Drug and Alcohol Abuse: Billions Spent Annually for Treatment and
Prevention Activities (Letter Report, 10/08/96, GAO/HEHS-97-12).
Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on the
financial support provided for substance abuse and treatment activities
by federal, state, and local governments and the private sector.
GAO found that: (1) federal funding for substance abuse treatment and
prevention activities for fiscal year (FY) 1994 totalled $4.4 billion;
(2) the Departments of Health and Human Services, Education, and
Veterans Affairs provided 83 percent of total federal funding for
treatment and prevention activities for FY 1994; (3) many federal
programs targeted specific population groups and provided a wide range
of treatment and prevention services; (4) state, county, and local
governments' total expenditures for treatment and prevention activities
amounted to $1.6 billion for FY 1994; (5) private funding for substance
abuse treatment totalled $1 billion in 1993; (6) the financial
information provided by federal, state, and local governments
underestimated the total amount spent on drug abuse and prevention
services because they did not report all sources of contributions; (7)
treatment services received the greater portion of funding from all
entities; and (8) from FY 1990 to 1994, the federal government increased
its financial support for treatment and prevention activities by 60
percent and state, county, and local governments' combined funding for
treatment and prevention activities increased by 22 percent.
--------------------------- Indexing Terms -----------------------------
REPORTNUM: HEHS-97-12
TITLE: Drug and Alcohol Abuse: Billions Spent Annually for
Treatment and Prevention Activities
DATE: 10/08/96
SUBJECT: Drug treatment
Drug abuse
Appropriated funds
Alcohol or drug abuse problems
Alcohol abuse
Federal aid programs
State aid
Local governments
IDENTIFIER: Medicare Program
Medicaid Program
Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and
Children
Head Start Program
National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment Unit Survey
WIC
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Cover
================================================================ COVER
Report to Congressional Requesters
October 1996
DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE - BILLIONS
SPENT ANNUALLY FOR TREATMENT AND
PREVENTION ACTIVITIES
GAO/HEHS-97-12
Substance Abuse Funding
(108288)
Abbreviations
=============================================================== ABBREV
AIDS - acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
CARE - Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act
CSAP - Center for Substance Abuse Prevention
CSAT - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment
FAA - Federal Aviation Administration
FACES - Family and Community Endeavor Schools
HHS - Department of Health and Human Services
HIV - human immunodeficiency virus
HUD - Department of Housing and Urban Development
IDU - injecting drug users
JTPA - Job Training Partnership Act
LEA - local education agency
NASADAD - National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse
Directors
NDATUS - National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment Unit Survey
NIAAA - National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
NIDA - National Institute on Drug Abuse
NIH - National Institutes of Health
ONDCP - Office of National Drug Control Policy
SAMHSA - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
VA - Department of Veterans Affairs
WIC - Department of Agriculture's Special Supplemental Program for
Women, Infants, and Children
Letter
=============================================================== LETTER
B-274061
October 8, 1996
The Honorable Bob Livingston
Chairman, Committee on Appropriations
House of Representatives
The Honorable John Edward Porter
Chairman, Subcommittee on Labor, Health and
Human Services, Education and Related Agencies
Committee on Appropriations
House of Representatives
Drug and alcohol abuse are major problems confronting America.\1 In
1994, more than 25 million people were estimated to have used an
illicit drug in the past year; 3.9 million used cocaine, and about
350,000 used heroin. A large proportion of illicit drug users are
marijuana users. Additionally, about 140 million people aged 12 and
older were estimated to have used alcohol in the past year, and about
73 percent of high school seniors surveyed had consumed alcohol in
the past year. To help combat substance abuse, federal, state, and
local governments and the private sector fund treatment and
prevention activities. As the Congress makes decisions about
appropriating funds for such activities, information about the
relative contributions of the various government and private funding
sources for these treatment and prevention activities is not
routinely available to it.
This report responds to your request for information that provides a
broader picture of the financial support provided for substance abuse
treatment and prevention activities. Specifically, you asked us to
use available data sources to determine the total funding reported to
be provided by federal, state, and local governments and the private
sector. You also asked that we include descriptions of substance
abuse programs and activities that are federally funded and the
populations they serve.
To provide funding information on substance abuse treatment and
prevention activities, we obtained information on (1) federal budget
authority\2 for fiscal years 1990 through 1994 from the Office of
National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP); (2) expenditure data for state,
county, and local governments for fiscal years 1990 through 1994 from
the National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors
(NASADAD); and (3) 1993 private funding for treatment services from
the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
(SAMHSA), as well as information on the top foundation contributors
for 1993 and 1994 from the Foundation Center. To obtain descriptions
of federal programs and target populations, we used ONDCP's budget
summaries as our primary source of information. These data were the
latest available from the sources mentioned above. Even though
federal and state fiscal periods often differ, to be as consistent as
possible, we analyzed funding data reported for fiscal years 1990
through 1994.
Although the data contained in this report were the latest and most
comprehensive that were readily available, they do not reflect the
total contributions of public and private sources that fund substance
abuse treatment and prevention activities.\3 For example, federal
data do not include alcohol-only programs; state and county
expenditure data represent only those programs that receive funds
from state alcohol and drug abuse agencies; and private sector
funding is for treatment services only. (See app. I for a detailed
description of our scope and methodology.)
--------------------
\1 Throughout this report, "drug and alcohol abuse" is referred to as
"substance abuse."
\2 Budget authority is the authority provided by law to enter into
financial obligations that will result in immediate or future outlays
involving federal government funds.
\3 Our three primary data sources (ONDCP, NASADAD, and SAMHSA) use
different methods of collecting and reporting data, and they do not
include all possible sources of funding for substance abuse
prevention and treatment activities.
RESULTS IN BRIEF
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :1
Federal, state, county, and local governments and the private sector
together reported contributing several billion dollars annually to
substance abuse treatment and prevention programs, with a large
portion going to treatment services. However, this estimate probably
understates the total amounts because these entities do not report
their total contributions to treatment and prevention activities.
From fiscal year 1990 through 1994, federal funding jumped from $2.8
billion to $4.4 billion, with the Departments of Health and Human
Services (HHS), Veterans Affairs (VA), and Education accounting for
about 83 percent of this amount. Combined state, county, and local
expenditures increased from about $1.3 billion to about $1.6
billion.\4 Although data on private sector funding for substance
abuse treatment are very limited, available sources indicate funding
of more than $1 billion in 1993.
Numerous programs in 16 federal agencies cover a broad range of
treatment and prevention services and often target specific
populations, such as youths, women, and veterans. Generally,
treatment services include diagnostic assessment, detoxification, and
counseling. Prevention activities usually include providing
information and education about alternatives to and consequences of
alcohol abuse and illicit drug use. Examples of federal programs
that provide treatment, prevention, or both services include the
Pregnant and Postpartum Women and Infants program and the Safe and
Drug-Free Schools and Communities program.
--------------------
\4 Because fiscal year periods can differ among federal, state,
county, and local governments, this dollar range is as precise as
possible.
BACKGROUND
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :2
The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-690) requires ONDCP to
develop a national drug control strategy, in consultation with agency
and department heads and others involved in drug control matters.
With the President's approval, this strategy is submitted annually to
the Congress. In addition to long- and short-term objectives, it
contains information on past and estimated future federal funding in
support of efforts to reduce drug supply and demand.
Each year since 1983, state alcohol and drug agencies have
voluntarily submitted data detailing the fiscal, client, and other
aspects of their substance abuse programs to NASADAD. The state,
county, and local governments' expenditure data, including federal
support, are analyzed and published by NASADAD under a contract with
SAMHSA of HHS. Also, SAMHSA collects data on private funding for
substance abuse treatment services through its survey of drug and
alcohol treatment units.
The primary source of our information on contributions from private
and community foundations has been the Foundation Center. The
Foundation Center, established in 1956, is an independent, nonprofit
service organization. Its mission is to foster public understanding
of institutional philanthropy by collecting, organizing, analyzing,
and disseminating information on foundations, corporate giving, and
other topics.
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FUNDS A
MAJOR PORTION OF SUBSTANCE
ABUSE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
ACTIVITIES
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :3
The federal government provides a large portion of the financial
support for substance abuse treatment and prevention activities. For
fiscal year 1994, federal budget authority for treatment and
prevention activities was $4.4 billion--a 59-percent increase over
the 1990 amount.\5 \6 When adjusted for inflation, this equates to a
41.3-percent increase from 1990 through 1994. Three
departments--HHS, VA, and Education--accounted for the vast majority
of the 1994 budget authority. The substance abuse programs that
federal agencies fund provide a variety of services; however,
treatment programs received a much larger proportion of funding than
prevention programs in 1994. It should be noted that the data we
obtained may not accurately represent total federal support for
treatment and prevention because some programs may have been omitted
and much of the data has not been independently validated.
--------------------
\5 The total federal government funding for efforts to reduce drug
and alcohol use in fiscal year 1994 was about $12.2 billion.
Activities other than treatment and prevention include, for example,
law enforcement and international activities.
\6 In this report, we use a fiscal year's actual budget authority as
reported in the following year's national drug control strategy
budget summary. For example, fiscal year 1990's actual budget
authority was taken from the 1991 National Drug Control Strategy's
budget summary. According to ONDCP officials, these amounts do not
reflect adjustments made in subsequent years due to congressional
action and program changes. Prior years' actual budget authority
will continue to be subjected to adjustments that reflect these types
of changes. Each year, ONDCP updates prior year actual budget
authority figures in the historical tables included in the strategy's
appendix.
FEDERAL FUNDING FOR
TREATMENT AND PREVENTION HAS
INCREASED SINCE FISCAL YEAR
1990
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :3.1
Federal funding for substance abuse treatment and prevention
activities increased by $1.6 billion from fiscal year 1990 through
1994. During this time period, the number of federal agencies that
reported funding for treatment and prevention programs rose from 12
to 16. Federal budget authority for fiscal year 1990 was $2.8
billion, but by fiscal year 1994 the funding amount had reached $4.4
billion. (See app. II for federal funding by agency for fiscal
years 1990 through 1994.) The most recent data released by ONDCP show
that fiscal year 1995 budget authority for treatment and prevention
activities increased about $250 million over the 1994 amount.\7 (See
app. III.)
Comparing the funding in fiscal years 1990 and 1994, changes in the
budget authority for substance abuse treatment and prevention
activities varied widely among federal agencies. The largest dollar
increase occurred in HHS' budget, where budget authority increased by
about $800 million, from $1.4 billion to $2.2 billion. This change
accounted for about one-half of the total increase in federal funding
over the 5-year period. Some of the growth can be attributed to the
creation of substance abuse block grants and increased reimbursement
for treatment services through Medicare and Medicaid.
The changes in funding for substance abuse treatment and prevention
services among all 16 agencies ranged from a 196-percent increase to
about a 27-percent decrease.\8 The Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD) had the highest percentage increase in funding.
Its budget authority went from $106.5 million to $315 million--the
bulk of which appeared to be for increases in drug elimination grants
that fund drug prevention and control at public and Native American
housing developments. The Department of Justice had the highest
percentage decrease. Its budget authority declined from $133 million
to about $98 million. Although some offices within Justice
experienced increases in their budget authority, the Office of
Justice Programs' $50 million decrease resulted in Justice's overall
decline in funding for substance abuse treatment and prevention
activities.
--------------------
\7 ONDCP's 1996 National Drug Control Strategy contains fiscal year
1995 actual federal budget authority, the 1996 estimate, and the
President's 1997 request for substance abuse treatment and prevention
activities. Although ONDCP released its 1996 strategy before we
issued this report, its data are not included in our analysis of
federal funding.
\8 When adjusted for inflation, the percentages range from a
162-percent increase to a 35-percent decrease.
