At-Risk and Delinquent Youth: Multiple Federal Programs Raise Efficiency
Questions (Letter Report, 03/06/96, GAO/HEHS-96-34).

Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed federal programs for
at-risk and delinquent youth, focusing on: (1) fiscal year (FY) 1995
appropriations dedicated to youth programs; and (2) the potential for
program overlap and duplication of services.

GAO found that: (1) there are 131 programs administered by 16 federal
agencies that can benefit at-risk and delinquent youth; (2) 60 percent
of the programs are administered by the Departments of Health and Human
Services and Justice; (3) FY 1995 appropriations exceeded $4 billion for
83 percent of the programs for which funding data could be obtained; (4)
the median amount of FY 1995 appropriations was $10 million per program;
(5) most programs use project grants or formula grants to distribute
funds to service providers; (6) many of the programs are authorized to
provide multiple services, including counseling, job training
assistance, research and evaluation efforts, and substance abuse
treatment; (7) many of the programs have multiple target groups such as
poor youth, abused or neglected youth, substance abusers, and school
dropouts; (8) the systems for providing services to at-risk and
delinquent youth create the potential for program overlap and service
duplication; and (9) the overall effectiveness of federal efforts to
assist at-risk and delinquent youth is questionable.

--------------------------- Indexing Terms -----------------------------

 REPORTNUM:  HEHS-96-34
     TITLE:  At-Risk and Delinquent Youth: Multiple Federal Programs 
             Raise Efficiency Questions
      DATE:  03/06/96
   SUBJECT:  Children
             Juvenile delinquency
             Employment or training programs
             Drug treatment
             Child abuse
             Disadvantaged persons
             Minorities
IDENTIFIER:  USDA Urban Tree House Research Program
             DOL Job Corps Program
             
******************************************************************
** This file contains an ASCII representation of the text of a  **
** GAO report.  Delineations within the text indicating chapter **
** titles, headings, and bullets are preserved.  Major          **
** divisions and subdivisions of the text, such as Chapters,    **
** Sections, and Appendixes, are identified by double and       **
** single lines.  The numbers on the right end of these lines   **
** indicate the position of each of the subsections in the      **
** document outline.  These numbers do NOT correspond with the  **
** page numbers of the printed product.                         **
**                                                              **
** No attempt has been made to display graphic images, although **
** figure captions are reproduced.  Tables are included, but    **
** may not resemble those in the printed version.               **
**                                                              **
** Please see the PDF (Portable Document Format) file, when     **
** available, for a complete electronic file of the printed     **
** document's contents.                                         **
**                                                              **
** A printed copy of this report may be obtained from the GAO   **
** Document Distribution Center.  For further details, please   **
** send an e-mail message to:                                   **
**                                                              **
**                                            **
**                                                              **
** with the message 'info' in the body.                         **
******************************************************************


Cover
================================================================ COVER


Report to Congressional Requesters

March 1996

AT-RISK AND DELINQUENT YOUTH -
MULTIPLE FEDERAL PROGRAMS RAISE
EFFICIENCY QUESTIONS

GAO/HEHS-96-34

Multiple Youth Programs

(104812)


Abbreviations
=============================================================== ABBREV

  CYFERNET - Children, Youth and Family Education Research Network
  FBI - Federal Bureau of Investigation
  HHS - Department of Health and Human Services
  JOBS - Job Opportunities and Basic Skills
  JOLI - Job Opportunities for Low-Income Individuals
  JTPA - Job Training Partnership Act
  NIAAA - National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
  NIDA - National Institute on Drug Abuse
  PAVNET - Partnerships Against Violence Network
  RSVP - Retired and Senior Volunteer Program
  SPRANS - Special Projects of Regional and National Significance
  VISTA - Volunteers in Service to America

Letter
=============================================================== LETTER


B-260743

March 6, 1996

The Honorable William S.  Cohen
Chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight
 of Government Management and the
 District of Columbia
Committee on Governmental Affairs
United States Senate

The Honorable William F.  Goodling
Chairman, Committee on Economic and
 Educational Opportunities
House of Representatives

The Honorable Nancy Landon Kassebaum
Chairman, Committee on Labor and
 Human Resources
United States Senate

The Honorable Sam Nunn
Ranking Minority Member
Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
Committee on Governmental Affairs
United States Senate

Problems such as poverty, unemployment, teen pregnancy, child abuse,
violence, and substance abuse are common among the nation's youth. 
Many young people are considered at-risk\1 and many have also had
contact with the juvenile justice system.  In response, the Congress
has passed legislation over the years creating numerous federal
programs to address the needs of delinquent and at-risk youth.  While
this commitment on the part of the federal government is essential in
helping such youth, in the current period of ever-tightening budget
constraints, questions have been raised about potential waste from
program overlap and duplication of services. 

This report responds to your request that we (1) identify federal
programs that serve at-risk or delinquent youth and provide
information on the amount of fiscal year 1995 appropriations
dedicated toward youth; (2) provide information on various program
characteristics, such as services provided and target groups; and (3)
assess the potential for program overlap and duplication of services. 
To identify these programs, we reviewed applicable laws, current
literature, and previous GAO reports.  We also reviewed the 1994
Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance, which contains detailed
information on all federal domestic programs.  To obtain additional
data, such as estimates of fiscal year 1995 appropriations dedicated
toward at-risk or delinquent youth, we contacted agency officials
knowledgeable about each program. 

We included programs on our list on the basis of the services they
provided and their target groups.  The services we focused on were
self-sufficiency skills, crime/violence intervention, gang
intervention, mentoring, tutoring, conflict resolution, counseling,
substance abuse intervention, job training assistance, support
services, focused activities, parental/family intervention, planning
and program development, training and technical assistance,
research/evaluation, capital improvements, and clearinghouses.\2 The
target groups included youth who were economically disadvantaged;
abused or neglected; drug or alcohol abusers; missing, exploited, or
abducted; runaways or homeless; school dropouts; victims of crime;
minorities; juvenile offenders; delinquents; or considered at-risk or
high-risk.\3 We defined "youth" to include children at least 5 years
old, adolescents, and young adults up to 24 years old.  Finally, we
included not only clearly established programs, but also funding
streams that supported specific youth-related activities, such as
demonstration projects, pilot projects, clearinghouses, research and
evaluation efforts, and other initiatives.\4

We did our work between February and October 1995 in accordance with
generally accepted government auditing standards. 


--------------------
\1 The term "at-risk" can have different meanings in different
contexts.  We are using the term in a broad sense to refer to youth
who, due to certain characteristics or experiences, are statistically
more likely than other youth to encounter certain problems--legal,
social, financial, educational, emotional, and health--in the future. 

\2 These services are defined in app.  I.  We also had a category for
"other" services. 

\3 We also had a category for "all youth," because some programs
claim not to target any particular youth subgroups, and a category
for "other" groups. 

\4 However, we excluded general public education, Aid to Families
With Dependent Children, Supplemental Security Income, and general
health programs (including Medicaid and nutrition) from our list of
programs because their purpose is not directly related to juvenile
delinquents or at-risk youth. 


   RESULTS IN BRIEF
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :1

The federal government currently has 131 programs, administered by 16
different departments and other agencies, that may be used to benefit
at-risk or delinquent youth.  For the programs on which we were able
to obtain funding data (109 programs, or 83 percent), total estimated
appropriations used for youth in fiscal year 1995 exceeded $4
billion. 

Many of the programs we identified were authorized to provide funding
for multiple services, ranging from counseling to job training
assistance to research and evaluation efforts.  For example, we found
that 23 percent of the programs could fund seven or more services. 
The services most commonly authorized were substance abuse
intervention and training and technical assistance (53 programs
each).  Many programs also had multiple target groups, ranging from
economically disadvantaged youth to abused/neglected youth to school
dropouts.  For example, 33 percent targeted three or more youth
groups.  The group most commonly targeted was all youth (35
programs). 

The current system of federal programs for at-risk or delinquent
youth creates the potential for overlap of services.  Our analysis
showed that, in many cases, it was possible for two or more programs
to provide similar services to the same target group.  While we
cannot be certain whether overlap is actually occurring, our analysis
raises questions about the overall efficiency of federal efforts to
assist at-risk and delinquent youth. 


   BACKGROUND
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :2

The social environment in which many youth live today has
substantially increased the likelihood that they will become
delinquent or experience other negative outcomes.  Consider, for
example, the following statistics: 

  About 20 percent of children in the United States live in poverty,
     and for minority children the percentage is about twice as high. 
     Moreover, poor teens are more than three times as likely as
     other teens to drop out of school. 

  While the high-school dropout rate has been declining over the past
     two decades, in 1993 it was still over 10 percent for all races
     combined, and over 27 percent for Hispanics. 

  The unemployment rate for youth is much higher than for adults. 
     From 1991 to 1994, the average unemployment rate among males 16
     to 24 years old was 14.3 percent, compared with 5.7 percent for
     those aged 25 and older.  During the same period, the average
     unemployment rate among females 16 to 24 years old was 12.3
     percent, compared with 5.3 percent for those aged 25 and older. 

  In 1992, child protective service agencies received an estimated
     1.9 million reports of child abuse and neglect.  In 41 percent
     of these reports, investigation found the maltreatment
     substantiated or indicated.  Furthermore, research indicates
     that being abused or neglected as a child increases the
     likelihood of arrest as a juvenile by 53 percent, and as an
     adult by 38 percent. 

  The United States has the highest teen alcohol- and drug-abuse rate
     of any industrialized nation.  While student use of alcohol and
     other drugs has declined since the early 1980s, a study found
     that in 1992 more than 75 percent of 12th graders reported using
     alcohol during the previous year, and almost 25 percent reported
     using marijuana. 

  Between 1988 and 1992, the juvenile arrest rate for violent crime
     increased 47 percent--more than twice the increase for people 18
     years of age and older.  In addition, the number of violent
     crimes committed against youth aged 12 to 17 increased 25
     percent.  In 1991, youth aged 12 to 23 were more likely to be
     victims of a violent crime than were people past their mid-20s. 
     In 1992, roughly 1 out of every 13 juveniles reported being a
     victim of a violent crime. 

While the Congress has established numerous programs to respond to
problems such as these, it has also begun to look closely at the
efficiency and effectiveness of federal programs in many areas to see
if improvements can be made.  For example, our past work on federal
employment training programs suggested that a major overhaul was
needed, in part because many such programs targeted the same clients,
shared the same goal, and provided similar services.\5


--------------------
\5 See Multiple Employment Training Programs:  Major Overhaul Needed
to Reduce Costs, Streamline the Bureaucracy, and Improve Results
(GAO/T-HEHS-95-53), Jan.  10, 1995. 


   PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :3


      FEDERAL APPROACH TO HELPING
      AT-RISK AND DELINQUENT YOUTH
      CONSISTS OF MANY PROGRAMS IN
      NUMEROUS AGENCIES
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :3.1

We identified 131 federal programs that serve at-risk or delinquent
youth.\6 Over 60 percent of these programs are administered by two
cabinet-level departments--Health and Human Services (58 programs)
and Justice (22 programs).  An additional eight departments, three
independent agencies, one federal commission, one presidential
council, and one "quasi-official" agency\7 administer at least one
program serving at-risk or delinquent youth.  (See table 1.)



                          Table 1
          
           Number of Federal Programs for At-Risk
               or Delinquent Youth, by Agency

Agency                                  Number of programs
--------------------------------------  ------------------
Department of Health and Human                          58
 Services
Department of Justice\                                22\a
Department of Education                                 10
Department of Labor                                    9\b
Department of Agriculture                              8\c
Department of Housing and Urban                          5
 Development
National Foundation on the Arts and                      4
 Humanities
Corporation for National and Community                   3
 Service
Department of Transportation                             3
Department of Defense                                    2
Department of the Interior                               2
Appalachian Regional Commission                        1\d
Department of the Treasury                               1
Environmental Protection Agency                          1
President's Crime Prevention Council                     1
State Justice Institute                                  1
==========================================================
Total                                                  131
----------------------------------------------------------
\a Includes one program jointly administered by the Departments of
Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Labor, and
Agriculture and the Corporation for National and Community Service. 

\b Includes one program jointly administered by the Department of
Education. 

\c Includes one program jointly administered by the Department of the
Interior and one program jointly administered by the Department of
Justice. 

\d Program jointly administered by the Department of Education. 


--------------------
\6 App.  II lists the names of all 131 programs, along with the
estimated amount of each program's federal appropriation dedicated
for youth in fiscal year 1995.  App.  III provides more detailed
descriptions of each program, including the administering office, the
same funding information presented in app.  II, legislative
authorization, program objective, services provided, and target
groups. 

