Defense of Marriage Act (Letter Report, 01/31/97, GAO/OGC-97-16).

Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO identified federal laws in
which benefits, rights, and privileges are contingent on marital status.

GAO found that: (1) it conducted searches for various words or word
stems chosen to elicit marital status, in several electronic databases
that contain the text of federal laws; (2) this collection of laws is as
complete and representative as can be produced by a global electronic
search of the kind GAO conducted; (3) its data include only laws
classified to the United States Code; and (4) no conclusions can be
drawn from its identification of a law as one in which marital status is
a factor, concerning the effect of the law on married people versus
single people.

--------------------------- Indexing Terms -----------------------------

 REPORTNUM:  OGC-97-16
     TITLE:  Defense of Marriage Act
      DATE:  01/31/97
   SUBJECT:  Statutory law
             Beneficiaries
             Legal rights

             
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GAO/OGC-97-16

B-275860

January 31, 1997

The Honorable Henry J. Hyde
Chairman, Committee on the Judiciary
House of Representatives

Dear Mr. Chairman:

The Defense of Marriage Act,[1] which became law on September 21 of 
last year, defines "marriage" as "a legal union between one man and 
one woman as husband and wife"; similarly it defines "spouse" as 
referring "only to a person of the opposite sex who is a husband or a 
wife."  Because the Act makes both definitions apply "[i]n determining 
the meaning of any Act of Congress," it potentially affects the 
interpretation of a wide variety of federal laws in which marital 
status is a factor.

In connection with the enactment of the Defense of Marriage Act, you 
asked us, in your September 5, 1996, letter, to identify federal laws 
in which benefits, rights, and privileges are contingent on marital 
status.  Your staff agreed that we should identify more generally all 
those laws in the United States Code in which marital status is a 
factor, even though some of these laws may not directly create 
benefits, rights, or privileges.
  
To find laws that meet these criteria, we conducted searches for 
various words or word stems ("marr," "spouse," "widow," etc.), chosen 
to elicit marital status, in several electronic databases that contain 
the text of federal laws.   From the collection of laws in the United 
States Code that we found through those searches, we eliminated (1) 
laws that included one or more of our search terms but that were not 
relevant to your request[2] and (2) as agreed with your staff, any 
laws enacted after the Defense of Marriage Act.  The result is a 
collection of 1049 federal laws classified to the United States Code 
in which marital status is a factor.

This collection of laws is as complete and representative as can be 
produced by a global electronic search of the kind we conducted, but 
such a search has several limitations.  Most significantly, it cannot 
capture every individual law in the United States Code in which 
marital status figures.  However, we believe that the probability is 
high that it has identified those programs in the Code in which 
marital status is a factor.

Because of the inherent limitations of any computer search[3] and the 
many ways in which the laws in the United States Code may have dealt 
with marital status, the only way to create an exhaustive list of laws 
in the Code implicating marital status would be to read and analyze 
the Code in its entirety.  We believe that such an effort would not 
generate substantially more useful information than we have provided 
here.

A second caveat concerning our data is that they include only laws 
classified to the United States Code.  As you know, the Code is a 
compendium of "general and permanent" laws.  Although appropriations 
and annual authorizations, for example, might contain references to 
marital status, they are typically in effect for a single year, and 
therefore do not appear in the Code.

Finally, no conclusions can be drawn, from our identification of a law 
as one in which marital status is a factor, concerning the effect of 
the law on married people versus single people.  A particular law may 
create either advantages or disadvantages for those who are married, 
or may apply to both married and single people.  For example, those 
who are unmarried fare better than their married counterparts under 
the so-called marriage penalty provisions of the tax laws, while 
married couples enjoy estate tax benefits not available to the 
unmarried.  Other laws apply both to married and single people by 
virtue of terms like "survivors," "relatives," family," and 
"household."

The raw data produced by our searches were in a form that made them 
unwieldy and difficult to use.  One reason for this is the sheer 
number of individual laws that we identified.  Also, we conducted 
multiple searches in several databases, resulting in several separate 
lists in varying formats.  Finally, the laws on the lists were 
organized as they are in the United States Code; for a reader 
attempting to understand what kinds of laws make marital status a 
factor, that organization is not consistently helpful.  Some of the 
Code's 50 titles contain laws on seemingly unrelated subjects.  Title 
42, under the broad designation "The Public Health and Welfare," 
includes laws ranging from Social Security to nuclear waste disposal 
to civil rights and privacy protection.  Conversely, closely parallel 
provisions may appear in different titles:  benefits for most federal 
civil servants are in Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, 
but similar provisions for Foreign Service officers are in Title 22, 
Foreign Relations and Intercourse. 

To give readers a sense of the kinds of federal laws in which marital 
status is a factor, we classified the laws on the list into the 
following 13 categories[4]:

        Social Security and Related Programs, Housing, and Food Stamps
        Veterans' Benefits
        Taxation
        Federal Civilian and Military Service Benefits
        Employment Benefits and Related Laws
        Immigration, Naturalization, and Aliens
        Indians
        Trade, Commerce, and Intellectual Property
        Financial Disclosure and Conflict of Interest
        Crimes and Family Violence
        Loans, Guarantees, and Payments in Agriculture
        Federal Natural Resources and Related Laws
        Miscellaneous Laws

While we believe this classification scheme is useful for organizing 
the hundreds of statutes on the list, and for representing the range 
of federal programs and activities in which the law makes marital 
status relevant, it should not be regarded as definitive.  Other ways 
of categorizing these laws would be equally valid.  Moreover, the 
categories we use are not mutually exclusive:  many laws could 
arguably be in a different category.  A general description of each 
category and a few examples of the laws it contains are in enclosure 
I.  The full lists of statutes in each category are in enclosure II.

As arranged with your staff, unless you announce its contents earlier, 
we plan no further distribution of this letter for 7 days after its 
issue date.  At that time, we will make copies available on request.

If you have any questions, please call me at (202) 512-8203 or Susan 
Poling, Assistant General Counsel, at (202) 512-2667.

Sincerely yours,



Barry R. Bedrick
Associate General Counsel

Enclosures - 2


ENCLOSURE I

Categories of Laws Involving Marital Status
Category 1-Social Security and Related Programs, Housing, and Food 
Stamps

This category includes the major federal health and welfare programs, 
particularly those considered entitlements, such as Social Security 
retirement and disability benefits, food stamps, welfare, and Medicare 
and Medicaid.[1]  Most of these laws are found in Title 42 of the 
United States Code, The Public Health and Welfare; food stamp 
legislation is in Title 7, Agriculture.

In many of these programs, recognition of the marital relationship is 
integral to the design of the program.  For example, the law 
establishing the Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) 
program (Social Security) is written in terms of the rights of 
husbands and wives, and widows and widowers.  Once the law sets forth 
the basic right of an individual participant to retirement benefits, 
it prescribes in great detail the corresponding rights of the current 
or former spouse.  Whether one is eligible for Social Security 
payments, and if so how much one receives, are both dependent on 
marital status.  This is reflected in the provisions for what happens 
upon the death of a beneficiary:  if certain conditions are met, then 
a spouse or a divorced spouse (as well as a widow or widower) has a 
right to payments based on the marriage, rather than on his or her own 
earnings.

The part of the Social Security Act that governs the OASDI program is 
unusual in that, unlike many other laws we have identified, it defines 
the terms "husband" and "wife."  It does so in terms of state law:  a 
person is the wife or husband of an insured individual for purposes of 
OASDI if "the courts of the State [of domicile] ï¿½ would find that such 
applicant and such insured individual were validly married ï¿½" or, if 
not, that under the state's laws of intestate succession, the person 
would have the same status with respect to the individual's property 
as a wife or husband, widow or widower.  Those 65 or older who are 
eligible for Social Security retirement benefits, or who have received 
Social Security disability benefits for at least 2 years, are also 
eligible for benefits under Medicare.

The Social Security Act also authorizes the Supplemental Security 
Income (SSI) program, for the needy aged, blind, and disabled.  Under 
SSI, both the level of income to determine eligibility and the level 
of benefits for those who are eligible differ, depending whether the 
applicant has an eligible spouse or not.  SSI defines "eligible 
spouse" as an aged, blind, or disabled individual who is the husband 
or wife of another aged, blind, or disabled individual.  The SSI law 
goes on to say that, in determining whether two individuals are 
husband and wife, state law will generally apply, except that if a man 
and a woman have been determined to be husband and wife for purpose of 
OASDI or, if a man and woman are found to be holding themselves out to 
the community as husband and wife, they are also husband and wife for 
purposes of SSI.

Child support enforcement is another program, also established under 
the Social Security Act, that contains provisions affecting spouses.  
Its purpose is to provide help (1) in enforcing the support 
obligations of absent parents to their children and to the spouse with 
whom the children may be living, and (2) in obtaining child and 
spousal support.  If an obligation has been established under state 
law for one spouse to support another, and if the supported spouse is 
receiving assistance under Medicaid (see below) or AFDC (Aid to 
Families with Dependent Children), then a state participating in the 
child support enforcement program must help enforce the support 
obligation.

Medicaid is a jointly funded federal-state entitlement program to 
provide medical assistance to qualifying low-income people, including 
those eligible for AFDC[2] and SSI, non-AFDC low-income children and 
pregnant women, and low-income Medicare beneficiaries.  In determining 
a person's eligibility for Medicaid based on income, states may 
consider the spouse's financial responsibility for the person, but may 
not consider anyone else's financial responsibility.  Spouses are 
considered "essential" to individuals receiving Medicaid benefits, and 
are therefore eligible for medical assistance themselves.  The 
Medicaid statute also prescribes how to account for the income and 
resources of the spouse of an institutionalized person, for purposes 
of determining that person's eligibility for benefits.

In the broad federal program of housing assistance for low-income 
families the definition of "families" takes marital status into 
account.  For some purposes, the term means families whose heads, or 
their spouses, are elderly, near-elderly, or disabled.  However, the 
same provision includes a definition of families-"2 or more elderly 
persons, near-elderly persons, or persons with disabilities living 
together"-that does not require any marital relationship.  The same 
law makes marital status a factor in determining whether a family 
qualifies for assistance in terms of income.  Applicants may exclude 
$550 for each family member who is under 18, or is disabled or 
handicapped or a full-time student, but this exclusion does not apply 
to "the head of the household or his spouse."  Also to be excluded is 
any payment by a member of the family for the support and maintenance 
of a spouse or former spouse who does not live in the household.

In the National Affordable Housing program, marital status also is 
significant.  The program is intended to assist families, and 
particularly "first-time homebuyers," in buying homes.  "First-time 
homebuyer" is defined, in part, as an individual "and his or her 
spouse" who have not owned a home during the preceding 3 years.

In the Food Stamp program (also to be broadly affected by welfare 
reform), marital status is not central, but does play a role.  
Eligibility for benefits under the program is determined on the basis 
of households, and "household" includes not only spouses who live 
together, but also groups of individuals who live together and 
customarily buy and prepare food together.

Category 2-Veterans' Benefits

Veterans' benefits, which are codified in Title 38 of the United 
States Code, include pensions, indemnity compensation for 
service-connected deaths, medical care, nursing home care, right to 
burial in veterans' cemeteries, educational assistance, and housing.  
Husbands or wives of veterans have many rights and privileges by 
virtue of the marital relationship.

A surviving spouse or child of a veteran is entitled to receive 
monthly dependency and indemnity compensation payments when the 
veteran's death was service-connected, and to receive a monthly 
pension when the veteran's death was not service-connected.  If it is 
discovered that a veteran's marriage is invalid, the purported 
marriage may nevertheless be deemed valid under certain circumstances, 
as long as a "real" widow or widower does not ask for benefits.

Veterans who have at least a 30 percent disability are entitled to 
additional disability compensation if they have dependents.  For this 
purpose a spouse is considered a dependent.  A veteran's spouse may 
also receive compensation if a veteran disappears.  On the other hand, 
a spouse's estate is considered along with the veteran's when the 
Secretary of Veterans Affairs determines whether it is reasonable that 
some part of the veteran's assets be used for the veteran's 
maintenance and whether the Secretary should discontinue paying the 
pension. 

The spouses of certain veterans are entitled to medical care provided 
by the government.  In determining, based on income and assets, 
whether a veteran has the ability to defray necessary home care and 
medical expenses, the property of the spouse of the veteran is 
included as an asset of the veteran.  Spouses of veterans may be 
beneficiaries of National Service Life Insurance, and are also 
eligible for interment in national cemeteries if the veteran is 
eligible.  The surviving spouse of a veteran who died of a 
service-connected disability is entitled to educational assistance for 
up to 45 months, and to job counseling, training, and placement 
services.  Spouses and widows or widowers of certain veterans also 
enjoy preferences in federal employment.

Category 3-Taxation

The distinction between married and unmarried status is pervasive in 
federal tax law; this is one of the largest categories, with 179 
provisions.  Tax law does not define such terms as "husband," "wife," 
or "married."

Marital status figures in federal tax law in provisions as basic as 
those giving married taxpayers the option to file joint or separate 
income tax returns.  It is also seen in the related provisions 
prescribing different tax consequences depending on whether a taxpayer 
is married filing jointly, married filing separately, unmarried but 
the head of a household, or unmarried and not the head of a household.

The different treatment in the tax code of married couples and single 
individuals gives rise to one of the most contentious tax policy 
issues, the so-called marriage penalty (and its counterpart, the 
marriage bonus).  This issue comes into play in connection with income 
tax rates, the treatment of capital losses, credits for the elderly 
and disabled, taxation of Social Security benefits, and a number of 
other provisions of the tax code.  In our report, Tax Administration:  
Income Tax Treatment of Married and Single Individuals,[3] we 
identified 59 provisions in income tax law under which tax liability 
depends in part on whether a taxpayer is married or single.

Marital status also plays a key role in the estate and gift tax laws 
and in the part of the tax code dealing with taxation on the sale of 
property.  For estate tax purposes, property transferred to one spouse 
as the result of the death of another is deductible for purposes of 
determining the value of the decedent's estate.  Gifts from one spouse 
to another are deductible for purposes of the gift tax.  Gifts from 
one spouse to a third party are deemed to be from both spouses 
equally.  The law permits transfers of property from one spouse to 
another (or to a former spouse if the transfer is incident to a 
divorce) without any recognition of gain or loss for tax purposes.  
These provisions permit married couples to transfer substantial sums 
to one another, and to third parties, without tax liability in 
circumstances in which single people would not enjoy the same 
privilege.                                             

Category 4-Federal Civilian and Military Service Benefits

This category includes laws dealing with current and retired federal 
officers and employees, members of the Armed Forces, elected 
officials, and judges, in which marital status is a factor.  Typically 
these laws address the various health, leave, retirement, survivor, 
and insurance benefits provided by the United States to those in 
federal service and their families.

Over 270 of the 1049 provisions we found fall in this category.  They 
appear primarily in Title 5 of the United States Code, Government 
Organization and Employees, for civilian employees, and Title 10, 
Armed Forces, for military members.  However, parallel provisions are 
found in 19 other titles covering, for example, Foreign Service 
officers (Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse), Central 
Intelligence Agency employees (Title 50, War and National Defense), 
Lighthouse Service employees (Title 33, Navigation and Navigable 
Waters), and members of the Coast Guard (Title 14, Coast Guard).

Marital status is a factor in these laws in many ways.  Among the laws 
governing federal employees and officers, it figures in the following 
provisions:  a law establishing health benefits or survivor benefits 
for spouses; a law prescribing the order of precedence in payment of 
final paychecks and life insurance benefits of employees or officers 
who die without having designated a beneficiary; and a law determining 
the rights of current or former spouses to a retirement annuity after 
the death of an employee.

In addition, under provisions for reimbursement of employees' expenses 
in connection with a government-ordered relocation, spouses are 
eligible for per diem allowances or subsistence payments.  Federal 
civil service employees are entitled to unpaid leave in order to care 
for a spouse with a serious health problem, and an employee disabled 
by work-related injuries receives augmented compensation if he or she 
is married.

A different set of laws governs military personnel and their families.  
Some of the provisions unique to military service include:  employment 
assistance and transitional services for spouses of members being 
separated from military service; continued commissary privileges for 
dependents, including spouses, of members separated for spousal or 
child abuse, and the right of minor spouses of overseas military 
personnel to free secondary education through the Defense Department 
school system.

