Higher Education: Selected Information on Student Financial Aid Received
By Legal Immigrants (Letter Report, 11/24/95, GAO/HEHS-96-7).
According to records at the Education Department, about 390,000 legal
immigrant students received Pell grant aid in academic year 1992-93.
This was about 10 percent of all students receiving Pell grants. In
total, immigrants received $662 million, or about 11 percent, of Pell
grant aid in that year. GAO was unable to determine the total number of
legal immigrants who received Stafford loans because citizenship data
are not maintained in the Education Department's loan files. Some
immigrants who received Pell grants, however, also received Stafford
loans totalling $257 million. About 82 percent of the immigrants who
received student aid lived in seven states, led by California and New
York. Sixty-one percent attended public colleges, 19 percent attended
private colleges, and 21 percent attended for-profit vocational schools.
The 100 schools with the most immigrant Pell grant recipients accounted
for about half of all such students, and 91 percent of these schools
were located in the seven states with the highest concentration of
immigrant students.
--------------------------- Indexing Terms -----------------------------
REPORTNUM: HEHS-96-7
TITLE: Higher Education: Selected Information on Student Financial
Aid Received By Legal Immigrants
DATE: 11/24/95
SUBJECT: Student financial aid
Immigrants
Proposed legislation
Colleges/universities
Higher education
Cost control
Educational grants
Student loans
Resident aliens
IDENTIFIER: Pell Grant
Dept. of Education Stafford Student Loan Program
Personal Responsibility Act of 1995
California
Florida
Illinois
Massachusetts
New Jersey
New York
Texas
******************************************************************
** This file contains an ASCII representation of the text of a **
** GAO report. Delineations within the text indicating chapter **
** titles, headings, and bullets are preserved. Major **
** divisions and subdivisions of the text, such as Chapters, **
** Sections, and Appendixes, are identified by double and **
** single lines. The numbers on the right end of these lines **
** indicate the position of each of the subsections in the **
** document outline. These numbers do NOT correspond with the **
** page numbers of the printed product. **
** **
** No attempt has been made to display graphic images, although **
** figure captions are reproduced. Tables are included, but **
** may not resemble those in the printed version. **
** **
** Please see the PDF (Portable Document Format) file, when **
** available, for a complete electronic file of the printed **
** document's contents. **
** **
** A printed copy of this report may be obtained from the GAO **
** Document Distribution Center. For further details, please **
** send an e-mail message to: **
** **
** **
** **
** with the message 'info' in the body. **
******************************************************************
Cover
================================================================ COVER
Report to Congressional Requesters
November 1995
HIGHER EDUCATION - SELECTED
INFORMATION ON STUDENT FINANCIAL
AID RECEIVED BY LEGAL IMMIGRANTS
GAO/HEHS-96-7
Student Aid to Immigrants
(104820)
Abbreviations
=============================================================== ABBREV
IDS - Institutional Data System
INS - Immigration and Naturalization Service
Letter
=============================================================== LETTER
B-266308
November 24, 1995
The Honorable Edward M. Kennedy
Ranking Minority Member
Committee on Labor and Human Resources
United States Senate
The Honorable Ileana Ros-Lehtinen
House of Representatives
Over the past year, the Congress has considered a variety of
proposals to reform the nation's welfare system. At least two of
these proposals would restrict legal immigrants'\1
eligibility for any federal means-tested public benefits programs,
including student financial aid programs at colleges, universities,
and other postsecondary schools.\2
To assist you in evaluating the effects of such proposals, you asked
us to gather information on (1) the number of legal immigrants that
received student financial aid and the amount of aid they received,
(2) the states in which they lived, and (3) the types of schools they
attended.
To develop this information, we focused our work on Pell grants and
Stafford loans, which together accounted for about 85 percent of
federal aid to students at postsecondary institutions under title IV
of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, during academic year
1992-93. We analyzed Department of Education recipient files for
academic year 1992-93, the most recent year for which complete data
were available. We performed our work between April and October 1995
in accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards.
(See app. I for details of our scope and methodology.)
--------------------
\1 "Legal immigrant" is a term used to refer to lawful, permanent
residents of the United States or other legally admitted immigrants
under certain other U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service
(INS) designations.
\2 One proposal would require that the income and resources of
immigrant students include that of their sponsors. Another proposal
would limit eligibility to those who had also fulfilled certain
residency requirements and filed a naturalization application, or who
were veterans or on active military duty.
