Native American Housing: Information on HUD's Funding of Indian Housing
Programs (Letter Report, 11/30/98, GAO/RCED-99-16).

Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Department of
Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) implementation of the Native
American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996
(NAHASDA), focusing on: (1) how HUD allocated funding to Indian housing
authorities and tribes before NAHASDA's enactment, and how much was
appropriated for Indian programs in fiscal years (FY) 1993 through 1997;
(2) identifying the factors HUD used to allocate Indian housing block
grant funding to tribes and tribally designated housing entities under
NAHASDA, and whether HUD considered current tribal housing needs, past
tribal housing management performance, and the magnitude of unspent
housing grant funding for incomplete housing projects; (3) the amount,
type, and age of unspent funding for incomplete housing projects; and
(4) the status of HUD's Indian housing block grant funding for fiscal
years 1998 and 1999.

GAO noted that: (1) before NAHASDA became effective, HUD distributed
funding to Indian housing authorities and tribes through 14 different
programs, each having its own criteria for awarding and allocating grant
funding; (2) for nine of these programs, funding was awarded
competitively, requiring the Indian housing authorities or tribes to
submit project proposals, which HUD then scored and ranked; (3) for the
other five programs, HUD allocated funding to Indian housing authorities
or tribes noncompetively, using formulas or distributing the funds on a
first-come, first-serve basis; (4) over fiscal years 1993 through 1997,
HUD provided a total of $2.8 billion to Indian housing authorities and
tribes through these 14 programs; (5) after NAHASDA went into effect for
FY 1998, eliminating 9 of the 14 separate Indian housing programs and
replacing them with a single block grant program, HUD used the act's
noncompetitive allocation formula to determine the grant amounts for the
575 Indian housing entities; (6) the formula has two components: (a) the
costs of operating and modernizing existing housing units; and (b) the
need for providing affordable housing activities; (7) the allocation
formula does not include a factor for past management performance; (8)
HUD's rationale was that there is no authority under the new act for it
to consider the authorities' failure to comply with requirements and
regulations that are no longer in effect; (9) relying on other guidance,
HUD has placed conditions on the use of NAHASDA grant funds if a housing
entity has a history of problems with administering other federal grant
programs; (10) in subsequent years, HUD can consider performance under
NAHASDA when dispensing new grants; (11) the block grant formula also
did not consider the approximately $929 million in total unspent Indian
housing program funding awarded in previous years because the funding
addresses needs that continue to exist; (12) most of the unspent funds
were provided in fiscal years 1993 through 1997 through two
programs--Development and Modernization; (13) entities must report their
planned use of those funds to HUD as part of their Indian housing plans;
(14) for FY 1998, $590 million was appropriated for the Indian housing
block grants awarded under the new act; (15) as of July 1, 1998, over 97
percent of the housing entities had submitted the required Indian
housing plans to HUD describing their planned use of block grant funds
and HUD approved 327 of those plans; and (16) for FY 1999, HUD requested
$600 million for the program.

--------------------------- Indexing Terms -----------------------------

 REPORTNUM:  RCED-99-16
     TITLE:  Native American Housing: Information on HUD's Funding of 
             Indian Housing Programs
      DATE:  11/30/98
   SUBJECT:  Native Americans
             Indian lands
             Block grants
             Low income housing
             Federal aid for housing
             Indian affairs legislation
             Housing programs
             Grant award procedures
             Grant administration
             Community development
IDENTIFIER:  HUD Indian Housing Program
             
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Cover
================================================================ COVER


Report to the Honorable
Thad Cochran, U.S.  Senate

November 1998

NATIVE AMERICAN HOUSING -
INFORMATION ON HUD'S FUNDING OF
INDIAN HOUSING PROGRAMS

GAO/RCED-99-16

Indian Housing Funding

(385752)


Abbreviations
=============================================================== ABBREV

  HUD - Department of Housing and Urban Development
  NAHASDA - Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination
     Act of 1996
  ONAP - Office of Native American Programs
  TDC - total development cost

Letter
=============================================================== LETTER


B-280876

November 30, 1998

The Honorable Thad Cochran
United States Senate

Dear Senator Cochran: 

The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has
traditionally provided federal housing assistance to Native Americans
through many of the same programs that have provided public housing
to the nation's low-income families.  However, this changed
significantly on October 26, 1996, when the President signed the
Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996
(NAHASDA) into law.  This act separated Indian housing programs from
public housing programs.  Under NAHASDA, federal housing assistance
for Indian tribes is to be provided in a manner that recognizes the
tribes' right of self-determination and self-governance, offering
tribes the maximum flexibility to plan, implement, and administer
their own unique housing programs.  Moreover, the new act eliminated
most of the existing Indian housing assistance programs and grants
and replaced them with a single block grant program that went into
effect on October 1, 1997.  Given concerns over the last 2 years with
the management of Indian housing programs,\1 you requested that we
examine certain aspects of the Department's implementation of
NAHASDA: 

  -- How did the Department allocate funding to Indian housing
     authorities and tribes before NAHASDA's enactment, and how much
     was appropriated for Indian housing programs in fiscal years
     1993 through 1997? 

  -- What factors did the Department use to allocate Indian housing
     block grant funding to tribes and tribally designated housing
     entities\2 under NAHASDA, and did the Department consider
     current tribal housing needs, past tribal housing management
     performance, and the magnitude of unspent housing grant funding
     for incomplete housing projects?  What is the amount, type, and
     "age" of unspent funding for incomplete housing projects? 

  -- What is the status of the Department's Indian housing block
     grant funding for fiscal years 1998 and 1999? 


--------------------
\1 See Native American Housing:  Challenges Facing HUD's Indian
Housing Program (GAO/T-RCED-97-105, Mar.  12, 1997) and the
Department of Housing and Urban Development's Office of Inspector
General's audit report, Office of Native American Programs Oversight
of Indian Housing Authorities (Washington, D.C.:  Feb.  1998). 

\2 In the remainder of our report, we refer to tribes and tribally
designated housing entities simply as "housing entities."


   RESULTS IN BRIEF
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :1

Before the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination
Act became effective on October 1, 1997, the Department of Housing
and Urban Development distributed funding to Indian housing
authorities and tribes through 14 different programs.  Each of the 14
programs had its own criteria for awarding and allocating grant
funding.  For nine of these programs, funding was awarded
competitively, requiring the Indian housing authorities or tribes to
submit project proposals, which the Department then scored and
ranked, awarding grants to the highest-ranked projects.  For the
other five programs, the Department allocated funding to Indian
housing authorities or tribes noncompetitively, using formulas or
distributing the funds on a first-come, first-served basis.  Over 5
fiscal years, 1993 through 1997, the Department provided a total of
$2.8 billion to Indian housing authorities and tribes through these
14 programs. 

After the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination
Act went into effect for fiscal year 1998, eliminating 9 of the 14
separate Indian housing programs and replacing them with a single
block grant program, the Department used the act's noncompetitive
allocation formula to determine the grant amounts for the 575 Indian
housing entities.  The formula has two components:  (1) the costs of
operating and modernizing existing housing units and (2) the need for
providing affordable housing activities.\3 The Department considers
current tribal housing needs in calculating the second component of
the formula.  The allocation formula does not include a factor for
past management performance.  According to HUD's Office of General
Counsel, it was legally constrained from considering Indian housing
authorities' past management performance as a factor in awarding
fiscal year 1998 block grants under the Native American Housing
Assistance and Self-Determination Act.  HUD's rationale was that
there is no authority under the new act for the Department to
consider the authorities' failure to comply with requirements and
regulations that are no longer in effect.  However, relying on other
guidance, HUD has placed conditions on the use of Native American
Housing Assistance and Self-Determination grant funds if a housing
entity has a history of problems with administering other federal
grant programs.  Furthermore, in subsequent years, HUD can consider
performance under the Native American Housing Assistance and
Self-Determination Act when dispensing new grants.  The block grant
formula also did not consider the approximately $929 million in total
unspent Indian housing program funding awarded in previous years
because, although the programs that provided those dollars were
eliminated, the funding addresses needs that continue to exist.  Most
of the unspent funds were provided in fiscal years 1993 through 1997
through two programs--Development and Modernization.  Entities must
report their planned use of those funds to the Department as part of
their Indian housing plans. 

For fiscal year 1998, $590 million was appropriated for the Indian
housing block grants awarded under the new act.  As of July 1, 1998,
over 97 percent of the housing entities had submitted the required
Indian housing plans to the Department describing their planned use
of block grant funds.  As of September 30, 1998, the Department had
reviewed and approved 327 plans, representing approximately $548
million in funding, and was in the process of reviewing 40 additional
plans representing another $39 million.  For fiscal year 1999, the
Department requested $600 million for the program; however, the
Department had not calculated final individual grant amounts. 


--------------------
\3 Among the activities funded through this second component are new
construction, rehabilitation, rental assistance, and counseling. 


   BACKGROUND
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :2

Until fiscal year 1998, Indian housing authorities\4 and tribes
received most of their funding for low-income housing through
programs established under the U.S.  Housing Act of 1937\5 and
administered by HUD's Office of Native American Programs.  Through
its headquarters and six field offices, and with the help of 217
Indian housing authorities, HUD administered the housing programs
that benefited Native American families that live in or near tribal
areas.  HUD provided funding to construct, maintain, and rehabilitate
low-income housing through programs such as Development, Operating
Subsidies, and Modernization. 

On October 26, 1996, the Native American Housing Assistance and
Self-Determination Act was signed into law, separating Indian housing
from public housing, administratively and financially.  The
regulations implementing NAHASDA were developed by a negotiated
rulemaking committee.  The committee had 58 members, 48 of them from
geographically diverse small, medium, and large tribes; the other 10
were HUD employees.  After review by the Office of Management and
Budget, HUD published the final rule implementing NAHASDA on March
12, 1998; it went into effect on April 13, 1998. 

NAHASDA eliminated 9 of HUD's 14 separate Indian housing programs,
replacing them with a single block grant program with one set of
funding criteria for HUD to administer and, according to HUD
officials, one system for managing and accounting for funds.\6 The
new act also allowed tribes to designate themselves, new housing
entities, or existing Indian housing authorities as the housing
entity to manage existing housing, to plan and implement housing
programs, and to administer block grant funding.  This change
resulted in the number of housing entities more than doubling, from
217 housing authorities to 575 tribally designated housing entities. 
Under NAHASDA, to receive funding, each housing entity must submit an
Indian housing plan to HUD describing 1-year and 5-year housing goals
and objectives, housing needs, and financial resources. 


--------------------
\4 Prior to the enactment of NAHASDA, Indian housing authorities
managed the majority of Indian housing programs.  An Indian housing
authority is a business entity established by a tribal government,
organized under tribal or state law, to develop and manage assisted
housing units. 

\5 The U.S.  Housing Act of 1937, as amended, created the Public
Housing Program to provide decent, safe, and sanitary housing for
low-income families; in 1961, the Department determined that this
included Native American low-income families. 

\6 NAHASDA did not affect five programs:  Indian Community
Development Block Grants, Drug Elimination Grants, Drug Elimination
Technical Assistance Grants, Economic Development and Supportive
Services, and Section 184 Indian Home Loan Guarantees. 


   HUD USED COMPETITIVE AND
   NONCOMPETITIVE PROCESSES TO
   PROVIDE INDIAN HOUSING GRANT
   FUNDING
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :3

Prior to NAHASDA, HUD provided funding directly to Indian housing
authorities and tribes through 14 programs for which a total of $2.8
billion was appropriated in fiscal years 1993 through 1997.\7 Each
program had its own criteria for awarding and allocating funds and
its own system for managing and accounting for the funds.  For nine
of the programs, Indian housing authorities or tribes competed for
funding.  The Indian housing authorities and tribes submitted project
proposals, which HUD then scored and ranked, awarding grants for the
highest-ranked projects.  For the other five programs, HUD allocated
funds to Indian housing authorities or tribes noncompetitively
through a formula or on a first-come, first-served basis.  Tables I.1
and I.2 in appendix I describe each program and the criteria used to
provide funding. 

Funding for HUD's Indian housing programs has remained relatively
consistent in recent years, ranging from a low of $491 million in
fiscal year 1996 to a high of $593 million in fiscal year 1995, as
shown in figure 1.  In fiscal year 1997, the last year these programs
were funded separately, funding was approximately $562 million, of
which almost $322 million, or 57 percent, was awarded through
competitive programs.  The approximately $240 million (43 percent)
remaining was allocated noncompetitively.  Figure 2 shows how the
fiscal year 1997 funds were distributed. 

   Figure 1:  Funding for HUD's
   Indian Housing Programs, Fiscal
   Years 1993-97

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

Source:  GAO's analysis based on data from HUD's Office of Native
American Programs. 

   Figure 2:  Competitive and
   Noncompetitive Indian Housing
   Programs, Fiscal Year 1997

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

Note:  Percentages do not sum to 100 percent because of rounding. 

