director, International Relations
and Trade Issues, National Security and International Affairs
Division

GAO/T-NSIAD-98-174

GAO/NSIAD-98-174T

International Affairs

(711317)


Abbreviations
=============================================================== ABBREV

  NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization

============================================================ Chapter 0

Mr.  Chairman and Members of the Task Force: 

I am pleased to be here today to discuss U.S.  government spending on
international programs and activities.  When policymakers and
analysts discuss U.S.  spending for international endeavors, in most
cases, they focus on the activities and programs funded by the
international affairs budget account (the 150 account).\1 The 150
account funds U.S.  embassies abroad as well as the bulk of foreign
aid.  It also pays the cost of U.S.  membership in international
organizations, such as the United Nations and the World Bank, and
operations of foreign affairs agencies, such as the State Department
and the U.S.  Agency for International Development.  In fiscal year
1998, the Congress appropriated about $19 billion for such programs. 
However, many international activities similar to those funded in the
150 account are conducted by a host of domestic agencies through
other budget accounts. 

My remarks today are intended to first illuminate the nature and
magnitude of U.S.  international involvement through programs and
activities funded in accounts other than the 150 account, including
examples of the associated activities and the agencies.  Then I will
discuss the increasing participation of domestic agencies in
international activities and the complexities of this involvement. 
Finally, I will make some observations on how the 1993 Government
Performance and Results Act could be used as a tool for addressing
coordination issues and congressional oversight challenges that
emanate from the changing and growing U.S.  engagement with other
countries. 


--------------------
\1 Throughout this statement, the term "account" refers to a U.S. 
budget function. 


   SUMMARY
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:1

The U.S.  government is engaged in a wide variety of programs and
activities that affect the governments, institutions, and peoples of
other countries.  Coming to an accurate understanding of just how
much money is spent on international activities outside the
international affairs, or 150, budget account is difficult, however,
because there are no broadly accepted criteria for what constitutes
an international affairs activity or foreign assistance.  Some
analysts may use a very broad definition and include the $1.9 billion
in Social Security payments made annually to beneficiaries living
overseas; others may use a more limited definition and count only the
bilateral assistance funded in the 150 account (about $5.2 billion). 
Moreover, some programs cannot easily be classified as international
or domestic because they serve more than one function, and it is
often difficult to distinguish between national and international
objectives.  One example may be the law enforcement assistance we
provide overseas because of the international nature of organized
crime.  This assistance often has the dual objectives of
strengthening foreign countries' law enforcement capabilities and of
combating crime that affects the United States.  What is clear, as
this example illustrates, is that considering only the 150 account
does not give a complete picture of U.S.  international engagement. 

Our analysis of fiscal year 1998 appropriations indicates that
non-150 account activities that have international aspects but serve
primarily U.S.  domestic needs are numerous, varied, and widely
distributed across the U.S.  government.  Many U.S.  government
agencies and nearly every Department are engaged in some sort of
activity involving other countries or international organizations. 
Fiscal year 1998 appropriations include funding for at least 70
different programs that bear a close resemblance to one or more of
those in the 150 account. 

We identified approximately $7.6 billion in appropriations for
non-150 account programs and activities that parallel one or more of
the international affairs programs and activities in the 150 account. 
About
90 percent of these appropriations are designated for specific
efforts of the Departments of Agriculture, Defense, and Energy,
including about $5.4 billion for military activities, such as
peacekeeping efforts in Bosnia.  While these programs and activities
are related to U.S.  international affairs, they directly meet
national needs and serve to enhance national defense, agricultural
promotion, law enforcement, environmental protection, and other
missions.  Some observers may disagree with our characterization of
certain programs as well as our total because the lines between
domestic and international programs and between security and economic
assistance are often blurred.  In addition to the programs we
identified, there is a wide range of other domestic activities that
affect other countries to varying degrees.  We do not mean to
suggest, however, that the non-150 account programs represent hidden
foreign affairs spending or that funding has been misclassified.  We
do believe that the scenario I have just painted presents a challenge
to achieving effective oversight, that is, determining how well
programs are coordinated and are contributing to U.S.  objectives. 

