Managing DOE: Further Review Needed of Suspensions of Security Clearances
for Minority Employees (Letter Report, 12/08/94, GAO/RCED-95-15).

From fiscal year 1989 through fiscal year 1993, the Energy Department
(DOE) suspended 425 security clearances for contractor employees at its
Albuquerque, Savannah River, and Oak Ridge operations offices. At each
of these locations, GO found that the clearances of African-Americans,
Hispanics, or American Indians were suspended more often than would be
statistically expected if the suspensions had been randomly distributed
across racial/ethnic groups. DOE does not monitor suspensions of
minority groups' security clearances and was unaware of the statistical
disparities. GAO believes that DOE needs to further evaluate why these
disparities are occurring.

--------------------------- Indexing Terms -----------------------------

 REPORTNUM:  RCED-95-15
     TITLE:  Managing DOE: Further Review Needed of Suspensions of 
             Security Clearances for Minority Employees
      DATE:  12/08/94
   SUBJECT:  Racial discrimination
             Statistical data
             Employment discrimination
             Personnel management
             Contractor personnel
             Research and development facilities
             Personnel records
             Minorities
             Confidential records

             
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Cover
================================================================ COVER


Report to the Chairman, Committee on Government Operations, House of
Representatives

December 1994

MANAGING DOE - FURTHER REVIEW
NEEDED OF SUSPENSIONS OF SECURITY
CLEARANCES FOR MINORITY EMPLOYEES

GAO/RCED-95-15

Suspensions of Security Clearances


Abbreviations
=============================================================== ABBREV

  DOE - Department of Energy
  GAO - General Accounting Office

Letter
=============================================================== LETTER



B-257919

December 8, 1994

The Honorable John Conyers, Jr.
Chairman, Committee on Government
 Operations
House of Representatives

Dear Mr.  Chairman: 

The Department of Energy (DOE) uses a number of contractors to assist
it in managing many programs that require the employees of these
contractors to have security clearances.  Security clearances may be
suspended if DOE believes an employee may pose a threat to national
defense and security.  Because of concerns that the DOE security
clearance program could adversely affect employees from minority
groups, you asked us to review DOE's program for suspending security
clearances.  Specifically, you asked us to determine (1) if there are
statistical disparities in the number of employees from racial/ethnic
minorities whose clearances have been suspended at DOE's facilities
and (2) what action DOE is taking to identify such statistical
disparities.  We reviewed DOE's suspensions of contractor employees'
security clearances at DOE's Albuquerque, Savannah River, and Oak
Ridge operations offices because contractors at these locations
account for more than one-half of the employees holding security
clearances. 

Although the number of security clearances suspended for any
particular group is relatively small, statistical disparities can be
identified with the appropriate test.  Statistical disparities
indicate a higher number of suspensions than would have been expected
if the suspensions were totally random.  Disparities in the number of
clearances suspended, in and of themselves, do not mean that DOE is
or is not discriminating against racial/ethnic groups. 


   RESULTS IN BRIEF
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :1

From fiscal year 1989 through fiscal year 1993, DOE suspended 425
security clearances for the contractor employees included in our
review at the facilities operated by DOE's Albuquerque, Savannah
River, and Oak Ridge operations offices.  At each of these locations,
we found that the clearances of African-Americans, Hispanics, or
American Indians were suspended more often than would be
statistically expected if the suspensions had been randomly
distributed across racial/ethnic groups.  DOE does not monitor
suspensions of minority groups' security clearances and was not aware
of the statistical disparities.  We believe that DOE needs to further
evaluate why these disparities are occurring. 


   BACKGROUND
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :2

DOE's contractors operate a number of facilities that are used to
produce nuclear materials and design, test, assemble, and disassemble
nuclear weapons.  In the operation of these facilities, contractor
employees may handle materials, documents, and information that are
classified.  An employee working in such an environment is
investigated and granted a security clearance if one is warranted. 
To ensure that personnel with access to classified information do not
compromise national defense and security, DOE's operations offices
may suspend security clearances.  A clearance may be suspended as a
result of an employee's use of illegal drugs, alcohol abuse, mental
illness, falsification of information on security statements,
sabotage or treason, membership in an organization that advocates the
overthrow of the government or association with people who are
members of such organizations, failure to protect classified data,
unusual conduct or dishonesty, and having relatives living in a
country whose interests are hostile to those of the United States. 

