Environmental Protection: EPA's Science and Technology Funds (Letter
Report, 10/30/98, GAO/RCED-99-12).

Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Environmental
Protection Agency's (EPA) budget justifications for its Science and
Technology account for fiscal years 1998 and 1999, focusing on: (1)
identifying EPA's Science and Technology requested funds by the agency's
strategic goals and objectives; (2) determining for each of EPA's
program offices the amount of Science and Technology funds they plan to
administer in fiscal year (FY) 1999; and (3) providing a crosswalk of
funds appropriated for FY 1998 by program components to strategic goals
and objectives and determine the process or information available that
can be used to readily compare the funds that are requested for EPA's
Science and Technology account in future years.

GAO noted that: (1) EPA organized its request for $633 million for its
Science and Technology account for FY 1999 according to the agency's
strategic goals and objectives in its budget justification provided to
the appropriations committees; (2) these funds are divided under all 10
goals and further segmented into 25 to 45 objectives that are identified
under the strategic goals; (3) 71 percent of the Science and Technology
funds is proposed to fund two of EPA's strategic goals--Sound Science
and Clean Air; (4) the funds in this account are divided among nine
objectives under these two goals; (5) in FY 1999, 6 of EPA's 14 program
offices will administer the requested Science and Technology funds; (6)
two program offices, the Office of Research and Development and the
Office of Air and Radiation, will administer $485 and $132 million,
respectively, or over 97 percent of all the Science and Technology funds
requested; (7) the remaining 3 percent of these funds will be
administered by four other program offices; (8) EPA did not maintain
financial records by both program components and strategic goals and
objectives for all 1998 appropriated Science and Technology funds; (9)
estimates of the 1998 appropriated amounts were subsequently developed
by EPA, at GAO's request, to fully compare that year's amounts to the FY
1999 requested amounts; (10) EPA plans to submit future budget
justifications and maintain appropriated amounts for FY 1999 in the
format of its strategic goals and objectives; (11) this format will
facilitate comparisons of future requests with the FY 1999 budget
justification; and (12) EPA also plans to provide additional information
in the FY 2000 justification to facilitate comparisons of strategic
goals and objectives with major components of its programs.

--------------------------- Indexing Terms -----------------------------

 REPORTNUM:  RCED-99-12
     TITLE:  Environmental Protection: EPA's Science and Technology Funds
      DATE:  10/30/98
   SUBJECT:  Comparative analysis
             Strategic planning
             Budget administration
             Mission budgeting
             Environmental research
             Appropriated funds
             Agency missions
IDENTIFIER:  Government Performance and Results Act
             GPRA
             
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Cover
================================================================ COVER


Report to the Committee on Science, House of Representatives

October 1998

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION - EPA'S
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FUNDS

GAO/RCED-99-12

Science and Technology Funds

(160450)


Abbreviations
=============================================================== ABBREV

  EPA - Environmental Protection Agency
  GAO - General Accounting Office
  OMB - Office of Management and Budget
  NAAQS -

Letter
=============================================================== LETTER


B-281073

October 30, 1998

The Honorable F.  James Sensenbrenner, Jr.
Chairman
The Honorable George E.  Brown, Jr.
Ranking Minority Member
Committee on Science
House of Representatives

Each year, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides a
justification for requested appropriations for the forthcoming fiscal
year to the congressional appropriations committees.  This budget
justification contains information that supplements the President's
Budget submitted to the Congress and also shows levels of funding for
the previous fiscal year.  This justification is used by the
appropriations committees and other committees during deliberations
on EPA's budget, programs, and other activities.  EPA's fiscal year
1999 budget justification differed significantly from its fiscal year
1998 justification because it was organized according to the agency's
strategic goals and objectives (e.g., Clean Air:  Reduce Emissions of
Air Toxics) that were established in the strategic plan EPA had
prepared to meet the requirements of the Government Performance and
Results Act.  In contrast, the fiscal year 1998 budget justification
was organized according to EPA's program offices and components
(e.g., Office of Air and Radiation:  Air Toxics), and the different
formats made comparing information contained in the budget
justifications for fiscal years 1998 and 1999 challenging for
congressional committees. 