RESULTS IN BRIEF
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :1
According to Department of Education records, about 390,000 legal
immigrant students received Pell grant aid in academic year 1992-93.
This was about 10 percent of all students receiving Pell grants. In
total, immigrants received $662 million, or about 11 percent, of Pell
grant aid in that year. We were unable to determine the total number
of legal immigrants who received Stafford loans because citizenship
data are not maintained in the Department of Education's loan files.
However, some immigrants who received Pell grants also received
Stafford loans that totaled $257 million.
About 82 percent of the immigrants who received student financial aid
lived in seven states, led by California with 31 percent and New York
with 25 percent. Sixty-one percent attended public colleges, 19
percent attended private colleges, and 21 percent attended
proprietary (for-profit vocational) schools. The 100 schools with
the most immigrant Pell grant recipients accounted for about 50
percent of all such students, and 91 of these schools were located in
the seven states with the highest concentration of immigrant
students.
BACKGROUND
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :2
Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, provides an
array of student financial aid programs, including grants, loans, and
work-study support, to students pursuing a postsecondary education.
Legal immigrants may receive aid through some or all of these
programs, depending on the cost of the education they are obtaining
and the size of their family income. By far, the two largest
programs are Pell grants and Stafford loans.
-- Pell grants, available only to undergraduate students, are
designed to help the neediest students and are the first source
of title IV aid. A student must apply for a Pell grant to
ascertain Pell eligibility before student financial aid from
other programs can be determined. Grants need not be repaid,
and the maximum Pell grant award amount in academic year 1992-93
was $2,400.
-- Stafford loans are available to undergraduate and graduate
students. Stafford loans may be either government subsidized or
unsubsidized, depending on the results of the student's means
test. For subsidized loans, the federal government pays the
interest on the loan while the student is in school. The
student repays the principal and interest on both kinds of
Stafford loans after leaving school. In addition, the
government also guarantees both kinds of Stafford loans if the
borrower defaults.\3
To be eligible for federal student aid, a student must be either a
U.S. citizen or an "eligible noncitizen." Legal immigrants are
included in the definition of eligible noncitizens. More
specifically, the Department of Education groups noncitizens into
three categories:
-- lawful permanent residents (who have an Alien Registration
Receipt Card);
-- U.S. nationals (natives of American Samoa or Swain's Island);
and
-- holders of an Arrival-Departure Record from the INS showing one
of the following designations: refugee, asylum granted,
indefinite parole and/or humanitarian parole, Cuban-Haitian
entrant with status pending, conditional entrant (if issued
before April 1, 1980), or other eligible noncitizen with a
Temporary Resident Card.
Permanent residents of the Republic of Palau may be eligible for all
federal student financial aid. However, citizens of the Federated
States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands are
eligible for Pell grants but not for Stafford loans. Holders of
foreign-student or exchange-visitor visas and those with visas
pertaining to international organizations are ineligible to receive
federal student aid.
The current congressional debate about reforming the welfare system
involves H.R. 4, the proposed Personal Responsibility Act of 1995,
which was introduced in March 1995. If enacted, it would restrict
legal immigrants' eligibility for any federal means-tested public
benefits program, such as title IV financial aid programs. The
proposed law would require that the income of the sponsor\4 and the
income of the spouse of an immigrant who meets one of these criteria
be included in determining the eligibility of students for program
benefits.
--------------------
\3 The maximum loan amount varies and depends, in part, on the number
of academic years a student has completed. However, the maximum
amount of Stafford loans that individual undergraduates and graduates
could have outstanding for academic year 1992-93 was $17,250 and
$54,750, respectively.
\4 Some legal immigrants are admitted into the country under the
financial sponsorship of a U.S. resident.
IMMIGRANTS WERE 10 PERCENT OF
ALL PELL GRANT RECIPIENTS, AND
MANY ALSO RECEIVED STAFFORD
LOANS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :3
Legal immigrants constituted about 10 percent of the 4 million Pell
grant recipients in academic year 1992-93 (see fig. 1), and they
received about 11 percent ($662 million) of the total Pell grant aid
($6.2 billion) in that year.
Figure 1: Composition of Pell
Grant Recipients, Academic Year
1992-93
(See figure in printed
edition.)