Information leading to the suspension of an employee's clearance can
come from many sources, including routine security reinvestigations,
random drug testing, and allegations from other people.  If DOE
believes that national security could potentially be compromised, it
begins a multilayered review process that can result in the
suspension--and ultimately revocation--of an employee's security
clearance.  More than a year may pass before DOE makes a final
determination.  The employee is entitled to a formal hearing by a
hearing officer and attorneys, a review of the hearing transcript by
a personnel security review examiner, and a final resolution by the
Security Affairs Director.  DOE may also have an employee undergo a
psychiatric evaluation to examine the employee's judgment or
reliability if information reveals mental illness, alcohol abuse, or
drug use. 

The facilities operated by DOE's Albuquerque, Savannah River, and Oak
Ridge operations offices employ the Department's largest numbers of
employees holding clearances--more than 84,000.  These three offices
oversee six major contractors:  AT&T/Sandia Corporation (Sandia
National Laboratories)\1 and the University of California (Los Alamos
National Laboratory) at the Albuquerque Operations Office in New
Mexico; Westinghouse and Bechtel companies at the Savannah River
Operations Office in South Carolina; and Martin Marietta Energy
Systems, Incorporated, and M.  K.  Ferguson of Oak Ridge Company at
the Oak Ridge Operations Office in Tennessee. 


--------------------
\1 Sandia National Laboratories is currently operated by Martin
Marieta Corporation of Bethesda but was operated by AT&T/Sandia
Corporation until October 1, 1993. 


   STATISTICAL DISPARITIES OCCUR
   IN NUMBER OF CLEARANCES
   SUSPENDED FOR MINORITIES
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :3

At the locations included in our review, in various 1-year periods
during fiscal year 1989 through fiscal year 1993,\2

contractor employees from several minority groups had their security
clearances suspended more often than would be expected statistically
when they were compared with the majority population of the
workforce.\3 The population of contractor employees includes Asians,
American Indians, African-Americans, Hispanics, and whites.  Table 1
shows the number of years during this period in which a statistical
disparity occurred in the number of clearances suspended for the
employee population groups at the three sites. 



                           Table 1
           
            Number of Years in a 5-Year Period in
            Which Statistical Disparities Occurred
            in the Number of Clearances Suspended
              for Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups


Racial/ethnic
group                        River              Ridge
----------------  ====  ----------------  ------------------
American Indian      1        N.A.               N.A.
Asian             N.A.         0                 N.A.
African-             0         3                  3
 American
Hispanic             2        N.A.                1
------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  N.A.  indicates that no members of this group had their
clearances suspended in any of the 5 years.  A "0" indicates that
members of the group had their clearances suspended, but the number
suspended did not show a statistically significant disparity. 


--------------------
\2 Data were not available by fiscal year for DOE's Savannah River
contractors.  Throughout this report, the data used for Savannah
River contractors are for calendar years 1989 through 1993. 

\3 Our findings are based on the Fisher's Exact Test.  In the
Fisher's Exact Test, occurrences are statistically analyzed to
determine whether they can be explained by randomness and chance or
may have been caused by some other factor.  Additional information on
our use of the Fisher's Exact Test is included in app.  I. 


      ALBUQUERQUE OPERATIONS
      OFFICE
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :3.1

During the period covered by our review, AT&T/Sandia Corporation
operated the Sandia National Laboratories and the University of
California operated the Los Alamos National Laboratory for DOE's
Albuquerque Operations Office.  These two contractors combined employ
more than 15,000 people with security clearances.  DOE suspended the
security clearances of 98 contractor employees at Sandia and Los
Alamos during fiscal year 1989 through fiscal year 1993.  The number
of clearances suspended for Hispanics was statistically disparate in
fiscal years 1992 and 1993; the number for American Indians was
statistically disparate in fiscal year 1992.  Two other racial/ethnic
minority groups were represented at Sandia and Los Alamos:  Asians
and African-Americans.  However, no Asians had their clearances
suspended in this period, and the number of African-Americans whose
clearances were suspended did not show a statistically significant
disparity. 

More specifically, in fiscal year 1992 American Indians and Hispanics
made up about 2 percent and about 23 percent, respectively, of the
total population of employees at Sandia and Los Alamos.  However, 12
percent (4 of 33) of the suspensions involved American Indians, and
42 percent (14 of 33) involved Hispanics.  In fiscal year 1993,
Hispanics made up about 23 percent of the total employee population
at Sandia and Los Alamos but accounted for 47 percent (14 of 30) of
the number of security clearances suspended.  The disparities for
these groups in these years were all significant, according to the
Fisher's Exact Test.  (See app.  II for data on contractor employees
at the Sandia and Los Alamos national laboratories.)