Source:  GAO's analysis based on data from HUD's Office of Native
American Programs. 


--------------------
\7 HUD also provided funding for demonstration programs--some funded
only for 1 year, others funded infrequently in small amounts. 


   THE FORMULA USED TO DETERMINE
   FISCAL YEAR 1998 NAHASDA BLOCK
   GRANTS DID NOT CONSIDER PAST
   HOUSING AUTHORITY PERFORMANCE
   OR UNSPENT FUNDING
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :4

With the start of the NAHASDA program, HUD applied the act's
allocation formula to determine the amounts of the fiscal year 1998
block grants.  The formula considers tribes' housing needs, but did
not include a factor for housing authorities' past performance.  HUD
determined that the Department was legally constrained from
considering the past management performance of Indian housing
authorities.  The formula also did not factor in $929 million
provided in past years but not yet spent by the Indian housing
authorities and tribes.  Most of the unspent funding was provided in
fiscal years 1993 through 1997 for the Development and Modernization
programs, which were intended to assist Indian housing authorities in
building new housing and modernizing existing units.  The housing
entities can continue to use these unspent funds as originally
planned or as proposed in their Indian housing plans. 


      NAHASDA FUNDING IS BASED ON
      TWO COMPONENTS--MAINTAINING
      EXISTING HOUSING AND NEED
      FOR AFFORDABLE HOUSING
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :4.1

The NAHASDA block grant formula consists of two components:  (1) the
costs of operating and modernizing existing housing units and (2) the
need for providing affordable housing.  A housing entity's total
block grant amount is the sum of the amounts determined under each of
these two components--or the amount an Indian housing authority
received in fiscal year 1996 for modernization and operating
subsidy.\8

To determine funding for the first component--operating and
modernizing--HUD calculates the number of existing housing units an
entity has and the operating costs of providing that housing.  HUD
then calculates the modernization costs of keeping these units in
good working order.  These two cost figures are combined as the
entity's funding amount under the first component of the NAHASDA
formula.  To calculate funding of the second component of the NAHASDA
formula--need for affordable housing--HUD uses various factors. 
These factors reflect each housing entity's Native American
population, income levels, local housing costs and housing
conditions, and the extent of housing shortages.  Hence, it is
through the calculation of this component that tribal housing needs
are considered in the distribution of NAHASDA funding. 

In allocating funds in the first year of the NAHASDA program, HUD
recognized that the data used to calculate block grants may need to
be improved.  HUD has hired a contractor to review alternative data
sources to use when applying the NAHASDA formula.  In addition,
NAHASDA regulations require that HUD, with the consultation and
involvement of the tribes, review the formula and, if necessary,
revise the formula within 5 years.  Appendix II provides a more
detailed description of the current formula. 


--------------------
\8 NAHASDA has provisions to assure tribes of minimum grant amounts
based on the amount of funds they received before the act went into
effect.  For a more detailed discussion, see appendix II, page 32. 


      PAST HOUSING AUTHORITY
      MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE WAS
      NOT A FACTOR IN CALCULATING
      FISCAL YEAR 1998 BLOCK
      GRANTS, BUT PERFORMANCE
      UNDER NAHASDA MAY BE A
      FACTOR IN THE FUTURE
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :4.2

HUD interpreted NAHASDA as legally constraining the Department from
considering Indian housing authorities' past management performance
as a factor in determining the eligibility of housing entities for
fiscal year 1998 NAHASDA block grants.  Indian housing authorities'
past performance came under the requirements and regulations for
programs created under the U.S.  Housing Act of 1937, requirements
and regulations that are no longer in effect since NAHASDA eliminated
most of these programs.  According to HUD's Office of General
Counsel, there is no provision under NAHASDA allowing HUD, when
awarding block grant funding under the act, to consider Indian
housing authorities' failure to comply with requirements and
regulations that are no longer in effect.  Consequently, the housing
entities were given the opportunity to demonstrate good management
and performance under NAHASDA.  However, HUD does have the
authority\9 and has, in several instances, placed conditions, such as
additional monitoring and oversight, on the use of grant funds by a
housing entity that has a history of poor performance in
administering federal grant programs.  For example, for a tribe with
problems administering its Indian Community Development Block Grant
and HOME programs, HUD plans to more closely monitor expenditures of
NAHASDA block grant funds and to require that the tribe submit
quarterly program and financial reports. 

In future fiscal years, regulations permit HUD, when dispensing new
grants, to consider how well housing entities have managed past
NAHASDA grants.  NAHASDA regulations allow HUD to sanction poorly
managed housing entities by (1) reducing or eliminating future grant
funding or (2) replacing the housing entity managing the program. 
Such actions may be taken if HUD determines, through activities such
as reviewing reports provided by tribes or making site visits, that
housing entities are substantially noncompliant with NAHASDA
regulations.\10 HUD plans to closely monitor housing entities that
are having performance problems and to provide them with technical
assistance to help them comply with NAHASDA requirements.  To monitor
and assist these entities, HUD is using Internet e-mail to facilitate
the submission and review of Indian housing plans and to respond to
housing entities' questions about the program. 

Providing additional monitoring and technical assistance may pose a
challenge for HUD, given the Department's decreasing resources. 
HUD's Inspector General has stated that effectively overseeing
housing entities while simultaneously implementing the NAHASDA
program may prove difficult with current HUD staffing because the
number of housing entities served by HUD under NAHASDA will more than
double. 

Until the first year of NAHASDA is completed, HUD will not know what
the impact this increase in the number of housing entities served
will have on its workload.  The Deputy Assistant Secretary, Office of
Native American Programs, estimated that 221 staff years will be
needed to fully implement Indian housing programs.  Meanwhile,
several changes are planned to accommodate the future workload with
the present staffing level of 178 employees.  The planned changes
include addressing the length and frequency of site visits, modifying
some work processes, and using technology to improve efficiency.  The
Deputy Assistant Secretary added that because of the resource
limitations, the office may have to reduce the number of site visits
to tribal housing entities during fiscal year 1999.  HUD plans to
visit only 20 percent of the housing entities, instead of 33 percent
as originally planned. 

Under NAHASDA regulations, the tribes also have a responsibility to
monitor the performance and compliance of their housing entities. 
For example, tribes are required to ensure that their entities
prepare periodic progress reports, including annual compliance
assessments and performance and audit reports. 


--------------------
\9 HUD relied on 24 C.F.R.  part 85, Administrative Requirements for
Grants and Cooperative Agreements to State, Local, and Federally
Recognized Indian Tribal Governments, which provides a number of
remedies for noncompliance with grant terms. 

\10 NAHASDA regulations define substantial noncompliance as (1) a
material effect on a recipient meeting an Indian housing plan's goals
and objectives, (2) a material pattern of activities constituting
willful noncompliance with NAHASDA, (3) an expenditure of a material
amount of the NAHASDA funding budgeted by the recipient for a
material activity, and (4) placing the housing program at substantial
risk of fraud, waste, or abuse. 


      UNSPENT INDIAN HOUSING
      FUNDING WAS NOT A FACTOR IN
      CALCULATING FISCAL YEAR 1998
      NAHASDA BLOCK GRANTS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :4.3

The unspent $929 million in Indian housing funding was not a factor
in calculating the fiscal year 1998 block grants because, according
to HUD officials, the unspent funding addresses needs that continue
to exist.  This funding, awarded in previous years, remains available
for housing entities to complete ongoing work or for eligible NAHASDA
activities.  NAHASDA regulations require housing entities to use
unspent funding for housing planned under earlier housing programs if
contracts have already been signed.  However, if such contracts have
not been signed, NAHASDA regulations allow the entities to integrate
the funding into their overall NAHASDA housing plan.  Housing
entities report these unspent funds and the plans for their use as
part of the Indian housing plans they submit for HUD's approval. 

Officials from HUD's Office of the Chief Financial Officer told us
that some funds, particularly the Development and Modernization
funds, have remained unspent because of the construction difficulties
some projects on Indian lands have encountered.\11 These difficulties
include legal disputes and the remoteness of the Indian lands, which
makes access difficult for the builders and other individuals,
businesses, and suppliers needed to construct housing. 

Most of the unspent funding, almost $903 million of it, was provided
in fiscal years 1993 through 1997 and was for the Development and
Modernization programs.  The unspent funding provided in fiscal years
1993 through 1997 is shown by program in figure 3.  Over this same
5-year period, HUD provided a total of $2.8 billion for Indian
housing programs; thus, about 30 percent of this funding remains
unspent.  In appendix III, table III.1 shows the unspent Indian
housing funding by program over an 18-year period.  Table III.2 shows
the unspent Indian housing funding over the same period for 15 Indian
housing authorities and tribes that have unspent funding of more than
$10 million each. 

   Figure 3:  Unspent Indian
   Housing Funding Provided in
   Fiscal Years 1993-97, by
   Program

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

Source:  GAO's analysis based on data from HUD's Program Accounting
System. 


--------------------
\11 We reported on the difficulties in building housing on Indian
lands in February 1998 and March 1997.  See Native American Housing: 
Homeownership Opportunities on Trust Lands Are Limited
(GAO/RCED-98-49, Feb.  24, 1998) and Native American Housing: 
Information on HUD's Housing Programs for Native Americans
(GAO/RCED-97-64, Mar.  28, 1997). 


   HUD HAS ALLOCATED NAHASDA BLOCK
   GRANTS FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998 AND
   REQUESTED 1999 FUNDING
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :5

As of September 30, 1998, HUD had allocated most of the fiscal year
1998 NAHASDA block grants and had requested funds from the Congress
for fiscal year 1999 block grants.  To receive grants from the $590
million available for the NAHASDA program in fiscal year 1998, each
of the 575 housing entities had to submit an Indian housing plan by
July 1, 1998.  HUD had received plans representing over 97 percent of
the entities by the deadline.  As of September 30, 1998, HUD had
approved 327 plans representing approximately $548 million and was in
the process of reviewing 40 additional plans representing $39
million--for a total of 367 plans and $587 million in fiscal year
1998 block grants.  Appendix IV shows the fiscal year 1998 block
grant amount for each housing entity. 

For the fiscal year 1999 program, HUD requested $600 million from the
Congress.  As of September 30, 1998, however, HUD had not calculated
the final fiscal year 1999 block grant allocations because it had not
yet received its appropriation.  Fiscal year 1999 Indian housing
plans are due by July 1, 1999, for HUD's review and approval. 


   CONCLUSIONS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :6

Passage and implementation of NAHASDA presents HUD and the Native
American tribes with both opportunities and challenges.  NAHASDA
allows HUD to manage and monitor most housing assistance to tribes
through a single program.  At the same time, NAHASDA more than
doubled the number of grantees that must be assisted and
monitored--during a period of declining resources at the Department. 
As for the tribes, they gained the freedom to set their own
priorities and to determine how to best meet their housing needs with
the resources available.  Yet the tribes will ultimately be
responsible for making sure that grant funds are spent efficiently
and appropriately.  It is too soon to determine how well HUD and the
tribes will meet the challenges presented by NAHASDA. 


   AGENCY COMMENTS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :7

We provided the Department of Housing and Urban Development with a
draft of this report for review and comment.  HUD generally agreed
with the report but commented that we should recognize that the
Department merely administers the NAHASDA formula.  The formula was a
product of the negotiated rulemaking process, and the Department did
not determine or control the elements of the formula.  We have
expanded the discussion in our report to reflect this concern. 

HUD also suggested that we include information on standard spend-out
rates for the Development and Modernization programs in our
discussion of unspent program funding to allow for a more
comprehensive understanding of the issue.  We believe that our
discussion of the unspent program funding addresses this concern.  We
point out that most of the unspent funding was appropriated over a
recent 5-year period--fiscal years 1993 through 1997.  Furthermore,
we describe the difficulties of building on Indian lands and point
out that Development and Modernization funds can remain unspent
because of these difficulties.  Consequently, we did not make the
suggested change to the report. 

Additionally, HUD provided a number of suggested technical and
clarification comments that we have incorporated as appropriate. 


   SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :8

To determine how HUD awarded and allocated funding to Indian housing
authorities and tribes before NAHASDA's enactment, we reviewed
regulations governing HUD's grant award programs.  In addition, we
reviewed the applicable HUD handbooks and guidebooks and interviewed
officials from HUD's headquarters Office of Native American Programs
in Washington, D.C., and Denver, Colorado, who were familiar with the
programs' funding.  To determine the aggregate funding amounts for
Indian housing programs in fiscal years 1993 through 1997, we
obtained data from HUD's annual reports. 

