National Parks: Information on the Condition of Civil War Monuments at
Selected Sites (Fact Sheet, 02/01/95, GAO/RCED-95-80FS).

National Park Service records show that 98 percent of the 2,510
monuments at the 11 Civil War battlefield parks GAO reviewed are in good
or fair condition, meaning that they need little or no repair.  The
remaining two percent--54 monuments--are in poor shape, with statuary
and pedestals suffering from the following problems: broken or missing
parts, chips and cracks, and wear and erosion.  The most common causes
of these problems are weathering and vandalism.  Other causes include
erosion, structural deficiencies, and neglect.  Park officials estimate
the cost to repair 34 of the monuments at $2,403,000.  Cost estimates
were not provided for the other 20 monuments because officials were
unsure what work was needed or how much it would run.

--------------------------- Indexing Terms -----------------------------

 REPORTNUM:  RCED-95-80FS
     TITLE:  National Parks: Information on the Condition of Civil War 
             Monuments at Selected Sites
      DATE:  02/01/95
   SUBJECT:  National parks
             Repair costs
             Precipitation (weather)
             Facility repairs
             Federal property management
             Historic preservation
             National historic sites
             Maintenance (upkeep)
             Larceny
IDENTIFIER:  Antietam National Battlefield (MD)
             Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (GA)
             Fort Pulaski National Monument (GA)
             Gettysburg National Military Park (PA)
             Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (WV)
             Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (GA)
             Manassas National Battlefield Park (VA)
             Monocacy National Battlefield (MD)
             Shiloh National Military Park (TN)
             Stones River National Battlefield (TN)
             Vicksburg National Military Park (MS)
             
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Cover
================================================================ COVER


Fact Sheet for the Honorable
Trent Lott, U.S.  Senate

February 1995

NATIONAL PARKS - INFORMATION ON
THE CONDITION OF CIVIL WAR
MONUMENTS AT SELECTED SITES

GAO/RCED-95-80FS

Condition of Civil War Monuments at Selected Sites


Abbreviations
=============================================================== ABBREV

  GAO - General Accounting Office
  LCS - List of Classified Structures
  NPS - National Park Service

Letter
=============================================================== LETTER


B-259918

February 1, 1995

The Honorable Trent Lott
United States Senate

Dear Senator Lott: 

In response to your request and subsequent agreements with your
office, we collected information on the condition of monuments at
Civil War battlefield park sites managed by the National Park Service
(NPS).  Concerned about whether NPS was properly maintaining the
monuments at these locations, you asked us to provide you with
information on (1) the overall condition of the monuments and (2)
cost estimates, if available, for repairing the monuments in poor
condition.  As you previously requested, we provided you on November
15, 1994, with an interim report on the status of the monuments at
Vicksburg National Military Park.  This fact sheet presents the
information we obtained for all of the sites in our review, including
the Vicksburg site. 

As agreed with your office, our work covered the sites for which NPS
had readily available and reasonably up-to-date information.  NPS had
such information for 11 of its 20 Civil War battlefield park sites. 
Section 1 lists all 20 of the sites and identifies the 11 that are
included in our review. 

In summary, NPS' records indicate that there are 2,510 monuments at
the 11 sites included in this fact sheet.  Of these, according to NPS
data, 2,456 monuments--or 98 percent--are in good or fair condition,
meaning that they need no or limited repair and rehabilitation.  The
remaining 54--or 2 percent--are in poor condition and need
substantial repair. 

The 54 monuments in poor condition generally have one or more of the
following problems:  broken or missing parts and pieces; chips,
fractures, or cracks in the base or statuary; and wear or erosion of
the base, bronzes, or stone inscriptions.\1 The most common causes of
these problems are weather and vandalism.  Other causes include
erosion, structural deficiencies, and neglect. 

Park officials provided cost estimates to repair 34--or 63
percent--of the 54 monuments in poor condition.  The total cost to
repair these monuments was about $2,403,000.  Cost estimates were not
provided for 20 of the monuments--or 37 percent--either because
officials were uncertain of the correct "fix" or did not know how
much the repairs would cost.  Cost estimates for repairing individual
monuments ranged from $500 to over $1,000,000; the majority--or 56
percent--were under $10,000, and the rest, except for one $1 million
estimate, ranged between $10,000 and $280,000. 

Section 2 provides details about the condition of the monuments and
the costs of repairing those in poor condition for the 11 sites
included in this fact sheet. 


--------------------
\1 The monuments in good or fair condition may also exhibit some of
these problems but not to the extent warranting designation of their
condition as poor. 


   SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :1

The information provided in this fact sheet is based primarily on
data obtained from a centralized NPS data base called the List of
Classified Structures (LCS).  NPS uses this data base to inventory
and track the condition of historic structures.  Among other things,
the data base identifies all historic structures, including
monuments, in all NPS units and categorizes their condition as good,
fair, poor, or unknown.  (See app.  I for NPS' definitions of these
terms.) NPS headquarters officials provided us with LCS data updated
as of 1991 or later for monuments at the 11 Civil War battlefield
park sites discussed in this fact sheet.\2 The LCS data base also
contains estimates of repair costs for some monuments. 

We discussed the LCS data with regional NPS officials and with
officials at each of the 11 sites to determine whether any changes
were needed to either the number or the condition of the monuments. 
For eight sites, we obtained this information by telephone and fax. 
We visited three sites--Gettysburg National Military Park, Manassas
National Battlefield Park, and Vicksburg National Military Park--to
discuss the data and observe the condition of the monuments in these
parks, particularly of those identified as being in poor condition. 

Officials at the sites generally agreed with the accuracy of the LCS
data but did suggest revisions in some cases.  If the information
from a site differed from the LCS data, we used the site's data,
since site personnel have first-hand information about the current
condition of their monuments.  We also used the site's repair cost
estimate if it differed from an LCS estimate. 

Our audit work was conducted from October through December 1994.  We
did not independently verify the total number of monuments at a site,
their condition, or the estimated costs to repair them.  We discussed
a draft of this fact sheet with responsible agency officials,
including the Chief of the Park Historic Architecture Division, who
generally agreed with its contents.  We incorporated the changes
suggested by these officials where appropriate. 


--------------------
\2 The monuments discussed in this fact sheet do not include cemetery
headstones and certain types of cast iron tablets and plaques,
hundreds or thousands of which may be at some parks. 


---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :1.1

As arranged with your office, unless you publicly announce its
contents earlier, we plan no further distribution of this fact sheet
until 7 days after the date of this letter.  At that time, we will
send copies to the Secretary of the Interior, the Assistant Secretary
for Fish and Wildlife and Parks, and the Director of the National
Park Service.  We will make copies available to others on request. 

Should you have questions about this fact sheet or need more
information, please call me at (202) 512-7756.  Major contributors to
this fact sheet are listed in appendix II. 

Sincerely yours,

James Duffus III
Director, Natural Resources
 Management Issues


NATIONAL PARK SERVICE CIVIL WAR
BATTLEFIELD PARK SITES
============================================================ Chapter 1

Battlefield park                        Not included in
sites               Included in review  review
------------------  ------------------  --------------------
Antietam National   X
Battlefield

Brices Cross Roads                      X
National
Battlefield Site

Chickamauga and     X
Chattanooga
National
Military Park

Fort Donelson                           X
National
Battlefield

Fort Pulaski        X
National Monument

Fort Sumter                             X
National Monument

Fredericksburg and                      X
Spotsylvania
County
Battlefields
Memorial National
Military Park

Gettysburg          X
National Military
Park

Harpers Ferry       X
National
Historical Park

Kennesaw Mountain   X
National
Battlefield Park

Manassas National   X
Battlefield Park

Monocacy National   X
Battlefield

Pea Ridge National                      X
Military Park

Petersburg                              X
National
Battlefield

Richmond National                       X
Battlefield Park

Shiloh National     X
Military Park

Stones River        X
National
Battlefield

Tupelo National                         X
Battlefield

Vicksburg National  X
Military Park

Wilson's Creek                          X
National
Battlefield

============================================================
Total = 20          11                  9
------------------------------------------------------------

DATA ON INDIVIDUAL SITES
============================================================ Chapter 2

We obtained information on the condition of Civil War monuments at 11
sites in the National Park Service (NPS).  These 11 sites have a
total of 2,510 monuments, of which 2,456--or 98 percent--are in good
or fair condition and 54--or 2 percent--are in poor condition and
need substantial repair, according to NPS officials.  The 54
monuments are located in 7 of the 11 sites; 4 sites have no monuments
in poor condition.  The number of monuments in poor condition at a
site ranges from 1 to 22 and represents from less than 1 percent to
33 percent of the total number of monuments at a site.  However, the
two sites with the highest percentage of monuments in poor
condition--Monocacy Battlefield with 20 percent and Harpers Ferry
National Historical Park with 33 percent--have only five and three
monuments, respectively, and each has only one monument in poor
condition.  The site with the highest number of monuments in poor
condition--Gettysburg National Military Park--has 895 monuments, of
which 22--or only 2 percent--are in poor condition.  Estimates of the
costs to repair the monuments in poor condition were obtained for 63
percent of the 54 monuments and total about $2,403,000. 