Category 5-Employment Benefits and Related Laws

Marital status comes into play in many different ways in federal laws 
relating to employment in the private sector.  Most such laws appear 
in Title 29 of the United States Code, Labor.  However, others are in 
Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining; Title 33, Navigation and Navigable 
Waters; and Title 45, Railroads.

This category includes laws that address the rights of employees under 
employer-sponsored employee benefit plans; that provide for 
continuation of employer-sponsored health benefits after events like 
the death or divorce of the employee; and that give employees the 
right to unpaid leave in order to care for a seriously ill spouse.  In 
addition, Congress has extended special benefits in connection with 
certain occupations, like mining and public safety.  The spouse of a 
coal miner who dies of black lung disease is entitled to benefits, for 
example.  The surviving spouse of a public safety officer killed in 
the line of duty is eligible for a death benefit of up to $100,000.

Spouses are sometimes excluded from coverage as employees under 
certain laws.  For example, under the National Labor Relations Act, an 
individual working for his or her spouse does not come within the 
definition of "employee," and therefore does not have the right, 
available under the Act to other employees, to organize or to engage 
in collective bargaining.  If the only regular employees of a business 
are the owner and his or her spouse, then the business is not subject 
to regulation of wages and hours under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 
1938 (FLSA).  Similarly, the spouse or other family member of an 
employer working in agriculture is not covered under FLSA requirements 
like minimum wage.

Some laws protect the interests of one spouse when the other becomes 
eligible for some benefit.  The Employee Retirement Income Security 
Act prohibits an employee from changing beneficiaries in a retirement 
plan or from waiving the joint and survivor annuity form of retirement 
benefit, without the written consent of his or her spouse.

The Railroad Retirement Act confers many rights on retired railroad 
employees and their spouses.  Spouses may be eligible for annuities 
and lump sum benefits.  Congress has also enacted a workers' 
compensation law for longshore and harbor workers that establishes 
survivor benefits for spouses.

Category 6-Immigration, Naturalization, and Aliens 

This category includes laws governing the conditions under which 
noncitizens may enter and remain in the United States, be deported, or 
become citizens.  Most are found in Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.

The law gives special consideration to spouses of immigrants and 
aliens in a wide variety of circumstances.  Under immigration law, 
aliens may receive special status by virtue of their employment, and 
that treatment may extend to their spouses.  For example, the spouses 
of aliens who come to the United States on a temporary basis (to work 
as registered nurses, seasonal agricultural workers, or in certain 
specialty occupations), and who meet other criteria, are not subject 
to the worldwide numerical limitations on levels of immigration.  
Also, spouses of aliens granted asylum can be given the same status if 
they accompany or join their spouses.

Spouses of aliens do not enjoy favored immigration status in all 
circumstances.  Posthumous citizenship is authorized for noncitizen 
members of the armed forces who die during hostilities, but not for 
their spouses.  When the government revokes the citizenship of someone 
because it was obtained through misconduct, and that person's spouse 
derived his or her citizenship from the marriage, the spouse's 
citizenship will also be revoked.

Some provisions of immigration law are designed to prevent misuse of 
marital status.  The law calls for termination of the permanent 
resident status of an alien granted on the basis of marriage, if it is 
determined that the marriage was for the purpose of procuring the 
alien's entry to the United States, or if the marriage is annulled or 
terminated (other than through the death of a spouse) within two 
years.

The Congress recently limited the eligibility of qualified aliens for 
certain federal programs-such as SSI, Temporary Assistance for Needy 
Families (which will replace AFDC), and Social Services block 
grants-but it made a few exceptions, one of which directly benefits 
spouses of veterans.  Aliens who are serving on active duty in the 
Armed Forces or who are honorably discharged veterans, and their 
spouses, remain eligible for these benefits in the same manner as a 
citizen.  Federal law also provides that the incomes of the sponsor of 
an immigrant, and of the sponsor's spouse, are to be taken into 
account in determining the immigrant's eligibility for means-tested 
public benefits.

Category 7-Indians

The indigenous peoples of the United States have long had a special 
legal relationship with the federal government through treaties and 
laws that are classified to Title 25, Indians.  Various laws set out 
the rights to tribal property of white men marrying Indian women, or 
of Indian women marrying white men, the evidence that is required, and 
the rights of children born of marriages between white men and Indian 
women.[4]

The law also establishes Indians' rights to develop descent and 
distribution rights regarding their property as long as they include 
certain provisions.  Most relevant to this discussion is the right of 
a surviving spouse who is neither an Indian nor a member of the 
deceased spouse's tribe to elect a life estate in property that he or 
she is occupying at the time of the death of the other spouse.  
Another law governing rights of Navajo and Hopi Indians gives 
relocation benefits to spouses who relinquish their life estates.

Health services can also be made available to otherwise ineligible 
spouses of an eligible Indian if all such spouses are made eligible by 
an appropriate resolution of the governing body of the tribe.  Health 
professionals seeking positions in the Indian Health Service and their 
spouses may be reimbursed for actual and reasonable expenses incurred 
in traveling to and from their homes to an area in which they could be 
assigned to allow them to evaluate the area with respect to the 
assignment.

Category 8-Trade, Commerce, and Intellectual Property

This category includes provisions concerning foreign or domestic 
business and commerce, from the following titles of the United States 
Code:  Bankruptcy, Title 11; Banks and Banking, Title 12; Commerce and 
Trade, Title 15; Copyrights, Title 17; and Customs Duties, Title 19.

Federal law prescribes the right of debtors to seek bankruptcy 
protection and the rights of creditors when their debtors adopt that 
strategy.  It expressly permits spouses to file jointly for bankruptcy 
protection.  This may benefit both the debtors and their creditors:  
the married couple pays only one filing fee and creditors file only 
one claim.

Bankruptcy law prescribes how to distribute the assets of a bankrupt 
person, assigns specific priorities to different classes of creditors, 
and permits a bankrupt debtor to be "discharged" (i.e., released) from 
the obligation to repay certain debts.  A former spouse of the debtor 
making a claim in a bankruptcy proceeding for payments pursuant to a 
divorce decree or separation agreement is given a higher priority than 
some other creditors.  Also, a discharge in bankruptcy generally does 
not relieve a debtor of the obligation to pay alimony or support to a 
spouse or former spouse in connection with a divorce decree or 
separation agreement.

The National Housing Act addresses the rights of mortgage borrowers.  
Banks often use a so-called due-on-sale clause in mortgage agreements 
that permits them to declare the loan payable in full if the borrower 
sells the property without their consent.  The Act prohibits use of 
the due-on-sale clause in case of transfers of residential property 
from one spouse to another.

For some purposes, the laws regulating investment companies and 
advisers apply not only to the advisers themselves, but also to what 
the law terms "interested persons."  "Interested persons" is defined 
to include the spouses of certain persons, of their parents, and of 
their children.

The Consumer Credit Protection Act regulates some aspects of 
garnishment of wages, a legal process whereby a creditor collects a 
debt by having the debtor's employer pay part of the debtor's wages 
directly to the creditor.  The Act establishes that at most 25 percent 
of the disposable earnings of an individual can be withheld through 
garnishment.  However, if the purpose of the garnishment is to enforce 
an order for the support of a spouse, the maximum is 60 percent or, if 
the wage earner is supporting a spouse (not the former spouse for 
whose benefit the support order was issued), 50 percent.

The Copyright Act gives renewal rights and termination rights, in some 
circumstances, to the widow or widower of the creator of a copyrighted 
work.  The law defines "widow or widower" as the creator's surviving 
spouse under the law of the creator's domicile at the time of his or 
her death, whether or not the spouse subsequently remarries.

The amount of customs duty on imported merchandise depends on its 
value.  Under the law, the actual transaction value-that is, how much 
the buyer paid the seller-may be used to establish value if the buyer 
and seller are not "related."  For this purpose, spouses are deemed to 
be related.  Also, certain countries that deny or restrict the ability 
of their citizens to emigrate in order to join "close relatives" in 
the United States can be penalized by the imposition of restrictions 
on their trade with the United States.  "Close relative," for purposes 
of this law, includes a spouse.

Under the Fresh Cut Flowers and Fresh Cut Greens Promotion and 
Information Act of 1993, the federal government provides a mechanism 
for financing programs to strengthen the market for cut flowers and 
greens, through an assessment of "handlers" of these products whose 
annual sales exceed $750,000.  Marital status comes into play in 
determining whether a handler meets the $750,000 threshold:  for this 
purpose, sales by one spouse are attributed to the other. 

Category 8-Financial Disclosure and Conflict of Interest

Federal law imposes obligations on Members of Congress, employees or 
officers of the federal government, and members of the boards of 
directors of some government-related or government-chartered entities, 
to prevent actual or apparent conflicts of interest.  These 
individuals are required to disclose publicly certain gifts, 
interests, and transactions.  Many of these requirements, which are 
found in 16 different titles of the United States Code, apply also to 
the individual's spouse. 

The law regulates the conditions under which gifts from foreign 
governments and international organizations may be accepted by spouses 
of employees of the Postal Service, the Postal Rate Commission, 
certain government contractors, employees of the District of Columbia 
government, members of the uniformed services, Members of Congress, 
the President, and the Vice President.  Employees of executive, 
legislative, and judicial agencies may not appoint relatives, 
including spouses, to agencies in which they serve or exercise 
control.  The spouses of members of the Senate may not accept, in any 
calendar year, gifts worth more than $250, without getting a waiver.

Elsewhere in the Code are rules intended to prevent conflicts of 
interest on the part of members of various councils and boards.  For 
instance, members of the boards of directors of the National Sheep 
Industry Improvement Center and the Alternative Agricultural Research 
and Commercialization Corporation are prohibited from participating in 
any matter pending before either board in which a spouse holds an 
interest.  The law governing the members of Regional Fishery 
Management Councils is somewhat different.  Members are required to 
disclose and make available for public inspection any financial 
interests they or their spouses might have in an activity that the 
councils might undertake.

Another variation in the treatment of conflict of interest involving 
spouses appears in connection with the National Foundation for 
Biomedical Research.  Instead of prescribing conflict of interest 
rules for the Foundation, the Congress directed it to devise its own 
standards.  However, those standards must ensure that officers, 
employees and agents of the Foundation (including members of the 
Board), and their spouses, avoid encumbrances that could result in a 
financial conflict of interest or a divided allegiance.

Category 10-Crimes and Family Violence

This category includes laws that implicate marriage in connection with 
criminal justice or family violence.  The nature of these provisions 
varies greatly.  Some deal with spouses as victims of crimes, others 
with spouses as perpetrators.  These laws are found primarily in Title 
18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, but some, dealing with crime 
prevention and family violence, are in Title 42, The Public Health and 
Welfare.

Attempting to influence a United States official through threats 
directed at a spouse is a federal crime, as are killing, or attempting 
to kill, foreign officials or their spouses, or threatening to kill 
certain persons protected by the Secret Service, such as major 
presidential candidates and their spouses. 

Under federal criminal statutes, spouses and others have some 
protections against domestic violence.  It is a federal crime for a 
person to travel across a state line with the intent to injure a 
spouse or "intimate partner" if that person intentionally commits a 
crime of violence and causes bodily injury to the spouse or intimate 
partner.  The term "spouse or intimate partner" is broadly defined to 
include a former spouse, someone who "shares a child in common" with 
the abuser, and someone who "cohabits or has cohabited with the abuser 
as a spouse."  

In some cases, marriage can be a factor in triggering criminal 
liability.  For example, a widow's or widower's entitlement to federal 
employee survivor payments ceases upon remarriage; such a widow or 
widower who remarries and continues to accept payment may, if found 
guilty, be fined or imprisoned.

Claiming marital status that does not exist can also be a crime.  
Falsely representing oneself to be the spouse or surviving spouse of 
an individual in order to elicit information about the Social Security 
number, date of birth, employment, wages, or benefits of that 
individual, is a felony.

Comprehensive crime control legislation directed the Attorney General 
to study the means by which abusive spouses obtain information 
concerning the addresses or locations of estranged or former spouses, 
despite the desire of the victims to have the information withheld.  
Congress also has charged the National Commission on Crime Prevention 
and Control to evaluate the adequacy of federal and state laws on 
sexual assault and the need for a more uniform statutory response to 
sex offenses.  This mandate specifically addresses sexual assaults and 
other sex offenses committed by offenders who are known, or related by 
blood or marriage, to the victim.

Criminal justice grants are given to encourage arrest of domestic 
violence offenders; "domestic violence" includes an act of violence by 
a current or former spouse.  Another provision gives nationals of the 
United States who are victims of acts of terrorism committed outside 
the United States, and their survivors, including spouses, a statutory 
right to bring a civil action for treble damages.

Category 11-Loans, Guarantees, and Payments in Agriculture  

Under many federal loan programs, a spouse's income, business 
interests, or assets are taken into account for purposes of 
determining a person's eligibility to participate in the program.  In 
other instances, marital status is a factor in determining the amount 
of federal assistance to which a person is entitled, or the repayment 
schedule.

Education loan programs are found primarily in Title 20, Education; 
housing loan programs for veterans are found in Title 38, Veterans' 
Benefits.  Title 7, Agriculture, includes provisions governing 
agricultural price supports and loan programs that are affected by the 
spousal relationship.

Under the federal family education loan program, the income and assets 
of an independent student's spouse are attributed to the student for 
purposes of determining whether the student is eligible for a loan 
and, if so, the amount.  Married couples may consolidate their 
separate student loans into one if they agree to be jointly and 
severally liable for repayment of the consolidated loan, without 
regard either to the amounts of the respective loan obligations to be 
consolidated or to any subsequent change in their marital status.  
Under the federal direct student loan program, the Secretary of 
Education, in order to determine the annual repayment amount when 
repayment is contingent on the borrower's income, may obtain 
information regarding the income not only of the borrower but also of 
the borrower's spouse.  Repayment schedules are generally based on the 
adjusted gross income of both spouses.

Many of the laws governing veterans' benefits implicate marital 
status.  Eligibility for assistance in borrowing for housing extends 
to the surviving spouses of veterans who die from a service-connected 
disability, and to the spouses of certain veterans who, for more than 
90 days, have been missing in action, captured by hostile forces, or 
forcibly detained by a foreign government.

The laws governing agriculture include provisions for price supports 
and loan programs that are affected by marital status.  For example, 
the law limits the amount of certain crop support payments that any 
one person can receive.  For this purpose, a husband and wife are 
considered to be one person, except to the extent each may have owned 
property individually before the marriage.  Also, agricultural loans 
for real estate, operating expenses, and emergencies may be made to 
"family farms," defined as those farms in which a majority interest is 
held by individuals related by marriage or blood.

Category 12-Federal Natural Resources and Related Laws

Federal law gives special rights to spouses in connection with a 
variety of transactions involving federal lands and other federal 
property.  These transactions include purchase and sale of land by the 
federal government and lease by the government of water and mineral 
rights.

When the government purchases land for national battlefields, 
monuments, seashores, or parks, the law commonly allows those from 
whom the land is purchased and their spouses to continue to use and 
occupy it during their lifetimes.  For example, those owning houses 
(and their spouses) when the Stones River National Battlefield and 
Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore were created have life estates 
in the land.  Although these laws affect relatively few individuals, 
we found more than 40 such provisions in Title 16, Conservation.

In addition to playing a role under these provisions for the 
government to buy land, spousal relationship has also been a factor in 
determining priorities among potential buyers when the government is 
selling federal lands.  For example, when Congress decided in 1955 to 
terminate ownership of land used by the Atomic Energy Commission and 
sell it to local entities and private parties, it generally barred any 
transfer of priorities for purchase, but allowed a husband and wife to 
exercise a priority in their joint names.

The marital relationship may affect whether an individual can be 
considered a surface mine owner with whom the Secretary of Labor can 
negotiate a lease.  To be designated a surface mine owner, an 
individual must hold legal or equitable title to the land for a 3-year 
period and his or her principal residence must be on the land.  In 
computing the 3-year period, the Secretary may include periods during 
which a relative by blood or marriage, including a spouse, owned the 
land.

Under laws governing reclamation and irrigation of lands by the 
federal government, the basic unit of ownership is 160 irrigable 
acres.  Under certain conditions, if the death of a spouse causes 
lands in private ownership to become excess lands (having more than 
160 acres) but those lands were eligible to receive water from a 
project under the Federal reclamation laws without a recordable 
contract, the Secretary of the Interior is authorized to furnish water 
to them, without requiring the contract, as long as the lands are 
owned by the surviving spouse.  If the surviving spouse remarries, the 
exception no longer applies, and lands in excess of 160 irrigable 
acres are appraised in the usual manner.