To determine what factors HUD used to allocate Indian housing block
grant funding to housing entities under NAHASDA, we reviewed NAHASDA,
the final rule developed under the act, notices, and plans for
implementing NAHASDA.  We also analyzed the NAHASDA block grant
allocation formula.  We discussed the NAHASDA block grant allocation
process and formula with officials of HUD's Office of Native American
Programs who were responsible for NAHASDA's implementation.  In
addition, we interviewed members of the NAHASDA Negotiated Rulemaking
Committee who participated in drafting the final rule and the block
grant allocation formula.  To determine the amount, type, and "age"
of unspent Indian housing program funds, we analyzed data obtained
for us by HUD from its Program Accounting System.  We did not
systematically verify the accuracy of HUD's data or conduct a
reliability assessment of HUD's databases as part of this assignment. 

To determine the status of Indian housing block grant funding for
fiscal year 1998, we reviewed HUD's reports on housing entities'
status in meeting NAHASDA funding requirements and the associated
funding amounts.  We also interviewed officials of HUD's Office of
Native American Programs who were responsible for calculating and
allocating the fiscal year 1998 block grants. 

We performed our work from June 1998 through November 1998 in
accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards. 


---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :8.1

We are sending copies of this report to the Secretary of HUD and the
Director, Office of Management and Budget.  We will make copies
available to others on request.  Please call me at (202) 512-7631 if
you or your staff have any questions.  Major contributors to this
report are listed in appendix V. 

Sincerely yours,

Stanley J.  Czerwinski
Associate Director, Housing and
 Community Development Issues


GRANT AWARD CRITERIA AND FISCAL
YEAR 1997 FUNDING FOR COMPETITIVE
AND NONCOMPETITIVE INDIAN HOUSING
PROGRAMS
=========================================================== Appendix I



                                                                      Table I.1
                                                       
                                                         Competitive Grant Award Criteria for
                                                       Indian Housing Programs and Fiscal Year
                                                                     1997 Funding

                                                                                                    Criteria
                                                            -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Fiscal year 1997  For determining total         For determining Indian
                                          funding (dollars  funding allocated to a field  housing authority's or        For scoring and ranking
Program             Description               in millions)  office's area                 tribe's eligibility           proposals
------------------  ------------------  ------------------  ----------------------------  ----------------------------  -----------------------------
Development\a       Assists Indian                  $200.0  --Bureau of Indian Affairs    --Indian housing authority    --Relative unmet need for
                    housing                                 housing needs assessment      established under state law   housing
                    authorities in                          --Percentage of the area's    or a HUD-approved tribal      --Relative Indian housing
                    developing,                             total need                    ordinance                     authority occupancy rate
                    acquiring, and                          --Estimated number of units   --Indian housing authority    compared with the occupancy
                    rehabilitating                          to be funded                  had the capacity to           rates of other eligible
                    housing for Native                      --Weighted average cost of    administer the program as     Indian housing authorities
                    American families                       developing housing within     demonstrated by compliance    --Time since last Development
                                                            each area                     with HUD standards for        grant was approved compared
                                                                                          housing development,          with that for other eligible
                                                                                          modernization, and            Indian housing authorities
                                                                                          operations                    --Current Indian housing
                                                                                          --Indian housing authority    authority development
                                                                                          met performance eligibility   "pipeline" activity already
                                                                                          thresholds to apply for       in progress
                                                                                          housing development funding:  --For fiscal year 1997, HUD
                                                                                          environmental review, fiscal  applied additional factors
                                                                                          closeout, final site          for scoring and ranking that
                                                                                          approval and control,         included clear Indian housing
                                                                                          utility supplier's firm       authority demonstration of
                                                                                          commitment, and               preplanning housing project
                                                                                          preconstruction               activities, site selection
                                                                                          certification                 that results in cost savings,
                                                                                                                        and innovative approaches to
                                                                                                                        development or financing that
                                                                                                                        reduce housing delivery time
                                                                                                                        or increase the number of
                                                                                                                        units

Indian Community    Assists tribes in                 67.0  --$1 million base amount for  --Reasonableness of           --Need for project and its
Development Block   developing decent                       each field office             project's cost                design
Grant               housing, suitable                       --Additional amount           --Project's appropriateness   --Project planning
                    living                                  calculated by a formula that  for intended use              --Leveraging of block grant
                    environments, and                       considered the latest Census  --Project can be achieved     funding
                    economic                                data for the eligible Native  within 2 years
                    opportunities for                       American population residing  --Tribe's administrative,
                    low-and moderate-                       in each area and the extent   managerial, and technical
                    income families                         of poverty and housing        capacity
                                                            overcrowding                  --Tribe's past grants
                                                                                          administration
                                                                                          --Tribe's actions to impede
                                                                                          development of housing for
                                                                                          low-and moderate-income
                                                                                          individuals
                                                                                          --Outstanding block grant
                                                                                          obligations to HUD

Comprehensive       Assists Indian                    24.9  --Indian housing authority's  --Compliance with Fair        --Project extent and urgency
Improvement         housing                                 need for repairing and        Housing, Civil Rights, and    to comply with statutory,
Assistance Program  authorities that                        replacing existing housing    environmental statutes        regulatory, or court-ordered
for                 manage fewer than                       units                         --Housing projects have to    deadlines
modernization\a     250 units in                                                          be fully available for        --Extent of vacancies where
(Nonemergency)      modernizing                                                           occupancy                     the vacancies are not due to
                    existing housing                                                                                    a lack of housing demand
                    and improving                                                                                       --Indian housing authority's
                    Indian housing                                                                                      modernization capability
                    authority                                                                                           --Indian housing authority's
                    management                                                                                          management capability
                                                                                                                        --Degree of residential
                                                                                                                        involvement in the Indian
                                                                                                                        housing authority's
                                                                                                                        operations
                                                                                                                        --Degree of Indian housing
                                                                                                                        authority activity in
                                                                                                                        resident initiatives
                                                                                                                        --Degree of resident
                                                                                                                        employment
                                                                                                                        --Tribal government support
                                                                                                                        for the modernization
                                                                                                                        project
                                                                                                                        --Degree of activity in
                                                                                                                        coordinating and providing
                                                                                                                        resident services

HOME Investment     Assists tribes in                 21.0  --Formula calculating         --Administrative capacity to  Degree to which
Partnership\a       expanding the                           housing needs for tribes      undertake the proposed        --project addressed the
                    supply of                               within each field office      housing project, including    housing needs of the tribe
                    affordable housing                      area                          the necessary internal        and maximized benefits to
                    for low-and very-                                                     control systems               low-income families
                    low-income                                                            --If the tribe participated   --tribe had taken the
                    families by                                                           in the HOME program before,   financial, administrative,
                    building and                                                          it performed adequately       and legal actions necessary
                    repairing housing                                                     --If the tribe had            to undertake the proposed
                                                                                          deficiencies in its prior     project and had the
                                                                                          administration of a HOME      administrative staff to carry
                                                                                          project, it took action to    out the project
                                                                                          correct the deficiencies      --tribe would use other
                                                                                                                        sources of funding, such as
                                                                                                                        state grants, private
                                                                                                                        mortgage insurance, private
                                                                                                                        contributions, and other
                                                                                                                        federal grants, to leverage
                                                                                                                        funding for the project

Drug Elimination    Assists Indian                     5.8  --Funding awarded directly    --Plan for evaluating         --Indian housing authority's
                    housing                                 to Indian housing             activities                    administrative capacity and
                    authorities in                          authorities by HUD's Office   --Plan for establishing a     relevant experience
                    establishing and                        of Public and Indian Housing  relationship with local law   --Problem's extent
                    implementing                                                          enforcement entities          --Support of residents, local
                    antidrug and                                                          --Coordination with           government, and community in
                    anticrime programs                                                    empowerment zone and welfare  implementing activities
                    in Indian housing                                                     reform efforts                --Soundness of proposed plan
                    developments                                                          --Description of use of       --Extent of coordination and
                                                                                          community facilities and      participation with other
                                                                                          bringing back community       organizations in community
                                                                                          focus to housing authority    planning
                                                                                          properties
                                                                                          --Assurance that Indian
                                                                                          housing authority has a
                                                                                          broad range of tools for
                                                                                          making and maintaining a
                                                                                          safe community

Emergency Shelter   Assists tribes in                  1.3  --Formula calculating         --Form, timeliness, and       --Tribe's capacity to carry
Grant\a             improving quality,                      emergency shelter needs for   completeness of application   out the proposed activities
                    increasing                              tribes within each field      --Tribe's eligibility as      successfully and within a
                    availability, and                       office area                   determined by Department of   reasonable time
                    funding operations                                                    Treasury Office of Revenue    --Tribe's service to the
                    of emergency                                                          Sharing                       homeless population that is
                    shelters and in                                                       --Eligibility of persons to   most difficult to reach and
                    providing                                                             be served for program         serve
                    essential services                                                    assistance                    --Existence of an unmet need
                    to homeless                                                           --Tribe's building            for the proposed project
                    individuals                                                           compliance with disability    --Appropriateness of proposed
                                                                                          requirements                  activities to meet the needs
                                                                                                                        of the served population
                                                                                                                        --Extent of coordination with
                                                                                                                        other community programs

Economic            Assists Indian                     1.2  --Funding awarded directly    --51 percent or more of the   --Indian housing authority's
Development and     housing                                 to Indian housing             residents included in the     administrative capacity and
Supportive          authorities in                          authorities by HUD's Office   proposed project are          relevant experience
Services            establishing and                        of Public and Indian Housing  affected by welfare reform    --Extent of problem and need
                    implementing                                                          --Proposed activities must    for project
                    resident self-                                                        take place in a community     --Soundness of program
                    sufficiency                                                           facility that is easily       approach and methodology
                    programs and in                                                       accessible for applicants     --Indian housing authority's
                    supporting                                                            --Community resources must    ability to leverage project
                    independent living                                                    be firmly committed to the    resources
                    for elderly and                                                       project                       --Extent of coordination with
                    disabled residents                                                    --Indian housing authority's  community to identify and
                                                                                          compliance with current       address problems
                                                                                          programs
                                                                                          --Troubled housing authority
                                                                                          must use a contract
                                                                                          administrator

Section 8 Rental    Assists Indian                     0.4  --Funding provided to field   --Families, not Indian        --Funding provided to field
Assistance\a        housing                                 offices to assist Indian      housing authorities or        offices to assist Indian
                    authorities in                          housing authorities in        tribes, must be eligible for  housing authorities in
                    providing                               providing funds for eligible  assistance                    providing funds for eligible
                    subsidies to low-                       families                                                    families
                    and very-low-
                    income families
                    for renting safe,
                    decent, and
                    sanitary private
                    sector housing

Tenant              Assists Indian                     0.4  --Funding awarded directly    --51 percent or more of the   --Resident organization's
Opportunities\a     housing resident                        to organizations by HUD's     residents included in the     administrative capacity to
                    organizations in                        Office of Public and Indian   proposed project are          carry out the project and its
                    establishing                            Housing                       affected by welfare reform    relevant experience
                    educational,                                                          --Signed agreement between    --Need for the project and
                    professional, and                                                     the applicant and the         extent of the problem
                    economic programs                                                     housing authority describing  --Soundness of program
                                                                                          each of their roles and       approach and methodology
                                                                                          responsibilities              --Resident organization's
                                                                                          --Proposed activities must    ability to leverage project
                                                                                          take place in a community     resources
                                                                                          facility that is easily       --Extent that project
                                                                                          accessible for applicants     reflects a coordinated
                                                                                          --Must use the services of a  community-based process
                                                                                          contract administrator or     identifying and addressing
                                                                                          mediator                      the problem
                                                                                          --Must be a registered        --HUD ONAP awarded a small
                                                                                          nonprofit organization        portion of the funding using
                                                                                          --Compliance with current     a lottery system
                                                                                          programs and no unresolved
                                                                                          audit findings
                                                                                          --Contract administrator
                                                                                          must not be in default
                                                                                          --Letters of support from
                                                                                          project participants
                                                                                          --Certification of resident
                                                                                          organization board elections

=====================================================================================================================================================
Total program                                       $322.0
funding
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a NAHASDA eliminated this program. 



