Federal Law Enforcement: Information on Certain Agencies' Criminal
Investigative Personnel and Salary Costs (Testimony, 11/15/95,
GAO/T-GGD-96-38).

This testimony discusses the composition and salary costs of federal
investigative authorities in federal agencies. GAO provides preliminary
information it has obtained on federal agencies with personnel employed
in certain occupational series with criminal law investigative
responsibilities, the number of these personnel, and their salaries. GAO
also provides information it has developed on jurisdictional overlap or
duplication of efforts among the agencies.

--------------------------- Indexing Terms -----------------------------

 REPORTNUM:  T-GGD-96-38
     TITLE:  Federal Law Enforcement: Information on Certain Agencies' 
             Criminal Investigative Personnel and Salary Costs
      DATE:  11/15/95
   SUBJECT:  Law enforcement personnel
             Law enforcement agencies
             Compensation
             Interagency relations
             Drug trafficking
             Intelligence gathering operations
             Jurisdictional authority
             Job classification
             Investigations by federal agencies
IDENTIFIER:  OPM Central Personnel Data File
             Treasury Financial Crimes Enforcement Network
             
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Cover
================================================================ COVER


Before the Subcommittee on Crime, Committee on the Judiciary, House
of Representatives

For Release on Delivery
Expected at 9:30 a.m., EST
Wednesday, November 15, 1995

FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT -
INFORMATION ON CERTAIN AGENCIES'
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIVE PERSONNEL
AND SALARY COSTS

Summary of Statement of Norman J.  Rabkin
Director, Administration of Justice Issues

GAO/T-GGD-96-38

GAO/GGD-96-38T


(182018)


Abbreviations
=============================================================== ABBREV


FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT: 
INFORMATION ON CERTAIN AGENCIES'
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIVE PERSONNEL
AND SALARY COSTS
============================================================ Chapter 0

Summary of Statement of Norman J.  Rabkin
Director, Administration of Justice Issues

The Subcommittee on Crime, House Committee on the Judiciary, asked
GAO to provide information on federal agencies responsible for
investigating violations of federal criminal law.  GAO's preliminary
work identified

  32 federal agencies with personnel eligible for special law
     enforcement pay and/or retirement benefits and employed in 9
     occupational series that involved investigative work;

  about 41,000 federal employees in those agencies and the 9
     occupational series as of March 31, 1995; and

  annual salary costs as of March 31, 1995, of about $2.2 billion for
     those employees. 

The Subcommittee also asked GAO to discuss jurisdictional overlap
and/or duplication among federal agencies with criminal investigative
authority.  GAO has previously reported on the need to eliminate
duplication of criminal investigations among federal agencies.  For
example, in 1990 GAO reported that both the Federal Bureau of
Investigation and the Drug Enforcement Administration were operating
separate intelligence-gathering and analysis systems regarding drug
trafficking.  In 1993, GAO reported that similar duplication existed
among several other federal agencies, including the Department of
Defense. 

The National Performance Review (NPR) raised similar concerns.  One
action item suggested that the law enforcement functions of the Drug
Enforcement Administration and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and
Firearms be transferred to the Federal Bureau of Investigation.  We
support the need for greater coordination but have not taken a
position on consolidation of agencies.  In addition, the NPR
recommended that the Departments of Justice and the Treasury (1)
eliminate duplication in the federal drug intelligence system and (2)
reduce the duplication of law enforcement training facilities.  GAO
reported in December 1994 that both Justice and Treasury had taken
some action on eliminating duplication in the federal drug
intelligence system.  However, regarding the duplication of law
enforcement training facilities, Treasury believes that it has taken
some action, but Justice has not yet addressed this issue. 

In a future report to the Subcommittee, GAO plans to provide more
comprehensive data on personnel, associated salary costs, and
benefits.  GAO also plans to provide the Subcommittee with a
description of the types of federal criminal violations the agencies
are responsible for investigating and the authorities under which the
agencies investigate possible federal criminal violations. 


============================================================ Chapter 1

Mr.  Chairman and Members of the Subcommittee: 

I am pleased to appear before you to discuss the composition and
salary costs of federal law enforcement personnel with investigative
authority in certain federal agencies.  You recently asked us to
provide information on which agencies are authorized to investigate
criminal violations of federal law, the specific authorities of those
agencies, the extent of any jurisdictional overlap and/or duplication
of efforts, and the number and annual cost of law enforcement
personnel in these agencies.  Today, I will discuss

  preliminary information we have obtained on federal agencies with
     personnel employed in certain occupational series with criminal
     law investigative responsibilities, the number of these
     personnel, and their associated salary costs; and

  previous information we have developed on jurisdictional overlap
     and/or duplication of efforts among the agencies. 

Over the next few months, we plan to develop and administer a survey
to all agencies with federal law enforcement personnel to verify the
number of personnel and associated salary and benefit costs.  We also
plan to provide the Subcommittee a description of the types of
federal criminal violations the agencies are responsible for
investigating and the authorities under which they investigate
possible federal criminal violations. 


   SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 1:1

In 1990, the congressionally mandated National Advisory Commission on
Law Enforcement reported its views on the pay, benefits, and other
issues related to the recruitment, retention, and morale of federal
law enforcement officers.  The scope of the study was limited to
those occupations meeting the definition of "law enforcement officer"
in the special law enforcement retirement provisions at Title 5, U.S. 
Code sections 8331(20) and 8401(17).  Both sections define "law
enforcement officer" as including, for example, an employee whose
duties are primarily the investigation, apprehension, or detention of
individuals suspected or convicted of offenses against the criminal
laws of the United States. 