Category 13-Miscellaneous

This category comprises laws that do not fit readily in any of the 
other categories and that in our judgment did not warrant a separate 
category.  It is a heterogeneous mix of provisions from 14 titles of 
the United States Code.

Fourteen statutes in the Code that prohibit discrimination on the 
basis of marital status are listed in this category.  For example, 
such discrimination is prohibited in executive agencies, and is 
unlawful for a creditor in private financial transactions. 

This category includes the laws chartering various patriotic 
societies, such as the Veterans of Foreign Wars, that have as one of 
their purposes to assist the widows and children of servicemen or 
others.  The Gold Star Wives of America and Navy Wives Clubs of 
America have one of our search terms in their titles.

We also included in this category laws related to the federal 
financing of presidential election campaigns.  To be eligible for 
federal funds, candidates may not spend more than $50,000 of their own 
money or that of members of their immediate families for their 
campaigns.  A spouse or a close relative's spouse is deemed to be a 
member of the candidate's immediate family for this purpose.

ENCLOSURE II

Tables of Laws in the United States Code
Involving Marital Status, by Category



Category 1-Social Security and Related Programs, Housing, and Food Stamps

Title 7-Agriculture

      Chapter 5-Food Stamp Program

  2012   Definitions

  2014   Eligible households

  2020   Administration

  2030   Washington Family Independence Demonstration Project

  2031   Food stamp portion of Minnesota Family Investment Plan

Title 42-The Public Health And Welfare

      Chapter 7-Social Security 
           Subchapter II-Federal Old-Age, Survivors, And Disability 
           Insurance Benefits

  402    Old-age and survivors insurance benefit payments

  403    Reduction of insurance benefits

  404    Overpayments and underpayments

  405    Evidence, procedure, and certification for payments

  409    "Wages" defined

  410    Definitions relating to employment

  411    Definitions relating to self-employment

  413    Quarter and quarter of coverage

  415    Computation of primary insurance amount

  416    Additional definitions

  422    Rehabilitation services

  423    Disability insurance benefit payments

  425    Additional rules relating to benefits based on disability

  426    Entitlement to hospital insurance benefits

  426-1  End stage renal disease program

  427    Transitional insured status for purposes of old-age and 
         survivors benefits

  428    Benefits at age 72 for certain uninsured individuals

           Subchapter IV-Grants To States For Aid And Services To 
           Needy Families With Children And For Child-Welfare Services
                Part A-Aid To Families With Dependent Children 
                [Effective until July 1, 1997]

  602    State plans for aid and services to needy families with 
         children; contents; approval by Secretary; records and 
         reports; treatment of earned income advances 

  606    Definitions

  607    Dependent children of unemployed parents  

  615    Attribution of income and resources of sponsor and spouse to 
         alienPart A-Block Grants To States For Temporary Assistance 
For Needy Families [Effective on July 1, 1997]

  601    Purpose   

  604    Use of grants

  607    Mandatory work requirements 

  608    Prohibitions; requirements   

  611    Data collection and reporting   

  613    Research, evaluations, and national studies 

                Part D-Child Support And Establishment Of Paternity

  651    Authorization of appropriations

  652    Duties of Secretary

  653    Federal Parent Locator Service

  654    State plan for child and spousal support

  659    Enforcement of individual's legal obligations to provide 
         child support or make alimony payments

  661    Regulations pertaining to garnishments [Public Law 104-193 
         provides for repeal of this section, effective February 22, 
         1997.]

  662    Definitions

  664    Collection of past-due support from Federal tax refunds

  665    Allotments from pay for child and spousal support owed by 
         members of uniformed services on active duty

  666    Requirement of statutorily prescribed procedures to improve 
         effectiveness of child support enforcement

                Part E-Federal Payments For Foster Care And Adoption 
                Assistance

  679a   National Adoption Information Clearinghouse

           Subchapter V-Maternal And Child Health Services Block Grant

  710    Separate program for abstinence education

           Subchapter VII-Administration

  907a   National Commission on Social Security

           Subchapter XI-General Provisions, Peer Review, And 
           Administrative Simplification 
                Part A-General Provisions

  1319   Federal participation in payments for repairs to home owned 
         by recipient of aid or assistance

  1320a-6Adjustments in SSI benefits on account of retroactive 
         benefits under subchapter II

  1320b-1Notification of Social Security claimant with respect to 
         deferred vested benefits

  1320b-9National Commission on Children

           Subchapter XVI-Supplemental Security Income For Aged, 
           Blind,
           And Disabled
                Part A-Determination Of Benefits

  1382   Eligibility for benefits

  1382a  Income; earned and unearned income defined; exclusions from 
         income

  1382b  Resources

  1382c  Definitions  1382dRehabilitation services for blind and 
         disabled individuals

  1382g  Payments to State for operation of supplementation program

  1382h  Benefits for individuals who perform substantial gainful 
         activity despite severe medical impairment

  1382j  Attribution of sponsor's income and resources to aliens

                Part B-Procedural And General Provisions

  1383   Procedure for payment of benefits

  1383c  Eligibility for medical assistance of aged, blind, or 
         disabled individuals under State's medical assistance plan

           Subchapter XVIII-Health Insurance For Aged And Disabled
                Part A-Hospital Insurance Benefits For Aged And 
                Disabled

  1395i-2Hospital insurance benefits for uninsured elderly individuals 
         not otherwise eligible

                Part B-Supplementary Medical Insurance Benefits For 
                Aged And Disabled

  1395p  Enrollment periods

  1395r  Amount of premiums for individuals enrolled under this part

  1395s  Payment of premiums

                Part C-Miscellaneous Provisions

  1395y  Exclusions from coverage and medicare as secondary payer

  1395gg Overpayment on behalf of individuals and settlement of claims 
         for benefits on behalf of deceased individuals

  1395mm Payments to health maintenance organizations and competitive 
         medical plans

           Subchapter XIX-Grants To States For Medical Assistance 
           Programs

  1396a  State plans for medical assistance

  1396b  Payment to States

  1396d  Definitions

  1396p  Liens, adjustments and recoveries, and transfers of assets

  1396r  Requirements for nursing facilities

  1396r-5Treatment of income and resources for certain 
         institutionalized spouses

  1396u-1Assuring coverage for certain low-income families

  1396v  References to laws directly affecting medicaid program

      Chapter 8-Low-Income Housing
           Subchapter I-General Program Of Assisted Housing

  1437a  Rental payments

      Chapter 8A-Slum Clearance, Urban Renewal, And Farm Housing
           Subchapter III-Farm Housing

  1471   Financial assistance by Secretary of Agriculture

      Chapter 32-Third Party Liability For Hospital And Medical Care

  2651   Recovery by United States

      Chapter 130-National Affordable Housing 
           Subchapter I-General Provisions And Policies

  12704  Definitions

  12713  Eligibility under first-time homebuyer programsSubchapter 
III-National Homeownership Trust Demonstration

  12852  Assistance for first-time homebuyers

  12854  Definitions

           Subchapter IV-Hope For Homeownership Of Multifamily And
           Single Family Homes
                Part B-Hope For Homeownership Of Single Family Homes

  12896  Definitions


                    Category 2-Veterans' Benefits

Title 5-Government Organization And Employees

      Part III-Employees
           Subpart A-General Provisions
                Chapter 21-Definitions

  2108   Veteran; disabled veteran; preference eligible

Title 38-Veterans' Benefits

      Part I-General Provisions
           Chapter 1-General

  101    Definitions

  102    Dependent parents

  103    Special provisions relating to marriages

  113    Treatment of certain programs under sequestration procedures

           Chapter 3-Department Of Veterans Affairs

  306    Under Secretary for Health

           Chapter 5-Authority And Duties Of The Secretary
                Subchapter I-General Authorities

  503    Administrative error; equitable relief

  511    Decisions of the Secretary; finality

      Part II-General Benefits
           Chapter 11-Compensation For Service-Connected Disability Or 
           Death 
                Subchapter I-General  

  1102   Special provisions relating to surviving spouses

                Subchapter II-Wartime Disability Compensation

  1115   Additional compensation for dependents

  1116   Presumptions of service connection for diseases associated 
         with exposure to certain herbicide agents

                Subchapter III-Wartime Death Compensation

  1121   Basic entitlement

  1122   Rates of wartime death compensation

                Subchapter V-Peacetime Death Compensation

  1141   Basic entitlement

                Subchapter VI-General Compensation Provisions

  1158   Disappearance

           Chapter 13-Dependency And Indemnity Compensation For 
           Service-Connected Deaths
                Subchapter I-General  

  1302   Determination of pay grade

  1304   Special provisions relating to surviving spouses

                Subchapter II-Dependency And Indemnity Compensation

  1310   Deaths entitling survivors to dependency and indemnity 
         compensation

  1311   Dependency and indemnity compensation to a surviving spouse

  1312   Benefits in certain cases of in-service or service-connected 
         deaths

  1313   Dependency and indemnity compensation to children  
         1314Supplemental dependency and indemnity compensation to 
         children

  1315   Dependency and indemnity compensation to parents

  1316   Dependency and indemnity compensation in cases of prior 
         deaths

  1317   Restriction on payments under this chapter

  1318   Benefits for survivors of certain veterans rated totally 
         disabled at time of death

                Subchapter III-Certifications

  1322   Certifications with respect to social security entitlement

           Chapter 15-Pension For Non-Service-Connected Disability Or 
           Death
           Or For Service
                Subchapter I-General

  1503   Determinations with respect to annual income

  1505   Payment of pension during confinement in penal institutions

  1506   Resource reports and overpayment adjustments 

  1507   Disappearance

                Subchapter II-Veterans' Pensions
                     Non-Service-Connected Disability Pension

  1521   Veterans of a period of war

  1522   Net worth limitation

                Subchapter III-Pensions To Surviving Spouses And 
                Children
                     Wars Before World War I

  1532   Surviving spouses of Civil War veterans

  1533   Children of Civil War veterans

  1534   Surviving spouses of Indian War veterans

  1535   Children of Indian War veterans

  1536   Surviving spouses of Spanish-American War veterans

  1537   Children of Spanish-American War veterans

  1541   Surviving spouses of veterans of a period of war

  1542   Children of veterans of a period of war

  1543   Net worth limitation

           Chapter 17-Hospital, Nursing Home, Domiciliary, And Medical 
           Care
                Subchapter I-General

  1701   Definitions

                Subchapter II-Hospital, Nursing Home, Or Domiciliary 
                Care And Medical Treatment

  1713   Medical care for survivors and dependents of certain veterans

                Subchapter III-Miscellaneous Provisions Relating To 
                Hospital And Nursing Home Care And Medical Treatment 
                Of Veterans

  1722   Determination of inability to defray necessary expenses; 
         income thresholds

  1729   Recovery by the United States of the cost of certain care and 
         services

           Chapter 19-Insurance
                Subchapter I-National Service Life Insurance

  1901   Definitions

  1916   Insurance which matured before August 1, 1946  
         1918Assignments

  1922   Service disabled veterans' insurance

                Subchapter II-United States Government Life Insurance

  1953   Assignments

                Subchapter III-Servicemen's Group Life Insurance

  1965   Definitions

  1970   Beneficiaries; payment of insurance

           Chapter 23-Burial Benefits

  2307   Death from service-connected disability

           Chapter 24-National Cemeteries And Memorials

  2402   Persons eligible for interment in national cemeteries

      Part III-Readjustment And Related Benefits
           Chapter 30-All-Volunteer Force Educational Assistance 
           Program
                Subchapter II-Basic Educational Assistance

  3017   Death benefit

           Chapter 32-Post-Vietnam Era Veterans' Educational 
           Assistance
                Subchapter II-Eligibility; Contributions; And Matching 
                Fund

  3224   Death of participant

           Chapter 34-Veterans' Educational Assistance
                Subchapter I-Purpose-Definitions

  3452   Definitions

                Subchapter V-Special Assistance For The Educationally 
                Disadvantaged

  3492   Tutorial assistance

           Chapter 35-Survivors' And Dependents' Educational 
           Assistance
                Subchapter I-Definitions

  3500   Purpose

  3501   Definitions

                Subchapter II-Eligibility And Entitlement

  3511   Duration of educational assistance

  3512   Periods of eligibility

                Subchapter IV-Payments To Eligible Persons

  3534   Apprenticeship or other on-job training; correspondence 
         courses

           Chapter 36-Administration Of Educational Benefits   
           Subchapter II-Miscellaneous Provisions

  3680   Payment of educational assistance or subsistence allowances

  3686   Correspondence courses

           Chapter 41-Job Counseling, Training, And Placement Service 
           For Veterans

  4101   Definitions

      Part IV-General Administrative Provisions
           Chapter 51-Claims, Effective Dates, And Payments
                Subchapter I-Claims

  5101   Claims and forms  5105Joint applications for social security 
         and dependency and indemnity compensation

                Subchapter II-Effective Dates

  5110   Effective dates of awards

  5111   Commencement of period of payment

  5112   Effective dates of reductions and discontinuances

                Subchapter III-Payment Of Benefits

  5120   Payment of benefits; delivery

  5121   Payment of certain accrued benefits upon death of a 
         beneficiary

  5123   Rounding down of pension rates

  5124   Acceptance of claimant's statement as proof of relationship

           Chapter 53-Special Provisions Relating To Benefits

  5303A  Minimum active-duty service requirement

  5304   Prohibition against duplication of benefits

  5307   Apportionment of benefits

  5310   Payment of benefits for month of death

  5311   Prohibition of certain benefit payments

  5313   Limitation on payment of compensation and dependency and 
         indemnity compensation to persons incarcerated for conviction 
         of a felony

           Chapter 55-Minors, Incompetents, And Other Wards

  5502   Payments to and supervision of fiduciaries

  5503   Hospitalized veterans and estates of incompetent 
         institutionalized veterans

           Chapter 61-Penal And Forfeiture Provisions

  6103   Forfeiture for fraud

      Part V-Boards, Administrations, And Services
           Chapter 72-United States Court Of Veterans Appeals
                Subchapter V-Retirement And Survivors Annuities

  7297   Survivor annuities

           Chapter 73-Veterans Health Administration-Organization And 
           Functions
                Subchapter III-Protection Of Patient Rights

  7332   Confidentiality of certain medical records

           Chapter 74-Veterans Health Administration-Personnel
                Subchapter II-Collective Bargaining And Personnel 
                Administration

  7426   Retirement rights

      Part VI-Acquisition And Disposition Of Property
           Chapter 85-Disposition Of Deceased Veterans' Personal 
           Property
                Subchapter I-Property Left On Department Facility

  8502   Disposition of unclaimed personal property

  8504   Disposition of other unclaimed property

                Subchapter II-Death While Patient Of Department 
                Facility

  8520   Vesting of property left by decedents

  8521   Presumption of contract for disposition of personalty
Title 42-The Public Health And Welfare

      Chapter 7-Social Security
           Subchapter II-Federal Old-Age, Survivors, And Disability 
           Insurance Benefits

  417    Benefits for veterans


Category 3-Taxation

Title 26-Internal Revenue Code

      Subtitle A-Income Taxes
           Chapter 1-Normal Taxes And Surtaxes
                Subchapter A-Determination Of Tax Liability
                     Part I-Tax On Individuals

  1      Tax imposed

  2      Definitions and special rules

                     Part IV-Credits Against Tax
                          Subpart A-Nonrefundable Personal Credits

  21     Expenses for household and dependent care services necessary 
         for gainful employment

  22     Credit for the elderly and the permanently and totally 
         disabled

  23     Adoption expenses

                          Subpart C-Refundable Credits

  32     Earned income

                          Subpart D-Business Related Credits

  38     General business credit

  42     Low-income housing credit

  45A    Indian employment credit

                          Subpart E-Rules For Computing Investment 
                          Credit

  50     Other special rules

                     Part VI-Alternative Minimum Tax 

  55     Alternative minimum tax imposed

                Subchapter B-Computation Of Taxable Income
                     Part I-Definition Of Gross Income, Adjusted Gross 
                     Income, Taxable Income, Etc.