The President's Budget for fiscal year 1999 requested $633 million
for EPA's Science and Technology budget account, which funds
scientific research and related activities that support its
regulatory and other environmental programs.  Like the rest of EPA's
fiscal year 1999 budget justification, the budget justification for
Science and Technology was presented according to EPA's various
strategic goals and objectives.  For fiscal year 1998, $614 million
was requested for Science and Technology programs, and $631 million
was appropriated. 

Because of the difficulty in identifying and comparing the proposed
funds in the Science and Technology account for the budget
justifications for fiscal years 1998 and 1999, you requested that we
(1) identify EPA's Science and Technology requested funds by the
agency's strategic goals and objectives, (2) determine for each of
EPA's program offices the amount of Science and Technology funds they
plan to administer in fiscal year 1999, and (3) provide a "crosswalk"
(or clear link) of funds appropriated for fiscal year 1998 by program
components to strategic goals and objectives and determine the
process or information available that can be used to readily compare
the funds that are requested for EPA's Science and Technology account
in future years. 


   RESULTS IN BRIEF
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :1

EPA organized its request for $633 million for its Science and
Technology account for fiscal year 1999 according to the agency's
strategic goals and objectives in its budget justification provided
to the appropriations committees.  These funds are divided under all
10 goals and further segmented into 25 of 45 objectives that are
identified under the strategic goals.  Seventy-one percent of the
Science and Technology funds is proposed to fund two of EPA's
strategic goals--Sound Science and Clean Air.  The funds in this
account are divided among nine objectives under these two goals. 

In fiscal year 1999, 6 of EPA's 14 program offices will administer
the requested Science and Technology funds.  Two program offices, the
Office of Research and Development and the Office of Air and
Radiation, will administer $485 and $132 million, respectively, or
over 97 percent of all the Science and Technology funds requested. 
The remaining 3 percent of these funds will be administered by four
other program offices. 

EPA did not maintain financial records by both program components and
strategic goals and objectives for all 1998 appropriated Science and
Technology funds.  Estimates of the 1998 appropriated amounts were
subsequently developed by EPA, at our request, to fully compare that
year's amounts to the fiscal year 1999 requested amounts.  EPA plans
to submit future budget justifications and maintain appropriated
amounts for fiscal year 1999 in the format of its strategic goals and
objectives.  This format will facilitate comparisons of future
requests with the fiscal year 1999 budget justification.  EPA also
plans to provide additional information in the fiscal year 2000
justification to facilitate comparisons of strategic goals and
objectives with major components of its programs. 


   BACKGROUND
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :2

Prior to submitting its fiscal year 1999 budget justification, EPA
had organized its budget justifications to the appropriations
committees by its budget accounts and for each account by program
offices and program components.  Funds appropriated and requested
were shown by program offices, and in fiscal year 1998 the requested
Science and Technology funds were allocated under six program offices
and 28 program components. 

In response to the Government Performance and Results Act and other
related management reform initiatives, EPA presented its fiscal year
1999 budget justification according to the agency's strategic goals
and objectives that had been established in its September 1997
strategic plan.  The budget request linked requested funds with the
agency's new structure of strategic goals and objectives, a
presentation that is intended to meet the requirements of the
Government Performance and Results Act. 

The format and contents of budget justifications are not prescribed
in regulations, and the fiscal year 1999 justification did not
contain a breakdown by program offices or program components. 
Therefore, the justification for fiscal year 1999 could not be
readily used to compare amounts requested or appropriated for fiscal
year 1998.  The congressional committees' analysis of budget
justifications compares the funds requested for the future budget
year with the funds appropriated for the prior 2 years.  To
facilitate such a comparison, agency officials provided supplemental
information to the congressional committees.  This information
included crosswalks in the form of tables that linked amounts for
specific program components to the agency's various strategic goals
and objectives used in the fiscal year 1999 justification. 
Comparison of fiscal year 1998 appropriated amounts with fiscal year
1999 requested amounts was difficult because financial crosswalks for
all amounts were not readily available to use with the budget
justification. 


   SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FUNDS
   IDENTIFIED BY STRATEGIC GOALS
   AND OBJECTIVES
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :3

Funds for EPA's Science and Technology account were requested for all
10 of the agency's strategic goals and for 25 of its 45 strategic
objectives for fiscal year 1999.  Two strategic goals, Sound Science
and Clean Air,\1 accounted for 71 percent of the requested funds for
Science and Technology (see table 1). 



