Teacher Training: Over $1.5 Billion Federal Funds Invested in Many
Programs (Testimony, 05/05/99, GAO/T-HEHS-99-117).
Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed its work concerning
federally funded teacher training programs, focusing on the: (1) number
of agencies and the programs they administer that support teacher
training, along with some general characteristics of these programs; and
(2) funding provided by these programs.
GAO noted that: (1) GAO's preliminary results indicate that 13 agencies
administer 87 programs, which support teacher training to varying
degrees; (2) the Department of Education administers the majority of
these programs; (3) the programs support training in a variety of ways,
including paying for training-related materials, such as books on
teaching strategies, and teachers' travel expenses associated with
attending conferences; (4) federal funding for teacher training is
estimated to exceed $1.5 billion during fiscal year 1999; (5)
Education's programs account for 87 percent of total funding; (6) over
$579 million will be provided by programs that agencies classified as
focusing exclusively on supporting teacher training; (7) over $945
million will be provided by programs that agencies classified as
supporting teacher training to a significant degree; (8) for example,
according to Education, teacher training is an important activity of the
title I program, but the program's primary purpose is broader--to
provide services to educationally disadvantaged children; (9) funding
estimates are generally unavailable for programs where teacher training
is an allowable but not a significant activity; (10) the number and
diverse nature of programs--as well as the number of agencies
responsible for administering them--create challenges in determining
whether the programs are achieving national goals; (11) coordination
among programs and agencies as well as the conduct of program
evaluations are essential, given the diversity of existing programs;
(12) the Government Performance and Results Act can provide a structured
approach to such coordination and evaluation activities and help measure
progress toward achieving national goals; and (13) agencies' annual
performance plans can provide important information on how agencies are
tracking and evaluating program results.
--------------------------- Indexing Terms -----------------------------
REPORTNUM: T-HEHS-99-117
TITLE: Teacher Training: Over $1.5 Billion Federal Funds Invested
in Many Programs
DATE: 05/05/99
SUBJECT: Teacher education
Education or training costs
Teachers
Aid for education
Performance measures
Redundancy
Educational standards
IDENTIFIER: GSA Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance
Dept. of Education Eisenhower State Grant Program
NASA Aerospace Education Services Program
Dept. of Education Fund for the Improvement of Education
Program
EPA Environmental Education Grants Program
Dept. of Education Class-Size Reduction Program
Goals 2000
Dept. of Education Title I Program
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Cover
================================================================ COVER
Before the Subcommittee on Postsecondary Education, Training, and
Life-Long Learning, Committee on Education and the Workforce, House
of Representatives
For Release on Delivery
Expected at 10:30 a.m.
Wednesday, May 5, 1999
TEACHER TRAINING - OVER $1.5
BILLION FEDERAL FUNDS INVESTED IN
MANY PROGRAMS
Statement of Marnie S. Shaul, Associate Director
Education, Workforce, and Income Security Issues
Health, Education, and Human Services Division
GAO/T-HEHS-99-117
GAO/HEHS-99-117T
(104961)
Abbreviations
=============================================================== ABBREV
CFDA - Test
EPA - Test
NASA - Test
TEACHER TRAINING: OVER $1.5
BILLION FEDERAL FUNDS INVESTED IN
MANY PROGRAMS
============================================================ Chapter 0
Mr. Chairman and Members of the Subcommittee:
We are pleased to be here today to discuss our ongoing work for the
Subcommittee concerning federally funded teacher training programs.
Over the last few years, teacher training has been recognized as an
important component of education reform in the United States. In
1994, the Congress passed the Goals 2000: Educate America Act, which
established a national goal of providing teachers with access to
programs to continually improve their teaching skills. To help
achieve this goal for the 3 million elementary and secondary school
teachers in the United States, an array of federal programs support
teacher training. Some of these programs were established several
years ago, and others more recently. In addition, the Administration
is proposing new teacher training programs in its fiscal year 2000
budget request. In light of the role that teacher training has in
education reform, it is important to know whether current programs
are effectively configured to meet national goals and the extent to
which they are achieving these goals.