We identified the universe of federal law enforcement officers from a
slightly broader perspective.  Using the U.S.  Office of Personnel
Management's (OPM) September 1993 Handbook of Occupational Groups and
Series and Central Personnel Data File (CPDF) records as of March 31,
1995, we identified a universe of 65,194 federal employees who are to
be eligible for special law enforcement retirement benefits\1 and/or
are eligible for special law enforcement pay\2 and who were assigned
to 1 of 173 occupational series.  With the assistance of Subcommittee
staff, we identified the following nine series that significantly
involved investigative work: 

  Park Ranger;

  Police;

  General Inspection, Investigation, and Compliance;

  Compliance Inspection and Support;

  Criminal Investigating;

  Game Law Enforcement;

  Immigration Inspection;

  Customs Patrol Officer; and

  Border Patrol Agent. 

Appendix I contains OPM's definitions of these series. 

We were not able to include employees of the U.S.  Postal Service and
the U.S.  Capitol Police Force because these personnel are not in the
CPDF.  We plan to include information on these employees in our final
report.  In addition, because we understood the Subcommittee's
interest to be in federal civilian employees, we did not include
information on military police and personnel working under contract
for federal agencies.  As agreed with the Subcommittee, we did not
include 28 Bureau of Prisons (BOP) investigative employees because
these employees are involved only in internal investigations of
inmate misconduct and other activities related to prison security. 

We also obtained annual salary costs for these employees by using the
CPDF.\3

Our data on both numbers of employees and salaries are from the CPDF,
which receives its data from the agencies.  Due to time constraints,
we have not yet verified the number of personnel or the salary costs
with the agencies to confirm that CPDF data are correct. 

To address the Subcommittee's request for information on
jurisdictional overlap and/or duplication of efforts, we reviewed
previous GAO and National Performance Review (NPR) reports and have
summarized our findings in this statement. 


--------------------
\1 Under special retirement coverage afforded "law enforcement
officers" in chapter 83 or 84 of Title 5 of the U.S.  Code, law
enforcement officers, among others, generally may retire earlier and
are covered by a more generous benefit formula than other federal
employees. 

\2 For the purposes of certain premium pay provisions, 5 U.S.  Code
section 5541(3) provides that the term "law enforcement officer"
means an employee who meets the definition of "law enforcement
officer" under the retirement provisions of section 8331(20) or
8401(17).  In addition, the section 5541(3) definition also includes
employees who are not subject to such retirement provisions but hold
positions that OPM determines would satisfy certain statutory
criteria.  This category includes Foreign Service security personnel,
the U.S.  Park Police, and the U.S.  Secret Service Uniformed
Division.  Certain law enforcement officers who have transferred to
supervisory or administrative positions and special agents in the
Diplomatic Security Service are also included under this definition
but were not within the scope of our review. 

\3 We used the adjusted basic pay, which is the sum of an employee's
rate of basic pay and any interim geographic adjustment, locality
comparability payment, and/or special pay adjustment for law
enforcement officers. 


   CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIVE
   AGENCIES, PERSONNEL, AND SALARY
   COSTS
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 1:2

The federal criminal justice system typically deals with criminal
activity occurring in more than one state or criminal activity
affecting matters of paramount federal interest, such as federal
taxation, civil rights, international trade, securities, narcotics,
national defense, federal grant programs, federal contracting, and
federally insured financial institutions.  Federal criminal law
prosecution authority is vested in the Attorney General and is
exercised through the prosecutors of the Department of Justice (DOJ)
and the 94 U.S.  Attorneys Offices.  An early stage in any criminal
law enforcement system is the detection and investigation of a
possible crime.  Agencies that report to the Attorney General and
whose investigative efforts support the prosecutors include the
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Drug Enforcement
Administration (DEA).  In addition, many other agencies outside DOJ,
such as the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the Customs Service, and
the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) also provide major
investigative efforts in the federal criminal law enforcement
process. 

We identified 33 federal agencies with 65,194 employees covered by
either law enforcement retirement or special pay as of March 31,
1995.  We then identified 32 of the agencies\4 with 41,342
employees\5

who were also classified in 1 of the 9 occupational series
significantly involved in investigative work.  Adjusted basic pay for
the employees at the 32 agencies as of March 31, 1995, totaled about
$2.2 billion annually.  Over 56 percent, or 23,295 individuals, were
employed by DOJ at an annual salary cost of about $1.2 billion.  An
additional 11,731, or over 28 percent, were employed by Treasury at
an annual salary cost of about $649 million; and 2,344, nearly 6
percent, were employed by the Department of the Interior at an annual
salary cost of about $88 million.  The remaining 3,972, or about 10
percent, were employed by the remaining 29 agencies at an annual
salary cost of about $217 million.  (See apps.  II and III.)

As figure 1 shows, the agency components with the most personnel were
the FBI; Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS); IRS; DEA;
Secret Service; Customs Service; U.S.  Marshals Service; ATF; and
National Park Service.  Together, these employees represent about 88
percent of the federal law enforcement personnel in the 32 agencies. 

   Figure 1:  Number of Federal
   Law Enforcement Personnel in
   the Nine Occupational Series,
   by Agency Component, as of
   March 31, 1995

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

   Note:  See appendix II for
   details on other agencies.

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

Source:  Office of Personnel Management, CPDF, March 31, 1995. 

Across the agencies, the largest number of investigative personnel,
31,531, or over 76 percent, were employed in the Criminal
Investigating series.  An additional 4,461, or almost 11 percent,
were employed in the Border Patrol Agent series; and 1,968, or almost
5 percent, were employed in the Police series.  The remaining 3,382,
or over 8 percent, were employed in the remaining occupational
series.  (See app.  II.)


--------------------
\4 The Peace Corps had only two employees who met these criteria;
they were not classified in one of the nine series. 

\5 We excluded a total of 23,852 employees from our analysis.  BOP (a
component of DOJ) had 22,277 employees classified in such series as
Correctional Institution Administration, Correctional Officer,
Computer Specialist, Accounting Technician, and Education and
Vocational Training; BOP also had 28 employees in the investigative
series who are involved solely in investigating inmate misconduct and
related prison security matters.  The remaining 1,545 employees are
scattered throughout the agencies and employed in noninvestigative
job series, such as Miscellaneous Clerk and Assistant and Supply
Clerical and Technician. 