Because Stafford loan files do not include data on citizenship, we
were unable to determine how many legal immigrants received Stafford
loans. To provide some indication of the extent of legal immigrants'
participation in the Stafford program, we determined how many of the
legal immigrants who received a Pell grant in academic year 1992-93
also received a Stafford loan. In all, 107,381 of the 390,088 legal
immigrants receiving a Pell grant also received a Stafford loan.
This figure represented 5 percent of the nearly 2 million students in
all who received both forms of aid (see fig. 2). Stafford loan aid
to these immigrants totaled about $257 million, or about 6 percent of
all Stafford loans ($4.5 billion) made to all Pell grant recipients.
Figure 2: Composition of Pell
Grant Recipients Who Also
Received a Stafford Loan,
Academic Year 1992-93
(See figure in printed
edition.)
Compared with citizens, immigrants received, on average, slightly
larger Pell grants. As shown in figure 3, the average Pell grant for
immigrants was $1,697--10 percent larger than the $1,526 awarded to
citizens. When immigrants who received Pell grants also received
Stafford loans, their loans were similarly somewhat larger than
citizens' loans. The average Stafford loan for immigrants with Pell
grants was $2,391, 4 percent more than the $2,297 for citizens.
Figure 3: Average Pell Grant
Amounts and Average Stafford
Loan Amounts for Pell Grant
Recipients, Academic Year
1992-93
(See figure in printed
edition.)
MOST IMMIGRANT STUDENTS LIVED
IN SEVEN STATES
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :4
About 82 percent of immigrant students who received Pell grants in
academic year 1992-93 were concentrated in seven states: California,
Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, and Texas.
In contrast, schools in these states accounted for about 38 percent
of all Pell grant recipients. Not surprisingly, the two states with
the largest populations of legal immigrants--California and New
York--accounted for 56 percent of immigrant students and about 57
percent of Pell grant funding for these students (see table 1). For
information on all 50 states, see appendixes II and III.
Table 1
Immigrant Pell Grant Recipients--and Aid
Amounts--for Selected States of
Residence, Academic Year 1992-93
Amount (in
State Number Percent millions) Percent
-------------- -------- -------- ------------ --------
California 120,488 31 $196.4 30
New York 96,273 25 180.3 27
Florida 30,199 8 49.0 7
Texas 25,997 7 40.5 6
New Jersey 15,723 4 26.3 4
Illinois 14,867 4 24.0 4
Massachusetts 10,044 3 17.4 3
==========================================================
Total 313,591 82 $533.9 81
----------------------------------------------------------
MOST IMMIGRANT STUDENTS
ATTENDED PUBLIC COLLEGES OR
UNIVERSITIES
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :5
The majority of immigrant Pell grant recipients--61 percent--attended
public colleges or universities (see fig. 4). This is about triple
the number that attended private colleges or universities (19
percent) or proprietary schools (21 percent). Appendix IV contains
state-by-state information on the type of school immigrants were
enrolled in during academic year 1992-93.
Figure 4: Immigrant Pell Grant
Recipients by School Type,
Academic Year 1992-93
(See figure in printed
edition.)
Note: Percentages do not total 100 because of rounding.
100 SCHOOLS ACCOUNTED FOR 50
PERCENT OF IMMIGRANT
STUDENTS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :5.1
A school-by-school analysis showed that 100 schools accounted for
about 50 percent (194,295) of the 390,088 immigrant Pell grant
recipients and about 50 percent ($332 million) of the $662 million in
Pell grant funds awarded to immigrants in academic year 1992-93.
Most of these schools (91) were in the seven states where most of the
immigrant recipients lived, and 68 schools were in California and New
York (see table 2). Appendix V contains information on all 100
schools.
Table 2
The 100 Schools With the Most Immigrant
Pell Grant Recipients, by State,
Academic Year 1992-93
Amount of
Pell grant
Number of aid to
Number of immigrant immigrants
schools in Pell grant (in
State the top 100 recipients millions)
---------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
California 48 71,268 $116.7
New York 20 74,764 139.8
New Jersey 6 6,716 10.6
Florida 5 13,664 20.8
Texas 5 9,948 14.8
Illinois 4 5,888 8.8
Massachusetts 3 2,660 4.6
Maryland 2 2,240 3.8
Pennsylvania 1 1,388 2.2
Virginia 1 1,224 2.0
Indiana 1 1,099 1.8
Oregon 1 977 1.5
Washington 1 917 1.7
Minnesota 1 778 1.5
Ohio 1 764 1.0
==========================================================
Total 100 194,295 $331.7\a
----------------------------------------------------------
\a Numbers do not add to total because of rounding.