  61     Gross income defined

  62     Adjusted gross income defined

  63     Taxable income defined

  66     Treatment of community income

  68     Overall limitation on itemized deductions

                     Part II-Items Specifically Included In Gross 
                     Income

  71     Alimony and separate maintenance payments

  72     Annuities; certain proceeds of endowment and life insurance 
         contracts

  86     Social security and tier 1 railroad retirement benefits

                     Part III-Items Specifically Excluded From Gross 
                     Income

  105    Amounts received under accident and health plans

  106    Contributions by employer to accident and health plans

  108    Income from discharge of indebtedness

  119    Meals or lodging furnished for the convenience of the 
         employer

  120    Amounts received under qualified group legal services plans

  121    One-time exclusion of gain from sale of principal residence 
         by individual who has attained age 55

  125    Cafeteria plans  127Educational assistance programs

  129    Dependent care assistance programs

  132    Certain fringe benefits

  135    Income from United States savings bonds used to pay higher 
         education tuition and fees

                     Part IV-Tax Exemption Requirements For State
                     And Local Bonds
                          Subpart A-Private Activity Bonds

  143    Mortgage revenue bonds: qualified mortgage bond and qualified 
         veterans' mortgage bond

  147    Other requirements applicable to certain private activity 
         bonds

                     Part V-Deductions For Personal Exemptions

  151    Allowance of deductions for personal exemptions

  152    Dependent defined

  153    Cross references

                     Part VI-Itemized Deductions For Individuals And 
                     Corporations

  162    Trade or business expenses

  163    Interest

  165    Losses 

  170    Charitable, etc., contributions and gifts

  179    Election to expense certain depreciable business assets

  194    Amortization of reforestation expenditures

                     Part VII-Additional Itemized Deductions For 
                     Individuals

  213    Medical, dental, etc., expenses

  215    Alimony, etc., payments

  217    Moving expenses

  219    Retirement savings

  220    Medical savings accounts

                     Part IX-Items Not Deductible

  263A   Capitalization and inclusion in inventory costs of certain 
         expenses

  267    Losses, expenses, and interest with respect to transactions 
         between related taxpayers

  274    Disallowance of certain entertainment, etc., expenses

                Subchapter C-Corporate Distributions And Adjustments
                     Part I-Distributions By Corporations
                          Subpart A-Effects On Recipients

  303    Distributions in redemption of stock to pay death taxes

                          Subpart C-Definitions; Constructive 
                          Ownership Of Stock

  318    Constructive ownership of stock

                     Part II-Corporate Liquidations
                          Subpart C-Collapsible Corporations

  341    Collapsible corporations
                     Part V-Carryovers

  382    Limitation on net operating loss carryforwards and certain 
         built-in losses following ownership change

                Subchapter D-Deferred Compensation, Etc.
                     Part I-Pension, Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus 
                     Plans, Etc.
                          Subpart A-General Rule

  401    Qualified pension, profit-sharing, and stock bonus plans

  402    Taxability of beneficiary of employees' trust

  404    Deduction for contributions of an employer to an employees' 
         trust or annuity plan and compensation under a 
         deferred-payment plan

  408    Individual retirement accounts

  409    Qualifications for tax credit employee stock ownership plans

                          Subpart B-Special Rules

  411    Minimum vesting standards

  414    Definitions and special rules

  415    Limitations on benefits and contribution under qualified 
         plans

  417    Definitions and special rules for purposes of minimum 
         survivor annuity requirements

                          Subpart E-Treatment Of Transfers To Retiree 
                          Health Accounts

  420    Transfers of excess pension assets to retiree health accounts

                     Part II-Certain Stock Options

  424    Definitions and special rules

                Subchapter E-Accounting Periods And Methods Of 
                Accounting
                     Part II-Methods Of Accounting
                          Subpart A-Methods Of Accounting In General

  447    Method of accounting for corporations engaged in farming

                          Subpart B-Taxable Year For Which Items Of 
                          Gross Income Included

  453    Installment method

  453B   Gain or loss disposition of installment obligations

  457    Deferred compensation plans of State and local governments 
         and tax-exempt organization

                          Subpart C-Taxable Year For Which Deductions 
                          Taken

  464    Limitations on deductions for certain farming

  469    Passive activity losses and credits limited

                Subchapter F-Exempt Organizations
                     Part I-General Rule

  501    Exemption from tax on corporations, certain trusts, etc.

  507    Termination of private foundation status

                Subchapter G-Corporations Used To Avoid Income Tax
                On Shareholders
                     Part II-Personal Holding Companies

  544    Rules for determining stock ownership

                     Part III-Foreign Personal Holding Companies

  554    Stock ownershipSubchapter I-Natural Resources
                     Part I-Deductions

  613A   Limitations on percentage depletion in case of oil and gas 
         wells

                Subchapter J-Estates, Trusts, Beneficiaries, And 
                Decedents
                     Part I-Estates, Trusts, And Beneficiaries
                          Subpart A-General Rules For Taxation Of 
                          Estates
                          And Trusts

  643    Definitions applicable to subparts A, B, C, and D

                          Subpart E-Grantors And Others Treated As 
                          Substantial Owners

  672    Definitions and rules

  674    Power to control beneficial enjoyment

  675    Administrative powers

  677    Income for benefit of grantor

                          Subpart F-Miscellaneous

  682    Income of an estate or trust in case of divorce, etc.

                     Part II-Income In Respect Of Decedents

  691    Recipients of income in respect of decedents

                Subchapter K-Partners And Partnerships
                     Part I-Determination Of Tax Liability

  704    Partner's distributive share

                Subchapter N-Tax Based On Income From Sources Within 
                Or Without The United States
                     Part II-Nonresident Aliens And Foreign 
                     Corporations
                          Subpart A-Nonresident Alien Individuals

  871    Tax on nonresident alien individuals

  877    Expatriation to avoid tax

  879    Tax treatment of certain community income in the case of 
         nonresident alien individuals

                     Part III-Income From Sources Without The United 
                     States
                          Subpart B-Earned Income Of Citizens Or 
                          Residents
                          Of United States

  911    Citizens or residents of the United States living abroad

                          Subpart D-Possessions Of The United States

  932    Coordination of United States and Virgin Islands income taxes

                Subchapter O-Gain Or Loss On Disposition Of Property
                     Part II-Basis Rules Of General Application

  1014   Basis of property acquired from a decedent

  1015   Basis of property acquired by gifts and transfers in trust

                     Part III-Common Nontaxable Exchanges

  1034   Rollover of gain on sale of principal residence

  1041   Transfers of property between spouses or incident to divorce

  1043   Sale of property to comply with conflict-of-interest 
         requirements

  1044   Rollover of publicly traded securities gain into specialized 
         small business investment companiesPart VII-Wash Sales; 
Straddles

  1092   Straddles

                Subchapter P-Capital Gains And Losses
                     Part I-Treatment Of Capital Gains

  1202   50-percent exclusion for gain from certain small business 
         stock

                     Part II-Treatment Of Capital Losses

  1211   Limitation on capital losses

                     Part IV-Special Rules For Determining Capital 
                     Gains And Losses

  1233   Gains and losses from short sales

  1235   Sale or exchange of patents

  1239   Gain from sale of depreciable property between certain 
         related taxpayers

  1244   Losses on small business stock

  1256   Section 1256 contracts marked to market

                     Part V-Special Rules For Bonds And Other Debt 
                     Instruments
                          Subpart A-Original Issue Discount

  1272   Current inclusion in income of original issue discount

                Subchapter Q-Readjustment Of Tax Between Years And
                Special Limitations
                     Part II-Mitigation Of Effect Of Limitations And 
                     Other Provisions

  1313   Definitions

                Subchapter S-Tax Treatment Of S Corporations And Their 
                Shareholders
                     Part I-In General

  1361   S corporation defined

                Subchapter V-Title 11 Cases

  1398   Rules relating to individuals' title 11 cases

           Chapter 2-Tax On Self-Employment Income

  1402   Definitions

           Chapter 6-Consolidated Returns
                Subchapter B-Related Rules
                     Part II-Certain Controlled Corporations 

  1563   Definitions and special rules

      Subtitle B-Estate And Gift Taxes
           Chapter 11-Estate Tax
                Subchapter A-Estates Of Citizens Or Residents
                     Part I-Tax Imposed

  2001   Imposition and rate of tax

                     Part II-Credits Against Tax 

  2012   Credit for gift tax

  2013   Credit for tax on prior transfers

  2014   Credit for foreign death taxes
                     Part III-Gross Estate

  2032   Alternate valuation

  2032A  Valuation of certain farm, etc., real property

  2034   Dower or curtesy interests 

  2035   Adjustments for gifts made within 3 years of decedent's death

  2037   Transfers taking effect at death

  2040   Joint interests

  2043   Transfers for insufficient consideration

                     Part IV-Taxable Estate

  2053   Expenses, indebtedness, and taxes

  2056   Bequests, etc., to surviving spouse

  2056A  Qualified domestic trust

                Subchapter B-Estates Of Nonresidents Not Citizens

  2106   Taxable estate

                Subchapter C-Miscellaneous

  2206   Liability of life insurance beneficiaries

  2207   Liability of recipient of property over which decedent had 
         power of appointment

  2207A  Right of recovery in the case of certain marital deduction 
         property

           Chapter 12-Gift Tax
                Subchapter B-Transfers

  2513   Gift by husband or wife to third party

  2516   Certain property settlements

  2518   Disclaimers

                Subchapter C-Deductions

  2523   Gift to spouse

           Chapter 13-Tax On Generation-Skipping Transfers
                Subchapter B-Generation-Skipping Transfers

  2612   Taxable termination; taxable distribution; direct skip

                Subchapter E-Applicable Rate; Inclusion Ratio

  2642   Inclusion ratio

                Subchapter F-Other Definitions And Special Rules

  2651   Generation assignment

  2652   Other definitions

           Chapter 14-Special Valuation Rules

  2701   Special valuation rules in case of transfers of certain 
         interests in corporations or partnerships

  2704   Treatment of certain lapsing rights and restrictions

      Subtitle C-Employment Taxes
           Chapter 21-Federal Insurance Contributions Act
                Subchapter C-General Provisions

  3121   Definitions
           Chapter 22-Railroad Retirement Tax Act
                Subchapter D-General Provisions

  3231   Definitions

           Chapter 23-Federal Unemployment Tax Act

  3306   Definitions

           Chapter 24-Collection Of Income Tax At Source On Wages

  3402   Income tax collected at source

  3405   Special rules for pensions, annuities, and certain other 
         deferred income

           Chapter 25-General Provisions Relating To Employment Taxes

  3507   Advance payment of earned income credit

      Subtitle D-Miscellaneous Excise Taxes
           Chapter 40-General Provisions Relating To Occupational 
           Taxes

  4905   Liability in case of death or change of location

           Chapter 42-Private Foundations; And Certain Other 
           Tax-exempt Organizations
                Subchapter A-Private Foundations

  4942   Taxes on failure to distribute income

  4946   Definitions and special rules

                Subchapter B-Black Lung Benefit Trusts

  4951   Taxes on self-dealing 

                Subchapter D-Failure By Certain Charitable 
                Organizations
                To Meet Certain Qualification Requirements

  4958   Taxes on excess benefit transactions

           Chapter 43-Qualified Pension, Etc., Plans 

  4975   Tax on prohibited transactions

  4980A  Tax on excess distributions from qualified retirement plans

  4980B  Failure to satisfy continuation coverage requirements of 
         group health plans

      Subtitle E-Alcohol, Tobacco, And Certain Other Excise Taxes
           Chapter 51-Distilled Spirits, Wines, And Beer
                Subchapter A-Gallonage And Occupational Taxes
                     Part II-Occupational Tax
                          Subpart G-General Provisions

  5143   Provisions relating to liability for occupational taxes

      Subtitle F-Procedure And Administration
           Chapter 61-Information And Returns
                Subchapter A-Returns And Records
                     Part II-Tax Returns Or Statements
                          Subpart B-Income Tax Returns

  6012   Persons required to make returns of income

  6013   Joint returns of income tax by husband and wife

  6014   Income tax return--tax not computed by taxpayer

  6017   Self-employment tax returnsPart III-Information Returns
                          Subpart A-Information Concerning Persons 
                          Subject To Special Provisions

  6039C  Returns with respect to foreign persons holding direct 
         investments in United States real property interests

                          Subpart B-Information Concerning 
                          Transactions With Other Persons

  6046   Returns as to organization or reorganization of foreign 
         corporations and as to acquisitions of their stock

                          Subpart C-Information Regarding Wages Paid 
                          Employees

  6051   Receipts for employee

                     Part VIII-Designation Of Income Tax Payments To 
                     Presidential Election Campaign Fund

  6096   Designation by individuals

                Subchapter B-Miscellaneous Provisions

  6103   Confidentiality and disclosure of returns and return 
         information

           Chapter 62-Time And Place For Paying Tax
                Subchapter B-Extensions Of Time For Payment

  6166   Extension of time for payment of estate tax where estate 
         consists largely of interest in closely held business

           Chapter 63-Assessment
                Subchapter B-Deficiency Procedures In The Case Of 
                Income, Estate, Gift, And Certain Excise Taxes

  6212   Notice of deficiency

                Subchapter C-Tax Treatment Of Partnership Items 

  6231   Definitions and special rules 

           Chapter 64-Collection
                Subchapter C-Lien For Taxes

  6324   Special liens for estate and gift taxes

                Subchapter D-Seizure Of Property For Collection Of 
                Taxes 

  6334   Property exempt from levy

           Chapter 66-Limitations
                Subchapter A-Limitations On Assessment And Collection

  6504   Cross references

           Chapter 68-Additions To The Tax, Additional Amounts, And
           Assessable Penalties
                Subchapter A-Additions To The Tax And Additional 
                Amounts
                     Part I-General Provisions

  6654   Failure by individual to pay estimated income tax

                     Part II-Accuracy-Related And Fraud Penalties 

  6663   Imposition of fraud penalty
           Chapter 76-Judicial Proceedings
                Subchapter B-Proceedings By Taxpayers And Third 
                Parties

  7428   Declaratory judgments relating to status and classification 
         of organizations under section 501(c)(3), etc.

  7430   Awarding of costs and certain fees

           Chapter 77-Miscellaneous Provisions

  7508   Time for performing certain acts postponed by reason of 
         service in combat zone

           Chapter 79-Definitions

  7701   Definitions

  7702B  Treatment of qualified long-term care insurance

  7703   Determination of marital status

           Chapter 80-General Rules
                Subchapter C-Provisions Affecting More Than One 
                Subtitle

  7871   Indian tribal governments treated as States for certain 
         purposes

  7872   Treatment of loans with below-market interest rates

  7873   Income derived by Indians from exercise of fishing rights

      Subtitle I-Trust Fund Code
           Chapter 98-Trust Fund Code
                Subchapter A-Establishment of Trust Funds

  9501   Black lung disability trust fund

      Subtitle K-Group Health Plan Portability, Access, And 
      Renewability Requirements
           Chapter 100-Group Health Plan Portability, Access, And 
           Renewability Requirements

  9801   Increased portability through limitation on preexisting 
         condition exclusions


 Category 4-Federal Civilian and Military Service Benefits

Title 2-The Congress

      Chapter 3-Compensation And Allowances Of Members

  36a    Payment of sums due deceased Senators and Senate personnel

  38a    Disposition of unpaid salary and other sums on death of 
         Representative or Resident Commissioner

      Chapter 4-Officers And Employees Of Senate And House Of 
      Representatives

  121b   Senate Beauty Shop

  124    Arrangements for attendance at funeral of deceased House 
         Members; payment of funeral expenses and expenses of 
         attending funeral rites

  125    Gratuities for survivors of deceased House employees; 
         computation

      Chapter 16-Congressional Mailing Standards

  501    House Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards

  502    Select Committee on Standards and Conduct of the Senate

      Chapter 20-Emergency Powers To Eliminate Budget Deficits
           Subchapter I-Elimination Of Deficits In Excess Of Maximum 
           Deficit Amount

  905    Exempt programs and activities

Title 3-The President

      Chapter 2-Office And Compensation Of President

  105    Assistance and services for the President

  106    Assistance and services for the Vice President

      Chapter 4-Delegation Of Functions

  301    General authorization to delegate functions; publication of 
         delegations

Title 5-Government Organization And Employees 

      Part III-Employees
           Subpart D-Pay And Allowances
                Chapter 55-Pay Administration
                     Subchapter II-Withholding Pay

  5520a  Garnishment of pay

                     Subchapter IV-Dual Pay And Dual Employment

  5532   Employment of retired members of the uniformed services; 
         reduction in retired or retainer pay

                     Subchapter VII-Payments To Missing Employees

  5561   Definitions

  5567   Settlement of accounts

  5569   Benefits for captives

                     Subchapter VIII-Settlement Of Accounts

  5582   Designation of beneficiary; order of precedence

  5583   Payment of money due; settlement of accounts

                     Subchapter IX-Severance Pay And Back Pay

  5595   Severance pay
                Chapter 57-Travel, Transportation, And Subsistence
                     Subchapter II-Travel And Transportation Expenses; 
                     New Appointees, Student Trainees, And Transferred 
                     Employees

