Military Education: Information on Service Academies and Schools
(Briefing Report, 09/22/93, GAO/NSIAD-93-264BR).

A variety of constraints--physical, financial, and environmental--make
it unlikely that military academies, with the exception of the Air Force
Academy, will be able to absorb additional professional military
education institutions.  All three academies are at or over capacity for
classroom and dormitory facilities, and both the Army and Navy Academies
have very little land on which to build additional facilities. Because
the services differ in how they interpret the definition of professional
military education as defined in the Military Education Policy Document,
the Joint Chiefs of Staff's guidance for training military service
personnel, the Army has ended up with more professional military
education schools that could be candidates for consolidation than has
the Air Force. GAO identified 32 different schools that conduct 60
different courses; during academic year 1992-93, more than 36,000
students were enrolled at these schools.  The cost for providing
professional military education in fiscal year 1993 was pegged at about
$123 million.  This figure includes salaries for instructors and support
staff but does not factor in such expenses as student salaries.

--------------------------- Indexing Terms -----------------------------

 REPORTNUM:  NSIAD-93-264BR
     TITLE:  Military Education: Information on Service Academies and 
             Schools
      DATE:  09/22/93
   SUBJECT:  Federal agency reorganization
             Educational facilities
             Military service academies
             Military training
             Military officers
             College students
             Enlisted personnel
             Military cost control
             Higher education
             Military appropriations

             
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Cover
================================================================ COVER


Briefing Report to Congressional Requesters

September 1993

MILITARY EDUCATION - INFORMATION
ON SERVICE ACADEMIES AND SCHOOLS

GAO/NSIAD-93-264BR

Professional Military Education

(391210)


Abbreviations
=============================================================== ABBREV

  DOD - Department of Defense

Letter
=============================================================== LETTER


B-254314

Letter Date Goes Here

The Honorable Patricia Schroeder
Chairwoman, Subcommittee on Research
 and Technology
Committee on Armed Services
House of Representatives

The Honorable Joel Hefley
House of Representatives

In response to your request and subsequent discussions, we have
examined the feasibility of relocating professional military
education institutions to the various military academies.  We
reviewed officer professional military education to determine (1) how
the services define professional military education, (2) where
professional military education courses are conducted, (3) how many
students participate in these courses, and (4) what are the costs
associated with them. 

We have briefed your office on the results of our review.  We agreed
to expand our review and include various information on officer
training activities, in addition to professional military education,
performed by the services.  This report presents the results of our
work. 


   BACKGROUND
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :1

The Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, established policies, programs,
guidelines, and procedures for coordinating, among other things, the
professional military education of members of the U.S.  Armed Forces. 
The Chairman's Memorandum 1618-93, Military Education Policy
Document, issued in March 1993, contains this guidance. 

The guidance defines professional military education as the education
that provides individuals with the skills, knowledge, and
understanding that enable them to make sound decisions in
progressively more demanding command and staff positions within the
national security environment.  It addresses the military, political,
economic, social, and psychological dimensions of national security
with varying degrees of emphasis.  These include planning and
conducting war, organization of the services, joint and combined
operations, force employment and deployment concepts, and military
leadership.  Military departments are required to incorporate the
Chairman's guidance into their own education systems. 

Each of the three military departments has a military academy.  They
are the U.S.  Military Academy in West Point, New York; the U.S. 
Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland; and the U.S.  Air Force Academy
in Colorado Springs, Colorado.  As table 1 shows, the Army, the Navy,
the Air Force, and the Marine Corps also each have one professional
military education intermediate and one senior service school. 