AGENCY COMMENTS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :6
The Department of Education was provided a draft of this report to
review and had no comments.
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :6.1
We are sending copies of this report to the Chairman of the Senate
Committee on Labor and Human Resources, the Chairman of the House
Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities, the Secretary of
Education, and other interested parties.
Please call me at (202) 512-7014 if you or your staff have any
questions about this report. Major contributors included Joseph J.
Eglin, Jr., Assistant Director; Paula N. Barnes; Scott M. Berger;
Charles M. Novak; Meeta Sharma; Edward H. Tuchman; and Dianne L.
Whitman.
Sincerely yours,
Cornelia M. Blanchette
Associate Director, Education
and Employment Issues
SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
=========================================================== Appendix I
We contacted officials at and reviewed documents from the Department
of Education and INS to obtain information on immigration
designations and eligibility criteria for federal student aid. We
focused our analysis on the Pell grant and Stafford loan programs
because they are the largest of the title IV programs, accounting for
about 85 percent of all federal aid to students at postsecondary
institutions.
To determine the number of legal immigrant students, the amount of
aid they received, their place of residence, and the types of schools
they attended, we obtained and analyzed three Department of Education
databases: the Pell Grant Recipient File, the Stafford Loan File,
and the Institutional Data System (IDS). We used the 1992-93
academic year as a base year for our analyses because it was the most
recent year for which data were available for Pell grant recipients.
We did not verify the data obtained from the Department of Education.
We determined who received a Pell grant, the grant amount, and the
recipient's place of residence by performing special computer runs
for all Pell Grant Recipient File records for academic year 1992-93.
To distinguish immigrants from citizens, we reviewed grant records
for codes that related to citizenship. We extracted grant records
that had codes of "P," for permanent resident or other eligible
noncitizen. The remaining records fell into two categories: those
that had codes for other classifications of immigration and
citizenship, such as U.S. citizen, and those that were missing
codes.
Because they are not U.S. citizens, the permanent residents of Palau
and the citizens of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of
Micronesia were included in the "P" category with other permanent
residents and eligible noncitizens. However, the residents of these
territories are treated as U.S. citizens for eligibility for student
financial aid under title IV. The numbers of such students were
small, and we did not determine how many of them were actually
included as legal immigrants.
In identifying an immigrant student's place of residence, the Pell
Grant Recipient File listed all 50 states, the District of Columbia,
U.S. territories and commonwealths, and some foreign countries.
While individuals holding foreign-student visas are ineligible for
student aid, our analyses identified some immigrant Pell grant
recipients residing in Canada and Mexico. A representative at the
Department of Education's Federal Student Aid Information Center said
that legal immigrants with a valid alien registration number may
claim a foreign residence and still receive student aid.
We could not determine the number of immigrants who received Stafford
loans or the amounts of such loans because, unlike the Pell Grant
Recipient Files, Stafford Loan Files do not identify students'
citizenship status. However, we were able to estimate the extent
that legal immigrants who had received a Pell grant participated in
the Stafford loan program. We performed computer matches between the
loan and grant files to identify immigrant/citizen Pell grant
recipients for whom there was a corresponding Stafford loan record.
While the Pell grant files contained an institution number to
identify the students' schools (reporting campuses), the number did
not indicate the type of school or the length of academic program.
This information is contained in IDS. To determine the types of
schools attended by immigrants, we performed computer matches of Pell
Grant Recipient Files and IDS. To identify the 100 schools with the
most immigrant Pell grant recipients, we matched Pell Grant Recipient
Files with IDS, sorted on the number of immigrant Pell grant records,
and extracted the 100 schools with the most records. For each of
these schools, we then used IDS to identify school name, location,
and type.