While we were not able to firmly establish trends in spending on
international-related activities by domestic agencies, we determined
that these agencies have direct and broad involvement in furthering
U.S.  policy objectives.  This reflects the complex nature of the
problems we face and the changing objectives, strategies, and
approaches to addressing them; it also reflects the increasingly
interrelated nature of U.S.  economic, security, and domestic
interests.  One good example is the Cooperative Threat Reduction
Program.  It is funded in the defense budget account to assist the
former Soviet Union in reducing the danger of nuclear proliferation
and weapons of mass destruction.  This program is structured in a way
that achieves economic benefits for the former Soviet Union as well
as security benefits for the United States.  Another example is U.S. 
support for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO)
Partnership for Peace program, which was designed to help aspiring
NATO members and others in improving their defense capabilities. 
U.S.  support for this program is funded from both the 150 account
and the 050 defense account.  Similarly, U.S.  contributions to NATO
and activities to train foreign military personnel are also funded
from both accounts. 

On another front, the growth in international crime has led to an
expansion in U.S.  overseas law enforcement activities.  In addition,
the increasing technical complexity of international issues, such as
nuclear nonproliferation and global environmental protection, has
necessitated more partnerships between domestic technical agencies
and their foreign counterparts.  These changes have resulted in an
increase in the number of domestic agency staff located overseas. 

This web of programs and activities presents management complexities,
mainly coordination problems among the several agencies that are
pursuing their own separate and distinct mandates.  For instance, our
reviews of U.S.  aid to the former Soviet Union and U.S.  efforts to
combat money laundering abroad found that the various U.S.  agencies
involved were not always coordinating their activities. 

In light of this changing environment, congressional oversight over
international affairs will necessarily involve a broad view of the
variety of activities and amount of spending throughout the
government that are aimed at achieving a particular goal.  The
Government Performance and Results Act (the Results Act) offers a
useful framework for identifying cross-cutting issues among agencies
and improving coordination and oversight. 


   INTERNATIONAL-RELATED
   APPROPRIATIONS OUTSIDE 150
   ACCOUNT
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:2

Since there are no broadly accepted criteria or a consensus on what
constitutes an international program, it is difficult to come to a
definitive total of just how much money is spent on international
activities outside the 150 account.  However, in preparing for this
testimony, we analyzed fiscal year 1998 appropriations legislation to
identify programs that involve or directly affect the governments and
institutions of other countries.  We identified programs and
activities that parallel those in the 150 account but that satisfy
other national needs.  In many cases, though, we could not isolate
appropriations for the international elements of programs that
contain both domestic and international components.  We recognize
that because the lines between domestic and international activities
are often blurred, some observers could disagree with how we
characterized these activities.  Moreover, we do not mean to imply
that these non-150 account activities are misclassified.  Nor do we
believe that this constitutes hidden foreign affairs spending. 
Rather, it reflects the increasingly complex and often international
nature of the issues U.S.  government agencies face. 


      INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
      PROGRAMS DIRECTLY RELATED TO
      150 ACCOUNT ACTIVITIES
-------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:2.1

Many international programs in a variety of budget accounts are
similar to those funded in the 150 account.  For example,

  -- the defense budget account (050 account) funds U.S.  support for
     NATO's Partnership for Peace program to promote democracy,
     expand cooperation, and strengthen relationships between NATO
     and nonmember countries;

  -- the natural resources and environment budget account (300
     account) funds support for developing countries to reduce the
     manufacture and use of ozone-depleting substances; and

  -- the commerce and housing credit budget account (370 account)
     funds a variety of Department of Commerce programs and
     activities aimed at promoting U.S.  exports and international
     trade. 

According to Office of Management and Budget staff, although programs
like these are related to international affairs, they fall outside
the 150 account because they primarily meet national needs and serve
other major missions, such as ensuring national defense or promoting
U.S.  agriculture. 

Placement of program funding in a particular budget account sometimes
appears to have more to do with which Department or agency is
administering a program than the nature of the program itself.  For
example, the cost of subsidies distributed by the U.S.  Export-Import
Bank to finance the export of U.S.  capital equipment, projects, and
services is funded through the 150 account.  However, similar
subsidies for agricultural exports, distributed by the Department of
Agriculture's Commodity Credit Corporation, are funded through the
350 agriculture account. 