   OVERLAP AND/OR DUPLICATION
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 1:3

Since 1990, we have issued several reports addressing the issue of
federal law enforcement coordination and duplication of investigative
efforts.  We have generally supported the need for greater
coordination of the numerous agencies involved in federal law
enforcement.  The decentralized operations, including the 94 U.S. 
Attorneys Offices and the various investigative agencies within DOJ
and Treasury, complicate efforts by DOJ to coordinate and direct a
variety of initiatives and programs to fight crime.  However, we have
not taken a position as to whether or to what extent the various law
enforcement agencies should be consolidated. 

In 1990,\6 we reported that DEA and the FBI were carrying out their
drug law enforcement responsibilities independent of each other. 
They were independently developing investigative strategies and
priorities, operating separate intelligence systems, and using
different systems for reporting and measuring their performance.  The
agencies have since undertaken several joint initiatives designed to
enhance coordination, such as efforts to enhance intelligence
sharing.  Some initiatives were more successful than others.  Agency
officials acknowledged that day-to-day informal coordination had been
more successful than some of their formal coordination efforts. 

In 1992\7 and 1993,\8 we reported on the coordination of domestic
narcotics operations and intelligence activities.  We explained that
there were many federal law enforcement agencies participating in
counternarcotics activities and that each had its own intelligence
organization.  The agencies with primary responsibility for
intelligence activities were DEA, the Customs Service, and the Coast
Guard.  In addition, DOD provided drug intelligence to support these
agencies' efforts.  Our review of intelligence reports from these
agencies showed duplication among several federal organizations with
overlapping areas of responsibility.  For example, in April 1992 we
reported on duplicative analyses among five agencies analyzing the
movement of illegal drugs into Mexico by aircraft. 

Both the Department of Commerce's Export Administration and the
Customs Service are responsible for investigating violations of
export controls.  We reported in 1993\9 that although these
authorities and the agencies' enforcement tools were complementary,
poor coordination between the agencies was impeding investigation
efforts and adversely affecting individual cases.  The agencies
concluded agreements in 1993 to improve their cooperation efforts. 

In our May 1995, report\10 on federal fugitive apprehension, we
reported that some interagency coordination problems had adversely
affected fugitive apprehension efforts.  For example, we cited the
FBI's and the Marshals Service's failure to participate on each
other's fugitive task forces; disagreements over responsibility for
prison escapes involving possible conspiracy charges; and failure, at
times, to cooperate with the apprehension of other countries'
fugitives.  The FBI and the Marshals Service have taken actions to
improve coordination and eliminate duplication.  Also, in the area of
fugitive apprehensions, DOJ's Office of Investigative Agency Policies
(OIAP) is to help resolve coordination problems and determine whether
fugitive responsibilities are properly aligned among agencies. 


--------------------
\6 Justice Department:  Coordination Between DEA and the FBI
(GAO/GGD-90-59, Mar.  21, 1990). 

\7 Drug Control:  Inadequate Guidance Results in Duplicate
Intelligence Production Efforts (GAO/NSIAD-92-153, Apr.  14, 1992). 

\8 Drug Control:  Coordination of Intelligence Activities
(GAO/GGD-93-83BR, Apr.  2, 1993). 

\9 Export Control:  Actions Needed to Improve Enforcement
(GAO/NSIAD-94-28, Dec.  30, 1993). 

\10 Federal Fugitive Apprehension:  Agencies Taking Action to Improve
Coordination and Cooperation (GAO/GGD-95-75, May 2, 1995). 


      THE NATIONAL PERFORMANCE
      REVIEW (NPR) RAISED CONCERNS
      IN SEVERAL AREAS
-------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 1:3.1

In September 1993 the NPR\11 raised concerns about duplication.  One
action item suggested transferring the functions of the Drug
Enforcement Administration and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and
Firearms to the Federal Bureau of Investigation.  We generally agree
with and support the need for greater coordination of the numerous
agencies involved in federal law enforcement.  However, we have not
taken a position as to whether the various law enforcement agencies
should be consolidated into one or more agencies. 

In addition, NPR raised concerns about duplication of drug
intelligence systems and overlap and duplication in law enforcement
training facilities.  In our December 1994 report\12 on the NPR, we
generally agreed with NPR's recommendation to eliminate duplication
and improve coordination in federal drug intelligence among agencies
such as Justice, Treasury, and Defense.  As of December 1994, DOJ and
Treasury had taken some actions on this recommendation.  For example,
DOJ had created the Office of Investigative Agency Policies (OIAP) to
increase efficiency and coordinate specified activities.  In February
1994, OIAP noted that agencies had not maximized information-sharing
and coordination and recommended actions to DOJ and Treasury to
enhance both.  None of these actions had been taken as of December
1994.  In addition, according to Treasury officials, they had been
cooperating with DOJ in its efforts and also had allowed more
agencies to participate in the financial information and
anti-money-laundering services of the Financial Crimes Enforcement
Network. 

With regard to the NPR concerns about overlap and duplication in law
enforcement training facilities, we have not studied this issue. 
However, in commenting on the NPR recommendation that duplication be
reduced, we agreed that further examination could prove worthwhile. 
We acknowledged that law enforcement agencies frequently have
overlapping jurisdictions and perform functions requiring similar or
identical knowledge and skills.  According to Treasury officials, the
concerns over overlap and duplication in training facilities have
been addressed through the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center
(FLETC).  Governed by an eight-member board representing
participating agencies, including DOJ, Treasury, Interior, and the
General Services Administration, FLETC provides common training of
law enforcement investigators, and individual participating agencies
are also allowed to do specialized training.  Although over 70
agencies participate in FLETC, several agencies--including the
FBI--do not participate.  The FBI maintains its own training
facilities.  As of December 1994, DOJ had not addressed this issue. 