The remainder of this section presents information for each of the 11
sites, including the names of the monuments in poor condition; the
repair cost estimates, if available; the primary cause of the problem
requiring repair; and a description of the

ANTIETAM NATIONAL BATTLEFIELD

Location:  Sharpsburg, Maryland



                          Table 2.1
           
             Condition of Civil War Monuments at
                           Antietam

                                                    of
                                                  monu    of
                                                  ment  tota
Condition of monuments                               s     l
------------------------------------------------  ====  ----
Good/Fair                                           97    94
Poor                                                 6     6
============================================================
Total                                              103   100
------------------------------------------------------------


                          Table 2.2
           
           Monuments in Poor Condition at Antietam

                    Repair
Name of               cost  Primary cause
monument          estimate  of problem       Required repair
---------------  ---------  ---------------  ---------------
Maj. Gen.            $ 500  Neglect          Clean and
Mansfield                                    repaint
cannon marker

Maj. Gen.              500  Weather          Clean and
Richardson                                   repaint
cannon marker

Brig. Gen.             500  Vandalism        Clean and
Branch                                       repaint
cannon marker

Brig. Gen.             500  Weather          Clean and
Starke                                       repaint
cannon marker

Brig. Gen.             500  Neglect          Clean and
Anderson                                     repaint
cannon marker

Brig. Gen.             500  Vandalism        Clean and
Rodman                                       repaint
cannon marker

============================================================
Total               $3,000
------------------------------------------------------------
The six cannon marker monuments consist of inverted bronze 12-pounder
cannon tubes mounted in a base formed by various field-size stones. 
The monuments have not had any attention for 14 years and need to be
stripped of old paint and repainted.  No other monuments

CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA NATIONAL MILITARY PARK

Location:  Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia



                          Table 2.3
           
             Condition of Civil War Monuments at
                 Chickamauga and Chattanooga

                                                    of
                                                  monu    of
                                                  ment  tota
Condition of monuments                               s     l
------------------------------------------------  ====  ----
Good/Fair                                          656    97
Poor                                                20     3
============================================================
Total                                              676   100
------------------------------------------------------------


                          Table 2.4
           
                Monuments in Poor Condition at
                 Chickamauga and Chattanooga

Name of         Repair cost   Primary cause
monument         estimate     of problem     Required repair
-------------  -------------  -------------  ---------------
9th Michigan        \a        Vandalism      Repair and
Infantry                                     reattach broken
                                             central top
                                             figure

Battery D,        $25,000     Vandalism      Replace all
1st                                          stolen bronze
Michigan                                     work
Light
Artillery

Lytle shell         \a        Vandalism      Replace
                                             numerous
                                             original cannon
                                             balls

33rd Ohio           500       Mowing         Repair chip
Regiment                      accident       caused by mower
tablet marker

38th Ohio           500       Mowing         Repair chip
Regiment                      accident       caused by mower
tablet marker

Co. F, 2nd          \a        Weather        \b
U.S.
Missouri
Light
Artillery
marker

Battery D,          \a        Weather        \b
1st
Missouri
Light
Artillery
marker

2nd U.S.            \a        Weather        \b
Missouri
Infantry
Regiment
marker

3rd U.S.            \a        Weather        \b
Missouri
Infantry
Regiment
marker

6th U.S.            \a        Weather        \b
Missouri
Infantry
Regiment
marker

8th U.S.            \a        Weather        \b
Missouri
Infantry
Regiment
marker

10th U.S.           \a        Weather        \b
Missouri
Infantry
Regiment
marker

12th U.S.           \a        Weather        \b
Missouri
Infantry
Regiment
marker

15th U.S.           \a        Weather        \b
Missouri
Infantry
Regiment
marker

17th U.S.           \a        Weather        \b
Missouri
Infantry
Regiment
marker

26th U.S.           \a        Weather        \b
Missouri
Infantry
Regiment
marker

31st U.S.           \a        Weather        \b
Missouri
Infantry
Regiment
marker

32nd U.S.           \a        Weather        \b
Missouri
Infantry
Regiment
marker

Barrett's           \a        Weather        \b
C.S.A.\c
Missouri
Battery
marker

Bledsoe's           \a        Weather        \b
C.S.A.\c
Missouri
Battery
marker

============================================================
Total             $26,000
                 (3 of 20)
------------------------------------------------------------
\a Not available. 

