Department of Energy: Solar and Renewable Resources Technologies Program
(Letter Report, 07/11/97, GAO/RCED-97-188).

GAO provided information on the Solar and Renewable Resources
Technologies Program, focusing on the: (1) level of funding committed to
research and development (R&D) and other activities in fiscal year 1998;
(2) extent to which the Department of Energy's (DOE) costs have been
shared with private industry and the type of cost-share arrangements;
and (3) extent to which the funds have been competitively awarded. GAO
did not independently verify or validate the data provided to GAO.

GAO noted that: (1) in fiscal year 1998, DOE proposes to spend $311
million of the $345 million Solar and Renewable Resources Technologies
Program budget for solar and renewable energy R&D projects and $34
million for non-R&D activities; (2) the R&D projects range from
experiments for increasing knowledge and understanding to full-scale
engineering development; (3) because many of the renewable energy
technologies already exist and are being improved to increase their
efficiency and reduce cost, $55 million will be spent for operational
tests/field validations--the phase of R&D that is closest to
commercialization; (4) almost $16 million of the non-R&D funds will be
used for program direction, including salaries, travel, and
administrative services; (5) the remaining non-R&D activities include
information dissemination, incentive payments to public power entities,
and laboratory maintenance and construction; (6) DOE leverages federal
funds and encourages commercialization of renewable energy technologies
by requiring industry and other partners to share the R&D costs; (7)
during fiscal years 1996 and 1997, private industry and other groups'
cost-sharing ranged between 3 and 84 percent of the cost of the research
projects, depending on the renewable energy subprogram, the size of the
firms involved, and the phase of R&D (8) the cost-shares were in the
form of cash or in-kind contributions, such as salary or equipment costs
or a combination of both; (9) most of the funding agreements entered
into by the Solar and Renewable Resources Technologies Program were
awarded on a competitive basis during fiscal years 1996 and 1997; (10)
the percentage of competitive awards ranged from none for some
subprogram activities to 100 percent for others; (11) most of the
subprograms awarded at least 50 percent of the funds competitively; and
(12) according to DOE program officials, the contract funds awarded
noncompetitively met allowable exceptions to competition.

--------------------------- Indexing Terms -----------------------------

 REPORTNUM:  RCED-97-188
     TITLE:  Department of Energy: Solar and Renewable Resources 
             Technologies Program
      DATE:  07/11/97
   SUBJECT:  Energy research
             Research and development
             Research programs
             Budget outlays
             Competitive procurement
             Future budget projections
             Cost sharing (finance)
             Technology transfer
             Renewable energy sources
IDENTIFIER:  DOE Solar and Renewable Resources Technologies Program
             DOE Electric Energy Systems and Storage Program
             
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Cover
================================================================ COVER


Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development,
Committee on Appropriations,
House of Representatives

July 1997

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY - SOLAR AND
RENEWABLE RESOURCES TECHNOLOGIES
PROGRAM

GAO/RCED-97-188

Solar and Renewable Resources Technologies Program

(141059)


Abbreviations
=============================================================== ABBREV

  DOE - Department of Energy
  R&D - research and development
  CRADA - cooperative research and development agreement
  EEI -
  APPA -
  NRECA -
  NEMA -
  NREL -
  REPI -
  CORECT -
  EREC -
  EREN -

Letter
=============================================================== LETTER


B-277079

July 11, 1997

The Honorable Joseph M.  McDade
Chairman, Subcommittee on Energy
 and Water Development
Committee on Appropriations
House of Representatives

Dear Mr.  Chairman: 

The Department of Energy's (DOE) fiscal year 1998 budget request for
the Solar and Renewable Resources Technologies Program is $330
million,\1 an increase of almost $79 million from fiscal year 1997
appropriations.  The program is managed primarily by the Office of
Utility Technologies to advance clean, reliable, and affordable power
through cost-shared research partnerships with industry and
laboratories.\2 As agreed with your office, this report provides
program information on (1) the level of funding committed to research
and development (R&D) and other activities in fiscal year 1998, (2)
the extent to which DOE's costs have been shared with private
industry and the type of cost-share arrangements, and (3) the extent
to which the funds have been competitively awarded. 

We categorized R&D activities as basic research, applied research and
exploratory development, advanced development/engineering
development, and operational tests/field validations.  Appendix I
provides the definitions used in this report for these R&D phases. 


--------------------
\1 In fiscal year 1998, DOE also proposes using $15 million in funds
carried over from fiscal year 1997 for a total of $345 million. 

\2 DOE's Office of Transportation Technologies manages the Biofuels
Energy Systems activity. 


   RESULTS IN BRIEF
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :1

In fiscal year 1998, DOE proposes to spend $311 million of the $345
million Solar and Renewable Resources Technologies Program's budget
for solar and renewable energy R&D projects and $34 million for
non-R&D activities.\3 The R&D projects range from experiments for
increasing knowledge and understanding to full-scale engineering
development.  Because many of the renewable energy technologies
already exist and are being improved to increase their efficiency and
reduce cost, $55 million will be spent for operational tests/field
validations--the phase of R&D that is closest to commercialization. 
Almost $16 million of the non-R&D funds will be used for program
direction, including salaries, travel, and administrative services. 
The remaining non-R&D activities include information dissemination,
incentive payments to public power entities, and laboratory
maintenance and construction. 

DOE leverages federal funds and encourages commercialization of
renewable energy technologies by requiring industry and other
partners to share the R&D costs.  During fiscal years 1996 and 1997,
private industry and other groups' cost-sharing ranged between 3 and
84 percent of the cost of the research projects, depending on the
renewable energy subprogram, the size of the firms involved, and the
phase of R&D.  The cost-shares were in the form of cash or in-kind
contributions, such as salary or equipment costs or a combination of
both. 

Most of the funding agreements entered into by the Solar and
Renewable Resources Technologies Program were awarded on a
competitive basis during fiscal years 1996 and 1997.\4 The percentage
of competitive awards ranged from none for some subprogram activities
to 100 percent for others.  Most of the subprograms awarded at least
50 percent of the funds competitively.  According to DOE program
officials, the contract funds awarded noncompetitively met allowable
exceptions to competition. 


--------------------
\3 Comprehensive data by R&D activity for actual fiscal year 1996 and
estimated fiscal years 1997 and 1998 funding are included in appendix
II. 

\4 Funding agreements include contracts, subcontracts, grants,
cooperative agreements, and cooperative research and development
agreements. 


   BACKGROUND
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :2

Renewable energy technologies generate electricity, fuels, and/or
heat through the use of resources that are continually replenished,
such as sunlight (photovoltaics), heat from the sun (solar thermal),
wind, naturally occurring underground steam and heat (geothermal),
plant and animal waste (biomass), and water (hydropower).  The Solar
and Renewable Resources Technologies Program funds research on
renewable energy for utilities, transportation systems, industry, and
buildings and for advanced utility system technologies.  In addition,
the program provides support for solar and renewable energy
technologies in domestic and international markets through incentive
programs to public power entities and through mechanisms established
to increase commercial financing resources for major foreign
purchases of U.S.  technologies. 

Most new product and process development is not initiated by new
science but instead is an attempt to meet perceived market needs by
drawing on existing technologies and on the pool of scientific
knowledge.  R&D can proceed sequentially from basic research to the
operational tests/field validations phase.  These various phases can
proceed sequentially in that basic research serves as the source of
innovation.  In these situations, new scientific knowledge initiates
a chain of events culminating in the development and sale of a new
product, process, or service.  In other situations, the activities
may not proceed in such a linear fashion, as changes to existing
products often arise from the recognition of new market
opportunities, advances in manufacturing capabilities, or advances in
technology independent of progress in the underlying science. 

Commercialization is an attempt by a firm to profit by incorporating
new technology into products, processes, and services used or sold in
the marketplace.  For many new technologies, commercialization
implies scaling up from prototype to volume manufacturing and
committing greater resources to marketing and sales activities. 
Research projects in the operational tests/field validations phase
are closest to the marketplace in terms of commercialization.  An
October 1995 report by the Office of Technology Assessment found that
many factors other than scientific understanding strongly influence
commercial success:  the nature and composition of markets;
competition from older technologies; choices of design and
implementation; the availability of financing, standards, and
complementary assets or infrastructure; and the ability to link with
strategic partners.\5

In DOE's fiscal year 1998 congressional budget request, the term
"deployment" is used in different ways.  At times, deployment is used
in the context of deploying an emerging technology in a field
validation or operational test, which is a precommercialization
activity.  At other times, deployment is used in the context of the
deployment of commercial products in cost-effective applications.  An
example would be the state energy grant programs, which facilitate
the implementation of energy efficiency measures and renewable energy
systems. 


--------------------
\5 Innovation and Commercialization of Emerging Technologies, Office
of Technology Assessment (Oct.  1995). 


   PROPOSED FISCAL YEAR 1998
   FUNDING FOR DOE'S SOLAR AND
   RENEWABLE RESOURCES
   TECHNOLOGIES
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :3

In fiscal year 1998, DOE plans to spend 90 percent of its solar and
renewable energy program funds on R&D to promote the commercial
viability of renewable energy technologies.  The remaining funds will
be spent on non-R&D activities for program direction, such as
salaries, travel, and administrative services and to support the
deployment of solar and renewable energy technologies into domestic
and international markets. 


      FISCAL YEAR 1998 FUNDING FOR
      R&D PROJECTS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :3.1

For fiscal year 1998, DOE proposes to spend $311 million (or 90
percent) of the Solar and Renewable Resources Technologies Program
budget for R&D projects.  Most of the research conducted will be in
the applied research phase.  (See table 1.) About $55 million (or 18
percent) of those funds will be spent for operational tests and field
validations of integrated technologies in a realistic operating
environment.  Projects in this phase are closest to the marketplace
in terms of eventual commercialization.  Activities include concept
development, market and technical feasibility studies, prototype
construction, and scale-up demonstrations. 



                                Table 1
                
                 Proposed Funding by Research Phase for
                Solar and Renewable Energy Subprograms,
                            Fiscal Year 1998

                         (Dollars in thousands)

                                                  Advanced
                                       Applied  developmen
                                     research/          t/  Operationa
                                    explorator  engineerin    l tests/
                                             y           g       field
                             Basic  developmen  developmen  validation
Subprogram                research           t           t           s
----------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------
Solar Building                   0      $1,350      $1,125      $1,525
 Technology
Photovoltaic Energy        $11,000      28,000      28,400       9,600
 Systems
Solar Thermal Energy             0       4,260       8,790       6,750
 Systems
Biopower/                        0      27,805      17,272      31,463
 Biofuels
 Energy
 Systems
Wind Energy Systems              0      13,400      29,458           0
Geothermal                   2,600      15,482       9,418       2,500
Hydrogen                         0       5,958       6,114       2,928
Hydropower                       0       1,000           0           0
Electric Energy             15,620      25,230       3,130         520
 Systems & Storage\a
======================================================================
Totals                     $29,220    $122,485    $103,707     $55,286
----------------------------------------------------------------------
\a The Electric Energy Systems and Storage subprogram figures do not
include the Climate Challenge (see table 2 for description of this
activity), which has been categorized by DOE as non-R&D. 

Source:  Developed by GAO from DOE's data. 

According to DOE officials in the Office of Utility Technologies,
none of these projects fund the commercialization of the
technologies.  However, some of these technologies may already be
commercially viable in specific niche applications or geographical
regions.  And with additional R&D, these technologies may have
further commercial potential in a larger range of markets and
applications and at less cost.  For example, the mission of the wind
energy subprogram is to establish wind energy as a regionally
diversified, cost-effective power generation technology.  To date,
wind turbine technology development in the United States has been
viable only at sites with high average wind speeds.\6 However, wind
may have commercial potential as an energy source in areas of the
country where winds are of moderate velocity, such as the midwestern
United States from the Canadian border to Mexico.  The additional
applied research is needed to develop a next generation wind turbine
that will be competitive at lower average wind speeds. 

In other cases, DOE is supporting the test and demonstration of
first-of-a-kind technologies.  For example, the biofuels energy
systems activity is funding the development of cost-competitive
processes to produce ethanol from low-cost agricultural and forestry
wastes, such as rice straw and sawdust.  According to a DOE official
in the Office of Fuels Development, the technology to produce ethanol
from such wastes has not been demonstrated anywhere in the world. 
The program strategy is to demonstrate the technology in an
industry-owned facility and share the cost. 