                                Table 1
                
                 Science and Technology Funds Requested
                    for EPA's 10 Strategic Goals and
                      Objectives, Fiscal Year 1999

                                                    Fiscal  Percentage
                                                 year 1999    of total
Strategic goals                     Objectives     request     request
----------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------
Sound science, improved
 understanding of environmental
 risks, and greater innovation to            5  $312,955,7       49.4%
 address environmental problems                         00
Clean air                                    4  137,154,20       21.7%
                                                         0
Reduction of global and cross-
 environmental risks                         1  67,406,500       10.6%
Clean and safe water                         3  55,335,700        8.7%
Expansion of Americans' right to
 know about their environment                1  18,648,300        2.9%
Preventing pollution and reducing
 risks in communities, homes,
 workplaces, and ecosystems                  3  14,383,600        2.3%
Better waste management,
 restoration of contaminated                 3  14,139,300        2.2%
 sites, and emergency response
A credible deterrent to pollution
 and greater compliance with the             2   8,760,700        1.4%
 law
Safe food                                    2   4,450,000        0.7%
Effective management                         1     226,000       <0.1%
======================================================================
Total                                       25  $633,460,0      100.0%
                                                        00
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Source:  GAO's analysis of EPA's fiscal year 1999 Justification of
Appropriation Estimates for the Committees on Appropriations and data
provided by EPA. 

A more detailed comparison of fiscal year 1998 appropriated funds and
fiscal year 1999 requested Science and Technology funds by EPA's
strategic goals and objectives is contained in appendix I. 


--------------------
\1 Strategic goals and objectives for Sound Science and Clean Air
were also funded by other appropriations.  Throughout this report, we
discuss only funds for EPA's Science and Technology account. 


   SIX OF EPA'S PROGRAM OFFICES
   WILL ADMINISTER SCIENCE AND
   TECHNOLOGY FUNDS FOR FISCAL
   YEAR 1999
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :4

Under EPA's budget proposal, 6 of EPA's 14 program offices would be
administering Science and Technology funds in fiscal year 1999.  Two
program offices, Research and Development and Air and Radiation,
requested a combined $617 million, or over 97 percent of the total
funds for Science and Technology that were requested (see table 2). 



                                Table 2
                
                   EPA's Program Offices That Will Be
                 Administering Fiscal Year 1999 Science
                          and Technology Funds

                                  Fiscal year 1999
                                       Science and       Percentage of
Program office                  Technology request       total request
------------------------------  ------------------  ------------------
Research and Development              $485,487,000               76.6%
Air and Radiation                      131,546,400               20.8%
Enforcement and Compliance               8,760,700                1.4%
 Assurance
Prevention, Pesticides, and              5,313,600                0.8%
 Toxic Substances
Water                                    2,126,300                0.3%
Administration and Resources               226,000               <0.1%
 Management
======================================================================
Total                                 $633,460,000              100.0%
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Source:  GAO's analysis of EPA's fiscal year 1999 Justification of
Appropriation Estimates for the Committees on Appropriations and data
provided by EPA. 

A more detailed comparison of the program offices that will be
administering the fiscal year 1999 Science and Technology funds by
EPA's strategic goals and objectives is contained in appendix II. 


   INFORMATION AVAILABLE FOR
   COMPARING REQUESTED AND
   APPROPRIATED FUNDS FOR SCIENCE
   AND TECHNOLOGY
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :5

To compare EPA's requested fiscal year 1999 funds for Science and
Technology to the previous fiscal year's appropriated funds, EPA
would have had to maintain financial records in two different
formats--by program components and by strategic goals and
objectives--and to develop crosswalks to link information between the
two.  EPA was not required to but maintained these two formats for
some of the Science and Technology funds but not for others. 
Guidance from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) does not
require agencies to develop or provide crosswalks in their
justifications when a budget format changes.  However, OMB examiners
or congressional committee staffs may request crosswalks during their
analysis of a budget request.  According to EPA officials, the agency
will maintain its financial records by strategic goals and objectives
for future comparisons of budget justifications and will use this
format to request funds for fiscal year 2000.  This approach will
facilitate comparisons of the appropriated amounts for fiscal year
1999 with the requested amounts for fiscal year 2000. 