Today, my testimony will focus on two main topics: (1) the number of
agencies and the programs they administer that support teacher
training, along with some general characteristics of these programs,
and (2) the funding provided by these programs. I will also discuss
some of the challenges posed by the number and diversity of programs
in determining whether they are achieving desired outcomes. My
statement is based on our preliminary observations from a study that
we are conducting at your request.
For this study, we reviewed programs listed in the Catalog of Federal
Domestic Assistance (CFDA) and sent a survey to agencies
administering programs that support training for elementary and
secondary school teachers. Our survey was designed to classify
programs by the extent to which they supported teacher training and
obtain information on the types of training and amount of funding
they provided to support teacher training. The Department of
Education is still reviewing funding data for a few programs included
in our review.
In summary, our preliminary results indicate that 13 agencies
administer 87 programs that support teacher training to varying
degrees. The Department of Education administers the majority of
these programs. The programs support training in a variety of ways,
including paying for training-related materials, such as books on
teaching strategies, and teachers' travel expenses associated with
attending conferences.
Federal funding for teacher training is estimated to exceed $1.5
billion during fiscal year 1999. Education's programs account for
over 86 percent of total funding.
-- Over $579 million will be provided by programs that agencies
classified as focusing exclusively on supporting teacher
training.
-- About $933 million will be provided by programs that agencies
classified as supporting teacher training to a significant
degree. For example, according to the Department, teacher
training is an important activity of the title I program, but
the program's primary purpose is broader--to provide services to
educationally disadvantaged children.
-- Funding estimates are generally unavailable for programs where
teacher training is an allowable but not a significant activity.
The number and diverse nature of programs--as well as the number of
agencies responsible for administering them--create challenges in
determining whether the programs are achieving national goals.
Coordination among programs and agencies as well as the conduct of
program evaluations are essential, given the diversity of existing
programs. The Results Act can provide a structured approach to such
coordination and evaluation activities and help measure progress
toward achieving national goals. For example, agencies' annual
performance plans can provide important information on how agencies
are tracking and evaluating program results. We will be developing
information in this area as we continue with our review.
THIRTEEN AGENCIES ADMINISTER 87
PROGRAMS THAT SUPPORT TEACHER
TRAINING
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:1
Based on our survey, 13 agencies administer 87 programs that support
teacher training. While some of these programs were created
specifically for the purpose of supporting teacher training, many
others support teacher training as a means of achieving other
purposes. As a result, the extent to which the programs support
training varies. We asked agencies to classify their programs into
three categories based on these differences: (1) programs designed
exclusively to support teacher training, (2) programs that support a
significant amount of teacher training but also support other
activities, and (3) programs that allow teacher training but such
training is not significant compared to other program activities.
Table 1 shows how agencies classified the 87 programs into these
three categories.
Table 1
Classification of 87 Programs That
Support Teacher Training, Based on
Amount of Training Provided
Program
Program supports a
supports significant Program
training amount of allows
Agency exclusively training training
---------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Department of 8 28 26
Education
Department of 0 0 1
Agriculture
Department of 0 0 2
Interior
Department of 1 3 1
Health and
Human Services
National 2 1 0
Aeronautics and
Space
Administration
National Science 0 1 0
Foundation
Corporation for 0 1 1
National
Service
Environmental 0 0 2
Protection
Agency
National 0 0 2
Endowment for
the Arts
National 0 2 0
Endowment for
the Humanities
United States 0 3 0
Information
Agency
James Madison 1 0 0
Memorial
Fellowship
Foundation
United States 0 0 1
Institute of
Peace
==========================================================
Total 12 39 36
----------------------------------------------------------
As shown in table 1, four agencies administer 12 programs that are
designed only, or exclusively, to support teacher training.
Education administers eight of these programs, which includes the
Eisenhower State Grant program, the largest teacher training program.