\7 Quasi-official agencies are not executive-branch agencies, but are
required by statute to publish certain information about their
activities and programs in the Federal Register.  The quasi-official
agency in our analysis is the State Justice Institute. 


      ESTIMATED FISCAL YEAR 1995
      APPROPRIATIONS USED FOR
      YOUTH EXCEEDED $4 BILLION
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :3.2

The estimated total amount of federal appropriations dedicated to
at-risk and delinquent youth in fiscal year 1995 was over $4
billion.\8 This is a conservative estimate, however, because it is
based on information for 109 (83 percent) of the programs we
identified; for the remaining 22 programs, officials were unable to
estimate the portion of total appropriations that was dedicated to
youth.  Fifteen of the 109 programs reported using no appropriated
funds on youth in fiscal year 1995.\9 Of the 94 programs that
reported using some appropriated funds for youth, the estimated
amount ranged from $100,000 (for the Department of Agriculture's
Urban Tree House Research Program) to about $1.1 billion (for Job
Corps, administered by the Department of Labor); the median amount
used was $10 million.  About 31 percent of the programs estimated
using from $0.1 million to $4.9 million, while about 22 percent
estimated using $30 million or more (see fig.  1). 

   Figure 1:  Estimated Amount of
   Fiscal Year 1995 Appropriations
   Used to Serve At-Risk and
   Delinquent Youth

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

Note:  Analysis based on 94 programs that reported using some amount
of their FY 1995 appropriation on youth. 

Most of the programs we identified use one of two methods to
distribute federal funds:  project grants, in which funds are awarded
to state, local, or private service providers on a competitive or
discretionary basis, and formula grants, in which funds are
distributed on the basis of factors such as state population.  Of the
131 programs we identified, 50 percent used project grants to
disseminate funds and 28 percent used formula grants.\10


--------------------
\8 We present officials' estimates of the amount used for youth
services, rather than reporting the full appropriation for a program,
because some programs also serve individuals outside our defined age
range (5 to 24). 

\9 Some of these programs did not receive an appropriation in fiscal
year 1995; others had their appropriation rescinded. 

\10 As for the remaining 22 percent of programs, some used another
type of funding mechanism or a combination of mechanisms, some did
not disseminate funds, and for some we were unable to determine the
funding mechanism. 


      MOST PROGRAMS SUPPORT
      MULTIPLE SERVICES
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :3.3

In identifying programs serving at-risk or delinquent youth, we
focused on a total of 17 authorized services or activities, ranging
from various direct services to research and evaluation efforts to
capital improvement projects.  We found that many programs were
authorized to award grants for several different types of services
(see fig.  2).  While 13 percent of the programs were authorized to
fund a single type of service, about twice as many were authorized to
provide 4 to 6 different services, and about 14 percent could provide
funds for 10 or more services. 

   Figure 2:  Many Programs
   Authorized to Fund Multiple
   Services

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

The services most commonly authorized were substance abuse
intervention and training and technical assistance (53 programs
each), and the service least commonly authorized was capital
improvements (10 programs), as shown in figure 3. 

   Figure 3:  Many Programs Fund
   Similar Services

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

Note:  Forty-three programs were authorized to fund at least one
other type of service not listed above. 


      PROGRAMS OFTEN HAVE MORE
      THAN ONE TARGET GROUP
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :3.4

In identifying programs serving at-risk or delinquent youth, we also
focused on a total of 12 target groups, ranging from economically
disadvantaged youth to drug/alcohol abusers to school dropouts.  We
found that many programs target their services to several of these
youth groups (see fig.  4).  Our analysis showed that about half the
programs had just one target group and about half had two or more
target groups, including 12 percent with five or more target groups. 

   Figure 4:  Many Programs Have
   Multiple Target Groups

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

The group most commonly targeted among the programs we identified was
all youth (35 programs), while the group targeted by the fewest
programs was missing/exploited/abducted youth (2 programs), as shown
in figure 5. 

   Figure 5:  Many Programs Have
   Similar Target Groups

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

Note:  Forty-three programs had at least one target group not listed
above. 


      POTENTIAL FOR PROGRAM
      OVERLAP
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :3.5

The federal system for providing services to at-risk and delinquent
youth clearly creates the potential for program overlap.  We
identified numerous instances in which two or more programs could be
funding the same service to the same target group (see table 2, pp. 
12 and 13).  For example, we found 17 programs targeting
at-risk/high-risk youth that were authorized to fund counseling
services.  Similarly, we found 14 programs targeting juvenile
offenders that could fund substance abuse intervention.  With 17
services and 12 target groups in our analysis, 204
service/target-group combinations are possible.  We found 117
instances in which 6 or more programs had the same service/target
group combination, including 54 instances involving 10 or more
programs. 



                                                                       Table 2
                                                       
                                                          Number of Programs That Could Fund
                                                         Similar Services for the Same Target
                                                                        Groups


                                   At-
                                 risk/                       Economically                              Missing/
               Abused/   All     high-               Drug/                                           exploited/   Runaways/
              neglecte  yout      risk  Delinque   alcohol  disadvantaged    Juvenile                  abducted    homeless      School    Victims of
Services       d youth     h     youth       nts   abusers          youth   offenders  Minorities         youth       youth    dropouts         crime
------------  --------  ----  --------  --------  --------  -------------  ----------  ----------  ------------  ----------  ----------  ------------
Capital              0     2         3         1         1              5           2           0             0           2           3             1
 improvements
Clearinghous         4     6         3         1         3              0           2           2             1           1           0             2
 es
Conflict             4    11        16         8         6              9           8           5             1           4           5             4
 resolution
Counseling           9     9        17        10         6             17          10           8             1           8           7             8
Crime/               6    13        16         8        13             11          10           6             2           7           4             4
 violence
 interventio
 n
Focused              3    11        17         6         6              9           6           5             0           4           3             3
 activities
Gang                 3     9        12         7         6              5           6           4             1           3           2             4
 intervention
Job training         2     8        12         7         4             23           8           7             1           6           8             3
 assistance
Mentoring            4    10        18         8         6             15           9           5             1           5           7             3
Parental/           14    14        15         6         9              9           9          10             1           8           4             4
 family
 interventio
 n
Planning and         6    11        11         4         4              3           5           7             0           2           1             5
 program
 development
Research/           12    14         8         4         6              5           7           8             1           6           3             5
 evaluation
Self-                7    10        17        10         5             22          10           3             1           5           7             3
 sufficiency
 skills
Substance            8    15        17         8        25             13          14          13             1          12           6             4
 abuse
 interventio
 n
Support             10     8        13         7         5             15           7          10             1           9           3             6
 services
Training and        11    17        20         8        16             10           9          11             2          10           5             7
 technical
 assistance
Tutoring             5    11        18         9         6             15          10           4             1           6           8             3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This analysis, however, must be interpreted cautiously for several
reasons.  First, because two programs cover the same
service/target-group combination does not necessarily mean that both
programs actually do provide that particular service to that target
group.  As noted earlier, most programs can fund multiple services
and many have multiple target groups, but in a given year a program
might focus its efforts on a subset of those services and target
groups.  Thus, two programs that are authorized to fund the same
service and that share the same target group might actually provide
the same service to different groups, different services to the same
group, or different services to different groups. 

Second, our approach combines programs with widely differing scopes
and objectives.  For example, we did not distinguish between programs
that give formula grants to all states and agency efforts that
support a small number of service demonstration projects.  In
addition, this analysis treats all minorities as a single target
group, whereas two programs serving minorities might actually target
youth from different racial/ethnic groups.  Moreover, our analysis
does not take into account other important factors, such as the age
range of the youth served or the geographical location where the
services are provided.  Further, this analysis cannot help determine
whether a particular individual is receiving the same service from
more than one program.  Finally, we have not included the "other"
categories for services and target groups in our analysis. 

Therefore, without a more detailed review of the individual programs
we identified, it is impossible to say for certain whether or to what
extent program overlap is occurring; table 2 merely demonstrates some
of the ways in which overlap may be taking place. 


   CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :4

The federal response to the problems of delinquent and at-risk youth
is currently manifested in 131 separate programs administered by 16
departments and other agencies.  Many of the programs are authorized
to fund multiple services and are targeted toward multiple youth
groups, creating the potential for program overlap and duplication of
services. 

On one hand, the current system may be appropriate for responding to
the needs of delinquent and at-risk youth.  To the extent that many
factors are associated with becoming at-risk or delinquent, and to
the extent that youth may be at risk of numerous negative outcomes,
the current set of programs may be appropriate for dealing with a
wide range of service needs.  This arrangement may also provide
state, local, and other service providers with a substantial degree
of flexibility in making service decisions based on the particular
needs of their primary target groups. 

On the other hand, the current system raises questions concerning
efficiency.  Our work suggests that efficiencies might be gained by
having a smaller number of consolidated programs for at-risk or
delinquent youth.  For example, it would probably be more efficient
to have one program covering a service/target-group combination,
administered by a single federal office, than several programs
administered by several different offices.\11 However, deciding what,
if anything, should be done to reform the system would require
consideration of how individual programs currently operate, with
special attention to how consolidation could reduce overall
administrative costs.  It would also require careful thought about
what such a system should look like and how it should function,
including its scope, design, goals, strategies, and so forth. 


--------------------
\11 In fact, some of the programs we identified that provide
employment training are currently targeted for consolidation under
legislation passed by the Congress.  See H.R.  1617 and S.  143. 


   AGENCY COMMENTS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :5

The information presented in this report was reviewed by officials
from all the departments and agencies that operate the programs we
identified.  They generally verified that our information was
accurate, although we have made minor modifications to the report
where appropriate. 


---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :5.1

We are sending copies of this report to the agencies responsible for
administering the programs we reviewed and to other interested
parties.  If you or your staff have any questions concerning this
report, please call me at (202) 512-7014.  Other GAO contacts and
contributors to this report are listed in appendix IV. 

Cornelia M.  Blanchette
Associate Director, Education
 and Employment Issues


DEFINITIONS OF PROGRAM SERVICES
=========================================================== Appendix I

In our review, we focused on 17 types of services or activities that
programs could potentially provide to at-risk or delinquent youth. 
We used the following definitions for these services: 

Capital Improvements.  Funding for the purchase of property,
facilities, and equipment used in helping youth. 

Clearinghouses.  Gathering and disseminating research and other
information on youth. 

Conflict Resolution.  Assistance to individuals or groups in learning
the principles of nonviolent solutions to disputes, or providing
trained leaders to work with individuals or groups seeking nonviolent
solutions to disputes. 

Counseling.  Youth counseling services to help resolve problems or
difficulties stemming from emotional problems, home or family
conflicts, and interpersonal relationships. 

Crime/Violence Intervention.  Activities to reduce violence and crime
perpetrated by or against youth (except for gang violence). 

Focused Activities.  Activities for preventing juvenile delinquency
by offering positive, alternative ways for youth to spend their time,
such as recreation and sports. 

Gang Intervention.  Activities to help individuals, groups, or
communities deter youth from joining gangs, encourage youth to leave
gangs, or reduce gang violence. 

Job Training Assistance.  Activities focusing on helping youth
prepare for or find jobs.  Job search assistance includes providing
instructions on job-seeking techniques, preparing a job-search plan,
obtaining labor market information, and increasing motivation and
self-confidence.  Job placement assistance includes identifying job
openings in the public or private sector and referring individuals to
employers with such openings.  On-the-job training is training
provided to an employee in occupational or other skills essential to
performing a specific job or group of jobs.  Such training is
generally used for entry-level employment and skill upgrades. 

Mentoring.  Using adult role models to assist youth in career or
educational planning, and to provide encouragement and motivation. 

Parental/Family Intervention.  Improving parenting skills and
communication within families, or otherwise promoting positive family
and home life.  We include in this category programs on youth
pregnancy, youth parenting, and child abuse. 

Planning and Program Development.  Funding for planning and
development activities related to youth programs. 

Research/Evaluation.  Studies relating to innovative approaches for
planning and implementing youth programs, or evaluation of the
effectiveness of such programs. 

Self-Sufficiency Skills.  Individual or group training in life skills
(such as caring for a home, reading a bus schedule, and using a
checking account) and remedial or basic skills training in academic
subjects (such as math or English, English as a second language, and
literacy training). 

Substance Abuse Intervention.  Services for drug and alcohol abusers,
including both prevention and treatment. 

Support Services.  Assistance to individuals in overcoming barriers
to participating in programs for at-risk and delinquent youth. 
Examples may include subsidizing the cost of child care or
transportation, or providing financial support or reimbursement for
medical expenses incurred by an individual or the individual's
family, thereby facilitating program participation. 

Training and Technical Assistance.  Training and technical assistance
to people responsible for program management or service delivery. 
This could include information dissemination on youth programs. 