According to DOE program officials, without DOE's assistance, the
technologies might not reach commercialization.  If the technologies
have not been demonstrated to be cost-competitive, industry may not
be willing to invest the funds needed to achieve market penetration. 
To reduce the perceived risk, DOE is helping to test and document the
performance because performance cannot always be accurately predicted
through modeling.  For example, a technology close to
commercialization is the geothermal heat pump.  In fiscal year 1998,
DOE plans to work with an industry consortium to further test and
document the performance of this technology to accelerate widespread
consumer acceptance.  To date, DOE has invested $17 million in this
program.  In fiscal year 1998, the budget request was reduced by
almost one-half compared with fiscal year 1997 by eliminating the
funding for new large demonstration projects. 

Appendix II has a comprehensive listing of R&D funding by phase of
research for each solar and renewable energy subprogram and activity
for fiscal years 1996 through 1998. 


--------------------
\6 Wind turbines are machines that generate electricity by using the
kinetic energy of the wind. 


      FISCAL YEAR 1998 FUNDING FOR
      NON-R&D ACTIVITIES
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :3.2

DOE plans to use the remaining $34 million of the proposed budget to
fund non-R&D initiatives and activities that support the deployment
of solar and renewable energy technologies into domestic and
international markets.  (See table 2.) The amount represents over an
80-percent increase from the fiscal year 1997 appropriation for
non-R&D activities.  Almost one-half of the non-R&D funds in the
fiscal year 1998 budget will be used for program direction.  Program
direction includes funding for federal salaries and benefits, travel,
administrative services, and other related activities.  From the $34
million, $5 million will be spent on maintenance and expansion of the
National Renewable Energy Laboratory.  Other non-R&D funds will be
used to provide incentives for renewable energy production to new
facilities owned by public power entities as provided by section 1212
of the Energy Policy Act of 1992; provide support for voluntary
actions by electric utilities to reduce, avoid, or sequester
greenhouse gas emissions; and disseminate information on renewable
energy technologies.  A description of each of the non-R&D activities
is included in appendix III. 



                                Table 2
                
                Proposed Funding for Solar and Renewable
                  Energy Non-R&D Programs, Fiscal Year
                                  1998

                         (Dollars in thousands)

Subprogram                                            Fiscal year 1998
----------------------------------------  ----------------------------
Program Direction                                              $15,642
National Renewable Energy Laboratory                             5,000
Renewable Energy Production Incentive                            4,000
Committee on Renewable Energy Commerce                           2,000
 and Trade
The America's 21st Century Program                               2,500
The U.S. Initiative on Joint                                     2,500
 Implementation
Solar Technology Transfer                                        1,360
Climate Challenge\a                                              1,000
======================================================================
Totals $                                                        34,002
----------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Climate Challenge is an activity in the Electric Energy Systems
and Storage subprogram. 

Source:  Developed by GAO from DOE's data. 


   DOE'S RESEARCH IS COST-SHARED
   WITH PRIVATE INDUSTRY AND OTHER
   PARTNERS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :4

DOE uses cost-sharing of renewable energy projects to leverage
federal funds.  Through partnerships with DOE, partners from private
industry and other groups provide cost-share amounts that range from
as little as 3 percent to as much as 84 percent of the research costs
for renewable energy projects.  DOE program officials told us that
cost-sharing from industry and other partners ensures effective use
of federal funds and helps to expedite the development and eventual
commercialization of technologies because the partners have a vested
interest in them. 

According to DOE officials from the Office of Utility Technologies
and the Office of Transportation Technologies, the cost-share
contributions by partners from private industry are generally higher
for projects in the later phases of R&D.  For example, the industry's
cost-share percentages for the photovoltaic program are 24 percent
for the basic and applied R&D phases and 92 percent for technology
development. 

The cost-share requirements for specific projects are generally
established during the initial solicitation for partners and are met
by cash, in-kind contributions, or a combination of both.  In-kind
contributions may consist of employees' time and salary costs, use of
partners' facilities and equipment, and/or the cost of purchasing
facilities or equipment. 

DOE provided us with information on typical cost-share percentages
for each of its renewable energy subprograms by activity.  The
information shows that the cost-share contributed by private sector
partners and other partners varies by subprogram and activities.  The
range of cost-share percentages by subprogram and the type of
partners, which include utilities, universities, industry, and trade
associations, is summarized in table 3. 



                                Table 3
                
                Range of Typical Cost-Share Percentages,
                 Typical Types of Partners, and Primary
                  Types of Contributions by Renewable
                           Energy Subprograms

                                          Primary types of cost-share
                                                 contribution\b
                                          ----------------------------
                         Cost-
                         share
                      percenta  Typical
Subprogram               ges\a  partners  Cash      In-kind   Mixed
--------------------  --------  --------  --------  --------  --------
Solar Building           15-40  Industry  \b        x         \b
Technology                      ,
                                utilitie
                                s,
                                universi
                                ties,
                                and
                                trade
                                groups

Photovoltaic Energy      13-70  Industry  x         \b        \b
Systems                         ,
                                utilitie
                                s,
                                universi
                                ties,
                                and
                                trade
                                groups

Solar Thermal Energy      3-80  Industry  x         \b        \b
Systems                         and
                                utilitie
                                s

Biopower/                24-80  Industry  \b        x         \b
Biofuels Energy                 ,
Systems                         utilitie
                                s, and
                                universi
                                ties

Wind Energy Systems      21-30  Industry  x         \b        \b
                                and
                                universi
                                ties

                         15-84  Industry  \b        \b        x
Geothermal                      and
                                utilitie
                                s

                          5-50  Industry  \b        \b        x
Hydrogen                        and
                                trade
                                groups

Hydropower               30-62  Industry  x         \b        \b

Electric Energy          15-50  Industry  x         \b        \b
Systems and
Storage\c
----------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Some of DOE's R&D projects such as those performed by some
national laboratories and some universities are not cost-shared.  The
cost-share percentages represent those projects that are cost-shared. 

\b Cost-share requirements may have been met by cash, in-kind
contributions, or a combination of both.  This table presents the
primary type of contribution. 

\c The Electric Energy Systems and Storage subprogram figures do not
include the Climate Challenge activity, which has been categorized by
DOE as non-R&D. 

Source:  Developed by GAO from DOE's data. 

See appendix IV for detailed information on typical cost-shares for
specific renewable energy activities.  Appendix V has information on
DOE's funding to trade associations. 


   MOST RENEWABLE ENERGY R&D FUNDS
   ARE AWARDED COMPETITIVELY
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :5

Of the funds awarded through funding agreements, five of the nine
subprograms awarded at least 50 percent of their funds on a
competitive basis.  However, the extent of competition varied by
subprogram.  Some subprogram activities awarded none of the funds
competitively; some awarded 100 percent of the funds competitively. 
Table 4 shows the range of competition by subprogram. 

DOE awards contracts, subcontracts, grants, cooperative agreements,
and cooperative research and development agreements (CRADA) through
its laboratories, field offices, and headquarters.  All contract
awards are subject to the requirements of the Competition in
Contracting Act and the Federal Acquisition Regulation.  The grant
and cooperative agreement awards are subject to DOE's Financial
Assistance Regulations. 

Some of the funding agreements were awarded without competition. 
According to program officials, the noncompetitively awarded
contracts met allowable exceptions to procurement rules.  The federal
rules require specific written justification for contract awards made
without competition.  Allowable exceptions include awards made in the
public's interest or to a unique source. 

Detailed information on the extent of competition by budget
subprogram and activity is shown in appendix VI. 



                                Table 4
                
                    Range of Competitive Awards for
                      Renewable Energy Subprograms

                                Primary
                                procurement                 Percent of
Subprogram                      mechanism                  competition
------------------------------  ------------------  ------------------
Solar Building Technology       Grant                           50-100
Photovoltaic Energy Systems     Subcontract                     79-100
Solar Thermal Energy Systems    Subcontract                     18-100
Biopower/Biofuels Energy        Contract,                       34-100
 Systems                         cooperative
                                 agreement, and
                                 subcontract
Wind Energy Systems             Subcontract                      0-100
Geothermal                      Grant and contract                0-95
Hydrogen                        Contract                        85-100
Hydropower                      Contract                         84-97
Electric Energy Systems &       Contract, grant,                75-100
 Storage\a                       CRADA, and
                                 cooperative
                                 agreement
----------------------------------------------------------------------
\a The Electric Energy Systems and Storage subprogram figures do not
include the Climate Challenge activity, which has been categorized by
DOE as non-R&D. 

Source:  Developed by GAO from DOE's data. 


   AGENCY COMMENTS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :6

We provided copies of a draft of this report to DOE for review and
comment.  We discussed the draft with DOE officials, including the
Acting Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy, who agreed with the report's findings.  DOE provided us with
technical corrections and clarifications that we incorporated where
appropriate. 


   SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :7

To determine the level of funding committed to R&D and other
activities, we obtained data from DOE for each solar and renewable
energy subprogram and activity by R&D phase.  We obtained actual
funding data for fiscal year 1996 and projected funding for fiscal
years 1997 and 1998.  We used DOE's definitions for the R&D phases. 
To determine the extent that project costs are shared with private
industry, we obtained information on typical cost-sharing
arrangements for each subprogram and activity for projects that were
funded during fiscal years 1996 and 1997 and specific funding data
for trade associations.  To identify the extent to which funds are
competitively awarded, we obtained DOE's estimate of the percentage
of competitive awards for each subprogram and activity.  Our analyses
were based on data provided by DOE.  We did not independently verify
or validate the data provided to us. 

We reviewed DOE's fiscal year 1998 budget request, our prior reports,
and various DOE program documents.  We also discussed the renewable
energy programs, the fiscal year 1998 budget request, cost-sharing,
and competition with officials in DOE's Office of Utility
Technologies and Office of Transportation Technologies.  Our review
was performed from May through June 1997 in accordance with generally
accepted government auditing standards. 


---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :7.1

As arranged with your office, unless you publicly announce its
contents earlier, we plan no further distribution of this report
until 30 days after the date of this letter.  At that time, we will
send copies to the Secretary of Energy and make copies available to
others on request. 

Please call me at (202) 512-3841 if you or your staff have any
questions about this report.  Major contributors to this report
include Susan Kladiva, Robin Nazzaro, and Carrie Stevens. 

Sincerely yours,

Victor S.  Rezendes
Director, Energy, Resources,
 and Science Issues


RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
DEFINITIONS
=========================================================== Appendix I

The following definitions for the phases of research and development
(R&D) are based on definitions used by the Department of Defense. 
The definitions have been modified by the Department of Energy to
reflect non-Defense R&D efforts. 

Basic Research includes all scientific effort and experimentation
directed toward increasing knowledge and understanding in those
fields of physical, engineering, environmental, social, and life
sciences related to long-term national needs.  It requires
fundamental knowledge ultimately required for the solutions of
social, economic, political, physical, or military problems.  It
forms a part of the base for subsequent applied research and
exploratory and advanced development in the various disciplines and
new or improved functional capabilities. 

Applied Research and Exploratory Development includes all effort
directed toward the solution of specific problems, short of major
development projects.  This type of effort may vary from fairly
fundamental applied research to quite sophisticated bread-board
hardware, study, programming, and planning efforts.  It would thus
include investigations and minor development effort.  The dominant
characteristic of this category of effort is that it be pointed
toward specific problem areas with a view toward developing and
evaluating the feasibility and practicability of proposed solutions
and determining their parameters. 

Advanced Development/Engineering Development includes all effort
directed toward projects which have moved into the development of
hardware for field experiments and tests.  This category includes
proof of technological feasibility and assessment of operability and
producibility.  It also includes engineering and manufacturing
technology development. 

Operational tests/field validations include the evaluation of
integrated technologies in a realistic operating environment to
assess the performance or cost reduction potential of advanced
technology.  Multiple validations may be required to assess different
applications for different regions.  This phase helps to expedite the
technology transition from the laboratory to operational use. 