Under this program, most funds are allocated to school districts
through states, while 15 percent is provided competitively through
states to higher education institutions and nonprofit agencies. All
of these fund are used to promote teacher training, primarily in math
and science.
Seven agencies administer 39 programs that are designed to achieve
purposes other than just teacher training but support a significant
amount of teacher training, according to survey respondents. These
programs include Education's title I program, which provides
financial support to states and school districts for programs
designed to address the needs of educationally disadvantaged
children, especially in high-poverty areas. Title I funds may be
used for a variety of expenses to achieve program purposes, such as
employee salaries and computer equipment, as well as for teacher
training. Another example of a program in this category is the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Aerospace
Education Services Program. The purpose of this program is to
increase public awareness and understanding of scientific research
and technological development. As a part of this program, NASA funds
workshops for K-12 teachers intended to improve science teaching and
learning and thus help achieve program purposes.
Finally, eight agencies administer 36 programs that allow teacher
training as an activity but do not provide a significant amount of
teacher training compared with other program activities. Education,
for example, classified its Fund for the Improvement of Education
Program in this category. Under this program, Education awards
grants on a competitive basis to support a wide variety of activities
intended to further education reform and improve teaching and
learning. While the program may support teacher training, such
training is only one of many activities funded under the program.
Another example of a program in this category is the Environmental
Protection Agency's (EPA) Environmental Education Grants Program.
Under this program, EPA provides grants to educational institutions
and nonprofit organizations to address a wide range of environmental
issues. These organizations can use funds to study and assess
specific environmental issues or problems. Grantees may also provide
teacher training for K-12 teachers and other educators.
Across all three categories, the majority of programs are designed to
support training for teachers who already teach (in-service training)
rather than those preparing to become teachers (preservice training).
Our survey indicated that of the 87 programs, 78 percent primarily
support in-service training and 6 percent primarily support
preservice training; 16 percent support both in-service and
preservice training about equally. Appendixes I through III identify
each agency's programs and the types of training supported, by
program category, respectively.
In general, programs support teacher training by providing funds that
can pay for a variety of training-related expenses. The most
frequently reported eligible use of funds was for materials, such as
books on teaching strategies (95 percent of programs), followed by
travel, such as transportation and accommodation costs for attending
conferences (93 percent of programs). Other uses included direct
instruction, tuition, stipends, release time by paying for substitute
teachers, and graduate credit. (See fig. 1.)
Figure 1: Percentage of
Responses by Eligible Expense
Category
(See figure in printed
edition.)
OVER $1.5 BILLION WILL SUPPORT
TEACHER TRAINING IN FISCAL YEAR
1999
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:2
Agency officials estimate that at least $1.5 billion dollars will be
used to support teacher training in fiscal year 1999. Education's
programs account for over 86 percent of total funding. As figure 2
shows, programs that support teacher training exclusively account for
38 percent of total estimated funding. Programs that support a
significant amount of teacher training account for over 61 percent of
total estimated funding, while programs that allow teacher training
account for less than 1 percent. However, officials for many
programs--especially those that allow teacher training--were unable
to estimate the amount of funds used to support teacher training.
Figure 2: Share of Estimated
Fiscal Year 1999 Teacher
Training Funding Contributed by
Three Program Categories
(See figure in printed
edition.)
EDUCATION PROVIDES NEARLY
ALL THE FUNDING FOR PROGRAMS
THAT EXCLUSIVELY SUPPORT
TEACHER TRAINING
-------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:2.1
Funding for the 12 programs designed exclusively to support teacher
training totals over $579 million; Education's programs provide
nearly all of these funds. Table 2 lists the number of programs and
funding levels that exclusively support teacher training, by agency.
