Forestry Functions: Unresolved Issues Affect Forest Service and BLM
Organizations in Western Oregon (Letter Report, 05/17/94,
GAO/RCED-94-124).
The Bureau of Land Management (BLM), part of the Interior Department,
and the Forest Service, part of the Agriculture Department, together
manage 7.2 million acres of land in western Oregon. Both agencies manage
portions of these lands for timber production and have parallel forestry
organizations in several locations. This report examines the possibility
of the two agencies consolidating their forestry duties. GAO summarizes
these agencies' past and ongoing reorganization efforts and the
potential legal and other constraints affecting any consolidation.
--------------------------- Indexing Terms -----------------------------
REPORTNUM: RCED-94-124
TITLE: Forestry Functions: Unresolved Issues Affect Forest Service
and BLM Organizations in Western Oregon
DATE: 05/17/94
SUBJECT: Forest management
Interagency relations
Public lands
Renewable natural resources
Land management
Federal property management
Federal agency reorganization
Timber sales
National forests
Use taxes
IDENTIFIER: Oregon
National Performance Review
President's Private Sector Survey on Cost Control (Grace
Commission)
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Cover
================================================================ COVER
Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Regulation, Business
Opportunities, and Technology, Committee on Small Business, House of
Representatives
May 1994
FORESTRY FUNCTIONS - UNRESOLVED
ISSUES AFFECT FOREST SERVICE AND
BLM ORGANIZATIONS IN WESTERN
OREGON
GAO/RCED-94-124
Forestry Functions
Abbreviations
=============================================================== ABBREV
BLM - Bureau of Land Management
GAO - General Accounting Office
Letter
=============================================================== LETTER
B-256361
May 17, 1994
The Honorable Ron Wyden
Chairman, Subcommittee on Regulation,
Business Opportunities, and
Technology
Committee on Small Business
House of Representatives
Dear Mr. Chairman:
The Bureau of Land Management (BLM), within the Department of the
Interior, and the Forest Service, within the Department of
Agriculture, manage 7.2 million acres of land in western Oregon. BLM
is responsible for 2.3 million acres, while the Forest Service is
responsible for the remaining 4.9 million acres. Both agencies
manage portions of these lands for timber production and have
parallel forestry organizations in several locations.
Because these parallel organizations operate in western Oregon, you
asked GAO to assess the possibility of consolidating their forestry
functions. During subsequent discussions with your office, we
decided that it would not be appropriate for GAO to perform a
detailed review at this time because of (1) ongoing reorganization
efforts by BLM and the Forest Service and (2) the uncertainties
associated with the administration's plan to resolve the dispute over
timber cutting on federal lands in the Pacific Northwest. Instead,
we agreed to summarize for you these agencies' prior and ongoing
reorganization efforts and the potential legal and other constraints
affecting any consolidation.
RESULTS IN BRIEF
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :1
Declining timber sales, tightening budgetary constraints,
recommendations to reinvent government, and an increased
understanding of the importance and functioning of natural systems,
such as watersheds, soils, and animal habitats, are leading land
management agencies such as BLM and the Forest Service to rethink
their organizational structures and relationships with one another.
Although previously identified opportunities to simplify federal land
management by consolidating the responsibility for managing federal
lands have not been implemented, both BLM and the Forest Service are
attempting to refocus their existing programs and activities to meet
the current challenges they face as well as to prepare for
initiatives they may undertake in the future.
Many other unresolved issues in the Pacific Northwest--including
potential conflicts in legislative mandates, timber-harvesting
procedures, and revenue-sharing formulas--affect the future structure
and organization of BLM and the Forest Service in western Oregon.
Uncertainties about such matters as the future levels of timber
harvests or the effects of reinventing government make it extremely
difficult to determine how best to reorganize. An agency-by-agency
approach to downsizing and restructuring may not have the potential
to achieve the efficiencies that could be derived through a
collaborative federal approach to land management.
BACKGROUND
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :2
In the Pacific Northwest, BLM and the Forest Service manage adjoining
federal lands. Of the 7.2 million acres of federal land in western
Oregon, 2.6 million acres are Oregon and California Railroad lands
that BLM and the Forest Service manage under the Oregon and
California Sustained Yield Act of 1937 (O&C Act) (43 U.S.C. 1181a,
et seq.). The Forest Service manages 490,000 acres of these lands;
BLM manages the rest. Interspersed within and around the federal
lands are state and private lands, some of which are used for timber
operations.