      SAVANNAH RIVER OPERATIONS
      OFFICE
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :3.2

DOE's Savannah River facility is operated by the Westinghouse Company
for DOE's Savannah River Operations Office.  The major construction
contractor is the Bechtel Company.  About 20,000 employees of
Westinghouse and Bechtel work at the Savannah River Site.  About
17,000 of those employees have security clearances.  DOE suspended
the security clearances of 163 contractor employees at the Savannah
River Site during calendar years 1989 through 1993.  The number of
clearances suspended was statistically disparate for one group,
African-Americans, in 3 of the 5 years:  1991, 1992, and 1993. 
African-Americans made up about 20 percent of the total number of
employees holding clearances throughout this period.  In calendar
year 1991, 40 percent (10 of 25) of those whose clearances were
suspended were African-American.  African-Americans accounted for
about 48 percent (27 of 56) of the clearances suspended in calendar
year 1992 and about 36 percent (14 of 39) in calendar year 1993.  The
disparities for African-Americans in calendar years 1991, 1992, and
1993 were all significant, according to the Fisher's Exact Test. 

The population of contractor employees at this site also includes
Asians, American Indians, and Hispanics.  American Indians and
Hispanics did not have their clearances suspended in this period. 
The number of Asians whose clearances were suspended did not show a
statistically significant disparity.  (See app.  III for data on the
contractor employees at the Savannah River Site.)


      OAK RIDGE OPERATIONS OFFICE
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :3.3

The contractors we reviewed at DOE's Oak Ridge facilities--Martin
Marietta Energy Systems and M.  K.  Ferguson of Oak Ridge
Company--employ about 21,000 people.  Over 10,000 of those employees
have security clearances.  DOE suspended the security clearances of
164 of the contractor employees at its Oak Ridge facilities in fiscal
years 1989 through 1993--the largest number of suspensions at the
locations we reviewed.  For one group, African-Americans, a
statistically disparate number of clearances were suspended in 3 of
the 5 fiscal years:  1989, 1992, and 1993.  African-Americans at Oak
Ridge made up between 8 and 10 percent of the workforce holding
clearances in the years we reviewed.  Although African-Americans
represented a small portion of the total population holding
clearances, in fiscal year 1989 about 44 percent (14 of 32) of those
whose clearances were suspended were African-American.  In fiscal
year 1992, African-Americans made up 26 percent (13 of 50) of the
population whose clearances were suspended; in fiscal year 1993, they
made up 22 percent (7 of 32). 

A statistically disparate number of Hispanics also had their
clearances suspended in fiscal year 1990.  Specifically, Hispanics
represented about 0.2 percent of the workforce in fiscal year 1990. 
However, about 6 percent (1 of 17) of those whose clearances were
suspended were Hispanic.  The disparities for African-Americans in
fiscal years 1989, 1992, and 1993 and for Hispanics in fiscal year
1990 were significant, according to the Fisher's Exact Test.  (See
app.  IV for data on contractor employees at DOE's Oak Ridge
facilities.)

Oak Ridge's population of contractor employees also includes Asians
and American Indians.  However, no Asians or American Indians had
their clearances suspended during the period covered by our review. 


   DOE DOES NOT MONITOR FOR AND
   WAS NOT AWARE OF STATISTICAL
   DISPARITIES
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :4

Under federal equal employment opportunity policy, federal agencies
and their contractors are not required to monitor the suspension of
the security clearances for racial/ethnic minority groups.  Because
DOE is not required to do so, no organization in the Department
collects information on the suspension of clearances by racial or
ethnic group, and DOE was not aware of the statistical disparities
discussed in this report. 


      FEDERAL AND DOE REQUIREMENTS
      DO NOT MANDATE MONITORING OF
      SUSPENSIONS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :4.1

Executive Order 11246, entitled "Equal Employment Opportunity,"
states that federal contractors will not discriminate against any
employee or applicant for employment because of several factors,
including race.  To help in assessing compliance with the policy on
equal employment opportunity, reports that federal agencies receive
from contractors list employees by race and ethnicity.  DOE further
requires contractors to provide data on hirings, promotions, layoffs,
and terminations.  But DOE's orders on equal employment opportunity
do not require the contractors to document or track the suspension of
security clearances for various population subgroups.  Executive
Order 11246 does not specifically discuss discrimination in security
clearance matters and does not require personnel actions on security
clearances taken by federal agencies or their contractors to be
monitored. 