Table 2
Number of Programs Administered and
Estimated Funding Provided by Programs
That Exclusively Support Teacher
Training, by Agency
Estimated Share of
funding for total
Number of teacher funding for
Agency programs training category
---------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Department of 8 $574,365,000 99.2
Education
Department of 1 1,000,000 0.2
Health and
Human Services
National 2 2,678,940 0.5
Aeronautics and
Space
Administration
James Madison 1 978,400 0.2
Memorial
Fellowship
Foundation
==========================================================
Total 12 $579,022,340 100.1\a
----------------------------------------------------------
\a Total does not add due to rounding.
Education's Eisenhower State Grant Program, funded at $355 million
for fiscal year 1999, accounts for over half of the total funding for
programs in this category. Appendix I provides the funding levels
for each of the 12 programs in this category.
OVER HALF OF TOTAL ESTIMATED
FUNDING IS PROVIDED BY
PROGRAMS THAT SUPPORT
TEACHER TRAINING TO A
SIGNIFICANT EXTENT
-------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:2.2
Programs that support teacher training to a significant extent--but
are not designed exclusively to support teacher training--are
estimated to provide almost $933 million for training in fiscal year
1999. As shown in table 3, Education's programs provide about 79
percent of this funding.
Table 3
Number of Programs and Funding for
Programs That Provide a Significant
Amount of Support for Teacher Training,
by Agency
Share of
Estimated total
funding for funding for
Number of teacher program
Agency programs training category
---------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Department of 28 $735,925,452 78.9
Education
National Science 1\a 173,230,000 18.6
Foundation
National 2 7,236,000 0.8
Endowment for
the Humanities
Department of 3 5,552,303 0.6
Health and
Human Services
United States 3 4,547,528 0.5
Information
Agency
National 1 3,324,500 0.4
Aeronautics and
Space
Administration
Corporation for 1 3,180,000 0.3
National
Service
==========================================================
Total 39 $932,995,783 100.1\b
----------------------------------------------------------
\a The National Science Foundation reported information on two
projects using a single survey because both projects are listed under
one program listing in CFDA.
\b Total does not add due to rounding.
Of the estimated $933 million in teacher training funding from
programs in this category, over 60 percent will be provided by four
Education programs: title I ($191 million); Goals 2000 ($167
million); title VI, Innovative Education Program Strategies ($43
million); and the Class-Size Reduction Program ($180 million).\1
Total program funding and the proportion of program funds used for
teacher training varies considerably among these four programs. For
example, the estimated $191 million of title I funds used to support
teacher training represents less than 3 percent of the nearly $8
billion program. On the other hand, the estimated $167 million of
Goals 2000 funds used to support teacher training represents about 36
percent of this program's total funding of $491 million. While
proportionally small, the amount of title I funds supporting teacher
training ($191 million) is significant compared to other programs,
including the $335 million Eisenhower State Grant program, the
largest program designed exclusively to support teacher training.
Figure 3 shows the share of total estimated funding for this category
of programs contributed by each of these four programs and all other
programs.
Figure 3: Proportion of
Funding Provided by Four
Education Programs of Total
Funding for Programs That
Provide a Significant Amount of
Teacher Training Support,
Fiscal Year 1999
(See figure in printed
edition.)
While these four programs contribute a significant amount of funds to
support teacher training, the programs provide states and localities
flexibility in how to use the funds, including whether to support
teacher training or other activities. Consequently, overall funding
used to support teacher training can vary from year to year. Under
the Goals 2000 program for example, states in aggregate used about 37
percent of their fiscal year 1995 funds (about $110 million) and
about 44 percent of their fiscal year 1996 funds (about $151 million)
to support teacher training. In each of these 2 fiscal years, more
than a dozen states used most of their Goals 2000 funding to support
teacher training, while nearly as many states did not fund teacher
training at all.\2 Appendix II provides the funding levels of
programs that respondents classified in this program category.
--------------------
\1 The Class-Size Reduction Program allows up to 15 percent of funds
to be used for teacher training. The program received $1.2 billion
for fiscal year 1999, the only year it has been funded. The
Administration is requesting additional funding for fiscal year 2000.