SOLAR AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FUNDING,
FISCAL YEARS 1996 THROUGH 1998
========================================================== Appendix II



                                        Table II.1
                         
                           Solar Buildings Technology Activity
                                Funding, Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Solar buildings                           exploratory       engineering       tests/field
activity             Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Quality Assurance                 0                 0              $475                 0
Technology                        0                 0                 0              $425
 Deployment
Technology                        0            $1,025                 0                 0
 Development
=========================================================================================
Totals                            0            $1,025              $475              $425
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                        Table II.2
                         
                           Solar Buildings Technology Activity
                                Funding, Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Solar buildings                           exploratory       engineering       tests/field
activity             Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Quality Assurance                 0                 0              $350                 0
Technology                        0                 0                 0            $1,050
 Deployment
Technology                        0            $1,100                 0                 0
 Development
=========================================================================================
Totals                            0            $1,100              $350            $1,050
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                        Table II.3
                         
                           Solar Buildings Technology Activity
                                Funding, Fiscal Year 1998

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Solar buildings                           exploratory       engineering       tests/field
activity             Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Quality Assurance                 0                 0              $325                 0
Technology                        0                 0                 0            $1,525
 Deployment
Technology                        0            $1,350               800                 0
 Development
=========================================================================================
Totals                            0            $1,350            $1,125            $1,525
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                        Table II.4
                         
                           Photovoltaic Energy Systems Activity
                                Funding, Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Photovoltaic                              exploratory       engineering       tests/field
activity             Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Fundamental Research
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Measurement &                $4,945                 0                 0                 0
 Characterization
Basic Research/               5,000                 0                 0                 0
 University
 Programs
Advanced
 Materials &
 Devices
Thin Film                         0           $15,866                 0                 0
 Partnerships
Crystalline                       0             8,000                 0                 0
 Silicon/High
 Efficiency
 Devices
Collector
 Research &
 Systems
 Development
Manufacturing R&D                 0                 0            $8,200                 0
 (PVMaT)
System                            0                 0            12,900                 0
 Engineering &
 Reliability
PV Integrated                     0                 0             1,648                 0
 Building
 Opportunities
 (PV:BONUS)
Climate Change                    0                 0                 0            $5,000
 Action Plan (PV-
 COMPACT)
=========================================================================================
Totals                       $9,945           $23,866           $22,748            $5,000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                        Table II.5
                         
                           Photovoltaic Energy Systems Activity
                                Funding, Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Photovoltaic                              exploratory       engineering       tests/field
activity             Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Fundamental Research
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Measurement &                $5,000                 0                 0                 0
 Characterization
Basic Research/               5,000                 0                 0                 0
 University
 Programs
 Advanced
 Materials &
 Devices
Thin Film                         0           $16,000                 0                 0
 Partnerships
Crystalline                       0             8,000                 0                 0
 Silicon/High
 Efficiency
 Devices
Collector
 Research &
 Systems
 Development
Manufacturing R&D                 0                 0            $9,600                 0
 (PVMaT)
Systems                           0                 0            12,400                 0
 Engineering &
 Reliability
PV Integrated                     0                 0             1,000                 0
 Building
 Opportunities
 (PV:BONUS)
Climate Change                    0                 0                 0            $3,000
 Action Plan (PV-
 COMPACT)
=========================================================================================
Totals                      $10,000           $24,000           $23,000            $3,000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                        Table II.6
                         
                           Photovoltaic Energy Systems Activity
                                Funding, Fiscal Year 1998

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Photovoltaic                              exploratory       engineering       tests/field
activity             Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Fundamental Research
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Measurement &                $5,500                 0                 0                 0
 Characterization
Basic Research/               5,500                 0                 0                 0
 University
 Programs
Advanced
 Materials &
 Devices
Thin Film                         0           $20,000                 0                 0
 Partnerships
Crystalline                       0             8,000                 0                 0
 Silicon/High
 Efficiency
 Devices
Collector
 Research &
 Systems
 Development
Manufacturing R&D                 0                 0           $10,000                 0
 (PVMaT)
System                            0                 0            14,400                 0
 Engineering &
 Reliability
PV Integrated                     0                 0             4,000                 0
 Building
 Opportunities
 (PV:BONUS)
Climate Change                    0                 0                 0            $9,600
 Action Plan -
 (PV-COMPACT)
=========================================================================================
Totals                      $11,000           $28,000           $28,400            $9,600
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                        Table II.7
                         
                          Solar Thermal Energy Systems Activity
                                Funding, Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Solar thermal R&D                         exploratory       engineering       tests/field
activity             Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Thermal Systems                   0            $3,159            $3,500                 0
 Research/
 Thermal Systems
 Research
Power                             0                 0             2,500            $2,768
 Applications
 Research/Dish/
 Engine
 Development
Power                             0                 0                 0             4,640
 Applications
 Research/Power
 Tower
 Development
Power                             0                 0             1,520                 0
 Applications
 Research/SolMaT
 Initiative
Power                             0               450               450                 0
 Applications
 Research/
 Systems &
 Industrial
 Assistance
=========================================================================================
Totals                            0            $3,609            $7,970            $7,408
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                        Table II.8
                         
                          Solar Thermal Energy Systems Activity
                                Funding, Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Solar thermal R&D                         exploratory       engineering       tests/field
activity             Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Thermal Systems                   0            $3,800            $4,650                 0
 Research/
 Thermal Systems
 Research
Power                             0                 0             1,100            $3,200
 Applications
 Research/Dish/
 Engine
 Development
Power                             0                 0                 0             4,520
 Applications
 Research/Power
 Tower
 Development
Power                             0                 0             1,930                 0
 Applications
 Research/SolMaT
 Initiative
Power                             0             1,050             2,000                 0
 Applications
 Research/
 Systems &
 Industrial
 Assistance
=========================================================================================
Totals                            0            $4,850            $9,680            $7,720
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                        Table II.9
                         
                          Solar Thermal Energy Systems Activity
                                Funding, Fiscal Year 1998

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Solar thermal                             exploratory       engineering       tests/field
R&D activity         Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Thermal Systems                   0            $3,560            $4,360                 0
 Research/
 Thermal Systems
 Research
Power                             0                 0             1,820            $2,000
 Applications
 Research/Dish/
 Engine
 Development
Power                             0                 0                 0             4,550
 Applications
 Research/Power
 Tower
 Development
Power                             0                 0             1,880                 0
 Applications
 Research/SolMaT
 Initiative
Power                             0               700               730               200
 Applications
 Research/
 Systems &
 Industrial
 Assistance
=========================================================================================
Totals                            0            $4,260            $8,790            $6,750
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table II.10
                         
                             Biopower/Biofuels Energy Systems
                            Activity Funding, Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

Biopower/                                     Applied          Advanced
biofuels energy                             research/      development/       Operational
systems R&D                               exploratory       engineering       tests/field
activity             Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Biofuels Energy                   0           $15,944            $2,500              $650
 Systems/Ethanol
 Production
Biofuels Energy                   0               300                 0                 0
 Systems/
 Biodiesel
 Production
Biofuels Energy                   0             5,005                 0                 0
 Systems/
 Feedstock
 Production
Biofuels Energy                   0             3,806                 0                 0
 Systems/
 Regional Biomass
 Energy Program
Biofuels Energy                   0             1,775                 0                 0
 Systems/
 Thermochemical
 Conversion
Biopower Energy                   0             2,101                 0                 0
 Systems/
 Utility/
 Thermochemical
 Conversion
Systems                           0                 0             3,465            14,762
 Development
Biomass for                       0                 0             1,130                 0
 Cogeneration
Municipal Solid                   0                 0                 0             1,760
 Waste
=========================================================================================
Totals                            0           $28,931            $7,095           $17,172
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table II.11
                         
                             Biopower/Biofuels Energy Systems
                            Activity Funding, Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

Biopower/                                     Applied          Advanced
biofuels energy                             research/      development/       Operational
systems R&D                               exploratory       engineering       tests/field
activity             Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Biofuels Energy                   0           $16,320            $1,430            $5,000
 Systems/Ethanol
 Production
Biofuels Energy                   0               750                 0                 0
 Systems/
 Biodiesel
 Production
Biofuels Energy                   0             2,500                 0                 0
 Systems/
 Feedstock
 Production
Biofuels Energy                   0             1,650                 0                 0
 Systems/
 Regional Biomass
 Energy Program
Biofuels Energy                   0                 0                 0                 0
 Systems/
 Thermochemical
 Conversion
Biopower Energy                   0             1,435                 0                 0
 Systems/
 Utility/
 Thermochemical
 Conversion
Systems                           0                 0             4,096            14,444
 Development
Biomass for                       0                 0             4,000                 0
 Cogeneration
Feedstock                         0                 0             2,100                 0
 Production
Regional Program                  0                 0                 0             1,575
=========================================================================================
Totals                            0           $22,655           $11,626           $21,019
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table II.12
                         
                             Biopower/Biofuels Energy Systems
                            Activity Funding, Fiscal Year 1998

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

Biopower/                                     Applied          Advanced
biofuels energy                             research/      development/       Operational
systems R&D                               exploratory       engineering       tests/field
activity             Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Biofuels Energy                   0           $18,040            $1,000           $11,000
 Systems/Ethanol
 Production
Biofuels Energy                   0             1,000                 0                 0
 Systems/
 Biodiesel
 Production
Biofuels Energy                   0             4,300             1,700                 0
 Systems/
 Feedstock
 Production
Biofuels Energy                   0             1,650             1,350                 0
 Systems/
 Regional Biomass
 Energy Program
Biofuels Energy                   0                 0                 0                 0
 Systems/
 Thermochemical
 Conversion
Biopower Energy                   0             2,815                 0                 0
 Systems/
 Utility/
 Thermochemical
 Conversion
Systems                           0                 0            10,222            20,463
 Development
Biomass for                       0                 0             3,000                 0
 Cogeneration
=========================================================================================
Totals                            0           $27,805           $17,272           $31,463
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table II.13
                         
                          Wind Energy Systems Activity Funding,
                                     Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Wind program R&D                          exploratory       engineering       tests/field
activity             Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Applied Research/                 0            $5,850                 0                 0
 Core Research
Applied Research/                 0             1,800                 0                 0
 University
 Research
Applied Research/                 0               400              $350                 0
 Wind Hybrid
 Systems
Applied Research/                 0             1,500                 0                 0
 Avian Research
Turbine Research/                 0                 0             1,000                 0
 Near Term
 Research and
 Testing
Turbine Research/                 0                 0             5,840                 0
 Next Generation
 Turbine Project
Turbine Research/                 0                 0                 0                 0
 Small Wind
 Turbine Project
Turbine Research/                 0                 0             8,480                 0
 Supporting
 Research,
 Testing, and
 Management
Cooperative                       0                 0             3,050                 0
 Research and
 Testing/
 Industry Support
Cooperative                       0                 0               700                 0
 Research and
 Testing/
 Certification
 and Standards
Cooperative                       0                 0             1,200                 0
 Research and
 Testing/Utility
 Analysis
Cooperative                       0               400               850                 0
 Research and
 Testing/
 National Wind
 Technology
 Center
 Operations
=========================================================================================
Totals                            0            $9,950           $21,470                 0
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table II.14
                         
                          Wind Energy Systems Activity Funding,
                                     Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Wind program R&D                          exploratory       engineering       tests/field
activity             Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Applied Research/                 0            $9,340                 0                 0
 Core Research
Applied Research/                 0             1,200                 0                 0
 University
 Research
Applied Research/                 0               590              $500                 0
 Wind Hybrid
 Systems
Applied Research/                 0               570                 0                 0
 Avian Research
Turbine Research/                 0                 0                 0                 0
 Near Term
 Research and
 Testing
Turbine Research/                 0                 0                 0                 0
 Next Generation
 Turbine Project
Turbine Research/                 0                 0                 0                 0
 Small Wind
 Turbine Project
Turbine Research/                 0                 0             8,500                 0
 Supporting
 Research,
 Testing, and
 Management
Cooperative                       0                 0             3,850                 0
 Research and
 Testing/
 Industry Support
Cooperative                       0                 0             1,500                 0
 Research and
 Testing/
 Certification
 and Standards
Cooperative                       0                 0             1,450                 0
 Research and
 Testing/Utility
 Analysis
Cooperative                       0               500             1,000                 0
 Research and
 Testing/
 National Wind
 Technology
 Center
 Operations
=========================================================================================
Total                             0           $12,200           $16,800                 0
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table II.15
                         
                          Wind Energy Systems Activity Funding,
                                     Fiscal Year 1998