  5724a  Relocation expenses of employees transferred or reemployed

  5724b  Taxes on reimbursements for travel, transportation, and 
         relocation expenses of employees transferred

                Chapter 59-Allowances
                     Subchapter III-Overseas Differentials And 
                     Allowances

  5924   Cost-of-living allowances

                     Subchapter IV-Miscellaneous Allowances

  5942a  Separate maintenance allowance for duty at Johnston Island

           Subpart E-Attendance And Leave
                Chapter 63-Leave
                     Subchapter V-Family And Medical Leave

  6382   Leave requirement

  6383   Certification

           Subpart G-Insurance And Annuities
                Chapter 81-Compensation For Work Injuries
                     Subchapter I-Generally

  8101   Definitions

  8109   Beneficiaries of awards unpaid at death; order of precedence

  8110   Augmented compensation for dependents

  8116   Limitations on right to receive compensation

  8133   Compensation in case of death

  8135   Lump-sum payment

  8141   Civil Air Patrol volunteers

                     Subchapter II-Employees Of Nonappropriated Fund 
                     Instrumentalities

  8173   Liability under this subchapter exclusive

                     Subchapter III-Law Enforcement Officers Not 
                     Employed By The United States

  8191   Determination of eligibility

  8192   Benefits

  8193   Administration

                Chapter 83-Retirement
                     Subchapter II-Forfeiture Of Annuities And Retired 
                     Pay

  8311   Definitions

  8312   Conviction of certain offenses

  8313   Absence from United States to avoid prosecution

  8314   Refusal to testify

  8315   Falsifying employment applications

  8317   Repayment of annuity or retired pay properly paid; waiver

  8318   Restoration of annuity or retired pay
                     Subchapter III-Civil Service Retirement

  8331   Definitions

  8332   Creditable service

  8333   Eligibility for annuity

  8334   Deductions, contributions, and deposits

  8339   Computation of annuity

  8340   Cost-of-living adjustment of annuities

  8341   Survivor annuities

  8342   Lump-sum benefits; designation of beneficiary; order of 
         precedence

  8343a  Alternative forms of annuities

  8344   Annuities and pay on reemployment

  8345   Payment of benefits; commencement, termination, and waiver of 
         annuity

  8347   Administration; regulations

  8348   Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund

  8349   Offset relating to certain benefits under the Social Security 
         Act

  8351   Participation in the Thrift Savings Plan

                Chapter 84-Federal Employees' Retirement System
                     Subchapter I-General Provisions

  8401   Definitions

  8402   Federal Employees' Retirement System; exclusions

                     Subchapter II-Basic Annuity

  8411   Creditable service

  8416   Survivor reduction for a current spouse

  8417   Survivor reduction for a former spouse

  8418   Survivor elections; deposit; offsets

  8419   Survivor reductions; computation

  8420   Insurable interest reductions

  8420a  Alternative forms of annuities

  8422   Deductions from pay; contributions for military service

  8423   Government contributions

  8424   Lump-sum benefits; designation of beneficiary; order of 
         precedence

                     Subchapter III-Thrift Savings Plan

  8432   Contributions

  8434   Annuities: methods of payment; election; purchase

  8435   Protections for spouses and former spouses

  8437   Thrift Savings Fund

  8440a  Justices and judges

  8440b  Bankruptcy judges and magistrates 

                     Subchapter IV-Survivor Annuities

  8441   Definitions

  8442   Rights of a widow or widower

  8443   Rights of a child  8444Rights of a named individual with an 
         insurable interest

  8445   Rights of a former spouse

                     Subchapter VI-General and Administrative 
                     Provisions

  8461   Authority of the Office of Personnel Management

  8462   Cost-of-living adjustments

  8467   Court orders

  8468   Annuities and pay on reemployment

  8469   Withholding of State income taxes

                     Subchapter VII-Federal Retirement Thrift 
                     Investment Management System

  8477   Fiduciary responsibilities; liability and penalties

                Chapter 87-Life Insurance

  8701   Definitions

  8705   Death claims; order of precedence; escheat

  8714c  Optional life insurance on family members

                Chapter 89-Health Insurance

  8901   Definitions

  8902   Contracting authority

  8902a  Debarment and other sanctions

  8903   Health benefits plans

  8905   Election of coverage

  8905a  Continued coverage

  8906   Contribution 

  8908   Coverage of restored employees and survivor or disability 
         annuitants

  8909   Employees Health Benefits Fund

  8913   Regulations

Title 8-Aliens and Nationality

      Chapter 12-Immigration And Nationality
           Subchapter II-Immigration
                Part IX-Miscellaneous

  1353   Travel expenses and expense of transporting remains of 
         officers and employees dying outside of United States

Title 10-Armed Forces

      Subtitle A-General Military Law
           Part I-Organization And General Military Powers
                Chapter 1-Definitions

  101    Definitions

           Part II-Personnel
                Chapter 37-General Service Requirements

  654    Policy concerning homosexuality in the armed forces
                Chapter 47-Uniform Code Of Military Justice
                     Subchapter XII-United States Court Of Appeals For 
                     The Armed Forces

  945    Art. 145. Annuities for judges and survivors

                Chapter 53-Miscellaneous Rights And Benefits

  1041   Replacement of certificate of discharge

  1052   Reimbursement for adoption expenses

  1056   Relocation assistance programs

  1059   Dependents of members separated for dependent abuse: 
         transitional compensation; commissary and exchange benefits

                Chapter 54-Commissary and Exchange Benefits

  1062   Certain former spouses

                Chapter 55-Medical And Dental Care

  1072   Definitions

  1078a  Continued health benefits coverage

  1079   Contracts for medical care for spouses and children: plans

  1092   Studies and demonstration projects relating to delivery of 
         health and medical care

                Chapter 57-Decorations And Awards

  1126   Gold star lapel button: eligibility and distribution

                Chapter 58-Benefits And Services For Members Being 
                Separated Or Recently Separated

  1142   Preseparation counseling; transmittal of medical records to 
         Department of Veterans Affairs

  1143   Employment assistance

  1144   Employment assistance, job training assistance, and other 
         transitional services: Department of Labor

  1151   Assistance to separated members to obtain certification and 
         employment as teachers or employment as teachers' aides

                Chapter 71-Computation Of Retired Pay

  1408   Payment of retired or retainer pay in compliance with court 
         orders

                Chapter 73-Annuities Based On Retired Or Retainer Pay
                     Subchapter I-Retired Serviceman's Family 
                     Protection Plan

  1431   Election of annuity: members of armed forces

  1433   Mental incompetency of member

  1434   Kinds of annuities that may be elected 

  1435   Eligible beneficiaries

                     Subchapter II-Survivor Benefit Plan

  1447   Definitions

  1448   Application of Plan

  1450   Payment of annuity: beneficiaries

  1451   Amount of annuity

  1452   Reduction in retired pay

  1455   Regulations
                     Subchapter III-Supplemental Survivor Benefit Plan

  1456   Supplemental spouse coverage: establishment of plan; 
         definitions

  1457   Supplemental spouse coverage: payment of annuity; amount 

  1458   Supplemental spouse coverage: eligible participants; 
         elections of coverage

  1459   Former spouse coverage: special rules

  1460   Supplemental spouse coverage: reductions in retired pay

  1460a  Incorporation of certain administrative provisions

                Chapter 74-Department Of Defense Military Retirement 
                Fund

  1461   Establishment and purpose of Fund; definition

  1463   Payments from the Fund

  1465   Determination of contributions to the Fund

  1466   Payments into the Fund

                Chapter 75-Death Benefits

  1475   Death gratuity: death of members on active duty or inactive 
         duty training and of certain other persons

  1476   Death gratuity: death after discharge or release from duty or 
         training

  1477   Death gratuity: eligible survivors

  1479   Death gratuity: delegation of determinations, payments

  1482   Expenses incident to death

  1489   Death gratuity: members and employees dying outside the 
         United States while assigned to intelligence duties

                Chapter 76-Missing Persons

  1513   Definitions

                Chapter 79-Correction Of Military Records

  1552   Correction of military records: claims incident thereto

  1553   Review of discharge or dismissal

                Chapter 81-Civilian Employees

  1588   Authority to accept certain voluntary services

                Chapter 88-Military Family Programs And Military Child 
                Care
                     Subchapter I-Military Family Programs

  1784   Employment opportunities for military spouses

                     Subchapter II-Military Child Care

  1792   Child care employees

           Part III-Training And Education
                Chapter 107-Educational Assistance For Persons 
                Enlisting
                For Active Duty

  2147   Right of member after reenlisting to transfer entitlement to 
         spouse or dependent children

  2148   Duration of entitlement

           Part IV-Service, Supply, And Procurement
                Chapter 157-Transportation

  2641   Transportation of certain veterans on Department of Defense 
         aeromedical evacuation aircraft
                Chapter 165-Accountability And Responsibility

  2771   Final settlement of accounts: deceased members

      Subtitle B-Army
           Part IV-Service, Supply, And Procurement
                Chapter 445-Inquests; Disposition Of Effects Of 
                Deceased Persons; Captured Flags

  4712   Disposition of effects of deceased persons by summary 
         court-martial

      Subtitle C-Navy And Marine Corps
           Part IV-General Administration
                Chapter 651-Ships' Stores And Commissary Stores

  7601   Sales: members of the naval service and Coast Guard; widows 
         and widowers; civilian employees and other persons 

      Subtitle D-Air Force
           Part IV-Service, Supply, And Procurement
                Chapter 945-Inquests; Disposition Of Effects Of 
                Deceased Persons

  9712   Disposition of effects of deceased persons by summary 
         court-martial

      Subtitle E-Reserve Components
           Part I-Organization And Administration
                Chapter 1007-Administration Of Reserve Components

  10205  Members of Ready Reserve: requirement of notification of 
         change of status

           Part II-Personnel Generally
                Chapter 1209-Active Duty

  12319  Ready Reserve: muster duty

                Chapter 1214-Ready Reserve Mobilization Income 
                Insurance

  12530  Payment of benefits

                Chapter 1223-Retired Pay For Nonregular Service

  12731  Age and service requirements

Title 14-Coast Guard

      Part I-Regular Coast Guard
           Chapter 13-Pay, Allowances, Awards, And Other Rights And 
           Benefits

  487    Procurement and sale of stores to members and civilian 
         employees

  498    Posthumous awards

  514    Reimbursement for adoption expenses

      Part II-Coast Guard Reserve And Auxiliary
           Chapter 21-Coast Guard Reserve
                Subchapter A-General

  707    Temporary members of the Reserve; disability or death 
         benefits

Title 16-Conservation

      Chapter 24-Conservation And Protection Of Fur Seals
           Subchapter II-Administration Of Pribilof Islands

  1168   Civil service retirement benefits

  1169a  Annuities and survivor annuities; recomputation
Title 20-Education

      Chapter 25A-Overseas Defense Dependents' Education

  932    Definitions

 Title 22-Foreign Relations and Intercourse

      Chapter 4-Passports

  214    Fees for execution and issuance of passports; persons excused 
         from payment

      Chapter 34-The Peace Corps

  2505   Peace Corps volunteer leaders; number; applicability of 
         chapter; benefits

      Chapter 38-Department Of State

  2703   Services and facilities for employees at posts abroad

  2708   Reward; information; international terrorism

      Chapter 48-Taiwan Relations

  3310   Employment of United States Government agency personnel

      Chapter 51-Panama Canal
           Subchapter I-Administration And Regulations
                Part 2-Employees
                     Subpart IV-Retirement

  3682   Cash relief to certain former employees

      Chapter 52-Foreign Service
           Subchapter IV-Compensation

  3968   Local compensation plans

  3973   Death gratuities

           Subchapter VII-Career Development, Training, And 
           Orientation

  4026   Career counseling

           Subchapter VIII-Foreign Service Retirement and Disability
                Part I-Foreign Service Retirement And Disability 
                System

  4044   Definitions

  4045   Contributions to the Fund

  4046   Computation of annuities

  4047   Payment of annuity 

  4049   Death in service

  4054   Former spouses

  4055   Lump-sum payments

  4056   Creditable service

  4057   Extra credit for service at unhealthful posts

  4060   Assignment and attachment of moneys

  4066   Cost-of-living adjustment of annuities

  4068   Remarriage

  4069-1 Qualified former wives and husbands

  4069a  Retirement benefits for certain former spouses

  4069a-1Retirement benefits for certain former spouses

  4069b  Survivor benefits for certain former spouses  4069b-1Survivor 
         benefits for certain former spouses

  4069c  Health benefits for certain former spouses

  4069c-1Health benefits for certain former spouses

                Part II-Foreign Service Pension System

  4071a  Definitions

  4071d  Entitlement to annuity

  4071j  Former spouses

  4071k  Spousal agreements

           Subchapter IX-Travel, Leave, And Other Benefits

  4084   Health care program

           Subchapter XI-Grievances

  4132   Grievances concerning former members or their survivors

           Subchapter XII-Transition

  4159   Survivor benefits for certain former spouses

Title 24-Hospitals And Asylums

      Chapter 10-Armed Forces Retirement Home
           Subchapter I-Establishment And Operation Of Retirement Home

  420    Disposition of effects of deceased persons; unclaimed 
         property

Title 26-Internal Revenue Code

      Subtitle F-Procedure And Administration
           Chapter 76-Judicial Proceedings
                Subchapter C-The Tax Court
                     Part I-Organization And Jurisdiction

  7448   Annuities to surviving spouses and dependent children of 
         judges

Title 28-Judiciary And Judicial Procedure

      Part I-Organization Of Courts
           Chapter 7-United States Court Of Federal Claims

  178    Retirement of judges of the Court of Federal Claims

           Chapter 17-Resignation And Retirement Of Justices And 
           Judges

  376    Annuities for survivors of certain judicial officials of the 
         United States

  377    Retirement of bankruptcy judges and magistrates

      Part III-Court Officers And Employees
           Chapter 41-Administrative Office Of United States Courts

  604    Duties of Director generally

  605    Budget estimates

Title 29-Labor

      Chapter 19-Job Training Partnership
           Subchapter IV-Federally Administered Programs
                Part B-Job Corps

  1706   Application of provisions of Federal law
Title 31-Money and Finance

      Subtitle I-General
           Chapter 7-General Accounting Office
                Subchapter V-Annuities

  771    Definitions

  772    Annuity of the Comptroller General

  773    Election of survivor benefits

  774    Survivor annuities

  775    Refunds

  776    Payment of survivor benefits

  777    Annuity increases

      Subtitle III-Financial Management
           Chapter 33-Depositing, Keeping, And Paying Money
                Subchapter II-Payments

  3330   Payment of Department of Veterans Affairs checks for the 
         benefit of individuals in foreign countries

           Chapter 37-Claims
                Subchapter III-Claims Against The United States 
                Government

  3721   Claims of personnel of agencies and the District of Columbia 
         government for personal property damage or loss

Title 32-National Guard

      Chapter 1-Organization

  101    Definitions

      Chapter 7-Service, Supply, And Procurement

  714    Final settlement of accounts: deceased members

Title 33-Navigation And Navigable Waters

      Chapter 16-Lighthouses 

  771    Benefits for surviving spouses of Lighthouse Service 
         employees; death of employee during retirement; amount of 
         payment

  772    Death of employee due to non-service-connected causes after 
         15 years' service; amount of payment

      Chapter 17-National Ocean Survey
           Subchapter I-General Provisions

  857-4  Commissary privileges

  857a   Rights, benefits, privileges, and immunities; exercise of 
         authority by Secretary of Commerce or designee

Title 37-Pay And Allowances Of The Uniformed Services

      Chapter 7-Allowances

  401    Definitions

  403b   Cost-of-living allowance in the continental United States

  406    Travel and transportation allowances: dependents; baggage and 
         household effects

  411h   Travel and transportation allowances: transportation of 
         family members incident to the serious illness or injury of 
         members  423Validity of allowance payments based on purported 
         marriages