                                                                      Table I.2
                                                       
                                                       Noncompetitive Grant Allocation Criteria
                                                        for Indian Housing Programs and Fiscal
                                                                  Year 1997 Funding

                                                                                                    Criteria
                                                            -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Fiscal year 1997  For determining total         For determining Indian        For allocating funding to
                                          funding (dollars  funding allocated to a field  housing authority's or        Indian housing authorities or
Program             Description               in millions)  office's area                 tribe's eligibility           tribes
------------------  ------------------  ------------------  ----------------------------  ----------------------------  -----------------------------
Comprehensive       Assists Indian                  $114.5  --Funding allocated directly  --HUD approval of Indian      --Formula calculating housing
Grant Program for   housing                                 to field offices by HUD's     housing authority's           modernization needs of Indian
modernization\a     authorities that                        Office of Public and Indian   comprehensive plan            housing authorities
                    manage 250 or more                      Housing                       identifying all physical
                    units in                                                              condition and management
                    modernizing                                                           improvements of existing
                    existing housing                                                      housing and action plan for
                    and improving                                                         achieving them
                    Indian housing                                                        --Coordination with local
                    authority                                                             officials in developing
                    management                                                            comprehensive plan
                                                                                          --Indian housing authority
                                                                                          board resolution approving
                                                                                          comprehensive plan
                                                                                          --Additional assurances or
                                                                                          information required from
                                                                                          HUD monitoring, audit
                                                                                          findings, civil rights
                                                                                          compliance findings, or
                                                                                          corrective action orders

Operating           Assists Indian                    99.0  --Funding allocated directly  --Indian housing authorities  --Performance Funding System
Subsidy\a           housing                                 to field offices by HUD's     must meet HUD financial       formula for calculating what
                    authorities in                          Office of Public and Indian   management and occupant       a well-managed Indian housing
                    helping pay for                         Housing                       income requirements           authority would need to
                    operating expenses                                                                                  operate its housing programs



Comprehensive       Assists Indian                    23.1  --Indian housing authority's  --Compliance with Fair        --All eligible applications
Improvement         housing                                 need for repairing existing   Housing, Civil Rights, and    funded subject to the
Assistance Program  authorities that                        housing units                 environmental statutes        availability of funds
for                 manage fewer than                                                     --Housing projects have to
modernization\a     250 units in                                                          be fully available for
(Emergency)         correcting                                                            occupancy
                    conditions posing
                    an immediate
                    health and safety
                    threat to
                    residents

Section 184 Loan    Assists Indian                     3.0  --HUD does not allocate       --Tribe must have developed   --HUD guarantees loans made
Guarantee           housing                                 funding for loan guarantees   eviction and foreclosure      by private lenders to
                    authorities,                            to field offices              procedures                    applicants that meet loan
                    tribes, or Native                                                                                   qualifications
                    American families
                    in accessing
                    private financing
                    by providing HUD
                    with funds to
                    guarantee loans
                    for constructing,
                    acquiring, or
                    rehabilitating
                    housing

Drug Elimination    Assists Indian                     0.1  --Funding allocated directly  Applicant must                --Funding is allocated on a
Technical           housing                                 to technical assistance       --be a resident organization  first-come, first-served
Assistance Grant    authorities and                         providers by HUD's Office of  incorporated as nonprofit or  basis
                    housing authority                       Public and Indian Housing     if a resident management
                    resident                                                              corporation, must enter into
                    organizations in                                                      a contract with a housing
                    hiring drug and                                                       authority or tribe
                    crime elimination                                                     --if a consultant, have
                    experts                                                               tribe-and antidrug-related
                                                                                          experience
                                                                                          --meet eligibility
                                                                                          requirements for the Drug
                                                                                          Elimination Grant program
                                                                                          --not propose an ineligible
                                                                                          activity
                                                                                          --describe the nature of the
                                                                                          problem
                                                                                          --describe the technical
                                                                                          assistance needed and the
                                                                                          outcome of the assistance
                                                                                          --describe the steps being
                                                                                          taken to address the
                                                                                          problem
                                                                                          --describe how the
                                                                                          assistance will help develop
                                                                                          an antidrug and anticrime
                                                                                          strategy
                                                                                          --commit to providing
                                                                                          continued support of
                                                                                          antidrug and anticrime
                                                                                          activities
                                                                                          --include a field office
                                                                                          confirmation form

=====================================================================================================================================================
Total program                                       $239.7
funding
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a NAHASDA eliminated this program. 


FORMULA USED TO ALLOCATE NAHASDA
BLOCK GRANT FUNDING
========================================================== Appendix II

Using the block grant formula established under the Native American
Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (NAHASDA), the
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) allocates funds to
Indian housing entities for (1) the costs of operating and
modernizing existing housing units and (2) the need for providing
affordable housing activities.\1 In calculating grant amounts for
operating and modernizing existing housing, HUD, as specified in the
formula, considers inflation since 1996 in the cost of providing
these services, the number of housing units an entity operates, and
the entity's cost of providing these services compared with the
average cost for all entities.  In calculating grant amounts for the
need to provide affordable housing activities, HUD considers seven
weighted factors specified in the formula indicating the need for
housing activities and the cost of obtaining the activities. 
Additionally, once the block grants are calculated, HUD ensures that
the funding amounts meet certain minimum levels. 


--------------------
\1 While HUD identifies this part of the formula as the "need"
component, we infer from the indicators it contains that the
particular need being measured is for the provision of housing
activities.  The funds can be used for various activities, including
new construction, rehabilitation, rental assistance, and counseling. 


   HOW FUNDING FOR OPERATING AND
   MODERNIZING HOUSING IS
   CALCULATED
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix II:1

HUD calculates an entity's grant amount for operating and modernizing
existing housing using fiscal year 1996 national average funding per
housing unit and increasing it to reflect cost increases.  After this
inflation adjustment, HUD adjusts the national average amount to
reflect geographic differences in the cost of operating and
modernizing housing for each Indian housing entity.  HUD then
multiplies each entity's cost per unit by the number of housing units
the entity operates to arrive at its grant amount.  Figure II.1
illustrates the formula for calculating funding for operating and
modernizing existing housing. 

   Figure II.1:  Formula for
   Calculating Funding for
   Operating and Modernizing
   Existing Housing

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)


   SAMPLE FUNDING CALCULATION FOR
   OPERATING AND MODERNIZING
   EXISTING HOUSING
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix II:2

Housing entities operate a variety of units that are classified into
three major types:  (1) low-income rental units built under the U.S. 
Housing Act of 1937, (2) units operated under the Section 8 Rental
Assistance program, and (3) Turnkey III and Mutual Help homeownership
units.  For the NAHASDA block grants, HUD separately calculates grant
amounts that reflect the operating and modernizing needs of each of
these types of housing units.  An entity's funding reflects these
needs and is the sum of two calculations. 

Table II.1 shows a hypothetical sample calculation of an entity's
funding for operating housing.  In calculating funding for operating
housing, HUD uses the 1996 national average funding for each of the
three types of housing.  In our hypothetical sample calculation, we
assume that the inflation cost adjustment is 5.3 percent and that the
entity's geographic cost factor is 14 percent above the national
average.  We also assume that the entity is responsible for operating
150 low-income housing units, 50 Section 8 housing units, and 20
Turnkey III and Mutual Help units.  We use the fiscal year 1996
national average funding amount for each type of housing unit in our
hypothetical calculation. 



                                     Table II.1
                      
                      Hypothetical Sample Calculation of Block
                        Grant Funding for Operating Housing

     Fiscal
       year
Ho     1996
us  average          Inflatio          Geograph
in  funding                 n           ic cost
g    amount          adjustme          adjustme
ty      per                nt                nt            Number           Funding
pe     unit            factor            factor          of units            amount
--  -------  ------  --------  ------  --------  ------  --------  ------  --------
Lo   $2,440       x     1.053       x     1.140       x       150       =  $439,354
 w-
 i
 n
 c
 o
 m
 e
Se   $3,625       x     1.053       x     1.140       x        50       =   217,576
 c
 t
 i
 o
 n
 8
Tu     $528       x     1.053       x     1.140       x        20       =    12,676
 r
 n
 k
 e
 y
 I
 I
 I
 a
 n
 d
 M
 u
 t
 u
 a
 l
 H
 e
 l
 p
To                                                                         $669,606
 t
 a
 l
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The national average funding amount for low-income units in fiscal
year 1996 was $2,440 per unit.  We increase this amount by 5.3
percent for inflation and by 14 percent for operating costs above the
national average, and consider that the entity operates 150
low-income units.  Given these assumptions, our hypothetical housing
entity would receive a grant amount of $439,354 for low-income units. 
Similar calculations for Section 8 units and for Turnkey III and
Mutual Help units yield grant amounts of $217,576 and $12,676,
respectively.  Adding these three figures together yields a total
operating housing grant amount of $669,606. 

In calculating funding for modernizing housing, HUD bases the average
1996 funding amount on the number of low-income and Turnkey III and
Mutual Help units.  Section 8 units are excluded in this calculation. 
The national average funding amount for modernizing housing units in
fiscal year 1996 was $1,974 per unit.  The block grant uses the same
inflation adjustment factor for both operating and modernizing
housing.  Consequently, we assume a 5.3-percent inflation adjustment
for this calculation.  Under the block grant, the geographic cost
factor for modernizing housing differs from that used for operating
housing.  In our sample calculation, we assume that the entity's
geographic cost factor is 2 percent below the national average.  The
resulting grant calculation for modernizing housing is shown in table
II.2. 



                                     Table II.2
                      
                      Hypothetical Sample Calculation of Block
                       Grant Funding for Modernizing Housing

     Fiscal
       year
Ho     1996
us  average          Inflatio          Geograph
in  funding                 n           ic cost
g    amount          adjustme          adjustme
ty      per                nt                nt            Number           Funding
pe     unit            factor            factor          of units            amount
--  -------  ------  --------  ------  --------  ------  --------  ------  --------
Lo   $1,974       x     1.053       x      0.98       x       150       =  $305,557
 w-
 i
 n
 c
 o
 m
 e
Tu   $1,974       x     1.053       x      0.98       x        20       =    40,741
 r
 n
 k
 e
 y
 I
 I
 I
 a
 n
 d
 M
 u
 t
 u
 a
 l
 H
 e
 l
 p
===================================================================================
To                                                                         $346,298
 t
 a
 l
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We increase the fiscal year 1996 modernizing funding amount by 5.3
percent for inflation, reduce it by 2 percent for below average
costs, and consider the 170 housing units the entity operates (150
low-income units and 20 Turnkey III and Mutual Help units).  These
calculations result in a modernizing grant amount of $346,298. 
Adding this amount to the $669,606 the entity receives for operating
housing results in a total grant of $1,015,904 for operating and
modernizing housing. 


   DATA SOURCES HUD USED IN
   CALCULATING OPERATING AND
   MODERNIZING FUNDING
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix II:3

For fiscal year 1998, HUD derived the number of housing units and
areas served from reports submitted by Indian housing authorities or
tribes.  The numbers reported were confirmed by the Department.  HUD
adjusted costs for inflation using the housing cost component of the
Consumer Price Index, published annually by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.  HUD adjusted for geographic differences in the cost of
operating housing (for example, the costs of maintenance and tenant
services) using the larger of the entity's historical Allowable
Expense Levels for calculating operating subsidies under the Public
Housing Program (prior to October 1, 1997) or the private sector
housing Fair Market Rents, data collected and published annually by
HUD.  Fair Market Rents represent the rental cost of private sector
housing units and reflect geographic differences in rental housing
supply and demand in local U.S.  housing markets. 

HUD based the geographic cost factor used to calculate funding for
modernizing housing on the cost of building a standard housing unit
of moderate design in various geographic locations.  Given moderate
housing design specifications, HUD calculates the labor, materials,
and other costs required to construct such a unit in various
locations.  These amounts are based on cost surveys conducted by
private firms.  Thus, the geographic cost factor reflects labor,
materials, and other costs in the housing construction industry. 


   HOW FUNDING FOR NEED FOR
   ADDITIONAL HOUSING IS
   CALCULATED
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix II:4

Once funding for operating and modernizing housing is determined for
each entity, HUD totals the funding amounts and deducts the amounts
from available appropriations.  This calculation results in the
amount of funding available to all housing entities to address the
need to provide affordable housing activities.  The formula for the
need for housing activities allocates available funding among
entities based on their proportionate share of seven weighted factors
and the cost of building a standard housing unit of moderate design
in various geographic locations.  The geographic cost adjustment
factor is the same as or similar to that used in the formula to
calculate funding for modernizing housing.\2 Figure II.2 shows the
formula for calculating funding for the need for housing activities. 

   Figure II.2:  Formula for
   Calculating Funding for Need
   for Housing Activities

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)


--------------------
\2 The cost adjustment factor is the ratio of an entity's total
development cost (TDC) to the average TDC of all entities included in
the calculation.  Because some of the entities do not receive funding
under the modernization component of the formula, the average TDC for
modernization funding may differ from the average TDC under this
component of the formula. 


   SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR NEED FOR
   HOUSING ACTIVITIES
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix II:5

The formula for calculating funding for the need to provide
affordable housing activities uses various weighted need factors. 
The factors capture the portions of the national population that fall
into seven categories and are American Indians or Alaska Natives
living in areas where a tribe has jurisdiction or has provided
substantial housing services.  These categories include the Native
American population, low-income households, households with housing
cost exceeding half their income, low-income households in need of
housing, and households living in overcrowded conditions or without
kitchen or plumbing facilities.  Table II.3 shows each factor and its
associated weight.  HUD multiplies each housing entity's share of
each factor by the factor's assigned weight and adds the total for
all factors to produce the entity's weighted share for the seven need
factors. 