Tutoring.  Assistance to individuals or groups in mastering academic
subjects, such as reading or math, including help with homework or
school projects. 


LIST OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS FOR
AT-RISK OR DELINQUENT YOUTH
========================================================== Appendix II

Table II.1 lists the 131 programs we identified as serving at-risk or
delinquent youth.  We also provide information on the estimated
amount of each program's federal appropriation dedicated toward youth
in fiscal year 1995. 



                         Table II.1
          
              Federal Programs for At-Risk or
                Delinquent Youth, by Agency

                                              Funding used
                                                 for youth
Agency and program                          during FY 1995
------------------------------------------  --------------
Appalachian Regional Commission (1)
----------------------------------------------------------
Area Development Program\a                            $0.7
==========================================================
Subtotal                                               0.7

Corporation for National and Community Service (3)
----------------------------------------------------------
Foster Grandparent Program                            67.8
Retired and Senior Volunteer Program                  35.7
 (RSVP)
Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA)              13.7
==========================================================
Subtotal                                             117.2

Department of Agriculture (8)
----------------------------------------------------------
4-H Youth Development Education--                     63.0
 Cooperative Extension System
Children, Youth, and Families at Risk                 10.0
 Initiative--Cooperative Extension System
Children, Youth and Family Education                   N/A
 Research Network (CYFERNET)
Commencement 2000                                      0.1
Food Stamp Employment and Training Program             N/A
Partnerships Against Violence Network                  N/A
 (PAVNET)\b
Urban Tree House Research Program                      0.1
Youth Conservation Corps\c                             3.0
==========================================================
Subtotal                                              76.2

Department of Defense (2)
----------------------------------------------------------
Child Development and Youth Programs--                 8.0
 "At-Risk" Youth Program
Community Outreach Pilot Program                       8.0
==========================================================
Subtotal                                              16.0

Department of Education (10)
----------------------------------------------------------
Civic Education Program                                4.5
Drug Free Schools and Communities--                   25.0
 National Programs
Education for Homeless Children and Youth             28.8
Family and Community Endeavor Schools                  0.0
 Grant Program
Safe and Drug Free Schools, Part A,                  441.0
 Subpart 1, State Grants for Drug and
 Violence Prevention
School Dropout Demonstration Assistance               12.0
 Program
Talent Search                                         78.4
Title I Program for Neglected and                     39.3
 Delinquent Children
Upward Bound                                         172.0
Vocational Education--Community Based                  0.0
 Organizations
==========================================================
Subtotal                                             801.0

Department of Health and Human Services (58)
----------------------------------------------------------
Adolescent Family Life Demonstration and               6.7
 Research Grants
Capacity Expansion Program                             1.2
Center for Substance Abuse Prevention--                2.3
 Public Education/Dissemination
Child Abuse and Neglect State Grants                  22.9
Child Abuse Discretionary Program                     15.4
Child and Adolescent Service System                   12.1
 Program
Child Welfare Services                               292.0
Children's Justice Grant Program                       0.0
Community Economic Development                         N/A
Community Health Centers                               N/A
Community Prevention Coalitions                        N/A
 Demonstration Grant Program
Community Schools Youth Services and                  10.0
 Supervision Program
Community Services Block Grant                         N/A
Comprehensive Community Treatment Program              0.6
Cooperative Agreements for Addiction                   1.8
 Treatment and Recovery Systems in Target
 Cities
Demonstration Grant Program for Model                  8.0
 Comprehensive Treatment for Critical
 Populations
Demonstration Grant Program for                        2.0
 Residential Treatment for Women and Their
 Children
Demonstration Partnership Program                      0.0
Demonstration Programs for High Risk Youth            65.2
Drug Abuse Prevention for Runaway and                 14.5
 Homeless Youth
Emergency Community Services Homeless                  N/A
 Grant Program
Family and Community Violence Prevention               5.9
 Program
Family Preservation and Support Services             150.0
Family Support Center and Gateway                      7.3
 Demonstration Programs
Family Violence Prevention and Services                N/A
Grants for Comprehensive Community Mental             30.0
 Health Services for Children and
 Adolescents With Serious Emotional
 Disturbances
Health Care for the Homeless Program                   N/A
Health Services for Residents of Public                9.5
 Housing
Homeless Demonstrations                                0.0
Independent Living Program                            70.0
Indian Child and Adolescent Mental Health             18.0
 Prevention and Treatment Services
Indian Child Protection and Child Abuse                1.3
 Prevention Demonstration Projects
Indian Health Service--Alcohol and                    66.1
 Substance Abuse Programs
Indian Health Service Research Grants                  0.0
Indian Youth Grant Program                             0.5
Injury Prevention and Control Research and            22.2
 State Grant Projects
Job Opportunities and Basic Skills                     N/A
 Training (JOBS)
Job Opportunities for Low-Income                       N/A
 Individuals (JOLI)
Maternal and Child Health Block Grant                  N/A
 Services Program
Maternal and Child Health Block Grant                  3.4
 Services Program--Special Projects of
 Regional and National Significance
 (SPRANS)
Mental Health Block Grant                              N/A
Migrant Health Centers                                 N/A
Model Criminal Justice Drug Abuse                     15.8
 Treatment for Incarcerated Populations,
 Non-Incarcerated Populations, and
 Juvenile Justice Populations
National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and               20.3
 Alcoholism (NIAAA)--Research Programs
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)--              6.0
 Research Programs
National Institute of Mental Health--                  7.2
 Research Programs
National Youth Sports Program                         12.0
Native American Programs                               N/A
Pregnant and Postpartum Women and Infants              7.2
 Demonstration Projects
Projects for Assistance in Transition From             N/A
 Homelessness
Runaway and Homeless Youth Programs--                 40.5
 Basic Centers
Service Grant Program for Residential                  1.3
 Treatment for Pregnant and Postpartum
 Women
Social Services Block Grant                            N/A
Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment               N/A
 Block Grant
Transitional Living Program for Homeless              13.7
 Youth
Urban Indian Health Program                            5.8
Youth Initiatives/Youth Gangs                         10.5
Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System                1.4
==========================================================
Subtotal                                             980.6

Department of Housing and Urban Development (5)
----------------------------------------------------------
4-H After-School Program/Demonstration                 3.5
Youth Apprenticeship                                   0.4
Youth Development Initiative                          10.0
Youth Sports/Public and Indian Housing                13.9
 Drug Elimination Program
Youthbuild                                            78.0
==========================================================
Subtotal                                             105.8

Department of the Interior (2)
----------------------------------------------------------
Indian Child Welfare Act (Title II Grants)            23.8
Indian Child Welfare Assistance (Foster              105.0
 Care)
==========================================================
Subtotal                                             128.8

Department of Justice (22)
----------------------------------------------------------
Boot Camps, Part H                                     0.0
Children's Justice Act Discretionary                   0.0
 Grants for Native American Indian Tribes
Community Outreach Program                             0.3
Community Relations Service Initiatives               10.0
Crime Victim Assistance/Discretionary                  0.0
 Grants
Crime Victim Assistance Formula Grant                  0.0
 Program
Crime Victim Compensation Formula Grant                0.0
 Program
Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law             28.8
 Enforcement Assistance Programs--
 Discretionary Grant
Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law             48.5
 Enforcement Assistance Programs--Formula
 Grant
Gang-Free Schools and Communities--                   10.0
 Community-Based Gang Intervention
Justice Research, Development, and                     4.8
 Evaluation Project Grants
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency                      70.0
 Prevention--Allocation to States (State
 Formula Grants) Part B
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency                       4.0
 Prevention--Juvenile Mentoring, Part G
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency                      25.0
 Prevention National Programs--
 Discretionary Grants, Part C
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency                      10.0
 Prevention--State Challenge Activities,
 Part E
Missing and Exploited Children Program                 6.7
 (Title IV)
Public Education on Drug Abuse                         0.7
Title II: Part A--Concentration of Federal             0.2
 Efforts
Title V--Incentive Grants for Local                   20.0
 Delinquency Prevention Programs
Treatment for Juvenile Offenders Who Are               0.0
 Victims of Child Abuse or Neglect, Part F
Victims of Child Abuse                                11.2
Weed and Seed Program Fund\d                           N/A
==========================================================
Subtotal                                             250.2

Department of Labor (9)
----------------------------------------------------------
Job Training for the Homeless                          0.0
 Demonstration Program
Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA)--Job           1,099.5
 Corps
JTPA Title II-B--Summer Youth Employment               0.0
 and Training
JTPA Title II-C--Year-Round Youth Program            126.7
Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Programs               N/A
Native American Programs                               N/A
School to Work Opportunities\a                       245.0
Targeted Jobs Tax Credit Program                      10.3
Youth Fair Chance                                      0.0
==========================================================
Subtotal                                           1,481.5

Department of Transportation (3)
----------------------------------------------------------
Alcohol Traffic Safety and Drunk Driving               5.1
 Prevention Incentive Grants
State and Community Highway Safety                    15.6
Youth Impaired Driving Projects                        1.4
==========================================================
Subtotal                                              22.1

Department of the Treasury (1)
----------------------------------------------------------
Gang Resistance Education and Training                16.2
 Projects
==========================================================
Subtotal                                              16.2

Environmental Protection Agency (1)
----------------------------------------------------------
Environmental Education Grants                         2.9
==========================================================
Subtotal                                               2.9

National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities (4)
----------------------------------------------------------
Promotion of the Arts--Arts for Youth                  0.4
Promotion of the Arts--Arts in Education-              5.8
 -Art Corps
Promotion of the Arts--Expansion Arts--                0.3
 Arts Education Initiative
Promotion of the Arts--State and Regional              2.7
 Program
==========================================================
Subtotal                                               9.2

President's Crime Prevention Council (1)
----------------------------------------------------------
President's Crime Prevention Council                   1.5
==========================================================
Subtotal                                               1.5

State Justice Institute (1)
----------------------------------------------------------
State Justice Institute                                1.5
==========================================================
Subtotal                                               1.5
==========================================================
Total                                             $4,011.4
----------------------------------------------------------
Note:  N/A = funding data not available. 

\a Administered jointly with the Department of Education. 

\b Administered jointly with the Department of Justice. 

\c Administered jointly with the Department of the Interior. 

\d Administered jointly with the Departments of Health and Human
Services, Housing and Urban Development, Labor, and Agriculture and
the Corporation for National and Community Service. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS
FOR AT-RISK OR DELINQUENT YOUTH
========================================================= Appendix III

In this appendix, we briefly describe the 131 federal programs that
we identified as serving at-risk or delinquent youth.  We provide
information on each program's administering office, estimated amount
of fiscal year 1995 appropriation used for youth services,
legislative authorization, objectives, services provided, and target
groups.  The order in which we list services and target groups does
not reflect program priorities.  The programs are listed
alphabetically, by the agencies that administer them. 


   APPALACHIAN REGIONAL COMMISSION
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:1


      AREA DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:1.1

Administered by:  Appalachian Regional Commission (in conjunction
with the Department of Education). 

Federal funding for youth:  $722,030. 

Legislative authorization:  Appalachian Regional Development Act of
1965, sections 211, 214, 302, Public Law 89-4, Mar.  9, 1965, as
amended (40 App U.S.C.  211, 214, and 302). 

Objective:  To assist in the expansion and improvement of educational
opportunities and services for the people of the region, as well as
to provide technical assistance and research and demonstration
projects that further the purpose of this act. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, job training assistance,
capital improvements, general health care, leadership training, and
community service projects. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged, at-risk/high-risk youth,
and school dropouts. 


   CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND
   COMMUNITY SERVICE
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:2


      FOSTER GRANDPARENT PROGRAM
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:2.1

Administered by:  National Senior Service Corps. 

Federal funding for youth:  $67.8 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973,
title II, part B, section 211, Public Law 93-113, Oct.  1, 1973, as
amended (42 U.S.C.  5011). 

Objective:  To provide foster grandparents to work with children who
have drug abuse problems as well as those who are at risk of abusing
drugs.  Volunteers are placed through existing drug prevention
programs and help children with special needs, including those who
are neglected or abused.  During fiscal years 1993 and 1994, special
emphasis was placed on working with terminally ill children, juvenile
delinquents, pregnant teenagers, and boarder babies as well as on
literacy enhancement for runaway youth. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, mentoring, tutoring, and
parental/family intervention. 

Target groups:  At-risk/high-risk youth, abused/neglected, and
juvenile offenders. 


      RETIRED AND SENIOR VOLUNTEER
      PROGRAM (RSVP)
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:2.2

Administered by:  National Senior Service Corps. 