\2 These data were obtained during a prior study that resulted in our
report Goals 2000: Flexible Funding Supports State and Local
Education Reform (GAO/HEHS-99-10; Nov. 16, 1998).
MANY RESPONDENTS UNABLE TO
ESTIMATE FUNDING AMOUNTS
PROVIDED BY PROGRAMS THAT
ALLOW BUT DO NOT
SIGNIFICANTLY SUPPORT
TEACHER TRAINING
-------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:2.3
Training-related funding estimates for programs that allow teacher
training but do not provide a significant amount of training were
generally unavailable. Because teacher training is not a significant
focus of these programs, agency officials often do not collect such
detailed data. Of the estimates provided by agency officials,
amounts ranged from $130,000 under the United States Institute of
Peace's International Peace and Conflict Management Research and
Education program to almost $5,000,000 under the Corporation for
National Service's Learn and Serve America Program--a school- and
community-based program. Appendix III provides the funding levels,
if available, for each program in this category.
TRACKING PROGRESS TOWARD
NATIONAL TEACHER TRAINING GOALS
IS AS IMPORTANT AS IT IS
CHALLENGING
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:3
As we have shown, during fiscal year 1999, the federal government
will invest over $1.5 billion in programs that provide or support
teacher training. An investment of this magnitude makes it important
to know whether programs are achieving desired results. However,
such a determination is not easy because of the number of agencies
and programs involved. It is made even more difficult because a
significant portion of the federal investment is made through
programs that have objectives broader than only supporting teacher
training, such as Education's title I and Goals 2000 programs. Such
programs may not be designed to measure performance in areas as
specific as teacher training.
As part of our ongoing review, we plan to assess whether identified
federal programs are effectively configured to achieve national
goals. One vehicle for doing this is by reviewing agencies' efforts
under the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993. The act's
emphasis on results implies that federal programs contributing to the
same or similar outcomes should be closely coordinated, consolidated,
or streamlined, as appropriate, to ensure that goals are consistent
and that program efforts are mutually reinforcing.
Annual performance plans, required under the act, are an appropriate
place for agencies to identify multiple programs--within and outside
the agency--that contribute to the same or similar goals and to
describe their coordination efforts so that goals are consistent and
program efforts are mutually reinforcing. Through a preliminary
review of Education's fiscal year 2000 plan, we learned that the
Department--which administers a majority of the programs and the
funds that support teacher training--has taken steps to address this
issue internally. For example, Education notes in its plan that it
has created a cross-office "professional development team" to share
information and strategies in an effort to coordinate the
Department's teacher training programs. Education's plan also
describes efforts to coordinate with other federal agencies, such as
the National Science Foundation. We will review in more detail
Education's and other agencies' efforts in this regard as we continue
our work.
Other sources of information for assessing program effectiveness are
agencies' strategic plans required under the Results Act. These
plans are to include descriptions of program evaluations used to
develop their plans and provide a schedule for future evaluations.
Such evaluations can provide important information not only for
tracking agencies' progress toward achieving their performance goals
but also for identifying particularly effective program strategies or
best practices. Based on our preliminary review of its plan and
evaluation activities, Education has also taken steps in this regard.
For example, Education is currently funding a 3-year national
evaluation of its Eisenhower program that is expected to provide
information that could be used to measure its progress toward
achieving established performance goals. The study is designed to
provide information such as (1) the types and quality of teacher
training provided under the program, (2) the characteristics of
teachers who participate in funded training, and (3) the contribution
such training makes toward teachers' instructional practices.
In addition to providing information useful for managing the
Eisenhower program, such an evaluation, combined with others, could
be useful for informing an overall federal strategy. Evaluation
results could be used to guide teacher training activities conducted
under other programs, where such program evaluations might not
normally be undertaken. For example, Education recently reported
that few data are available concerning the quality of teacher
training activities funded under its title I, Innovative Education
Program Strategies (title VI), or Bilingual Education (title VII)
programs. Given the size of the investment made in teacher training
through these programs--over $280 million during fiscal year 1999--it
is important to ensure that teacher training funded under these
programs use available resources effectively. We will also be
reviewing these and similar issues as we proceed with our study.