THREE DEPARTMENTS ACCOUNTED
FOR MOST FUNDING IN FISCAL
YEAR 1994
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :3.2
Of the 16 agencies, 3 departments accounted for most of the federal
funds that were available for substance abuse treatment and
prevention activities in fiscal year 1994. The combined budget
authority of HHS, Education, and VA was about $3.68 billion, or 83
percent of the total federal funding for substance abuse treatment
and prevention activities for that year. HHS alone, which has the
largest number of agencies with substance abuse treatment and
prevention programs, accounted for about half of the fiscal year 1994
budget authority. SAMHSA, within HHS, provided more federal funding
for substance abuse treatment and prevention activities than any
other agency. SAMHSA's fiscal year 1994 budget authority was about
$1.4 billion. The National Institutes of Health (NIH), also within
HHS, provided the next highest level of funding. Its fiscal year
1994 budget authority was $425.2 million. Figure 1 shows fiscal year
1994 budget authority for substance abuse treatment and prevention
activities by agency.
Figure 1: Treatment and
Prevention Funding by Federal
Agency , Fiscal Year 1994
(See figure in printed
edition.)
Note: In addition, the Small Business Administration devoted
$200,000 to prevention activities.
Source: ONDCP, 1995 National Drug Control Strategy Budget Summary
(Washington, D.C.: ONDCP, 1995).
Substance abuse treatment services received a larger proportion of
federal budget authority than prevention services in fiscal year
1994. Treatment services accounted for $2.6 billion, or about 60
percent of the total federal funding available. (See fig. 2.)
Figure 2: Proportion of Total
Federal Funding for Treatment
Versus Prevention, Fiscal Year
1994
(See figure in printed
edition.)
Source: ONDCP, 1995 National Drug Control Strategy Budget Summary
(Washington, D.C.: ONDCP, 1995).
FEDERAL PROGRAMS PROVIDE A
MIXED MENU OF SERVICES FOR
TARGETED POPULATIONS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :3.3
Federal agencies' programs provide an array of substance abuse
treatment services and prevention activities to a variety of targeted
population groups. Treatment comprises an assortment of formal
organized services for people who have abused alcohol, other drugs,
or both. Treatment services can include diagnostic assessment;
detoxification; and medical, psychiatric, and psychological
counseling. Prevention activities focus on individuals who may be at
risk for alcohol or other drug problems. These activities include
providing information and education that increase knowledge of drug
abuse and alternative drug-free life styles, encouraging communities
to implement responses to drug use, and drug testing. One federal
program that provides both treatment and prevention services is Head
Start, which offers prevention activities for young children and
supporting community-based activities for parents and other family
members. Another example is the Pregnant and Postpartum Women and
Infants program. In part, it funds demonstration programs that
coordinate and link health promotion and treatment services for
substance-using pregnant women and their young children. The program
also supports treatment services in residential settings that permit
infants and children to live with their substance-using mothers.
Other programs also provide services for specific populations, such
as high-risk youth; elementary, secondary, and postsecondary
students; and veterans.
Some agencies fund programs whose primary objective is to provide
substance abuse treatment and prevention activities. Other agencies'
programs include these activities as one component of a nonsubstance
abuse program. For example, the main objective of the Department of
Agriculture's Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and
Children (WIC) program is to provide nutritious food and nutrition
education to women and children who are considered to be at
nutritional risk. As part of nutrition education, WIC counsels
participants about the dangers of substance abuse. Program
participants are also referred to substance abuse counseling, when
appropriate. Appendix IV contains federal agencies' funding levels
for substance abuse treatment and prevention and brief descriptions
of the federal programs that provided support for these services for
fiscal year 1994.
FEDERAL DATA LIMITATIONS
AFFECT THEIR USEFULNESS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :3.4
ONDCP was the most comprehensive single source for information on
federal substance abuse treatment and prevention funding and
programs. However, ONDCP's budget summary data are limited in their
coverage of substance abuse programs and are not routinely subjected
to large-scale verification. We observed that ONDCP does not always
include alcohol treatment and prevention programs in its budget
summaries. For example, no information on NIH's National Institute
on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism is included in NIH's budget
authority. Moreover, when we compared ONDCP's data with federal
agencies' justifications of budget estimates prepared for
congressional appropriations committees, the combined funding for
three agencies differed by about $655 million in fiscal year 1994.\9
According to ONDCP officials, the differences are due to the
inclusion of alcohol-only programs in the agencies' justification of
estimates. ONDCP does not include alcohol-only programs in its
budget summary because these programs are not "scored"--that is,
categorized--as drug programs. Additionally, VA's 1996 congressional
budget justification did not include VA's full complement of
treatment programs. Data limitations also stem from the use of
different methods of estimating the amount of program funding
specifically used for substance abuse treatment and prevention and
from different determinations of what constitutes a prevention or
treatment program.
--------------------
\9 Only SAMHSA, VA, and the Indian Health Service's justifications of
estimates for fiscal year 1996 included detailed substance abuse
treatment and prevention funding data that allowed for comparisons
with ONDCP's budget summaries.
STATE, COUNTY, AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS SPEND MORE THAN A
BILLION DOLLARS ANNUALLY
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :4
The combined contributions of state, county, and local governments
constitute a sizable portion of the financial support for substance
abuse treatment and prevention activities. In fiscal year 1994,
these entities spent about $1.6 billion--most of which was used for
treatment services.\10 This fiscal year 1994 spending exceeded fiscal
year 1990 expenditures by about 22 percent (about 8 percent when
adjusted for inflation). Users of these data should note that total
spending by state and local governments probably exceeds these
reported expenditures.
--------------------
\10 Throughout the discussion of state, county, and local
governments' expenditures, the District of Columbia and U.S.
territories are counted as states unless otherwise noted.
STATE, COUNTY, AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENT SPENDING HAS
INCREASED SINCE FISCAL YEAR
1990
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :4.1
In fiscal years 1990 through 1994, state, county, and local
governments' total expenditures increased overall for substance abuse
treatment and prevention activities. Combined expenditures rose from
$1.3 billion to about $1.6 billion--about a $300 million increase.
(App. V shows state, county, and local governments' annual
expenditures and the percentage change from fiscal year 1990 through
1994.) On a percentage basis, there was more fluctuation in local
governments' spending than in state spending over the 5-year period.
Also during this period, combined spending for substance abuse
treatment consistently exceeded that for prevention. Although total
treatment and prevention expenditures increased over the 5 years,
spending for prevention actually decreased by about 1 percent while
spending for treatment increased by 26 percent (these percentages
equate to 12 and 11 percent, respectively, when adjusted for
inflation) (see apps. VI and VII). In fiscal year 1994, treatment
services accounted for more than 88 percent of total spending by the
entities combined (see fig. 3).
Figure 3: Percentage of State,
County, and Local Substance
Abuse Expenditures for
Treatment and Prevention
Activities, Fiscal Year 1994
(See figure in printed
edition.)
STATE, COUNTY, AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS' DATA
LIMITATIONS AFFECT THEIR
USEFULNESS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :4.2
The expenditure data voluntarily submitted to NASADAD by state and
local governments have a number of inherent limitations. One major
limitation is that NASADAD asked states to submit expenditure data
only for service providers that received at least some portion of
their funding from the state alcohol and drug agency during the
state's fiscal year. The data therefore do not include information
on providers that did not receive any funding from the state alcohol
and drug agency, such as private for-profit agencies. As a result,
the overall expenditure data submitted to NASADAD are conservative
and probably underestimate total funding expenditures by state
governments. Furthermore, state-reported expenditures are not
verified by NASADAD; instead, NASADAD asks that states confirm that
their data are correct.
For some states, complete information is not available on all sources
of funding, even for service providers supported by state alcohol and
drug agencies. In most of these instances, the amount of unavailable
information is probably small. In addition, there are concerns about
how consistently providers of treatment and prevention activities
classify those activities given the varying interpretations of what
constitutes "treatment" and "prevention." The data are also limited
by the variations in state fiscal years, raising questions about the
appropriateness of comparing expenditures across states.
DATA ON PRIVATE FUNDING OF
SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT AND
PREVENTION ARE SCARCE
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :5
Comprehensive data on private funding of substance abuse treatment
and prevention activities over time are sparse. The National Drug
and Alcoholism Treatment Unit Survey (NDATUS), which compiled private
contributions from various sources, focused on treatment only.\11
NDATUS data show that private funding for substance abuse treatment
services amounted to a little over $1 billion in 1993 (the latest
year for which data were available). The largest source of private
funding was third-party payments by health insurers and health
maintenance organizations (about 55 percent of total private
funding). Private donations, which included contributions from
foundations, accounted for about 7 percent. (See table 1.)
Table 1
Private Funding Sources for Substance
Abuse Treatment Services, 1993
Number of
Total funding treatment
(dollars in units
Private funding source thousands) reporting\
-------------------------- -------------- --------------
Private third-party $581,536 3,111
payments\a
Client fees\b 400,736 5,164
Private donations\c 73,198 1,775
==========================================================
Total $1,055,470 7,178\d
----------------------------------------------------------
\a Third-party payments include funds paid by insurers and health
maintenance organizations.
\b Client fees include direct payments made by clients to treatment
providers for client services.
\c Private donations include contributions from foundations.
\d Of the 11,496 treatment providers surveyed, 7,178 reported funding
from at least one of the three private sources; some providers
received funding from more than one private source.
Source: Office of Applied Studies, NDATUS (Washington, D.C.: HHS,
Public Health Service, SAMHSA, 1993).
Data on private donations from foundations show that the top 25
contributors awarded $39.4 million in grants for substance abuse
treatment and prevention programs during 1993 and 1994 (the latest
years for which grant data were available).\12 The grant amounts
ranged from $306,342 to about $18.5 million (see app. VIII). These
grants were provided to nonprofit organizations in the United States
and abroad to cover substance abuse treatment and prevention
programs, including counseling, education, residential care
facilities, halfway houses, support groups, family services,
community programs, and services for children of drug-dependent
parents. Grants were also awarded for medical research on substance
abuse and media projects on substance abuse prevention. Population
groups receiving the largest grant amounts were alcohol or drug
abusers, children and youths, women and girls, economically
disadvantaged individuals, offenders or ex-offenders, and minorities.
--------------------
\11 Sponsored by SAMHSA's Office of Applied Studies, NDATUS is a
census of substance abuse treatment units in the United States and
U.S. territories. Funding data are reported for a 12-month period.
\12 The Foundation Center, Grants for Alcohol and Drug Abuse (New
York: The Foundation Center, 1995-96).
PRIVATE DATA HAVE MAJOR
LIMITATIONS THAT AFFECT
THEIR USEFULNESS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :5.1
The private funding data we used had two significant limitations.
First, the latest available NDATUS data on private funding sources
were for substance abuse treatment only, and these data were for only
1 year--1993. Second, the response rates of treatment providers to
the NDATUS survey were low. The response rates were 21.1 percent for
third-party payments, 44.9 percent for client fees, and 15.4 percent
for private donations.
CONCLUSIONS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :6
Federal, state, county, and local governments and the private sector
all provide funding for substance abuse treatment and prevention
activities. The latest and best data available show that (1) the
federal government has been a major contributor of funds, providing
more than $4 billion in fiscal year 1994; (2) state and local
governments spent a little more than $1.5 billion in their 1994
fiscal years; and (3) private funding exceeded $1 billion in 1993.
According to the data we collected, the federal government increased
its support for treatment and prevention activities from fiscal year
1990 through the end of fiscal year 1994 by about 60 percent. Over
the same 5-year period, state, county, and local governments'
combined funding for treatment and prevention activities increased by
about 22 percent.
AGENCY COMMENTS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :7
In commenting on a draft of this report, ONDCP concurred with our
findings (see app. IX). NASADAD also commented on a draft of this
report and agreed with the manner in which we dealt with data it
provided on state, county, and local government expenditures.