Federal funding for youth:  $35.7 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973,
title II, part A, section 201, Public Law 93-113, Oct.  1, 1973, as
amended (42 U.S.C.  5001). 

Objective:  To provide children and adults a creative way to share
with each other through intergenerational activities.  For example,
volunteers (aged 55 or older) participated in a range of community
drug prevention activities, such as crisis hotlines, counseling,
school dropout prevention programs, and "Just Say No" programs. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, crime/violence
prevention, gang intervention, mentoring, tutoring, conflict
resolution, counseling, substance abuse intervention, job training
assistance, support services, parental/family intervention, and
training and technical assistance. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged; at-risk/high-risk youth;
abused/neglected; drug/alcohol abusers; missing/exploited/abducted;
delinquents; juvenile offenders; runaways/the homeless; school
dropouts; victims of crime; Native Americans; and persons with
special needs, such as physical or mental disabilities. 


      VOLUNTEERS IN SERVICE TO
      AMERICA (VISTA)
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:2.3

Administered by:  Americorps*VISTA. 

Federal funding for youth:  $13.7 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973,
title I, part A, sections 103 and 109, Public Law 93-113, Oct.  1,
1973, as amended (42 U.S.C.  4953, 4959). 

Objective:  To combat poverty and poverty-related issues in urban and
rural areas.  For example, volunteers helped communities establish
and expand drug prevention projects in schools, organize support
groups for low-income parents to address substance abuse issues, and
develop community service activities for youth as alternatives to
drug use.  During fiscal year 1995, issues concerning hunger,
homelessness, illiteracy, drug abuse, and unemployment received
special emphasis. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, crime/violence
intervention, mentoring, tutoring, conflict resolution, counseling,
substance abuse intervention, job training assistance, focused
activities, parental/family intervention, and training and technical
assistance. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged, at-risk/high-risk youth,
abused/neglected, drug/alcohol abusers, delinquents, juvenile
offenders, runaways/the homeless, school dropouts, victims of crime,
and pregnant teens. 


   DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:3


      4-H YOUTH DEVELOPMENT
      EDUCATION--COOPERATIVE
      EXTENSION SYSTEM
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:3.1

Administered by:  Cooperative State Research, Education, and
Extension Service. 

Federal funding for youth:  $63 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Smith-Lever Act, section 2, as amended (7
U.S.C.  342). 

Objective:  To develop youth potential by assisting them in acquiring
knowledge, developing life skills, and forming attitudes that enable
them to become self-directing, productive, and contributing members
of society. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, mentoring, tutoring,
conflict resolution, counseling, and focused activities. 

Target groups:  All youth aged 5 to 19. 


      CHILDREN, YOUTH, AND
      FAMILIES AT RISK
      INITIATIVE--COOPERATIVE
      EXTENSION SYSTEM
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:3.2

Administered by:  Cooperative State Research, Education, and
Extension Service. 

Federal funding for youth:  $10 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Smith-Lever Act, section 2, as amended (7
U.S.C.  342). 

Objective:  To ensure that (1) communities provide safe, secure
environments for families with children; (2) families promote
positive, productive, and contributing lives for all family members;
(3) parents take primary responsibility for meeting their children's
physical, social, emotional, and intellectual needs and provide moral
guidance and direction; (4) youth demonstrate knowledge, skills,
attitudes, and behavior necessary for fulfilling, contributing lives;
(5) babies are born healthy; and (6) children have their basic
physical, social, emotional, and intellectual needs met. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, crime/violence
intervention, mentoring, tutoring, conflict resolution, counseling,
job training assistance, support services, focused activities,
parental/family intervention, planning and program development,
training and technical assistance, and research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  At-risk/high-risk youth. 


      CHILDREN, YOUTH AND FAMILY
      EDUCATION RESEARCH NETWORK
      (CYFERNET)
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:3.3

Administered by:  National Agricultural Library. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  According to
agency officials, the program has no steady funding stream. 

Legislative authorization:  Food and Agriculture Act of 1977, title
XIV, section 1410A, Public Law 95-113, as amended (added by Food,
Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act of 1990, title XVI, sec. 
1606(a), P.L.  101-624, Nov.  28, 1990) (7 U.S.C.  3125a). 

Objective:  To provide state, community, and volunteer staff with
electronic access to training, curriculum, consultation, and research
information.  CYFERNET links 80 percent of U.S.  counties with
national networks on child care, collaborations, science and
technology, and family resiliency. 

Services provided:  Clearinghouse. 

Target groups:  All youth. 


      COMMENCEMENT 2000
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:3.4

Administered by:  Forest Service. 

Federal funding for youth:  $104,000. 

Legislative authorization:  Forest Service Cooperative Agreements
Act, section 1, Public Law 94-148, Dec.  12, 1975, as amended (16
U.S.C.  565a-1). 

Objective:  To inform and educate children in particular schools
about natural resources and foster interest in pursuing study and
careers in natural resources, particularly among Hispanic,
African-American, Asian-American, and Native American students. 
(This is a pilot initiative limited to the West Coast.)

Services provided:  Informational, educational, and experiential
services. 

Target groups:  Minority students in kindergarten through 12th grade. 


      FOOD STAMP EMPLOYMENT AND
      TRAINING PROGRAM
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:3.5

Administered by:  Food and Nutrition Service. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Agency officials
could not determine the portion of funds spent on youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Food Stamp Act of 1977, section 6(d)(4),
Public Law 95-113, Aug.  31, 1964, as amended (7 U.S.C.  2015(d)(4)). 

Objective:  To improve Food Stamp recipients' ability to gain
employment, increase earnings, and reduce their dependency on public
assistance. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills and job training
assistance. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged. 


      PARTNERSHIPS AGAINST
      VIOLENCE NETWORK (PAVNET)
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:3.6

Administered by:  National Agricultural Library (in conjunction with
the Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs). 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Agency officials
could not separate funds dedicated for youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Food and Agriculture Act of 1977, title
XIV, section 1410A, Public Law 95-113, as amended (added by Food,
Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act of 1990, title XVI, sec. 
1606(a), P.L.  101-624, Nov.  28, 1990) (7 U.S.C.  3125a); Omnibus
Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, section 102 (added by
Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984, title II, sec.  603(a)(4),
P.L.  98-473, Oct.  12, 1984) (42 U.S.C.  3712(a)(4)). 

Objective:  To provide a link via Internet between federal, state,
local, and private organizations and services and information on
community violence and youth at risk. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence intervention, substance abuse
intervention, training and technical assistance, and clearinghouses. 

Target groups:  All youth, at-risk/high-risk youth, abused/neglected,
and drug/alcohol abusers. 


      URBAN TREE HOUSE RESEARCH
      PROGRAM
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:3.7

Administered by:  Forest Service. 

Federal funding for youth:  $100,000. 

Legislative authorization:  Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources
Research Act of 1978, sections 3-7, Public Law 95-307, as amended (16
U.S.C.  1641-46). 

Objective:  To better understand effective techniques for conveying
information about forestry concepts and careers to inner-city
children of all ages. 

Services provided:  Research/evaluation and educational services. 

Target groups:  All youth and inner-city youth. 


      YOUTH CONSERVATION CORPS
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:3.8

Administered by:  Forest Service (in conjunction with the Department
of the Interior, U.S.  Fish and Wildlife Service and National Park
Service). 

Federal funding for youth:  $3 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Youth Conservation Corps Act of 1970,
sections 1-6, Public Law 91-378, as amended (16 U.S.C.  1701-6). 

Objective:  To provide 15- to 18-year-olds summer employment and
foster an appreciation/understanding of the country's natural
environment and heritage. 

Services provided:  Job training assistance and focused activities. 

Target groups:  All youth 15 to 18 years of age. 


   DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:4


      CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND YOUTH
      PROGRAMS--"AT-RISK" YOUTH
      PROGRAM
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:4.1

Administered by:  Office of Family Policy, Support and Services. 

Federal funding for youth:  $8 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act,
title I, sections 101-14, Public Law 93-247, Jan.  31, 1974, as
amended (42 U.S.C.  5101-6h); Public Law 87-651, title II, section
201(a), Sept.  7, 1962, as amended (10 U.S.C.  125); Public Law
91-511, title VI, section 613(1), Oct.  26, 1970, as amended (10
U.S.C.  2683). 

Objective:  To expand services to youth to include prevention-focused
programs that address the complicated social/emotional and mental
health needs of youth.  Programs target preadolescents, adolescents,
and their parents.  Also included are outreach programs for
adolescents and mental and social services for at-risk youth that
focus on prevention of delinquency, violence, gang involvement, and
substance abuse. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence intervention, gang intervention,
counseling, substance abuse intervention, support services, and
parental/family intervention. 

Target groups:  At-risk/high-risk youth and active duty military
personnel dependents, aged 18 and under. 


      COMMUNITY OUTREACH PILOT
      PROGRAM
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:4.2

Administered by:  Drug Enforcement Policy and Support. 

Federal funding for youth:  $8 million.  Agency officials informed us
that this program had been authorized to operate for 3 years and
expired on October 22, 1995. 

Legislative authorization:  National Defense Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 1993, section 1045, Public Law 102-484, Oct.  23, 1992
(10 U.S.C.  410 note). 

Objective:  To establish pilot community outreach programs to reduce
the demand for illegal drugs (12 programs were selected). 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, mentoring, tutoring,
substance abuse intervention, focused activities, adopt-a-school
programs at military installations, and summer camps. 

Target groups:  At-risk/high-risk youth, drug/alcohol abusers,
inner-city youth, and youth aged 4 through 19. 


   DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:5


      CIVIC EDUCATION PROGRAM
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:5.1

Administered by:  Office of Elementary and Secondary Education,
School Improvement Programs. 

Federal funding for youth:  $4.5 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Elementary and Secondary Education Act of
1965, title X, part F, sections 10601-3 (added by Improving America's
Schools Act of 1994, title I, P.L.  103-382, Oct.  20, 1994) (20
U.S.C.  8141-43). 

Objective:  To teach students in kindergarten through 12th grade and
adults about the legal system and its underlying principles and
values.  Many projects promote personal responsibility and engage
students in community services.  Examples of funded projects include
(1) a project designed to provide law-related education to
administrators, teachers, and students in a single school district
and (2) a project for a local school district to institutionalize a
model intercity law-related education program for students in
kindergarten through 12th grade.  (This program was formerly known as
Law Related Education.)

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, crime/violence
intervention, gang intervention, mentoring, tutoring, conflict
resolution, counseling, support services, planning and program
development, training and technical assistance, and
research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  All youth, at-risk/high-risk youth, delinquents, and
juvenile offenders. 


      DRUG FREE SCHOOLS AND
      COMMUNITIES--NATIONAL
      PROGRAMS
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:5.2

Administered by:  Office of Elementary and Secondary Education. 

Federal funding for youth:  $25 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Elementary and Secondary Education Act of
1965, title IV, part A, subpart 2, sections 4121-3 (added by
Improving America's Schools Act of 1994, title I, P.L.  103-382, Oct. 
20, 1994) (20 U.S.C.  7131-3). 

Objective:  To provide assistance to eligible applicants to support
drug and violence education and prevention. 

Services provided:  Substance abuse intervention. 

Target groups:  All youth, prekindergarten through college age. 


      EDUCATION FOR HOMELESS
      CHILDREN AND YOUTH
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:5.3

Administered by:  Office of Elementary and Secondary Education,
Compensatory Education Programs. 

Federal funding for youth:  $28.8 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Stewart B.  McKinney Homeless Assistance
Act of 1987, sections 721-6, as amended and reauthorized by Improving
America's Schools Act of 1994, title III, section 323, Public Law
103-382 (42 U.S.C.  11431-6). 

Objective:  To ensure that homeless children and youth in each
participating state have equal access to the same free, appropriate
public education; to ensure that homeless children and youth have
access to the education and other services they need to meet the same
challenging state student performance standards to which all students
are held; to establish or designate an office in each state, as
provided to other children and youth, for the coordination of
education for homeless children and youth; to develop and implement
programs for school personnel to heighten awareness of specific
problems of homeless children and youth; and to provide grants to
local educational agencies. 

Services provided:  Tutoring, counseling, and support services. 

Target groups:  Runaways/the homeless. 


      FAMILY AND COMMUNITY
      ENDEAVOR SCHOOLS GRANT
      PROGRAM
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:5.4

Administered by:  Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, Safe
and Drug-Free Schools. 

Federal funding for youth:  $0.  Appropriation rescinded. 

Legislative authorization:  Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement
Act of 1994, title III, subtitle D, sections 30402-3, Public Law
103-322, Sept.  13, 1994 (42 U.S.C.  13792-3). 

Objective:  To improve the overall academic and social development of
at-risk children who reside in communities with significant levels of
poverty, violent crime, and juvenile delinquency. 