IMMIGRANT STUDENTS RECEIVING PELL
GRANTS, BY RESIDENCE, ACADEMIC
YEAR 1992-93
========================================================== Appendix II
Immigrants
Total number Number of as a
of students immigrants percentage
Place of receiving receiving of total
residence Pell grants Pell grants students
---------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
California 369,078 120,488 32.6
New York 363,698 96,273 26.5
Florida 189,684 30,199 15.9
Texas 264,827 25,997 9.8
New Jersey 82,344 15,723 19.1
Illinois 167,261 14,867 8.9
Massachusetts 72,965 10,044 13.8
Pennsylvania 157,076 6,354 4.0
Maryland 54,342 6,332 11.7
Washington 66,119 5,523 8.4
Arizona 68,628 5,114 7.5
Virginia 74,422 4,259 5.7
Minnesota 80,906 4,162 5.1
Michigan 162,845 3,928 2.4
Ohio 171,999 3,132 1.8
Georgia 89,939 2,814 3.1
Oregon 46,115 2,616 5.7
Connecticut 25,864 2,569 9.9
Puerto Rico 178,845 2,504 1.4
Louisiana 85,208 2,061 2.4
Colorado 58,508 1,986 3.4
Wisconsin 72,039 1,972 2.7
Federated States 1,446 1,394 96.4
of Micronesia
Missouri 84,999 1,381 1.6
Rhode Island 13,568 1,320 9.7
Utah 46,518 1,233 2.7
Indiana 82,690 1,199 1.4
North Carolina 78,056 1,170 1.5
Kansas 46,370 1,157 2.5
Oklahoma 68,981 1,140 1.7
New Mexico 35,358 1,028 2.9
Hawaii 7,248 861 11.9
Iowa 54,676 838 1.5
Tennessee 72,722 789 1.1
Nevada 12,763 632 5.0
District of 6,825 623 9.1
Columbia
Alabama 75,353 577 0.8
Palau 625 559 89.4
Nebraska 32,535 530 1.6
South Carolina 53,587 503 0.9
Kentucky 65,226 476 0.7
Marshall Islands 480 458 95.4
Mississippi 56,101 303 0.5
Idaho 20,010 302 1.5
Arkansas 40,832 239 0.6
New Hampshire 11,327 238 2.1
Guam 716 210 29.3
Virgin Islands 1,193 205 17.2
Delaware 5,938 198 3.3
Maine 16,675 194 1.2
Vermont 7,958 125 1.6
Alaska 5,382 111 2.1
North Dakota 16,241 110 0.7
Montana 18,796 109 0.6
Northern Mariana 291 101 34.7
Islands
South Dakota 15,993 101 0.6
West Virginia 27,242 88 0.3
Wyoming 9,136 56 0.6
Canada 152 13 8.6
American Samoa 358 9 2.5
Mexico 36 2 5.6
Unknown 6,674 589 8.8
==========================================================
Total 4,003,789 390,088 9.7
----------------------------------------------------------
PELL GRANT AID TO IMMIGRANT
STUDENTS, BY RESIDENCE, ACADEMIC
YEAR 1992-93
========================================================= Appendix III
Immigrant aid as a
Total amount of Pell aid to percentage of
Place of residence Pell aid immigrants total aid
----------------------------- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
California $571,451,865 $196,379,734 34.37
New York 618,689,155 180,256,192 29.14
Florida 281,217,211 48,950,285 17.41
Texas 381,284,327 40,542,503 10.63
New Jersey 130,423,209 26,256,014 20.13
Illinois 248,038,034 24,035,028 9.69
Massachusetts 115,089,841 17,372,496 15.09
Pennsylvania 241,090,708 11,409,492 4.73
Maryland 82,699,388 10,217,093 12.35
Washington 102,341,512 8,949,752 8.74
Arizona 103,982,091 8,232,004 7.92
Minnesota 122,904,536 7,510,396 6.11
Virginia 110,142,667 7,191,957 6.53
Michigan 240,149,242 6,461,829 2.69
Ohio 260,292,138 5,133,902 1.97
Puerto Rico 330,111,006 4,768,617 1.44
Georgia 129,953,161 4,768,440 3.67
Oregon 71,678,490 4,538,252 6.33
Connecticut 38,345,381 4,084,980 10.65
Louisiana 137,999,395 3,579,698 2.59
Wisconsin 109,815,251 3,544,983 3.23
Colorado 90,341,222 3,419,296 3.78
Missouri 127,071,663 2,229,862 1.75
Federated States of 2,223,506 2,150,659 96.72
Micronesia
Utah 73,045,862 2,076,392 2.84
Indiana 122,803,517 2,073,752 1.69
Rhode Island 20,471,278 2,062,157 10.07
Oklahoma 105,206,616 1,916,727 1.82
Kansas 69,242,505 1,900,116 2.74
North Carolina 108,680,482 1,793,459 1.65
New Mexico 53,846,353 1,675,548 3.11
Iowa 82,505,545 1,518,852 1.84
Tennessee 109,280,036 1,335,564 1.22
Hawaii 10,470,576 1,230,271 11.75
District of Columbia 10,748,173 1,070,014 9.96
Nevada 19,126,887 1,041,860 5.45
Palau 1,051,392 958,240 91.14