However, NASADAD commented that the changes in state expenditure
levels we reported for the 1990 through 1994 time frame were
influenced by the time period we chose to review. NASADAD noted that
the fiscal year period 1985 through 1989 showed much higher increases
in state expenditures. (See app. X.)
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :7.1
We are sending copies of this report to the Secretary of Health and
Human Services; the Director of the Office of National Drug Control
Policy; the Director of the Office of Management and Budget; the
Executive Director of the National Association of State Alcohol and
Drug Abuse Directors, Inc.; appropriate congressional committees; and
other interested parties. We will also make copies available to
others on request.
If you or your staff have any questions about this report, please
call me at (202) 512-7119. Other major contributors to this report
include James O. McClyde, Assistant Director; Jared Hermalin; Roy
Hogberg; and Brenda James Towe.
Sarah F. Jaggar
Director, Health Services Quality and
Public Health Issues
SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
=========================================================== Appendix I
To determine the level of federal funding and what federal programs
exist for substance abuse treatment and prevention activities, we
used three data sources: (1) the Office of National Drug Control
Policy's (ONDCP) budget summaries from its National Drug Control
Strategies, (2) federal agencies' justifications of estimates for
appropriations committees, and (3) the 1995 Catalog of Federal
Domestic Assistance. We also interviewed ONDCP officials. Using the
ONDCP budget summaries as our primary data source, we identified
federal agencies that fund substance abuse treatment and prevention
services and obtained funding data and program descriptions starting
in fiscal year 1990. The latest ONDCP budget summary available at
the time of our analysis contained actual budget authority for fiscal
year 1994, budget estimates for fiscal year 1995, and budget requests
for fiscal year 1996.\13 We obtained additional funding data from the
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) because
information on its programs was either not included or not
specifically identified in ONDCP's budget summaries. The agencies'
justifications of estimates were of minimal use because, in most
cases, they did not identify substance abuse treatment and prevention
funding or provide a description of the programs. Where possible, we
compared the justifications with ONDCP's budget summaries. We
reviewed the 1995 Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance but made
only minimal use of its data to fill gaps in program descriptions.
Information on state, county, and local governments' spending
specifically for substance abuse treatment and prevention activities
was generated by the National Association of State Alcohol and Drug
Abuse Directors (NASADAD) from its computerized database. These data
covered state fiscal years from 1990 through 1994 and are based on
state-reported expenditures that are not verified by NASADAD.
Instead, NASADAD requests that states confirm that their annually
reported data are correct. We interviewed NASADAD officials and
obtained their views on the state-reported data.
To obtain information on private sector funding, we contacted the
Department of Health and Human Service's (HHS) Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) and numerous other
organizations. These groups included the National Association of
Addiction Treatment Providers, the Health Insurance Association of
America, the American Hospital Association, the National Association
of Public Hospitals, and the Center for Addiction and Substance Abuse
at Columbia University. However, only SAMHSA provided private
funding data for multiple sources. These data were collected in the
National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment Unit Survey (NDATUS) of
treatment providers and covered funding for treatment services in
1993--the latest year for which data were available. Published data
on the private foundations that provided the most funding in grants
to nonprofit organizations during 1993 and 1994 were obtained from
the Foundation Center. We did not identify any data sources with
comprehensive information on private funding of substance abuse
prevention activities.
We did not verify the federal, state, and private data. The funding
data we provide in this report have generally not been adjusted for
inflation. In some instances, we did adjust for inflation when
presenting changes in funding over time. We conducted our work from
February through August 1996 in accordance with generally accepted
government auditing standards.
--------------------
\13 ONDCP did not produce a budget summary for fiscal year 1993 that
would have contained actual fiscal year 1992 budget authority.
FEDERAL BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR
SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT AND
PREVENTION ACTIVITIES, FISCAL
YEARS 1990-94
========================================================== Appendix II
(Millions of dollars)
Percent
age
change
FY
FY 1990 FY 1991 FY 1993 FY 1994 1990-
Agency actual actual actual actual 94\a
------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
HHS $1,437. $1,918. $2,121. $2,222. 54.6
9 4 0 9
Administratio 0 106.3 88.9 89.8 \b,c
n for
Children and
Families
Centers for 25.2 29.3 31.2 36.6 \b
Disease
Control and
Prevention
Health Care 170.0 190.5 231.9 231.8 \b
Financing
Administrati
on
Health 0 0 20.9 33.4 \b,c
Resources
and Services
Administrati
on
Indian Health 32.8 35.3 44.9 43.3 \b
Service
National 0 0 404.2 425.2 \b,c
Institutes
of Health\d
SAMHSA 0 0 1,299.0 1,362.8 \b,c
Alcohol, Drug 1,168.4 1,557.0 0 0 \b,c
Abuse, and \e \f
Mental
Health
Administrati
on
Human 39.5 0 0 0 \b,c
Development
Services
Family 2.0 0 0 0 \b,c
Support
Administrati
on
Veterans 305.6 473.1 905.1 854.1 179.5
Affairs
Education 602.8 683.1 700.9\g 598.8\h -0.7
Housing and 106.5 150.0 175.0 315.0 195.8
Urban
Development
Justice 133.3 117.6 118.8 97.8 -26.6
Bureau of 8.0 10.7 21.1 21.6 \b
Prisons
Drug 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.9 \b
Enforcement
Administrati
on
Office of 123.1 104.7 95.8 73.3 \b
Justice
Programs
Labor 46.0 67.6 65.1 91.1 98.0
Defense 83.4 86.5 100.1 88.8 6.5
The Federal 0 34.6 40.7 63.0 \c
Judiciary
Corporation 0 0 9.7 28.2 \c
for National
Service
Social 0 0 0 18.8 \c
Security
Administrati
on
Agriculture 0 0 12.9 14.6 \c
Special 0 0 12.9 14.6 \b,c
Supplemental
Program for
Women,
Infants, and
Children
(WIC)
U.S. Forest 0 0 0 0 \b,c
Service
State 5.4 7.1 5.0 9.9 83.3
Agency for 5.4 7.1 0 0 \b,c
International
Development
Bureau of 0 0 5.0 9.9 \b,c
International
Narcotics
and Law
Enforcement
Transportatio 9.1 7.3 30.8 7.4 -18.7
n
Federal 9.1 7.3 7.8 7.4 \b
Aviation
Administrati
on
National 0 0 23.0 0 \b,c
Highway
Traffic
Safety
Administrati
on
Interior 3.0 4.2 5.0 5.7 90.0
Bureau of 2.2 3.1 3.6 4.1 \b
Indian
Affairs
Bureau of 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 \b
Land
Management
National Park 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 \b
Service
Office of 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.8 \b
Territorial
and
Internationa
l Affairs
Treasury 0 0 0 4.6 \c
U.S. Secret 0 0 0 4.6 \b,c
Service
Small 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 \c
Business
Administrati
on
ACTION 10.5 12.5 0 0 \c
U.S. Courts 31.9 0 0 0 \c
==========================================================
Total $2,775. $3,562. $4,290. $4,420. 59.3
4 1 3 9
==========================================================
Total in 1994 $3,127. $3,847. $3,975. $4,420. 41.3
dollars 9 1 5 9
----------------------------------------------------------
Note: ONDCP did not produce a budget summary for 1993 that would
have contained fiscal year 1992 actual budget authority.
\a Percentage changes are not adjusted for inflation.
\b Percentage changes are not presented for agencies' subunits.
\c Not applicable because there was no funding in 1 or more years.
\d All funding was used to sponsor treatment and prevention research.
\e Includes $285.8 million for treatment and prevention research.
\f Includes $336.3 million for treatment and prevention research.
\g Includes $1.5 million for treatment research.
\h Includes $1.5 million for treatment research.
Source: ONDCP, National Drug Control Strategy Budget Summaries
(Washington, D.C.: ONDCP, 1991, 1992, 1994, and 1995).
FEDERAL BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR
SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT AND
PREVENTION ACTIVITIES, FISCAL
YEARS 1995-97
========================================================= Appendix III
(Millions of dollars)
FY 95 FY 96 FY 97
Agency actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
==========================================================
HHS $2,276.4 $2,019.2 $2,300.7
Administration for 91.3 44.9 82.6
Children and Families
Centers for Disease 44.5 44.1 61.1
Control and
Prevention
Health Care Financing 252.2 290.0 320.0
Administration
Health Resources and 36.4 41.5 43.3
Services
Administration
Indian Health Service 42.8 42.8 42.8
National Institutes of 436.9 458.4 466.3
Health\a
SAMHSA 1,372.3 1,097.5 1,284.6
==========================================================
Veterans Affairs 966.5 1,009.1 1,056.0
==========================================================
Education 584.0\b 618.1\b 658.8\c
==========================================================
Housing and Urban 300.8 290.0 290.0
Development
==========================================================
Justice 121.4 150.0 160.0
Bureau of Prisons 22.2 23.9 25.2
Drug Enforcement 3.1 2.7 3.4
Administration
Office of Justice 96.1 123.4 131.4
Programs
==========================================================
Labor 60.0 60.9 60.9
==========================================================
Defense 89.2 85.2 83.2
==========================================================
The Federal Judiciary 67.8 72.3 80.7
==========================================================
Corporation for 25.6 32.9 38.5
National Service
==========================================================
Social Security 148.9 196.4 202.8
Administration
==========================================================
Agriculture 14.0 15.1 15.4
Special Supplemental 13.9 15.0 15.3
Program for Women,
Infants, and Children
(WIC)
U.S. Forest Service 0.1 0.1 0.1
==========================================================
Transportation 8.6 9.1 9.5
Federal Aviation 8.6 9.1 9.5
Administration
==========================================================
Interior 4.7 4.0 4.1
Bureau of Indian 3.2 3.2 3.2
Affairs
Bureau of Land 0.4 0.4 0.4
Management
National Park Service 0.3 0.3 0.4
Office of Insular 0.8 0.1 0.1
Affairs
==========================================================
Treasury 4.7 5.4 5.2
U.S. Secret Service 4.7 5.4 5.2
==========================================================
Small Business 0.1 0.1 0.1
Administration
==========================================================
Total $4,672.7 $4,567.8 $4,965.9
----------------------------------------------------------
Note: Although this appendix presents data from ONDCP's 1996 budget
summary, we did not use these data elsewhere in our report because
the budget summary was published after the data collection and
analysis phases of our work were completed.
\a All funding was used to sponsor treatment and prevention research.
\b Includes $1.9 million for treatment research.
\c Includes $800,000 for treatment research.
Source: ONDCP, National Drug Control Strategy, 1996: Program,
Resources, and Evaluation (Washington, D.C.: ONDCP, 1996).
FEDERAL SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT
AND PREVENTION PROGRAM FUNDING AND
DESCRIPTIONS
========================================================== Appendix IV
This appendix provides information on the substance abuse treatment
and prevention activities of various federal agencies. Included are
funding information and program and activity descriptions. Not
included are funding and program descriptions for agencies that
devoted less than $1 million to treatment and prevention activities
in fiscal year 1994. These agencies accounted for $1.8 million or
0.04 percent of total federal budget authority for that year. In
some cases table totals do not add because of rounding.
HHS
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1
ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDREN
AND FAMILIES
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix IV:1.1
Table IV.1
Administration for Children and Families
Budget Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention $57.5 $62.4 $72.7
Treatment 32.2 32.2 32.3
==========================================================
Total $89.8 $94.5 $104.8
----------------------------------------------------------
Table IV.2
Administration for Children and Families
Budget Authority by Program or Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Consolidated Runaway $14.6 $14.5 $14.5
and Homeless Youth
Youth Gang/Youth 10.6 10.5 10.5
Initiative
Abandoned Infants 14.5 14.4 14.4
Assistance
Emergency Protection/ 19.0 19.0 19.0
Community-Based
Resource Centers
Head Start 25.0 25.0 26.0
Temporary Child Care/ 6.0 5.9 5.9
Crisis Nurseries
Crime Control Act: \a 5.2 14.5
Community Schools
Youth Services and
Supervision Grant
Program (Title III)
----------------------------------------------------------
\a Program not in existence or program restructured into another
program.