Services provided:  Mentoring, tutoring, conflict resolution,
counseling, focused activities, parental/family intervention,
planning and program development, and training and technical
assistance. 

Target groups:  At-risk/high-risk youth. 


      SAFE AND DRUG FREE SCHOOLS,
      PART A, SUBPART 1, STATE
      GRANTS FOR DRUG AND VIOLENCE
      PREVENTION
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:5.5

Administered by:  Office of Elementary and Secondary Education. 

Federal funding for youth:  $441 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Elementary and Secondary Education Act of
1965, title IV, part A, subpart 1, sections 4011-18 (added by
Improving America's Schools Act of 1994, title I, P.L.  103-382, Oct. 
20, 1994) (20 U.S.C.  7111-18). 

Objective:  To support programs to meet the Seventh National
Education Goal by preventing violence in and around schools; by
strengthening programs that prevent the illegal use of alcohol,
tobacco, and drugs; and by involving parents.  Programs are
coordinated with related federal, state, and community efforts and
resources. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence intervention, gang intervention,
mentoring, tutoring, conflict resolution, counseling, substance abuse
intervention, focused activities, parental/family intervention,
planning and program development, training and technical assistance,
research/evaluation, and capital improvements. 

Target groups:  All youth. 


      SCHOOL DROPOUT DEMONSTRATION
      ASSISTANCE PROGRAM
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:5.6

Administered by:  Office of Elementary and Secondary Education,
School Improvement Programs. 

Federal funding for youth:  $12 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Elementary and Secondary Act of 1965,
title V, part C, sections 5301-8 (added by Improving America's
Schools Act of 1994, title I, P.L.  103-382, Oct.  20, 1994) (20
U.S.C.  7261-68). 

Objective:  To provide federal financial assistance to demonstrate
effective programs to reduce the number of children who do not
complete elementary and secondary education. 

Services provided:  Mentoring, tutoring, conflict resolution,
counseling, parental/family intervention, and training and technical
assistance. 

Target groups:  All youth, at-risk/high-risk youth, and school
dropouts. 


      TALENT SEARCH
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:5.7

Administered by:  Office of Postsecondary Education. 

Federal funding for youth:  $78.4 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Higher Education Act of 1965, title IV,
part A, subpart 2, section 402B (added by Higher Education Amendments
of 1992, title IV, P.L.  102-325, July 23, 1992 (20 U.S.C. 
1070a-12). 

Objective:  To identify disadvantaged youths with potential for
postsecondary education, encourage them in continuing in and
graduating from secondary school and in enrolling in programs of
postsecondary education, publicize the availability of student
financial aid, and increase the number of secondary and postsecondary
school dropouts who reenter an educational program. 

Services provided:  Mentoring, tutoring, and counseling. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged. 


      TITLE I PROGRAM FOR
      NEGLECTED AND DELINQUENT
      CHILDREN
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:5.8

Administered by:  Office of Elementary and Secondary Education. 

Federal funding for youth:  $39.3 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Elementary and Secondary Education Act of
1965, title I, part D, sections 1411-18 (added by Improving America's
Schools Act of 1994, title I, P.L.  103-382, Oct.  20, 1994) (20
U.S.C.  6431-38). 

Objective:  To meet the special educational needs of children in
institutions and community day school programs for neglected or
delinquent children and children in adult correctional institutions. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, tutoring, and
counseling. 

Target groups:  Abused/neglected, delinquents, juvenile offenders,
and youth aged 5 through 21. 


      UPWARD BOUND
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:5.9

Administered by:  Office of Postsecondary Education. 

Federal funding for youth:  $172 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Higher Education Act of 1965, title IV,
part A, subpart 2, section 402C (added by Higher Education Amendments
of 1992, P.L.  102-325, July 23, 1992) (20 U.S.C.  1070a-13). 

Objective:  To generate the skills and motivation necessary for
success in education beyond high school among low-income and
potential first-generation college students and veterans.  The goal
of the program is to increase the academic performance and
motivational levels of eligible participants so that they can
complete secondary school and successfully pursue postsecondary
educational programs. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, mentoring, tutoring, and
counseling. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged and youth 13 to 19 years
old. 


      VOCATIONAL
      EDUCATION--COMMUNITY BASED
      ORGANIZATIONS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:5.10

Administered by:  Office of Vocational Education. 

Federal funding for youth:  $0.  Appropriation rescinded. 

Legislative authorization:  Carl D.  Perkins Vocational and Applied
Technology Education Act, title III, part A, sections 301-2, as
amended (added by P.L.  98-524, sec.  1, Oct.  19, 1984) (20 U.S.C. 
2351-52). 

Objective:  To provide educational assistance to severely
economically and educationally disadvantaged youth and individuals
with disabilities who are not being adequately served by regular
vocational education programs, through the collaboration of public
agencies, community-based organizations, and business concerns,
enabling them to succeed in vocational education, employment, or
other training. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, tutoring, counseling,
and job training assistance. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged, school dropouts, and
youth 16 to 21 years old. 


   DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN
   SERVICES
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6


      ADOLESCENT FAMILY LIFE
      DEMONSTRATION AND RESEARCH
      GRANTS
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.1

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Office of Population
Affairs. 

Federal funding for youth:  $6.7 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title XX,
sections 2001-10, as amended (added by Omnibus Budget Reconciliation
Act of 1981, title IX, sec.  955(a), P.L.  97-35, Aug.  13, 1981) (42
U.S.C.  300z through 300z-10). 

Objective:  To support community-based demonstration projects to (1)
find effective means of encouraging adolescents to abstain from
sexual activity through the provision of age-appropriate education on
human sexuality and decision-making skills and (2) establish
comprehensive and integrated approaches to the delivery of services
to pregnant adolescents, adolescent parents, and their children.  The
program also supports research projects in an effort to improve
understanding of the issues surrounding adolescent sexuality,
pregnancy, and parenting. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, mentoring, tutoring,
conflict resolution, counseling, support services, parental/family
intervention, research/evaluation, and health services. 

Target groups:  All youth. 


      CAPACITY EXPANSION PROGRAM
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.2

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. 

Federal funding for youth:  $1.2 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title XIX,
part C, subpart I, section 1971, as amended (added by ADAMHA
Reorganization Act, P.L.  102-321, sec.  204, July 10, 1992) (42
U.S.C.  300y). 

Objective:  To create new addiction treatment capacity in
high-incidence jurisdictions focusing on the needs of individuals
within one or more of the following high-risk populations:  (1)
adolescents, (2) racial and ethnic minorities, (3) pregnant women,
(4) female addicts and their children, and (5) residents of public
housing. 

Services provided:  Substance abuse intervention. 

Target groups:  All youth, at-risk/high-risk youth, drug/alcohol
abusers, juvenile offenders, school dropouts, minority groups,
pregnant women, residents of public housing and rural areas, persons
with mental illness, migrants, and youth aged 10 to 18. 


      CENTER FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE
      PREVENTION--PUBLIC
      EDUCATION/DISSEMINATION
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.3

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse
Prevention. 

Federal funding for youth:  $2.3 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title V,
section 515, as amended (added by Alcohol and Drug Abuse Amendments
of 1986, P.L.  99-570, sec.  4005(a), July 10, 1992) (42 U.S.C. 
290bb-21). 

Objective:  To provide a comprehensive, authoritative federal
resource for information on alcohol and other drugs and to promote
the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention goals and programs by
developing and distributing printed and audio/visual materials,
publishing a bimonthly newsletter, maintaining a national database of
relevant published literature, and providing technical support. 

Services provided:  Training and technical assistance, and
clearinghouses. 

Target groups:  Drug/alcohol abusers. 


      CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT
      STATE GRANTS
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.4

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families,
Administration on Children, Youth, and Families. 

Federal funding for youth:  $22.9 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act,
title I, sections 107-8, as amended (added by the Child Abuse
Prevention, Adoption, and Family Services Act of 1988, title I, P.L. 
100-294, Apr.  25, 1988) (42 U.S.C.  5106a and 5106b). 

Objective:  To help states improve their child protective services
systems; develop, strengthen, and carry out child abuse and neglect
prevention, treatment, and research programs; and develop, implement,
and operate programs and procedures for responding to reports of
medical neglect of disabled infants. 

Services provided:  Parental/family intervention, training and
technical assistance, and research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  Abused/neglected children aged 18 and under. 


      CHILD ABUSE DISCRETIONARY
      PROGRAM
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.5

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families,
Administration on Children, Youth, and Families, National Center on
Child Abuse and Neglect. 

Federal funding for youth:  $15.4 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act,
title I, section 106(c), Public Law 93-247, Jan.  31, 1974, as
amended (42 U.S.C.  5106(c)). 

Objective:  To improve national, state, community, and family
activities for the prevention, identification, and treatment of child
abuse and neglect through research, demonstration service
improvements, information dissemination, and technical assistance. 

Services provided:  Parental/family intervention, training and
technical assistance, and research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  Abused/neglected children aged 18 and under. 


      CHILD AND ADOLESCENT SERVICE
      SYSTEM PROGRAM
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.6

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services. 

Federal funding for youth:  $12.1 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title V,
section 520A, as added by Public Law 100-690, section 2057, as
amended by ADAMHA Reorganization Act, Public Law 102-321, section 116
(42 U.S.C.  290bb-32). 

Objective:  To support the development of more accessible and
appropriate systems of care for children and adolescents who are
experiencing a serious emotional disturbance and their families. 

Services provided:  Planning and program development. 

Target groups:  Abused/neglected, drug/alcohol abusers, delinquents,
juvenile offenders, runaways/the homeless, victims of crime, children
with serious emotional disturbances, and youth under age 22. 


      CHILD WELFARE SERVICES
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.7

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families,
Children's Bureau. 

Federal funding for youth:  $292 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Social Security Act, sections 420-25 and
427-28, as amended (42 U.S.C.  620-25, 627-28). 

Objective:  To establish, extend, and strengthen child welfare
services for abused, neglected, homeless, and otherwise troubled
youth.  The primary goal of child welfare services is to keep the
family together.  However, if children cannot remain at home, an
alternative permanent home is provided for them. 

Services provided:  Support services and parental/family
intervention. 

Target groups:  Abused/neglected, runaways/the homeless, troubled
children, and youth under age 21. 


      CHILDREN'S JUSTICE GRANT
      PROGRAM
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.8

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families,
Administration on Children, Youth, and Families. 

Federal funding for youth:  $0.  No federal dollars are appropriated;
funding is provided by the Department of Justice's Crime Victims
Fund. 

Legislative authorization:  Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act,
title I, section 109, as amended (added by the Child Abuse
Prevention, Adoption, and Family Services Act of 1988, title I, P.L. 
100-294, Apr.  25, 1988) (42 U.S.C.  5106c). 

Objective:  To help states improve the handling of child abuse cases,
particularly cases of sexual abuse and exploitation, so that trauma
to the child is minimized.  Funds can also be used to improve the
investigation and prosecution of child abuse cases. 

Services provided:  Planning and program development and
research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  Abused/neglected children aged 18 and under. 


      COMMUNITY ECONOMIC
      DEVELOPMENT
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.9

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families, Office of
Community Services. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Program officials
were unable to separately identify the portion of funds spent on
youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of
1981, title VI, section 681, Public Law 97-35, Aug.  13, 1981, as
amended (42 U.S.C.  9910). 

Objective:  To provide competitively awarded grants to support
community economic development projects designed to create new jobs
for low-income people. 

Services provided:  Job training assistance. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged. 


      COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.10

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Health Resources and
Services Administration, Bureau of Primary Health Care. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Agency officials
were unable to determine the portion of funds spent on youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, section 330,
as amended (added by P.L.  94-63, sec.  501(a), July 29, 1975 (42
U.S.C.  254c). 

Objective:  To provide access to family-oriented preventive and
primary health care services for people living in rural and urban
medically underserved areas.  Services are tailored to meet the needs
of the community, including pregnant teens and their families. 

Services provided:  Mentoring, counseling, support services,
parental/family intervention, and primary medical care. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged, minority groups, women of
childbearing age, and infants. 


      COMMUNITY PREVENTION
      COALITIONS DEMONSTRATION
      GRANT PROGRAM
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.11

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse
Prevention. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Agency officials
could not determine the amount of funds spent on youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title V,
sections 501(d)(5) and 516, as amended (42 U.S.C.  290aa(d)(5) and
290bb-22). 

Objective:  To support community prevention coalitions to demonstrate
and systematically study approaches to prevent and reduce alcohol,
tobacco, and other drug abuse and other drug-related problems through
the further development of coalitions and partnerships at the state,
regional, and local level. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence intervention and substance abuse
intervention. 