Within DOE, the Office of Safeguards and Security is responsible for
establishing policies and procedures for security clearances for
personnel.  The Office bases its decisions to continue or suspend
security clearances on 10 C.F.R.  710, "Criteria and Procedures for
Determining Eligibility for Access to Classified Matter or
Significant Quantities of Special Nuclear Material." DOE Order
5631.2C, "Personnel Security Program," implements this regulation. 
According to an official in the Office of Safeguards and Security,
because race and ethnicity are not factors in the processes used for
continuing or suspending security clearances, such information is not
requested or gathered as part of the processes. 

DOE's Office of Contractor Human Resource Management maintains data
on the race and ethnicity of contractor employees but did not gather
data on the suspensions of security clearances for the employees. 
DOE has two orders that apply to equal employment opportunity and
affirmative action at the facilities operated by contractors.  DOE
Order 3220.4A, "Contractor Personnel and Industrial Relations
Reports," requires that the contractors provide data on
employment--such as hirings, separations, and promotions--by race and
ethnicity so that DOE can evaluate the contractors' performance in
human resource management.  However, the order does not require
contractors to provide data on suspensions of security clearances in
terms of equal employment opportunity. 

DOE Order 3220.2A, "Equal Opportunity in Operating and Onsite Service
Contractor Facilities," implements DOE's policy that there will be no
discrimination at contractors' facilities because of race and that
affirmative action will be taken to fully realize equal opportunity. 
The order details the responsibilities and authorities of the various
offices responsible for equal employment opportunity and affirmative
action.  However, these responsibilities do not include tracking or
analyzing the suspension of security clearances by race or ethnicity. 


      DOE'S SECURITY AND HUMAN
      RESOURCE ORGANIZATIONS WERE
      NOT AWARE OF STATISTICAL
      DISPARITIES
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :4.2

DOE was not aware of the statistical disparities that our analysis
revealed because it had not combined the data on security
clearances--available at security offices--with the data on race and
ethnicity--available at other offices.  DOE's Office of Safeguards
and Security and the site security offices had information about
suspensions of clearances but did not have information on race and
ethnicity because they were not required to have that information for
granting or continuing security clearances.  DOE's Office of Economic
Impact and Diversity, which includes the offices of Civil Rights and
Contractor Human Resource Management, had data on race and ethnicity
but had no information on the suspension of security clearances.  As
previously noted, that office was not required to collect such data. 


   CONCLUSIONS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :5

DOE has not been tracking the suspension of clearances by
racial/ethnic group.  As a result of our analysis, DOE is now aware
that contractor employees who are members of racial/ethnic minority
groups were more likely than white employees to have their security
clearances suspended in some of the years and locations we reviewed. 
It is important that DOE look into the reason for the statistical
disparities to assure itself that discrimination is not occurring. 


   RECOMMENDATIONS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :6

We recommend that the Secretary of Energy

investigate the reasons for the disparities in the number of security
clearances suspended for contractor employees in the locations and
years identified by our review and take action to correct any
problems that this investigation identifies in the Department's
security clearance procedures and

require that data on the racial and ethnic background of contractor
employees whose clearances are suspended at all locations be
compiled, monitored, and reviewed to identify any statistical
disparities in the number of clearances suspended for minorities, and
investigate and take appropriate corrective action if such
disparities occur. 


   AGENCY COMMENTS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :7

As requested, we did not obtain written agency comments on a draft of
this report.  However, we discussed the information in this report
with officials in DOE's Office of Nonproliferation and National
Security and with officials from the Albuquerque, Oak Ridge, and
Savannah River operations offices.  These officials agreed with the
facts contained in the report.  However, they expressed concern about
the statistical methodology we used to analyze the data on suspended
clearances.  They said that our analysis was not sufficiently
sophisticated to include a variety of demographic factors, such as
age or job category, which could explain the statistical disparities
we found.  They concluded that our "one-faceted" approach to the
demographic issue, combined with the very small number of clearances
suspended, "renders the reasoning behind any finding of statistical
disparity questionable .  .  .  ."