CONSOLIDATED RUNAWAY AND
HOMELESS YOUTH
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1.1.1
The program's goal is to establish and operate local centers to
address the immediate needs of runaway and homeless youth and their
families, including temporary shelter, food, clothing, and
counseling. (Note: Program description is based on the 1995 Catalog
of Federal Domestic Assistance.)
YOUTH GANG/YOUTH
INITIATIVE
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1.1.2
This program aims to (1) prevent and reduce the participation of
youth in gangs that engage in illicit drug-related activities and to
prevent youth abuse of drugs; (2) help coordinate activities of local
police departments, education, employment, and social service
agencies; (3) provide information on the treatment and rehabilitation
options available to youth; (4) coordinate support between schools
and state and federal governments; and (5) provide technical
assistance to organizations. (Note: Program description is based on
the 1995 Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance.)
ABANDONED INFANTS
ASSISTANCE
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1.1.3
The program's goal is to prevent the abandonment of infants and young
children and to identify and address their needs. Of special concern
are those infants and young children who have been infected with the
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or who have been prenatally
exposed to the virus or a dangerous drug. (Note: Program
description is based on the 1995 Catalog of Federal Domestic
Assistance.)
EMERGENCY
PROTECTION/COMMUNITY-BASED
RESOURCE CENTERS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1.1.4
The Emergency Protection program was consolidated with the
Community-Based Resource Centers program in fiscal year 1995.
Together, they offer a range of child abuse and neglect prevention
activities, including services for children of substance-abusing
families.
HEAD START
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1.1.5
Substance abuse, along with illiteracy and unemployment, is a major
barrier to the self-sufficiency of Head Start families. Head Start
funds are used to provide substance abuse prevention and other
community-based services to parents and other family members of
children enrolled in Head Start as well as literacy and unemployment
services.
TEMPORARY CHILD
CARE/CRISIS NURSERIES
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1.1.6
The program's goals are to support, develop, and expand respite care
for infants and children, including those who are drug-exposed and
those who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or
AIDS-related conditions, and to support crisis nurseries for abused
and neglected children, including those from substance-abusing
families.
CRIME CONTROL ACT:
COMMUNITY SCHOOLS YOUTH
SERVICES AND SUPERVISION
GRANT PROGRAM (TITLE III)
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1.1.7
The program supports school-based, after-school programs in areas of
significant poverty and juvenile delinquency. Activities include
supervised sports; extracurricular and academic programs; and access
to health care services, including substance abuse prevention and
treatment.
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL
AND PREVENTION
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix IV:1.2
Table IV.3
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention Budget Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention $36.6 $44.5 $50.0
Treatment 0 0 0
==========================================================
Total $36.6 $44.5 $50.0
----------------------------------------------------------
Table IV.4
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention Budget Authority by Program
or Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
AIDS Drug Counseling $36.6 $44.5 $50.0
----------------------------------------------------------
Funds provide services for injecting drug users (IDU), including HIV
counseling, testing, referral, and partner notification services for
IDUs in drug treatment centers and other facilities, and health
education and risk reduction efforts directed at IDUs not in
treatment.
HEALTH CARE FINANCING
ADMINISTRATION
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix IV:1.3
Table IV.5
Health Care Financing Administration
Budget Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention 0 0 0
Treatment $231.8 $252.2 $290.0
==========================================================
Total $231.8 $252.2 $290.0
----------------------------------------------------------
Table IV.6
Health Care Financing Administration
Budget Authority by Program or Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Medicaid $181.8 $202.2 $230.0
Medicare 50.0 50.0 60.0
----------------------------------------------------------
MEDICAID
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1.3.1
The funds are used to provide drug abuse treatment for
Medicaid-eligible individuals. Medicaid drug treatment expenditures
are primarily for care received in hospitals and in specialized drug
treatment facilities.
MEDICARE
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1.3.2
Medicare funding pays for inpatient hospital treatment of episodes of
alcohol or drug abuse as well as some medical services in outpatient
settings for Medicare-eligible individuals.
HEALTH RESOURCES AND
SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix IV:1.4
Table IV.7
Health Resources and Services
Administration Budget Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention 0 0 0
Treatment $33.4 $36.4 $41.5
==========================================================
Total $33.4 $36.4 $41.5
----------------------------------------------------------
Table IV.8
Health Resources and Services
Administration Budget Authority by
Program or Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Ryan White CARE Act $33.4 $36.4 $41.5
(Drug Component)
----------------------------------------------------------
The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act
supports the provision of health care services (treatment and
counseling) for drug-addicted people with AIDS in substance abuse
treatment settings. Funds support state- and locally administered
programs that provide a network of health care and support services
for people living with HIV infection and AIDS, especially the
uninsured.
INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix IV:1.5
Table IV.9
Indian Health Service Budget Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention $4.3 $3.5 $3.7
Treatment 39.0 39.3 41.3
==========================================================
Total $43.3 $42.8 $45.0
----------------------------------------------------------
Note: Totals in the agency's justification of estimates, which vary
from those provided by ONDCP, are as follows: fiscal year 1994,
$87.6 million; fiscal year 1995, $91.4 million; and fiscal year 1996,
$96.0 million.
Table IV.10
Indian Health Service Budget Authority
by Program or Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Alcohol and Substance $43.3 $42.8 $45.0
Abuse Program
----------------------------------------------------------
The program funds such activities as adolescent regional treatment
centers, community rehabilitation and aftercare, training and
community education, health promotion and disease prevention, the
Navajo rehabilitation program, urban programs, contract health
services, and the construction of regional treatment centers.
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF
HEALTH (NIH)
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix IV:1.6
Table IV.11
NIH Budget Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention Research $174.8 $179.0 $185.5
Treatment Research 250.4 258.7 266.8
==========================================================
Total $425.2 $437.7 $452.3
----------------------------------------------------------
Table IV.12
NIH Budget Authority by Program or
Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Basic Biomedical $78.5 $83.9 $86.8
Neuro-Behavioral 63.6 69.8 73.0
Prevention-Specific 60.0 61.4 63.6
Treatment-Specific 128.1 133.2 137.4
Epidemiology 32.9 34.1 34.8
Training 7.9 0 0
Intramural 24.0 24.7 25.5
Resource Management 30.1 30.6 31.3
and Support
----------------------------------------------------------
BASIC BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1.6.1
Biomedical research is used to better understand the addiction
process, specifically the mechanisms by which cellular structure
affects the function of neurotransmitter receptors and other
proteins. Studies can now focus on the precise means by which
specific drug receptors are regulated, with implications for
discerning possible genetic predispositions to addiction and
individual differences in response to treatment.
NEURO-BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1.6.2
Brain imaging studies make it possible to assess cognitive
functioning, feelings of euphoria/dysphoria, and levels of drug
craving. Expanding these efforts will aid the development of
effective drug abuse medications as well as prophylactic measures for
combating and preventing drug abuse. Imaging techniques are
promising as diagnostic tools for identifying individuals at high
risk for drug abuse and for targeting specific treatment strategies.
PREVENTION-SPECIFIC
RESEARCH
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1.6.3
The National Institute on Drug Abuse's (NIDA) prevention initiatives
focus on at-risk youth groups, such as runaways, school dropouts,
adolescents showing psychiatric disturbance, unmarried pregnant
women, parenting youth, juvenile delinquents, and individuals in the
sex trade. Research will continue on the biological and
developmental vulnerability to drug addiction, including such studies
as the role of genetic factors, the impact of the environment on drug
abuse vulnerability, and the impact of behavioral and psychological
factors that increase or decrease the likelihood of addiction. Drug
treatment is an important avenue for preventing the spread of
HIV/AIDS. Outreach activities that bring addicts into treatment and
encourage HIV/AIDS risk reduction behavior among those who do not
enter treatment will continue.
TREATMENT-SPECIFIC
RESEARCH
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1.6.4
NIDA is continuing to expand its program of controlled testing of
promising psychobehavioral therapies. Therapies shown to be most
efficacious under ideal conditions will then be tested in community
settings. Research will also focus on how best to target services to
the needs of special populations, including those in underserved
geographic areas. Support will continue for studies of special
clinical problems presented by drug abusers with infectious diseases.
In addition to synthesizing and testing novel medications for
treating cocaine dependence, the medications development program will
support a basic research effort to improve understanding of the
molecular features of other drug receptors.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1.6.5
NIDA is continuing to support research on the incidence, prevalence,
and adverse consequences of illicit drug use. Community-based
epidemiologic and ethnographic research is intended to reach youth
and other high-risk groups for whom prevention can yield the greatest
benefits.
TRAINING, INTRAMURAL, AND
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND
SUPPORT
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1.6.6
No information was provided in the ONDCP 1995 budget summary.
SPECIFIC INFORMATION ON
NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON
ALCOHOL ABUSE AND
ALCOHOLISM AND NATIONAL
INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1.6.7
ONDCP budget summaries do not include funds for alcohol-only
programs. Therefore, the alcohol-only programs of NIAAA are not
captured in table IV.11. NIDA and NIAAA provided the specific
information in table IV.13.
Table IV.13
NIDA and NIAAA Budget Authority
Specifics
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual actual request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
National Institute on Drug Abuse
----------------------------------------------------------
Prevention Research \a $91.2 $96.5
Treatment Research \a 198.4 208.6
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
----------------------------------------------------------
Prevention Research $35.0 36.4 37.8
Treatment Research 33.0 28.5 30.1
----------------------------------------------------------
\a Data were not readily available given the short time frame.
SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND MENTAL
HEALTH SERVICES
ADMINISTRATION (SAMHSA)
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix IV:1.7
Table IV.14
SAMHSA Budget Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention $435.6 $430.5 $415.7
Treatment 927.2 942.3 990.0
==========================================================
Total $1,362.8 $1,372.8 $1,405.7
----------------------------------------------------------
Note: Totals in the agency's justification of estimates, which vary
from those provided by ONDCP, are as follows: fiscal year 1994
actual, $1,670.8 million; fiscal year 1995 estimate, $1,695.1
million; and fiscal year 1996 request, $1,746.8 million. The
differences could be attributed, at least in part, to ONDCP's
decision not to account for alcohol-only programs.
Table IV.15
SAMHSA Budget Authority by Program or
Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request\a
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Center for Substance Abuse Prevention
----------------------------------------------------------
High Risk Youth $63.3 $66.8 \a
Pregnant and 43.4 20.9 \a
Postpartum Women and
Infants
Community Prevention 114.7 114.7 \a
(Partnership)
Public Education and 10.8 13.5 \a
Dissemination
Training 14.5 16.0 \a
Other Demonstrations 6.6 6.6 \a
==========================================================
CSAP total $253.5 $238.6 \a
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment
----------------------------------------------------------
Crisis Areas/Target $34.8 $35.5 \a
Cities
Treatment Improvement
----------------------------------------------------------
Pregnant/Postpartum 54.2 64.2 \a
Women
Critical Populations 43.7 23.6 \a
Criminal Justice 34.0 37.5 \a
Treatment Campus 4.1 \b \a
Comprehensive 27.5 31.3 \a
Community Treatment
Program
Training 5.4 5.6 \a
AIDS Demonstrations, 21.2 18.0 \a
Training, and
Outreach
Substance Abuse Block 834.3 877.1 \a
Grant
Treatment Capacity 15.3 6.7 \a
Expansion Program
==========================================================
CSAT total $1,074.6 $1,099.5 \a
==========================================================
Program Management $34.7 $34.7 $33.2
----------------------------------------------------------
\a In fiscal year 1996, SAMHSA's current prevention and treatment
demonstrations were to have been combined to form the SAMHSA
Consolidated Substance Abuse Demonstration and Training Cluster.
\b Program not in existence or program restructured into another
program.