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Wind program R&D                          exploratory       engineering       tests/field
activity             Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Applied Research/                 0           $10,000                 0                 0
 Core Research
Applied Research/                 0             1,600                 0                 0
 University
 Research
Applied Research/                 0             1,000            $1,000                 0
 Wind Hybrid
 Systems
Applied Research/                 0               500                 0                 0
 Avian Research
Turbine Research/                 0                 0             4,000                 0
 Near Term
 Research and
 Testing
Turbine Research/                 0                 0             9,000                 0
 Next Generation
 Turbine Project
Turbine Research/                 0                 0             1,460                 0
 Small Wind
 Turbine Project
Turbine Research/                 0                 0             5,240                 0
 Supporting
 Research,
 Testing, and
 Management
Cooperative                       0                 0             4,358                 0
 Research and
 Testing/
 Industry Support
Cooperative                       0                 0             2,000                 0
 Research and
 Testing/
 Certification
 and Standards
Cooperative                       0                 0             1,400                 0
 Research and
 Testing/Utility
 Analysis
Cooperative                       0               300             1,000                 0
 Research and
 Testing/
 National Wind
 Technology
 Center
 Operations
=========================================================================================
Totals                            0           $13,400           $29,458                 0
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table II.16
                         
                         Geothermal Activity Funding, Fiscal Year
                                           1996

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Budget category/                          exploratory       engineering       tests/field
subcategory          Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Geothermal Electric
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exploration/                 $1,200            $4,800            $2,700                 0
 Production
 Technology
Drilling                        300             3,500             2,099                 0
 Technology
Hot Dry Rock                      0               700             1,200                 0
 Fenton Hill
 Experimental
 Site
Energy Conversion               300             2,700             2,200                 0
 Technology
Site Development                  0               400                 0            $2,000
 Activities
Geothermal Heat                 200               300             1,000             3,800
 Pumps
=========================================================================================
Totals                       $2,000           $12,400            $9,199            $5,800
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table II.17
                         
                         Geothermal Activity Funding, Fiscal Year
                                           1997

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Budget category/                          exploratory       engineering       tests/field
subcategory          Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Geothermal Electric
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exploration/                 $1,500            $5,200            $2,700                 0
 Production
 Technology
Drilling                        300             3,818             2,200                 0
 Technology
Hot Dry Rock                      0               400                 0                 0
 Fenton Hill
 Experimental
 Site
Energy Conversion               300             2,700             2,400                 0
 Technology
Site Development                  0                 0                 0            $2,000
 Activities
Geothermal Heat                 200               482             1,000             4,800
 Pumps
=========================================================================================
Totals                       $2,300           $12,600            $8,300            $6,800
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table II.18
                         
                         Geothermal Activity Funding, Fiscal Year
                                           1998

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Budget category/                          exploratory       engineering       tests/field
subcategory          Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Geothermal Electric
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exploration/                 $1,800            $6,200            $3,200                 0
 Production
 Technology
Drilling                        300             5,000             3,018                 0
 Technology
Hot Dry Rock                      0                 0                 0                 0
 Fenton Hill
 Experimental
 Site
Energy Conversion               300             4,000             2,700                 0
 Technology
Site Development                  0                 0                 0                 0
 Activities
Geothermal Heat                 200               282               500            $2,500
 Pumps
=========================================================================================
Totals                       $2,600           $15,482            $9,418            $2,500
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table II.19
                         
                          Hydrogen Activity Funding, Fiscal Year
                                           1996

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Budget category/                          exploratory       engineering       tests/field
subcategory          Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Research and Development
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Production                        0            $2,587            $1,907                 0
Storage                           0             1,333               760                 0
Utilization                       0               895             1,079                 0
Systems Analysis                  0                 0             3,409                 0
Technology                        0                 0                 0            $2,361
 Validation
=========================================================================================
Totals                            0            $4,815            $7,155            $2,361
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table II.20
                         
                          Hydrogen Activity Funding, Fiscal Year
                                           1997

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Budget category/                          exploratory       engineering       tests/field
subcategory          Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Research and Development
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Production                        0            $3,713            $1,411                 0
Storage                           0             1,557               485                 0
Utilization                       0               688             1,814                 0
Systems Analysis                  0                 0             2,404                 0
Technology                        0                 0                 0            $2,928
 Validation
=========================================================================================
Totals                            0            $5,958            $6,114            $2,928
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table II.21
                         
                          Hydrogen Activity Funding, Fiscal Year
                                           1998

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Budget category/                          exploratory       engineering       tests/field
subcategory          Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Research and Development
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Production                        0            $3,712            $1,411                 0
Storage                           0             1,558               485                 0
Utilization                       0               688             1,814                 0
Systems Analysis                  0                 0             2,404                 0
Technology                        0                 0                 0            $2,928
 Validation
=========================================================================================
Totals                            0            $5,958            $6,114            $2,928
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table II.22
                         
                         Hydropower Activity Funding, Fiscal Year
                                           1996

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Budget category/                          exploratory       engineering       tests/field
subcategory          Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Hydropower                        0            $1,483                 0                 0
 Development
=========================================================================================
Totals                            0            $1,483                 0                 0
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table II.23
                         
                         Hydropower Activity Funding, Fiscal Year
                                           1997

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Budget category/                          exploratory       engineering       tests/field
subcategory          Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Hydropower                        0            $1,000                 0                 0
 development
=========================================================================================
Totals                            0            $1,000                 0                 0
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table II.24
                         
                         Hydropower Activity Funding, Fiscal Year
                                           1998

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Budget category/                          exploratory       engineering       tests/field
subcategory          Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
Hydropower                        0            $1,000                 0                 0
 Development
=========================================================================================
Totals                            0            $1,000                 0                 0
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table II.25
                         
                           Electric Energy Systems and Storage
                            Activity Funding, Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Budget category/                          exploratory       engineering       tests/field
subcategory          Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
High-Temperature Superconductivity Research & Development
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Superconductivity                 0            $8,000                 0                 0
 Partnership
 Initiative
2nd Generation               $4,000                 0                 0                 0
 Wire Initiative
Strategic                     8,000             2,280                 0                 0
 Research
Energy Storage
 Research &
 Development
Integration                       0               312              $220              $225
Components                       65               290               365                 0
Analysis                          0               500                 0                 0
Electric &                        0             9,487                 0                 0
 Magnetic Fields
 Research &
 Development
=========================================================================================
Totals                      $12,065           $20,869              $585              $225
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table II.26
                         
                           Electric Energy Systems and Storage
                            Activity Funding, Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Budget category/                          exploratory       engineering       tests/field
subcategory          Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
High-Temperature Superconductivity Research & Development
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Superconductivity                 0            $9,500                 0                 0
 Partnership
 Initiative
2nd Generation               $5,000                 0                 0                 0
 Wire Initiative
Strategic                     4,000             1,250                 0                 0
 Research
Energy Storage
 Research &
 Development
Integration                       0               680              $385              $385
Components                        0               570               430                 0
Analysis                          0             1,550                 0                 0
Electric &                        0             8,000                 0                 0
 Magnetic Fields
 Research &
 Development
=========================================================================================
Totals                       $9,000           $21,550              $815              $385
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table II.27
                         
                           Electric Energy Systems and Storage
                            Activity Funding, Fiscal Year 1998

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                                              Applied          Advanced
                                            research/      development/       Operational
Budget category/                          exploratory       engineering       tests/field
subcategory          Basic research       development       development       validations
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------------
High-Temperature Superconductivity Research & Development
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Superconductivity                 0           $12,500            $2,000                 0
 Partnership
 Initiative
2nd Generation               $8,000                 0                 0                 0
 Wire Initiative
Strategic                     7,500             2,500                 0                 0
 Research
Energy Storage
 Research &
 Development
Integration                       0             1,020               520              $520
Components                      120               710               610                 0
Analysis                          0               500                 0                 0
Electric &                        0             8,000                 0                 0
 Magnetic Fields
 Research &
 Development
=========================================================================================
Totals                      $15,620           $25,230            $3,130              $520
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  The tables in this appendix were developed by GAO from data
provided by DOE. 


DOE'S DESCRIPTION OF NON-R&D SOLAR
AND RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAMS
========================================================= Appendix III

Non-R&D programs pay for federal salaries and benefits, federal
travel, the working capital fund for administrative services, and
other related expenses. 

National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL):  facility maintenance
and the third and last phase of construction to modify the Field Test
Laboratory Building. 

Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI):  authorized by section
1212 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 to provide incentive payments,
subject to the availability of appropriations, for electricity
produced by new renewable energy facilities that are owned by public
power entities.  The incentive is intended to provide comparability
with tax incentives that are available to private sector entities. 

Solar International:  Committee on Renewable Energy Commerce and
Trade (CORECT) is authorized by the Energy Policy and Cooperation
Act, as amended by the Energy Policy Act of 1992, to reduce the
barriers to the export of U.S.  renewable energy technologies. 

The Americas' 21st Century Program implements CORECT export
strategies in Latin America and the Asia-Pacific regions to
facilitate the use and incorporation of U.S.  renewable energy
technologies in grid and off-grid applications. 

The U.S.  Initiative on Joint Implementation supports voluntary
projects between two or more countries, leading to the implementation
of projects that reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gas
emissions. 

Solar Tech Transfer:  the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Clearinghouse (EREC) and the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Network (EREN) disseminate information to the general public and the
business community through a toll free telephone service and the
Internet. 

Climate Challenge:  facilitates voluntary actions by electric
utilities to reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gas emissions. 


TYPICAL COST-SHARE PARTNERSHIPS
FOR THE SOLAR AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
PROGRAM, FISCAL YEARS 1996 AND
1997
========================================================== Appendix IV



                                        Table IV.1
                         
                           Solar Buildings Technology Program,
                                     Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Primary
                         Laboratory                    cost-
Budget category/           inhouse/       Cost-share:  share     Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced      DOE/partners  type      (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  --------  ------------------------
Quality Assurance             0/100             65/35  Cash      Solar Rating &
                                                                 Certification Corp.

Technology                    50/50             70/30  In-kind   Sacramento Municipal
Deployment                                                       Utility District

Technology                    60/40             80/20  In-kind   National Renewable
Development                                                      Energy Laboratory,
                                                                 University of Wisconsin
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                        Table IV.2
                         
                           Solar Buildings Technology Program,
                                     Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Primary
                         Laboratory                    cost-
Budget category/           inhouse/       Cost-share:  share     Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced      DOE/partners  type      (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  --------  ------------------------
Quality Assurance             45/55             85/15  Cash      Solar Rating &
                                                                 Certification Corp.

Technology                    25/75             60/40  In-kind   National Association of
Deployment                                                       Homebuilders Research
                                                                 Center

Technology                    55/45             80/20  In-kind   Energy Laboratory, Inc.
Development
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                        Table IV.3
                         
                           Photovoltaic Energy Systems Program,
                                     Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Primary
                         Laboratory                    cost-
Budget category/           inhouse/       Cost-share:  share     Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced      DOE/partners  type      (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  --------  ------------------------
Fundamental Research
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Measurement and               100/0             100/0  \a        National Renewable
Characterization                                                 Energy Laboratory

Basic Research                60/40             100/0  \a        University of Utah
University
Programs

Advanced
Materials and
Devices

Thin Film                     36/64             70/30  Cash      Siemens Solar Industries
Partnerships

Crystalline                   63/37             100/0  \a        Research Triangle
Silicon/High                                                     Institute
Efficiency
Devices

Collector
Research and
Systems
Development

Manufacturing R&D              8/92             57/43  Cash      ASE Americas
(PVMaT)


System                        68/32             87/13  Cash      Southwest Technology
Engineering and                                                  Development Institute
Reliability


PV Integrated                 0/100             50/50  Cash      Energy Conversion
Building                                                         Devices, Inc.
Opportunities
(PV: BONUS)

Climate Change                0/100             50/50  Cash      Utility Photovoltaic
Action Plan (PV-                                                 Group
COMPACT)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a This activity was not cost-shared. 