In this report, we have not attempted to determine why statistical
disparities are occurring.  We are only reporting that, according to
the Fisher's Exact Test, statistical disparities are occurring at all
the locations included in our review--that is, more security
clearances are being suspended for minorities than would be expected
if suspensions occurred in a purely random fashion.  We believe DOE
needs to determine why these statistical disparities are occurring. 
In making this determination, DOE may need to conduct more
sophisticated demographic studies of its workforce.  Until such
studies are completed, DOE cannot know why the security clearances of
minority employees are being suspended more often than would be
expected statistically. 

We also discussed the contents of this report with officials from
DOE's Office of Economic Impact and Diversity.  These officials also
agreed with the facts contained in the report.  In addition, they
said that the findings "serve as a basis for further review of the
method utilized for suspending security clearances.  .  .  ."


---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :7.1

We conducted this review at DOE headquarters and the Albuquerque,
Savannah River, and Oak Ridge operations offices between June 1993
and August 1994 in accordance with generally accepted government
auditing standards.  We reviewed DOE's records, applicable orders,
and special program initiatives; interviewed DOE program officials
and contractors; and merged data on security clearances with
personnel information to analyze the data for statistical disparities
in the number of clearances suspended.  (See app.  I for a more
detailed discussion of our scope and methodology.)

As arranged with your office, unless you publicly announce its
contents earlier, we plan no further distribution of this report
until 30 days after the date of this letter.  At that time, we will
send copies to the Secretary of Energy; the Director, Office of
Management and Budget; interested congressional committees; and other
interested parties.  We will also make copies available to others on
request. 

Please call me at (202) 512-3841 if you or your staff have any
questions about this report.  Major contributors to this report are
listed in
appendix V. 

Sincerely yours,

Victor S.  Rezendes
Director, Energy and
 Science Issues


SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
=========================================================== Appendix I

To address the questions of the Chairman, House Committee on
Government Operations, we had discussions on the suspension of
security clearances with DOE officials in the Office of Safeguards
and Security and Office of Civil Rights at the Department's
headquarters and operations offices at Albuquerque, Savannah River,
and Oak Ridge.  We also obtained data on such suspensions from these
officials.  In addition, we discussed suspensions with contractors at
the Sandia and Los Alamos national laboratories, Savannah River Site,
and Oak Ridge.  The Albuquerque, Savannah River, and Oak Ridge
operations offices, which administer these sites, are responsible for
54 percent of the Department's total population of contractor
employees holding security clearances.  We also interviewed the
Deputy Director of the Department of Labor's Office of Federal
Contract Compliance Programs and examined the executive order and
federal regulations on contractors' compliance programs for equal
opportunity employment.  In addition, we obtained data on ethnicity,
sex, and total annual employment for contractor employees at the
locations included in our review and reviewed a random sample of
personnel security files to determine what data on ethnicity and sex
were collected and recorded. 

In our analysis of suspensions, we used data provided by DOE on the
populations whose clearances had been suspended and on the total
populations within each racial/ethnic group at each location.  We
used the Fisher's Exact Test to (1) compare the proportion of each
racial/ethnic group whose clearances had been suspended with the
proportion of whites whose clearances had been suspended and (2)
calculate the probability that the number of minorities whose
clearances were suspended would have occurred had the suspensions
been randomly distributed across the racial/ethnic groups.  Analysis
using the Fisher's Exact Test shows whether the occurrences can be
explained by chance or may have been caused by some other factor. 
Our use of the Fisher's Exact Test had a confidence level of 95
percent, which means that some of the results (about 5 percent) that
were found to be statistically significant could be due to chance
alone. 

The Fisher's Exact Test applies to all situations and is not affected
by the size of the sample.  As a result, the test is commonly used
when the number of events being analyzed is small.  A significant
result from this test does not conclusively demonstrate that
discrimination has occurred; rather, it shows that the result differs
significantly from what would be expected if race/ethnicity was not
related to the suspension of a clearance. 