                                              Table II.3
                               
                                 Hypothetical Sample Calculation of a
                               Housing Entity's Weighted Share of Seven
                                             Need Factors

                                                                      Hypothetical
                                                                  housing entity's    Weighted share
                 Need factors                             Weight   share of factor       of factor\a
---------------  -----------------------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
1                Population (American Indians               0.11            0.0050          0.000550
                  and Alaska Natives)
2                Households that are in                     0.25            0.0055          0.001375
                  overcrowded units or lacking
                  plumbing or kitchen
                  facilities
3                Households with housing costs              0.22            0.0060          0.001320
                  that exceed 50 percent of
                  income
4                Number of low-income                       0.15            0.0075          0.001125
                  households in excess of
                  available housing
5                Low-income households                      0.07            0.0070          0.000490
6                Very-low-income households                 0.07            0.0055          0.000385
7                Extremely-low-income                       0.13            0.0075          0.000975
                  households
====================================================================================================
Total                                                                                        0.00622
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a The "weighted share of the factor" is calculated by multiplying
"weight" by the "hypothetical housing entity's share of the factor."

The third column of table II.3 shows the weight for each of the seven
need factors.  For example, in our sample calculation, we assume that
a housing entity's jurisdiction covers, or that the entity has
provided, substantial housing services to one-half of 1 percent of
the total American Indian and Alaska Native population (see factor 1
in the table).  This factor receives a weight of 11 percent in the
formula.  Multiplying the entity's share of the American Indian and
Alaska Native population by the factor's weight produces the entity's
weighted share for the factor.  To produce the entity's weighted
share of the seven factors, we make similar computations for each
factor and add the entity's weighted shares together. 

HUD uses the formula shown in figure II.3 to calculate an entity's
funding for the need to provide affordable housing activities.  To
illustrate, we assume that $100 million of the program's total
appropriation remains after the operating and modernizing grants have
been allocated.  We use the weighted share of the seven need factors
as calculated in table II.3, 0.00622.  We also assume that the
entity's geographic cost factor is 2 percent below the national
average.  Multiplying these amounts results in a grant calculation of
$609,560 for need for housing activities. 

   Figure II.3:  Hypothetical
   Sample Calculation of Funding
   for Need for Housing Activities

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

After calculating funding for operating and modernizing housing and
for the need for housing activities, HUD combines the amounts into a
single block grant.  The total grant amount of our hypothetical
sample calculation is $1,267,736. 


   DATA SOURCES USED IN
   CALCULATING FUNDING FOR THE
   NEED FOR HOUSING ACTIVITIES
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix II:6

For fiscal year 1998, HUD used the same geographic cost factor to
calculate funding for the need to provide affordable housing
activities as it did for modernizing existing housing.  HUD obtained
data for each of the seven need factors from the 1990 U.S.  Census,
which HUD updated to reflect current conditions.  Housing entities
can challenge the Census data by conducting their own surveys subject
to HUD guidelines and by submitting the data to HUD for use in
calculating grant amounts for need for housing activities. 


   NAHASDA REGULATIONS PROVIDE
   MINIMUM FUNDING GUARANTEES
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix II:7

The NAHASDA regulations establish two kinds of minimum funding levels
for housing entities.  Consequently, when HUD calculates funding
amounts that are below the legislated minimums, housing entities are
given additional funds.  The first minimum funding level guarantees
every entity an allocation that at least equals its fiscal year 1996
funding for operating and modernizing housing.  The second minimum
funding level guarantees every housing entity an allocation of at
least $50,000 for funding the need for affordable housing activities. 
In subsequent years, HUD will reduce the second minimum funding
guarantee to $25,000, and in fiscal year 2002, it will be eliminated. 


UNSPENT INDIAN HOUSING FUNDING,
1980-97
========================================================= Appendix III



                                       Table III.1
                         
                         Total Amounts of Unspent Indian Housing
                                   Funding By Programs

            1980-
Program      1989    1990    1991    1992    1993    1994    1995    1996    1997   Total
---------  ------  ------  ------  ------  ------  ------  ------  ------  ------  ------
Developme    $4.1    $1.1    $5.6    $5.5   $24.6   $67.5  $119.2  $129.9  $170.1  $527.6
 nt                                                                                    \a
Moderniza     0.2     0.0     0.2     1.3     7.5    11.4    34.6    75.7   187.4   318.2
 tion
HOME          0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     1.5     3.8     6.4     9.7    17.5    38.9
Section 8     5.9     0.7     0.4     0.2     2.5     4.3     0.3     2.6     0.2    17.2
Operating     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.2     0.3     0.3    11.2    12.0
 Subsidy
Drug          0.0     0.0     0.2     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.5     3.0     5.0     8.8
 Eliminat
 ion
Economic      0.0     0.0     0.0     0.1     0.0     0.0     0.0     3.0     0.4     3.5
 Developm
 ent
Emergency     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.1     0.1     0.8     1.0
 Shelter
 Grants
Family        0.0     0.0     0.0     0.9     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.9
 Self-
 Sufficie
 ncy
HOPE 1        0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.7     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.7
Miscellan     0.0     0.2     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.2
 eous
Youth         0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.1     0.1     0.0     0.0     0.2
 Sports
=========================================================================================
Total       $10.3    $2.1    $6.4    $7.9   $36.1   $88.0  $161.6  $224.2  $392.6  $929.2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

\a Total includes $7,031 in unspent Development funds awarded in
fiscal year 1971 to the Navajo Housing Authority. 

Source:  GAO analysis based on data from HUD's Program Accounting
System. 




                                                                     Table III.2
                                                       
                                                        Indian Housing Authorities and Tribes
                                                         With More Than $10 Million in Total
                                                            Unspent Indian Housing Funding

Indian
housing
authority/
tribe and
programs         1980-1989            1990            1991        1992        1993        1994        1995          1996          1997          Total
----------  --------------  --------------  --------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ------------  ------------  -------------
Navajo Housing Authority, Arizona
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Developmen         $42,940              $0              $0  $2,437,015    $810,429  $10,903,28  $31,567,57   $16,354,860            $0  $62,123,133\a
 t                                                                                           6           3
Modernizat               0               0           7,921           0     362,143     357,391   1,703,830     3,278,125    12,325,219     18,034,629
 ion
Operating                0               0               0           0           0           0           0        14,869     4,090,503      4,105,372
 Subsidy
Drug                     0               0               0           0           0       1,421      92,449             0             0         93,870
 Eliminati
 on
Youth                    0               0               0           0           0       8,100         175             0             0          8,275
 Sports
Tenant                   0               0               0           0           0           0           0             0             0              0
 Opportuni
 ty
Section 8                0         724,500         167,009           0      18,185     267,527           0             0             0      1,177,221
Subtotal            42,940         724,500         174,930   2,437,015   1,190,756  11,537,725  33,364,027    19,647,854    16,415,722     85,542,500

Choctaw Nation Housing Authority, Oklahoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Developmen          21,700               0               0           0     379,473     201,360   7,494,496    11,508,137             0     19,605,166
 t
Modernizat               0               0               0           0           0           0     554,830     2,621,880     2,901,711      6,078,421
 ion
Drug                     0               0               0           0           0           0           0       183,063       421,147        604,210
 Eliminati
 on
Section 8          320,142               0          11,458      63,291      17,174     552,534           0             0             0        964,599
Subtotal           341,842               0          11,458      63,291     396,647     753,894   8,049,326    14,313,080     3,322,858     27,252,396

Association of Village Council Presidents Housing Authority, Alaska
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Developmen         124,283         175,939          36,075      11,301      81,280     330,165           0    10,846,071     3,702,767     15,307,882
 t
Modernizat               0               0               0           0           0           0           0       187,825     2,645,934      2,833,759
 ion
Operating                0               0               0           0           0           0           0             0       248,483        248,483
 Subsidy
Subtotal           124,283         175,939          36,075      11,301      81,280     330,165           0    11,033,896     6,597,184     18,390,124

Cherokee Nation Housing Authority, Oklahoma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Developmen         168,871          13,353           4,700      39,747           0   3,298,263           0     1,340,364     4,415,000      9,280,299
 t
Modernizat               0               0               0           0           0           0           0             0     2,505,038      2,505,038
 ion
Drug                     0               0               0           0           0           0           0       141,792       695,205        836,997
 Eliminati
 on
Economic                 0               0               0           0           0           0           0       980,692             0        980,692
 Developme
 nt
Section 8        2,241,769               0               0      22,213     288,499     812,343      58,970       742,467       200,709      4,366,970
Subtotal         2,410,640          13,353           4,700      61,960     288,499   4,110,606      58,970     3,205,315     7,815,952     17,969,996

Tagiugmiullu Nunamiullu Housing Authority, Alaska
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Developmen          15,000               0               0           0           0   2,825,756   3,923,608             0     3,392,144     10,156,509
 t
Modernizat               0               0               0           0           0           0   1,219,006     1,384,864     1,517,217      4,121,086
 ion
Operating                0               0               0           0           0           0           0        78,280         8,779         87,059
 Subsidy
Subtotal            15,000               0               0           0           0   2,825,756   5,142,614     1,463,144     4,918,140     14,364,654

Tohono O'odham Housing Authority, Arizona
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Developmen         108,827               0               1           0   2,007,701           0           0        86,000             0      2,202,528
 t
Modernizat         144,465               0               0      52,042   1,913,765   2,040,680   2,980,294     2,392,303     2,261,424     11,784,973
 ion
Operating                0               0               0           0           0           0           0             0         9,110          9,110
 Subsidy
Subtotal           253,292               0               1      52,042   3,921,466   2,040,680   2,980,294     2,478,303     2,270,534     13,996,611

Standing Rock Housing Authority, South Dakota
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Developmen               0               0               0           0      13,850   5,227,542   5,919,606             0             0     11,160,998
 t
Modernizat               0               0               0           0           0           0           0             0     2,392,389      2,392,389
 ion
Operating                0               0               0           0           0           0           0             0        58,376         58,376
 Subsidy
Subtotal                 0               0               0           0      13,850   5,227,542   5,919,606             0     2,450,765     13,611,763

Northern Circle Housing Authority, California
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Developmen          71,215               0               0      18,200   2,708,151   4,968,066           0       249,314     4,050,288     12,065,234
 t
Modernizat               0               0               0           0           0           0           0           968       755,392        756,360
 ion
Operating                0               0               0           0           0           0           0             0       229,715        229,715
 Subsidy
Drug                     0               0               0           0           0           0           0        55,973        86,143        142,116
 Eliminati
 on
Subtotal            71,215               0               0      18,200   2,708,151   4,968,066           0       306,255     5,121,538     13,193,425

Bering Straits Regional Housing Authority, Alaska
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Developmen          16,314               0               0           0           0   1,500,000   1,011,663     5,631,099     3,776,247     11,935,322
 t
Modernizat               0               0               0           0           0           0           0       469,563       703,974      1,173,537
 ion
Subtotal            16,314               0               0           0           0   1,500,000   1,011,663     6,100,662     4,480,221     13,108,859

Navajo Nation of Arizona, New Mexico and Utah
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Modernizat               0               0               0       9,533       4,354      93,561     941,979     4,947,668     4,834,399     10,831,494
 ion
HOME                     0               0               0           0     663,066   1,202,000           0             0             0      1,865,066
Subtotal                 0               0               0       9,533     667,420   1,295,561     941,979     4,947,668     4,834,399     12,696,560

Yurok Housing Authority, California
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Developmen               0               0               0           0           0           0           0     2,144,820    10,546,517     12,691,336
 t
Subtotal                 0               0               0           0           0           0           0     2,144,820    10,546,517     12,691,336

Karuk Tribe Housing Authority, California
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Developmen               0               0               0           0           0           0           0     4,730,539     7,085,126     11,815,665
 t
Modernizat               0               0               0           0           0           0           0       142,227       586,307        728,534
 ion
Operating                0               0               0           0           0           0           0             0        14,145         14,145
 Subsidy
Drug                     0               0               0           0           6           0           0             0             0              6
 Eliminati
 on
Economic                 0               0               0      25,356           0           0           0             0             0         25,356
 Developme
 nt
Section 8                0               0               0           0           0           0           0             0         7,721          7,721
Subtotal                 0               0               0      25,356           6           0           0     4,872,765     7,693,298     12,591,426

Pueblo of Acoma Housing Authority, New Mexico
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Developmen               0               0               0           0     993,400   1,519,818     200,000       905,420     5,098,135      8,716,774
 t
Modernizat               0               0               0      50,086     348,541     477,990     402,653       326,841       318,358      1,924,470
 ion
Operating                0               0               0           0           0           0           0             0        42,569         42,569
 Subsidy
Drug                     0               0               0           0           0           0     236,615             0        50,000        286,615
 Eliminati
 on
Subtotal                 0               0               0      50,086   1,341,942   1,997,809     839,268     1,232,261     5,509,062     10,970,428

Owens Valley Housing Authority, California
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Developmen               0               0               0           0   2,983,136           0           0             0     5,839,637      8,822,772
 t
Modernizat               0               0               0           0           0           0           0       622,503     1,041,869      1,664,372
 ion
Operating                0               0               0           0           0           0           0             0       145,836        145,836
 Subsidy
Economic                 0               0               0           0           0           0           0             0        77,500         77,500
 Developme
 nt
Youth                    0               0               0           0           0           0      17,927             0             0         17,927
 Sports
Subtotal                 0               0               0           0   2,983,136           0      17,927       622,503     7,104,842     10,728,408

Qualla Housing Authority, North Carolina
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Developmen         175,112               0               0           0   1,355,221   2,197,382   2,360,665       427,135             0      6,515,515
 t
Modernizat               0               0               0           0           0           0     663,698       830,823     1,290,980      2,785,501
 ion
Operating                0               0               0           0           0           0           0             0       171,720        171,720
 Subsidy
Drug                     0               0               0           0           0           0           0       132,634       248,155        380,789
 Eliminati
 on
Section 8                0               0               0           0     296,414      54,650           0             0             0        351,064
Subtotal           175,112               0               0           0   1,651,635   2,252,032   3,024,363     1,390,592     1,710,855     10,204,589
=====================================================================================================================================================
Total           $3,450,638        $913,792        $227,164  $2,728,785  $15,244,78  $38,839,83  $61,350,03   $73,759,119   $90,791,886   $287,313,075
                                                                                 7           8           6
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Navajo Housing Authority has $7,031 in unspent development funds
awarded in fiscal year 1971 that are not shown, but are included in
the total. 