Many programs defy simple classification as international or
domestic.  For example, many have national security as well as
foreign relations aspects, and funding may be divided between the 150
and the 050 defense accounts.  Part of the U.S.  contribution to
NATO's operations, for instance, is funded in the 150 account, along
with contributions to other international organizations; other U.S. 
contributions for NATO's military infrastructure, are funded through
the 050 defense account.  Similarly, funding for U.S.  activities to
train foreign military personnel is included in both budget accounts. 
Funding for other programs is sometimes moved between accounts,
reflecting the difficulty in categorizing programs that serve both
domestic and international affairs purposes.  For example, in fiscal
year 1998, funding for a major component of the U.S.  food aid
program was reallocated from the 150 account to the 350 agriculture
account to reflect the program's changing priority.  This program has
a dual nature because it serves international affairs objectives by
providing assistance to developing countries and agricultural
objectives by promoting U.S.  agricultural exports. 

Some key U.S.  domestic concerns originate in Mexico.  For example,
serving the domestic interests of ensuring rural development, health,
and environmental protection in southwestern U.S.  border states
entails engagement with Mexico, similar to U.S.  bilateral assistance
programs with other developing countries.  This engagement includes
the activities of the Environmental Protection Agency's U.S.-Mexico
Border Program, the Department of Health and Human Service's
U.S.-Mexico Border Health Commission, and other international
programs. 

Table 1 shows the amounts of non-150 account appropriations we
identified for international activities that parallel those funded in
the 150 account.  (See app.  I for a listing of activities included
in the totals and
app.  II for budget accounts to which agencies' funding is
allocated). 



                                     Table 1
                     
                       Fiscal Year 1998 Appropriations for
                      Activities That Parallel Activities of
                            the 150 account, by Agency

                              (Dollars in thousands)

                     International affairs account activity categories
           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
           Internation
                    al                            Foreign
           development                         informatio
                   and                Conduct       n and  Internation
           humanitaria  Internation        of    exchange           al
Departmen            n  al security   foreign  activities    financial
t/agency    assistance   assistance   affairs          \a     programs     Total
---------  -----------  -----------  --------  ----------  -----------  ========
Agricultu     $196,883               $155,749                 $531,447  $884,079
 re
Commerce                              173,220      $7,250       70,686   251,156
Defense         84,130   $4,855,517   510,074      26,000               5,475,72
                                                                               1
Education                                          66,351                 66,351
Energy                      525,200       970      38,100        1,375   565,645
Environme                             163,019                            163,019
 ntal
 Protecti
 on
 Agency
Health          56,227                  4,565      28,289                 89,081
 and
 Human
 Services
Housing                                               500                    500
 and
 Urban
 Developm
 ent
Interior         1,400                 22,668                             24,068
Justice                                14,294                             14,294
Labor                                  12,095                             12,095
National                                            1,000                  1,000
 Aeronaut
 ics and
 Space
 Administ
 ration
State                                43,992\b                             43,992
Treasury            50                 29,000                    2,000    31,050
Other\c                                 1,200       1,000        3,100     5,300
================================================================================
Total         $338,690   $5,380,717  $1,130,8    $168,490     $608,608  $7,627,3
                                           46                                 51
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Includes international research and development activities. 

\b Includes international commissions funded in the 300 natural
resources and environment account. 

\c Includes Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe,
National Science Foundation, Securities and Exchange Commission, and
Small Business Administration. 

Source:  Our analysis of fiscal year 1998 appropriations data. 


   BROAD INVOLVEMENT OF DOMESTIC
   AGENCIES
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:3

Funding trends for international programs outside the 150 account
were difficult to track because historical funding information for
many of these programs was not available or consistently documented. 
However, we identified several major international initiatives
involving domestic agencies that have begun in recent years, and
overseas staffing by these agencies has increased to meet new
challenges.  In addition to programs that parallel those in the 150
account, the U.S.  government is engaged in a wide range of domestic
activities that affect other countries and that are conducted largely
to directly protect domestic interests.  However, it is difficult to
identify and quantify all of the U.S.  government activities that
affect foreign countries, especially since the degree of impact
varies widely among programs. 