                                     Table IV.4
                      
                        Photovoltaic Energy Systems Program,
                                  Fiscal Year 1997

                               (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Pr
                                                       im
                                                       ar
                                                       y
                                                       co
                                                       st
                                                       -
                                                       sh
                                                       ar
                         Laboratory                    e
Budget category/           inhouse/       Cost-share:  ty  Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced      DOE/partners  pe  (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  --  ------------------------
Fundamental Research
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Measurement and               100/0             100/0  \a  National Renewable
Characterization                                           Energy Laboratory

Basic Research                60/40             100/0  \a  Johns Hopkins University
University
Programs

Advanced
Materials &
Devices

Thin Film                     35/65             70/30  Ca  Solarex Corporation
Partnerships                                           sh

Crystalline                   60/40             100/0  \a  California Institute of
Silicon/High                                               Technology
Efficiency
Devices

Collector
Research and
Systems
Development

Manufacturing R&D              7/93             57/43  Ca  AstroPower, Inc.
(PVMaT)                                                sh

System                        68/32             90/10  Ca  New Mexico State
Engineering and                                        sh  University
Reliability

PV Integrated                 0/100             50/50  Ca  Solar Design Associates
Building                                               sh
Opportunities
(PV: BONUS)

Climate Change                0/100             30/70  Ca  Interstate Renewable
Action Plan (PV-                                       sh  Energy Council
COMPACT)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a This activity was not cost-shared. 



                                        Table IV.5
                         
                          Solar Thermal Energy Systems Program,
                                     Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Primary
                         Laboratory                    cost-
Budget category/           inhouse/       Cost-share:  share     Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced      DOE/partners  type      (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  --------  ------------------------
Thermal Systems               68/32              97/3  In-kind   3M, ELI
Research/Thermal
Systems Research

Power                          9/91             50/50  Cash      SAIC, Stirling Thermal
Applications                                                     Motors, Arizona Public
Research/Dish/                                                   Service
Engine
Development

Power                         18/82             50/50  Cash      Southern California
Applications                                                     Edison,
Research/Power                                                   Bechtel, Rockwell
Tower Development

Power                         12/88             20/80  Cash      SAIC, Rockwell,
Applications                                                     McDonnell Douglas
Research/SolMaT
Initiative

Power                         71/29             40/60  Cash      Kramer Junction, Harper
Applications                                                     Lake, Daggett Leasing
Research/Systems
and Industrial
Assistance
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                        Table IV.6
                         
                          Solar Thermal Energy Systems Program,
                                     Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Primary
                         Laboratory                    cost-
Budget category/           inhouse/       Cost-share:  share     Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced      DOE/partners  type      (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  --------  ------------------------
Thermal Systems               63/37              97/3  \a        3M, ELI
Research/Thermal
Systems Research

Power                         11/89             50/50  Cash      SAIC, Stirling Thermal
Applications                                                     Motors, Arizona Public
Research/Dish/                                                   Service
Engine
Development

Power                         30/70             50/50  Cash      Southern California
Applications                                                     Edison,
Research/Power                                                   Bechtel, Rockwell
Tower Development

Power                         17/83             25/75  Cash      SAIC, Rockwell,
Applications                                                     McDonnell Douglas
Research/SolMaT
Initiative

Power                         61/39             40/60  Cash      Kramer Junction, Harper
Applications                                                     Lake, Daggett Leasing
Research/Systems
and Industrial
Assistance
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a DOE did not identify the type of cost-share. 



                                     Table IV.7
                      
                          Biopower/Biofuels Energy Systems
                             Program, Fiscal Year 1996

                               (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Pr
                                                       im
                                                       ar
                                                       y
                                                       co
                                                       st
                                                       -
                                                       sh
                                                       ar
                         Laboratory                    e
Budget category/           inhouse/       Cost-share:  ty  Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced      DOE/partners  pe  (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  --  ------------------------
Biofuels Energy               67/33             76/24  In  Arkenol
Systems/Ethanol                                        -
Production                                             ki
                                                       nd

Biofuels Energy               34/66             69/31  Ca  USDA Office of Energy
Systems/                                               sh
Biodiesel
Production

Biofuels Energy               65/35             67/33  In  Oklahoma State
Systems/                                               -   University
Feedstock                                              ki
Production                                             nd

Biofuels Energy                1/99             30/70  Ca  Shirel Lumber Company
Systems/Regional                                       sh
Biomass Energy
Program

Biofuels Energy               100/0       Closeout of  \a  \a
Systems/                                      program
Thermochemical
Conversion

Thermochemical                89/11             100/0  \a  \a
Conversion

Systems                        7/93             56/44  Ca  Westinghouse, Hawaii
Development                                            sh  Cane &Sugar, Niagra
                                                           Mohawk, Minnesota Valley
                                                           Alfalfa Producers

Biomass for             OIT project                \b  \b  \b
Cogeneration

Municipal Solid         OIT project                \b  \b  \b
Waste
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a This activity was not cost-shared. 

\b Office of Industrial Technologies project.  DOE did not provide
any cost-share information. 



                                        Table IV.8
                         
                             Biopower/Biofuels Energy Systems
                                Program, Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Primary
                         Laboratory                    cost-
Budget category/           inhouse/       Cost-share:  share     Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced      DOE/partners  type      (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  --------  ------------------------
Biofuels Energy               60/40             24/76  In-kind   BC International
Systems/Ethanol
Production

Biofuels Energy               14/86             25/75  In-kind   Columbus Food, National
Systems/                                                         Biodiesel Board,
Biodiesel                                                        American Sightseeing
Production                                                       Company, Fats & Proteins
                                                                 Research Institute

Biofuels Energy               50/50             50/50  In-kind   U.S. Forest Service,
Systems/                                                         Northcentral Forest
Feedstock                                                        Experiment Station
Production

Biofuels Energy                1/99             20/80  In-kind   Applied Agricultural
Systems/Regional                                                 Technologies
Biomass Energy
Program

Thermochemical                100/0             100/0  \a        \a
Conversion

Systems                        9/91             45/55  Cash      \Westinghouse, Niagra
Development                                                      Mohawk, Minnesota Valley
                                                                 Alfalfa Producers, Iowa
                                                                 Electric

Biomass for             OIT program                \b  \b        \b
Cogeneration

Feedstock               OTT program                \c  \c        \c
Production

Regional Program        OTT program                \c  \c        \c
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a This activity was not cost-shared. 

\b Office of Industrial Technologies.  DOE did not provide any
cost-share information. 

\c Office of Transportation Technologies.  DOE did not provide any
cost-share information. 



                                        Table IV.9
                         
                         Wind Energy Systems Program, Fiscal Year
                                           1996

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Primary
                         Laboratory                    cost-
Budget category/           inhouse/       Cost-share:  share     Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced      DOE/partners  type      (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  --------  ------------------------
Applied Research/             74/26             100/0  \a        AWS Scientific, Embedded
Core Research                                                    Systems, Airfoils Inc.

Applied Research/             43/57             100/0  \a        North Carolina A&T,
University                                                       Georgia Tech University,
Research                                                         University of Illinois

Applied Research/              93/7             100/0  \a        University of
Wind Hybrid                                                      Massachusetts
Systems

Applied Research/             30/70             100/0  \a        University of
Avian Research                                                   California, WEST, Inc.

Turbine Research/             0/100             77/23  Cash      CannonWind Eagle, Zond,
Near Term                                                        R Lynette
Research and
Testing

Turbine Research/             0/100             70/30  Cash      Wind Turbine Co., Zond
Next Generation
Turbine Project

Turbine Research/             0/100             79/21  Cash      Windlite, CannonWind
Small Wind                                                       Eagle, World Power Tech,
Turbine Project                                                  Bergey Windpower

Turbine Research/              97/3             100/0  \a        Ohio State
Supporting
Research,
Testing, and
Management

Cooperative                   36/64             100/0  \a        American Wind Energy
Research and                                                     Association
Testing/Industry
Support

Cooperative                   100/0             100/0  \a        \a
Research and
Testing/
Certification and
Standards

Cooperative                   57/43             100/0  \a        Princeton Economic
Research and                                                     Research Incorporated,
Testing/Utility                                                  Electrotek, AWS
Analysis                                                         Scientific (U*WRAP)\b

Cooperative                   67/33             100/0  \a        Mountain Valley Energy
Research and
Testing/National
Wind Technology
Center Operations
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a This activity was not cost-shared. 

\b Utility Wind Resource Assessment Program (U*WRAP). 



                                       Table IV.10
                         
                         Wind Energy Systems Program, Fiscal Year
                                           1997

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Primary
                         Laboratory                    cost-
Budget category/           inhouse/       Cost-share:  share     Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced      DOE/partners  type      (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  --------  ------------------------
Applied Research/             53/47             100/0  \a        AWS Scientific, NASA,
Core Research                                                    Ames, Mech Dynamics,
                                                                 Dynamic Designs

Applied Research/             24/76             100/0  \a        North Carolina A&T
University
Research

Applied Research/             63/37             100/0  \a        University of
Wind Hybrid                                                      Massachusetts
Systems

Applied Research/             58/42             100/0  \a        Boise State University
Avian Research

Turbine Research/                \b                \b  \b        \b
Near Term
Research and
Testing

Turbine Research/                \b                \b  \b        \b
Next Generation
Turbine Project

Turbine Research/                \b                \b  \b        \b
Small Wind
Turbine Project

Turbine Research/             85/15             100/0  \a        McNiff Light Industry
Supporting
Research,
Testing, and
Management

Cooperative                   63/37             100/0  \a        American Wind Energy
Research and                                                     Association
Testing/Industry
Support

Cooperative                   71/29             100/0  \a        Underwriters Laboratory,
Research and                                                     American Wind Energy
Testing/                                                         Association
Certification and
Standards

Cooperative                   37/63             100/0  \a        Princeton Economic
Research and                                                     Research Incorporated,
Testing/Utility                                                  Utility Wind Interest
Analysis                                                         Group

Cooperative                   85/15             100/0  \a        Mountain Valley Energy
Research and
Testing/National
Wind Technology
Center Operations
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a This activity was not cost-shared. 

\b DOE did not provide data for turbine research subcontracts funded
from uncosted obligations balances in fiscal year 1997. 



                                       Table IV.11
                         
                           Geothermal Program, Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Primary
                         Laboratory                    cost-
Budget category/           inhouse/       Cost-share:  share     Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced      DOE/partners  type      (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  --------  ------------------------
Geothermal Electric
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exploration                   80/20             70/30  Both      Oxbow, CalEnergy,
Production                                                       Caithness, Far West,
Technology                                                       Unocal

Drilling                      75/25             75/25  Both      Halliburtton, AZ Grant,
Technology                                                       Baker Hughes, INTEQ,
                                                                 Security Diamond
                                                                 Products, Hughes
                                                                 Christensen, Unocal,
                                                                 Tonto, Schlumberger,
                                                                 International Logging

Hot Dry Rock                  35/65             100/0  \a        Project in closeout mode
Fenton Hill
Experimental Site

Energy Conversion             80/20             85/15  Both      CalEnergy, Pacific Gas &
Technology                                                       Electric, Unocal,
                                                                 Douglas Energy

Site Development              0/100             16/84  Cash      Unocal, Calpine Corp.,
Activities                                                       Northern California
                                                                 Power Agency, Pacific
                                                                 Gas & Electric

Geothermal Heat               15/85             33/67  Cash      Geothermal Heat Pump
Pumps                                                            Consortium--over 100
                                                                 member companies,
                                                                 consisting of utilities
                                                                 and service and
                                                                 equipment companies,
                                                                 Oklahoma State
                                                                 University
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a This activity was not cost-shared. 



                                       Table IV.12
                         
                           Geothermal Program, Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Primary
                         Laboratory                    cost-
Budget category/           inhouse/       Cost-share:  share     Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced      DOE/partners  type      (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  --------  ------------------------
Geothermal Electric
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exploration                   80/20             75/25  Both      Oxbow, CalEnergy,
Production                                                       Caithness, Far West,
Technology                                                       Unocal

Drilling                      70/30             70/30  Both      Halliburtton, AZ Grant,
Technology                                                       Baker Hughes INTEQ,
                                                                 Security Diamond
                                                                 Products, Hughes
                                                                 Christensen, Unocal,
                                                                 Tonto, Schlumberger,
                                                                 International Logging

Hot Dry Rock                  100/0             100/0  \a        \a
Fenton Hill
Experimental Site

Energy Conversion             80/20             85/15  Both      CalEnergy, Pacific Gas &
Technology                                                       Electric, Unocal,
                                                                 Douglas Energy

Site Development              0/100             16/84  Cash      Unocal, Calpine Corp.,
Activities                                                       Northern California
                                                                 Power Agency, Pacific
                                                                 Gas & Electric

Geothermal Heat               10/90             33/67  Cash      Geothermal Heat Pump
Pumps                                                            Consortium--over 100
                                                                 member companies,
                                                                 consisting of utilities
                                                                 and service and
                                                                 equipment companies,
                                                                 Oklahoma State
                                                                 University
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Project is being closed out. 