                                Table 1
                
                      Name and Location of Service
                    Professional Military Education
                Intermediate and Senior Service Schools

Service                         Name of school      Location of school
------------------------------  ------------------  ------------------
Intermediate schools
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Army                            Command and         Fort Leavenworth,
                                General Staff       Kansas
                                College

Navy                            College of Naval    Newport, Rhode
                                Command and Staff   Island

Air Force                       Air Command and     Maxwell Air Force
                                Staff College       Base, Montgomery,
                                                    Alabama

Marine Corps                    Command and Staff   Quantico, Virginia
                                College


Senior schools
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Army                            Army War College    Carlisle Barracks,
                                                    Pennsylvania

Navy                            College of Naval    Newport, Rhode
                                Warfare             Island

Air Force                       Air War College     Maxwell Air Force
                                                    Base, Montgomery,
                                                    Alabama

Marine Corps                    Marine Corps War    Quantico, Virginia
                                College
----------------------------------------------------------------------

   RESULTS IN BRIEF
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :2

With the exception of the Air Force Academy, the opportunity to
absorb additional professional military education institutions at the
military academies is limited by physical, financial, and
environmental constraints.  All three academies are at or over
capacity for classroom and dormitory facilities.  The U.S.  Military
and U.S.  Naval academies have very little land available to build
additional facilities. 

The services differ in how they interpret the definition of
professional military education as defined in the Military Education
Policy Document.  For example, the Army considers an officer's basic
course in a warfare specialty such as infantry or logistics as part
of professional military education, while the Air Force does not. 
Therefore, because of how the services define this education, the
Army has more professional military education schools that could be
consolidated than the Air Force. 

We identified 32 different schools involved in conducting 60
different courses.  During academic year 1992-93, over 36,000
students were enrolled in these schools. 

About $123 million was the projected cost for providing professional
military education in fiscal year 1993.  This cost includes salaries
for the instructors and support staff, but the total cost of this
education is incomplete because it does not factor in such costs as
student salaries. 


   OPPORTUNITIES FOR RELOCATING
   EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES TO THE
   SERVICE ACADEMIES ARE
   CONSIDERED LIMITED
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :3

Although each of the academies will be reducing the number of
appointments, officials stated that the reduction will not increase
the space available for classrooms or dormitories, but will ease the
current overcrowding.  They also noted other physical, financial, and
environmental constraints that restricted their ability to absorb
additional functions and activities. 


      U.S.  MILITARY ACADEMY AT
      WEST POINT
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :3.1

This Academy is located on rather mountainous terrain.  The 16,080
acre campus is surrounded by the town of Highland Falls, New York,
land owned by a major university, and the Hudson River.  The
undeveloped land within the campus is primarily on mountains and is
composed primarily of granite.  Academy officials stated that the
cost to level the mountains or to construct facilities on them would
be enormous. 

In addition, some parts of the mountains (about 9,500 acres) have
served as firing ranges in the past.  Unexploded ordnance would have
to be removed as part of any construction project.  Further, Academy
officials said that environmental laws prevent filling in the river
to increase the usable land mass. 

An Academy official told us that the 1992 enrollment of 4,320 cadets
resulted in 3 to 4 people per dormitory room.  These rooms were
designed to accommodate two per room.  Officials estimated the cost
to reconfigure the academic, cadet, and faculty facilities to address
existing deficiencies in space, laboratories, and classrooms at over
$1 billion. 

Academy officials also pointed out that any construction to the
facilities must comply with the National Historic Preservation Act of
1966 since the Academy is on the national historical register.  Even
some of the mountain vistas (scenic views) are historic and no
obstructions are allowed.  This restriction also applies to parts of
the Hudson River that border the Academy. 


      U.S.  NAVAL ACADEMY AT
      ANNAPOLIS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :3.2

The biggest constraint facing any potential relocation of education
activities to the Naval Academy is the lack of land suitable for
development at the main academic quadrant.  The Academy is bordered
on one side by the historic district of the City of Annapolis,
Maryland, and on the remaining three sides by the Severn River and
Spa Creek.  According to the officials, the Chesapeake Bay Critical
Area Act and the National Environmental Policy Act make expansion in
any direction extremely limited. 

Like the U.S.  Military Academy at West Point, the main site of the
Academy has been designated as a National Historic Landmark District. 
Its buildings, property, and certain open spaces and vistas are
subject to protection of the National Historic Preservation Act of
1966.  Officials said that all buildings are in full use.  They also
stated that preliminary findings of an ongoing academic space
study--scheduled for issuance in March 1994--indicate a deficiency in
existing laboratory space and faculty offices. 