-------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:3.1
Mr. Chairman, this concludes my prepared statement. I would be
happy to answer any questions that you or other Members of the
Subcommittee may have.
PROGRAMS CLASSIFIED BY AGENCIES AS
EXCLUSIVE TEACHER TRAINING
PROGRAMS, BY TYPE OF SERVICE
PROVIDED AND ESTIMATED FISCAL YEAR
1999 FUNDING
=========================================================== Appendix I
Primary training type
----------------------------------------
CFDA
numb Both about FY 1999
er Agency program Preservice In-service equally funding\a
---- --------------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Department of Education
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
84.1 Eisenhower Professional X $23,300,000
68 Development--Federal
Activities
84.1 Bilingual Education-- X 50,000,000
95 Professional Development
84.2 Eisenhower Professional X 335,000,000
81 Development--State Grants
84.2 Telecommunications X 5,000,000
86 Demonstration Project for
Mathematics
84.2 Indian Education-- X 1,865,000
99 Professional Development
84.3 Teacher Quality Enhancement X 77,200,000
36 Grants
84.3 Preparing Tomorrow's X 75,000,000
42 Teachers to Use Technology
84.9 National Writing Project X 7,000,000
28
Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
93.1 K-12 Teacher Enhancement X 1,000,000
13 and Development
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
85.5 James Madison Memorial X 978,400\b
00 Fellowship Program
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
None NASA Educational Workshops X 1,603,940
None NASA Opportunity for X 1,075,000
Visionary Academics
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Funding estimates are preliminary.
\b Funding represents the amount estimated for teacher training;
program funding is derived from interest earned on U.S. securities.
PROGRAMS CLASSIFIED BY AGENCIES AS
PROGRAMS THAT PROVIDE SIGNIFICANT
TEACHER TRAINING, BY TYPE OF
SERVICE PROVIDED AND ESTIMATED
FISCAL YEAR 1999 FUNDING
========================================================== Appendix II
Primary training type FY 1999 program funding\a
---------------------------- --------------------------------
CFDA Both Training
numb Preservi In- about Total obligation Percent
er Agency program ce service equally funding s of funds
---- ------------------- -------- -------- -------- ---------- ---------- --------
Corporation for National Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
94.0 Learn and Serve X $10,750,00 $3,180,000 29.6%
05 America--Higher 0
Education
Department of Education
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
84.0 Adult Education-- X 365,000,00 36,500,000 10.0
02 State Grant Program 0
84.0 Civil Rights X 7,334,000 Unknown NA
04 Training and
Advisory Services
84.0 Title I Grants to X 7,676,020, 191,000,00 2.5
10 Local Educational 000 0\b
Agencies
84.0 Title I Program for X 40,311,000 Unknown NA
13 Neglected and
Delinquent Children
84.0 International: X 2,325,430 930,172 40.0
21 Overseas Group
Projects Abroad
84.0 Women's Educational X 3,000,000 Unknown NA
83 Equity Act Program
84.1 Fund for the X 50,000,000 500,000 1.0
16 Improvement of
Postsecondary
Education
84.2 Star Schools X 45,000,000 22,500,000 50.0
03
84.2 Javits Gifted and X 6,500,000 Unknown NA
06 Talented Students
Education Grant
Program
84.2 Goals 2000--State X 461,000,00 166,950,00 36.2
76 and Local Education 0 0\c
Systemic
Improvement Grants
(Goals 2000 State
Grants)
84.2 Comprehensive X 28,000,000 Unknown NA
83 Regional Assistance
Centers