      PRIOR YEAR COMPARISONS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :5.1

Two program offices, Research and Development and Air and Radiation,
which accounted for over 97 percent of the funds that were requested
for Science and Technology for fiscal year 1999, maintained their
financial records differently.  The Office of Research and
Development maintained the appropriated budget for fiscal year 1998
by program components, the old format, and also by EPA's strategic
goals and objectives, the new format.  With these two formats of
financial data, the Office of Research and Development could readily
crosswalk or provide links to help compare the 1998 appropriated
funds by program components to the fiscal year 1999 budget
justification, which is organized according to EPA's strategic goals
and objectives.  A crosswalk of appropriated funds between the Office
of Research and Development's 11 program categories and EPA's 16
strategic objectives is shown in appendix III. 

The Office of Air and Radiation maintained financial records for
fiscal year 1998 under EPA's new strategic goals and objectives
format and did not maintain this information by the format based on
the old program components because the agency was moving to the new
format.  Therefore, the Office of Air and Radiation could only
estimate how the fiscal year 1998 appropriated funds would have been
classified under the old format.  For example, EPA estimated that the
Office of Air and Radiation's program component for radiation had an
appropriated fiscal year 1998 budget of $4.6 million.  While the
activities of this program component continued in fiscal year 1999,
the justification was presented as part of EPA's various strategic
goals and objectives.  Because the radiation program could not be
readily identified in the fiscal year 1999 budget justification,
congressional decisionmakers could not easily compare it with the
fiscal year 1998 appropriated amount.  At our request, the Office of
Air and Radiation estimated its appropriated budget for fiscal year
1998 by program components and then developed a crosswalk to link
amounts to EPA's strategic goals and objectives.  An estimated
crosswalk between the Office of Air and Radiation's eight program
components and EPA's nine strategic objectives is shown in appendix
IV. 

The remaining 3 percent of the requested Science and Technology funds
is administered by the Office of Water; the Office of Administration
and Resources Management; the Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and
Toxic Substances; and the Office of Enforcement and Compliance
Assurance.  Two of these offices--the Office of Prevention,
Pesticides, and Toxic Substances and the Office of Enforcement and
Compliance Assurance--did not format financial information by program
components.  These offices estimated how the 1998 appropriated funds
would be classified under their program components.  Crosswalks for
these offices are shown in appendixes V-VIII. 


      FUTURE YEAR COMPARISONS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :5.2

EPA plans to submit future budget justifications in the strategic
goals and objectives format, as it did for fiscal year 1999. 
Therefore, the formats for fiscal year 1999 and fiscal year 2000 will
be similar, which will facilitate comparisons.  In addition,
according to EPA officials, EPA plans to modify its format for budget
justifications starting with its fiscal year 2000 budget
justification, by providing tables for each goal and objective that
will show the amount of funds requested for key programs.\2

According to EPA officials, EPA does not plan to identify the program
offices that will be administering the requested funds in its budget
justification for fiscal year 2000.  However, according to EPA
officials, backup information will be available to show the program
offices that will be administering the requested funds.  According to
EPA officials and an EPA draft policy on budget execution, the
agency's new Planning, Budgeting, Analysis, and Accountability System
will record budget data by goals, objectives, subobjectives, program
offices, and program components.  EPA expected that this system would
be fully implemented on October 1, 1998.  EPA will be formatting its
future budget justifications according to the agency's strategic
goals and objectives instead of its key programs. 

According to EPA officials, the strategic goals and objectives in
EPA's fiscal year 2000 justification will be the same as those in its
fiscal year 1999 justification.  However, beginning in fiscal year
1999, the agency will reassess its strategic goals and objectives, as
required by the Government Performance and Results Act.  This
assessment will involve EPA's working with state governments, tribal
organizations, and congressional committees to evaluate its goals and
objectives to determine if any of them should be modified.  Upon
completion of this assessment, if any of EPA's goals or objectives
change, the structure of the agency's budget justification would
change correspondingly.  Changes to the strategic goals and
objectives in the budget justifications will also require crosswalks
and additional information to make year-to-year comparisons. 


--------------------
\2 On September 30, 1998, EPA issued guidance requiring the use of
the term "key programs" for future budgets. 