      U.S.  AIR FORCE ACADEMY AT
      COLORADO SPRINGS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :3.3

The Air Force Academy is the newest of the three academies and was
built about 40 years ago.  Unlike the two older academies, this
Academy is not on the national historical register and is not
constrained by preservation requirements.  It has about 18,000 acres
and about half of it could possibly be used to accommodate additional
educational facilities.  However, an Air Force official stated that
the cost of new construction projects for relocating the Air Force
intermediate and senior service schools may be prohibitive.  That is,
the cost to build at the Academy might be more than the expected
savings anticipated through consolidation or relocation. 

The official also said that space deficiencies exist in the current
faculty and student facilities, and Congress appropriated $36 million
in fiscal years 1991-92 for an expansion project to overcome these
identified deficiencies.  The Department of Defense (DOD) released
these funds on August 21, 1993. 


   SERVICES INTERPRET MILITARY
   EDUCATION DEFINITION
   DIFFERENTLY
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :4

As the Military Education Policy Document points out, professional
military education has five progressive levels:  precommissioning,
primary, intermediate, senior, and general/flag.\1

Each level is designed to provide the officer with the necessary
skills and knowledge to function effectively and to assume additional
responsibilities.  For example, at the primary level the education
provides basic and advanced instruction in selected areas, called
branch specialties. 

Instruction at the intermediate level is designed for promotable
captains or majors or their equivalents in the other services. 
Instruction at the senior levels is intended for lieutenant colonels
or colonels or their equivalents. 

The Army, the Navy, and the Marine Corps consider primary level
education in a warfare specialty as part of the officer's
professional military education process.  The Air Force, on the other
hand, considers such courses as specialized training. 

At the primary level, the basic and advanced courses provide
instruction in warfare specialties, such as infantry or armor in the
Army and air or surface warfare in the Navy.  The Squadron Officer
School in the Air Force is designed to improve the professional
competence of captains.  At the intermediate and senior levels, the
components of each service's professional military education process
are similar. 


--------------------
\1 Precommissioning includes the education received at the military
academies, or the education received through the Reserve Officer
Training Program, or Officers Candidate Schools.  Primary includes
the education in warfare specialties, such as infantry, logistics,
surface warfare, or subsurface warfare.  Intermediate includes
education in theater operations, while senior education is oriented
toward national military strategy.  General/flag education is
designed to prepare such officers for employment of large bodies of
troops in pursuit of national security interests. 


   SERVICES' SCHOOLS PROVIDING
   PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :5

The services had 32 schools providing 60 courses for over 36,000
students during academic year 1992-93.  Tables 2, 3, 4, and 5 provide
the breakdown for each service.  Our inventory of courses and their
locations in this report is not all-inclusive.  For courses, we
included the most common ones offered primarily to active-duty
personnel.  No electives or reserve-specific courses were included. 
For locations, the primary locations where the courses were taught
were used.  We did not include the thousands of satellite facilities
where courses are offered. 



                                Table 2
                
                Summary Showing the Number of Air Force
                Schools Providing Professional Military
                   Education Along With the Number of
                  Different Courses Taught at Various
                  Levels During Academic Year 1992-93


Item                                     Primary  Intermediate  Senior
--------------------------------------  --------  ------------  ------
Schools                                        1             1       1
Courses                                        1             1       1
Graduates                                  3,000           495     250
Locations                                      1             1       1
----------------------------------------------------------------------
The Air Force has located its primary school--Squadron Officer
School, its intermediate school, and its senior school at Maxwell Air
Force Base in Montgomery, Alabama.  At each level, the schools focus
on one course of instruction, such as the command and staff college
course at the intermediate school.  (See app.  I for additional
details on the courses taught at each location.)



                                Table 3
                
                   Summary Showing the Number of Army
                Schools Providing Professional Military
                   Education Along With the Number of
                  Different Courses Taught at Various
                  Levels During Academic Year 1992-93


Item                                     Primary  Intermediate  Senior
--------------------------------------  --------  ------------  ------
Schools                                       19             1       1
Courses                                       43             1       1
Graduates                                 26,190         1,200     386
Locations                                     17             1       1
----------------------------------------------------------------------
The Army's primary level includes instruction in 18 different warfare
specialties, such as infantry and logistics.  The Army's intermediate
school is located in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and the senior school
is located in Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania.  The instruction for
all three levels is provided at 19 different locations in the United
States.  (See app.  II for additional details on the courses taught
at each location.)