As of September 30, 1993, BLM and the Forest Service had a combined
total of 2,958 authorized positions in field offices in western
Oregon, down from 3,213 in 1985. BLM's field organization in western
Oregon consists of five district offices; each district office
includes several subunits, or resource areas, which are located in
the same community as the district office. The Forest Service has
five national forests in the area; each forest has a Forest
Supervisor's office and subunits, or ranger districts, which are
generally located in smaller communities within the forest
boundaries. These offices manage all of the usual organizational
operations, such as grazing, mining, and recreation, as well as
timber sales programs. (App. I provides a detailed listing of the
number of authorized positions by location.)
PRIOR RECOMMENDATIONS TO
CONSOLIDATE BLM AND FOREST
SERVICE NEVER IMPLEMENTED
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :3
Through the years, several unsuccessful attempts have been initiated
to simplify federal land management by consolidating BLM's and the
Forest Service's responsibilities for managing adjacent lands. These
efforts included the Public Land Law Review Commission in 1964, the
President's Private Sector Survey on Cost Control in 1983, and the
1985 BLM and Forest Service study.
In 1964, the Congress established the Public Land Law Review
Commission to conduct a thorough investigation of federal land
management. In June 1970, this Commission submitted a report to the
President and the Congress recommending that the Forest Service be
transferred to the Department of the Interior, which would then be
renamed the Department of Natural Resources. However, the merger of
the two agencies was not explicitly proposed, nor were subsequent
legislative proposals to effect the recommendation introduced.
In 1983, the President's Private Sector Survey on Cost Control, also
known as the Grace Commission, noted that the management of the two
agencies' adjacent lands was made difficult by the many
inconsistencies between BLM's and the Forest Service's policies. The
Commission recommended that the two agencies combine administrative
functions, eliminate duplication of efforts, and plan a program of
jurisdictional transfers to accomplish these objectives. However, no
legislation resulted from these findings and recommendations.
During the same period as the Grace Commission study, the Forest
Service and BLM studied the feasibility of consolidating adjoining
federal lands under a single agency to reduce costs, improve
administrative efficiency, and improve public service. As a result
of this study, the agencies proposed to exchange lands in Oregon and
Washington so that the Forest Service would assume management
responsibility for virtually all federal lands in western Oregon.
The proposal included merging the BLM district offices with the
Forest Service Supervisors' offices located in the same community,
restructuring the boundaries to achieve an optimum size for and
balance between units, and eliminating some managerial and overhead
positions. The proposal included eliminating 280 permanent positions
at an estimated annual savings of $10.3 million; the costs of
implementation over 5 years were projected at $18.6 million. This
"interchange" proposal, like the previous studies and
recommendations, was not implemented.
MANY ISSUES AFFECT BLM'S AND
FOREST SERVICE'S EFFORTS TO
DOWNSIZE AND REORGANIZE
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :4
BLM and the Forest Service, like all federal agencies, must be
prepared to respond to budget cuts and smaller appropriations in the
coming years. In addition, as a result of a proposal by the National
Performance Review in its efforts to reinvent government, the
agencies are likely to be reduced in size to absorb a portion of the
252,000-person reduction in federal positions that the administration
plans to make by 1999. The major factor, however, that will drive
BLM and the Forest Service to downsize and reorganize is the decline
in the timber sales program.
DECLINING TIMBER SALES
AFFECT STAFFING NEEDS AND
ORGANIZATION
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :4.1
Federal timber sales have declined significantly in the Pacific
Northwest since 1985. In western Oregon, for example, BLM sold 963.5
million board feet of timber in fiscal year 1985, compared with 48.5
million board feet in fiscal year 1993; the Forest Service sold
1,889.3 million board feet in fiscal year 1985, compared with 80.1
million board feet in fiscal year 1993. (These declining timber
harvests are identified further in app. I.)