   CONCLUSIONS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :6

Formatting EPA's budget justification for fiscal year 1999 by the
agency's strategic goals and objectives was a significant departure
from its fiscal year 1998 budget justification, which was structured
according to the agency's program offices and their components. 
While formatting its budget justification this way was responsive to
the Government Performance and Results Act, it made comparisons of
fiscal year 1998 appropriated amounts and fiscal year 1999 requested
amounts difficult because financial crosswalks for all amounts were
not readily available to use with the budget justification.  As a
result, congressional committees were not able to easily compare the
amounts that were requested in the fiscal year 1999 justification
with the amounts that had been appropriated for fiscal year 1998. 
Management initiatives taken and planned by EPA should promote
comparisons of the amounts that are appropriated for fiscal year 1999
with the amounts that will be requested for fiscal year 2000. 


   AGENCY COMMENTS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :7

We provided copies of a draft of this report to EPA for review and
comment.  The agency generally agreed that the report provided a good
characterization of the crosswalks needed to compare the amounts that
had been appropriated for fiscal year 1998 with the amounts that were
requested for fiscal year 1999.  EPA suggested technical changes to
the report to help ensure accurate information regarding the agency's
processes to develop future budget requests, and we incorporated the
agency's comments. 


   SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :8

We performed our work at EPA's headquarters office located in
Washington, D.C.  We reviewed the Justifications of Appropriation
Estimates for the Committees on Appropriations prepared by EPA for
fiscal years 1998 and 1999 to identify (1) the requested Science and
Technology funds by strategic goals and objectives, (2) which EPA
program offices would be administering funds from Science and
Technology, and (3) the appropriated 1998 funds by program components
and to determine the process and the available information that can
be used to readily compare requested amounts for Science and
Technology in future years.  We also met with EPA officials and
reviewed additional documentation prepared by EPA.  We did not
independently verify the data provided by EPA.  We conducted our
review from July 1998 through October 1998 in accordance with
generally accepted government auditing standards. 


---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :8.1

We are sending copies of this report to appropriate congressional
committees; the Administrator, EPA; and other interested parties.  We
will also make copies available to others on request. 

Major contributors to this report were Everett O.  Pace and John A. 
Wanska.  Please call me at (202) 512-6111 if you or your staff have
any questions. 

Peter F.  Guerrero
Director, Environmental
 Protection Issues


SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FUNDS IN
EPA'S FISCAL YEAR 1998
APPROPRIATED BUDGET AND FISCAL
YEAR 1999 BUDGET REQUEST BY
STRATEGIC GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
=========================================================== Appendix I

                                                                              Fiscal year
                                                     Fiscal year 1998         1999 budget
Strategic goal      Objective                           appropriation             request
------------------  -----------------------------  ------------------  ------------------
Clean air           Attain National Ambient Air          $126,773,900        $115,862,600
                     Quality Standards for ozone
                     and particulate matter
                    Reduce emissions of air                19,201,900          17,178,400
                     toxics
                    Attain National Ambient Air               114,500             113,200
                     Quality Standards for carbon
                     monoxide, sulfur dioxide,
                     lead, and nitrogen dioxide
                    Acid rain                               4,500,000           4,000,000
=========================================================================================
Subtotal                                                 $150,590,300        $137,154,200
Clean and safe      Enhance human health through          $42,063,300         $37,699,300
 water               safe drinking water
                    Conserve and enhance nation's          12,406,500          11,570,700
                     water
                    Reduce loadings and air                 4,278,200           6,065,700
                     disposition
=========================================================================================
Subtotal                                                  $58,748,000         $55,335,700
Safe food           Reduce agricultural                    $1,758,200          $2,998,200
                     pesticides risk
                    Reduce use on food of                     698,600           1,451,800
                     pesticides not meeting
                     standards
=========================================================================================
Subtotal                                                   $2,456,800          $4,450,000
Preventing          Reduce public and ecosystem              $638,600            $863,600
 pollution and       exposure to pesticides
 reducing risks in
 communities,
 homes,
 workplaces, and
 ecosystems
                    Safe handling and use of               10,531,700           9,333,300
                     commercial
                     chemicals and microorganisms
                    Healthier indoor air                    3,828,500           4,186,700
=========================================================================================
Subtotal                                                  $14,998,800         $14,383,600
Better waste        Reduce or control risks to             $5,218,700          $5,935,600
 management,         human health
 restoration of
 contaminated
 waste sites, and
 emergency
 response
                    Prevent releases by proper              6,256,700           6,589,800
                     facility management
                    Response to all known                   1,610,300           1,613,900
                     emergencies
=========================================================================================
Subtotal                                                  $13,085,700         $14,139,300
Reduction of        Climate change                        $31,593,600         $67,406,500
 global and cross-
 environmental
 risks
=========================================================================================
Subtotal                                                  $31,593,600         $67,406,500
Expansion of        Enhance ability to protect             $9,133,700         $18,648,300
 Americans' right    public health
 to know about
 their environment
=========================================================================================
Subtotal                                                   $9,133,700         $18,648,300
Sound science,      Research for ecosystem               $100,363,000         $84,537,200
 improved            assessment and restoration
 understanding of
 environmental
 risks, and
 greater
 innovation to
 address
 environmental
 problems
                    Research for human health              48,639,700          47,556,100
                     risk assessment
                    Research to detect emerging            42,444,800          49,591,100
                     risk issues
                    Pollution prevention and new           65,682,100          44,657,000
                     technology for environmental
                     protection
                    Enable research on innovative          85,013,400          86,614,300
                     approaches to current and
                     future environmental
                     problems
=========================================================================================
Subtotal                                                 $342,143,000        $312,955,700
A credible          Enforcement tools to reduce            $8,116,800          $8,662,800
 deterrent to        noncompliance
 pollution and
 greater
 compliance with
 the law
                    Promote voluntary compliance               98,300              97,900
=========================================================================================
Subtotal                                                   $8,215,100          $8,760,700
Effective           Management services,                      $35,000            $226,000
 management          administrative, and
                     stewardship
=========================================================================================
Subtotal                                                      $35,000            $226,000
=========================================================================================
Grand total                                              $631,000,000        $633,460,000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source:  GAO's analysis of fiscal years 1998 and 1999 Justifications
of Appropriation Estimates for the Committees on Appropriations and
data provided by EPA. 