Target groups:  Drug/alcohol abusers. 


      COMMUNITY SCHOOLS YOUTH
      SERVICES AND SUPERVISION
      PROGRAM
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.12

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families,
Administration on Children, Youth and Families. 

Federal funding for youth:  $10 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement
Act of 1994, title III, subtitle D, section 30401, Public Law 103-322
(42 U.S.C.  13791). 

Objective:  To provide a variety of services and activities,
primarily related to entrepreneurship and academic or tutorial
programs for workforce preparation.  These activities are delivered
as a part of a broader, developmentally appropriate service that
includes such activities as mentoring and conflict resolution in
keeping with the purpose of crime prevention. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, mentoring, tutoring,
substance abuse intervention, job training assistance, support
services, focused activities, parental/family intervention, capital
improvements, entrepreneurship, and workforce preparation. 

Target groups:  All youth and youth 5 to 18 years old. 


      COMMUNITY SERVICES BLOCK
      GRANT
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.13

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families, Office of
Community Services. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Agency officials
were unable to estimate the portion of funds directed to youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of
1981, title IV, subtitle B, section 672, Public Law 97-35, Aug.  13,
1981, as amended (42 U.S.C.  9901). 

Objective:  To provide a range of services and activities having a
measurable and potentially major impact on causes of poverty in the
local communities where poverty is an acute problem. 

Services provided:  Sell-sufficiency skills, job training assistance,
support services, housing assistance, and health and nutrition
services. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged. 


      COMPREHENSIVE COMMUNITY
      TREATMENT PROGRAM
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.14

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. 

Federal funding for youth:  $640,000. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title V,
section 510(b)(1), as amended (added by ADAMHA Reorganization Act,
P.L.  102-321, sec.  109, July 10, 1992) (42 U.S.C.  290bb-3(b)(1)). 

Objective:  To offer a wide variety of substance abuse treatment
initiatives designed to improve the effectiveness and
comprehensiveness of treatment services. 

Services provided:  Substance abuse intervention. 

Target groups:  All youth, at-risk/high-risk youth, drug/alcohol
abusers, runaways/the homeless, Native Americans, Alaskan Natives,
Hawaiians, migrant workers, and residents of rural areas. 


      COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS FOR
      ADDICTION TREATMENT AND
      RECOVERY SYSTEMS IN TARGET
      CITIES
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.15

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. 

Federal funding for youth:  $1.8 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title V,
section 510(b)(5), as amended (added by ADAMHA Reorganization Act,
P.L.  102-321, sec.  109, July 10, 1992) (42 U.S.C.  290bb-3(b)(5)). 

Objective:  To (1) support activities and programs designed to
improve the delivery, accessibility, and effectiveness of addiction
treatment and recovery services and (2) foster coordination among
these programs and related health, housing, welfare, job training,
other social programs and institutions, and the interdiction and
legal systems. 

Services provided:  Substance abuse intervention and training and
technical assistance. 

Target groups:  All youth, drug/alcohol abusers, juvenile offenders,
runaways/the homeless, minority groups, women, and people with mental
illness. 


      DEMONSTRATION GRANT PROGRAM
      FOR MODEL COMPREHENSIVE
      TREATMENT FOR CRITICAL
      POPULATIONS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.16

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. 

Federal funding for youth:  $8 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title V,
sections 510(a), (b)(1), and (b)(5), as amended (added by ADAMHA
Reorganization Act, P.L.  102-321, sec.  109, July 10, 1992) (42
U.S.C.  290bb-3(a), (b)(1), and (b)(5)). 

Objective:  To enhance existing drug abuse treatment programs for
critical populations, including adolescents, residents of public
housing, and homeless women and children. 

Services provided:  Substance abuse intervention. 

Target groups:  Drug/alcohol abusers, juvenile offenders, minority
groups, women, residents of public housing and rural areas, migrant
farm workers, and youth aged 10 through 21. 


      DEMONSTRATION GRANT PROGRAM
      FOR RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT
      FOR WOMEN AND THEIR CHILDREN
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.17

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. 

Federal funding for youth:  $2 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title V,
section 510(a) and (b)(1), as amended (added by ADAMHA Reorganization
Act, P.L.  102-321, sec.  109, July 10, 1992) (42 U.S.C.  290bb-3(a)
and (b)(1)). 

Objective:  To enhance and/or expand residential addiction treatment
programs for women and their children that are consistent with (1)
implementing an effective substance abuse treatment approach for
women and (2) developing models of effective service delivery that
can be replicated elsewhere. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence prevention, substance abuse
intervention, parental/family intervention, and research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged, abused/neglected,
drug/alcohol abusers, juvenile offenders, runaways/the homeless,
minority groups, women involved in the foster care or welfare system,
public housing residents, and people with mental illness. 


      DEMONSTRATION PARTNERSHIP
      PROGRAM
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.18

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families, Office of
Community Services. 

Federal funding for youth:  $0.  Appropriation rescinded. 

Legislative authorization:  Human Services Reauthorization Act of
1986, title IV, section 408, Public Law 99-425, Sept.  30, 1986, as
amended (42 U.S.C.  9910b). 

Objective:  To stimulate the development and implementation of new
and innovative approaches that address the critical needs of the poor
and promote economic self-sufficiency.  Grants have funded projects
that focus on small business ventures, self-employment, minority
youth life skills, case management, comprehensive integrated
services, and early intervention and prevention. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, crime/violence
intervention, gang intervention, mentoring, tutoring, conflict
resolution, counseling, substance abuse intervention, job training
assistance, support services, focused activities, parental/family
intervention, training and technical assistance, and
research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged, at-risk/high-risk youth,
runaways/the homeless, minority males, teen parents, young fathers,
and female heads of households. 


      DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS FOR
      HIGH RISK YOUTH
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.19

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration. 

Federal funding for youth:  $65.2 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title V,
section 517, as amended (added by Alcohol and Drug Abuse Amendments
of 1986, P.L.  99-570, sec.  4005(a), Oct.  27, 1986) (42 U.S.C. 
290bb-23). 

Objective:  To fund projects that develop innovative prevention,
intervention, and treatment programs for youth at risk of using
alcohol, tobacco, or illicit drugs. 

Services provided:  Substance abuse intervention. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged, at-risk/high-risk youth,
abused/neglected, drug/alcohol abusers, delinquents, school dropouts,
pregnant women/teenagers, and youth under age 21. 


      DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION FOR
      RUNAWAY AND HOMELESS YOUTH
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.20

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families,
Administration on Children, Youth, and Families. 

Federal funding for youth:  $14.5 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, title III,
sections 3511-15, Public Law 100-690, Nov.  18, 1988 (42 U.S.C. 
11821-25). 

Objective:  To expand and improve drug abuse prevention services for
runaway and homeless youth and their families. 

Services provided:  Counseling, substance abuse intervention,
training and technical assistance, and research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  Runaways/homeless children under age 18. 


      EMERGENCY COMMUNITY SERVICES
      HOMELESS GRANT PROGRAM
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.21

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families, Office of
Community Services. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Agency officials
could not separately identify funds for youth-related activities. 

Legislative authorization:  Stewart B.  McKinney Homeless Assistance
Act of 1987, sections 751-54 and 762, Public Law 100-77, July 22,
1987, as amended (42 U.S.C.  11461-64 and 11472). 

Objective:  To provide services to the homeless.  Funds can be used
for (1) referring homeless children and individuals to violence
counseling and (2) providing violence counseling training to support
services staff. 

Services provided:  Counseling, support services, training and
technical assistance, and capital improvements. 

Target groups:  Runaways/the homeless. 


      FAMILY AND COMMUNITY
      VIOLENCE PREVENTION PROGRAM
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.22

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Office of the Assistant
Secretary for Health. 

Federal funding for youth:  $5.9 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title XVII,
section 1707(d)(1), as amended (added by Minority Health Improvement
Act of 1990, P.L.  101-527, sec.  2, Nov.  6, 1990) (42 U.S.C. 
300u-6(d)(1)). 

Objective:  To establish 19 Family Life Centers at consortium member
institutions to (1) assess local community resources dedicated to
addressing the problem of family and community violence, (2)
coordinate with local violence efforts currently in place to minimize
duplication of efforts and maximize the use of local resources, (3)
design educational curriculums that address interpersonal and family
violence, and (4) design and implement a mechanism to identify
students from dysfunctional families for the purpose of promoting
effective coping strategies. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence prevention, substance abuse
intervention, and parental/family intervention. 

Target groups:  All youth aged 6 to 21. 


      FAMILY PRESERVATION AND
      SUPPORT SERVICES
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.23

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families,
Administration on Children, Youth, and Families. 

Federal funding for youth:  $150 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Social Security Act, title IV, part B,
subpart 2, sections 420-35, as amended (42 U.S.C.  620-629e). 

Objective:  To fund community-based family support services that
promote the well-being of children and families by enhancing family
functioning and child development and to fund family preservation
services that serve families at risk or in crisis, through services
such as reunification and adoption services, preplacement/preventive
services, follow-up services after return of a child from foster
care, respite care, and services designed to improve parenting
skills. 

Services provided:  Support services and parental/family
intervention. 

Target groups:  At-risk/high-risk youth. 


      FAMILY SUPPORT CENTER AND
      GATEWAY DEMONSTRATION
      PROGRAMS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.24

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families, Office of
Community Services. 

Federal funding for youth:  $7.3 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Stewart B.  McKinney Homeless Assistance
Act of 1987, sections 771-72, as amended (added by P.L.  101-645,
sec.  651, Nov.  29, 1990) (42 U.S.C.  11481-82). 

Objective:  To encourage and test integrated services delivery
approaches to reducing homelessness among families with children. 
The purpose of this demonstration is to develop and operate Family
Support Centers that can intervene to prevent homelessness by
providing intensive and comprehensive supportive services to
previously homeless individuals, families residing in subsidized
housing, and those at risk of homelessness. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, crime/violence
intervention, tutoring, conflict resolution, counseling, substance
abuse intervention, job training assistance, support services, and
training and technical assistance. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged residents of public
housing, those at risk of becoming homeless, and families with
children. 


      FAMILY VIOLENCE PREVENTION
      AND SERVICES
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.25

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families, Office of
Community Services. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Agency officials
could not determine amount of money spent on youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Family Violence Prevention and Services
Act, sections 302-3, Public Law 98-457, Oct.  9, 1984, as amended (42
U.S.C.  10401-2). 

Objective:  To help states prevent family violence and to provide
immediate shelter and related assistance for victims of family
violence and their children.  The program provides funds for
training, technical assistance, and data collection and supports the
development of educational, training, and public information
materials on family violence.  The program also supports the
Clearinghouse on Family Violence. 

Services provided:  Support services, parental/family intervention,
training and technical assistance, research/evaluation,
clearinghouses, and shelter. 

Target groups:  Abused/neglected youth and battered women. 


      GRANTS FOR COMPREHENSIVE
      COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH
      SERVICES FOR CHILDREN AND
      ADOLESCENTS WITH SERIOUS
      EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCES
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.26

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services. 

Federal funding for youth:  $30 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title V,
section 561, as amended (added by ADAMHA Reorganization Act, P.L. 
102-321, sec.  119, July 10, 1992) (42 U.S.C.  290ff). 

Objective:  To enable communities to develop local systems of care
highlighting service collaborations among mental health, child
welfare, education, juvenile justice, and other appropriate agencies. 
Each child served receives an individualized service plan developed
with the participation of the family. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, parental/family
intervention, and community-based services. 

Target groups:  Abused/neglected, delinquents, juvenile offenders,
and youth under 22 years of age. 


      HEALTH CARE FOR THE HOMELESS
      PROGRAM
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.27

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Health Resources and
Services Administration, Bureau of Primary Health Care. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Agency officials
could not determine the portion of funds spent on youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title III,
section 340, as amended (added by P.L.  100-77, sec.  601, July 22,
1987) (42 U.S.C.  256). 

Objective:  To deliver health care services to homeless people,
including children and adolescents, combining aggressive street
outreach with integrated systems of primary care, mental health and
substance abuse services, case management, and client advocacy. 

Services provided:  Substance abuse intervention, primary health
care, and mental health services. 

Target groups:  Runaways/the homeless. 


      HEALTH SERVICES FOR
      RESIDENTS OF PUBLIC HOUSING
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.28

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Health Resources and
Services Administration, Bureau of Primary Health Care. 

Federal funding for youth:  $9.5 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title III,
section 340A, as amended (added by Disadvantaged Minority Health
Improvement Act of 1990, P.L.  101-527, sec.  3, Nov.  6, 1990) (42
U.S.C.  256a). 