--------------------
\11 From Red Tape to Results:  Creating a Government That Works
Better and Costs Less, report of the National Performance Review,
Vice President Al Gore, Sept.  7, 1993. 

\12 Management Reform:  Implementation of the National Performance
Review's Recommendations (GAO/OCG-95-1, Dec.  5, 1994). 


-------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 1:3.2

Mr.  Chairman, this completes my statement.  I would be pleased to
answer any questions you or other Members of the Subcommittee may
have. 


DEFINITIONS OF JOB SERIES
=========================================================== Appendix I

Following are OPM's definitions of the nine occupational series
included in our review.  These definitions were obtained from OPM's
September 1993 Handbook of Occupational Groups and Series. 


   GS-025--PARK RANGER SERIES
--------------------------------------------------------- Appendix I:1

This series includes positions the duties of which are to supervise,
manage, and/or perform work in the conservation and use of Federal
park resources.  This involves functions such as park conservation;
natural, historical, and cultural resource management; and the
development and operation of interpretive and recreational programs
for the benefit of the visiting public.  Duties characteristically
include assignments such as:  forest and structural fire control;
protection of property from natural or visitor related depredation;
dissemination to visitors of general, historical, or scientific
information; folk-art and craft demonstration; control of traffic and
visitor use of facilities; enforcement of laws and regulations;
investigation of violations, complaints, trespass/encroachment, and
accidents; search and rescue missions; and management activities
related to resources such as wildlife, lakeshores, seashores,
forests, historic buildings, battlefields, archeological properties,
and recreation areas. 


   GS-083--POLICE SERIES
--------------------------------------------------------- Appendix I:2

This series includes positions the primary duties of which are the
performance or supervision of law enforcement work in the
preservation of the peace; the prevention, detection, and
investigation of crimes; the arrest or apprehension of violators; and
the provision of assistance to citizens in emergency situations,
including the protection of civil rights.  The purpose of police work
is to assure compliance with Federal, State, county, and municipal
laws and ordinances, and agency rules and regulations pertaining to
law enforcement work. 


   GS-1801--GENERAL INSPECTION,
   INVESTIGATION, AND COMPLIANCE
   SERIES
--------------------------------------------------------- Appendix I:3

This series includes positions the primary duties of which are to
administer, coordinate, supervise or perform inspectional,
investigative, analytical, or advisory work to assure understanding
of and compliance with Federal laws, regulations, or other mandatory
guidelines when such work is not more appropriately classifiable in
another series either in the investigation group, GS-1800 or in
another occupational series. 


   GS-1802--COMPLIANCE INSPECTION
   AND SUPPORT SERIES
--------------------------------------------------------- Appendix I:4

This series includes positions which perform or supervise
inspectional or technical support work in assuring compliance with or
enforcement of Federal laws, regulations,or other mandatory
guidelines and which are not classifiable in another, more specific,
occupational series.  The work requires a knowledge of prescribed
procedures, established techniques, directly applicable guidelines,
and pertinent characteristics of regulated items or activities. 


   GS-1811--CRIMINAL INVESTIGATING
   SERIES
--------------------------------------------------------- Appendix I:5

This series includes positions that involve planning and conducting
investigations relating to alleged or suspected violations of
criminal laws.  These positions require primarily a knowledge of
investigative techniques and a knowledge of the laws of evidence, the
rules of criminal procedure, and precedent court decisions concerning
admissibility of evidence, constitutional rights, search and seizure
and related issues; the ability to recognize, develop and present
evidence that reconstructs events, sequences, and time elements, and
establishes relationships, responsibilities, legal liabilities,
conflicts of interest, in a manner that meets requirements for
presentation in various legal hearings and court proceedings; and
skill in applying the techniques required in performing such duties
as maintaining surveillance, performing undercover work, and advising
and assisting the U.S.  Attorney in and out of court. 


   GS-1812--GAME LAW ENFORCEMENT
   SERIES
--------------------------------------------------------- Appendix I:6

This series includes all classes of positions the duties of which are
to administer, coordinate, supervise, or perform inspectional,
investigative, or advisory work to assure public understanding of and
compliance with Federal statutes and regulations for the conservation
of fish and wildlife resources; in obtaining information on the
general condition of such resources; and in the conduct of operations
for the abatement of damage to agricultural crops caused by unusual
concentrations of wildlife. 


   GS-1816--IMMIGRATION INSPECTION
   SERIES
--------------------------------------------------------- Appendix I:7

This series includes inspection or examining work involving the
enforcement and administration of laws relating to the right of
persons to enter, reside in, or depart from the United States, Puerto
Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.  Inspection work requires
knowledge of laws, regulations, procedures and policies concerning
entry of persons to the United States and eligibility for various
benefits under the immigration laws; ability to acquire information
about citizenship and status through interviewing persons and
examining documents; ability to make sound decisions to enter or
exclude aliens from the United States and to determine eligibility
for benefits under the immigration laws; and sound judgment in
detaining or apprehending persons at the point of entry who are
violating immigration or other laws. 


   GS-1884--CUSTOMS PATROL OFFICER
   SERIES
--------------------------------------------------------- Appendix I:8

This series includes positions involved in law enforcement concerned
with (1) detecting and preventing the smuggling into or out of the
United States of contraband and controlled substances and materials;
(2) detecting and preventing theft, pilferage, or diversion of
merchandise, cargo, or other materials from areas under Customs
jurisdiction or custody; and (3) detecting and apprehending suspected
violators of the criminal provisions of the Customs laws of the
United States.  Enforcement duties are carried out by patrol and
surveillance at, around, and between international ports of entry of
the United States.  Such work requires knowledge and understanding of
Customs and related laws, instructions, and precedent decisions;
ability to evaluate information; ability to make timely decisions and
apply judgment in taking prompt and appropriate actions in all
situations and the ability to effectively use basic investigative and
law enforcement procedures to enforce the Customs laws and other laws
which the Customs Patrol Officer may be called upon to enforce or to
assist in enforcing. 