EPA OFFICES THAT WILL ADMINISTER
FISCAL YEAR 1999 SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY FUNDS
========================================================== Appendix II

                                              National program office
                           --------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Preventi
                                                              on,  Enforcem
                                                         Pesticid   ent and
                           Research                       es, and  Complian  Administrati
                                and   Air and               Toxic        ce        on and
Strategi                   Developm  Radiatio            Substanc  Assuranc     Resources
c goal    Objective             ent         n     Water        es         e    Management
--------  ---------------  --------  --------  --------  --------  --------  ------------
Clean     Attain National  $44,285,  $71,576,
 air       Ambient Air          700       900
           Quality
           Standards for
           ozone and
           particulate
           matter
          Reduce           15,392,6  1,785,80
           emissions of          00         0
           air toxics
          Attain National             113,200
           Ambient Air
           Quality
           Standards for
           carbon
           monoxide,
           sulfur
           dioxide, lead,
           and nitrogen
           dioxide
          Acid rain                  4,000,00
                                            0
Clean     Enhance human    35,573,0            $2,126,3
 and       health through        00                  00
 safe      safe drinking
 water     water
          Conserve and     11,570,7
           enhance               00
           nation's water
          Reduce loadings  6,065,70
           and air                0
           disposition
Safe      Reduce                                         $2,998,2
 food      agricultural                                        00
           pesticides use
          Reduce use on                                  1,451,80
           food of                                              0
           pesticides not
           meeting
           standards
Preventi  Reduce public                                   863,600
 ng        and ecosystem
 polluti   exposure to
 on and    pesticides
 reducin
 g risks
 in
 communi
 ties,
 homes,
 workpla
 ces,
 and
 ecosyst
 ems
          Safe handling    9,333,30
           and use of             0
           commercial
           chemicals and
           microorganisms
          Healthier        2,213,50  1,973,20
           indoor air             0         0
Better    Reduce or        $2,922,1  $3,013,5
 waste     control risks         00        00
 managem   to human
 ent,      health
 restora
 tion of
 contami
 nated
 waste
 sites,
 and
 emergen
 cy
 respons
 e
          Prevent          6,025,40   564,400
           releases by            0
           proper
           facility
           management
          Response to all            1,613,90
           known                            0
           emergencies
Reductio  Climate change   20,501,0  46,905,5
 n of                            00        00
 global
 and
 cross-
 environ
 mental
 risks
Expansio  Enhance ability  18,648,3
 n of      to protect            00
 America   public health
 ns'
 right
 to know
 about
 their
 environ
 ment
Sound     Research for     84,537,2
 science,  ecosystem             00
 improve   assessment and
 d         restoration
 underst
 anding
 of
 environ
 mental
 risks,
 and
 greater
 innovat
 ion to
 address
 environ
 mental
 problem
 s
          Research for     47,556,1
           human health          00
           risk
           assessment
          Research to      49,591,1
           detect                00
           emerging risk
           issues
          Pollution        44,657,0
           prevention and        00
           new technology
           for
           environmental
           protection
          Enable research  $86,614,
           on innovative        300
           approaches to
           current and
           future
           environmental
           problems
A         Enforcement                                              $8,662,8
 credible  tools to                                                      00
 deterre   reduce
 nt to     noncompliance
 polluti
 on and
 greater
 complia
 nce
 with
 the law
          Promote                                                    97,900
           voluntary
           compliance
Effectiv  Management                                                             $226,000
 e         services,
 managem   administrative
 ent       , and
           stewardship
=========================================================================================
Grand     $633,460,000     $485,487  $131,546  $2,126,3  $5,313,6  $8,760,7      $226,000
 total                         ,000      ,400        00        00        00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source:  GAO's analysis of fiscal years 1998 and 1999 Justifications
of Appropriation Estimates for the Committees on Appropriations and
data provided by EPA. 