Objective:  To provide primary health care to improve the quality of
life for Americans living in housing developments. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence prevention, substance abuse
intervention, parental/family intervention, and primary health care. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged, and public housing
residents. 


      HOMELESS DEMONSTRATIONS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.29

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services. 

Federal funding for youth:  $0.  According to agency officials, no
awards made in fiscal year 1995 specified youth among their target
populations. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title V,
section 506, as amended (added by Alcohol Abuse, Drug Abuse, and
Mental Health Amendments of 1984, P.L.  98-509, sec.  206(a), Oct. 
19, 1984) (42 U.S.C.  290aa-5). 

Objective:  To demonstrate effective assessment and treatment
interventions for local programs that serve homeless individuals who
have dual diagnoses of mental and substance abuse disorders and
collaborate with the Departments of Housing and Urban Development,
Labor, Education, Veterans Affairs, and Agriculture to test the
effectiveness of integrating housing, treatment, and support services
for homeless mentally ill people. 

Services provided:  Substance abuse intervention and mental health
services. 

Target groups:  Runaways/the homeless and people with serious mental
illnesses. 


      INDEPENDENT LIVING PROGRAM
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.30

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families,
Administration on Children, Youth, and Families. 

Federal funding for youth:  $70 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Social Security Act, subtitle IV-E,
section 477, as amended (added by P.L.  99-272, sec.  12307(a), Apr. 
7, 1986) (42 U.S.C.  677). 

Objective:  To assist children over the age of 16 in making the
transition from foster care to independent living through activities
such as education and employment training and training in daily
living skills. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills and job training
assistance. 

Target groups:  Current or former foster care children. 


      INDIAN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT
      MENTAL HEALTH PREVENTION AND
      TREATMENT SERVICES
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.31

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Indian Health Service. 

Federal funding for youth:  $18 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Indian Health Care Improvement Act, title
II, section 209, as amended (added by P.L.  101-630, sec.  503b, Nov. 
28, 1990) (25 U.S.C.  1621h). 

Objective:  To provide mental health prevention and treatment
services to high-risk children and adolescents and their families. 

Services provided:  Parental/family intervention, planning and
program development, and training and technical assistance. 

Target groups:  American Indians and Native Alaskans. 


      INDIAN CHILD PROTECTION AND
      CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION
      DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.32

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Indian Health Service. 

Federal funding for youth:  $1.3 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Indian Child Protection and Family
Violence Prevention Act, title IV, section 411, Public Law 101-630,
Nov.  28, 1990, as amended (25 U.S.C.  3210). 

Objective:  To prevent child abuse and family violence, and to treat
child abuse victims. 

Services provided:  Planning and program development, training and
technical assistance, and integration of Native Americans' culturally
specific treatment methodologies into current cases. 

Target groups:  Native Americans and Native Alaskans. 


      INDIAN HEALTH
      SERVICE--ALCOHOL AND
      SUBSTANCE ABUSE PROGRAMS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.33

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Indian Health Service. 

Federal funding for youth:  $66.1 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Indian Health Care Improvement Act, title
V, sections 511, 702, 704, and 705, as amended (added by P.L. 
102-573, Oct.  29, 1992) (25 U.S.C.  1660a, 1665a, 1665c, 1665d). 

Objective:  To provide a broad range of treatment and prevention
services to rural and urban communities.  The program focuses on
rehabilitation of an aging adult abuse population and authorizes the
development of treatment programs and services for Indian youth. 

Services provided:  Substance abuse intervention, parental/family
intervention, and training and technical assistance. 

Target groups:  Drug/alcohol abusers, Native Americans and Native
Alaskans. 


      INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE
      RESEARCH GRANTS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.34

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Indian Health Service. 

Federal funding for youth:  $0. 

Legislative authorization:  Indian Health Care Improvement Act,
section 208, Public Law 94-437 (25 U.S.C.  1621g). 

Objective:  To conduct research and developmental activities in areas
of Indian health care that further the performance of the health
responsibilities of the Indian Health Service. 

Services provided:  Research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  Native Americans and Native Alaskans. 


      INDIAN YOUTH GRANT PROGRAM
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.35

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Indian Health Service. 

Federal funding for youth:  $500,000. 

Legislative authorization:  Indian Health Care Improvement Act, title
II, section 216, as amended (added by Indian Health Amendments Act of
1992, sec.  212, P.L.  102-573, Oct.  29, 1992) (25 U.S.C.  1621o). 

Objective:  To develop program services and activities to address
American Indian/Alaskan Native adolescent health issues through
culturally relevant education, counseling, and motivational
techniques.  The goal is the prevention or resolution of high-risk
behaviors and the development of healthful and responsible practices
for adolescents. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence intervention, substance abuse
intervention, focused activities, general health services, and
parenting skills. 

Target groups:  Native Americans, Native Alaskans, and youth ages 12
through 19. 


      INJURY PREVENTION AND
      CONTROL RESEARCH AND STATE
      GRANT PROJECTS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.36

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention. 

Federal funding for youth:  $22.2 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title III,
sections 301 and 392, as amended (42 U.S.C.  241 and 280b-1). 

Objective:  The mission of the National Center for Injury Prevention
and Control is to prevent premature death and disability and reduce
human suffering and medical costs caused by nonoccupational injuries. 
The Center focuses on the health aspects of injury, including those
caused by crime and violence.  The Center's Division of Violence
Prevention is responsible for developing a scientific approach to
violence prevention in two priority areas:  interpersonal youth
violence and family and intimate violence.  The Division of Violence
Prevention also addresses suicide prevention and a cross-cutting
strategy to prevent firearm-related injuries and deaths. 

Services provided:  Training and technical assistance,
research/evaluation, and information dissemination. 

Target groups:  All youth, abused/neglected, and drug/alcohol
abusers. 


      JOB OPPORTUNITIES AND BASIC
      SKILLS TRAINING (JOBS)
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.37

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families, Office of
Family Assistance. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Agency does not
keep data on the amount of money spent on youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Social Security Act, title IV, section
482, as amended (as added by Family Support Act of 1988, P.L. 
100-485, Oct.  13, 1988) (42 U.S.C.  682). 

Objective:  To ensure that needy families with children obtain the
education, training, and employment that will help them avoid
long-term welfare dependency. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, job training assistance,
and support services. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged. 


      JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR
      LOW-INCOME INDIVIDUALS
      (JOLI)
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.38

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families, Office of
Community Services. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Agency officials
could not determine the amount of funds spent on youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Family Support Act of 1988, section 505,
Public Law 100-485, Oct.  13, 1988, as amended (42 U.S.C.  1315
note); Social Security Act, title XI, section 1115, as amended (42
U.S.C.  1315). 

Objective:  To create new employment and business opportunities
through the expansion of existing businesses, self-employment, and
new business ventures to enable recipients of Aid to Families With
Dependent Children and other low-income individuals or families that
meet 100 percent of the federal poverty guidelines to achieve
self-sufficiency. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, mentoring, counseling,
job training assistance, support services, parental/family
intervention, child care, and transportation. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged. 


      MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
      BLOCK GRANT SERVICES PROGRAM
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.39

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Health Resources and
Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Care Bureau. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Agency officials
could not determine amount spent on youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Social Security Act, title V, sections
501-9, as amended (added by Omnibus Budget and Reconciliation Act of
1981, P.L.  97-35, Aug.  13, 1981) (42 U.S.C.  701-9). 

Objective:  To support national efforts to improve and expand state
and local systems of maternal and child health.  Block grants are
awarded to states, and states have the flexibility to determine how
to use these federal funds.  States have used these funds for
violence prevention activities that ranged from prevention and
treatment of child abuse and neglect to domestic violence to suicide
prevention. 

Services provided:  Planning and program development,
research/evaluation, maternal and infant health care, and violence
and suicide prevention. 

Target groups:  Abused/neglected, youth at risk for abuse, and
populations with special needs. 


      MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
      BLOCK GRANT SERVICES
      PROGRAM--SPECIAL PROJECTS OF
      REGIONAL AND NATIONAL
      SIGNIFICANCE (SPRANS)
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.40

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Health Resources and
Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau. 

Federal funding for youth:  $3.4 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Social Security Act, title V, section
502(a)(1), as amended (added by Omnibus Budget and Reconciliation Act
of 1981, P.L.  97-35, Aug.  13, 1981) (42 U.S.C.  702(a)(1)). 

Objective:  To provide funding for programs that improve, expand, and
complement federal, state, and community efforts to provide systems
of comprehensive services for the target populations of women of
childbearing age, infants, children and youth, and children with
special health care needs and their families.  SPRANS has several
projects that address at-risk youth. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence intervention, substance abuse
intervention, parental/family intervention, training and technical
assistance, research/evaluation, and child abuse/neglect prevention. 

Target groups:  All youth, women of childbearing age, parents,
families, and infants.  (Client group served varies by individual
project.)


      MENTAL HEALTH BLOCK GRANT
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.41

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Agency officials
could not determine the portion of funds spent on youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title XIX,
sections 1911-20 (added by ADAMHA Reorganization Act, P.L.  102-321,
July 10, 1992) (42 U.S.C.  300x through 300x-9). 

Objective:  To support comprehensive, community-based services for
adults with serious mental illnesses and children with serious
emotional disturbances. 

Services provided:  Mental health services. 

Target groups:  All youth, adults, and populations with serious
mental illness and/or emotional disturbance. 


      MIGRANT HEALTH CENTERS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.42

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Health Resources and
Services Administration, Bureau of Primary Health Care. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Agency officials
could not determine portion of funds spent on youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title III,
section 329, as amended (42 U.S.C.  254b). 

Objective:  To provide a broad array of medical and support services
to migrant and seasonal farmworkers and their families, including
preventive health and acute and chronic care services.  Emphasis is
on case management--the coordination of centers' activities with
appropriate social, medical, or economic community services. 

Services provided:  Mentoring, counseling, substance abuse
intervention, support services, parental/family intervention, and
primary health care. 

Target groups:  Migrant and seasonal farmworkers and their families. 


      MODEL CRIMINAL JUSTICE DRUG
      ABUSE TREATMENT FOR
      INCARCERATED POPULATIONS,
      NON-INCARCERATED
      POPULATIONS, AND JUVENILE
      JUSTICE POPULATIONS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.43

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. 

Federal funding for youth:  $15.8 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title V,
section 511 (added by ADAMHA Reorganization Act, P.L.  102-321, sec. 
110, July 10, 1992) (42 U.S.C.  290bb-4). 

Objective:  To enhance drug abuse treatment for criminal justice
populations, improve treatment outcomes for these populations, and
reduce the frequency with which these populations interact with the
criminal justice system or engage in criminal behavior because of
their addictive disorders. 

Services provided:  Substance abuse intervention. 

Target groups:  Drug/alcohol abusers, juvenile offenders, minority
groups, probation/parolees, and youth aged 10 through 22. 


      NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
      ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM
      (NIAAA)--RESEARCH PROGRAMS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.44

Administered by:  Public Health Service, National Institutes of
Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 

Federal funding for youth:  $20.3 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, sections 301
and 464H, as amended (42 U.S.C.  241, 285n). 

Objective:  To develop a sound knowledge base that can be applied to
the development of improved methods of treatment and more effective
strategies for preventing alcoholism and alcohol related problems. 
NIAAA is the lead federal agency for research on the causes,
consequences, treatment, and prevention of alcohol-related problems. 

Services provided:  Research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  All youth, minorities, women, and people with
disabilities. 


      NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG
      ABUSE (NIDA)--RESEARCH
      PROGRAMS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.45

Administered by:  Public Health Service, National Institutes of
Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse. 

Federal funding for youth:  $6 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, sections 301,
405, 464L, 464N, and 464P, as amended (42 U.S.C.  241, 284, 285o,
285o-2, 285o-4). 

Objective:  To support research to develop new knowledge and
approaches related to the prevention; treatment; causes; and
consequences, including HIV/AIDS, of drug addiction.  NIDA is
responsible for coordinating federal research activities in drug
abuse, dependency, and addiction research. 

Services provided:  Research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  Drug/alcohol abusers. 


      NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL
      HEALTH--RESEARCH PROGRAMS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.46

Administered by:  Public Health Service, National Institutes of
Health, National Institute of Mental Health. 

Federal funding for youth:  $7.2 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title III,
section 304 (added by P.L.  69-182, July 28, 1955) (42 U.S.C.  242b). 

Objective:  To support and conduct research to improve mental illness
diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. 

Services provided:  Research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  All youth, economically disadvantaged, at-risk/
high-risk youth, abused/neglected, delinquents, juvenile offenders,
school dropouts, victims of crime, and minorities. 