  430    Travel and transportation: dependent children of members 
         stationed overseas

      Chapter 10-Payments To Missing Persons

  551    Definitions

  557    Settlement of accounts

      Chapter 19-Administration

  1011   Mess operation: reimbursement of expenses

Title 39-Postal Service

      Part IV-Mail Matter
           Chapter 32-Penalty And Franked Mail

  3210   Franked mail transmitted by the Vice President, Members of 
         Congress, and congressional officials

  3214   Mailing privilege of former President; surviving spouse of 
         former President

  3216   Reimbursement for franked mailings

  3218   Franked mail for survivors of Members of Congress

Title 40-Public Buildings, Property, And Works

      Chapter 2-Capitol Building And Grounds

  166b-4 Gratuities for survivors of deceased employees under 
         jurisdiction of Architect of Capitol

  184g   House of Representatives Child Care Center

  214d   Senate Employee Child Care Center benefits

Title 42-The Public Health and Welfare

      Chapter 6A-The Public Health Service
           Subchapter I-Administration And Miscellaneous Provisions
                Part A-Administration

  213    Military benefits

  213a   Rights, benefits, privileges, and immunities for commissioned 
         officers or beneficiaries; exercise of authority by Secretary 
         or designee

           Subchapter II-General Powers And Duties
                Part C-Hospitals, Medical Examinations, And Medical 
                Care

  253a   Medical services to retired personnel of National Oceanic and 
         Atmospheric Administration

      Chapter 11-Compensation For Disability Or Death To Persons 
      Employed At Military, Air, And Naval Bases Outside United States

  1652   Computation of benefits; application to aliens and 
         nonnationals

      Chapter 20-Elective Franchise
           Subchapter I-G-Registration And Voting By Absent Uniformed 
           Services Voters And Overseas Voters In Elections For 
           Federal Office

  1973ff-6Definitions

      Chapter 23-Development And Control Of Atomic Energy
           Division B-United States Enrichment Corporation
               Subchapter VIII-United States Enrichment Corporation 
               Privatization

  2297h-8Employee protections
Title 50-War and National Defense

      Chapter 15-National Security
           Subchapter I-Coordination For National Security

  403k   Authority to pay death gratuities

  403n   Special provisions for spouses of Central Intelligence Agency 
         employees applicable to Agency participants in Civil Service 
         Retirement and Disability System

  403p   Health benefits for certain former spouses of Central 
         Intelligence Agency employees

  403s   Special rules for disability retirement and death-in-service 
         benefits with respect to certain employees

      Chapter 38-Central Intelligence Agency Retirement And Disability
           Subchapter I-Definitions

  2002   Definitions relating to participants and annuitants

           Subchapter II-Central Intelligence Agency Retirement And
           Disability System
                Part B-Contributions

  2021   Contributions to fund

                Part C-Computation Of Annuities

  2031   Computation of annuities

  2032   Annuities for former spouses

  2033   Election of survivor benefits for certain former spouses 
         divorced as of November 15, 1982

  2034   Survivor annuity for certain other former spouses

  2035   Retirement annuity for certain former spouses

  2036   Survivor annuities for previous spouses

                Part D-Benefits Accruing To Certain Participants

  2051   Retirement for disability or incapacity; medical examination; 
         recovery

  2052   Death in service

  2056   Eligibility for annuity

                Part E-Lump-Sum Payments

  2071   Lump-sum payments

                Part F-Period Of Service For Annuities

  2082   Prior service credit

                Part G-Moneys

  2093   Payment of benefits

  2094   Attachment of moneys

                Part J-Cost-Of-Living Adjustment Of Annuities

  2131   Cost-of-living adjustment of annuities

                Part K-Conformity With Civil Service Retirement System

  2141   Authority to maintain existing areas of conformity between 
         Civil Service and Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and 
         Disability Systems

  2143   Alternative forms of annuities

           Subchapter III-Participation In Federal Employees' 
           Retirement System

  2154   Special rules for former spouses
Title 50-Appendix

      Soldiers' And Sailors' Civil Relief Act Of 1940
           Article III-Rent, Installment Contracts, Mortgages, Liens, 
           Assignments, Leases

  530    Eviction or distress during military service; stay; penalty 
         for noncompliance; allotment of pay for payment

           Article V-Taxes And Public Lands

  563    Death or incapacity during or resulting from service as 
         affecting rights; perfection of rights

           Article VII-Further Relief

  591    Power of attorney


Category 5-Employment Benefits and Related Laws

Title 16-Conservation

      Chapter 31-Marine Mammal Protection
           Subchapter II-Conservation And Protection Of Marine Mammals

  1383a  Interim exemption for commercial fisheries

Title 29-Labor

      Chapter 7-Labor-Management Relations
           Subchapter II-National Labor Relations

  152    Definitions

      Chapter 8-Fair Labor Standards

  203    Definitions

  213    Exemptions

      Chapter 18-Employee Retirement Income Security Program
           Subchapter I-Protection Of Employee Benefit Rights
                Subtitle A-General Provisions

  1002   Definitions

                Subtitle B-Regulatory Provisions
                     Part 1-Reporting And Disclosure

  1021   Duty of disclosure and reporting

                     Part 2-Participation And Vesting 

  1053   Minimum vesting standards

  1055   Requirement of joint and survivor annuity and preretirement 
         survivor annuity

  1056   Form and payment of benefits

                     Part 6-Continuation Coverage And Additional 
                     Standards For Group Health Plans

  1162   Continuation coverage

  1163   Qualifying event

  1166   Notice requirements

  1167   Definitions and special rules

                     Part 7-Group Health Plan Portability, Access, And 
                     Renewability Requirements

  1181   Increased portability through limitation on preexisting 
         condition exclusion

           Subchapter III-Plan Termination Insurance
                 Subtitle B-Coverage

  1322   Single-employer plan benefits guaranteed

                Subtitle C-Terminations

  1350   Missing participants

      Chapter 19-Job Training Partnership

  1503   Definitions

           Subchapter II-Training Services For The Disadvantaged
                Part C-Youth Training Program

  1644   Program design
           Subchapter IV-Federally Administered Programs
                Part B-Job Corps

  1699   Allowances and support

                Part E-Labor Market Information 

  1752   Cooperative labor market information program

      Chapter 28-Family And Medical Leave

  2601   Findings and purposes

           Subchapter I-General Requirements For Leave

  2611   Definitions

  2612   Leave requirement

  2613   Certification

  2614   Employment and benefits protection

Title 30-Mineral Lands And Mining

      Chapter 22-Mine Safety And Health
           Subchapter II-Interim Mandatory Health Standards

  843    Medical examinations

           Subchapter IV-Black Lung Benefits
                Part A-General Provisions

  901    Congressional findings and declaration of purpose; short 
         title

  902    Definitions

  903    Field offices

                Part B-Claims For Benefits Filed On Or Before December 
                31, 1973

  921    Regulations and presumptions

  922    Payment of benefits

  923    Filing of notice of claim

  924    Time for filing claims

                Part C-Claims For Benefits After December 31, 1973

  931    Benefits under State workmen's compensation laws

  932    Failure to meet workmen's compensation requirements

Title 33-Navigation And Navigable Waters

      Chapter 18-Longshore And Harbor Workers' Compensation

  902    Definitions

  905    Exclusiveness of liability

  906    Compensation

  908    Compensation for disability

  909    Compensation for death

  910    Determination of pay

  931    Penalty for misrepresentation

  933    Compensation for injuries where third persons are liable
Title 42-The Public Health And Welfare

      Chapter 6A-Public Health Service
           Subchapter XX-Requirements For Certain Group Health Plans 
           For Certain State And Local Employees

  300bb-3Qualifying event

  300bb-6Notice requirements

  300bb-8Definitions

           Subchapter XXV-Assuring Portability, Availability, And 
           Renewability Of Health Insurance Coverage
                Part A-Group Market Reforms
                     Subpart 1-Portability, Access, And Renewability 
                     Requirements

  300gg  Increased portability through limitation on preexisting 
         condition exclusions

      Chapter 12-Compensation For Injury, Death, Or Detention Of 
      Employees Of Contractors With The United States Outside United 
      States
           Subchapter I-Compensation, Reimbursement, Etc., By 
           Secretary Of Labor

  1701   Compensation for injury or death resulting from war-risk 
         hazard

      Chapter 46-Justice System Improvement
            Subchapter XII-Public Safety Officers' Death Benefits

  3796   Payment of death benefits

           Subchapter XII-K-Family Support

   3796jj-2Uses of funds

Title 45-Railroads

      Chapter 2-Liability For Injuries To Employees

  51     Liability of common carriers by railroad, in interstate or 
         foreign commerce, for injuries to employees from negligence; 
         employee defined

  52     Carriers in Territories or other possessions of United States

  59     Survival of right of action of person injured

      Chapter 9-Retirement Of Railroad Employees
           Subchapter IV-Railroad Retirement Act Of 1974

  231a   Annuity eligibility requirements

  231b   Computation of annuities

  231c   Computation of spouse and survivor annuities

  231d   Annuity beginning and ending dates

  231e   Lump sum payments

  231f   Railroad Retirement Board

  231m   Assignability; exemption from levy

  231r   Automatic benefit eligibility requirement adjustments

      Chapter 11-Railroad Unemployment Insurance

  352    Benefits
Title 46-Shipping

      Subtitle II-Vessels And Seamen
           Part G-Merchant Seamen Protection And Relief
                Chapter 103-Foreign And Intercoastal Voyages

  10315  Allotments

                Chapter 107-Effects Of Deceased Seamen

  10709  Distribution

                Chapter 111-Protection And Relief

  11109  Attachment of wages

Title 49-Transportation

      Subtitle VII-Aviation Programs
           Part A-Air Commerce And Safety
                Subpart II-Economic Regulation
                     Chapter 415-Pricing

  41511  Special prices for foreign air transportation

Title 50-War And National Defense

Title 50-Appendix

      National Emergency And War Shipping Acts; March 24, 1943

  1291   Rights of American seamen on privately owned and operated 
         American vessels extended to seamen employed through the War 
         Shipping Administration; exceptions; definitions


 Category 6-Immigration, Naturalization, and Aliens

Title 8-Aliens And Nationality

      Chapter 12-Immigration And Nationality
           Subchapter I-General Provisions

  1101   Definitions

           Subchapter II-Immigration
                Part I-Selection System

  1151   Worldwide level of immigration

  1152   Numerical limitations on individual foreign states

  1153   Allocation of immigrant visas

  1154   Procedure for granting immigrant status

  1157   Annual admission of refugees and admission of emergency 
         situation refugees

  1158   Asylum procedure

  1159   Adjustment of status of refugees

                Part II-Admission Qualifications For Aliens; Travel 
                Control Of Citizens And Aliens

  1182   Excludable aliens

  1184   Admission of nonimmigrants

  1184a  Philippine Traders as nonimmigrants

  1186a  Conditional permanent resident status for certain alien 
         spouses and sons and daughters

  1186b  Conditional permanent resident status for certain alien 
         entrepreneurs, spouses, and children

                Part III-Issuance Of Entry Documents

  1201   Issuance of visas

  1202   Application for visas

                Part IV-Provisions Relating To Entry And Exclusion

  1221   Lists of alien and citizen passengers arriving and departing

                Part V-Deportation; Adjustment Of Status

  1251   Deportable aliens

  1254   Suspension of deportation

  1255   Adjustment of status of nonimmigrant to that of person 
         admitted for permanent residence

                Part VIII-General Penalty Provisions

  1325   Improper entry by alien

  1328   Importation of alien for immoral purpose

           Subchapter III-Nationality And Naturalization
                Part I-Nationality At Birth And Collective 
                Naturalization

  1401   Nationals and citizens of United States at birth

                Part II-Nationality Through Naturalization

  1422   Eligibility for naturalization

  1427   Requirements of naturalization

  1430   Married persons and employees of certain nonprofit 
         organizations

  1435   Former citizens regaining citizenship

  1440-1 Posthumous citizenship through death while on active-duty 
         service in the armed forces during World War I, World War II, 
         the Korean hostilities, the Vietnam hostilities, or in other 
         periods of military hostilities  1444Photographs; number

  1449   Certificate of naturalization; contents

  1451   Revocation of naturalization

  1452   Certificates of citizenship or U.S. non-citizen national 
         status; procedure

  1454   Documents and copies issued by Attorney General

                Part III-Loss Of Nationality

  1489   Application of treaties; exceptions

           Subchapter IV-Refugee Assistance

  1522   Authorization for programs for domestic resettlement of and 
         assistance to refugees

      Chapter 14-Restricting Welfare And Public Benefits For Aliens
           Subchapter I-Eligibility For Federal Benefits

  1612   Limited eligibility of qualified aliens for certain Federal 
         programs

  1613   Five-year limited eligibility of qualified aliens for Federal 
         means-tested public benefit

           Subchapter II-Eligibility For State And Local Public 
           Benefits Programs

  1622   State authority to limit eligibility of qualified aliens for 
         State public benefits

           Subchapter III-Attribution Of Income And Affidavits Of 
           Support

  1631   Federal attribution of sponsor's income and resources to 
         alien

  1632   Authority for States to provide for attribution of sponsors 
         income and resources to the alien with respect to State 
         programs

           Subchapter IV-General Provisions

  1645   Qualifying quarters

Title 22-Foreign Relations And Intercourse

      Chapter 69A-Cuban Liberty And Democratic Solidarity (Libertad)
           Subchapter IV-Exclusion Of Certain Aliens

  6091   Exclusion from the United States of aliens who have 
         confiscated property of United States nationals or who 
         traffic in such property

Title 42-The Public Health And Welfare

      Chapter 8-Low-Income Housing

  1436a  Restriction on use of assisted housing by non-resident aliens


                         Category 7-Indians

Title 25-Indians

      Chapter 5-Protection Of Indians

  181    Rights of white men marrying Indian women; tribal property

  182    Rights of Indian women marrying white men; tribal property

  183    Marriage of white men to Indian women; evidence

  184    Rights of children born of marriages between white men and 
         Indian women

      Chapter 10-Descent And Distribution; Heirs Of Allottee

  371    Descent of land

      Chapter 14-Miscellaneous
           Subchapter X-Klamath Tribe: Disposition Of Certain Tribal 
           Funds

  541    Creation of individual credits; authorized purchases

  544    Creation of individual credits; authorized purchases

           Subchapter XVII-Yakima Tribes

  607    Divestment of inheritance of non-members

           Subchapter XXII-Navajo And Hopi Tribes: Settlement Of 
           Rights And Interests

  640d-28Life estates

           Subchapter XLVI-Ponca Tribe Of Nebraska: Termination Of 
           Federal Supervision

  973    Distribution of assets

      Chapter 18-Indian Health Care
           Subchapter I-Indian Health Professional Personnel

  1616b  Recruitment activities

           Subchapter VI-Miscellaneous  

  1680c  Health services for ineligible persons

      Chapter 21-Indian Child Welfare

  1903   Definitions

      Chapter 24-Indian Land Consolidation

  2205   Descent and distribution of trust or restricted or controlled 
         lands; tribal ordinance barring nonmembers of tribe or 
         non-Indians from inheritance by devise or descent; limitation 
         on life estate

      Chapter 34-Indian Child Protection And Family Violence 
      Prevention

  3202   Definitions


        Category 8-Trade, Commerce, And Intellectual Property

Title 7-Agriculture

      Chapter 74-Floral Research And Consumer Information

  4311   Exemption from assessments

      Chapter 97-Fresh Cut Flowers And Fresh Cut Greens Promotion And 
      Information

  6805   Exclusion; determinations

Title 11-Bankruptcy

      Chapter 1-General Provisions

  101    Definition

  109    Who may be a debtor

      Chapter 3-Case Administration
           Subchapter I-Commencement Of A Case

  302    Joint cases

           Subchapter IV-Administrative Powers

  362    Automatic stay

  363    Use, sale, or lease of property

      Chapter 5-Creditors, The Debtor, And The Estate
           Subchapter I-Creditors And Claims

  507    Priorities

           Subchapter II-Debtor's Duties And Benefits

  522    Exemptions

  523    Exceptions to discharge

  524    Effect of discharge

           Subchapter III-The Estate

  541    Property of the estate

  547    Preferences

      Chapter 7-Liquidation
           Subchapter II-Collection, Liquidation, And Distribution of 
           the estate

  726    Distribution of property of the estate

      Chapter 11-Reorganization
           Subchapter I-Officers And Administration

  1114   Payment of insurance benefits to retired employees

Title 12-Banks And Banking

      Chapter 12-Federal Savings Associations

  1467a  Regulations of holding companies

      Chapter 13-National Housing

  1701j-3Preemption of due-on-sale prohibitions

  1701x  Assistance with respect to housing for low- and 
         moderate-income families