The fiscal year 1993 timber sales reflect the constraints of various
lawsuits and federal court injunctions and may not be representative
of future sales levels. However, the average annual timber harvest
on federal lands in western Oregon dropped by about 46 percent, from
2.8 billion board feet for the period from 1980 through 1989 to 1.5
billion board feet for the period from 1990 through 1992. These
declining levels, in conjunction with uncertain future levels, caused
both BLM and the Forest Service to undertake efforts to downsize and
restructure their forestry organizations. According to the current
estimates being considered, the probable future timber sales for
western Oregon may be as low as 689 million board feet for both
agencies. However, since the volume of future timber sales is
difficult to predict, determining the appropriate staffing levels for
the organizations remains an uncertain task.
In the past few years, Pacific Northwest timber sales have been
curtailed because of lawsuits and the resulting federal court
injunctions based on habitat protection for the northern spotted owl
and on the preservation of old-growth forests. In an attempt to
resolve this impasse between timber sales and environmental concerns,
President Clinton held a Forest Conference in Portland, Oregon, in
April 1993. As a result of the Forest Conference, an interagency
team was given the task of developing land management alternatives
that would "attain the greatest economic and social contribution from
the forests of the region and meet the requirements of the applicable
laws and regulations."
In July 1993, the interagency team produced a set of alternatives,
including a preferred alternative. When soliciting public comment on
these alternatives, the team received more than 100,000 comments,
which had to be reviewed and incorporated, as appropriate. The
agencies submitted the final land management plan to the responsible
federal court judge on April 14, 1994, and filed a notice to lift the
injunction. Until a final decision is made, it is impossible to
predict its impact on the existing land and resource management
plans, timber sales, or agency resources needed to implement the
alternative.
In addition to the protection of habitat for the northern spotted
owl, the protection of threatened and endangered salmon runs could
have a major impact on timber sales as well as on other activities on
federal lands, such as grazing, mining, and recreation. No clear
estimate exists of what impact these protection measures will have on
the organizational makeup of the Forest Service and BLM, but experts
suggest that the impacts could be more substantial than the effects
of protecting the northern spotted owl.
BUDGET DECLINES AFFECT
OPERATIONS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :4.2
While the overall budgets for the two departments have remained
relatively stable in the past, reductions in BLM's and the Forest
Service's budgets for their timber sales programs have resulted in a
need to restructure and downsize their timber organizations.
BLM is studying its organization in Oregon with the goal of getting
more people into the field and creating a more efficient structure.
According to BLM officials, the ongoing reorganization efforts are
tied to the draft land and resource management plans for the
individual BLM districts. These plans are pending until a final
decision is made on the overall land management plan submitted to the
federal court judge on April 14, 1994.
In addition, the Forest Service, in order to meet a $10 million
reduction in its general administrative appropriation for fiscal year
1994, is cutting staff at the Washington Office and in the field.
Moreover, as part of its ongoing cost-efficiency efforts to meet this
$10 million reduction, the Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Region
is considering either combining functions or closing locations.
On a related note, BLM and the Forest Service in December 1993 began
an experiment in south central Oregon that gives the Forest
Supervisor the responsibility for both the Fremont National Forest
and BLM's Lakeview District. The Fremont National Forest covers 1.2
million acres and has 248 full-time employees; the Forest
Supervisor's office is also located in Lakeview. BLM's Lakeview
District includes 3.4 million acres of mostly high desert rangeland
and has 80 full-time employees. The combined annual budget of the
two offices totals about $25 million. This experiment, scheduled to
run for 6 months, could provide a model for improving interagency
coordination and communication as well as for streamlining the work
of both agencies and improving customer services.
NATIONAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW
CALLS FOR SIGNIFICANTLY
REDUCED FEDERAL STAFFING
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :4.3
In addition to the decline in staff resulting from decreased timber
sales, both BLM and the Forest Service will have to absorb a portion
of the 252,000-person reduction in federal positions that the
administration plans to achieve by 1999. Both the Forest Service and
BLM have reacted to the September 1993 National Performance Review by
initiating studies.
The Forest Service has undertaken a reorganization study. Currently
under consideration is a change from a four-level to a two-level
structure, whereby regional offices and ranger district offices could
be eliminated. The Forest Service expects to have a final report by
September 1994.