                                       Table IV.13
                         
                            Hydrogen Program, Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Primary
                         Laboratory                    cost-
Budget category/           inhouse/       Cost-share:  share     Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced      DOE/partners  type      (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  --------  ------------------------
Research and Development
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Production                    66/34             65/35  Cash      Texaco, Air Products,
                                                                 SRT Inc., Praxair

Storage                   68.5/31.5             65/35  In-kind   A.D. Little, Energy
                                                       and cash  Conversion Devices,
                                                                 Inc., Materials &
                                                                 Electrochemical Research
                                                                 Corp., Praxair

Utilization                   61/39             50/50  In-kind   International Fuel Cells
                                                                 Corp., DCH Technology,
                                                                 Inc.

Systems Analysis          32.6/67.4             75/25  Cash and  National Hydrogen
                                                       in-kind   Association, Sentech,
                                                                 Hydrogen Fuel Cell
                                                                 Letter, Directed
                                                                 Technologies, 122 West
                                                                 Longitude

Technology                38.5/61.5             50/50  Cash      City of Palm Desert,
Validation                                                       Dupont,
                                                                 Bluebird
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table IV.14
                         
                            Hydrogen Program, Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Primary
                         Laboratory                    cost-
Budget category/           inhouse/       Cost-share:  share     Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced      DOE/partners  type      (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  --------  ------------------------
Research and Development
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Production                    55/45             65/35  In-kind   Texaco, Air Products,
                                                                 SRT Group Inc., Praxair

Storage                       53/47             65/35  In-kind   Energy Conversion
                                                       and cash  Devices, Inc., A.D.
                                                                 Little, Materials &
                                                                 Electrochemical Research
                                                                 Corp., Praxair

Utilization                   47/53              95/5  In-kind   International Fuel Cell
                                                                 Corp., DCH Technology,
                                                                 Inc.

Systems Analysis              30/70             75/25  In-kind   National Hydrogen
                                                                 Association, Sentech,
                                                                 Hydrogen Fuel Cell
                                                                 Letter, Directed
                                                                 Technologies

Technology                    25/75             50/50  Cash and  Teledyne Brown,
Validation                                             in-kind   International Fuel Cell
                                                                 Corp., MC Power, Energy
                                                                 Conversion Devices, Inc.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table IV.15
                         
                           Hydropower Program, Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Primary
                         Laboratory                    cost-
Budget category/           inhouse/       Cost-share:  share     Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced      DOE/partners  type      (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  --------  ------------------------
Hydropower                    67/33             38/62  Cash      Voith Hydro, Inc.
Development
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table IV.16
                         
                           Hydropower Program, Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Primary
                         Laboratory                    cost-
Budget category/           inhouse/       Cost-share:  share     Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced      DOE/partners  type      (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  --------  ------------------------
Hydropower                    45/55             70/30  Cash      Alden Research
Development                                                      Laboratory
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table IV.17
                         
                            Electric Energy Systems & Storage
                                Program, Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Primary
                         Laboratory                    cost-
Budget category/           inhouse/       Cost-share:  share     Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced      DOE/partners  type      (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  --------  ------------------------
High-Temperature Superconductivity Research & Development
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Superconductivity             100/0             50/50  Cash      Electric Power Research
Partnership                                                      Institute, Reliance,
Initiative                                                       Lockheed Martin

2nd Generation                100/0             50/50  Cash      Midwest
Wire Initiative                                                  Superconductivity

Strategic                     90/10             50/50  Cash      American Superconductor,
Research                                                         Intermagnetics General,
                                                                 Southwire

Energy Storage
Research &
Development

Integration                   28/72             50/50  50 -      GNB Technologies
                                                       cash
                                                       and
                                                       50 -in-
                                                       kind

Components                    62/38             85/15  50 -      JCI, ZBB
                                                       cash and
                                                       50 -in-
                                                       kind

Analysis                      69/31             100/0  \a        Frost & Sullivan

Electric and                  56/44             73/27  Cash      The member companies\c
Magnetic Fields                              (RAPID\b            of EEI, APPA, NRECA, and
Research &                                  is 50/50)            NEMA
Development
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a This activity was not cost-shared. 

\b Represents the cost-share ratio for the Research and Public
Information Dissemination portion of this activity. 

\c Edison Electric Institute (EEI), American Public Power Association
(APPA), National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA), and
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). 



                                       Table IV.18
                         
                            Electric Energy Systems & Storage
                                Program, Fiscal year 1997

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Primary
                         Laboratory                    cost-
Budget category/           inhouse/       Cost-share:  share     Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced      DOE/partners  type      (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  --------  ------------------------
High-temperature Superconductivity Research & Development
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Superconductivity             100/0             50/50  Cash      Electric Power Research
Partnership                                                      Institute, Reliance,
Initiative                                                       Lockheed Martin

2nd Generation                100/0             50/50  Cash      3M, Midwest
Wire Initiative                                                  Superconductivity

Strategic                      95/5             50/50  Cash      American Superconductor,
Research                                                         Intermagnetics General,
                                                                 Waukeshau Electric

Energy Storage
Research &
Development

Integration                   12/88             50/50  50 -      AC Battery Corp.,
                                                       cash      Virginia Power
                                                       and
                                                       50 -in
                                                       kind

Components                    29/71             85/15  50 -      JCI, ZBB
                                                       cash and
                                                       50 -in-
                                                       kind

Analysis                      26/74             100/0  \a        Energetics

Electric &                    48/52             67/33  Cash      The member companies\c
Magnetic Fields                              (RAPID\b            of EEI, APPA, NRECA, and
Research &                                  is 50/50)            NEMA
Development
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  The tables in this appendix were developed by GAO from data
provided by DOE. 

\a This activity was not cost-shared. 

\b Represents the cost-share ratio for the Research and Public
Information Dissemination portion of this activity. 

\c Edison Electric Institute (EEI), American Public Power Association
(APPA), National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA), and
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). 


SOLAR RENEWABLE ENERGY FUNDING TO
TRADE ASSOCIATIONS
=========================================================== Appendix V



                                        Table V.1
                         
                          Funding to Trade Associations, Fiscal
                                   Years 1996 and 1997

                                  (Dollars in thousands)

                      Fiscal year
                        funding
                   ------------------
Trade association      1996      1997  Subprogram                Purpose of funding
-----------------  --------  --------  ------------------------  ------------------------
Solar Energy         $844\a    $856\a  Solar Thermal and         Sponsor conferences,
Industries                             Photovoltaic Energy       print publications,
Association                            Systems                   promote use of
                                                                 photovoltaics, conduct
                                                                 market analyses, and
                                                                 coordinate industry
                                                                 activities.

Association of            0        39  Hydropower                Assist DOE in conduct of
State Dam Safety                                                 state hydropower
Officials                                                        resource assessments and
                                                                 coordinate with state
                                                                 agencies.

National Hydrogen       339       247  Hydrogen                  Evaluate new technology
Association                                                      and sponsor conferences
                                                                 on new processes and
                                                                 technology.

National                238       275  Biopower/Biofuels Energy  Promote the deployment
Bioenergy                              Systems\b                 of biomass power
Industries                                                       technology.
Association

United Bioenergy        175         0  Biopower/Biofuels Energy  Encourage the
Commercialization                      Systems\b                 development of biomass
Association                                                      resources.

Biomass Energy           50        50  Biopower/                 Inform the public about
Alliance                               Biofuels Energy           biomass energy and
                                       Systems\b                 disseminate information.

Geothermal Heat       3,200     4,200  Geothermal                Provide deployment
Pump Consortium                                                  materials, limited R&D,
                                                                 data collection, and
                                                                 pilot demonstration
                                                                 grants for utilities.

Geothermal Energy       270       350  Geothermal                Foster communication,
Association                                                      education, and training
                                                                 among companies of the
                                                                 U.S. geothermal industry
                                                                 and facilitate exports.

Geothermal              147       155  Geothermal                Develop and convene
Resources Council                                                special meetings,
                                                                 workshops, conferences,
                                                                 and courses pertaining
                                                                 to geothermal
                                                                 exploration,
                                                                 development, and
                                                                 utilization.

Energy Storage            0        40  Electric Energy Storage   Prepare white papers on
Association                            Systems                   the use of energy
                                                                 storage in renewable
                                                                 systems.

American Wind           656       661  Wind Energy Systems       Disseminate information
Energy                                                           to the wind industry and
Association                                                      facilitate export of
                                                                 wind products and
                                                                 services.

Total                $5,919    $6,873
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a The fiscal year 1996 amount is comprised of $256,000 from Solar
Thermal and $588,000 from Photovoltaics; the fiscal year 1997 amount
is comprised of $256,000 from Solar Thermal and $600,000 from
Photovoltaics. 

\b The services were performed for DOE's Biomass activity. 

Source:  Developed by GAO from DOE's data. 


COMPETITION FOR SOLAR AND
RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAM
PROCUREMENTS, FISCAL YEARS 1996
AND 1997
========================================================== Appendix VI



                                        Table VI.1
                         
                           Solar Buildings Technology Program,
                                     Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Competitiv
                         Laboratory  Primary                   e/
Budget category/           inhouse/  procurement       noncompeti  Typical partners
subcategory\a          outsourced\b  mechanism(s)\           tive  (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------  ----------------------
Quality                       0/100  Grant                  50/50  Solar Rating &
Assurance\c                                                        Certification Corp.

Technology                    50/50  Grant                  50/50  Sacramento Municipal
Deployment\d                                                       Utility District

Technology                    60/40  Grant                  100/0  National Renewable
Development                                                        Energy Laboratory,
                                                                   University of
                                                                   Wisconsin
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Information in this table is typical of work performed and may be
based on a typical project for each category.  Outsourced includes
interagency fund transfers, procurements through DOE entities, and
laboratory subcontracts.  Contracts with entities that operate the
national laboratories are competitive and are shown in the
competitive/noncompetitive column.  Fiscal year 1996 data represent
actual program implementation; fiscal year 1997 data represent a mix
of implemented and planned, since some work is in the procurement
process. 

\b Refers to funding agreements through contracts, subcontracts,
grants, cooperative agreements, and CRADAs. 

\c Quality Assurance:  Rationale for major noncompetitive
procurement:  The Solar Rating & Certification Corp.  is a nonprofit
organization established by the solar industry to develop standards
by which solar water and solar pool heating systems can be rated. 
DOE has supported the development of tests by which the systems can
be certified as meeting minimum standards of durability, reliability,
safety, and operation.  One task was the development of a computer
model that simulated the testing of a solar water heating system;
which involves determining the thermal efficiency, operating
characteristics, and required electrical power to drive the system. 

\d Technology Deployment:  Rationale for major noncompetitive
procurement:  The Sacramento Municipal Utility District initiated a
program to sell solar water systems to their customers.  DOE provided
funds for technical assistance and instrumentation for a small number
of those systems. 



                                        Table VI.2
                         
                           Solar Buildings Technology Program,
                                     Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Competitiv
                         Laboratory  Primary                   e/
Budget category/           inhouse/  procurement       noncompeti  Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced  mechanism(s)            tive  (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------  ----------------------
Quality                       45/55  Grant                  60/40  Solar Rating &
Assurance\a                                                        Certification Corp.

Technology                    25/75  Request for            70/30  National Association
Deployment\b                         proposals                     of Homebuilders
                                                                   Research Center

Technology                    55/45  Request for            80/20  Energy Laboratory,
Development\c                        proposals,                    Inc.
                                     grants, and
                                     CRADAs
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Quality Assurance:  Rationale for major noncompetitive
procurement:  The Solar Rating & Certification Corp.  is a nonprofit
organization established by the solar industry to develop a set of
standards by which solar water and solar pool heating systems can be
rated.  DOE is supporting a task that will develop a methodology to
determine the ability of solar water and solar pool heating systems
installed on roofs to withstand hurricane winds. 