           Subchapter II-Mortgage Insurance

  1715m  Mortgage insurance for servicemen

  1715v  Insurance of mortgages for housing for elderly persons

  1715z-1Rental and cooperative housing for lower income families

  1715z-12Single-family mortgage insurance on Hawaiian home lands  
1715z-20 Demonstration program of insurance of home equity conversion 
         mortgages for elderly homeowners

           Subchapter V-Miscellaneous  

  1735f-5Prohibition against discrimination on account of sex in 
         extension of mortgage assistance; consideration of combined 
         income of husband and wife for purpose of extending mortgage 
         credit; definitions

      Chapter 17-Bank Holding Companies

  1843   Interests in nonbanking organizations

Title 15-Commerce And Trade

      Chapter 2D-Investment Companies And Advisers
           Subchapter I-Investment Companies

  80a-2  Definitions

  80a-3  Definition of investment company

      Chapter 14A-Aid To Small Business

  633    Small Business Administration

      Chapter 22-Trademarks
           Subchapter I-The Principal Register

  1052   Trademarks registrable on principal register; concurrent 
         registration

      Chapter 41-Consumer Credit Protection
           Subchapter II-Restrictions On Garnishment

  1673   Restriction on garnishment

           Subchapter IV-Equal Credit Opportunity

  1691c  Administrative enforcement

  1691d  Applicability of other laws

           Subchapter V-Debt Collection Practices

  1692   Congressional findings and declaration of purpose

  1692c  Communication in connection with debt collection

      Chapter 42-Interstate Land Sales

  1702   Exemptions

Title 17-Copyrights

      Chapter 1-Subject Matter And Scope Of Copyright

  101    Definitions

      Chapter 2-Copyright Ownership And Transfer

  203    Termination of transfers and licenses granted by the author

      Chapter 3-Duration Of Copyright

  304    Duration of copyright:  Subsisting copyrights

Title 19-Customs Duties

      Chapter 4-Tariff Act Of 1930
           Subtitle III-Administrative Provisions
                Part I-Definitions And National Customs Automation 
                Program
                     Subpart A-Definitions 

  1401a  ValueSubtitle IV-Countervailing And Antidumping Duties
                Part IV-General Provisions

  1677   Definitions; special rules

      Chapter 12-Trade Act Of 1974
           Subchapter IV-Trade Relations With Countries Not Currently 
           Receiving Nondiscriminatory Treatment

  2439   Freedom to emigrate to join very close relative in United 
         States

      Chapter 14-Convention On Cultural Property

  2606   Import restrictions

      Chapter 21-North American Free Trade
           Subchapter II-Customs Provisions

  3332   Rules of origin

           Subchapter III-Application Of Agreement To Sectors And 
           Services
                Part C-Temporary Entry Of Business Persons

  3401   Temporary entry


      Category 9-Financial Disclosure and Conflict of Interest

Title 2-The Congress   

      Chapter 3-Compensation And Allowances Of Members 

  31-2   Gifts and travel

      Chapter 11-Citizens' Commission On Public Service And 
      Compensation

  352    Membership

Title 5-Government Organization And Employees 

      Part III-Employees 
           Subpart B-Employment And Retention  
                Chapter 31-Authority For Employment
                     Subchapter I-Employment Authorities 

  3110   Employment of relatives; restrictions

           Subpart F-Labor-Management And Employee Relations 
                Chapter 73-Suitability, Security, And Conduct  
                     Subchapter IV-Foreign Gifts And Decorations

  7342   Receipt and disposition of foreign gifts and decorations

                     Subchapter V-Misconduct

  7351   Gifts to superiors

Title 5-Appendix 4   

      Ethics in Government Act of 1978
           Title I-Financial Disclosure Requirements Of Federal 
           Personnel 

  102    Contents of reports

  109    Definitions

           Title V-Government-Wide Limitations On Outside Earned 
           Income And Employment 

  501    Outside earned income limitation

Title 7-Agriculture

       Chapter 50-Agricultural Credit 
           Subchapter IV-Administrative Provisions

  1986   Conflicts of interests

  2008j  National Sheep Industry Improvement Center

      Chapter 88-Research  
           Subchapter VI-Alternative Agricultural Research And 
           Commercialization 

  5903   Board of directors, employees, and facilities

Title 10-Armed Forces  

       Subtitle E-Reserve Components   
           Part IV-Training For Reserve Components And Educational
           Assistance Programs   
                Chapter 1606-Educational Assistance For Members Of
                The Selected Reserve  

  16131  Educational assistance program:  establishment;  amount

Title 12-Banks And Banking 

      Chapter 27-Real Estate Settlement Procedures

  2602   DefinitionsTitle 16-Conservation 

      Chapter 38-Fishery Conservation And Management 
           Subchapter IV-National Fishery Management Program 

  1852   Regional Fishery Management Councils

Title 18-Crimes And Criminal Procedure 

      Part I-Crimes   
           Chapter 93-Public Officers And Employees  

  1910   Nepotism in appointment of receiver or trustee 

Title 22-Foreign Relations And Intercourse  

       Chapter 52-Foreign Service   
           Subchapter III-Appointments 

  3944   Chiefs of Mission

Title 28-Judiciary And Judicial Procedure

       Part I-Organization Of Courts 
           Chapter 21-General Provisions Applicable To Courts And 
           Judges

  455    Disqualification of justice, judge, or magistrate

  458    Relative of justice or judge ineligible to appointment

      Part III-Court Officers And Employees   
           Chapter 43-United States Magistrates

  631    Appointment and tenure

Title 29-Labor

      Chapter 11-Labor-Management Reporting And Disclosure Procedure 
      Subchapter III-Reporting By Labor Organizations, Officers And 
      Employees Of Labor Organizations, And Employers   

  432    Report of officers and employees of labor organizations

Title 31-Money And Finance

      Subtitle II-The Budget Process   
           Chapter 13-Appropriations   
                Subchapter III-Limitations, Exceptions, And Penalties  

  1353   Acceptance of travel and related expenses from non-Federal 
         sources

Title 33-Navigation And Navigable Waters  

      Chapter 18-Longshore And Harbor Workers' Compensation 

  940    Deputy commissioners

Title 40-Public Buildings, Property, And Works 

Title 40-Appendix

      Appalachian Regional Development Act Of 1965   
           Title I-The Appalachian Regional Commission

  108    Personal financial interests
Title 42-The Public Health And Welfare  

      Chapter 6A-Public Health Service 
           Subchapter III-National Research Institutes   
                Part I-National Foundation For Biomedical Research  

  290b   Establishment and duties of Foundation

           Subchapter XI-Health Maintenance Organizations 

  300e-17Financial disclosure

      Chapter 7-Social Security   
           Subchapter XI-General Provisions, Peer Review, And 
           Administrative Simplification 
                Part B-Peer Review Of Utilization And Quality Of 
                Health Care Services 

  1320c-3Functions of peer review organizations

Title 43-Public Lands

       Chapter 4-District Land Offices

  100    Disqualification

Title 50-War And National Defense 

       Chapter 15-National Security   
           Subchapter VI-Access To Classified Information

  435    Procedures


               Category 10-Crimes and Family Violence 

Title 10-Armed Forces 

      Subtitle A-General Military Law
           Part II-Personnel 
                Chapter 47-Uniform Code Of Military Justice   
                     Subchapter X-Punitive Articles   

  920    Art. 120. Rape and carnal knowledge

Title 18-Crimes And Criminal Procedure

      Part I-Crimes   
           Chapter 7-Assault    

  115    Influencing, impeding, or retaliating against a Federal 
         official by threatening or injuring a family member

           Chapter 11-Bribery, Graft, And Conflicts Of Interest  

  203    Compensation to Members of Congress, officers, and others in 
         matters affecting the Government

  205    Activities of officers and employees in claims against and 
         other matters affecting the Government

  208    Acts affecting a personal financial interest

           Chapter 41-Extortion And Threats   

  879    Threats against former Presidents and certain other persons 
         protected by the Secret Service

           Chapter 44-Firearms 

  921    Definitions

           Chapter 51-Homicide

  1116   Murder or manslaughter of foreign officials, official guests, 
         or internationally protected persons

           Chapter 53-Indians

  1169   Reporting of child abuse

           Chapter 93-Public Officers And Employees  

  1921   Receiving Federal employees' compensation after marriage

           Chapter 109A-Sexual Abuse 

  2243   Sexual abuse of a minor or ward

           Chapter 110A-Domestic Violence

  2261   Interstate domestic violence

  2262   Interstate violation of protection order

  2265   Full faith and credit given to protection orders

  2266   Definitions

           Chapter 113B-Terrorism

  2333   Civil remedies

      Part II-Criminal Procedure   
           Chapter 203-Arrest And Commitment

  3056   Powers, authorities, and duties of United States Secret 
         Service

           Chapter 227-Sentences   
                Subchapter B-Probation  

  3561   Sentence of probationPart III-Prisons And Prisoners   
           Chapter 305-Commitment And Transfer

  4082   Commitment to Attorney General; residential treatment 
         centers; extension of limits of confinement; work furlough

Title 21-Food And Drugs

      Chapter 13-Drug Abuse Prevention And Control
           Subchapter I-Control And Enforcement
                Part D-Offenses And Penalties

  862    Denial of Federal benefits to drug traffickers and possessors

Title 28-Judiciary And Judicial Procedure

      Part VI-Particular Proceedings
           Chapter 176-Federal Debt Collection Procedure
                Subchapter A-Definitions And General Provisions

  3014   Exempt property

                Subchapter D-Fraudulent Transfers Involving Debts

  3301   Definitions

Title 42-The Public Health And Welfare  

      Chapter 6A-Public Health Service
           Subchapter II-General Powers And Duties
                Part J-Prevention And Control Of Injuries

  280b-1aInterpersonal violence within families and among 
         acquaintances

      Chapter 7-Social Security   
           Subchapter II-Federal Old-Age, Survivors, And Disability 
           Insurance Benefits

  408    Penalties

           Subchapter XI-General Provisions, Peer Review, And 
           Administrative Simplification 
                Part A-General Provisions  

  1307   Penalty for fraud

           Subchapter XVI-Supplemental Security Income For Aged, 
           Blind, And Disabled
                Part B-Procedural And General Provisions

  1383a  Fraudulent acts; penalties; restitution

      Chapter 21A-Privacy Protection 
           Subchapter II-Attorney General Guidelines

  2000aa-11Guidelines for Federal officers and employees

      Chapter 42-Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation 
           Subchapter II-Civil Commitment Of Persons Not Charged With 
           Any Criminal Offense

  3411   Definitions

      Chapter 46-Justice System Improvement
           Subchapter V-Bureau Of Justice Assistance Grant Programs
                Part A-Drug Control And System Improvement Grant 
                Program

  3751   Description of drug control and system improvement grant 
         programSubchapter XII-H-Grants To Combat Violent Crimes 
Against Women

  3796gg-1State grants

  3796gg-2Definitions

           Subchapter XII-I-Grants To Encourage Arrest Policies

  3796hh Grants

  3796hh-4Definitions

      Chapter 110-Family Violence Prevention And Services 

  10402  State grants authorized

  10408  Definitions

  10415  Model State leadership grants for domestic violence 
         intervention

      Chapter 112-Victim Compensation And Assistance

  10602  Crime victim compensation

  10603  Crime victim assistance

  10607  Services to victims

      Chapter 113-State Justice Institute

  10701  Definitions

      Chapter 136-Violent Crime Control And Law Enforcement
           Subchapter II-Crime Prevention
                Part B-Local Crime Prevention Block Grant Program

  13751  Payments to local governmeents

           Subchapter III-Violence Against Women
                Part D-Equal Justice For Women In The Courts Act
                     Subpart 1-Education And Training For Judges And 
                     Court Personnel In State Courts

  13992  Training provided by grants

                Part E-Violence Against Women Act Improvements

  14014  Report on confidentiality of addresses for victims of 
         domestic violence

           Subchapter XII-Presidential Summit On Violence And National 
           Commission On Crime Prevention And Control

  14194  Responsibilities of the Commission


    Category 11-Loans, Guarantees, and Payments in Agriculture  

Title 7-Agriculture    

      Chapter 3-Grain Standards

  87f-1  Registration requirements

       Chapter 35-Agricultural Adjustment Act Of 1938 
           Subchapter II-Loans, Parity Payments, Consumer Safeguards, 
           Marketing Quotas, And Marketing Certificates   
                Part A-Definitions, Loans, Parity Payments, And 
                Consumer Safeguards 

  1308 
         Payment limitations: production flexibility contracts, 
         marketing loan gains and deficiencies, contract commodities 
         and oilseeds; regulations

  1308-1 Prevention of creation of entities to qualify as separate 
         persons; payments limited to active farmers

      Chapter 35A-Price Support Of Agricultural Commodities 
           Subchapter III-Nonbasic Agricultural Commodities 

  1446   Price support levels for designated nonbasic agricultural 
         commodities

      Chapter 50-Agricultural Credit   
           Subchapter I-Real Estate Loans

  1922   Persons eligible for loans

           Subchapter II-Operating Loans 

  1941   Persons eligible for loans

           Subchapter III-Emergency Loans  

  1961   Eligibility for loans

           Subchapter IV-Administrative Provisions 

  1991   Definitions

  2000   Homestead protection

  2001   Debt restructuring and loan servicing

Title 15-Commerce And Trade   

      Chapter 14A-Aid To Small Business

  636    Additional powers

      Chapter 14B-Small Business Investment Program 
           Subchapter V-Loans To State And Local Development Companies  

  697    Development company debentures

Title 20-Education   

      Chapter 28-Higher Education Resources And Student Assistance 
           Subchapter IV-Student Assistance   
                Part B-Federal Family Education Loan Program 

  1071   Statement of purpose; nondiscrimination; and appropriations 
         authorized

  1078-3 Federal consolidation loans

                Part C-William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program  

  1087e  Terms and conditions of loans

                Part E-Need Analysis 

  1087nn Determination of expected family contribution; data elements

  1087oo Family contribution for dependent students  1087ppFamily 
         contribution for independent students without dependents 
         other than a spouse

  1087qq Family contribution for independent students with dependents 
         other than a spouse

  1087ss Simplified needs test

  1087uu-1Native American students

  1087vv Definitions

           Subchapter V-Educator Recruitment, Retention, And 
           Development   
                Part C-Teacher Scholarships And Fellowships   
                     Subpart 1-Paul Douglas Teacher Scholarships  

  1104g  Exceptions to repayment provisions

           Subchapter IX-Graduate Programs   
                Part E-Faculty Development Fellowship Program

  1134r-5Exceptions to repayment provisions

       Chapter 57-James Madison Memorial Fellowship Program  

  4506   Recipient's eligibility

Title 38-Veterans' Benefits   

      Part III-Readjustment And Related Benefits 
           Chapter 37-Housing And Small Business Loans   
                Subchapter I-General

  3701   Definitions

  3702   Basic entitlement

  3704   Restrictions on loans

                Subchapter II-Loans

  3710   Purchase or construction of homes

  3712   Loans to purchase manufactured homes and lots

                Subchapter III-Administrative Provisions 

  3726   Withholding of payments, benefits, etc.

  3729   Loan fee

       Part IV-General Administrative Provisions 
           Chapter 53-Special Provisions Relating To Benefits

  5302   Waiver of recovery of claims by the United States

Title 42-The Public Health And Welfare   

      Chapter 6A-Public Health Service 
           Subchapter II-General Powers And Duties   
                Part D-Primary Health Care 
                     Subpart II-National Health Service Corps Program 

  254h-1 Facilitation of effective provision of Corps services

                     Subpart III-Scholarship Program And Loan 
                     Repayment Program  

  254l-1 National Health Service Corps Loan Repayment Program

      Chapter 8A-Slum Clearance, Urban Renewal, And Farm Housing
           Subchapter III-Farm Housing 

  1472   Loans for housing and buildings on adequate farms


       Category 12-Federal Natural Resources and Related Laws

Title 16-Conservation   

      Chapter 1-National Parks, Military Parks, Monuments, And 
      Seashores
           Subchapter VI-Sequoia And Yosemite National Parks

  45f    Mineral King Valley addition authorized

           Subchapter VII-Redwood National Park   

  79d    Acquisition of lands

           Subchapter X-North Cascades National Park

  90b-2  Owner's retention of right of use and occupancy for 
         agricultural, residential, or commercial purposes for life or 
         term of years; transfer or assignment of right; termination 
         of use and