                                Table 4
                
                   Summary Showing the Number of Navy
                Schools Providing Professional Military
                   Education Along With the Number of
                  Different Courses Taught at Various
                  Levels During Academic Year 1992-93


Item                                     Primary  Intermediate  Senior
--------------------------------------  --------  ------------  ------
Schools                                        3             1       1
Courses                                        5             1       1
Graduates                                  3,444           273     261
Locations                                      4             1       1
----------------------------------------------------------------------
The Navy's primary schools are located in San Diego, California;
Newport, Rhode Island; New London, Connecticut; and Pensacola,
Florida.  The Navy's intermediate and senior schools are both in
Newport, Rhode Island.  (See app.  III for additional details on the
courses taught at each location.)



                                Table 5
                
                  Summary Showing the Number of Marine
                  Corps Schools Providing Professional
                Military Education Along With the Number
                 of Different Courses Taught at Various
                  Levels During Academic Year 1992-93


Item                                     Primary  Intermediate  Senior
--------------------------------------  --------  ------------  ------
Schools                                        1             1       1
Courses                                        3             1       1
Graduates                                    512           211       9
Locations                                      1             1       1
----------------------------------------------------------------------
All of the above Marine Corps schools are located in Quantico,
Virginia.  (See app.  IV for additional details on the courses taught
at this location.)


   COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH
   PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION
   NOT AVAILABLE
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :6

The services and the Office of the Secretary of Defense collect data
on the costs associated with professional military education and
training.  However, the existing cost systems are not designed to
isolate the costs associated solely with professional military
education. 

The projected cost provided us for professional military education in
fiscal year 1993 is about $123 million.  This cost includes salaries
for instructors and support staff, but excludes the salaries of the
students.  The figure does not include other costs such as family
housing, permanent change of station for students, and other
miscellaneous costs.  Including such costs and combining them with
primary level education costs would provide a more accurate measure
of the total costs associated with professional military education,
but current accounting systems do not accumulate costs this way. 


   SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :7

In conducting this review, we collected and analyzed pertinent
documents, interviewed cognizant DOD personnel, and visited the three
military academies.  We reviewed engineering plans for expansion
where available, discussed expansion constraints with Academy
officials, and collected and analyzed information on student capacity
figures at the three service academies. 

We obtained cost data from the Office of the Secretary of Defense and
the various services comptrollers.  Cost reports and other data were
also obtained from the academies and reviewed to attempt to determine
the total cost of professional military education. 

We performed our work from July 1992 through June 1993 in accordance
with generally accepted government auditing standards.  We did not
obtain written comments from DOD, but we discussed the information
developed with agency officials and they generally agreed with its
contents. 


---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :7.1

We are sending copies of this report to the appropriate congressional
committees; the Director, Office of Management and Budget; the
Secretaries of Defense, the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. 
Copies will also be made available to others on request. 

Please contact me at (202) 512-5140 if you or your staff have any
questions concerning this report.  The major contributors to this
report are George E.  Breen Jr., Assistant Director; Frank Bowers,
Senior Evaluator; and Meeta Sharma, Senior Evaluator. 

Mark E.  Gebicke
Director, Military Operations
 and Capabilities Issues


AIR FORCE PROFESSIONAL MILITARY
EDUCATION
=========================================================== Appendix I

This appendix contains additional information on the Air Force
professional military education and training programs.  We included
training information, as requested, to supplement the services'
professional military education activities. 

The schools associated with the three professional military education
levels--primary, intermediate, and senior--are located at Maxwell Air
Force Base in Montgomery, Alabama.  The following table shows the
schools associated with each level, the length of the program, the
frequency the program is provided during each academic year, along
with enrollment data for academic year 1992-93. 