Table IV.16
SAMHSA Consolidated Substance Abuse
Demonstration and Training Cluster
Budget Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Substance Abuse \a \a $919.8
Performance
Partnership
Substance Abuse \a \a 452.8
Training and
Demonstration
----------------------------------------------------------
\a Program not in existence.
CENTER FOR SUBSTANCE
ABUSE PREVENTION (CSAP)
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1.7.1
High Risk Youth: The program provides funding to public and
nonprofit private entities to demonstrate and evaluate comprehensive
strategies to prevent and reduce the use of alcohol, tobacco, and
other drugs among youth at high risk for such behavior. Components
of the High Risk Youth program include the projects that demonstrate
and evaluate comprehensive strategies to prevent substance
abuse-related violence among or affecting youth aged 6 through 14 and
specifically tailored to the prevention needs of adolescent females.
Pregnant and Postpartum Women and Infants: This demonstration
program targets the substance abuse problems of pregnant and
postpartum women and infants. It is intended to develop innovative,
community-based models for the coordination of service systems that
link health promotion and treatment services for substance-using
pregnant women and their young children.
Community Prevention (Partnership): These demonstrations are
designed to assist communities in developing comprehensive,
coordinated prevention initiatives, including the formation of public
and private sector partnerships that are responsive to local, state,
and multistate needs. The demonstrations support communitywide,
locally identified programs and empower communities to solve their
alcohol and other drug problems. Community Partnership grants are
awarded to communities for establishing coalitions of organizations
(parents, schools, academia, business, industry, government, and
professionals) to plan and implement comprehensive prevention
efforts.
Public Education and Dissemination: The program provides alcohol and
other drug information and training to providers and individuals in
schools, workplaces, and communities. Public education initiatives
serve a special need both by involving the public and by building and
maintaining support for prevention. The National Clearinghouse for
Alcohol and Drug Information is CSAP's primary dissemination channel.
Training: Community prevention training programs provide specialized
skills and strategies to Partnership grantees, other prevention
coalitions and communities, and state and territorial and Native
American tribal agencies working to reduce alcohol and other drug
problems. Community resource building, violence prevention, and
cultural diversity serve as the primary focus for these training
programs. Medical education grants provide appropriate clinical
prevention training for health professionals in advanced degree
training programs.
Other Demonstrations: These demonstration programs were not clearly
defined in the source documents.
CENTER FOR SUBSTANCE
ABUSE TREATMENT (CSAT)
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:1.7.2
Crisis Areas/Target Cities: A series of intergovernmental
cooperative agreements has been designed to improve treatment systems
in metropolitan areas. The agreements also link and integrate
alcohol and other drug services with disease prevention, primary
health, mental health, labor, education, and the justice systems.
Through the establishment of central intake, assessment, and referral
systems, this initiative facilitates better matching of patients to
treatment and more rapid referral to treatment services.
Treatment Improvement:
Pregnant/Postpartum Women: Comprehensive treatment services in
residential settings permit infants and children to live with their
substance-using mothers. Components of these programs include
assessment, crisis stabilization, substance abuse treatment,
treatment for children perinatally exposed to alcohol and other
drugs, primary health care, prenatal and postnatal health care, and
education and counseling related to AIDS and other sexually
transmitted diseases. These programs also address domestic violence;
sexual abuse; psychological, legal, and employment issues; and
parenting skills.
Critical Populations: These treatment initiatives target outpatient
treatment services for a variety of populations, including women and
children in or at risk of being in the child welfare system,
adolescents, racial and ethnic minorities, and people in rural areas.
These initiatives improve physical, emotional, and social
functioning; increase educational levels and vocational development;
and reduce relapse rates.
Criminal Justice: The program supports and evaluates demonstration
projects that offer a wide range of diversion-to-treatment concepts
and treatment for high-risk probation and parole clients. Innovative
projects involve intensive day treatment centers and case
management/supervision models. Under these models, links are
developed to family and critical community resources, including
education and job placement, mental health services, and housing and
related social services.
Treatment Campus: Two campus projects, one in Secaucus, New Jersey,
and the other in Houston, Texas, provide a range of state-of-the-art
treatment methods and associated social services in settings where
several treatment providers share central intake, recreational, and
commissary facilities. This demonstration model allows for the
comparison and evaluation of alternative approaches to treatment.
Comprehensive Community Treatment Program: The program supports a
wide array of substance abuse treatment initiatives designed to
improve the effectiveness and comprehensiveness of treatment
services. The Rural, Remote, and Culturally Distinct Populations
initiative supports substance abuse and/or dependence intervention,
treatment, and recovery services for individuals with culturally
distinct characteristics. Other initiatives support collaborations
with agencies to deliver health care and substance abuse treatment
services in rural areas; support substance abuse treatment at four
Job Corps Centers across the country; fund projects to develop a
manual on a specific clinical intervention for treating homeless
individuals with co-occurring mental health and substance abuse
disorders; and fund the Models of Managed Care for Supplemental
Security Income Beneficiaries program.
Training: The program provides funds for Addiction Training Centers
to develop and maintain a network responsible for cultivating and
training a cadre of health and allied health practitioners devoted to
addiction treatment and recovery. It allows coordination among
universities, state and local government programs, and the nonprofit
addiction treatment field.
AIDS Demonstrations, Training, and Outreach: The AIDS Health Care
Worker Training initiative focuses on the relationships among
substance abuse, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and sexually transmitted
diseases in an effort to develop knowledge about and competency-based
training in the provision of treatment services. Collaborations with
the Health Resources and Services Administration support an AIDS
Linkage demonstration designed to strengthen the links among and
integration of the primary health care, alcohol, substance abuse,
HIV/AIDS, and mental health treatment systems. This initiative
supports activities to create comprehensive, community-based model
programs to better serve the needs of distinct populations (injecting
drug users; other high-risk substance abusers; their sexual partners;
and, particularly, substance abusers who are members of critical
populations). AIDS Outreach Demonstrations support outreach and
appropriate service links for the target populations.
Substance Abuse Block Grant: The President's proposed fiscal year
1996 budget restructures the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment
Block Grant into the Substance Abuse Performance Partnership. The
proposed legislation assumes maintenance of key requirements,
earmarks, and set-asides from the old law.
Treatment Capacity Expansion Program: Before this program expired in
fiscal year 1995, its function, in part, was to expand the capacity
of treatment programs.
DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS
(VA)
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:2
Table IV.17
VA Budget Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention $0.3 $0.8 $0.8
Treatment 853.8 886.6 928.6
==========================================================
Total $854.1 $887.4 $929.4
----------------------------------------------------------
Note: VA's justification of estimates identified obligations for
fiscal year 1994 as $551.4 million, for fiscal year 1995 as $563.3
million, and for fiscal year 1996 as $586.5 million. The budget
justification did not identify these amounts as actual or estimated.
Table IV.18
VA Budget Authority by Program or
Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Substance Abuse $854.1 $887.4 $929.5
Treatment Program
----------------------------------------------------------
Through the Veterans Health Administration, VA operates a network of
substance abuse treatment programs in its medical centers,
domiciliaries, and outpatient clinics.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:3
Table IV.19
Department of Education Budget Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention $490.6 $487.8 $510.0
Treatment 108.2 117.4 117.7
==========================================================
Total $598.8 $605.2 $627.7
----------------------------------------------------------
Table IV.20
Department of Education Budget Authority
by Program or Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Office of Elementary and Secondary Education
----------------------------------------------------------
Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act
----------------------------------------------------------
State Grants $369.5 \a \a
School Personnel 13.6 \a \a
Training Grants
National Programs 59.5 \a \a
(including regional
centers)
Emergency Grants 24.6 \a \a
Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act
----------------------------------------------------------
State Grants \a 457.0 465.0
National Programs \a 25.0 35.0
Safe Schools Act 20.0 0 \b
Crime Control Act
----------------------------------------------------------
Family and Community \b 2.2 6.2
Endeavor Schools
(FACES)
Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services,
Rehabilitative Services Admi
----------------------------------------------------------
Vocational 79.0 82.2 84.8
Rehabilitation State
Grants
Special Demonstrations 1.3 1.3 0
Office of Special Education Programs
----------------------------------------------------------
Grants for Infants and 25.3 31.6 31.6
Families
Special Education 2.1 1.8 1.2
Special Purpose Funds
National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation
Research
----------------------------------------------------------
Rehabilitation 0.4 0.4 0.4
Research Training
Centers and other
programs
Program Administration
----------------------------------------------------------
Administration 3.6 3.8 4.0
----------------------------------------------------------
\a The Drug-Free School and Communities Act expired at the end of
fiscal year 1994; its authorization was extended under the Safe and
Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act.
\b Program not in existence or program restructured into another
program.
OFFICE OF ELEMENTARY AND
SECONDARY EDUCATION
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix IV:3.1
DRUG-FREE SCHOOLS AND
COMMUNITIES ACT/SAFE AND
DRUG-FREE SCHOOLS AND
COMMUNITIES ACT
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:3.1.1
The Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act extends the
authorization for the Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act (which
expired on Sept. 30, 1994) and broadens it to include activities to
prevent violence as well as drug and alcohol use by youth. In 1994,
the funds were used exclusively for alcohol, tobacco, and other
drug-related prevention activities.
SAFE SCHOOLS ACT
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:3.1.2
In 1994, 90 percent of these funds were used to support grants to
local educational agencies (LEA) with serious school crime, violence,
and discipline problems. The projects are designed to combat those
problems and thereby enhance school safety and promote better access
to learning. The remaining funds were divided equally between
national leadership activities and support for a national model city
program in the District of Columbia, as authorized by the
legislation. (Funding for this program is included in the national
drug control budget because activities supported with these funds
will have an impact on drug prevention as well as on violence
prevention.)
CRIME CONTROL ACT
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:3.1.3
Family and Community Endeavor Schools (FACES), a subset of the Crime
Control Act, supports grants to LEAs and community-based
organizations in high-poverty and high-crime areas for programs of
integrated services to improve the academic and social development of
at-risk students. (Funding for this program is included in the
national drug control budget because activities supported with these
funds will have an impact on drug prevention as well as on violence
prevention.)
OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION
AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES,
REHABILITATIVE SERVICES
ADMINISTRATION
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix IV:3.2
VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION
STATE GRANTS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:3.2.1
This state grant program supports a wide range of services for
individuals with disabilities, including those whose disabling
condition is due to drug abuse, to prepare for and engage in gainful
employment. Funds are allocated to states and territories on the
basis of their population and per capita income. People with
disabilities that result in a substantial impediment are eligible for
assistance. Funds also support special demonstration programs that
develop innovative methods and comprehensive service programs to help
people with disabilities achieve satisfactory vocational outcomes.
SPECIAL DEMONSTRATIONS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:3.2.2
Special demonstration programs develop innovative methods and
comprehensive service programs to help people with disabilities
achieve satisfactory vocational outcomes. The program awards
discretionary grants to states, agencies, and organizations to pay
all or part of the costs of demonstrations, direct services, and
related activities.
OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION
PROGRAMS
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix IV:3.3
GRANTS FOR INFANTS AND
FAMILIES
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:3.3.1
This state grant program supports development and implementation of
statewide systems of early intervention for children up to 2 years
old with disabilities. No specific information related to drug abuse
intervention was provided in the ONDCP 1995 budget summary.
SPECIAL EDUCATION SPECIAL
PURPOSE FUNDS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:3.3.2
These funds support grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements
with public agencies; private nonprofit organizations; and, in some
cases, for-profit organizations. Activities include research,
demonstrations, outreach, training, and technical assistance. No
specific information related to drug abuse intervention was provided
in the ONDCP 1995 budget summary.
NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON
DISABILITY AND
REHABILITATION RESEARCH
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix IV:3.4
REHABILITATIVE RESEARCH
TRAINING CENTERS AND
OTHER PROGRAMS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:3.4.1
Through various discretionary programs, the Institute supports
research, demonstrations, and dissemination activities on issues
relating to people of all ages with disabilities. No specific
information related to drug abuse was provided in the ONDCP 1995
budget summary.
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix IV:3.5
Program administration maintains Department of Education staff to
administer programs with substance abuse treatment and prevention
components.
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN
DEVELOPMENT (HUD)
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:4
Table IV.21
HUD Budget Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention $290.0 $295.4 $290.3
Treatment 25.0 5.4 \a
==========================================================
Total $315.0 $300.8 $290.3
----------------------------------------------------------
\a Program not in existence or program restructured into another
program.
Table IV.22
HUD Budget Authority by Program or
Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Drug Elimination $265.0 $290.0 $290.0
Grants/Community
Partnership Against
Crime
Empowerment Zones and 50.0 10.8 \a
Enterprise
Communities
Crime Control Act \a \a 0.3
(Local Partnership
Act)
----------------------------------------------------------
\a Program not in existence or program restructured into another
program.
DRUG ELIMINATION
GRANTS/COMMUNITY
PARTNERSHIP AGAINST CRIME
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:4.0.1
Through this program, HUD provides grants to public housing
authorities and Indian housing agencies to fight drug problems in
their communities. Drug problems are addressed through a
comprehensive approach involving enforcement, prevention, and
treatment. The grants focus on many areas, including community
policing, youth training, recreation, career planning, employment,
substance abuse education and prevention; resident services, such as
drug treatment or other appropriate social services that address the
contributing factors of crime; and clearinghouse services, assessment
and evaluation, and technical assistance and training.
EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND
ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:4.0.2
Funds support programs to empower people and communities to work
together to create jobs and opportunity. HUD applies four principles
in making the Empowerment Zone and Enterprise Community designations:
(1) economic opportunity, (2) sustainable community development, (3)
community-based partnerships, and (4) strategic vision for change.
CRIME CONTROL ACT (LOCAL
PARTNERSHIP ACT)
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:4.0.3
No details were provided for this program in the ONDCP 1995 budget
summary.
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:5
BUREAU OF PRISONS
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix IV:5.1
Table IV.23
Bureau of Prisons Budget Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention 0 0 0
Treatment $21.6 $22.2 $23.9
==========================================================
Total $21.6 $22.2 $23.9
----------------------------------------------------------
Table IV.24
Bureau of Prisons Budget Authority by
Program or Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Drug abuse treatment $21.6 $22.2 $23.9
----------------------------------------------------------
The Bureau has a comprehensive drug abuse treatment strategy with
four components: drug abuse education, nonresidential drug abuse
counseling services, residential drug abuse program, and
community-transitional services programming. An estimated 30.5
percent of the sentenced inmate population is drug dependent and
requires some type of drug abuse treatment program.
DRUG ENFORCEMENT
ADMINISTRATION
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix IV:5.2
Table IV.25
Drug Enforcement Administration Budget
Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention $2.9 $3.2 $3.1
Treatment 0 0 0
==========================================================
Total $2.9 $3.2 $3.1
----------------------------------------------------------
Neither the ONDCP budget summary nor the agency's justification of
estimates identified the prevention components.
OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix IV:5.3
Table IV.26
Office of Justice Programs Budget
Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention $33.6 $81.9 $48.4
Treatment 39.7 78.8 70.6
==========================================================
Total $73.3 $160.7 $119.0
----------------------------------------------------------
Table IV.27
Office of Justice Programs Budget
Authority by Program or Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Bureau of Justice $73.3 $160.7 $119.0
Assistance, Bureau of
Justice Statistics,
National Institute of
Justice, and Office
of Juvenile Justice
and Delinquency
Prevention
----------------------------------------------------------
BUREAU OF JUSTICE
ASSISTANCE
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:5.3.1
Through formula grant funds, the Bureau provides financial and
technical assistance to state and local governments to control drug
abuse and violent crime and improve the criminal justice system.
States are required to prepare statewide antidrug and violent crime
strategies. The Bureau also supports national and multistate
programs such as the National Crime Prevention Campaign (McGruff the
Crime Dog).
BUREAU OF JUSTICE
STATISTICS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:5.3.2
The Bureau produces and disseminates drug-related data, including
data on drug-use history of criminal offenders; offenders under the
influence of alcohol or drugs; drug prosecution and sentencing of
drug law violators; case processing of drug offenses; drug
availability, prevention, and education classes in schools; drug and
alcohol rehabilitation programs in the correctional community; and
the relationship of drugs and crime. The Bureau also supports the
Drugs and Crime Data Center and Clearinghouse, which provides a
centralized source of information on drugs and crime.
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
JUSTICE
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:5.3.3
The Institute is the primary federal sponsor of research on crime and
its control and is a central resource for information on innovative
approaches in criminal justice. As mandated by the Anti-Drug Abuse
Act of 1988, the Institute sponsors and conducts research, evaluates
policies and practices, demonstrates promising new approaches,
provides training and technical assistance, assesses new technology
for criminal justice, and disseminates its findings to state and
local practitioners and policymakers.
OFFICE OF JUVENILE
JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY
PREVENTION
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:5.3.4
This agency has primary responsibility for addressing the needs of
the juvenile justice system. Its goal is to aid in the prevention,
reduction, and treatment of juvenile crime and delinquency and to
improve the administration of juvenile justice by providing financial
and technical support to state and local governments, public and
private agencies, organizations, and institutions.
COMMUNITY POLICING
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix IV:5.4
Table IV.28
Community Policing Budget Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention \a $182.0 $314.0
Treatment 0 0 0
==========================================================
Total 0 $182.0 $314.0
----------------------------------------------------------
\a Program not in existence or program restructured into another
program.
Table IV.29
Community Policing Budget Authority by
Program or Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Community Policing \a $182.0 $314.0
----------------------------------------------------------
\a Program not in existence or program restructured into another
program.
The program serves as a vehicle for the administration's strategy to
fight violent crime by increasing the number of state and local
police officers; promoting the use of community policing techniques;
and implementing police hiring, education, and training programs.
The program primarily awards grants to state and local law
enforcement agencies, state and local governments, and community
groups to achieve its goals.
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:6
Table IV.30
Department of Labor Budget Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention $91.1 $93.5 $80.4
Treatment 0 0 0
==========================================================
Total $91.1 $93.5 $80.4
----------------------------------------------------------
Table IV.31
Department of Labor Budget Authority by
Program or Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Employment and $88.9 $91.4 $78.3
Training
Administration (Job
Training Program)
Departmental 2.1 2.1 2.1
management
----------------------------------------------------------
EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING
ADMINISTRATION
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:6.0.1
The Department of Labor's Employment and Training Administration
administers job training programs, not substance abuse programs. The
Administration believes that the positive results of its programs, in
terms of enabling participants to acquire new skills and enhance
employment ability, contribute to reducing the risk factors
associated with substance abuse.
The Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA), 29 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.,
requires individual assessments for each program participant;
specifically encourages outreach activities for individuals who face
severe barriers to employment, such as drug and alcohol abuse; and
sets as program goals coordination of JTPA programs with other
community service organizations, such as drug and alcohol abuse
prevention and treatment programs. JTPA also authorizes the Job
Corps Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse component to screen trainees for
drug and alcohol problems and provide prevention and intervention
services.
DEPARTMENTAL MANAGEMENT
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:6.0.2
This program provides information on workplace substance abuse
through continued development and operation of the Substance Abuse
Information Database; data collection on the impact of substance
abuse on productivity, safety, and health; support for the Substance
Abuse Institute at the George Meany Center for Labor Studies; funding
of the workplace model in the fiscal year 1996 Household Survey; and
continued work with employer and employee groups to raise awareness
of the problems of workplace substance abuse and what can be done to
most effectively address those problems.
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:7
Table IV.32
Department of Defense Budget Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention $82.4 $88.4 $90.4
Treatment 6.2 6.7 6.8
==========================================================
Total $88.6 $95.1 $97.2
----------------------------------------------------------
Table IV.33
Department of Defense Budget Authority
by Program or Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Demand reduction $88.8 $96.0 $97.8
----------------------------------------------------------
The Department of Defense's counterdrug strategy has among its
objectives to reduce the demand for illegal drugs within the
Department and its surrounding communities. The demand reduction
program supports a counterdrug strategy of early drug abuse
identification through testing and treatment of drug abusers and
outreach programs for at-risk youth through the military departments
and the National Guard Bureau. For community outreach pilot
programs, congressional authorization is required to permit
counterdrug funds to be spent on programs targeting youth outside the
traditional Department community boundaries.
THE FEDERAL JUDICIARY
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:8
Table IV.34
The Federal Judiciary Budget Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention 0 0 0
Treatment $63.0 $70.4 $82.8
==========================================================
Total $63.0 $70.4 $82.8
----------------------------------------------------------
Table IV.35
The Federal Judiciary Budget Authority
by Program or Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Drug treatment under $63.0 $70.4 $82.8
U.S. court
supervision
----------------------------------------------------------
The U.S. Courts operate the Substance Abuse Treatment Program.
Offenders in this program are referred by the Judiciary and the
Bureau of Prisons. The basic goal of the program is to identify and
treat substance abusers who are under the supervision of the U.S.
Probation Office. The program tries to protect the community by
helping these offenders stop their substance abuse.
CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL
SERVICE
-------------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:9
Table IV.36
Corporation for National Service Budget
Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention $28.2 $39.4 $53.9
Treatment 0 0 0
==========================================================
Total $28.2 $39.4 $53.9
----------------------------------------------------------
Table IV.37
Corporation for National Service Budget
Authority by Program or Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Domestic Volunteer $9.9 $10.7 $13.0
Service Act
activities
National and Community 18.3 28.8 40.9
Service Act
activities
----------------------------------------------------------
The Corporation for National Service administers programs that
address the nation's education, human service, public safety, and
environmental needs through the activities of volunteers and that
expand the involvement of volunteers in responding to a wide range of
community needs, including drug abuse prevention, by reaching
high-risk youth and the communities in which they live.
SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:10
Table IV.38
Social Security Administration Budget
Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention 0 0 0
Treatment $18.8 $157.9 $202.4
==========================================================
Total $18.8 $157.9 $202.4
----------------------------------------------------------
Table IV.39
Social Security Administration Budget
Authority by Program or Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Referral and $18.8 $109.0 $148.0
monitoring (Title
XVI)
Demonstration projects \a 10.0 \a
(Title XVI)
Disability Insurance \a 38.9 54.4
Trust Fund (Title II)
----------------------------------------------------------
\a Program not in existence or program restructured into another
program.
The Social Security Administration has placed restrictions on
Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income benefits
payments to individuals disabled by drug addiction or alcoholism and
has established barriers to prevent a beneficiary from using benefits
to support an addiction. In some cases, the Administration imposes
treatment requirements on Disability Insurance beneficiaries and
establishes referral and monitoring agreements in all states.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:11
FOOD AND CONSUMER SERVICES
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:11.1
Table IV.40
Food and Consumer Services Budget
Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention $14.6 $13.9 $15.4
Treatment 0 0 0
==========================================================
Total $14.6 $13.9 $15.4
----------------------------------------------------------
Table IV.41
Food and Consumer Services Budget
Authority by Program or Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Special Supplemental $14.6 $13.9 $15.4
Program for Women,
Infants, and Children
(WIC)
----------------------------------------------------------
WIC provides nutritious supplemental foods to low-income pregnant,
postpartum, and breastfeeding women and to infants and children
younger than age 5 who are determined by professionals such as
physicians, nurses, and nutritionists to be at nutritional risk.