BLM created a task force to review the organization of its Washington
Office to complete a "right-sizing" effort and to meet the goals of
the National Performance Review. At a March 1994 meeting of senior
managers, however, BLM decided to retain its three-tier field
structure and concentrate on making the organization more efficient
under its present structure. In addition, BLM plans to hold an
additional management meeting soon to refine the mission of the
agency and to decide on its structure.
NEW NATURAL RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT APPROACH WILL FUEL
CURRENT EFFORTS AND REQUIRE
MORE REFORMS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :5
Both BLM and the Forest Service have committed to implementing
ecosystem management, which focuses on managing federal lands and
natural resources along ecological rather than political or
administrative boundaries. The National Performance Review also
endorses a shift to a new land management approach that would affect
these agencies. This effort is strongly endorsed by the current
administration, and BLM and the Forest Service currently are in the
planning stages of implementing this new approach.
The ecosystem management approach includes new levels of interagency
communication and coordination, increased monitoring efforts, more
adaptive management practices, and greater public involvement in the
decision-making process. However, since the boundaries of natural
systems and of the ecosystems that they combine to form are not
consistent with the boundaries of existing federal land units,
ecosystem management may require that activities and uses be
coordinated and managed across the existing federal land units and
agencies.
With this transition to ecosystem management, the agencies are
reviewing their existing organizations to determine whether they have
sufficient people with the necessary skills to implement this new
management approach. The new emphasis on multiple resources and the
cumulative effects of management actions on the environment will
necessitate an increase in such personnel as wildlife biologists and
hydrologists. In addition, the establishment of a unified resource
data base across federal agencies will increase the need for computer
expertise. On the other hand, the ecosystem approach to managing
natural resources also has the potential to increase the efficiency
and effectiveness of land management agencies by improving
coordination and decreasing duplicate efforts.
In recent testimony\1 on reforming the Forest Service, we commented
on the importance of ecosystem management in any efforts to
restructure and refocus the existing programs to achieve new
initiatives. Many of the issues needing to be considered when
developing a strategy to reform the Forest Service transcend the
agency's existing jurisdictional boundaries and affect the future
effectiveness and efficiency of the other three primary land
management agencies--the Department of the Interior's National Park
Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, and BLM. In our testimony, we
said that the current fiscal climate demands that the Forest Service
and the other land management agencies search for ways to reduce
costs, increase efficiency, and improve service to the public.
Furthermore, we expressed the view that opportunities exist to
increase the efficiency of federal land management by refocusing,
combining, or eliminating certain missions, programs, activities, or
field locations.
We encouraged the Forest Service to work closely with the Congress
and the other federal land management agencies to find ways to
operate more efficiently and to manage activities and uses across the
existing federal land units so as to preserve the nation's natural
resources and sustain their long-term economic productivity. We
suggested that to accomplish these objectives, a coordinated
interagency strategy may be needed to link the Forest Service's
reforms to reforms being considered by other federal land management
agencies.
--------------------
\1 Forest Service Management: Issues to Be Considered in Developing
a New Stewardship Strategy (GAO/T-RCED-94-116, Feb. 1, 1994).
LEGAL AND OPERATIONAL
DIFFERENCES COMPLICATE THE
REFORM PROCESS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :6
Many legal and operational issues need to be resolved before any
consolidation of BLM's and the Forest Service's forestry functions
can occur. Among these issues are the different emphases in the
controlling legislation. These differences include the potential
conflict between the mandate in the O&C Act emphasizing timber and
(1) the emphasis on the multiple-use philosophy of other controlling
legislation and (2) the evolving emphasis on ecosystem processes and
health in the preferred alternative resulting from the President's
Forest Conference. Finally, BLM and the Forest Service are located
within two different departments and have different agency heads,
overall organizational missions, and operating procedures and
practices.
CONTROLLING LEGISLATION
SUGGESTS DIFFERENT EMPHASES
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :6.1
Under different controlling legislation with different legislative
emphases, BLM and the Forest Service manage lands in western Oregon.
The interpretation and application of these various laws make land
management complex.
Both agencies generally manage their lands under laws with an
emphasis on multiple use; that is, BLM operates under the Federal
Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.),
while the Forest Service follows the Multiple-Use, Sustained Yield
Act of 1960 (16 U.S.C. 528-531) and the National Forest Management
Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.). These acts suggest that the
land should be managed for all of the various renewable resources so
that they are used in a combination that will best meet the needs of
the American people.