                               Table I.1
                
                   Schedule Showing Air Force Schools
                    Providing Professional Military
                   Education and Training, Length of
                Program, Frequency Taught Along With the
                           Maximum Class Size

                                              Frequency
                                                 taught
                                      Length     (times  Maximum class
Professional military                 (weeks       each     size (each
education level             School         )      year)        course)
--------------------------  --------  ------  ---------  -------------
Primary                     Squadron
                             Officer
                             School        7          5          3,000
Intermediate                Air           40          1            495
                             Command
                             & Staff
                             College
Senior                      Air War
                             College      40          1            250
----------------------------------------------------------------------
The remainder of this appendix discusses training activities.  The
Air Force differs from the other services in its interpretation of
the components of professional military education.  The Air Force
classifies instruction in career fields, such as finance or
logistics, as training.  The Air Force has
21 such training career fields.  We have listed these career fields
in the following table along with the primary locations where the
instruction is given. 



                               Table I.2
                
                 Schedule Listing the Career Fields in
                the Air Force and the Primary Locations
                      Where the Training Is Given

Career field            Location
----------------------  ----------------------------------------------
Operations\a            Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi
                        Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida
                        Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado

Logistics (Missiles &   Chanute Air Force Base, Illinois
Aircraft)               Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi

Logistics (Other)       Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio

Communications          Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi
                        Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado
                        Lackland Air Force Base, Texas

Civil Engineering       Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio

Finance                 Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi
                        Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas

Personnel               Keesler Air Force, Mississippi
                        Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama

Public Affairs          Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana

Intelligence            Goodfellow Air Force Base, Texas
                        Bolling Air Force Base, Maryland

Security Police         Fort McClellan, Alabama
                        Lackland Air Force Base, Texas

Legal                   Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama

Chaplain                Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama

Medical                 Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas
                        Brooks Air Force Base, Texas
                        Lackland Air Force Base, Texas
                        Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi

International           Foreign Service Institute,
Politico-               Washington, D.C.
Military Affairs

Disaster Preparedness   Lowry Air Force Base, Colorado
                        Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico

Visual Information      Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi
                        Lowry Air Force Base, Colorado

Scientific &            Chanute Air Force Base, Illinois
Development             Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi
Engineering

Program Management      Fort Belvoir, Virginia

Cartography             Fort Belvoir, Virginia

Special Investigations  Bolling Air Force Base, Maryland


Band\b
----------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Includes pilot, navigator, air traffic controller, air weapons
controller, missile operator, operations manager, and space operator. 

\b No initial skills training are offered since the Air Force assumes
that individuals are already qualified when they are recruited. 

The previous table shows that some installations are the primary
teaching locations for more than one career field.  To provide more
clarification, figure I.1 groups the career fields by their primary
teaching locations. 

   Figure I.1:  Air Force Training
   Primary Teaching Locations in
   the U.S.

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)


ARMY PROFESSIONAL MILITARY
EDUCATION
========================================================== Appendix II

The following information is presented in three separate sections
that correspond to the three levels of professional military
education--primary, intermediate, and senior.  We also included
training information, as requested, to supplement the Army's
professional military education activities. 


   PRIMARY LEVEL PROFESSIONAL
   MILITARY EDUCATION
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix II:1

At the primary level, the Army provides basic and advanced
instruction in 18 branch specialties.  Table II.1 lists the branch
specialties along with the location where the instruction occurs.



                               Table II.1
                
                        Army Branch Specialties

Branch specialty        Location
----------------------  ----------------------------------------------
Aviation                Fort Rucker, Alabama

Ordnance                Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland

Quartermaster           Fort Lee, Virginia\a

Signal                  Fort Gordon, Georgia

Finance                 Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana

Adjutant General        Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana

Intelligence            Fort Huachuca, Arizona

Military Police         Fort McClellan, Alabama

Legal                   Charlottesville, Virginia

Chaplain                Fort Monmouth, New Jersey

Medical                 Washington, D.C.

Chemical                Fort McClellan, Alabama

Field Artillery         Fort Sill, Oklahoma

Infantry                Fort Benning, Georgia

Armor                   Fort Knox, Kentucky

Air Defense             Fort Bliss, Texas

Engineering             Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri

Transportation          Fort Eustis, Virginia
----------------------------------------------------------------------
\a The Aviation Logistics School is located at Fort Eustis, Virginia;
the Army Logistics Management College is located at Fort Lee,
Virginia. 