Alabama 107,491,919 954,682 0.89
Kentucky 100,087,643 774,063 0.77
Nebraska 46,930,957 760,225 1.62
South Carolina 75,740,594 709,569 0.94
Marshall Islands 696,963 670,097 96.15
Idaho 32,474,909 547,483 1.69
Mississippi 87,792,036 538,754 0.61
Arkansas 63,461,252 389,706 0.61
New Hampshire 17,542,398 383,906 2.19
Virgin Islands 1,958,649 351,423 17.94
Guam 1,062,689 348,074 32.75
Maine 25,962,382 308,632 1.19
Delaware 8,233,359 303,013 3.68
Alaska 8,726,817 200,824 2.30
North Dakota 26,498,533 199,157 0.75
Vermont 11,740,161 197,066 1.68
Montana 30,801,463 193,335 0.63
South Dakota 25,291,314 165,737 0.66
West Virginia 43,212,893 160,783 0.37
Northern Mariana Islands 416,620 151,053 36.26
Wyoming 13,924,380 96,326 0.69
Canada 259,267 23,200 8.95
American Samoa 502,453 11,817 2.35
Mexico 63,790 3,165 4.96
Unknown 10,367,216 1,089,796 10.51
=========================================================================================
Total $6,175,054,878 $662,168,302 10.72
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IMMIGRANT PELL GRANT RECIPIENTS,
BY RESIDENCE AND SCHOOL TYPE,
ACADEMIC YEAR 1992-93
========================================================== Appendix IV
Total
Proprietary immigrant
Place of residence �2 yrs. �4 yrs. �2 yrs. �4 yrs. schools recipients
--------------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------------ ------------
California 39,995 25,130 4,160 3,450 32,894 105,629
New York 3,740 39,349 4,574 29,647 13,456 90,766
Florida 13,821 3,127 613 1,564 8,881 28,006
Texas 10,806 5,984 221 792 5,305 23,108
Illinois 4,285 3,227 926 2,767 2,158 13,363
New Jersey 5,662 3,925 1,224 996 1,520 13,327
Massachusetts 4,497 1,980 518 3,044 518 10,557
Pennsylvania 2,211 1,503 100 1,382 818 6,014
Maryland 3,212 1,494 4 369 519 5,598
Washington 3,467 1,307 6 263 233 5,276
Arizona 2,338 901 29 32 1,155 4,455
Virginia 1,722 1,366 7 229 867 4,191
Minnesota 2,204 1,214 50 461 128 4,057
Michigan 1,743 1,328 19 713 217 4,020
Ohio 1,308 1,246 13 422 250 3,239
Georgia 555 979 18 364 881 2,797
Oregon 1,388 916 16 120 72 2,512
Indiana 348 750 3 185 1,110 2,396
Connecticut 604 490 20 520 602 2,236
Wisconsin 708 1,004 0 320 33 2,065
Colorado 714 971 1 136 201 2,023
Louisiana 387 1,005 4 223 398 2,017
Puerto Rico 12 168 315 901 596 1,992
Rhode Island 489 346 103 352 167 1,457
Missouri 227 315 340 350 156 1,388
Kansas 355 478 411 62 45 1,351
District of Columbia 0 210 2 551 564 1,327
North Carolina 355 573 26 245 30 1,229
Utah 402 517 22 233 42 1,216
Oklahoma 355 446 4 125 81 1,011
Trust Territories 953 0 0 0 0 953
Iowa 330 326 6 221 31 914
Tennessee 200 364 2 199 149 914
New Mexico 209 599 0 14 86 908
Hawaii 368 212 0 143 109 832
Alabama 191 361 0 140 12 704
Nebraska 246 214 0 47 15 522
Kentucky 9 396 1 39 38 483
Nevada 105 188 0 3 149 445
South Carolina 227 131 0 55 25 438
Guam 33 321 0 0 0 354
Idaho 61 194 49 9 8 321
Mississippi 110 116 8 32 9 275
New Hampshire 37 60 3 112 56 268
Arkansas 51 151 1 26 18 247
Delaware 85 96 0 17 15 213
Maine 20 105 1 49 23 198
South Dakota 8 62 6 18 74 168
West Virginia 4 93 0 41 23 161
Vermont 31 47 1 76 4 159
Alaska 0 77 0 2 46 125
Virgin Islands 0 117 0 0 0 117
North Dakota 16 81 1 12 4 114
Montana 24 74 0 10 1 109
Wyoming 28 20 0 0 45 93
American Samoa 8 0 0 0 0 8
=========================================================================================
Total 111,264 106,654 13,828 52,083 74,837 358,666\a
=========================================================================================
Percentage of total 31.0 29.7 3.9 14.5 20.9 100
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a When matching the Pell Grant Recipient File with IDS, no match
occurred for 31,422 students. Therefore, the total number of
immigrant Pell grant recipients shown by school type is less than the
total number of immigrant Pell grant recipients shown in appendix II.