   GS-1896--BORDER PATROL AGENT
   SERIES
--------------------------------------------------------- Appendix I:9

This series includes positions involved in enforcement work concerned
with (1) detecting and preventing the smuggling or illegal entry of
aliens into the United States; (2) detecting and apprehending aliens
in violation of the conditions under which they were admitted; (3)
detecting and apprehending aliens at interior points in the United
States who entered illegally; (4) detecting and apprehending aliens
falsely claiming United States citizenship or legal status; (5)
detecting and apprehending producers, vendors and users of
counterfeit, altered and genuine documents used to circumvent the
immigration and nationality laws of the United States; and (6)
enforcing criminal provisions of the immigration and nationality laws
and regulations of the United States.  Such work requires knowledge
and understanding of the statutes, regulations, instructions and
precedent decisions pertaining to the enforcement of the immigration
and nationality laws, ability to evaluate information rapidly, make
timely decisions and take prompt and appropriate actions, and the
ability to use effectively basic investigative and law enforcement
procedures to enforce the immigration and nationality laws and other
laws which the Border Patrol Agent may be called upon to enforce or
assist in enforcing. 


NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN THE NINE
JOB SERIES, BY AGENCY, AS OF MARCH
31, 1995
========================================================== Appendix II

                                                                                Complianc
                                                                       General          e                         Immigrati     Customs      Border
                                          Park                         Inspect  Inspectio     Criminal      Game         on      Patrol      Patrol
                                        Ranger     Police                ion\a        n\b  Investigati       Law  Inspectio     Officer       Agent
Agency                                   (025)      (083)               (1801)     (1802)    ng (1811)    (1812)   n (1816)      (1884)      (1896)        Total
----------------------------------  ----------  ---------  ----------  -------  ---------  -----------  --------  ---------  ----------  ----------  ===========
Department of Justice
Federal Bureau of                            0          0                    0          0        9,749         0          0           0           0        9,749
 Investigation
Immigration &                                0          0                  457        949        1,537         0        132           0       4,461        7,536
 Naturalization Service
Drug Enforcement                             0          0                    0          0        3,434         0          0           0           0        3,434
 Administration
U.S. Marshals Service                        0          0                    0         36        2,411         0          0           0           0        2,447
Inspector General                            0          0                    0          0          117         0          0           0           0          117
Executive Office                             0          0                    0          0           11         0          0           0           0           11
 U.S. Attorneys & Office U.S.
 Attorney
Offices, Boards, &                           0          0                    0          0            1         0          0           0           0            1
 Divisions
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0          0                  457        985       17,260         0        132           0       4,461       23,295
Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue                             0          0                    0          0        3,601         0          0           0           0        3,601
 Service
U.S. Secret Service                          0      1,045                    0         33        2,049         0          0           0           0        3,127
U.S. Customs Service                         0          0                  199          0        2,754         0          0          35           0        2,988
Bureau of Alcohol,                           0          0                    0          0        1,952         0          0           0           0        1,952
 Tobacco & Firearms
Inspector General                            0          0                    0          0           40         0          0           0           0           40
Federal Law Enforcement Training             0          0                    0          0           17         0          0           0           0           17
 Center
Departmental Offices                         0          0                    0          0            6         0          0           0           0            6
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0      1,045                  199         33       10,419         0          0          35           0       11,731
Department of the Interior
National Park Service                      867        617                    0          0           20         0          0           0           0        1,504
Bureau of Indian Affairs                     0        281                    0          0           93         0          0           0           0          374
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service                 0          0                    1          1            0       223          0           0           0          225
Bureau of Land Management                    0          0                  141          0           57         0          0           0           0          198
Inspector General                            0          0                    0          0           42         0          0           0           0           42
Office of the Secretary                      0          0                    0          0            1         0          0           0           0            1
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                   867        898                  142          1          213       223          0           0           0        2,344
Department of the Navy
Field Offices                                0          0                    0          0          944         0          0           0           0          944
Naval Sea Systems Command                    0          0                    0          0           15         0          0           0           0           15
U.S. Pacific Fleet, Commander in             0          4                    0          0            0         0          0           0           0            4
 Chief
Naval Education & Training Command           0          4                    0          0            0         0          0           0           0            4
U.S. Atlantic Fleet, Commander in            0          2                    0          0            0         0          0           0           0            2
 Chief
Chief, Naval Operations                      0          0                    0          0            1         0          0           0           0            1
Naval Air Systems Command                    0          1                    0          0            0         0          0           0           0            1
Naval Supply Systems Command                 0          1                    0          0            0         0          0           0           0            1
Naval Security Group Command                 0          0                    0          0            1         0          0           0           0            1
U.S. Marine Corps                            0          1                    0          0            0         0          0           0           0            1
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0         13                    0          0          961         0          0           0           0          974
Department of Agriculture
U.S. Forest Service                          0          0                    1         38          151         0          0           0           0          190
Inspector General                            0          0                    1          0          258         0          0           0           0          259
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0          0                    2         38          409         0          0           0           0          449
Department of Defense
Inspector General                            0          0                    0          0          388         0          0           0           0          388
Washington                                   0          0                    0          0            4         0          0           0           0            4
 Headquarters Services
Defense Logistics Agency                     0          1                    0          0            0         0          0           0           0            1
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0          1                    0          0          392         0          0           0           0          393
Department of Health and Human
 Services
Office of the Secretary                      0          0                    0          0          236         0          0           0           0          236
Food & Drug                                  0          0                    0          0          111         0          0           0           0          111
 Administration
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0          0                    0          0          347         0          0           0           0          347
Department of Labor
Inspector General                            0          0                    0          0          150         0          0           0           0          150
Office of the American Workplace             0          0                  127          0            0         0          0           0           0          127
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0          0                  127          0          150         0          0           0           0          277
Department of Commerce
National Oceanic &                           0          0                    0          0            1       112          0           0           0          113
 Atmospheric Administration
U.S. Export Administration                   0          0                    0          0           67         0          0           0           0           67
Inspector General                            0          0                    0          0           23         0          0           0           0           23
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0          0                    0          0           91       112          0           0           0          203
Environmental Protection Agency              0          0                    0          0          199         0          0           0           0          199
Department of the Air Force
Office of Special Investigations             0          0                    0          0          160         0          0           0           0          160
Civilian Personnel                           0          0                    0          0            8         0          0           0           0            8
 Management Center
Air Force Material Command                   0          0                    0          0            5         0          0           0           0            5
Air National Guard Units (Title 5)           0          0                    0          0            2         0          0           0           0            2
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0          0                    0          0          175         0          0           0           0          175
General Services Administration
Public Buildings Service                     0          1                    0          0           66         0          0           0           0           67
Inspector General                            0          0                    0          0           65         0          0           0           0           65
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0          1                    0          0          131         0          0           0           0          132
Federal Deposit Insurance                    0          0                   28          0           92         0          0           0           0          120
 Corporation
Department of Housing & Urban
 Development
Inspector General                            0          0                    0          0          106         0          0           0           0          106
Department of Education
Inspector General                            0          0                    0          0           83         0          0           0           0           83
Department of Transportation
Inspector General                            0          0                    0          0           59         0          0           0           0           59
U.S. Coast Guard                             0          0                    0          0           20         0          0           0           0           20
National Highway Traffic Safety              0          0                    0          0            4         0          0           0           0            4
 Administration
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0          0                    0          0           83         0          0           0           0           83
Department of the Army
Criminal Investigation Command               0          0                    0          0           61         0          0           0           0           61
Missile Command                              0          0                    0          0            6         1          0           0           0            7
Training & Doctrine Command                  0          5                    0          0            0         0          0           0           0            5
Test & Evaluation Command                    0          0                    0          0            3         0          0           0           0            3
Forces Command                               0          0                    0          0            2         0          0           0           0            2
Army Medical Command                         0          0                    0          0            1         0          0           0           0            1
Military District of                         0          0                    0          0            1         0          0           0           0            1
 Washington
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0          5                    0          0           74         1          0           0           0           80
Department of Veterans Affairs
Inspector General                            0          0                    0          0           60         0          0           0           0           60
Health Administration                        0          5                    0          0            0         0          0           0           0            5
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0          5                    0          0           60         0          0           0           0           65
Department of Energy                         0          0                    0          0           58         0          0           0           0           58
Headquarters, National Aeronautics           0          0                    0          0           48         0          0           0           0           48
 & Space Administration
Department of State                          0          0                    0          0           44         0          0           0           0           44
Small Business Administration                0          0                    0          0           39         0          0           0           0           39
Railroad Retirement Board                    0          0                    0          0           33         0          0           0           0           33
Securities & Exchange Commission             0          0                    0          0           21         0          0           0           0           21
Federal Emergency Management                 0          0                    0          0           12         0          0           0           0           12
 Agency
U.S. Office of Personnel                     0          0                    0          0           10         0          0           0           0           10
 Management
U.S. Information Agency                      0          0                    0          0            8         0          0           0           0            8
National Science Foundation                  0          0                    0          0            4         0          0           0           0            4
Nuclear Regulatory Commission                0          0                    0          0            3         0          0           0           0            3
Agency for International                     0          0                    0          0            2         0          0           0           0            2
 Development
Pension Benefit Guaranty                     0          0                    0          0            2         0          0           0           0            2
 Corporation
National Archives and Records                0          0                    0          0            2         0          0           0           0            2
 Administration
================================================================================================================================================================
Total                                      867      1,968                  955      1,057       31,531       336        132          35       4,461       41,342
 (Percent\c)                            (2.10)     (4.76)               (2.31)     (2.56)      (76.27)     (.81)      (.32)       (.08)     (10.79)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a General Inspection, Investigation, and Compliance. 