84.2 Bilingual X 9,818,043 Unknown NA
89 Education--
Program Enhancement
Grants
84.2 Native Hawaiian X 4,800,000 500,000 10.4
97 Curriculum
Development,
Teacher Training
and Recruitment
84.2 Innovative X 375,000,00 42,800,000 11.4
98 Education Program 0 \b
Strategies
84.3 Regional Technical X 10,000,000 8,500,000 85.0
02 Support and
Professional
Development
Consortia
84.3 Technology X 115,100,00 Unknown NA
03 Innovation 0
Challenge Grants
84.3 International X 7,000,000 4,200,000 60.0
04 Education Exchange
84.3 Technology Literacy X 425,000,00 Unknown NA
18 Challenge Fund 0
Grants
84.3 Eisenhower Regional X 15,000,000 11,800,000 78.7
19 Mathematics and
Science Education
Consortia
84.3 Alaska Native X 5,030,000 327,780 6.5
20 Educational
Planning,
Curriculum
Development,
Teacher Training
and Recruitment
Program
84.3 Special Education- X 35,200,000 Unknown NA
23 -State Program
Improvement Grants
for Children With
Disabilities
84.3 Special Education- X 82,139,000 68,000,000 82.8
25 -
Personnel
Preparation to
Improve Services
and Results for
Children With
Disabilities
84.3 Comprehensive X 145,000,00 Unknown NA
32 School Reform 0
Demonstrations
84.3 Reading Excellence X 260,000,00 Unknown NA
38 0
84.3 Class-Size X 1,200,000, 180,000,00 15.0
40 Reduction 000 0
84.9 Civic Education X 7,500,000 1,417,500 18.9
29
None Arts in Education X 10,500,000 Unknown NA
None Ellender X 1,500,000 0 0
Fellowships
Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
93.8 Cooperative X 49,422,582 5,166,933 10.5
65 Agreements to
Support
Comprehensive
School Health
Programs to Prevent
the Spread of HIV
and Other Important
Health Problems
Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
93.2 Drug Abuse Research X 1,958,989 Unknown NA
79 Programs
93.9 Early Interventions X 2,154,334 385,370 17.9
38 for Children With
Reading Problems
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
43.0 Aerospace Education X 6,649,000 3,324,500 50.0
01 Services Program
National Endowment for the Humanities
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
45.1 Promotion of the X 4,875,000 3,900,000 80.0
62 Humanities--
Education
Development and
Demonstration
45.1 Promotion of the X 6,465,000 3,336,000 51.6
63 Humanities--
Seminars and
Institutes
National Science Foundation
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
47.0 Education and Human X 662,000,00 173,230,00 26.2
76 Resources 0 0
United States Information Agency
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
82.0 Teacher Exchange-- X 1,550,000 930,000 60.0
12 New Independent
State Partners in
Education
82.0 Educational X 3,117,528 3,117,528 100.0\d
13 Exchange--
Teacher From
Secondary and
Postsecondary
Levels (Fulbright
Programs)
82.0 Exchange--English X 1,007,848 500,000 49.6
34 Teaching Fellows
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: "Unknown" denotes that survey respondents were unable to
estimate the amount of funding dedicated to teacher training; "NA"
denotes that a percent is not applicable.
\a Funding estimates are preliminary.
\b The source of these estimates is Education's 1999 report Federal
Education Legislation Enacted in 1994: An Evaluation of
Implementation and Impact.
\c This was the estimate provided in response to our survey.
However, in its 1999 report, Education estimates that $187 million
will be used for teacher training.
\d Although 100 percent of program funding is used to support teacher
training, at least 75 percent of funds are used for stipends to
assist foreign teachers with living expenses in the United States.