           Subchapter XVIII-Saratoga National Historical Park

  159g   Acquisition of lands

           Subchapter XIX-Voyageurs National Park       

  160c   Acquisition of improved property

           Subchapter XXIII-Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National 
           Historic Site   

  218    Addition of land

           Subchapter XXV-Jean Lafitte National Historical Park 
                Part A-Generally 

  230b   Owner's retention of right of use and occupancy for 
         residential purposes for life or fixed term of years; 
         election of term; fair market value; transfer, assignment or 
         termination; "improved property" defined

           Subchapter XXVII-Olympic National Park  

  251h   Property retention rights; compensation at fair market value; 
         "improved property" defined

           Subchapter XLIV-Virgin Islands National Park   

  398d   Acquisition of lands, waters, and interests therein

           Subchapter LIV-Everglades National Park  

  410r-3 Acceptance of additional lands; lands acquired as part of 
         park; reimbursement of revolving fund 

           Subchapter LV-Minute Man National Historical Park  

  410t   Acquisition and transfer of lands; private owner's retention 
         of right of use and occupancy

  410x-1 Residential occupancy

           Subchapter LVIII-Valley Forge National Historical Park 

  410aa-1Lands and property

           Subchapter LIX-C-San Antonio Missions National Historical 
           Park   

  410ee  Establishment

           Subchapter LIX-D-Channel Islands National Park

  410ff-1Acquisition of property

           Subchapter LIX-T-Marsh-Billings National Historical Park  

  410vv-6Reservation of use and occupancy

           Subchapter LX-National Military Parks  

  425m   Retained rights

  426n   Boundary revision of Stones River National Battlefield

  429b-2 Retention of right of use and occupation of improved property 
         by owner
           Subchapter LXI-National And International Monuments And 
           Memorials  

  433k   Whitman Mission National Historic Site; acquisition of land; 
         establishment, supervision and maintenance

  441l   Exchange of lands; transfer from Federal agency to 
         administrative jurisdiction of Secretary; terms and 
         conditions of purchase

  450e-1 Appomattox Court House National Historical Park

           Subchapter LXIII-National Seashore Recreational Areas 

  459b-3 Acquisition by condemnation

  459c-5 Owner's reservation of right of use and occupancy for fixed 
         term of years or life

  459e-1 Acquisition of property

  459g-1 Acquisition of property

  459h-1 Acquisition of property

  459i-3 Acquisition of property

  459j-2 Improved property

           Subchapter LXIX-Outdoor Recreation Programs
                Part B-Land And Water Conservation Fund   

  460l-6aAdmission and special recreation use fees

           Subchapter LXX-Ozark National Scenic Riverways  

  460m-2 Reservation of use and occupancy of improved property for 
         noncommercial residential purposes; term; valuation

           Subchapter LXXI-Buffalo National River 

  460m-9 Acquisition of lands and waters

           Subchapter LXXI-A-New River Gorge National River  

  460m-16Acquisition of property

           Subchapter LXXIII-Delaware Water Gap National Recreation 
           Area

  460o-1 Acquisition of lands

           Subchapter LXXV-Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity National 
           Recreation Area

  460q-1 Acquisition of property

           Subchapter LXXIX-Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore

  460u-5 Owner's retention of right of use and occupancy for 
         residential purposes

           Subchapter LXXXI-Apostle Islands National Lakeshore 

  460w-3 Retention rights of owners of improved property

           Subchapter LXXXII-Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore

  460x-9 Right of retention of residential use in improved lands

           Subchapter LXXXIV-Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area  

  460z-6 Land acquisition in recreation area; donation and exchange; 
         railway right-of-way; retention rights of owners of improved 
         property

           Subchapter LXXXVI-Golden Gate National Recreation Area 

  460bb-2Acquisition policy

           Subchapter LXXXIX-Big South Fork National River And 
           Recreation Area  

  460ee  Establishment

           Subchapter XC-Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area

  460ff-1Acquisition of landSubchapter XCII-Chickasaw National 
Recreation Area 

  460hh-1Acquisition of property

           Subchapter XCIII-Chattahoochee River National Recreation 
           Area

  460ii-1Acquisition of property

           Subchapter XCV-Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation 
           Area

  460kk  Establishment

           Subchapter CXII-Grand Island National Recreation Area 

  460aaa-2Administration

  460aaa-3Acquisition

      Chapter 6-Game And Bird Preserves; Protection 

  698b   Right of use and occupancy of improved property on Big 
         Thicket Preserve

  698h   Right of use and occupancy of improved property on Big 
         Cypress Preserve and Addition

      Chapter 28-Wild And Scenic Rivers 

  1277   Land acquisition

      Chapter 31-Marine Mammal Protection
           Subchapter II-Conservation And Protection Of Marine Mammals

  1379   Transfer of management authority

      Chapter 51-Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation
           Subchapter II-Subsistence Management And Use 

  3113   Definitions

           Subchapter VI-Administrative Provisions   

  3192   Land acquisition authority

      Chapter 59-Wetlands Resources
           Subchapter II-Revenues For Refuge Operations And The 
           Migratory Bird Conservation Fund 

  3911   Sale of admission permit at certain refuge units

 Title 30-Mineral Lands And Mining   

      Chapter 2-Mineral Lands And Regulations In General

  28f    Fee

      Chapter 25-Surface Mining Control And Reclamation 
           Subchapter VII-Administrative And Miscellaneous Provisions  

  1304   Surface owner protection

Title 42-The Public Health And Welfare   

      Chapter 24-Disposal Of Atomic Energy Communities   
           Subchapter I-General Provisions 

  2304   Definitions

           Subchapter III-Classification Of Property And Priorities

  2333   Transfer of priorities

Title 43-Public Lands  

      Chapter 12-Reclamation And Irrigation Of Lands By Federal 
      Government   
           Subchapter I-A-Reclamation Reform   

  390bb  DefinitionsChapter 12-Reclamation And Irrigation Of Lands By 
Federal Government   
           Subchapter V-Administration Of Existing Projects 

  423h   Delivery of water to excess lands upon death of spouse

           Subchapter VII-Exchange And Amendment Of Farm Units  

  451a   Persons eligible for benefits

  451c   Cancellation of charges or liens; credits

      Chapter 33-Alaska Native Claims Settlement  

  1606   Regional Corporations


                   Category 13-Miscellaneous Laws

Title 5-Government Organization And Employees

      Part I-The Agencies Generally
           Chapter 5-Administrative Procedure
                Subchapter II-Administrative Procedure

  552a   Records maintained on individuals

      Part III-Employees
           Subpart F-Labor-Management And Employee Relations
                Chapter 71-Labor-Management Relations
                     Subchapter I-General Provisions

  7103   Definitions; application

                     Subchapter II-Rights And Duties Of Agencies And 
                     Labor Organizations. 

  7116   Unfair labor practices

                Chapter 72-Antidiscrimination; Right To Petition 
                Congress
                     Subchapter I-Antidiscrimination In Employment

  7202   Marital status

  7204   Other prohibitions

Title 10-Armed Forces

      Subtitle A-General Military Law
           Part II-Personnel
                Chapter 88-Military Family Programs And Military Child 
                Care
                     Subchapter I-Military Family Programs

  1787   Reporting of child abuse

Title 12-Banks And Banking  

      Chapter 31-National Consumer Cooperative Bank
           Subchapter I-Establishment And Operation

  3015   Eligibility Of cooperatives

      Chapter 32-Foreign Bank Participation In Domestic Markets

  3106a  Compliance With State And Federal Laws

Title 15-Commerce And Trade

      Chapter 14A-Aid To Small Business

  633    Small Business Administration

      Chapter 41-Consumer Credit Protection
           Subchapter IV-Equal Credit Opportunity

  1691   Scope of prohibition

Title 20-Education

      Chapter 44-Vocational Education
           Subchapter I-Vocational Education Assistance To The States
                Part B-State Organizational And Planning 
                Responsibilities                             

  2323   State plans

           Subchapter V-General Provisions
                Part C-Definitions

  2471   DefinitionsChapter 70-Strengthening And Improvement Of 
Elementary And
      Secondary Schools
           Subchapter I-Helping Disadvantaged Children Meet High 
           Standards
                Part C-Education Of Migratory Children

  6399   Definitions

Title 22-Foreign Relations And Intercourse

      Chapter 52-Foreign Service
           Subchapter I-General Provisions

  3901   Congressional findings and objectives

  3905   Personnel actions

           Subchapter X-Labor-Management Relations

  4102   Definitions

  4115   Unfair labor practices

      Chapter 58-Diplomatic Security
           Subchapter IV-Diplomatic Security Program

  4860   Reimbursement of Department of the Treasury

Title 24-Hospitals And Asylums

      Chapter 9-Hospitalization Of Mentally Ill Nationals Returned 
      From Foreign Countries

  325    Examination of persons admitted

  326    Release of patient

Title 26-Internal Revenue Code

      Subtitle H-Financing Of Presidential Election Campaigns
           Chapter 95-Presidential Election Campaign Fund

  9004   Entitlement of eligible candidates to payments

           Chapter 96-Presidential Primary Matching Payment Account

  9035   Qualified campaign expense limitations

Title 31-Money And Finance

      Subtitle I-General
           Chapter 7-General Accounting Office
                Subchapter III-Personnel

  732    Personnel management system

Title 36-Patriotic Societies And Observances

      Chapter 3B-Marine Corps League

  57a    Purposes of corporation

      Chapter 7A-Veterans Of Foreign Wars Of The United States

  113    Purposes of corporation

      Chapter 9-National Observances

  169j-3 Members of Commission

      Chapter 27-Legion Of Valor Of The United States Of America

  633    Principles and objects of corporation

      Chapter 32-Veterans Of World War I Of The United States Of 
      America

  763    Objects and purposes of corporationChapter 33-The 
Congressional Medal Of Honor Society Of The United States
      Of America

  793    Objects and purposes of corporation

  799    Distribution of income or assets to members; loans

      Chapter 35-Blinded Veterans Association

  859    Distribution of income or assets to members; loans

      Chapter 39-Agricultural Hall Of Fame

  977    Governing body

      Chapter 40-National Woman's Relief Corps, Auxiliary To The Grand 
      Army
      Of The Republic

  1005   Membership

      Chapter 42-Audits Of Federally Chartered Corporations

  1101   "Private corporations established under Federal law" defined

      Chapter 48-Gold Star Wives Of America

  1601   Charter

  1602   Powers of corporation

      Chapter 53-American Ex-Prisoners Of War

  2103   Objects and purposes of corporation

      Chapter 58-Catholic War Veterans Of The United States Of 
      America, Inc.

  2603   Objects and purposes of corporation

      Chapter 60-Navy Wives Clubs Of America

  2801   Recognition as corporation and grant of Federal charter

  2802   Powers of corporation

  2803   Objects and purposes of corporation

      Chapter 71-Army And Navy Union Of The United States

  3903   Objects and purposes of corporation

      Chapter 72-Non-Commissioned Officers Association Of The United 
      States
      Of America, Inc.

  4003   Objects and purposes of corporation

      Chapter 75-Aviation Hall Of Fame

  4307   Board of trustees

  4309   Board of nominations; composition; duties

      Chapter 83-Retired Enlisted Association, Incorporated

  5103   Objects and purposes of corporation

      Chapter 84-National Fallen Firefighters Foundation

  5201   Establishment and purposes of Foundation

Title 42-The Public Health And Welfare

      Chapter 6A-Public Health Service
           Subchapter II-General Powers And Duties
                Part L-Services For Children Of Substance Abusers

  280d   Grants for services for children of substance abusers

           Subchapter XVIII-Adolescent Family Life Demonstration 
           Projects

  300z   Findings and purposesSubchapter XXIV-HIV Health Care Services 
Program
                Part B-Care Grant Program
                     Subpart I-General Grant Provisions

  300ff-27aSpousal notification

                Part C-Early Intervention Services
                     Subpart I-Formula Grants For States

  300ff-48Testing and other early intervention services for State 
         prisoners

      Chapter 13-School Lunch Programs

  1766   Child and adult care food program

      Chapter 21-Civil Rights
           Subchapter I-Generally

  1986   Action for neglect to prevent

      Chapter 35-Programs For Older Americans
           Subchapter III-Grants For State And Community Programs On 
           Aging
                Part A-General Provisions

  3027   State plans

           Subchapter IV-Training, Research, And Discretionary 
           Projects
           And Programs
                Part B-Research, Demonstrations, And Other Activities

  3035a  Demonstration projects

      Chapter 62-Intergovernmental Personnel Program
           Subchapter II-Strengthening State And Local Personnel 
           Administration

  4728   Transfer of functions

      Chapter 94-Low-Income Energy Assistance
           Subchapter II-Low-Income Home Energy Assistance

  8624   Applications and requirements

      Chapter 105-Community Services Programs
           Subchapter II-B-Child Care And Development Block Grant

  9858n  Definitions

      Chapter 120-Enterprise Zone Development

  11504  Waiver or modification of housing and community development 
         rules in enterprise zones

      Chapter 129-National And Community Service
           Subchapter I-National And Community Service State Grant 
           Program
                Division F-Administrative Provisions

  12639  Evaluation

Title 46-Shipping

      Subtitle II-Vessels And Seamen
           Part G-Merchant Seamen Protection And Relief
                Chapter 113-Official Logbooks

  11301  Logbook and entry requirements

Title 46-Appendix

      Chapter 21-Death On The High Seas By Wrongful Act

  761    Right of action; where and by whom brought
Title 48-Territories And Insular Possessions

      Chapter 4-Puerto Rico
           Subchapter I-General Provisions

  736    Puerto Rican law modified

      Chapter 8-Guano Islands

  1413   Completion of proof on death of discoverer

  1415   Restrictions upon exportation

  1418   Employment of land and naval forces in protection of rights

      Chapter 12-The Virgin Islands
           Subchapter II-Bill Of Rights

  1561   Rights and prohibitions

Title 50-War And National Defense

Title 50-Appendix

      Trading With The Enemy Act Of 1917

  9      Claims to property transferred to custodian; notice of claim; 
         filing; return of property; suits to recover; sale of claimed 
         property in time of war or during national emergency

  31     "Member of the former ruling family" defined

  32     Return of property

      Military Selective Service Act; June 24, 1948

  456    Deferments and exemptions from training and service

      Restitution For World War II Internment Of Japanese-Americans 
      And Aleuts
          Title I-United States Citizens Of Japanese Ancestry And 
          Resident
          Japanese Aliens

  1989b-4Restitution

  1989b-7Definitions

      War Claims Act; July 3, 1948
          Title I

  2004   Internees

  2005   Prisoners of war

  2015   Retention benefits to merchant seamen

  2016   Philippines

          Title II

  2017a  Claims authorized

  2017c  Nationality of claimants

Organic Laws Of The United States

      Ordinance Of 1787: The Northwest Territorial Government

1. Public Law 104-199, 110 Stat. 2419.

2. For example, our search for the word stem "marr," designed to 
capture words such as "marriage" and "marry," also produced references 
to laws mentioning bone marrow transplants, the city of Marrakesh, and 
proper names containing the letters "marr."

3. One such limitation results from the use of statutory definitions.  
Our search for occurrences of "spouse" would find a law defining 
"relative," for purposes of a program, as including a spouse.  It 
would not find the laws in that program that, by referring to 
"relative," apply to a spouse.  A search for "relative" does not solve 
this problem.  That word is used commonly in senses unrelated to 
marital status (as are other terms such as "single").  A computer 
cannot distinguish between these senses; a lawyer would have to 
examine each occurrence of "relative" to determine whether it refers 
to marital status.


4. The order of the categories is not significant, except that the 
first four are those in which marital status is most pervasive, and 
are the largest.

1. The recently enacted welfare reform bill, the Personal 
Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, 
greatly affected some of the provisions in this category, but the 
changes are not generally effective until July 1997.  Where both the 
old and new provisions appear in the United States Code, we have 
included both-the ones in effect until July 1997 and the ones that 
take effect thereafter-in Enclosure II.

2. Under welfare reform, AFDC will be replaced by Temporary Assistance 
for Needy Families in July 1997.  States will have the option of 
terminating Medicaid benefits for individuals who refuse to work.

3. GAO/GGD-96-175, September 3, 1996.

4. The laws in this category dealing with marriage that use the terms 
"Indian" and "white" are more than 100 years old, and have not been 
amended since their enactment in 1888.



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