\b Compliance Inspection and Support. 

\c Percentages rounded. 

Source:  Office of Personnel Management, CPDF, March 31, 1995. 


ANNUAL ADJUSTED BASIC PAY OF
EMPLOYEES IN THE NINE JOB SERIES,
AS OF MARCH 31, 1995
========================================================= Appendix III

                                                                       General                                    Immigratio     Customs      Border
                                          Park                         Inspect  Compliance    Criminal                     n      Patrol      Patrol
                                        Ranger     Police                ion\a  Inspection  Investigat  Game Law  Inspection     Officer       Agent
Agency                                   (025)      (083)               (1801)   \b (1802)  ing (1811)    (1812)      (1816)      (1884)      (1896)       Total
----------------------------------  ----------  ---------  ----------  -------  ----------  ----------  --------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ==========
Department of Justice
Federal Bureau of                           $0         $0                   $0          $0  $597,668,7        $0          $0          $0          $0  $597,668,7
 Investigation                                                                                      58                                                        58
Immigration &                                0          0              24,264,  29,631,393  81,073,130         0   5,496,398           0  168,588,17  309,053,30
 Naturalization Service                                                    203                                                                     8           2
Drug Enforcement                             0          0                    0           0  201,365,32         0           0           0           0  201,365,32
 Administration                                                                                      2                                                         2
U.S. Marshals Service                        0          0                    0   1,093,761  113,021,35         0           0           0           0  114,115,11
                                                                                                     0                                                         1
Inspector General                            0          0                    0           0   7,237,245         0           0           0           0   7,237,245
Executive Office                             0          0                    0           0     824,124         0           0           0           0     824,124
 U.S. Attorneys & Office U.S.
 Attorney
Offices, Boards, &                           0          0                    0           0      93,166         0           0           0           0      93,166
 Divisions
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0          0              24,264,  30,725,154  1,001,283,         0   5,496,398           0  168,588,17  1,230,357,
                                                                           203                     095                                             8         028
Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service                     0          0                    0           0  206,457,37         0           0           0           0  206,457,37
                                                                                                     5                                                         5
U.S. Customs Service                         0          0              11,270,           0  155,334,02         0           0   1,443,919           0  168,048,27
                                                                           331                       2                                                         2
U.S. Secret Service                          0  42,560,19                    0   1,275,975  118,488,66         0           0           0           0  162,324,83
                                                        3                                            8                                                         6
Bureau of Alcohol,                           0          0                    0           0  108,583,82         0           0           0           0  108,583,82
 Tobacco & Firearms                                                                                  2                                                         2
Inspector General                            0          0                    0           0   2,430,426         0           0           0           0   2,430,426
Federal Law Enforcement Training             0          0                    0           0   1,115,770         0           0           0           0   1,115,770
 Center
Departmental Offices                         0          0                    0           0     450,595         0           0           0           0     450,595
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0  42,560,19              11,270,   1,275,975  592,860,67         0           0   1,443,919           0  649,411,09
                                                        3                  331                       8                                                         6
Department of the Interior
National Park Service               27,125,474  27,052,40                    0           0     790,824         0           0           0           0  54,968,701
                                                        3
Bureau of Indian Affairs                     0  8,163,243                    0           0   3,943,162         0           0           0           0  12,106,405
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service                 0          0               30,613      28,121           0  11,436,6           0           0           0  11,495,349
                                                                                                              15
Bureau of Land                               0          0              4,195,1           0   2,849,176         0           0           0           0   7,044,365
 Management                                                                 89
Inspector General                            0          0                    0           0   2,491,849         0           0           0           0   2,491,849
Office of the Secretary                      0          0                    0           0      64,986         0           0           0           0      64,986
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                            27,125,474  35,215,64              4,225,8      28,121  10,139,997  11,436,6           0           0           0  88,171,655
                                                        6                   02                                15
Department of the Navy
Field Offices                                0          0                    0           0  50,039,378         0           0           0           0  50,039,378
Naval Sea Systems Command                    0          0                    0           0     393,164         0           0           0           0     393,164

U.S. Pacific Fleet, Commander in             0    111,479                    0           0           0         0           0           0           0     111,479
 Chief
Naval Education & Training Command           0    127,162                    0           0           0         0           0           0           0     127,162
U.S. Atlantic Fleet, Commander in            0     31,245                    0           0           0         0           0           0           0      31,245
 Chief
Chief, Naval Operations                      0          0                    0           0      24,038         0           0           0           0      24,038
Naval Air Systems Command                    0     32,250                    0           0           0         0           0           0           0      32,250
Naval Supply Systems                         0     25,628                    0           0           0         0           0           0           0      25,628
 Command
Naval Security Group                         0          0                    0           0      32,889         0           0           0           0      32,889
 Command
U.S. Marine Corps                            0     32,847                    0           0           0         0           0           0           0      32,847
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0    360,611                    0           0  50,489,469         0           0           0           0  50,850,080
Department of Agriculture
U.S. Forest Service                          0          0               52,590   1,215,383   7,182,960         0           0           0           0   8,450,933
Inspector General                            0          0               47,667           0  13,944,629         0           0           0           0  13,992,296
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0          0              100,257   1,215,383  21,127,589         0           0           0           0  22,443,229
Department of Defense
Inspector General                            0          0                    0           0  21,913,435         0           0           0           0  21,913,435
Washington                                   0          0                    0           0     158,148         0           0           0           0     158,148
 Headquarters Services
Defense Logistics Agency                     0     25,612                    0           0           0         0           0           0           0      25,612
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0     25,612                    0           0  22,071,583         0           0           0           0  22,097,195