THE 100 SCHOOLS WITH THE MOST
IMMIGRANT PELL GRANT RECIPIENTS,
BY STATE, ACADEMIC YEAR 1992-93
=========================================================== Appendix V
Propriet Immigrant Immigrants
� 2 � 4 � 2 � 4 ary Pell Immigrant as % of all
School yrs. yrs. yrs. yrs. schools recipients Pell aid Pell aid
------------------ ---- ---- ---- ---- -------- ------------ ------------- ------------
California (48 schools)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Glendale Community x 2,055 $2,090,734 78.6
College
San Francisco x 1,774 1,949,721 58.0
Community College
District
Los Angeles City x 1,766 2,551,537 74.1
College
Pasadena City x 1,538 1,576,892 55.6
College
Long Beach City x 1,475 1,675,487 34.4
College
Golden West x 1,343 1,513,449 66.5
College
De Anza College x 1,316 1,537,060 67.3
Orange Coast x 1,263 1,481,988 58.3
College
Evergreen Valley x 1,178 1,286,544 70.9
College
Rancho Santiago x 1,133 1,282,432 64.7
College
Imperial Valley x 1,125 1,169,792 55.0
College
Fresno City x 1,000 1,100,420 27.3
College
San Diego City x 950 1,238,721 36.7
College
San Jose City x 905 942,498 59.4
College
San Joaquin Delta x 863 860,207 31.3
College
East Los Angeles x 839 1,002,304 49.9
College
Sacramento City x 792 862,723 44.3
College
San Diego Mesa x 712 864,416 40.1
College
Mission College x 710 857,679 73.4
Associated x 696 1,586,975 21.1
Technical College
Laney College x 671 794,025 40.7
University of x 2,243 4,347,706 35.3
California, Los
Angeles
California State x 1,922 3,209,626 40.1
University, Los
Angeles
San Jose State x 1,810 3,450,320 38.5
University
University of x 1,670 2,965,372 30.2
California,
Berkeley
California State x 1,629 2,959,889 31.8
University,
Northridge
University of x 1,497 2,978,787 43.6
California, Irvine
California State x 1,404 2,520,886 40.8
Polytechnic
University, Pomona
University of x 1,306 2,613,596 30.6
California, Davis
San Francisco x 1,277 2,237,823 27.4
State University
California State x 1,240 2,186,533 24.7
University, Long
Beach
California State x 1,147 2,196,436 26.7
University, Fresno
California State x 1,075 1,923,004 29.6
University,
Fullerton
San Diego State x 987 1,779,593 16.9
University
California State, x 811 1,485,371 20.9
Sacramento
University of x 739 1,446,753 26.6
California, San
Diego
California x 673 1,337,638 16.8
Polytechnic State
University
Los Angeles ORT x 1,644 3,408,948 97.1
Technical
Institute
Center of x 1,509 3,067,293 67.1
Employment and
Training
University of x 703 1,370,395 21.5
Southern
California
United Education x 10,536 19,258,455 91.7
Institute
College of English x 2,914 6,004,777 93.4
Language
Glendale Career x 2,345 3,608,784 75.4
College
National Education x 2,281 4,049,376 10.5
Center, Bryman
Campus
BNS Technical x 1,373 2,858,867 92.2
Institute
Diversified x 912 1,890,272 95.3
Language Institute
Systems x 818 1,632,286 83.9
Programming
Development
Institute
Pacific Gateway x 699 1,672,950 99.3
College
===============================================================================================
Subtotal 71,268 $116,687,340 40.9
New York (20 schools)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CUNY City College x 34,429 62,476,505 42.3
State University x 4,738 9,263,423 13.0
of New York,
Albany
Bramson ORT x 1,446 2,466,677 97.8
Technical
Institute
Northeast Center x 1,400 2,685,060 61.5
for Judaic Studies
Syrit Computer x 1,070 1,783,497 95.6
School System
Touro College x 5,619 10,713,995 69.5
Beth Jacob Hebrew x 3,574 7,919,651 97.4
Teachers College
Academy for Jewish x 2,461 5,325,430 94.2
Education
Long Island x 2,355 4,258,078 41.1
University
Sara Schenirer x 2,085 4,741,166 96.6
Teachers Seminary
Academy for x 1,757 3,824,825 68.3
Creative Learning
for Adults
Molloy College x 1,247 2,485,073 68.3
New York x 1,198 2,344,011 30.8
University
Mercy College x 1,116 2,034,667 35.8
St. Johns x 937 1,755,720 28.3
University