Table II.2 shows the branch specialty courses, their length,
frequency taught during an academic year, and enrollment data. 



                               Table II.2
                
                 Schedule Showing Army Branch Specialty
                 Courses, Length of Courses, Frequency
                  Taught, Along With the Maximum Class
                                 Sizes

                                  Length      Frequency  Maximum class
                                  (weeks   taught (each     size (each
Branch specialty/course                )          year)        course)
--------------------------------  ------  -------------  -------------
Aviation
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                  9              6             85
Advanced                              20              4            128

Chemical
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                 19              9             42
Advanced                              20              5             36

Engineering
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                 17              6            160
Advanced                              20              6             65

Field Artillery
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                 19             10            150
Advanced                              20              4            160

Infantry
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                 16              9            210
Advanced                              20              4            210

Academy of Health Sciences\a
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                 10              6             80
Advanced                              20              3            320

Ordnance/missiles
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                 16              4             25
Advanced                              20              4             32

Ordnance/maintenance
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                 18             12             25
Advanced                              20             16             14

Quartermaster
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                 17             10             60
Advanced                              20              6             64

Signal
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                 19              6             96
Advanced                              20             10             42

Finance
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                 15              2             42
Advanced                              20              2             30

Adjutant General
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                 13              7             50
Advanced                              20              2             60

Chaplain
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                 11              1             60
Advanced                              20              3             60

Armor
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                 16             13             80
Advanced                              20              3            172

Judge Advocate General
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                 10              2             85
Advanced                              42              1             90

Military Police
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                 15             10             54
Advanced                              20              4             48

Intelligence
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                 23              8             42
Advanced                              20              9             63

Air Defense
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                 10              4            120
Advanced                              20              4             60

Transportation
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                 17              5            125
Advanced                              20             16            102
----------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Within the medical branch specialty, there are nine different
basic courses provided.  These courses range from 4 to 14 weeks.  The
maximum class size in each course ranges from 20 to
250 students. 

Most of the schools have developed similar courses for the reserve
components.  Such courses are frequently provided in phases to
accommodate the schedules of reserve component personnel. 


   INTERMEDIATE LEVEL PROFESSIONAL
   MILITARY EDUCATION
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix II:2

The Command and General Staff Officer's course is the intermediate
level professional military education.  This course is taught at the
Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.  The
mission of this college is to educate selected officers in the values
and attitudes of the profession of arms and in the conduct of
military operations in peace, conflict, and war with emphasis at
corps and division level.  Table II.3 shows the course, its length,
the frequency taught during each academic year, along with enrollment
data. 



                               Table II.3
                
                    Schedule Showing the Army Course
                     Comprising Intermediate Level
                Professional Military Education, Length
                   of Program, Frequency Taught, and
                            Enrollment Data

                                              Frequency  Maximum class
                                  Length  taught (times     size (each
Course                           (weeks)     each year)        course)
--------------------------  ------------  -------------  -------------
Command and General Staff
 Officer                              40              1          1,200
----------------------------------------------------------------------

   SENIOR LEVEL PROFESSIONAL
   MILITARY EDUCATION
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix II:3

Senior level professional military education in the Army consists of
one program.  The Army conducts this program at the Army War College
located at the Carlisle Barracks in Pennsylvania.  Table II.4
provides data similar to that provided on the courses at the primary
and intermediate levels. 



                               Table II.4
                
                    Schedule Showing the Army Course
                  Comprising Senior Level Professional
                 Military Education, Length of Program,
                 Frequency Taught, and Enrollment Data

                                  Length      Frequency  Maximum class
                                  (weeks  taught (times     size (each
Course                                 )     each year)        course)
--------------------------------  ------  -------------  -------------
War College                           40              1            289
----------------------------------------------------------------------

NAVY PROFESSIONAL MILITARY
EDUCATION
========================================================= Appendix III

The following information is on the Navy professional military
education and training programs. 