      NEW INTERNATIONAL
      INITIATIVES INVOLVING
      DOMESTIC AGENCIES
-------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:3.1

In the past several years, the U.S.  government has undertaken
several major international initiatives that are supported by non-150
accounts.  One prominent example is the Department of Defense's
Cooperative Threat Reduction Program, initiated in fiscal year 1992,
to assist the countries of the former Soviet Union in reducing the
danger of nuclear proliferation and weapons of mass destruction; this
program has cost about $400 million per year.  In 1993, a joint
initiative by the Departments of Energy and Defense was begun to
improve nuclear material protection, control, and accounting in the
former Soviet Union; the annual cost of this program has increased
from about $5 million in fiscal year 1993 to $137 million in fiscal
year 1998.  Also, since the signing of the Dayton peace agreement in
December 1995, the Department of Defense has spent an average of
about $2.5 billion a year to uphold peace in Bosnia as part of a
multilateral coalition under NATO.  In addition, the Department of
Justice has been expanding the Federal Bureau of Investigation's
Legal Attachï¿½ Program, which posts agents overseas to help fight
international crime, from 26 offices in fiscal year 1996 to a target
level of 42 in fiscal year 1998.\2


--------------------
\2 Few of the international-related programs we identified have been
reduced significantly since fiscal year 1992.  The most significant
exception is the Department of Agriculture's Public Law 480 direct
loan program.  Its funding has decreased in real terms by 58 percent
since fiscal year 1992, from about $430 million to about $180 million
in fiscal year 1998. 


      INCREASE IN OVERSEAS
      STAFFING
-------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:3.2

Domestic agencies have been increasing the number of employees that
are posted overseas, while traditional foreign affairs agencies, like
the State Department, have been reducing their staffing levels for
the past 10 years.  Although the total number of U.S.  personnel
posted in U.S.  diplomatic missions abroad has changed little over
the past 10 years, the portion from domestic agencies has increased
by 25 percent, from about 8,000 positions in fiscal year 1988 to over
10,000 in 1998 (see table 2). 



                                Table 2
                
                  U.S. Direct Hire Personnel Posted at
                  Diplomatic Missions Overseas--1988,
                             1992, and 1998

Source                              1988           1992           1998
-------------------------  -------------  -------------  -------------
Foreign affairs agencies           9,858          9,646          7,573
Domestic agencies                  7,932          8,260         10,118
======================================================================
Total                             17,790         17,906         17,691
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Source:  Our analysis of State Department data. 

The broad distribution of funding across U.S.  government agencies
reflects the multifaceted nature of U.S.  international relations and
the extensive development of staff expertise, technology, and other
resources throughout the government.  Traditional foreign affairs
agencies, including the State Department, the U.S.  Agency for
International Development, and the U.S.  Information Agency, have
extensively relied on field experts from domestic agencies to conduct
international relations.  Many domestic agencies are also engaged in
foreign relations, working directly with their overseas counterparts. 

Domestic agencies support foreign policy and international affairs
activities of foreign affairs agencies in many ways.  A number of
these agencies provide expert knowledge on foreign policy matters
that informs international negotiations and supports the State
Department in its advocacy of U.S.  policy with other governments. 
For example, the Department of Labor's Bureau of International Labor
Affairs assists in formulating international economic, trade, and
immigration policies affecting U.S.  workers.  Other domestic
agencies provide logistical support for some of the international
initiatives of foreign affairs agencies.  This includes the airlift
services provided by the Department of Defense for some humanitarian
relief efforts of the U.S.  Agency for International Development,
including those recently undertaken in Haiti, Bosnia, and Rwanda. 

Domestic agencies also make contributions to a variety of
international organizations.  These are often the same organizations
that are supported by 150 account appropriations.  For example, like
the State Department, the Department of Defense funds U.S. 
contributions to NATO.  Also, the Departments of Health and Human
Services, Commerce, and Agriculture contribute funds to a variety of
U.N.  organizations, including the U.N.  Children's Fund and the U.N. 
Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. 

Domestic agencies also use their expertise in providing assistance to
other countries in pursuit of U.S.  goals.  For example, the
Department of Energy has developed expertise and technology in
handling nuclear materials that it is further developing and sharing
with nations of the former Soviet Union.  The Department of the
Interior has expertise in nature and wildlife conservation, which it
is applying to animals threatened with extinction in Africa and other
parts of the world. 