\b Replace eroded marble and engrave inscription on new stone. 
However, this repair poses a dilemma:  If the original stone is
replaced with the same kind of stone at the same angle, the problem
will recur.  And if a different kind of stone or a different angle is
used, the monument's historical integrity will be destroyed. 
Therefore, the Park Historian is uncertain how this monument should
be repaired. 

\c C.S.A.  = Confederate States of America. 

Park officials stressed that although only 20 monuments at
Chickamauga and Chattanooga are classified as being in poor
condition, almost every monument in this--the oldest--national
military park has been affected by vandalism and/or weather.  Many
monuments are missing statuary, plaques, state seals, and/or pieces,
such as rifles or bayonets.  Many have also been chipped by lawn
mowers.  However, except in the 20 cases listed above, these effects
have not been severe enough to warrant classifying the

FORT PULASKI NATIONAL MONUMENT

Location:  Savannah, Georgia



                          Table 2.5
           
           Condition of Civil War Monuments at Fort
                           Pulaski

                                                    of
                                                  monu    of
                                                  ment  tota
Condition of monuments                               s     l
------------------------------------------------  ====  ----
Good/Fair                                            1   100
Poor                                                 0     0
============================================================
Total                                                1   100
------------------------------------------------------------
GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK

Location:  Gettysburg, Pennsylvania



                          Table 2.6
           
             Condition of Civil War Monuments at
                          Gettysburg

                                                    of
                                                  monu    of
                                                  ment  tota
Condition of monuments                               s     l
------------------------------------------------  ====  ----
Good/Fair                                          873    98
Poor                                                22     2
============================================================
Total                                              895   100
------------------------------------------------------------


                          Table 2.7
           
                Monuments in Poor Condition at
                          Gettysburg

Name of         Repair cost   Primary cause
monument         estimate     of problem     Required repair
-------------  -------------  -------------  ---------------
Maj. Gen.         $ 7,000     Animal/pest    Take apart,
John                          infestation    clean, and
Reynolds                                     reassemble to
equestrian                                   find cause of
statue                                       mineral
                                             leaching

Maj. Gen.         84,500      Structural     Repair cracked
John                          deterioration  and tilted
Sedgewick                                    plaza around
statue                                       base

Gen.              35,000      Structural     Dismantle and
Longstreet's                  deterioration  reset to
C.S.A.\a                                     eliminate
headquarters                                 spreading
marker                                       fracture in
                                             base

1st and 2nd        2,000      Weather        Reset tilted
U.S.                                         marker
Cavalry left
flank marker

New York          190,000     Weather        Reset large
State                                        bronze cap on
                                             statue and
                                             repair bronze
                                             staff

20th New           5,000      Inappropriate  Repair missing
York                          preservation   and yellowed
(Ulster                                      epoxy
Guard)

58th New           4,800      Weather        Reset top
York                                         layers of stone
Infantry

78th and          30,000      Vandalism      Repair broken
102nd New                                    granite arm,
York Infantry                                hand, and rifle

4th Ohio          130,000     Structural     Repair
Infantry                      deterioration  structural
                                             failure

55th Ohio         280,000     Weather        Replace (in
Infantry                                     kind) eroded
                                             sandstone and
                                             return left
                                             flank marker

1st Maryland       6,000      Vandalism      Repair horse's
Cavalry                                      broken head and
                                             ear

1st Maryland       4,000      Vandalism      Recast face to
(Eastern                                     repair
Shore)                                       soldier's
                                             broken nose

Purnell           12,000      Weather        Repair severe
Legion,                                      fractures
Co. A,
Maryland
Cavalry

1st               60,000      Pollution      Replace (in
Minnesota                                    kind) fractured
Infantry                                     marble urn

Battery B,        200,000     Erosion        Replace (in
1st                                          kind) eroded
Pennsylvania                                 marble and
Artillery                                    limestone

Battery E,        23,000      Erosion        Take apart and
1st                                          reassemble to
Pennsylvania                                 relieve stress
Artillery                                    on side
                                             fracture

18th               6,000      Vandalism      Repair granite
Pennsylvania                                 horse's broken
Cavalry                                      head and ear

21st               5,000      Erosion        Clear trees and
Pennsylvania                                 perform needed
Cavalry                                      masonry work

27th              75,000      Erosion        Shore up
Pennsylvania                                 leaning
Infantry                                     monument

Pennsylvania      28,000      Vandalism      Replace (in
monument                                     kind) destroyed
marble                                       bench
bench

13th Vermont       3,000      Erosion        Reset capital
Infantry                                     (top) stone

Co. F, 1st        175,000     Weather        Repair eagle
U.S.                                         and column
Sharpshooters                                toppled in
                                             storm

============================================================
Total           $1,365,300
------------------------------------------------------------
\a C.S.A.  = Confederate States of America. 