\b Technology Deployment:  Rationale for major noncompetitive
procurement:  DOE is working with industry associations (e.g., the
National Association of Homebuilders Research Center, National Spa
and Pool Institute, and Solar Energy Industries Association) to hold
workshops, conduct surveys, and develop materials that will educate
homebuilders, pool builders, and utilities about the benefits of
solar energy.  This is expected to lead to cooperative projects with
several builders and utilities.  DOE would then provide technical
information and instrumentation for selected field projects and share
the costs of field validation projects. 

\c Technology Development:  Rationale for major noncompetitive
procurement:  DOE has cooperative research and development agreements
with companies developing a new selective-absorbing coating for solar
collectors and a new low-cost solar water heating system. 



                                        Table VI.3
                         
                           Photovoltaic Energy Systems Program,
                                     Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Competitiv
                         Laboratory  Primary                   e/
Budget category/           inhouse/  procurement       noncompeti  Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced  mechanism(s)          tive\a  (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------  ----------------------
Fundamental Research
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Measurement &                 100/0  \b                     100/0  National Renewable
Characterization                                                   Energy Laboratory

Basic Research/               60/40  Competitive            100/0  University of Utah
University                           request for
Programs                             proposal (RFP)

Advanced
Materials &
Devices

Thin Film                     36/64  Competitive RFP         96/4  Siemens Solar
Partnerships                                                       Industries

Crystalline                   63/37  Competitive RFP         94/6  Research Triangle
Silicon/High                                                       Institute
Efficiency
Devices

Collector
Research &
Systems
Development

Manufacturing R&D              8/92  Competitive RFP        100/0  ASE Americas
(PVMaT)

System                        68/32  Competitive RFP        84/16  Southwest Technology
Engineering &                                                      Development Institute
Reliability

PV Integrated                 0/100  Competitive RFP        100/0  Energy Conversion
Building                                                           Devices, Inc.
Opportunities
(PV: BONUS)

Climate Change                0/100  Competitive RFP        80/20  Utility Photovoltaic
Action Plan (PV-                                                   Group
COMPACT)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Major noncompetitive procurements typically are unique or special
projects initiated through unsolicited proposals or are unique
projects specified through congressional appropriations. 

\b The procurement mechanism was not identified by DOE. 



                                        Table VI.4
                         
                           Photovoltaic Energy Systems Program,
                                     Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Competitiv
                         Laboratory  Primary                   e/
Budget category/           inhouse/  procurement       noncompeti  Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced  mechanism(s)          tive\a  (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------  ----------------------
Fundamental Research
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Measurement &                 100/0  \b                     100/0  National Renewable
Characterization                                                   Energy Laboratory

Basic Research/               60/40  Competitive            100/0  Johns Hopkins
University                           request for                   University
Programs                             proposal (RFP)

Advanced
Materials &
Devices

Thin Film                     35/65  Competitive RFP         96/4  Solarex Corporation
Partnerships

Crystalline                   60/40  Competitive RFP         94/6  California Institute
Silicon/High                                                       of Technology
Efficiency
Devices

Collector
Research &
Systems
Development

Manufacturing R&D              7/93  Competitive RFP        100/0  AstroPower, Inc.
(PVMaT)

System                        68/32  Competitive RFP        79/21  New Mexico State
Engineering &                                                      University
Reliability

PV Integrated                 0/100  Competitive RFP        100/0  Solar Design
Building                                                           Associates
Opportunities
(PV: BONUS)

Climate Change                0/100  Competitive RFP        80/20  Interstate Renewable
Action Plan (PV-                                                   Energy Council
COMPACT)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Major noncompetitive procurements are typically the result of
unsolicited proposals for highly specialized or unique work or for
unique projects specified in congressional appropriations. 

\b The procurement mechanism was not identified by DOE. 



                                        Table VI.5
                         
                          Solar Thermal Energy Systems Program,
                                     Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Competitiv
                         Laboratory  Primary                   e/
Budget category/           inhouse/  procurement       noncompeti  Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced  mechanism(s)            tive  (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------  ----------------------
Thermal Systems               68/32  Laboratory              98/2  3M, ELI
Research/Thermal                     subcontracts,
Systems Research                     CRADAs

Power                          9/91  Laboratory             100/0  SAIC, Stirling Thermal
Applications                         subcontracts                  Motors, Arizona Public
Research/Dish/                                                     Service
Engine
Development

Power                         18/82  Cooperative            18/82  Southern California
Applications                         agreement                     Edison, Bechtel,
Research/Power                                                     Rockwell
Tower
Development\a

Power                         12/88  Laboratory             100/0  SAIC, Rockwell,
Applications                         subcontracts                  McDonnell Douglas
Research/SolMaT
Initiative

Power                         71/29  Laboratory             90/10  Kramer Junction,
Applications                         subcontracts                  Harper Lake, Daggett
Research/Systems                                                   Leasing
& Industrial
Assistance
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Rationale for major noncompetitive procurements:  The Solar Two
Project (under Power Tower Development) was initiated by a consortium
of U.S.  utilities to retrofit the existing 10 MWe Solar One Power
Tower Pilot Plant to add molten-salt storage capability.  Although
noncompetitive, the consortium actively solicited membership and no
interested industry participant was excluded.  The consortium members
had unique resources and expertise and prior experience with Solar
One. 



                                        Table VI.6
                         
                          Solar Thermal Energy Systems Program,
                                     Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Competitiv
                         Laboratory  Primary                   e/
Budget category/           inhouse/  procurement       noncompeti  Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced  mechanism(s)            tive  (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------  ----------------------
Thermal Systems               63/37  Laboratory              98/2  3M, ELI
Research/Thermal                     subcontracts,
Systems Research                     CRADAs

Power                         11/89  Laboratory             100/0  SAIC, Stirling Thermal
Applications                         subcontracts                  Motors, Arizona Public
Research/Dish/                                                     Service
Engine
Development

Power                         30/70  Cooperative            30/70  Southern California
Applications                         agreement                     Edison, Bechtel,
Research/Power                                                     Rockwell
Tower
Development\a

Power                         17/83  Laboratory             100/0  SAIC, Rockwell,
Applications                         subcontracts                  McDonnell Douglas
Research/SolMaT
Initiative

Power                         61/39  Laboratory             88/12  Kramer Junction,
Applications                         subcontracts,                 Harper Lake, Daggett
Research/Systems                     CRADAs                        Leasing
& Industrial
Assistance
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Rationale for major noncompetitive procurements:  The Solar Two
Project (under Power Tower Development) was initiated by a consortium
of U.S.  utilities to retrofit the existing 10 MWe Solar One Power
Tower Pilot Plant to add molten-salt storage capability.  Although
noncompetitive, the consortium actively solicited membership and no
interested industry participant was excluded.  The consortium members
had unique resources and expertise and prior experience with Solar
One. 



                                        Table VI.7
                         
                             Biopower/Biofuels Energy Systems
                                Program, Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Competitiv
                         Laboratory  Primary                   e/
Budget category/           inhouse/  procurement       noncompeti  Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced  mechanism(s)            tive  (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------  ----------------------
Biofuels Energy               67/33  Contract,              70/30  Arkenol
Systems/Ethanol                      cooperative
Production                           agreements

Biofuels Energy               34/66  Contracts,             34/66  USDA Office of Energy
Systems/                             cooperative
Biodiesel                            agreements
Production\a

Biofuels Energy               65/35  Contracts/             85/15  Oklahoma State
Systems/                             laboratory                    University
Feedstock                            subcontracts
Production

Biofuels Energy                1/99  Interagency            34/66  Shirel Lumber Company
Systems/Regional                     agreements,
Biomass Energy                       grants,
Program\b                            contracts

Biofuels Energy               100/0  Contract               100/0  Closeout of program
Systems/
Thermochemical
Conversion

Thermochemical                89/11  Contract               100/0  \d
Conversion

Systems                        7/93  Contract               51/49  Westinghouse, Hawaii
Development\c                                                      Cane & Sugar, Niagra
                                                                   Mohawk, Minnesota
                                                                   Valley Alfalfa
                                                                   Producers

Biomass for             OIT project  \d                        \d  \d
Cogeneration

Municipal Solid         OIT project  \d                        \d  \d
Waste
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Major noncompetitive procurements in the Biofuels/Biodiesel
subcategory were small projects involving companies with unique
capabilities together with cost-share opportunities. 

\b Major noncompetitive procurements for Regional Program, highly
leveraged (cost-share) projects, addressing regional, state and local
interests were identified and supported with state energy offices and
the private sector involvement. 

\c Major noncompetitive procurements for Hawaii Direct Gasifier and
Vermont Indirect Gasifier projects were one of a kind opportunities
to demonstrate technologies and were awarded noncompetitively. 

\d Office of Industrial Technologies project.  DOE did not provide
any procurement information. 



                                        Table VI.8
                         
                             Biopower/Biofuels Energy Systems
                                Program, Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Competitiv
                         Laboratory  Primary                   e/
Budget category/           inhouse/  procurement       noncompeti  Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced  mechanism(s)            tive  (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------  ----------------------
Biofuels Energy               60/40  Contracts,             65/35  BC International
Systems/Ethanol                      cooperative
Production                           agreements

Biofuels Energy               14/86  Contract,              40/60  Columbus Food,
Systems/                             laboratory                    National Biodiesel
Biodiesel                            subcontracts                  Board, American
Production\a                                                       Sightseeing Company,
                                                                   Fats & Proteins
                                                                   Research Institute

Biofuels Energy               50/50  Contract,              85/15  U.S. Forest Service,
Systems/                             laboratory                    Northcentral Forest
Feedstock                            subcontracts                  Experiment Station
Production

Biofuels Energy                1/99  Interagency            35/65  Applied Agricultural
Systems/Regional                     agreements,                   Technologies
Biomass Energy                       contracts,
Program\b                            cooperative
                                     agreements,
                                     grants

Thermochemical                100/0  Management &           100/0  \c
Conversion                           operating
                                     contract

Systems                        9/91  Contract               50/50  Westinghouse, Niagra
Development\d                                                      Mohawk, Minnesota
                                                                   Valley Alfalfa
                                                                   Producers, Iowa
                                                                   Electric

Biomass for             OIT program  \e                        \e  \e
Cogeneration

Feedstock               OTT program  \f                        \f  \f
Production

Regional Program        OTT program  \f                        \f  \f
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Major noncompetitive procurements for the Biodiesel subcategory
supported projects in which the proposers had unique capabilities and
there was cost-sharing needed by the program. 

\b Major noncompetitive procurements for the Regional Biomass Energy
Program focus on regional, state, and local opportunities, identified
and co-funded with state and local agencies and the private sector. 

\c The work was performed inhouse. 

\d Major noncompetitive procurements for Hawaii Direct Gasifier and
Vermont Indirect Gasifier projects were one of a kind opportunities
to demonstrate technologies and were awarded noncompetitively. 

\e Office of Industrial Technologies program.  DOE did not provide
any procurement information. 

\f Office of Transportation Technologies.  DOE did not provide any
procurement information. 



                                        Table VI.9
                         
                         Wind Energy Systems Program, Fiscal Year
                                           1996

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Competitiv
                         Laboratory  Primary                   e/
Budget category/           inhouse/  procurement       noncompeti  Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced  mechanism(s)            tive  (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------  ----------------------
Applied Research/             74/26  Subcontract            18/82  AWS Scientific,
Core Research                                                      Embedded Systems,
                                                                   Airfoils, Inc.

Applied Research/             43/57  Subcontract            100/0  North Carolina A&T,
University                                                         Georgia Tech
Research                                                           University, University
                                                                   of Illinois

Applied Research/              93/7  Subcontract            0/100  University of
Wind Hybrid                                                        Massachusetts
Systems

Applied Research/             30/70  Subcontract            90/10  University of
Avian Research                                                     California, WEST, Inc.