SUSPENSION OF SECURITY CLEARANCES
FOR WORKFORCE AT ALBUQUERQUE'S
SANDIA AND LOS ALAMOS FACILITIES,
FISCAL YEARS 1989-93
========================================================== Appendix II


Year and                                        Indi
action                                            an
------------  ------------  ----  ------------  ----  ------------  ------------
1989
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suspended     5                1       1           0       0        7

Not           10,909         230     3,556       371      237       15,303
suspended

Total         10,914         231     3,557       371      237       15,310


1990
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suspended     3                0       1           0       0        4

Not           11,226         229     3,506       359      246       15,566
suspended

Total         11,229         229     3,507       359      246       15,570


1991
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suspended     16               2       5           1       0        24

Not           10,880         230     3,391       343      253       15,097
suspended

Total         10,896         232     3,396       344      253       15,121


1992
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suspended     15               0       14          4       0        33

Not           10,902         224     3,491       348      247       15,212
suspended

Total         10,917         224     3,505       352      247       15,245


1993
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suspended     15               0       14          1       0        30

Not           11,069         227     3,620       362      270       15,548
suspended

Total         11,084         227     3,634       363      270       15,578
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  Boldface indicates the racial/ethnic groups for whom the
number of clearances suspended showed a statistically significant
disparity. 


SUSPENSION OF SECURITY CLEARANCES
FOR WORKFORCE AT SAVANNAH RIVER,
CALENDAR YEARS 1989-93
========================================================= Appendix III


Year and                                        Indi
action                                            an
------------  ------------  ----  ------------  ----  ------------  ------------
1989
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suspended     10               5       0           0       0        15

Not           9,711         2,57       34         33       88       12,438
suspended                      2

Total         9,721         2,57       34         33       88       12,453
                               7


1990
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suspended     21               7       0           0       0        28

Not           12,131        3,05       52         42      177       15,461
suspended                      9

Total         12,152        3,06       52         42      177       15,489
                               6


1991
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suspended     15              10       0           0       0        25

Not           13,297        3,31       72         42      277       17,004
suspended                      6

Total         13,312        3,32       72         42      277       17,029
                               6


1992
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suspended     29              27       0           0       0        56

Not           14,347        3,47       93         51      345       18,307
suspended                      1

Total         14,376        3,49       93         51      345       18,363
                               8


1993
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suspended     24              14       0           0       1        39

Not           13,545        3,30       99         44      380       17,376
suspended                      8

Total         13,569        3,32       99         44      381       17,415
                               2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  Boldface indicates the racial/ethnic groups for whom the
number of clearances suspended showed a statistically significant
disparity.  Fiscal year data were not available for DOE's Savannah
River contractors; data are for the calendar years. 


SUSPENSION OF SECURITY CLEARANCES
FOR WORKFORCE AT OAK RIDGE, FISCAL
YEARS 1989-93
========================================================== Appendix IV


Year and                                        Indi
action                                            an
------------  ------------  ----  ------------  ----  ------------  ------------
1989
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suspended     18              14       0           0       0        32

Not           10,573        1,04       21         13       49       11,697
suspended                      1

Total         10,591        1,05       21         13       49       11,729
                               5


1990
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suspended     12               4       1           0       0        17

Not           10,573        1,17       23         11       56       11,838
suspended                      5

Total         10,585        1,17       24         11       56       11,855
                               9


1991
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suspended     28               5       0           0       0        33

Not           10,971        1,07       18         24       34       12,123
suspended                      6

Total         10,999        1,08       18         24       34       12,156
                               1


1992
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suspended     37              13       0           0       0        50

Not           11,546        1,11       27         20       55       12,762
suspended                      4

Total         11,583        1,12       27         20       55       12,812
                               7


1993
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suspended     25               7       0           0       0        32

Not           9,199          885       30         14       58       10,186
suspended

Total         9,224          892       30         14       58       10,218
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  Boldface indicates the racial/ethnic groups for whom the
number of clearances suspended showed a statistically significant
disparity.  Total employment and suspension data for fiscal years
1989 and 1990 represent Martin Marietta employees only.  The
construction contractor that preceded M.  K.  Ferguson did not
maintain data on employment and suspension of clearances. 


MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS REPORT
=========================================================== Appendix V

RESOURCES, COMMUNITY, AND ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT DIVISION, WASHINGTON,
D.C. 

Jim Wells, Associate Director, Energy and Science Issues
William F.  Fenzel, Assistant Director, Energy Issues
D.  Allan Rogers, Technical Adviser
Kenneth E.  Lightner, Jr., Evaluator-in-Charge
Jacqueline Bell, Evaluator
Ilene M.  Pollack, Evaluator

OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY ASSISTANT
COMPTROLLER GENERAL FOR HUMAN
RESOURCES

William R.  Mowbray, Statistician

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