Funds flow through participating state agencies to local agencies,
which provide supplemental foods to WIC participants along with
nutrition education, breastfeeding promotion, and health care
referrals. As part of nutrition education, WIC counsels participants
about the dangers of substance abuse, including smoking during
pregnancy. When appropriate, participants are referred to drug abuse
counseling.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:12
BUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL
NARCOTICS AND LAW
ENFORCEMENT AFFAIRS
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:12.1
Table IV.42
Bureau of International Narcotics and
Law Enforcement Affairs Budget Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention $9.9 0 0
Treatment 0 0 0
==========================================================
Total $9.9 0 0
----------------------------------------------------------
The ONDCP budget summary and the budget justification do not identify
specific prevention program or activity dollars.
The Bureau develops, implements, and monitors U.S. international
counternarcotics strategies and programs. The Bureau's functions
also include foreign policy formation and coordination, program
management, and diplomatic initiatives.
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:13
FEDERAL AVIATION
ADMINISTRATION
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:13.1
Table IV.43
Federal Aviation Administration Budget
Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention $7.4 $8.9 $9.2
Treatment 0 0 0
==========================================================
Total $7.4 $8.9 $9.2
----------------------------------------------------------
Neither ONDCP nor the agency's justification of estimates identifies
specific prevention components by budget expenditure. However,
prevention descriptions are identified within the following FAA
program listings.
OPERATIONS
--------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:13.1.1
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) provides regulatory
oversight of the drug and alcohol misuse prevention programs
administered by approximately 5,000 aviation industry entities and
individual commercial operators. FAA also conducts random drug
testing of employees who are designated to be in critical safety
positions; reregisters aircraft and conducts periodic renewal of
pilot certificates; provides investigative support to all federal,
state, and local law enforcement agencies involved in drug
enforcement actions; and develops and correlates flight plans and
transponder codes to enhance communications between air route traffic
control centers and U.S. Customs/Coast Guard facilities. This
process assists in identifying airborne drug smugglers by using
radar, posting aircraft lookouts, and tracking the movement of
suspect aircraft.
RESEARCH, ENGINEERING,
AND DEVELOPMENT
--------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:13.1.2
This funding category supports the postmortem analysis of tissues and
fluids from people involved in transportation accidents and incidents
and assesses the effects of drugs on the performance of pilot and
controller tasks.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:14
BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:14.1
Table IV.44
Bureau of Indian Affairs Budget
Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention $4.1 $3.2 $3.2
Treatment 0 0 0
==========================================================
Total $4.1 $3.2 $3.2
----------------------------------------------------------
The ONDCP budget summary and the budget justification do not identify
specific prevention program or activity dollars. However, prevention
activities are identified within the following Bureau programs:
OFFICE OF ALCOHOL AND
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
PREVENTION
--------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:14.1.1
The office coordinates substance abuse services among rehabilitation
centers, emergency shelters, juvenile detention facilities, and
community-based prevention and intervention programs.
EDUCATION
--------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:14.1.2
Each Bureau school has a substance abuse prevention program. The
schools are allowed flexibility to design the most effective
curriculum and counseling services to meet the needs of students.
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:15
U.S. SECRET SERVICE
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix IV:15.1
Table IV.45
U.S. Secret Service Budget Authority
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Function actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Prevention $4.6 $4.7 $6.6
Treatment 0 0 0
==========================================================
Total $4.6 $4.7 $6.6
----------------------------------------------------------
Table IV.46
U.S. Secret Service Budget Authority
Program or Activity
(Millions of dollars)
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996
Program or activity actual estimate request
---------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Administration $4.6 $4.7 $6.6
----------------------------------------------------------
The U.S. Secret Service considers a portion of its costs for
full-time-
equivalent employees' pay, benefits, and support to be attributable
to drug enforcement activities. These activities include criminal
investigations, task force involvement, employee and applicant drug
testing, and protection involved in other drug-related activities.
CHANGE IN STATE, COUNTY, AND LOCAL
SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT AND
PREVENTION EXPENDITURES BY STATE,
FISCAL YEARS 1990-94
=========================================================== Appendix V
Percentage
change FY
State FY 1990 FY 1991 FY 1992 FY 1993 FY 1994 1990-94\a
--------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Alabama $6,015,962 $3,198,355 $3,692,995 $3,663,113 $4,063,707 -32
Alaska 16,570,035 16,164,265 23,752,975 20,580,391 20,406,824 23
Arizona 12,507,395 13,079,377 14,728,976 15,598,434 14,413,557 15
Arkansas 2,597,138 3,339,927 3,395,226 3,292,059 4,807,185 85
California 94,873,676 85,757,118 95,009,024 102,137,050 113,051,430 19
Colorado 16,989,173 17,758,971 17,194,534 16,677,795 13,955,399 -18
Connecticut 38,673,686 39,277,060 38,836,198 39,934,097 41,540,112 7
Delaware 4,010,051 3,249,548 3,532,478 3,553,440 3,716,925 -7
District of 29,989,600 26,538,000 23,740,200 24,064,000 25,112,569 -16
Columbia
Florida 78,901,232 80,653,965 86,911,469 85,876,085 115,360,465 46
Georgia 28,057,655 28,780,471 26,546,906 32,132,524 32,806,673 17
Guam 170,100 317,127 349,336 607,800 \b \c
Hawaii 4,635,160 5,849,122 7,207,642 7,550,115 7,627,032 65
Idaho 1,479,600 2,119,100 2,402,000 2,448,500 2,448,500 65
Illinois 71,987,404 72,972,278 67,291,600 83,321,336 90,866,796 26
Indiana 16,332,566 17,763,487 19,805,472 16,604,150 16,720,910 2
Iowa 10,863,566 12,262,950 12,937,779 14,300,639 15,546,719 43
Kansas 27,840,402 11,132,884 6,453,255 6,464,438 6,290,761 -77
Kentucky 6,688,470 8,330,562 10,869,754 9,170,705 8,332,986 25
Louisiana 2,896,952 3,859,623 9,972,390 11,583,250 11,081,311 283
Maine 6,704,603 6,475,747 4,637,679 5,179,742 6,998,350 4
Maryland 47,261,282 50,736,466 43,463,724 33,832,201 31,350,611 -34
Massachusetts 46,709,828 48,494,200 60,987,141 35,330,659 36,706,826 -21
Michigan 30,244,907 27,003,799 36,064,568 41,427,498 39,389,686 30
Minnesota 43,775,000 43,445,230 35,664,691 45,405,778 46,871,064 7
Mississippi 2,466,339 2,631,504 2,717,493 3,125,000 3,453,142 40
Missouri 10,590,205 10,760,813 15,549,647 20,284,662 27,143,146 156
Montana 3,387,093 3,368,329 2,680,000 3,133,829 3,650,582 8
Nebraska 5,664,786 5,834,670 5,813,233 5,924,952 5,849,430 3
Nevada 1,871,255 1,825,158 2,661,131 2,473,700 2,339,809 25
New Hampshire 1,904,722 2,226,854 2,302,036 2,120,338 2,983,378 57
New Jersey 32,051,000 32,381,000 32,731,000 33,096,000 36,312,641 13
New Mexico 10,187,543 10,184,437 11,468,412 7,636,631 6,983,874 -31
New York 269,154,952 275,916,505 251,956,233 324,435,303 335,573,353 25
North Carolina 30,513,724 22,982,262 17,978,348 23,415,200 26,882,080 -12
North Dakota 2,880,891 807,702 1,674,544 1,942,000 1,900,000 -34
Ohio 18,764,851 30,189,093 38,541,617 40,768,553 41,225,306 120
Oklahoma 11,438,220 11,011,003 11,591,171 11,647,103 11,283,276 -1
Oregon \b 21,971,352 \b 32,874,732 35,494,554 \c
Palau \b \b \b \b 70,800 \c
Pennsylvania 49,362,416 55,845,777 52,853,571 49,356,790 67,824,525 37
Puerto Rico 15,126,234 14,144,476 16,904,671 19,319,195 14,285,245 -6
Rhode Island 13,532,404 13,877,293 14,124,000 15,846,309 14,406,000 6
South Carolina 23,694,744 23,655,350 22,320,887 26,185,613 27,941,502 18
South Dakota 1,369,602 1,527,744 1,978,484 2,656,966 3,667,372 168
Tennessee 14,238,516 7,612,300 7,301,707 7,633,305 \b \c
Texas 12,552,222 14,369,946 20,193,320 31,660,636 53,339,240 325
Utah 8,287,824 8,395,316 9,776,204 10,395,890 10,639,584 28
Vermont 16,175,473 3,278,922 3,358,697 2,875,175 2,857,367 -82
Virginia 24,369,394 40,089,545 40,405,772 43,715,044 44,748,436 84
Washington 32,298,476 37,348,640 31,700,221 32,633,197 33,018,119 2
West Virginia 11,097,043 5,579,479 6,692,356 7,125,634 6,850,107 -38
Wisconsin 32,806,528 66,113,500 57,087,056 62,702,100 61,270,000 87
Wyoming \b \b \b \b \b \c
=============================================================================================
Total $1,302,561, $1,352,488, $1,337,809, $1,485,719, $1,591,459, 22
900 602 823 656 266
=============================================================================================
Total in 1994 $1,475,155, $1,466,907, $1,405,262, $1,520,695, $1,591,459, 8
dollars 040 377 419 656 266
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Individual state percentage changes are not adjusted for
inflation.
\b Data were not available.
\c Percentage change could not be computed because data were not
available.
Source: NASADAD.
STATE, COUNTY, AND LOCAL SUBSTANCE
ABUSE PREVENTION EXPENDITURES BY
STATE, FISCAL YEARS 1990-94
========================================================== Appendix VI
Percentage
Change FY
State FY 1990 FY 1991 FY 1992 FY 1993 FY 1994 1990-94\a
--------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Alabama $960,000 \b \b 0 0 \c
Alaska 3,341,193 1,460,733 5,639,713 3,313,208 3,257,502 -3
Arizona 68,794 97,804 156,746 156,746 103,227 50
Arkansas \b \b \b 20,000 \b \c
California 19,914,021 15,264,388 11,366,836 14,032,165 16,106,249 -19
Colorado 3,370,653 3,745,631 3,809,573 3,837,412 354,325 -89
Connecticut 1,273,218 1,997,668 1,242,236 3,185,833 2,418,097 90
Delaware 118,749 51,195 99,862 126,418 274,834 131
District of 2,525,440 870,000 1,582,680 1,200,000 969,262 -62
Columbia
Florida 2,526,725 3,275,975 3,215,991 4,045,044 3,381,367 34
Georgia \b \b \b \b 63,660 \c
Guam 130,100 0 110,838 258,350 \b \c
Hawaii 1,107,284 839,446 3,200 10,511 35,619 -97
Idaho \b \b \b \b \b \c
Illinois 6,291,219 6,305,523 5,779,800 4,052,420 4,163,165 -34
Indiana 95,083 248,963 816,200 478,101 679,927 615
Iowa 1,898,738 2,124,903 2,170,903 2,623,046 3,426,825 80
Kansas 5,569,668 1,247,517 751,538 368,142 338,850 -94
Kentucky 190,938 388,451 592,764 1,140,518 463,241 143
Louisiana \b 222,461 427,883 428,662 110,000 \c
Maine 777,149 595,680 98,200 41,606 673,686 -13
Maryland 3,550,000 3,580,000 3,400,000 3,599,492 725,463 -80
Massachusetts 3,657,261 353,700 495,587 498,650 1,236,019 -66
Michigan 6,136,843 6,637,017 8,998,678 9,045,775 8,359,190 36
Minnesota 1,232,000 1,307,000 2,072,112 1,297,572 3,629,305 195
Mississippi \b \b \b \b \b \c
Missouri 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 435,367 1351
Montana 96,440 90,000 72,216 62,500 60,000 -38
Nebraska 457,021 382,831 389,060 497,663 502,908 10
Nevada 207,728 123,013 100,898 103,269 42,000 -80
New Hampshire 295,850 542,240 527,062 682,722 552,947 87
New Jersey 4,678,000 4,107,000 4,335,000 2,210,000 2,154,034 -54
New Mexico 695,435 383,954 833,829 \b \b \c
New York 71,235,233 67,979,621 65,671,500 65,560,636 68,052,768 -4
North Carolina \b \b 3,595,670 4,683,040 \b \c
North Dakota \b \b \b 7,000 15,000 \c
Ohio 3,075,409 7,214,858 8,622,848 9,234,174 7,050,687 129
Oklahoma \b \b \b 149,340 93,478 \c
Oregon \b 12,526,400 \b 13,285,456 14,028,852 \c
Palau \b \b \b \b \b \c
Pennsylvania 8,563,192 10,840,486 9,034,254 7,801,403 7,922,798 -7
Puerto Rico 2,002,370 2,221,975 2,016,100 1,896,710 1,260,746 -37
Rhode Island 3,042,892 3,116,451 4,228,000 4,326,425 3,388,000 11
South Carolina 9,093,954 9,608,744 8,126,297 10,589,208 6,580,117 -28
South Dakota 154,228 420,095 \b \b 288,691 87
Tennessee 3,082,074 1,484,300 711,174 1,969,334 \b \c
Texas 4,434,827 6,007,753 6,414,086 3,316,236 5,013,080 13
Utah 2,595,440 2,091,593 2,196,996 1,905,567 2,309,706 -11
Vermont 856,956 514,654 1,098,726 651,582 498,256 -42
Virginia 2,546,279 6,152,242 3,410,604 3,401,746 4,028,958 58
Washington 91,000 57,128 55,909 55,910 21,342 -77
West Virginia 216,682 232,309 167,039 \b \b \c
Wisconsin 3,515,764 12,840,300 9,693,798 9,945,800 9,487,251 170
Wyoming \b \b \b \b \b \c
=============================================================================================
Total $185,701,85 $199,582,00 $184,162,40 $196,125,39 $184,556,79 -1
0 2 6 2 9
=============================================================================================
Total in 1994 $210,307,87 $216,466,38 $193,447,90 $200,742,46 $184,556,79 -12
dollars 1 0 5 9 9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Individual state percentage changes are not adjusted for
inflation.