Complicating the situation, however, is the existence of the O&C Act
of 1937, which emphasizes timber. This act requires BLM and the
Forest Service to manage the O&C lands under the principle of having
a sustained yield "for the purpose of providing a permanent source of
timber supply, protecting watersheds, regulating stream flow, and
contributing to the economic stability of local communities and
industries, and providing recreational facilities." The United States
Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit has held that the act requires
BLM and the Forest Service to manage these lands predominantly for
timber production. This emphasis on timber is further supported by
section 701(b) of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976,
which specifies that if a conflict or an inconsistency in the
management of timber resources arises between this act and the O&C
Act, the O&C Act shall prevail.
OPERATIONAL DIFFERENCES
REQUIRE RESOLUTION
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :6.2
Other programmatic concerns also need to be resolved before a
consolidation of BLM and the Forest Service in western Oregon could
occur. Although the two agencies manage adjoining lands and have
parallel forestry organizations, each agency operates under its own
regulations, policies, procedures, and practices. The agencies'
timber sales programs differ in such areas as contract procedures,
the treatment of roads constructed by timber purchasers, and
revenue-sharing formulas. In BLM's timber sales, for example, the
purchaser pays for the timber before it is harvested; for the Forest
Service's timber sales, the purchaser pays for the timber only as it
is harvested.
Additionally, the Forest Service provides credits to timber
purchasers for constructing the roads necessary to harvest the
timber; these credits can be used instead of cash to pay for timber
harvested. BLM provides no such credits to its timber purchasers,
who factor the cost of building the access roads into their bids for
individual timber sales. Furthermore, for revenue-sharing on timber
sales, BLM remits 50 percent of the gross timber receipts on its
lands to the counties where the timber is located; the Forest Service
pays the counties 25 percent of the gross timber receipts, which
includes the credits provided to the timber purchaser for
constructing access roads.
OBSERVATIONS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :7
Although previous studies, such as the 1985 interchange study, found
that consolidating BLM's and the Forest Service's functions in
western Oregon was feasible, they did not result in any significant
downsizing or reorganization efforts. However, significantly reduced
federal timber sales and efforts to reduce the budget deficit and the
size of the federal work force by 252,000 federal positions by 1999
will require major changes. Both BLM and the Forest Service have
actions under way or planned in response to these forces. However,
new ecosystem management approaches, if successful, offer the
potential for the most significant changes by integrating and
coordinating the two agencies' programs and activities and
eliminating duplication.
AGENCY COMMENTS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :8
We discussed the facts and observations in this report with the
Deputy Regional Forester for Administration and the Director for
Fiscal and Public Safety of the Forest Service's Pacific Northwest
Region and the State Director and Deputy State Directors of BLM's
Oregon State Office. We also discussed this information with timber
management officials at both agencies' headquarters offices. The
agency officials agreed that the facts and observations presented
accurately reflect the current situation in western Oregon and the
issues affecting both agencies.
SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :9
To address the issues you asked us to review, we reviewed the 1985
Interchange of Land Management Responsibilities Implementation Guide
for Oregon and Washington. However, we did not attempt to validate
the methodology or results of the 1985 study because of the numerous
other factors currently affecting the agencies' operations.
To obtain information on the agencies' current structure and
reorganization efforts and on issues affecting them in western
Oregon, we interviewed officials at the Forest Service's Pacific
Northwest Region and BLM's Oregon State Office and reviewed
documentation they provided, including the Report of the Forest
Ecosystem Management Assessment Team.
To determine the legal issues or constraints, we reviewed the
applicable legislation, including the Oregon and California Sustained
Yield Act of 1937; the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of
1976; the Multiple-Use, Sustained Yield Act of 1960; and the National
Forest Management Act of 1976.
Our review was performed between September 1993 and March 1994, in
accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards.
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :9.1
As arranged with your office, unless you publicly announce its
contents earlier, we plan no further distribution of this report
until 10 days after the date of this letter. At that time, we will
send copies to the Secretaries of Agriculture and the Interior. We
will make copies available to others on request.