Source:  GAO analysis based on data from HUD's Program Accounting
System. 


HUD'S FISCAL YEAR 1998 INDIAN
HOUSING BLOCK GRANT AMOUNTS
CALCULATED FOR 575 HOUSING
ENTITIES
========================================================== Appendix IV

                                        Operating and
HUD office/        Fiscal year 1996       modernizing  Need for housing
housing entity           adjustment  existing housing        activities             Total
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Alaska Office of Native American Programs (Anchorage, Alaska)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Afognak                          $0                $0           $50,000           $50,000
Ahtna Native                      0           803,320           104,883           908,203
 Regional Corp.
Akhiok                            0                 0            50,000            50,000
Akiachak                          0                 0           392,103           392,103
Akiak                             0                 0           240,007           240,007
Akutan                            0                 0            50,000            50,000
Alakanuk                          0                 0           436,112           436,112
Alatna                            0                 0            52,228            52,228
Aleknagik                         0                 0           134,086           134,086
Aleutian Regional                 0         1,966,036            80,712         2,046,748
 Corp.
Algaaciq (St.                     0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Mary's)
Allakaket                         0                 0           171,276           171,276
Ambler                            0                 0           217,492           217,492
Anaktuvuk Pass                    0                 0           179,863           179,863
Andreafski                        0                 0           303,000           303,000
Angoon                            0                 0           253,364           253,364
Aniak                             0                 0           244,719           244,719
Annette Island                    0           952,646           450,718         1,403,364
 (Metlakakla)
Anvik                             0                 0           111,538           111,538
Arctic Slope                      0         2,671,001           326,417         2,997,418
 Native Regional
 Corp.
Arctic Village                    0                 0           159,331           159,331
Atka                              0                 0            50,000            50,000
Atmautluak                        0                 0           218,690           218,690
Atqasuk                           0                 0           125,127           125,127
 (Atkasook)
Baranof Island                    0           570,247           976,513         1,546,760
 Regional Corp.
Barrow                            0                 0         1,038,462         1,038,462
Beaver                            0                 0           122,147           122,147
Belkofski                         0                 0            50,000            50,000
Bering Straits                    0         2,749,747            50,000         2,799,747
 Native Regional
 Corp.
Bill Moore's                      0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Slough
Birch Creek                       0                 0            94,148            94,148
Brevig Mission                    0                 0           199,917           199,917
Bristol Bay                       0         2,086,968            50,000         2,136,968
 Native Regional
 Corp.
Buckland                          0                 0           266,237           266,237
Calista Native                    0         6,826,319            70,170         6,896,489
 Regional Corp.
Cantwell                          0                 0            50,000            50,000
Chalkyitsik                       0                 0            91,284            91,284
Chanega                           0                 0            50,000            50,000
Chefornak                         0                 0           255,813           255,813
Chevak                            0                 0           576,265           576,265
Chickaloon                        0                 0            50,000            50,000
Chignik                           0                 0            50,000            50,000
Chignik Lagoon                    0                 0            50,000            50,000
Chignik Lake                      0                 0            94,891            94,891
Chilkat                           0                 0            62,415            62,415
Chilkoot                          0                 0            97,185            97,185
Chistochina                       0                 0            50,000            50,000
Chitina                           0                 0            50,000            50,000
Chuatbaluk                        0                 0            55,474            55,474
Chugach Native                    0         1,181,842           336,987         1,518,829
 Regional Corp.
Chuloonawick                      0                 0            50,000            50,000
Circle                            0                 0            50,000            50,000
Clark's Point                     0                 0            65,731            65,731
Cook Inlet Native                 0         3,646,373         7,759,824        11,406,197
 Regional Corp.
Council                           0                 0            50,000            50,000
Craig                             0                 0            90,156            90,156
Crooked Creek                     0                 0            90,901            90,901
Curyung                           0                 0           707,840           707,840
Deering                           0                 0           191,512           191,512
Dot Lake                          0                 0            50,000            50,000
Douglas                           0                 0           147,173           147,173
Doyon Native                      0         2,361,527         5,239,663         7,601,190
 Regional Corp.
Eagle                             0                 0            78,570            78,570
Eek                               0                 0           225,215           225,215
Egegik                            0                 0           115,561           115,561
Eklutna                           0                 0            61,916            61,916
Ekuk                              0                 0            50,000            50,000
Ekwok                             0                 0            87,261            87,261
Elim                              0                 0           252,959           252,959
Emmonak                           0                 0           403,597           403,597
Evansville                        0                 0            50,000            50,000
 (Bettles Field)
Eyak                              0                 0            50,000            50,000
False Pass                        0                 0            50,000            50,000
Fort Yukon                        0                 0           514,380           514,380
Gakona                            0                 0            50,000            50,000
Galena                            0                 0           339,596           339,596
Gambell                           0                 0           543,066           543,066
Georgetown                        0                 0            50,000            50,000
Golovin (Chinik)                  0                 0           153,792           153,792
Goodnews Bay                      0                 0           252,834           252,834
Grayling                          0                 0           116,642           116,642
Gulkana                           0                 0            63,562            63,562
Hamilton                          0                 0            50,000            50,000
Healy Lake                        0                 0            61,849            61,849
Holy Cross                        0                 0           297,856           297,856
Hoonah                            0                 0           133,071           133,071
Hooper Bay                        0                 0           765,920           765,920
Hughes                            0                 0            76,282            76,282
Huslia                            0                 0           261,512           261,512
Hydaburg                          0                 0           198,439           198,439
Igiugig                           0                 0            50,000            50,000
Iliamna                           0                 0            50,000            50,000
Inalik (Diomede)                  0                 0           157,855           157,855
Ivanoff Bay                       0                 0            50,000            50,000
Kaguyak                           0                 0            50,000            50,000
Kake                              0                 0           132,523           132,523
Kaktovik (Barter                  0                 0           186,168           186,168
 Island)
Kalskag                           0                 0           132,062           132,062
Kaltag                            0                 0           206,411           206,411
Kanatak                           0                 0            50,000            50,000
Karluk                            0                 0            50,000            50,000
Kasigluk                          0                 0           309,048           309,048
Kassan                            0                 0            50,000            50,000
Kenaitze                          0                 0           334,880           334,880
Ketchikan                         0                 0           923,481           923,481
Kiana                             0                 0           234,102           234,102
King Cove                         0                 0            52,770            52,770
King Island                       0                 0           214,196           214,196
Kipnuk                            0                 0           541,053           541,053
Kivalina                          0                 0           231,362           231,362
Klawock                           0                 0           162,059           162,059
Kluti Kaah                        0                 0            90,469            90,469
 (Copper Center)
Knik                              0                 0            50,000            50,000
Kobuk                             0                 0            57,326            57,326
Kokhanok                          0                 0           163,599           163,599
Koliganek                         0                 0           181,733           181,733
Kongiganak                        0                 0           205,451           205,451
Koniag Native                     0         2,390,598           593,589         2,984,187
 Regional Corp.
Kotlik                            0                 0           377,963           377,963
Kotzebue                          0                 0         1,312,189         1,312,189
Koyuk                             0                 0           191,897           191,897
Koyukuk                           0                 0           116,435           116,435
Kwethluk                          0                 0           497,032           497,032
Kwigillingok                      0                 0           287,415           287,415
Kwinhagak                         0                 0           496,365           496,365
 (Quinhagak)
Larsen Bay                        0                 0            50,000            50,000
Lesnoi (Woody                     0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Island)
Levelock                          0                 0           116,593           116,593
Lime                              0                 0            62,596            62,596
Lower Kalskag                     0                 0           284,520           284,520
Manley Hot                        0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Springs
Manokotak                         0                 0           250,856           250,856
Marshall                          0                 0           187,278           187,278
Mary's Igloo                      0                 0            50,000            50,000
McGrath                           0                 0           156,342           156,342
Mekoryuk                          0                 0           242,902           242,902
Mentasta                          0                 0            77,564            77,564
Minto                             0                 0           163,309           163,309
Mountain Village                  0                 0           372,881           372,881
Naknek                            0                 0            96,531            96,531
NANA Native                       0         3,025,334           115,444         3,140,778
 Regional Corp.
Nanwelek (English                 0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Bay)
Napaimute                         0                 0            50,000            50,000
Napakiak                          0                 0           268,381           268,381
Napaskiak                         0                 0           310,296           310,296
Nelson Lagoon                     0                 0            57,875            57,875
Nenana                            0                 0            88,255            88,255
New Stuyahok                      0                 0           302,444           302,444
Newhalen                          0                 0           112,322           112,322
Newtok                            0                 0           191,503           191,503
Nightmute                         0                 0           106,423           106,423
Nikolai                           0                 0           132,524           132,524
Nikolski                          0                 0            50,000            50,000
Ninilchik                         0                 0           115,135           115,135
Noatuk                            0                 0           231,478           231,478
Nome                              0                 0         1,027,192         1,027,192
Nondalton                         0                 0           137,485           137,485
Noorvik                           0                 0           302,902           302,902
Northway                          0                 0           114,732           114,732
Nuiqsut                           0                 0           233,455           233,455
Nulato                            0                 0           288,280           288,280
Nunapitchuk                       0                 0           313,630           313,630
Ohogamiut                         0                 0            50,000            50,000
Old Harbor                        0                 0           121,103           121,103
Orutsararmuit                     0                 0         1,993,850         1,993,850
 (Bethel)
Oscarville                        0                 0            50,000            50,000
Ouzinkie                          0                 0            56,554            56,554
Paimiut                           0                 0            50,000            50,000
Pauloff Village                   0                 0            50,000            50,000
Pedro Bay                         0                 0            50,000            50,000
Perryville                        0                 0            91,868            91,868
Petersburg                        0                 0           182,169           182,169
Pilot Point                       0                 0            50,000            50,000
Pilot Station                     0                 0           355,408           355,408
Pitka's Point                     0                 0           144,982           144,982
Platinum                          0                 0           102,978           102,978
Point Hope                        0                 0           396,766           396,766
Point Lay                         0                 0           115,842           115,842
Port Graham                       0                 0            50,000            50,000
Port Heiden                       0                 0            50,000            50,000
Port Lions                        0                 0            50,373            50,373
Portage Creek                     0                 0            50,000            50,000
Qagan Tayagungin                  0                 0           124,429           124,429
 (Sand Point)
Qawalangin                        0                 0            66,058            66,058
 (Unalaska)
Rampart                           0                 0            99,098            99,098
Red Devil                         0                 0            50,000            50,000
Ruby                              0                 0           119,407           119,407
Russian Mission                   0                 0           179,207           179,207
 (Yukon)
Saint George                      0                 0            66,482            66,482
Saint Michael                     0                 0           223,716           223,716
Saint Paul                        0                 0           138,218           138,218
Salamatoff                        0                 0            70,392            70,392
Savoonga                          0                 0           544,306           544,306
Saxman                            0                 0            82,922            82,922
Scammon Bay                       0                 0           289,347           289,347
Selawik                           0                 0           435,627           435,627
Seldovia                          0                 0            50,000            50,000
Shageluk                          0                 0           149,918           149,918
Shaktoolik                        0                 0           103,670           103,670
Sheldon's Point                   0                 0            91,020            91,020
Shishmaref                        0                 0           404,060           404,060
Shungnak                          0                 0           152,185           152,185
Skagway                           0                 0            50,000            50,000
Sleetmute                         0                 0           125,691           125,691
Solomon                           0                 0            50,000            50,000
South Naknek                      0                 0            69,225            69,225
Stebbins                          0                 0           326,636           326,636
Stevens                           0                 0           139,449           139,449
Stoney River                      0                 0            99,421            99,421
Takotna                           0                 0            50,000            50,000
Tanacross                         0                 0            89,899            89,899
Tanana                            0                 0           310,339           310,339
Tatitlek                          0                 0            50,000            50,000
Tazlina                           0                 0            50,000            50,000
Telida                            0                 0            50,000            50,000
Teller                            0                 0           140,387           140,387
Tetlin                            0                 0            73,155            73,155
Tlingit and Haida                 0         3,462,463         1,916,883         5,379,346
Togiak                            0                 0           493,467           493,467
Toksook Bay                       0                 0           250,764           250,764
Tuluksak                          0                 0           267,715           267,715
Tuntutuliak                       0                 0           275,263           275,263
Tununak                           0                 0           244,420           244,420
Twin Hills                        0                 0            63,542            63,542
Tyonek                            0                 0           129,135           129,135
Ugashik                           0                 0            50,000            50,000
Umkumiute                         0                 0            50,000            50,000
Unalakleet                        0                 0           365,712           365,712
Unga                              0                 0            50,000            50,000
Venetie                           0                 0           182,508           182,508
Wainwright                        0                 0           379,830           379,830
Wales                             0                 0           144,596           144,596
White Mountain                    0                 0           161,602           161,602
Wrangell                          0                 0           272,929           272,929
Yakutat                           0                 0            97,820            97,820