Domestic agencies often can provide technical expertise, beyond what
the foreign affairs agencies can reasonably develop and maintain, in
implementing international agreements.  For example, the
Environmental Protection Agency has provided experts to assist the
United States and other nations in complying with international
environmental agreements.  In addition, the Department of Defense has
primary responsibility for compliance and monitoring of some arms
control treaties. 

Domestic agencies often facilitate other contacts between the United
States and other countries.  For example, the Department of Education
facilitates academic and interpersonal contacts across borders
through its international education exchange and foreign language
programs.  Also, the Department of Health and Human Services
facilitates international contacts in health science fields through
the international research programs of the National Institutes of
Health's John E.  Fogarty International Center. 


   COMPLEXITIES IN MANAGING
   INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:4

In recent years, we have reported on the complexities associated with
many international programs and initiatives overseas that involve
multiple agencies.  One issue, in particular, that has surfaced often
and prominently in our reviews is the need to ensure that agencies
are working in tandem when pursuing common goals and objectives.  In
some cases we reviewed, the large number of agencies made
international efforts unwieldy and difficult to coordinate--sometimes
leading to confusion on the part of foreign governments. 

During our 1996 Conference on Foreign Affairs Issues, participants
cautioned that, with so many U.S.  agencies now conducting programs
and posting staff overseas, U.S.  ambassadors may no longer be able
to ensure that these various U.S activities are coordinated and
focused on the highest priorities in U.S.  bilateral relationships.\3
It can be difficult for the ambassadors even to be aware of each
agency's activities.  Conference participants also noted that
policymakers need to understand how various U.S.  agencies in
practice are operating overseas and consider whether coordination
mechanisms need to be strengthened. 

Our specific audits have tended to support the conference
observations.  In 1995 we found that 23 departments and independent
agencies were implementing 215 aid projects in the former Soviet
Union.  Funding, while primarily in the international affairs,
defense, and agriculture budget accounts, also came from eight other
budget accounts.\4 Disputes had arisen among the agencies over the
implementation of their programs, despite the establishment of an
official coordinator.  The coordinator's role has since been expanded
and strengthened.\5

In our 1996 review of the U.S.  effort to combat money laundering
abroad, we also noted the involvement of the State Department and
many agencies within the Departments of Justice and the Treasury.\6
We found that European law enforcement officials acknowledged the
important role of U.S.  law enforcement agencies.  However, some
officials believed that too many U.S.  agencies were involved in
money-laundering inquiries.  They reported that, in some cases, this
overlap made it difficult to determine which U.S.  agency they should
coordinate with.\7


--------------------
\3 Foreign Affairs:  Perspectives on Foreign Affairs Programs and
Structures (GAO/NSIAD-97-6, Nov.  8, 1996). 

\4 Former Soviet Union:  Information on U.S.  Bilateral Funding
(GAO/NSIAD-96-37, Dec.  15, 1995). 

\5 Former Soviet Union:  An Update on Coordination of U.S. 
Assistance and Economic Cooperation Programs (GAO/NSIAD-96-16, Dec. 
15, 1995). 

\6 These agencies include the Drug Enforcement Administration, the
Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Internal Revenue Service, the
Customs Service, and the Secret Service. 

\7 Money Laundering:  A Framework for Understanding U.S.  Efforts
Overseas (GAO/GGD-96-105, May 24, 1996). 


   RESULTS ACT OFFERS FRAMEWORK
   FOR IMPROVEMENT IN COORDINATION
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:5

With so many agencies involved in foreign affairs, cognizant
congressional committees are confronted with a challenge to provide
comprehensive oversight.  A broad view of foreign policy
implementation that considers the wide variety of international
programs is critical for this oversight.  As the pursuit of U.S. 
foreign policy goals involves more agencies, congressional oversight
will require scrutiny of the relevance, priority, and efficiency of
programs across the spectrum of budget accounts. 

As we reported last August, the Results Act should offer a framework
to address issues of coordination.\8 Each of the act's key
stages--defining missions and desired outcomes, measuring
performance, and using performance information--offers a new
opportunity to address mission fragmentation and overlap among
agencies involved in related efforts.  For example, the Results Act
is intended to foster a dialogue on strategic goals among Congress
and the agencies involved as well as external stakeholders.  This
dialogue should help to identify those agencies and programs that
address similar missions and to relate how the performance of each
affects the achievement of the overall strategic goals. 