Technical Career x 3,350 5,220,158 50.8
Institutes
Career Blazers x 3,059 5,963,196 93.5
Learning Center
Globe Institute of x 1,460 2,569,440 95.5
Technology
Professional x 792 1,010,639 79.2
Business Institute
Techno-Dent x 671 962,551 88.2
Training Center
===============================================================================================
Subtotal 74,764 $139,803,762 43.3
New Jersey (6 schools)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Essex County x 1,214 2,068,996 35.9
College
Passaic County x 1,139 1,453,737 48.1
Community College
Hudson County x 947 1,458,435 57.3
Community College
Middlesex County x 738 1,041,142 39.9
College
Rutgers, the State x 1,455 2,652,242 20.7
University of New
Jersey Central
Office
Union County x 1,223 1,915,482 54.9
College
===============================================================================================
Subtotal 6,716 $10,590,034 35.0
Florida (5 schools)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Miami-Dade x 9,494 13,979,407 49.0
Community College
Broward Community x 1,064 1,378,605 24.9
College
Florida x 1,095 1,710,994 29.2
International
University
Miami Technical x 1,136 2,083,176 62.2
Institute
Florida National x 875 1,688,090 70.2
===============================================================================================
Subtotal 13,664 $20,840,272 45.6
Texas (5 schools)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
El Paso County x 4,058 5,559,727 36.3
Community College
District
Houston Community x 2,118 3,047,870 30.8
College
University of x 901 1,569,786 19.7
Houston,
University Park
University of x 790 1,178,968 12.7
Texas, Pan
American
Microcomputer x 2,081 3,461,162 51.5
Technology
Institute
===============================================================================================
Subtotal 9,948 $14,817,513 30.1
Illinois (4 schools)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
City Colleges of x 2,700 3,398,929 20.7
Chicago
University of x 1,537 2,752,092 26.9
Illinois, Chicago
St. Augustine x 769 1,293,843 53.4
College
National-Louis x 882 1,402,152 53.9
University
===============================================================================================
Subtotal 5,888 $8,847,016 27.9
Massachusetts (3 schools)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bunker Hill x 1,157 1,935,442 50.0
Community College
Roxbury Community x 814 1,425,779 52.7
College
University of x 689 1,255,982 23.9
Massachusetts,
Boston
===============================================================================================
Subtotal 2,660 $4,617,203 39.1
Maryland (2 schools)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Montgomery College x 1,494 2,434,986 52.9
University of x 746 1,343,429 22.5
Maryland
===============================================================================================
Subtotal 2,240 $3,778,415 35.7
Pennsylvania (1 school)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Community College x 1,388 $2,229,110 17.6
of Philadelphia
Virginia (1 school)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Northern Virginia x 1,224 $1,964,691 55.2
Community College
Indiana (1 school)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ITT Technical x 1,099 $1,760,834 7.8
Institute
Oregon (1 school)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Portland Community x 977 $1,546,481 25.5
College
Washington (1 school)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
University of x 917 $1,687,071 19.4
Washington
Minnesota (1 school)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
University of x 778 $1,494,901 12.3
Minnesota, Twin
Cities
Ohio (1 school)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cuyahoga Community x 764 $1,031,353 8.8
College
Total 37 27 7 12 17 194,295 $331,695,996 38.4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** End of document. ***