CROSSWALK OF APPROPRIATED BUDGET
BY PROGRAM COMPONENTS TO STRATEGIC
OBJECTIVES, FY 1998, RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT
========================================================= Appendix III

                                                       Objective                                                                   Objective
                               ----------------------------------------------------------  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 Safe
                                             handling
                                           and use of
                                 Conserve  commercial      Reduce     Enhance   Ecosystem                        Prevent               Reduce or      Attain                  Enable
                                      and   chemicals    loadings  ability to  protection                     release by   Pollution     control   NAAQS for      Detect    research
                         1998     enhance         and     and air     protect         and                         proper  prevention     risk to   ozone and    emerging          on
ORD program        appropriat    nation's  microorgan  dispositio      public  restoratio  Human health risk    facility     and new       human  particular      health  innovative
component           ed budget       water        isms           n      health           n         assessment  management  technology      health   matter \a      issues  approaches
-----------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  -----------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------
Ecosystem          $117,587,2  $12,406,50  $5,758,500  $4,278,200    $146,200  $94,997,80
 protection                00           0                                               0
Human health       52,483,300               4,773,200               2,082,700                    $45,627,400
 protection
New technology     51,874,400                                       6,904,800                                   $173,100  $44,796,50
 and pollution                                                                                                                     0
 prevention
Waste management    5,208,500                                                                                  2,507,700              $2,700,800
 and site
 remediation
Waste site/risk     3,101,800                                                                                  3,101,800
 characterization
Science quality    141,479,40                                                   5,365,200          3,012,300              20,885,600                          $27,202,90  $85,013,40
 and                        0                                                                                                                                          0           0
 infrastructure
Special            14,108,000                                                                                                                                 14,108,000
 environmental
 hazards
Criteria air       76,011,200                                                                                                                     $74,877,30   1,133,900
                                                                                                                                                           0
====================================================================================================================================================================================
Total                          $12,406,50  $10,531,70  $4,278,200  $9,133,700  $100,363,0        $48,639,700  $5,782,600  $65,682,10  $2,700,800  $74,877,30  $42,444,80  $85,013,40
                                        0           0                                  00                                          0                       0           0           0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



                                                         Objective
                                   ------------------------------------------------------
                                                      Enhance
                                                 human health        Reduce
                             1998                     through     emissions
ORD program          appropriated       Climate      drinking            of      Heathier
component                  budget        change         water    air toxics    indoor air
-------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------
Global change         $14,642,900   $14,642,900
Drinking water         40,316,300                 $40,316,300
Air toxics             19,923,000                               $17,788,200    $2,134,800
=========================================================================================
Total                               $14,642,900   $40,316,300   $17,788,200    $2,134,800
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a National Ambient Air Quality Standards. 

Source:  GAO's analysis of data provided by EPA. 