--------------------
\8 See Managing for Results:  Using the Results Act to Address
Mission Fragmentation and Program Overlap (GAO/AIMD-97-146, Aug.  29,
1997). 


-------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:5.1

This concludes our prepared statement, Mr.  Chairman.  I would be
happy to answer any questions you or members of the Task Force may
have. 


INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES FUNDED
OUTSIDE THE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
BUDGET ACCOUNT (150 ACCOUNT),
FISCAL YEAR 1998 (BY RELATED 150
ACCOUNT ACTIVITY CATEGORY)
=========================================================== Appendix I

                                                           Fiscal year
                                                                  1998
Department/                                              appropriation
agency         Program/activity                                      s
-------------  ----------------------------------------  -------------
International development and humanitarian assistance (including
technical assistance)
(Subfuncti
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture    Public Law 480, title I                    $196,054,000
Agriculture    Binational agriculture research and             500,000
                development research grant
Agriculture    International arid lands consortium             329,000
                research grant
Defense        Overseas humanitarian, disaster, and         47,130,000
                civic aid
Defense        Bosnia demining                              28,000,000
Defense        Humanitarian demining technologies            9,000,000
                research and development
Health and     Centers for Disease Control and              56,227,000
 Human          Prevention: global polio eradication
 Services
Interior       African elephant conservation                 1,000,000
Interior       Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Fund          400,000
Treasury       Secret Service: counterfeit training for         50,000
                foreign law enforcement organizations

International security assistance
(Subfunction 152)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Defense        Overseas contingency operations (Bosnia   4,138,100,000
                and Southwest Asia)
Defense        Former Soviet Union threat reduction        382,200,000
Defense        Source nation support for drug              174,963,000
                interdiction
Defense        Counterproliferation support: advanced       68,264,000
                development
Defense        Partnership for Peace, 4 support for          4,162,000
                NATO
Defense        Miscellaneous support of other nations,      34,568,000
                Army operations and maintenance
Defense        Miscellaneous support of other nations,      13,260,000
                Air Force operations and maintenance
Energy         Nonproliferation and national security      478,200,000
Energy         Nuclear Reactor Safety Program for the       47,000,000
                former Soviet Union

Conduct of foreign affairs
(Subfunction 153)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture    Foreign Agricultural Service and            135,749,000
                General Sales Manager
Agriculture    Colonias/North American Development Bank     20,000,000
                projects
Commerce       U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service         171,070,000
Commerce       International Telecommunications Union        1,750,000
                plenipotentiary conference
Commerce       NOAA: International fisheries                   400,000
                commissions
Defense        International military headquarters,        255,413,000
                Army operations and maintenance
Defense        NATO Security Investment Program            152,600,000
Defense        On-site Inspection Agency                    95,626,000
Defense        International military headquarters,          6,435,000
                Navy
                operations and maintenance
Energy         Falcon and Amistad Dams operating and           970,000
                maintenance fund
Environmental  U.S.-Mexico Border Program                   75,000,000
 Protection
 Agency
Environmental  Climate change action plan programs          73,285,000
 Protection
 Agency
Environmental  Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund          12,000,000
 Protection
 Agency
Environmental  Office of International Activities,           2,734,000
 Protection     global and
 Agency         regulatory environmental risk reduction
                program
Health and     Border health training centers                3,765,000
 Human
 Services
Health and     U.S.-Mexico Border Health Commission            800,000
 Human
 Services
Interior       North American Wetlands Fund                 11,700,000
Interior       Fish and Wildlife Service: international      5,810,000
                affairs
Interior       International forestry activities             3,500,000
Interior       National Park Service: international          1,658,000
                park affairs
Justice        FBI Legal Attachï¿½ program                     7,294,000
Justice        U.S. National Central Bureau,                 7,000,000
                International
                Criminal Police Organization
Labor          Bureau of International Labor Affairs        12,095,000
Other          Commission on Security and Cooperation        1,090,000
                in Europe
Other          Securities and Exchange Commission:             100,000
                international consultations and
                meetings
Other          Securities and Exchange Commission:              10,000
                permanent secretariat for the
                International Organization of
                Securities Commissions
State          International Boundary and Water             23,953,000
                Commission
State          International fisheries commissions          14,549,000
State          American sections, international              5,490,000
                commissions
Treasury       International affairs                        29,000,000