Department of Health and Human
 Services
Office of the Secretary                      0          0                    0           0  14,216,152         0           0           0           0  14,216,152
Food & Drug                                  0          0                    0           0   6,272,832         0           0           0           0   6,272,832
 Administration
Subtotal                                     0          0                    0           0  20,488,984         0           0           0           0  20,488,984
Department of Labor
Inspector General                            0          0                    0           0   9,517,246         0           0           0           0   9,517,246
Office of the American Workplace             0          0              7,109,2           0           0         0           0           0           0   7,109,206
                                                                            06
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0          0              7,109,2           0   9,517,246         0           0           0           0  16,626,452
                                                                            06
Department of Commerce
National Oceanic & Atmospheric               0          0                    0           0      44,063  5,686,75           0           0           0   5,730,817
 Administration                                                                                                4
U.S. Export Administration                   0          0                    0           0   4,144,038         0           0           0           0   4,144,038
Inspector General                            0          0                    0           0   1,237,784         0           0           0           0   1,237,784
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0          0                    0           0   5,425,885  5,686,75           0           0           0  11,112,639
                                                                                                               4
Environmental Protection Agency              0          0                    0           0  11,091,720         0           0           0           0  11,091,720
Department of the Air Force
Office of Special Investigations             0          0                    0           0   8,008,295         0           0           0           0   8,008,295
Civilian Personnel                           0          0                    0           0     217,893         0           0           0           0     217,893
 Management Center
Material Command                             0          0                    0           0     199,668         0           0           0           0     199,668
Air National Guard Units (Title 5)           0          0                    0           0      69,492         0           0           0           0      69,492
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0          0                    0           0   8,495,348         0           0           0           0   8,495,348
General Services Administration
Public Buildings Service                     0     26,679                    0           0   2,345,473         0           0           0           0   2,372,152
Inspector General                            0          0                    0           0   4,069,729         0           0           0           0   4,069,729
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0     26,679                    0           0   6,415,202         0           0           0           0   6,441,881
Federal Deposit Insurance                    0          0              1,990,7           0   6,608,438         0           0           0           0   8,599,162
 Corporation                                                                24
Department of Housing & Urban                0          0                    0           0   6,025,704         0           0           0           0   6,025,704
 Development Inspector General
Department of Education Inspector            0          0                    0           0   4,638,672         0           0           0           0   4,638,672
 General
Department of Transportation
Inspector General                            0          0                    0           0   3,387,260         0           0           0           0   3,387,260
U.S. Coast Guard                             0          0                    0           0   1,006,698         0           0           0           0   1,006,698
National Highway Traffic Safety              0          0                    0           0     297,460         0           0           0           0     297,460
 Administration
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0          0                    0           0   4,691,418         0           0           0           0   4,691,418
Department of the Army
Criminal Investigation                       0          0                    0           0   2,788,308         0           0           0           0   2,788,308
 Command
Missile Command                              0          0                    0           0     273,735    34,665           0           0           0     308,400
Training & Doctrine Command                  0    141,423                    0           0           0         0           0           0           0     141,423
Test & Evaluation Command                    0          0                    0           0     106,794         0           0           0           0     106,794
Forces Command                               0          0                    0           0      33,132         0           0           0           0      33,132
Army Medical Command                         0          0                    0           0      30,263         0           0           0           0      30,263
Military District of                         0          0                    0           0      43,356         0           0           0           0      43,356
 Washington
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0    141,423                    0           0   3,275,588    34,665           0           0           0   3,451,676
Department of Veterans Affairs
Inspector General                            0          0                    0           0   3,014,849         0           0           0           0   3,014,849
Health Administration                        0    138,349                    0           0           0         0           0           0           0     138,349
================================================================================================================================================================
Subtotal                                     0    138,349                    0           0   3,014,849         0           0           0           0   3,153,198
Department of Energy                         0          0                    0           0   3,311,389         0           0           0           0   3,311,389
Headquarters, National Aeronautics           0          0                    0           0   2,888,855         0           0           0           0   2,888,855
 & Space Administration
Department of State                          0          0                    0           0   2,424,257         0           0           0           0   2,424,257
Small Business Administration                0          0                    0           0   2,200,174         0           0           0           0   2,200,174
Railroad Retirement Board                    0          0                    0           0   1,656,454         0           0           0           0   1,656,454
Securities & Exchange Commission             0          0                    0           0   1,599,385         0           0           0           0   1,599,385
Federal Emergency Management                 0          0                    0           0     737,331         0           0           0           0     737,331
 Agency
U.S. Office of Personnel                     0          0                    0           0     594,531         0           0           0           0     594,531
 Management
U.S. Information Agency                      0          0                    0           0     433,509         0           0           0           0     433,509
National Science Foundation                  0          0                    0           0      95,701         0           0           0           0      95,701
Nuclear Regulatory Commission                0          0                    0           0     344,287         0           0           0           0     344,287
Agency for International                     0          0                    0           0     140,118         0           0           0           0     140,118
 Development
Pension Benefit Guaranty                     0          0                    0           0      94,157         0           0           0           0      94,157
 Corporation
National Archives and Records                0          0                    0           0      51,557         0           0           0           0      51,557
 Administration
================================================================================================================================================================
Total                               $27,125,47  $78,468,5              $48,960  $33,244,63  $1,804,233  $17,158,                          $168,588,1  $2,184,718
 (Percent\c)                                 4         13                 ,523           3        ,170       034  $5,496,398  $1,443,919          78        ,842
                                        (1.24)     (3.59)               (2.24)      (1.52)     (82.58)     (.79)       (.25)       (.07)      (7.72)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a General Inspection, Investigation, and Compliance. 