CROSSWALK OF APPROPRIATED BUDGET
BY PROGRAM COMPONENTS TO STRATEGIC
OBJECTIVES, FY 1998, AIR AND
RADIATION
========================================================== Appendix IV

                                                          Objective                                                                Objective
                                     ----------------------------------------------------  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                                                 Prevent
                                                                                                                               Reduce or     releases by
                               1998                                      Attain NAAQS for                                  control risks          proper    Respond to
OAR program            appropriated  Attain NAAQS for  Reduce emissions     CO, SO2, NO2,                      Healthier        to human        facility     all known       Climate
component                    budget      ozone and PM     of air toxics          and lead      Acid rain      indoor air          health      management   emergencies        change
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  -------------  --------------  --------------  --------------  ------------  ------------
Ozone/CO/NOx            $29,300,500       $29,188,800                            $111,700
PM/visibility/           22,093,300        22,093,300
 regional haze/
 lead
Air toxics                1,391,700                          $1,391,700
Acid rain/SO2             4,500,000                                                           $4,500,000
Climate change           16,950,700                                                                                                                                      $16,950,700
Indoor                    1,693,700                                                                           $1,693,700
 environments
Radiation                 4,582,800                                                                                           $2,508,000        $464,500    $1,610,300
Working capital             658,800           614,500            22,000             2,800                                          9,900           9,600
 fund
====================================================================================================================================================================================
Total                                     $51,896,600        $1,413,700          $114,500     $4,500,000      $1,693,700      $2,517,900        $474,100    $1,610,300   $16,950,700
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Legend

NAAQS = National Ambient Air Quality Standards
CO = Carbon monoxide
NO2 = Nitrogen dioxide
NOx = Nitrogen oxide
PM = Particulate matter
SO2 = Sulfur dioxide

Source:  GAO's analysis of data provided by EPA. 


CROSSWALK OF APPROPRIATED BUDGET
BY PROGRAM COMPONENT TO STRATEGIC
OBJECTIVE, FY 1998, WATER
=========================================================== Appendix V

                                                        Objective
                                                    ------------------
                                                         Enhance human
                                                        health through
                                 1998 appropriated       safe drinking
Program component for Water                 budget               water
------------------------------  ------------------  ------------------
Drinking water technical                $1,747,000          $1,747,000
 support center
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Source:  GAO's analysis of data provided by EPA. 


CROSSWALK OF APPROPRIATED BUDGET
BY PROGRAM COMPONENT TO STRATEGIC
OBJECTIVE, FY 1998, ADMINISTRATION
AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
========================================================== Appendix VI

                                                        Objective
                                                    ------------------
                                                            Management
Program component for                                        services,
Administration and Resources     1998 appropriated     administrative,
Management                                  budget     and stewardship
------------------------------  ------------------  ------------------
Essential infrastructure                   $35,000             $35,000
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Source:  GAO's analysis of data provided by EPA. 


CROSSWALK OF APPROPRIATED BUDGET
BY PROGRAM COMPONENTS TO STRATEGIC
OBJECTIVES, FY 1998, PREVENTION,
PESTICIDES, AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
========================================================= Appendix VII

                                                Objective
                                    ----------------------------------
                                                Reduce use      Reduce
                                        Reduce  on food of  public and
Program component for               agricultur  pesticides   ecosystem
Prevention,                   1998          al         not    exposure
Pesticides, and Toxic   appropriat  pesticides     meeting          to
Substances               ed budget       ' use   standards  pesticides
----------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------
Registration            $1,381,900  $1,097,800                $284,100
Reregistration and       1,713,600     660,500    $698,600     354,500
 special projects
======================================================================
Total                               $1,758,300    $698,600    $638,600
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Source:  GAO's analysis of data provided by EPA. 


CROSSWALK OF APPROPRIATED BUDGET
BY PROGRAM COMPONENTS TO STRATEGIC
OBJECTIVES, FY 1998, ENFORCEMENT
AND COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE
======================================================== Appendix VIII

                                                    Objective
                                            --------------------------
                                             Enforcement
                                                tools to
Program component for                 1998        reduce       Promote
Enforcement and Compliance    appropriated  noncomplianc     voluntary
Assurance                           budget             e    compliance
----------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------
Compliance monitoring           $2,533,900    $2,533,900
Civil enforcement                2,363,400     2,363,400
Criminal enforcement             3,219,500     3,219,500
Compliance assistance               98,300                     $98,300
======================================================================
Total                                         $8,116,800       $98,300
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Source:  GAO's analysis of data provided by EPA. 


*** End of document. ***