Gettysburg developed a monument preservation program in 1990.  The
park competes for yearly regional cyclic repair/rehabilitation funds
for this program.  According to park officials, because the park is
not sure of receiving this money every year, it cannot hire permanent
staff to do the work and has not been able to maintain its
preservation schedule.  The park estimates that it needs an
additional $226,000 in base funding annually to run the program
properly.  Also, the park recently adopted a policy that any new
monuments erected must come with a lifetime endowment for

HARPERS FERRY NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK

Location:  Harpers Ferry, West Virginia



                          Table 2.8
           
             Condition of Civil War Monuments at
                        Harpers Ferry

                                                    of
                                                  monu    of
                                                  ment  tota
Condition of monuments                               s     l
------------------------------------------------  ====  ----
Good/Fair                                            2    67
Poor                                                 1    33
============================================================
Total                                                3   100
------------------------------------------------------------


                          Table 2.9
           
            Monuments in Poor Condition at Harpers
                            Ferry

Name of         Repair cost   Primary cause
monument         estimate     of problem     Required repair
-------------  -------------  -------------  ---------------
John Brown        $5,000      Weather        Repair cracks
                                             in obelisk and
                                             foundation

============================================================
Total             $5,000
------------------------------------------------------------
This monument is located within the park's boundaries but is
privately owned.  The park may be acquiring the monument shortly. 
The park intends to relocate this monument to another site once NPS

KENNESAW MOUNTAIN NATIONAL BATTLEFIELD PARK

Location:  Marietta, Georgia



                          Table 2.10
           
             Condition of Civil War Monuments at
                      Kennesaw Mountain

                                                    of
                                                  monu    of
                                                  ment  tota
Condition of monuments                               s     l
------------------------------------------------  ====  ----
Good/Fair                                            8   100
Poor                                                 0     0
============================================================
Total                                                8   100
------------------------------------------------------------
MANASSAS NATIONAL BATTLEFIELD PARK

Location:  Manassas, Virginia



                          Table 2.11
           
             Condition of Civil War Monuments at
                           Manassas

                                                    of
                                                  monu    of
                                                  ment  tota
Condition of monuments                               s     l
------------------------------------------------  ====  ----
Good/Fair                                           15    88
Poor                                                 2    12
============================================================
Total                                               17   100
------------------------------------------------------------


                          Table 2.12
           
           Monuments in Poor Condition at Manassas

Name of         Repair cost   Primary cause
monument         estimate     of problem     Required repair
-------------  -------------  -------------  ---------------
Bartow base         \a        Structural     Cannot be
                              deterioration  repaired (see
                                             below)

George Stoval       \a        Weather        Remove from
                                             encasement and
                                             repair chips

============================================================
Total               \a
------------------------------------------------------------
\a Not available. 

The Bartow monument is believed to be the first Civil War monument. 
It was actually erected during the war, but the top did not survive
the war.  All that remains is the base.  Because no one knows what
was there, the monument cannot be repaired. 

The Stoval monument is chipped, has worn inscriptions, and has been
vandalized extensively.  It has actually been moved by vandals and/or
visitors and was once found in a stream.  As a result, it

MONOCACY NATIONAL BATTLEFIELD

Location:  Sharpsburg, Maryland



                          Table 2.13
           
             Condition of Civil War Monuments at
                           Monocacy

                                                    of
                                                  monu    of
                                                  ment  tota
Condition of monuments                               s     l
------------------------------------------------  ====  ----
Good/Fair                                            4    80
Poor                                                 1    20
============================================================
Total                                                5   100
------------------------------------------------------------


                          Table 2.14
           
           Monuments in Poor Condition at Monocacy

Name of         Repair cost   Primary cause
monument         estimate     of problem     Required repair
-------------  -------------  -------------  ---------------
14th New            \a        Vandalism      Replace missing
Jersey                                       pieces and
Regiment                                     recarve
                                             inscriptions

============================================================
Total               \a
------------------------------------------------------------
\a Not available. 