   PRIMARY LEVEL PROFESSIONAL
   MILITARY EDUCATION AND TRAINING
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:1

At the primary level, the Navy provides education and training in
three separate warfare specialties--surface warfare, submarine
warfare, and air warfare.  For surface and submarine warfare, the
Navy program has two components--one for pilots and one for naval
flight officers.  Table III.1 provides additional information on the
different activities.  We also included in the appendix training
information, as requested, to supplement the services' professional
military education activities. 



                                   Table III.1
                     
                      Schedule Listing the Locations of Navy
                     Schools Providing Professional Military
                      Education and Training, Course, Course
                       Length, Frequency Taught, Along With
                                 Enrollment Data

                                                       Frequency   Maximum class
Type of warfare/                          Length   taught (times      size (each
location                School/course    (weeks)      each year)         course)
----------------------  --------------  --------  --------------  --------------
Surface
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
San Diego, California   Surface               15               6             505
                         Warfare
                         Officer
                         School
                         (basic)
Newport, Rhode Island   Surface               15               6             660
                         Warfare
                         Officer
                         School
                         (basic)
                        Surface               24               5             444
                         Warfare
                         Officer
                         School
                         (department
                         head or
                         advanced)

Submarine
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New London,             Submarine             12               8             550
 Connecticut             Officer Basic
                         Course
                        Submarine             22               9             160
                         Officer
                         Advanced
                         Course

Air
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pensacola, Florida      Pilot Pipeline    49 -69          Varies           1,054
                        Naval Flight      36 -58          Varies             395
                         Officer
                         Pipeline
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   INTERMEDIATE AND SENIOR LEVEL
   PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:2

Navy intermediate and senior level professional military education is
conducted at Newport, Rhode Island.  The Navy has located its College
of Naval Command and Staff and its College of Naval Warfare at this
one location.  Table III.2 provides data associated with each of
these schools. 



                              Table III.2
                
                   Schedule Listing the Navy Schools
                Providing Intermediate and Senior Level
                Professional Military Education, Course,
                 Course Length, Frequency Taught, Along
                          With Enrollment Data

                                  Length      Frequency  Maximum class
                                  (weeks  taught (times     size (each
School/course                          )     each year)        course)
--------------------------------  ------  -------------  -------------
College of Naval Command and          40              1            273
 Staff (intermediate)
College of Naval Warfare              40              1            261
 (senior)
----------------------------------------------------------------------

U.S.  MARINE CORPS PROFESSIONAL
MILITARY EDUCATION
========================================================== Appendix IV

The following information is provided in separate sections to
correspond to the levels of professional military education.  The
Marine Corps has located all of its professional military educational
facilities at Quantico, Virginia. 


   PRIMARY LEVEL PROFESSIONAL
   MILITARY EDUCATION
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1

At the primary level, the Marine Corps has a basic course and two
different advanced courses.  Marine Corps officers would normally
attend one of the two advanced courses--one in amphibious warfare the
other in communications.  Table IV.1 provides information on the
components of primary level education. 



                               Table IV.1
                
                   Schedule Showing the Components of
                Marine Corps Primary Level Professional
                 Military Education, Length, Frequency
                   Taught, Along With Enrollment Data

                                  Length      Frequency  Maximum class
                                  (weeks  taught (times     size (each
School                                 )     each year)        course)
--------------------------------  ------  -------------  -------------
Basic                                 23              6        190-250
Amphibious warfare (advanced)         40              1            204
Communication officers                40              1             58
 (advanced; taken instead of
 amphibious warfare)
----------------------------------------------------------------------

   INTERMEDIATE AND SENIOR LEVEL
   PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:2

Marine Corps intermediate and senior level professional military
education is also conducted at Quantico, Virginia.  Both its Command
and Staff College and its War College are at this location.  Table
IV.2 provides information on the components of intermediate and
senior level education. 



                               Table IV.2
                
                   Schedule Showing the Components of
                  Marine Corps Intermediate and Senior
                Professional Military Education, Length,
                Frequency Taught, Along With Enrollment
                                  Data

                                  Length      Frequency  Maximum class
                                  (weeks  taught (times     size (each
School                                 )     each year)        course)
--------------------------------  ------  -------------  -------------
Command and Staff College             40              1            191
 (intermediate)
War College (senior)                  40              1              9
----------------------------------------------------------------------

*** End of document. ***