\b Data were not available.
\c Percentage change could not be computed because data were not
available.
Source: NASADAD.
STATE, COUNTY, AND LOCAL SUBSTANCE
ABUSE TREATMENT EXPENDITURES BY
STATE, FISCAL YEARS 1990-94
========================================================= Appendix VII
Percentage
change FY
State FY 1990 FY 1991 FY 1992 FY 1993 FY 1994 1990-94\a
--------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Alabama $5,055,962 $3,198,355 $3,692,995 $3,663,113 $4,063,707 -20
Alaska 13,228,842 14,703,532 18,113,262 17,267,183 17,149,322 30
Arizona 12,438,601 12,981,573 14,572,230 15,441,688 14,310,330 15
Arkansas 2,597,138 3,339,927 3,395,226 3,272,059 4,807,185 85
California 74,959,655 70,492,730 83,642,188 88,104,885 96,945,181 29
Colorado 13,618,520 14,013,340 13,384,961 12,840,383 13,601,074 0
Connecticut 37,400,468 37,279,392 37,593,962 36,748,264 39,122,015 5
Delaware 3,891,302 3,198,353 3,432,616 3,427,022 3,442,091 -12
District of 27,464,160 25,668,000 22,157,520 22,864,000 24,143,307 -12
Columbia
Florida 76,374,507 77,377,990 83,695,478 81,831,041 111,979,098 47
Georgia 28,057,655 28,780,471 26,546,906 32,132,524 32,743,013 17
Guam 40,000 317,127 238,498 349,450 \b \c
Hawaii 3,527,876 5,009,676 7,204,442 7,539,604 7,591,413 115
Idaho 1,479,600 2,119,100 2,402,000 2,448,500 2,448,500 65
Illinois 65,696,185 66,666,755 61,511,800 79,268,916 86,703,631 32
Indiana 16,237,483 17,514,524 18,989,272 16,126,049 16,040,983 -1
Iowa 8,964,828 10,138,047 10,766,876 11,677,593 12,119,894 35
Kansas 22,270,734 9,885,367 5,701,717 6,096,296 5,951,911 -73
Kentucky 6,497,532 7,942,111 10,276,990 8,030,187 7,869,745 21
Louisiana 2,896,952 3,637,162 9,544,507 11,154,588 10,971,311 279
Maine 5,927,454 5,880,067 4,539,479 5,138,136 6,324,664 7
Maryland 43,711,282 47,156,466 40,063,724 30,232,709 30,625,148 -30
Massachusetts 43,052,567 48,140,500 60,491,554 34,832,009 35,470,807 -18
Michigan 24,108,064 20,366,782 27,065,890 32,381,723 31,030,496 29
Minnesota 42,543,000 42,138,230 33,592,579 44,108,206 43,241,759 2
Mississippi 2,466,339 2,631,504 2,717,493 3,125,000 3,453,142 40
Missouri 10,560,205 10,730,813 15,519,647 20,254,662 26,707,779 153
Montana 3,290,653 3,278,329 2,607,784 3,071,329 3,590,582 9
Nebraska 5,207,765 5,451,839 5,424,173 5,427,289 5,346,522 3
Nevada 1,663,527 1,702,145 2,560,233 2,370,431 2,297,809 38
New Hampshire 1,608,872 1,684,614 1,774,974 1,437,616 2,430,431 51
New Jersey 27,373,000 28,274,000 28,396,000 30,886,000 34,158,607 25
New Mexico 9,492,108 9,800,483 10,634,583 7,636,631 6,983,874 -26
New York 197,919,719 207,936,884 186,284,733 258,874,667 267,520,585 35
North Carolina 30,513,724 22,982,262 14,382,678 18,732,160 26,882,080 -12
North Dakota 2,880,891 807,702 1,674,544 1,935,000 1,885,000 -35
Ohio 15,689,442 22,974,235 29,918,769 31,534,379 34,174,619 118
Oklahoma 11,438,220 11,011,003 11,591,171 11,497,763 11,189,798 -2
Oregon \b 9,444,952 \b 19,589,276 21,465,702 \c
Palau \b \b \b \b 70,800 \c
Pennsylvania 40,799,224 45,005,291 43,819,317 41,555,387 59,901,727 47
Puerto Rico 13,123,864 11,922,501 14,888,571 17,422,485 13,024,499 -1
Rhode Island 10,489,512 10,760,842 9,896,000 11,519,884 11,018,000 5
South Carolina 14,600,790 14,046,606 14,194,590 15,596,405 21,361,385 46
South Dakota 1,215,374 1,107,649 1,978,484 2,656,966 3,378,681 178
Tennessee 11,156,442 6,128,000 6,590,533 5,663,971 \b \c
Texas 8,117,395 8,362,193 13,779,234 28,344,400 48,326,160 495
Utah 5,692,384 6,303,723 7,579,208 8,490,323 8,329,878 46
Vermont 1,768,727 2,764,268 2,259,971 2,223,593 2,359,111 33
Virginia 35,372,905 33,937,303 36,995,168 40,313,298 40,719,478 15
Washington 32,053,000 37,291,512 31,644,312 32,577,287 32,996,777 3
West Virginia 3,856,887 5,347,170 6,525,317 7,125,634 6,850,107 78
Wisconsin 36,468,714 53,273,200 47,393,258 52,756,300 51,782,749 42
Wyoming \b \b \b \b \b \c
=============================================================================================
Total $1,116,860, $1,152,906, $1,153,647, $1,289,594, $1,406,902, 26
050 600 417 264 467
=============================================================================================
Total in 1994 $1,264,847, $1,250,440, $1,211,814, $1,319,953, $1,406,902, 11
dollars 169 997 514 187 467
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Individual state percentage changes are not adjusted for
inflation.
\b Data were not available.
\c Percentage change could not be computed because data were not
available.
Source: NASADAD.
TOP 25 FOUNDATIONS CONTRIBUTING
GRANTS TO SUBSTANCE ABUSE
TREATMENT AND PREVENTION PROGRAMS,
1993-94
======================================================== Appendix VIII
Foundation State Amount
---------------------------------- -------- ------------
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation NJ $18,495,740
Conrad N. Hilton Foundation NV 2,740,000
The Ford Foundation NY 1,863,000
Richard King Mellon Foundation PA 1,335,000
Meadows Foundation, Inc. TX 1,257,000
The Pew Charitable Trusts PA 1,243,500
Carnegie Corporation of New York NY 1,150,000
The Aaron Diamond Foundation, Inc. NY 1,066,609
Open Society Institute NY 1,053,000
The Kresge Foundation MI 1,000,000
Scaife Family Foundation PA 980,600
The California Wellness Foundation CA 730,000
Hartford Foundation for Public CT 707,554
Giving
The Annie E. Casey Foundation MD 625,000
Joseph B. Whitehead Foundation GA 625,000
Lettie Pate Evans Foundation, Inc. GA 600,000
Marin Community Foundation CA 573,250
The McKnight Foundation MN 535,000
The Commonwealth Fund NY 513,000
Charles Hayden Foundation NY 510,000
W.K. Kellogg Foundation MI 494,100
John S. and James L. Knight FL 342,966
Foundation
The F.J. O'Neill Charitable OH 325,000
Corporation
Hall Family Foundation MO 312,841
R.J. Maclellan Charitable Trust TN 306,342
==========================================================
Total $39,384,502
----------------------------------------------------------
Source: The Foundation Center, Grants for Alcohol and Drug Abuse
(New York: The Foundation Center, 1995-96).
(See figure in printed edition.)Appendix IX
COMMENTS FROM THE OFFICE OF
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY
======================================================== Appendix VIII
(See figure in printed edition.)Appendix X
COMMENTS FROM THE NATIONAL
ASSOCIATION OF STATE ALCOHOL AND
DRUG ABUSE DIRECTORS
======================================================== Appendix VIII
(See figure in printed edition.)
RELATED GAO PRODUCTS
=========================================================== Appendix 0
At-Risk and Delinquent Youth: Multiple Federal Programs Raise
Efficiency Questions (GAO/HEHS-96-34, Mar. 6, 1996).
Drug Courts: Information on a New Approach to Address Drug-Related
Crime (GAO/GGD-95-159BR, May 22, 1995).
Social Security: Disability Benefits for Drug Addicts and Alcoholics
Are Out of Control (GAO/T-HEHS-94-101, Feb. 10, 1994).
Drug Use Among Youth: No Simple Answers to Guide Prevention
(GAO/HRD-94-24, Dec. 29, 1993).
Indian Health Service: Basic Services Mostly Available; Substance
Abuse Problems Need Attention (GAO/HRD-93-48, Apr. 9, 1993).
Community Based Drug Prevention: Comprehensive Evaluations of
Efforts Are Needed (GAO/GGD-93-75, Mar. 24, 1993).
Adolescent Drug Use Prevention: Common Features of Promising
Community Programs (GAO/PEMD-92-2, Jan. 16, 1992).
ADMS Block Grant: Drug Treatment Services Could Be Improved by New
Accountability Program (GAO/HRD-92-27, Oct. 17, 1991).
Drug Treatment: State Prisons Face Challenges in Providing Services
(GAO/HRD-91-128, Sept. 20, 1991).
Drug Treatment: Despite New Strategy, Few Federal Inmates Receive
Treatment (GAO/HRD-91-116, Sept. 16, 1991).
Substance Abuse Treatment: Medicaid Allows Some Services but
Generally Limits Coverage (GAO/HRD-91-92, June 13, 1991).
ADMS Block Grant: Women's Set-Aside Does Not Assure Drug Treatment
for Pregnant Women (GAO/HRD-91-80, May 6, 1991).
Drug Abuse: The Crack Cocaine Epidemic--Health Consequences and
Treatment (GAO/HRD-91-55FS, Jan. 30, 1991).
*** End of document. ***