Foreign information and exchange activities
(Subfunction 154)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Commerce       NOAA: global and climate change research      7,250,000
Defense        Russian-American observational               13,000,000
                satellites research and development
Defense        U.S.-Japan management training               10,000,000
Defense        Russian monitoring technologies research      3,000,000
                and development
Education      International education and foreign          60,351,000
                language studies
Education      International education exchange              5,000,000
Education      International Very Special Arts Festival      1,000,000
Energy         Large Hadron Collider Project                35,000,000
Energy         Russian-American Fuel Cell Consortium         3,000,000
Energy         Fossil energy research and development:         100,000
                international program support
Health and     John E. Fogarty International Center         28,289,000
 Human          (National Institutes of Health)
 Services
Housing and    Center for International Business               500,000
 Urban          Education
 Development
NASA           U.S./Mexico Foundation for Science            1,000,000
Other          National Science Foundation: U.S./            1,000,000
                Mexico
                Foundation for Science

International financial programs
(Subfunction 155)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture    Commodity Credit Corporation: export        527,500,000
                loan subsidies
Agriculture    Commodity Credit Corporation:                 3,820,000
                administrative expenses
Agriculture    Global marketing support service                127,000
                research grant
Commerce       International Trade Administration:          58,986,000
                trade
                development
Commerce       International Trade Administration:          11,700,000
                executive direction and administration
Energy         International Solar Energy Program            1,375,000
Other          Small Business Administration: U.S.           3,100,000
                export
                assistance centers
Treasury       Financial Crimes Enforcement Network:         2,000,000
                international money-laundering programs
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Legend

FBI = Federal Bureau of Investigation
NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NATO = North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NOAA = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Source:  Our analysis of Appropriations Conference Reports and Senate
Appropriations Committee Reports, fiscal year 1998. 


U.S.  BUDGET ACCOUNTS THAT INCLUDE
AGENCY ACTIVITIES THAT PARALLEL
THE 150 ACCOUNT, FISCAL YEAR 1998
========================================================== Appendix II

Depar                                               Natural             Commerce
tment                           Science,          resources                  and
/      National  Internation  space, and                and              housing
agenc   defense   al affairs  technology  Energy  environme  Agricultu    credit
y          (50)        (150)       (250)   (270)   nt (300)   re (350)     (370)
-----  --------  -----------  ----------  ------  ---------  ---------  --------
Agric                     --                                        --
 ultu
 re
Comme                                                    --                   --
 rce
Defen        --
 se
Educa
 tion
Energ        --                               --
 y
Envir                                                    --
 onme
 ntal
 Prot
 ecti
 on
 Agen
 cy
Healt
 h
 and
 Huma
 n
 Serv
 ices
Housi
 ng
 and
 Urba
 n
 Deve
 lopm
 ent
Inter                                                    --
 ior
Justi                     --
 ce
Labor
NASA                                  --
Natio                                 --
 nal
 Scie
 nce
 Foun
 dati
 on
Secur                                                                         --
 ities
 and
 Exch
 ange
 Comm
 issi
 on
Small                                                                         --
 Busi
 ness
 Admi
 nist
 rati
 on
State                     --                             --
Treas
 ury
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      Education,
                         Community     training,
                               and   employment,            Administra
                          regional    and social               tion of   General
Department/             developmen      services    Health     justice  governme
agency                     t (450)         (500)     (550)       (750)  nt (800)
----------------------  ----------  ------------  --------  ----------  --------
Agriculture
Commerce
Defense
Education                                     --
Energy
Environmental
 Protection Agency
Health and Human                                        --
 Services
Housing and Urban               --
 Development
Interior
Justice                                                             --
Labor                                         --
NASA
National Science
 Foundation
Securities and
 Exchange Commission
Small Business
 Administration
State
Treasury                                                            --        --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  Budget account numbers to which funds are assigned are in
parentheses. 

Source:  Our analysis of appropriations and Office of Management and
Budget data, fiscal year 1998. 

*** End of document. ***