PROGRAMS CLASSIFIED BY AGENCIES AS PROGRAMS THAT ALLOW TEACHER
TRAINING, BY TYPE OF SERVICE PROVIDED AND ESTIMATED FISCAL YEAR 1999
FUNDING
Primary training type FY 1999 program funding\a
---------------------------- --------------------------------
CFDA Both Training
numb Preservi In- about Total obligation Percent
er Agency program ce service equally funding s of funds
---- ------------------- -------- -------- -------- ---------- ---------- --------
Corporation for National Service
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
94.0 Learn and Serve X $32,250,00 $4,837,500 15.0%
04 America--School- 0
and Community-
Based Programs
Department of Agriculture, Food, and Nutrition Services
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.5 Team Nutrition X 4,000,000 Unknown NA
74 Grants
Department of Education
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
84.0 Migrant Education- X 346,189,00 Unknown NA
11 - 0
Basic State Grant
Program
84.0 International: X 1,123,400 748,933 66.7
18 Overseas Seminars
Abroad--
Bilateral Projects
84.0 Special Education- X 4,310,700, Unknown NA
27 - 000
Grants to States
84.0 Vocational X 1,013,128, Unknown NA
48 Education-- 950
Basic Grants to
States
84.0 Vocational X 13,497,000 3,660,000 27.1
51 Education--
National Activities
84.0 Indian Education-- X 62,000,000 Unknown NA
60 Grants to Local
Educational
Agencies
84.1 Migrant Education- X 8,500,000 Unknown NA
44 -
Coordination
Program
84.1 Immigrant Education X 150,000,00 Unknown NA
62 0
84.1 Special Education X 373,985,00 Unknown NA
73 Preschool Grants 0
84.1 Safe and Drug-Free X 125,000,00 Unknown NA
84 Schools and 0
Communities--
National Programs
84.1 Safe and Drug-Free X 441,000,00 Unknown NA
86 Schools and 0
Communities--
State Grants
84.1 Education for X 28,800,000 Unknown NA
96 Homeless Children
and Youth
84.2 Native Hawaiian X 2,000,000 200,000 10.0
10 Gifted and Talented
84.2 Even Start--State X 125,250,00 Unknown NA
13 Educational 0
Agencies
84.2 Even Start-- X 4,050,000 Unknown NA
14 Migrant Education
84.2 Fund for the X 147,000,00 Unknown NA
15 Improvement of 0
Education
84.2 Language Resource X 2,450,000 Unknown NA
29 Centers
84.2 Tech-Prep Education X 106,000,00 Unknown NA
43 0
84.2 National Institute X 6,000,000 Unknown NA
57 for Literacy
84.2 Even Start--Indian X 2,025,000 Unknown NA
58 Tribes and Tribal
Organizations
84.2 Charter Schools X 100,000,00 Unknown NA
82 0
84.2 Bilingual X 16,512,243 Unknown NA
88 Education--
Program Development
and Implementation
Grants
84.2 Bilingual X 90,624,010 Unknown NA
90 Education--
Comprehensive
School Grants
Program
84.2 Bilingual X 42,062,579 Unknown NA
91 Education--
Systemwide
Improvement Grants
84.2 Foreign Language X 6,000,000 Unknown NA
93 Assistance
84.9 School-to-Work X 250,000,00 2,150,000 0.9
95 National Activities 0
Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
93.3 Research X 5,994,000 Unknown NA
89 Infrastructure
Department of Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15.0 Indian School X 308,518,00 Unknown NA
42 Equalization 0
Program
15.0 Indian Child and X 5,513,000 Unknown NA
43 Family Education
Environmental Protection Agency
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
66.9 Environmental X 1,625,000 Unknown NA
50 Education and
Training Program
66.9 Environmental X 2,470,000 575,000 23.3
51 Education Grants
National Endowment for the Arts
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
45.0 Promotion of the X 38,770,480 Unknown NA
24 Arts--Grants
to Organizations
and Individuals
45.0 Promotion of the X 27,686,000 Unknown NA
25 Arts--
Partnership
Agreements
United States Institute of Peace
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
91.0 International Peace X 13,506,000 130,000 1.0
01 and Conflict \b
Management--
Research and
Education
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: "Unknown" denotes that survey respondents were unable to
estimate the amount of funding dedicated to teacher training; "NA"
denotes that a percent is not applicable.
\a Funding estimates are preliminary.
\b The Institute of Peace was unable to provide funding at the
program level. The funding amount shown represents the total funding
for the agency.
*** End of document. ***