Please call me at (206) 287-4810 if you or your staff have any
questions about this report. Major contributors to this report
include Linda L. Harmon, Assistant Director, and Carole J.
Blackwell, Evaluator-in-Charge.
Sincerely yours,
James K. Meissner
Associate Director, Timber
LOCATIONS, NUMBER OF AUTHORIZED
POSITIONS, AND TIMBER HARVESTED IN
WESTERN OREGON AS OF SEPTEMBER 30,
1993
=========================================================== Appendix I
Number Timber Timber
of harvested\ harvested\
position a a
Agency Location s in 1985\b in 1993\b
-------------------------- ------------------ -------- ---------- ----------
Bureau of Land Management
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Salem District Salem 97
Yamhill Resource Area Salem 29
Alsea Resource Area Salem 24
Clackamas Resource Area Salem 24
Santiam Resource Area Salem 24
Tillamook Resource Area Tillamook 25
================================================================================
Subtotal 223 246.2 7.3
Eugene District Eugene 94
McKenzie Resource Area Eugene 34
South Valley Resource Area Eugene 32
Coast Range Resource Area Eugene 34
================================================================================
Subtotal 194 212.9 7.9
Coos Bay District Coos Bay/North 97
Bend
Umpqua Resource Area Coos Bay/North 35
Bend
Tioga Resource Area Coos Bay/North 32
Bend
Myrtlewood Resource Area Coos Bay/North 39
Bend
================================================================================
Subtotal 203 216.1 7.0
Roseburg District Roseburg 90
Mt. Scott Resource Area Roseburg 37
Tyee Resource Area Roseburg 32
South Douglas Resource Roseburg 35
Area
================================================================================
Subtotal 194 173.2 3.0
Medford District Medford 117
Glendale Resource Area Medford 38
Grants Pass Resource Area Medford 44
Butte Falls Resource Area Medford 35
Ashland Resource Area Medford 45
================================================================================
Subtotal 279 115.1 23.3
Total BLM positions in
western Oregon and timber 1,093 963.5 48.5
harvested
Forest Service
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Willamette National Forest Eugene 164
Blue River Ranger District Blue River 47
Detroit Ranger District Mill City 60
Lowell Ranger District Lowell 37
McKenzie Ranger District McKenzie Bridge 46
Oakridge Ranger District Westfir 63
Rigdon Ranger District Oakridge 68
Sweet Home Ranger District Sweet Home 61
================================================================================
Subtotal 546 786.9 54.2
Siuslaw National Forest Corvallis 99
Alsea Ranger District Alsea 29
Hebo Ranger District Hebo 31
Mapleton Ranger District Mapleton 36
Waldport Ranger District Waldport 40
Oregon Dunes NRA\c Reedsport 18
Angell Job Corps/CCC\d Yachats 49
================================================================================
Subtotal 302 278.4 5.3
Umpqua National Forest Roseburg 119
Cottage Grove Ranger Cottage Grove 36
District
Tiller Ranger District Tiller 68
Diamond Lake Ranger Idleyld Park 46
District
North Umpqua Ranger Glide 57
District
Wolf Creek Job Corps/CCC Glide 48
Dorena Tree Improvement Cottage Grove 9
================================================================================
Subtotal 383 416.7 6.6
Siskiyou National Forest Grants Pass 95
Chetco Ranger District Brookings 29
Galice Ranger District Grants Pass 44
Gold Beach Ranger District Gold Beach 43
Illinois Valley Ranger Cave Junction 39
District
Powers Ranger District Powers 39
Engineering Zones Grants Pass 55
================================================================================
Subtotal 344 207.0 3.5
Rogue River National Medford 117
Forest
Applegate Ranger District Jacksonville 35
Ashland Ranger District Ashland 24
Butte Falls Ranger Butte Falls 30
District
Prospect Ranger District Prospect 55
J. Herbert Stone Nursery Medford 29
================================================================================
Subtotal 290 200.3 10.5
================================================================================
Total Forest Service 1,865 1,889.3 80.1
positions in western
Oregon and timber
harvested
Total BLM/Forest Service 2,958 2,852.8 128.6
positions in western
Oregon and timber
harvested
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a In million of board feet.
\b Fiscal year.
\c National Recreation Area.
\d Civilian Conservation Center.