Eastern/Woodlands Office of Native American Programs (Chicago, Illinois)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aroostook Band of                 0                 0           264,338           264,338
 Micmac
Bad River Band                    0           726,554           579,538         1,306,092
Bay Mills Indian                  0           316,043           130,764           446,807
 Community
Boise Forte Band            625,857           313,223            90,881         1,029,961
 of Minnesota
 Chippewa
Catawba Indian                    0                 0         1,323,851         1,323,851
 Tribe
Cayuga Nation                     0                 0           543,690           543,690
Coharie State                     0            70,254           489,028           559,282
 Tribe
Eastern Cherokee                  0         2,173,643         1,089,423         3,263,066
Fond Du Lac Band                  0         1,200,008         2,074,560         3,274,568
 of Minnesota
 Chippewa
Forest County                     0           148,893           207,892           356,785
 Potawatami
Grand Portage                     0           125,500            82,731           208,231
 Band of
 Minnesota
 Chippewa
Grand Traverse                    0           236,939         1,010,483         1,247,422
 Band
Haliwa-Saponi                     0           105,314           884,029           989,343
 State Tribe
Hannahville                       0            56,836            50,603           107,439
 Community
Ho-Chunk Nation                   0           624,834         2,310,667         2,935,501
Houlton Band of                   0           338,629           107,103           445,732
 Maliseets
Huron Band of                     0                 0           431,007           431,007
 Potawatomi
Keweenaw Bay                      0           978,791           348,223         1,327,014
 Indian Community
Lac Courte                        0         1,475,457           522,808         1,998,265
 Oreilles
Lac Du Flambeau                   0           981,921           449,818         1,431,739
 Band
Lac Vieux Desert                  0           148,964            62,575           211,539
 Band
Leech Lake Band                   0         1,519,852         1,304,247         2,824,099
 of Minnesota
 Chippewa
Little River Band                 0                 0           355,600           355,600
 of Ottawa
Little Traverse                   0                 0           277,884           277,884
 Bay Band
Lower Sioux                       0           126,005            88,530           214,535
Lumbee State                      0           716,137         7,126,642         7,842,779
 Tribe
Menominee Indian                  0         1,630,182           953,927         2,584,109
 Tribe
Miccosukee Tribe                  0                 0            50,000            50,000
Mille Lacs Band                   0           360,022           662,002         1,022,024
 of Minnesota
 Chippewa
Mississippi                       0         1,922,246         1,144,205         3,066,451
 Choctaw Tribe
Mohegan Tribe of                  0                 0           168,511           168,511
 Connecticut
MOWA Band of                      0           158,459           389,128           547,587
 Choctaw Indians
Narragansett                      0                 0           523,937           523,937
 Tribe
Oneida Nation of                  0           134,878           979,796         1,114,674
 New York
Oneida Tribe                      0         1,117,427         2,415,422         3,532,849
Onondaga Nation                   0                 0            50,000            50,000
Passamaquody                      0           547,350           121,229           668,579
 Indian Tribe
Penobscot Tribe                   0           390,908           132,281           523,189
Pleasant Point                    0           453,476           195,656           649,132
Poarch Band of                    0           375,158         1,223,463         1,598,621
 Creek Indians
Pokagon Band of                   0                 0         1,973,548         1,973,548
 Potawatomi
Prairie Island                    0           103,987            50,000           153,987
 Sioux
Red Cliff Band of                 0           469,707           272,025           741,732
 Lake Superior
 Chippewa
Red Lake Band of                  0         1,662,624         1,314,276         2,976,900
 Chippewa
Sac and Fox Tribe                 0            74,181           185,410           259,591
Saginaw Chippewa                  0           332,641         1,287,825         1,620,466
Saint Croix                       0           757,761           141,318           899,079
 Chippewa
Sault Ste. Marie                  0         1,493,551         2,516,092         4,009,643
 Tribe
Seminole Tribe                    0         1,322,247         1,627,943         2,950,190
Seneca Nation of                  0         1,215,173         1,169,714         2,384,887
 New York
Shakopee Sioux                    0                 0            50,000            50,000
Sokagoan Chippewa                 0           484,856           158,382           643,238
 Tribe
St. Regis Mohawk                  0           775,161           631,876         1,407,037
 Tribe
Stockbridge-                      0           266,025           141,696           407,721
 Munsee Tribe
Tonawanda Band of                 0                 0           264,421           264,421
 Senecas
Tuscarora Nation                  0                 0           223,317           223,317
Upper Sioux                       0                 0           249,304           249,304
 Indian Community
Waccamaw Siouan                   0                 0           348,430           348,430
 State Tribe
Wampanoag Tribe                   0           144,083           182,379           326,462
White Earth Band                  0         1,258,745           976,332         2,235,077
 of Minnesota
 Chippewa

Northern Plains Office of Native American Programs (Denver, Colorado)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Blackfeet Tribe                   0         3,760,421         2,107,010         5,867,431
Cheyenne River                    0         2,881,771         2,116,285         4,998,056
 Sioux
Crow Creek Sioux                  0         1,124,282           352,817         1,477,099
Crow Tribe                        0         1,652,953         1,633,951         3,286,904
Devils Lake Sioux                 0         1,445,814           732,490         2,178,304
Flandreau Santee                  0           264,711            90,065           354,776
 Sioux
Fort Belknap                      0         1,864,031           548,735         2,412,766
 Indian Community
Fort Peck                         0         3,419,483         1,792,834         5,212,317
 Assiniboine and
 Sioux
Ft. Berthold                      0         1,902,952           884,864         2,787,816
 Affiliated
 Tribes
Goshute                           0            53,949            50,000           103,949
 Reservation
Lower Brule Sioux             5,127           780,132           206,277           991,536
Northern Arapahoe                 0           982,183         1,288,173         2,270,356
Northern Cheyenne                 0         2,173,214           896,217         3,069,431
NW Band of                        0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Shoshone Nation
Oglala Sioux of                   0         4,732,611         3,943,170         8,675,781
 Pine Ridge
 Reservation
Omaha Tribe                       0           934,177           500,356         1,434,533
Ponca Tribe of                    0           136,158         1,596,489         1,732,647
 Nebraska
Rocky Boy                         0         1,642,085           426,110         2,068,195
 Chippewa-Cree
Rosebud Sioux                     0         3,563,851         3,081,230         6,645,081
Salish and                        0         2,548,578         1,565,115         4,113,693
 Kootenai Tribes
Santee Sioux                333,771           466,875           149,064           949,710
 Tribe
Shoshone Tribe of                 0           869,076           673,195         1,542,271
 the Wind River
 Reservation
Sisseton-                         0         2,318,758           837,730         3,156,488
 Wahpeton Sioux
Skull Valley Band                 0                 0            50,000            50,000
 of Goshute
Southern Ute                      0           809,464           260,001         1,069,465
 Tribe
Standing Rock                     0         2,596,789         1,449,142         4,045,931
 Sioux
Turtle Mountain                   0         4,760,965         2,026,160         6,787,125
 Band of Chippewa
Uintah and Ouray                  0           803,536           975,740         1,779,276
 Ute Indian Tribe
Ute                               0           838,181           388,172         1,226,353
Ute Mountain                      0           984,885           415,484         1,400,369
 Tribe
Winnebago Tribe                   0           762,672           379,982         1,142,654
Yankton Sioux                     0         1,074,250           660,025         1,734,275

Southern Plains Office of Native American Programs (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Absentee-Shawnee                  0         1,765,008           134,210         1,899,218
Alabama-                          0           214,963           100,511           315,474
 Coushatta
Alabama-                          0                 0            84,176            84,176
 Quassarte Tribal
 Town
Apache Tribe                637,178           194,962           314,672         1,146,812
Caddo Tribe                       0           412,982            50,000           462,982
Cherokee Nation                   0         8,628,145        16,018,567        24,646,712
Cheyenne-Arapaho                  0           503,350         2,067,732         2,571,082
 Tribes
Chickasaw                         0         5,257,562         5,549,223        10,806,785
Chitimacha Tribe                  0           109,524            62,012           171,536
Choctaw Nation                    0         4,138,115         7,471,743        11,609,858
Citizen Band                      0            89,223         1,646,108         1,735,331
 Potawatomi Tribe
Comanche Tribe                    0           668,824         1,558,565         2,227,389
Coushatta Tribe                   0            30,426            50,000            80,426
Delaware Tribe                    0                 0            50,000            50,000
Delaware Tribe of                 0           709,133         1,703,786         2,412,919
 Indians
 (Eastern)
Eastern Shawnee                   0                 0            96,086            96,086
 Tribe
Fort Sill Apache                  0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Tribe
Iowa Tribe of                     0           300,096            50,000           350,096
 Kansas and
 Nebraska
Iowa Tribe of                     0                 0            76,067            76,067
 Oklahoma
Jena Band of                      0                 0            99,773            99,773
 Choctaw
Kaw Tribe                   310,191           201,922           113,729           625,842
Kialegee Tribal                   0                 0            73,245            73,245
 Town
Kickapoo Tribe              297,153           433,949            89,313           820,415
Kickapoo Tribe of                 0                 0           437,546           437,546
 Oklahoma
Kiowa Tribe                       0           284,706         1,583,826         1,868,532
Miami Tribe                       0                 0            70,938            70,938
Modoc Tribe                       0                 0            50,000            50,000
Muskogee (Creek)                  0         4,201,040        12,158,489        16,359,529
 Nation
Osage Tribe                       0           917,972         1,488,541         2,406,513
Otoe-Missouria                    0           280,797           121,234           402,031
 Tribe
Ottawa Tribe                      0                 0            95,055            95,055
Pawnee Tribe                      0           284,894           375,758           660,652
Peoria Tribe                      0         1,003,075            58,050         1,061,125
Ponca Tribe                       0           427,079           577,821         1,004,900
Prairie Band of                   0           236,301           151,569           387,870
 Potawatomi
Quapaw Tribe                      0                 0           196,266           196,266
Sac and Fox of                    0           105,701            50,000           155,701
 Missouri
Sac and Fox Tribe                 0           796,419         1,070,351         1,866,770
Seminole Nation                   0           440,848         1,236,724         1,677,572
Seneca-Cayuga                     0                 0           217,291           217,291
Texas Band of                     0            64,567           689,274           753,841
 Kickapoo Indians
Thlopthlocco                      0                 0           123,553           123,553
 Tribal Town
Tonkawa Tribe                     0           224,380           141,891           366,271
Tunica-Biloxi                     0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Tribe
United Keetoowah                  0                 0           929,417           929,417
Wichita Tribe                     0           110,326            50,000           160,326
Wyandotte                         0                 0           353,544           353,544