\b Compliance Inspection and Support. 

\c Percentages rounded. 

Source:  Office of Personnel Management, CPDF, March 31, 1995. 


RELATED GAO PRODUCTS
============================================================ Chapter 2

Drug War:  Observations on the U.S.  International Drug Control
Strategy (GAO/T-NSIAD-95-182, June 27, 1995). 

Federal Fugitive Apprehension:  Agencies Taking Action to Improve
Coordination and Cooperation (GAO/GGD-95-75, May 2, 1995). 

Management Reform:  Implementation of the National Performance
Review's Recommendations (GAO/OCG-95-1, Dec.  5, 1994). 

Export Controls:  Actions Needed to Improve Enforcement
(GAO/NSIAD-94-28, Dec.  30, 1993). 

Management Reform:  GAO's Comments on the National Performance
Review's Recommendations (GAO/OCG-94-1, Dec.  3, 1993). 

Drug Control:  The Office of National Drug Control Policy--Strategies
Need Performance Measures (GAO/T-GGD-94-49, Nov.  15, 1993). 

Environmental Crime:  Issues Related to Justice's Criminal
Prosecution of Environmental Offenses (GAO/T-GGD-94-33, Nov.  3,
1993). 

Drug Control:  Reauthorization of the Office of National Drug Control
Policy (GAO/T-GGD-94-7, Oct.  5, 1993). 

Drug Control:  Reauthorization of the Office of National Drug Control
Policy (GAO/GGD-93-144, Sept.  29, 1993). 

Customs and INS:  Dual Management Structure for Border Inspections
Should Be Ended (GAO/GGD-93-111, June 30, 1993). 

Drug Control:  Coordination of Intelligence Activities
(GAO/GGD-93-83BR, Apr.  2, 1993). 

Bank and Thrift Failures:  The Government Could Do More to Pursue
Fraud and Wrongdoing (GAO/T-GGD-93-1, Jan.  28, 1993). 

Bank and Thrift Criminal Fraud:  The Federal Commitment Could Be
Broadened (GAO/GGD-93-48, Jan.  8, 1993). 

Drug Control:  Inadequate Guidance Results in Duplicate Intelligence
Production Efforts (GAO/NSIAD-92-153, Apr.  14, 1992). 

Bank and Thrift Fraud:  Overview of the Federal Government's Response
(GAO/T-GGD-92-12, Feb.  6, 1992). 

War on Drugs:  Information Management Poses Formidable Challenges
(GAO/IMTEC-91-40, May 31, 1991). 

Justice Department:  Coordination Between DEA and the FBI
(GAO/GGD-90-59, Mar.  21, 1990). 


*** End of document. ***