Only two of the five monuments in this park are owned by NPS.  The
other three are owned by the state organizations that erected them. 
The 14th New Jersey Regiment monument is not owned by NPS.  NPS
cannot repair this or the other two privately owned monuments because
it has not been able to negotiate maintenance agreements

SHILOH NATIONAL MILITARY PARK

Location:  Shiloh, Tennessee



                          Table 2.15
           
             Condition of Civil War Monuments at
                            Shiloh

                                                    of
                                                  monu    of
                                                  ment  tota
Condition of monuments                               s     l
------------------------------------------------  ====  ----
Good/Fair                                          153   100
Poor                                                 0     0
============================================================
Total                                              153   100
------------------------------------------------------------
Park officials indicated that although none of the monuments at
Shiloh is classified as being in poor condition, many of the
monuments have been vandalized and are missing such items as rifles
and cannonballs, which the park cannot afford to replace without

STONES RIVER NATIONAL BATTLEFIELD

Location:  Murfreesboro, Tennessee



                          Table 2.16
           
             Condition of Civil War Monuments at
                         Stones River

                                                    of
                                                  monu    of
                                                  ment  tota
Condition of monuments                               s     l
------------------------------------------------  ====  ----
Good/Fair                                            9   100
Poor                                                 0     0
============================================================
Total                                                9   100
------------------------------------------------------------
Although a park official agreed that no monument at Stones River is
classifiable as being in poor condition, he indicated that weather
has substantially eroded the stone inscriptions on at least two
monuments.  He also indicated that vandalism, particularly of

VICKSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK

Location:  Vicksburg, Mississippi



                          Table 2.17
           
             Condition of Civil War Monuments at
                          Vicksburg

                                                    of
                                                  monu    of
                                                  ment  tota
Condition of monuments                               s     l
------------------------------------------------  ====  ----
Good/Fair                                          638   100
Poor                                                 2    <1
============================================================
Total                                              640   100
------------------------------------------------------------


                          Table 2.18
           
           Monuments in Poor Condition at Vicksburg

Name of         Repair cost   Primary cause
monument         estimate     of problem     Required repair
-------------  -------------  -------------  ---------------
19th, 20th,       $3,200      Vandalism      Replace four
34th,            to 4,000                    bronze tablets
38th Iowa
Infantry

Mississippi      1,000,000    Weather        Repair and
State                                        restore large
                                             bronze panels

============================================================
Total           $1,003,200
               to 1,004,000
------------------------------------------------------------
The 19th, 20th, 34th, 38th Iowa Infantry monument has been missing
all four of its bronze tablets for at least 15 years.  Park staff
have not replaced them partly because they have lacked funds and
partly because this monument is isolated and is not seen by the
public.  The Mississippi State monument has severe problems with its
bronze work and requires substantial repair and restoration.  We
provided more detail about these monuments in our letter to Senator
Lott dated November 15, 1994 (GAO/RCED-95-55R). 

Park officials told us that about one-third of the park's monuments
and plaques are located on city property outside the park.  Although
park officials have the right of access, access is difficult, if not
impossible, in some cases because of the heavy growth of vegetation. 
Some of the monuments are toppled, some have missing pieces, and
others need cleaning and other preservation work.  Because of funding
limitations, the park has prioritized its repair schedule to address,
first, monuments seen in the park and, second, monuments outside the
park that are easily visible. 


THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE'S TERMS
FOR DEFINING THE CONDITION OF
HISTORIC STRUCTURES
=========================================================== Appendix I


         GOOD: 
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix I:0.0.1

The structure and significant features are intact, structurally
sound, and performing their intended purpose.  The structure and
significant features need no repair or rehabilitation but only
routine or preventive maintenance. 


         FAIR: 
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix I:0.0.2

There are early signs of wear, failure, or deterioration through the
structure, and its features are generally sound and performing their
intended purpose; or there is failure of a significant feature of the
structure. 


         POOR: 
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix I:0.0.3

The significant features are no longer performing their intended
purpose; or significant features are missing; or deterioration or
damage affects more than 25 percent of the structure; or the
structure or significant features show signs of imminent failure or
breakdown. 


         UNKNOWN: 
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix I:0.0.4

Not enough information is available to make a determination. 

Source:  National Park Service. 


MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS FACT
SHEET
========================================================== Appendix II

RESOURCES, COMMUNITY, AND ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT DIVISION, WASHINGTON,
D.C. 

Cliff Fowler
H.  Cheryl Rusten
Ned H.  Woodward