Southwest Office of Native American Programs (Phoenix, Arizona)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acoma Pueblo                      0           285,579           763,522         1,049,101
Agua Caliente                     0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Band of Cahuilla
Ak-Chin Papago                    0           150,242           101,494           251,736
Alturas Rancheria                 0                 0            50,000            50,000
Auburn Rancheria                  0                 0           197,234           197,234
Augustine Band of                 0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Cahuilla
Barona Group of                   0           154,276           104,983           259,259
 Capitan Grande
Berry Creek                       0           175,668           289,000           464,668
 Rancheria
Big Lagoon                        0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Rancheria
Big Pine Band                     0           343,929            80,548           424,477
Big Sandy                         0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Rancheria
Big Valley                        0                 0           218,785           218,785
 Rancheria
Blue Lake                         0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Rancheria
Bridgeport Paiute                 0           117,081            50,000           167,081
 Indian Colony
Buena Vista                       0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Rancheria
Cabazon Band                      0                 0            50,000            50,000
Cahuilla Band                     0            36,606            50,000            86,606
Campo Band                  431,811           186,444            50,000           668,255
Cedarville                        0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Rancheria
Chemehuevi                  460,460           352,829            50,000           863,289
Chicken Ranch                     0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Rancheria
Chico Rancheria                   0                 0           306,401           306,401
Cloverdale                        0                 0           242,445           242,445
 Rancheria
Cochiti Pueblo                    0            65,841           269,467           335,308
Cocopah Tribe                     0           322,807           323,278           646,085
Cold Springs                      0           186,803            50,000           236,803
 Rancheria
Colorado River                    0         1,446,442           702,313         2,148,755
 Indian Tribes
Colusa Rancheria                  0                 0            50,000            50,000
Cortina Rancheria                 0                 0           144,210           144,210
Coyote Valley                     0           153,461           131,212           284,673
 Band
Cuyapaipe                         0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Community
Death Valley                      0                 0           156,660           156,660
 Timba-Sha
Dry Creek                         0                 0           391,245           391,245
 Rancheria
Duck Valley                       0           650,883           338,152           989,035
 Shoshone-Paiute
Duckwater                    62,591            68,594            53,928           185,113
 Shoshone
Elk Valley                        0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Rancheria
Ely Shoshone                      0           240,586            50,000           290,586
Enterprise                        0                 0           274,763           274,763
 Rancheria
Fallon Paiute-              217,783           594,969           165,295           978,047
 Shoshone
Fort Bidwell                      0           138,060           154,018           292,078
Fort Independence                 0            35,122            50,000            85,122
Fort McDermitt                    0                 0           201,514           201,514
 Paiute and
 Shoshone
Fort McDowell                     0           153,342           189,358           342,700
 Mohave Apache
Fort Mojave Tribe                 0           776,498           145,786           922,284
Gila River                        0         3,940,269         3,244,244         7,184,513
Greenville                        0                 0           196,031           196,031
 Rancheria
Grindstone                        0           216,048           157,085           373,133
 Rancheria
Guidiville                        0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Rancheria
Havasupai                         0                 0           175,013           175,013
Hoopa Valley                      0           810,806           720,581         1,531,387
Hopi                              0           930,414         2,828,733         3,759,147
Hopland Rancheria                 0           113,239           166,168           279,407
Hualapai                          0         1,114,894           524,196         1,639,090
Inaja Band                        0                 0            50,000            50,000
Ione Band of                      0                 0           122,403           122,403
 Miwok Indians
Isleta Pueblo                     0           217,350           825,957         1,043,307
Jackson Rancheria                 0                 0            50,000            50,000
Jamul Indian                      0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Village
Jemez Pueblo                      0           141,083           568,366           709,449
Jicarilla                         0           763,543           534,913         1,298,456
 Reservation
Kaibab Band of                    0           211,053            50,000           261,053
 Paiute
Karuk                             0           474,020         2,170,879         2,644,899
La Jolla Band                     0           172,440            50,000           222,440
La Posta Band                     0                 0            50,000            50,000
Laguna Pueblo                     0         1,008,627         1,021,323         2,029,950
Las Vegas Colony                  0                 0            50,000            50,000
Laytonville                       0           181,953           162,177           344,130
 Rancheria
Lone Pine Paiute-                 0           159,619            85,931           245,550
 Shoshone
Los Coyotes Band                  0                 0            72,271            72,271
 of Cahuilla
Lovelock Colony                   0            10,636            50,000            60,636
Lytton Rancheria                  0                 0           177,789           177,789
 of California
Manchester Point                  0           249,830           104,160           353,990
 Arena Rancheria
Manzanita Band                    0                 0            50,000            50,000
Mesa Grande Band                  0            79,702            50,000           129,702
Mescalero                   132,463         1,425,890           547,562         2,105,915
 Reservation
Middletown                        0                 0            64,411            64,411
 Rancheria
Moapa Band of                     0           245,643            66,655           312,298
 Paiute
Mooretown                         0           248,218         1,085,410         1,333,628
 Rancheria
Morongo Band of                   0           257,771           201,126           458,897
 Cahuilla
Nambe Pueblo                      0           281,975            87,500           369,475
Navajo Nation                     0        23,234,147        63,527,938        86,762,085
North Fork                        0                 0           259,664           259,664
 Rancheria
Paiute-Shoshone                   0           733,813         1,121,664         1,855,477
 of Bishop Colony
Pajoaque Pueblo                   0           109,489            50,927           160,416
Pala Bank                         0           326,959           165,264           492,223
Pascua Yaqui                      0         2,704,248         7,946,434        10,650,682
 Tribe
Paskenta Band of                  0                 0           193,332           193,332
 Nomlaki Indian
Pauma Band                        0            56,211            56,435           112,646
Payson Tonto                      0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Apache
Pechanga Band                     0                 0           145,415           145,415
Picayune                          0                 0           833,797           833,797
 Rancheria
Picuris Pueblo                    0            61,912            67,889           129,801
Pinoleville                       0                 0           139,794           139,794
 Rancheria
Pit River Tribe                   0                 0            62,315            62,315
Potter Valley                     0                 0           128,782           128,782
 Rancheria
Pyramid Lake                      0           901,434           400,688         1,302,122
 Paiute
Quartz Valley                     0             4,229           199,354           203,583
 Reservation
Quechan Tribe                     0         1,011,817           344,054         1,355,871
Ramona Band                       0                 0            50,000            50,000
Redding Rancheria                 0                 0            50,000            50,000
Redwood Valley                    0           100,139            64,657           164,796
 Rancheria
Reno-Sparks                       0           599,868            57,527           657,395
 Colony
Resighini                         0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Rancheria
Rincon                            0           323,225           198,052           521,277
 Reservation
Robinson                          0           154,294           122,491           276,785
 Rancheria
Rohnerville                       0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Rancheria
Round Valley                      0           443,966         1,643,066         2,087,032
 Reservation
Rumsey Rancheria                  0                 0            50,000            50,000
Salt River Pima-                  0         1,514,638         1,377,274         2,891,912
 Maricopa
San Carlos Apache                 0         3,309,670         2,478,731         5,788,401
San Felipe Pueblo                 0            23,433           477,979           501,412
San Ildefonso                     0           265,690            66,508           332,198
 Pueblo
San Juan Pueblo                   0           283,210           307,397           590,607
San Juan Southern                 0                 0           182,680           182,680
 Paiute Tribe
San Manuel Band                   0                 0            50,000            50,000
San Pasqual Band                  0           216,986           122,210           339,196
San Rosa Band of                  0            14,079            50,000            64,079
 Cahuilla
San Ysabel                        0                 0            60,116            60,116
 Reservation
Sandia Pueblo                     0            83,607           107,283           190,890
Santa Ana Pueblo                  0            51,868           112,718           164,586
Santa Clara                       0           295,798           276,423           572,221
 Pueblo
Santa Rosa                        0           237,471            94,141           331,612
 Rancheria
Santa Ynez Band                   0           279,701            50,000           329,701
 of Chumash
Santo Domingo                     0            33,354           678,007           711,361
 Pueblo
Scotts Valley                     0                 0            98,642            98,642
 (Pomo)
Sheep Rancheria                   0                 0            50,000            50,000
Sherwood Valley                   0           156,775           129,591           286,366
 Rancheria
Shingle Springs                   0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Rancheria
Smith River                       0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Rancheria
Soboba Band                       0           283,137            87,262           370,399
Stewarts Point                    0                 0           176,017           176,017
 Rancheria
Sulphur Bank                      0                 0            88,517            88,517
 Rancheria
Summit Lake                       0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Paiute Tribe
Susanville                   95,530           334,388            74,698           504,616
 Rancheria
Sycuan Band                       0                 0            50,000            50,000
Table Bluff                       0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Rancheria
Table Mountain                    0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Rancheria
Taos Pueblo                       0           364,123           486,178           850,301
Te-Moak                     105,729           975,833           242,558         1,324,120
Tesuque Pueblo                    0            83,542            53,492           137,034
Tohono O'Odham                    0         2,481,134         3,835,927         6,317,061
 Nation
Torres-Martinez                   0           135,409            50,000           185,409
 Band of Cahuilla
Trinidad                          0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Rancheria
Tule River Indian           264,328           182,707           260,736           707,771
 Tribe
Tulomne Rancheria                 0            79,382            50,000           129,382
Twenty Nine Palms                 0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Band
Upper Lake                        0                 0           134,215           134,215
 Rancheria
Utu Utu Gwaiti                    0                 0            50,000            50,000
 Paiute
Viejas Group of                   0           192,992            64,467           257,459
 Capitan Grande
Walker River                 23,381           587,847           199,533           810,761
 Paiute Tribe
Washoe Tribe                      0           851,138           111,905           963,043
White Mountain                    0         3,599,029         3,163,428         6,762,457
 Apache (Fort
 Apache)
Winnemucca Colony                 0                 0            50,000            50,000
Yavapai-Apache                    0           597,104           175,472           772,576
 (Camp Verde)
Yavapai-Prescott                  0                 0            50,000            50,000
Yerington Paiute                  0           221,891           113,008           334,899
 Tribe
Yomba Shoshone                    0           121,153            50,000           171,153
 Tribe
Ysleta Del Sur                    0           246,091           558,411           804,502
Yurok Tribe                       0                 0         1,478,302         1,478,302
Zia Pueblo                        0           106,376           147,181           253,557
Zuni Tribe                        0         1,936,970         1,790,160         3,727,130

Northwest Office of Native American Programs (Seattle, Washington)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Burns-Paiute                      0                 0            76,128            76,128
 Colony
Chehalis                    247,033           293,403           149,093           689,529
 Confederated
 Tribes
Coeur D'Alene                     0           614,492           208,996           823,488
 Tribe
Colville                          0         1,598,879         1,082,444         2,681,323
 Confederated
 Tribes
Coos Bay                          0            25,440           544,206           569,646
 Confederated
 Tribes
Coquille Indian                   0                 0           508,040           508,040
 Tribe
Cow Creek Tribes                  0                 0           656,152           656,152
Fort Hall                         0           814,415           965,985         1,780,400
 Shoshone-
 Bannock
Grand Ronde                       0                 0         3,064,719         3,064,719
 Confederated
 Tribes
Hoh Indian Tribe                  0            51,768            58,640           110,408
Jamestowm Klallam                 0            19,080           415,041           434,121
 Tribe
Kalispel Indian                   0            36,416            50,000            86,416
 Community
Klamath Indian                    0           224,043         2,586,984         2,811,027
 Tribe
Kootenai Tribe                    0            52,947            50,000           102,947
Lower Elwha                       0           285,933           529,004           814,937
 Tribal Community
Lummi Tribe                       0         1,402,610         2,913,937         4,316,547
Makah Indian                      0           775,800           297,959         1,073,759
 Tribe
Muckleshoot                       0           216,848           392,936           609,784
 Indian Tribe
Nez Perce Tribe                   0           813,285           556,788         1,370,073
Nisqually Indian                  0           266,076           425,567           691,642
 Community
Nooksack Tribe              224,848           332,279           128,798           685,925
Port Gamble                  96,271           230,043           102,654           430,968
 Indian Community
Puyallup Tribe                    0           252,604         1,904,125         2,156,729
Quileute Tribe              381,649           146,809           140,865           649,323
Quinault Tribe                    0           419,723         1,961,303         2,381,026
Samish Nation                     0                 0           274,914           274,914
Sauk-Suiattle                33,990           106,571            71,076           211,637
 Indian Tribe
Shoalwater Bay                    0            34,013           139,502           173,515
 Tribe
Siletz                            0           489,565         2,559,537         3,049,102
 Confederated
 Tribes
Skokomish Indian                  0           203,920           687,814           891,734
 Tribe
Spokane Tribe                     0           974,699           276,409         1,251,108
Squaxin Island                    0           240,466           537,452           777,918
 Tribe
Stillaguamish                     0           109,123           205,492           314,615
 Tribe
Suquamish Tribal                  0           175,116           158,942           334,058
 Council
Swinomish Indians                 0           465,636           196,843           662,479
Tulalip Tribes                    0         1,253,475           393,273         1,646,748
Umatilla                    144,564           782,523           346,956         1,274,043
 Confederated
 Tribes
Upper Skagit                      0           377,500           371,722           749,222
 Tribe
Warm Springs                      0           677,932           705,720         1,383,652
 Confederated
 Tribes
Yakima Indian                     0         2,317,848         2,236,787         4,554,635
 Nation
=========================================================================================
Total                                                                        $590,045,972
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source:  HUD's Office of Native American Programs. 


MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS REPORT
=========================================================== Appendix V

Carol Anderson-Guthrie
Robert J.  Dinkelmeyer
Luis Escalante, Jr.
Jerry C.  Fastrup
Michael L.  Mgebroff


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