Turbine Research/             0/100  Subcontract            100/0  Cannon/Wind Eagle,
Near Term                                                          Zond, R Lynette
Research and
Testing

Turbine Research/             0/100  Subcontract            100/0  Wind Turbine Co, Zond
Next Generation
Turbine Project

Turbine Research/             0/100  Subcontract            100/0  Windlite, Cannon/Wind
Small Wind                                                         Eagle, World Power
Turbine Project                                                    Tech, Bergey Windpower

Turbine Research/              97/3  Subcontract            100/0  Ohio State
Supporting
Research,
Testing, and
Management

Cooperative                   36/64  Subcontract            14/86  American Wind Energy
Research and                                                       Association
Testing/Industry
Support

Cooperative                   100/0  \a                        \a  \a
Research and
Testing/
Certification and
Standards

Cooperative                   57/43  Subcontract            0/100  Princeton Economic
Research and                                                       Research Incorporated,
Testing/Utility                                                    Electrotek, AWS
Analysis                                                           Scientific (U*WRAP)\b

Cooperative                   67/33  Subcontract            100/0  Mountain Valley Energy
Research and
Testing/National
Wind Technology
Center Operations
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a The work was performed inhouse. 

\b Utility Wind Resource Assessment Program (U*WRAP). 



                                       Table VI.10
                         
                         Wind Energy Systems Program, Fiscal Year
                                           1997

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Competitiv
                         Laboratory  Primary           e/
Budget category/           inhouse/  procurement       noncompeti  Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced  mechanism(s)      tive        (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------  ----------------------
Applied Research/             53/47  Subcontract       13/87       AWS Scientific, NASA
Core Research                                                      Ames, Mech Dynamics,
                                                                   Dynamic Designs

Applied Research/             24/76  Subcontract       100/0       North Carolina A&T
University
Research

Applied Research/             63/37  Subcontract       41/59       University of
Wind Hybrid                                                        Massachusetts
Systems

Applied Research/             58/42  Subcontract       38/62       Boise State University
Avian Research

Turbine Research/                \a  \a                \a          \a
Near Term
Research and
Testing

Turbine Research/                \a  \a                \a          \a
Next Generation
Turbine Project

Turbine Research/                \a  \a                \a          \a
Small Wind
Turbine Project

Turbine Research/             85/15  Subcontract       100/0       McNiff Light Industry
Supporting
Research,
Testing, and
Management

Cooperative                   63/37  Subcontract       12/88       American Wind Energy
Research and                                                       Association
Testing/Industry
Support

Cooperative                   71/29  Subcontract       33/67       Underwriters
Research and                                                       Laboratory, American
Testing/                                                           Wind Energy
Certification and                                                  Association
Standards

Cooperative                   37/63  Subcontract       45/55       Princeton Economic
Research and                                                       Research Incorporated,
Testing/Utility                                                    Utility Wind Interest
Analysis                                                           Group

Cooperative                   85/15  Subcontract       41/59       Mountain Valley Energy
Research and
Testing/National
Wind Technology
Center Operations
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a DOE did not provide procurement information for the turbine
research subcontracts funded from uncosted obligations balances in
fiscal year 1997. 



                                       Table VI.11
                         
                           Geothermal Program, Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Competitiv
                         Laboratory  Primary                   e/
Budget category/           inhouse/  procurement       noncompeti  Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced  mechanism(s)            tive  (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------  ----------------------
Geothermal Electric
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exploration/                  80/20  Grants,                 95/5  Oxbow, CalEnergy,
Production                           contracts                     Caithness, Far West,
Technology                                                         Unocal

Drilling                      80/20  Contracts              85/15  Halliburtton, AZ
Technology                                                         Grant, Baker Hughes
                                                                   INTEQ, Security
                                                                   Diamond Products,
                                                                   Hughes Christensen,
                                                                   Unocal, Tonto,
                                                                   Schlumberger,
                                                                   International Logging

Hot Dry Rock                  50/50  Contracts               95/5  Project in closeout
Fenton Hill                                                        mode.
Experimental Site

Energy Conversion             80/20  Contract                95/5  CalEnergy, Pacific Gas
Technology                                                         & Electric, Unocal,
                                                                   Douglas Energy

Site Development              0/100  Grants,                0/100  Unocal, Calpine Corp.,
Activities                           cooperative                   Northern California
                                     agreements                    Power Agency, Pacific
                                                                   Gas & Electric

Geothermal Heat               80/20  Grants,                 95/5  Geothermal Heat Pump
Pumps                                cooperative                   Consortium--over 100
                                     agreements                    member companies,
                                                                   consisting of
                                                                   utilities and service
                                                                   and equipment
                                                                   companies.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table VI.12
                         
                           Geothermal Program, Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Competitiv
                         Laboratory  Primary                   e/
Budget category/           inhouse/  procurement       noncompeti  Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced  mechanism(s)            tive  (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------  ----------------------
Geothermal Electric
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exploration/                  80/20  Grants,                 95/5  Oxbow, CalEnergy,
Production                           contracts                     Caithness, Far West,
Technology                                                         Unocal

Drilling                      80/20  Contracts              90/10  Halliburtton, AZ
Technology                                                         Grant, Baker Hughes
                                                                   INTEQ, Security
                                                                   Diamond Products,
                                                                   Hughes Christensen,
                                                                   Unocal, Tonto,
                                                                   Schlumberger,
                                                                   International Logging

Hot Dry Rock                  50/50  Contracts               95/5  Project in Closeout
Fenton Hill                                                        mode.
Experimental Site

Energy Conversion             80/20  Contract                95/5  CalEnergy, Pacific Gas
Technology                                                         & Electric, Unocal,
                                                                   Douglas Energy

Site Development              0/100  Grant                  0/100  Unocal, Calpine Corp.,
Activities                                                         Northern California
                                                                   Power Agency, Pacific
                                                                   Gas & Electric

Geothermal Heat 8            0/20 G  rant 9                 5/5 G  eothermal Heat Pump
Pumps                                                              Consortium--over 100
                                                                   member companies,
                                                                   consisting of
                                                                   utilities and service
                                                                   and equipment
                                                                   companies.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table VI.13
                         
                            Hydrogen Program, Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Competitiv
                         Laboratory  Primary                   e/
Budget category/           inhouse/  procurement       noncompeti  Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced  mechanism(s)            tive  (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------  ----------------------
Research and Development
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Production                    66/34  Solicitation            95/5  Texaco, Air Products,
                                                                   SRT Inc., Praxair

Storage                   68.5/31.5  Solicitation           100/0  A.D. Little, Energy
                                                                   Conversion Devices,
                                                                   Inc., Materials &
                                                                   Electrochemical
                                                                   Research Corp.,
                                                                   Praxair

Utilization                   61/39  Solicitation           100/0  International Fuel
                                                                   Cells Corp., DCH
                                                                   Technology, Inc.

Systems Analysis          32.6/67.4  Solicitation           85/15  National Hydrogen
                                                                   Association, Sentech,
                                                                   Hydrogen Fuel Cell
                                                                   Letter, Directed
                                                                   Technologies, 122 West
                                                                   Longitude

Technology                38.5/61.5  Solicitation           100/0  City of Palm Desert,
Validation                                                         Dupont, Bluebird
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table VI.14
                         
                            Hydrogen Program, Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Competitiv
                         Laboratory  Primary                   e/
Budget category/           inhouse/  procurement       noncompeti  Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced  mechanism(s)            tive  (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------  ----------------------
Research and Development
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Production                    55/45  Solicitation            95/5  Texaco, Air Products,
                                                                   SRT Inc., Praxair

Storage                       53/47  Solicitation           100/0  Energy Conversion
                                                                   Devices, Inc., A.D.
                                                                   Little, Materials &
                                                                   Electrochemical
                                                                   Research Corp.,
                                                                   Praxair

Utilization                   47/53  Solicitation            95/5  International Fuel
                                                                   Cell Corp., DCH
                                                                   Technology Inc.

Systems Analysis              30/70  Solicitation           85/15  National Hydrogen
                                                                   Association, Sentech,
                                                                   Hydrogen Fuel Cell
                                                                   Letter, Directed
                                                                   Technologies

Technology                    25/75  solicitation           100/0  Teledyne Brown,
Validation                                                         International Fuel
                                                                   Cell Corp., MC Power,
                                                                   Energy Conversion
                                                                   Devices, Inc.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table VI.15
                         
                           Hydropower Program, Fiscal Year 1996

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Competitiv
                         Laboratory  Primary                   e/
Budget category/           inhouse/  procurement       noncompeti  Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced  mechanism(s)            tive  (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------  ----------------------
Hydropower                    67/33  Competitive             97/3  Voith Hydro, Inc.
Development
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       Table VI.16
                         
                           Hydropower Program, Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Competitiv
                         Laboratory  Primary                   e/
Budget category/           inhouse/  procurement       noncompeti  Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced  mechanism(s)            tive  (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------  ----------------------
Hydropower                    45/55  Competitive            84/16  Alden Research
Development                                                        Laboratory
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                   Table VI.17
                     
                       Electric Energy Systems and Storage
                            Program, Fiscal Year 1996

                              (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Competitiv  Typical
                         Laboratory  Primary                   e/  partners
Budget category/           inhouse/  procurement       noncompeti  (company
subcategory              outsourced  mechanism(s)            tive  names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------  -------------
High-Temperature Superconductivity Research & Development
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Superconductivity             80/20  Cooperative            100/0  Electric
Partnership\a                        agreements                    Power
Initiative                                                         Research
                                                                   Institute,
                                                                   Reliance,
                                                                   Lockheed
                                                                   Martin

2nd Generation                100/0  CRADA                  100/0  Midwest
Wire Initiative\a                                                  Superconducti
                                                                   vity

Strategic                     90/10  CRADA                  100/0  American
Research\a                                                         Superconducto
                                                                   r,
                                                                   Intermagnetic
                                                                   s General,
                                                                   Southwire

Energy Storage
Research &
Development

Integration                   28/72  Competitive            75/25  GNB
                                     contract                      Technologies

Components                    62/38  Competitive            75/25  JCI, ZBB
                                     contract

Analysis                      69/31  Competitive            75/25  Frost &
                                     contract                      Sullivan

Electric &                    56/44  Competitive             98/2  The member
Magnetic Fields                      contracts,                    companies\c
Research &                           grants                        of EEI, APPA,
Development\b                                                      NRECA & NEMA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a There are no major noncompetitive procurements.  The outsourced
funding is for small laboratory subcontracts ($100,000 or less) to
universities to obtain unique expertise needed by the program. 

\b Major noncompetitive procurement is the contract with the National
Academy of Sciences (NAS) that is required by law (section 2118 of
EPA Act).  NAS provides scientific review of all completed research. 

\c Edison Electric Institute (EEI), American Public Power Association
(APPA), National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA), and
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). 



                                       Table VI.18
                         
                           Electric Energy Systems and Storage
                                Program, Fiscal Year 1997

                                  (Amounts in percents)

                                                       Competitiv
                         Laboratory  Primary                   e/
Budget category/           inhouse/  procurement       noncompeti  Typical partners
subcategory              outsourced  mechanism(s)            tive  (company names)
-----------------  ----------------  ----------------  ----------  ----------------------
High-Temperature Superconductivity Research & Development
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Superconductivity             80/20  Cooperative            80/20  Electric Power
Partnership\a                        agreements                    Research Institute,
Initiative                                                         Reliance, Lockheed
                                                                   Martin

2nd Generation                100/0  CRADA                  100/0  3M, Midwest
Wire Initiative\a                                                  Superconductivity

Strategic                      95/5  CRADA                  100/0  American
Research\a                                                         Superconductor,
                                                                   Intermagnetics
                                                                   General, Waukeshau
                                                                   Electric

Energy Storage
Research &
Development

Integration                   12/88  Competitive            75/25  AC Battery Corp.,
                                     contract                      Virginia Power

Components                    29/71  Competitive            75/25  JCI, ZBB
                                     contract

Analysis                      26/74  Competitive            75/25  Energetics
                                     contract

Electric &                    48/52  Competitive             98/2  The member companies\c
Magnetic Fields                      contracts,                    of EEI, APPA, NRECA,
Research &                           grants                        and NEMA
Development\b
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  The tables in this appendix were developed by GAO from data
provided by DOE. 

\a There are no major noncompetitive procurements.  The outsourced
funding is for small laboratory subcontracts ($100,000 or less) to
universities to obtain unique expertise needed by the program. 

\b Major noncompetitive procurement is the contract with the National
Academy of Sciences (NAS) that is required by law (section 2118 of
EPA Act).  NAS provides scientific review of all completed research. 

\c Edison Electric Institute (EEI), American Public Power Association
(APPA), National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA), and
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). 


*** End of document. ***