      NATIONAL YOUTH SPORTS
      PROGRAM
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.47

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families, Office of
Community Services. 

Federal funding for youth:  $12 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of
1981, section 682, as amended (added by P.L.  103-352, sec.  205, May
18, 1994) (42 U.S.C.  9910c). 

Objective:  To provide low-income youth aged 10 to 16 with a summer
of supervised sports instruction and enrichment activities on
participating college and university campuses across the country. 
The primary goal of the program is to motivate disadvantaged youth to
earn and learn self-respect through a program of sports instruction
and competition. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, substance abuse
intervention, job training assistance, support services, and focused
activities. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged children aged 10 through
16. 


      NATIVE AMERICAN PROGRAMS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.48

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families,
Administration for Native Americans. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Officials were
unable to determine the portion of total funding that went to youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Native American Programs Act of 1974,
section 803, as amended (42 U.S.C.  2991b). 

Objective:  To promote the goal of social and economic
self-sufficiency of American Indians; Alaska Natives; Native
Hawaiians; and other Native American Pacific Islanders, including
American Samoans.  This program provides grants, training, and
technical assistance to eligible tribes and Native American
organizations representing 1.6 million individuals. 

Services provided:  Conflict resolution, job training assistance,
planning and program development, training and technical assistance,
clearinghouses, environmental regulatory enhancement, environmental
mitigation, and Native American language preservation. 

Target groups:  American Indians, Alaskan Natives, Native Hawaiians,
and other Native American Pacific Islanders. 


      PREGNANT AND POSTPARTUM
      WOMEN AND INFANTS
      DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.49

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse
Prevention. 

Federal funding for youth:  $7.2 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title V,
section 509F (added by Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, sec.  2054, P.L. 
100-690, Nov.  18, 1988) (42 U.S.C.  290aa-13).  Notwithstanding that
legislation was repealed effective Oct.  1, 1992, the program may
continue until funds received prior to that date have been expended
(P.L.  102-321, sec.  801(d)(2)(A), July 10, 1992). 

Objective:  To develop innovative, community-based models for the
coordination of service systems for linking health promotion and
treatment services for substance abusing pregnant women and their
small children. 

Services provided:  Substance abuse intervention. 

Target groups:  Drug/alcohol abusers, women, infants of drug-using
mothers, and low-income women. 


      PROJECTS FOR ASSISTANCE IN
      TRANSITION FROM HOMELESSNESS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.50

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Agency officials
could not determine the amount of funds spent on youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title V, part
C, section 521, as amended (added by Stewart B.  McKinney Homeless
Assistance Act, P.L.  100-77, July 22, 1987) (42 U.S.C.  290cc-21). 

Objective:  To support mental health and other services for
individuals with serious mental illnesses, as well as for individuals
with serious mental illnesses and co-occurring substance use
disorders, who are homeless or at risk of becoming homeless.  Among
the services provided are outreach services, community mental health
services, alcohol or drug treatment services, and case management
services. 

Services provided:  Substance abuse intervention, job training
assistance, support services, training and technical assistance,
capital improvements, and mental health services. 

Target groups:  Runaways/the homeless and populations with serious
mental illness or emotional disturbance. 


      RUNAWAY AND HOMELESS YOUTH
      PROGRAMS--BASIC CENTERS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.51

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families,
Administration on Children, Youth, and Families. 

Federal funding for youth:  $40.5 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Runaway and Homeless Youth Act, title
III, sections 311-12, Public Law 93-415, Sept.  7, 1974, as amended
(42 U.S.C.  5711 and 5712). 

Objective:  To establish and operate local centers to address the
immediate needs of runaway and homeless youth and their families. 

Services provided:  Counseling, support services, focused activities,
parental/family intervention, training and technical assistance, and
research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  Runaways/homeless children under age 18. 


      SERVICE GRANT PROGRAM FOR
      RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT FOR
      PREGNANT AND POSTPARTUM
      WOMEN
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.52

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. 

Federal funding for youth:  $1.3 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title V,
section 508, as amended (added by ADAMHA Reorganization Act, P.L. 
102-321, sec.  108(a), July 10, 1992) (42 U.S.C.  290bb-1). 

Objective:  Program has several objectives, including (1) to decrease
alcohol and drug use and (2) to decrease involvement in and exposure
to crime, interpersonal violence, child abuse and neglect, and sexual
abuse. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence intervention, substance abuse
intervention, support services, and parental/family intervention. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged, abused/neglected,
drug/alcohol abusers, juvenile offenders, runaways/the homeless,
minority groups, women involved in foster care/welfare system, public
housing residents, and populations with mental illness. 


      SOCIAL SERVICES BLOCK GRANT
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.53

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families, Office of
Community Services. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Agency officials
were unable to determine the portion of funds spent on youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Social Security Act, title XX, sections
2001-7, as amended (42 U.S.C.  1397-1397f). 

Objective:  To fund social services that prevent, reduce, or
eliminate dependency; prevent neglect, abuse, or exploitation of
children and adults; prevent or reduce inappropriate institutional
care; and provide admission or referral for institutional care when
other forms of care are inappropriate. 

Services provided:  Substance abuse intervention, support services,
and parental/family intervention. 

Target groups:  All youth, abused/neglected, and drug/alcohol
abusers. 


      SUBSTANCE ABUSE PREVENTION
      AND TREATMENT BLOCK GRANT
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.54

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Agency officials
could not determine the portion of funds spent on youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title XIX,
part B, subpart II, sections 1921-35 (added by ADAMHA Reorganization
Act, P.L.  102-321, sec.  202, July 10, 1992) (42 U.S.C.  300x-21
through 300x-34). 

Objective:  To expand and enhance the availability and delivery of
quality addiction prevention and treatment services nationally.  The
grant provides federal support but empowers states to design
solutions to specific addiction problems they are experiencing
locally. 

Services provided:  Substance abuse intervention. 

Target groups:  Drug/alcohol abusers, pregnant women, and dependent
children. 


      TRANSITIONAL LIVING PROGRAM
      FOR HOMELESS YOUTH
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.55

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families. 

Federal funding for youth:  $13.7 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Runaway and Homeless Youth Act, title
III, part B, sections 321-22, as amended (added by Anti-Drug Abuse
Act of 1988, P.L.  100-690, sec.  7273(f), Nov.  18, 1988) (42 U.S.C. 
5714-1 and 5714-2). 

Objective:  To provide resources to assist homeless youth in making a
successful transition toward a productive adulthood and
self-sufficiency. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills and job training
assistance. 

Target groups:  Runaways/the homeless and youth aged 16 through 21. 


      URBAN INDIAN HEALTH PROGRAM
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.56

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Indian Health Service. 

Federal funding for youth:  $5.8 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Indian Health Care Improvement Act, title
V, section 502, Public Law 94-437, Sept.  30, 1976, as amended (25
U.S.C.  1652). 

Objective:  To provide grant and contract programs to urban Indian
organizations, including information and referral, dental services,
comprehensive primary care services, limited primary care services,
community health, substance abuse, behavioral health services,
immunizations, HIV activities, health promotion and disease
prevention, case management, and outreach services. 

Services provided:  Substance abuse intervention, parental/family
intervention, direct outpatient primary care, mental health services,
outreach and referral, health promotion, and disease prevention. 

Target groups:  Native Americans and Native Alaskans. 


      YOUTH INITIATIVES/YOUTH
      GANGS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.57

Administered by:  Administration for Children and Families,
Administration on Children, Youth, and Families. 

Federal funding for youth:  $10.5 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, title III,
sections 3501-5, Public Law 100-690, Nov.  18, 1988, as amended (42
U.S.C.  11801-5). 

Objective:  To prevent and reduce the participation of youth in gangs
that engage in illicit drug-related activities; promote involvement
of youth in lawful activities; prevent the abuse of drugs by youth;
support coordination of activities of local police departments and
education, employment, and social service agencies; provide
information on the treatment and rehabilitation options available to
youth; coordinate support between schools and state and federal
governments; and provide technical assistance to eligible
organizations.  (This program was formerly known as the Youth Gang
Drug Prevention Program.)

Services provided:  Gang intervention, substance abuse intervention,
and training and technical assistance. 

Target groups:  Drug/alcohol abusers, gangs, and children under age
18. 


      YOUTH RISK BEHAVIOR
      SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:6.58

Administered by:  Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention. 

Federal funding for youth:  $1.4 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Health Service Act, title V,
section 517, as amended (added by Alcohol and Drug Abuse Amendments
of 1986, P.L.  99-570, sec.  4005(a), Oct.  27, 1986) (42 U.S.C. 
290bb-23). 

Objective:  To monitor priority health risk behaviors that contribute
to the leading causes of mortality, morbidity, and social problems
among youth in the United States.  The survey focuses on the
following categories of behaviors:  intentional and unintentional
injuries; tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use; sexual behaviors that
contribute to unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted disease
infection; dietary behavior; and physical activity. 

Services provided:  Conduct survey and develop database on youth
behavior. 

Target groups:  All youth. 


   DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN
   DEVELOPMENT
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:7


      4-H AFTER-SCHOOL
      PROGRAM/DEMONSTRATION
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:7.1

Administered by:  Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public and
Indian Housing, Office of Community Relations and Involvement. 

Federal funding for youth:  $3.5 million. 

Legislative authorization:  United States Housing Act of 1937,
section 22, as amended (added by Cranston-Gonzalez National
Affordable Housing Act, P.L.  101-625, title V, sec.  515(a), Nov. 
28, 1990) (42 U.S.C.  1437t). 

Objective:  To develop and expand effective after-school programs
that provide safe environments that help children develop their full
potential.  Additionally, to demonstrate ways to promote, through
supervised activities and joint community and private-sector
collaboration, the long-term welfare of children 7 through 13 years
old living in public housing.  This demonstration creates
environments where children can develop skills, knowledge, and
competencies to assist in their positive development.  Adults are
linked with children to build self-confidence and provide homework
counseling, tutoring, and mentoring support as an alternative to
gang-related activities. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, crime/violence
intervention, gang intervention, mentoring, tutoring, conflict
resolution, counseling, substance abuse intervention, support
services, focused activities, parental/family intervention, planning
and program development, and training and technical assistance. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged, at-risk/high-risk youth,
abused/neglected, drug/alcohol abusers, runaways/the homeless,
victims of crime, residents of public housing, and children ages 7
through 13. 


      YOUTH APPRENTICESHIP
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:7.2

Administered by:  Office of the Assistant Secretary of Public and
Indian Housing, Office of Community Relations and Involvement. 

Federal funding for youth:  $358,000. 

Legislative authorization:  Housing and Urban Development Act of
1968, section 3(c)(2)(B), Public Law 90-448, Aug.  1, 1968, as
amended (42 U.S.C.  1701u(c)(2)(B)). 

Objective:  To provide grants to public housing agencies to initiate,
with a joint labor/management organization (union), a Youth
Apprenticeship Program in certain communities.  Training is provided
for Department of Labor-approved apprenticeship programs.  The
program has an ensured employment component:  participants are
guaranteed a job for at least 30 months, and help is provided in
getting a union card.  About 500 youths in eight programs are being
served. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, mentoring, tutoring,
conflict resolution, counseling, job training assistance, support
services, and research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged, residents of public
housing, and young adults aged 16 through 30. 


      YOUTH DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:7.3

Administered by:  Office of the Assistant Secretary of Public and
Indian Housing, Office of Community Relations and Involvement. 

Federal funding for youth:  $10 million. 

Legislative authorization:  United States Housing Act of 1937,
section 22, as amended (added by Cranston-Gonzalez National
Affordable Housing Act, P.L.  101-625, title V, sec.  515(a), Nov. 
28, 1990) (42 U.S.C.  1437t). 

Objective:  To provide families living in public housing with better
access to educational and employment opportunities to achieve
self-sufficiency and independence by (1) developing facilities in or
near public housing for training and support services; (2) mobilizing
public and private resources to expand and improve the delivery of
such services; (3) providing funding for essential training and
support services that cannot otherwise be funded; and (4) improving
the capacity of management to assess the training and services needs
of families, coordinate the provision of training and services that
meet these needs, and ensure the long-term provision of training and
services. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, crime/violence
intervention, mentoring, tutoring, conflict resolution, counseling,
substance abuse intervention, job training assistance, support
services, focused activities, and capital improvements. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged, at-risk/high-risk youth,
delinquents, juvenile offenders, school dropouts, noncustodial
parents with children living in public housing who have child support
agreements with the county or state, residents of public housing, and
youth aged 13 through 25. 


      YOUTH SPORTS/PUBLIC AND
      INDIAN HOUSING DRUG
      ELIMINATION PROGRAM
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:7.4

Administered by:  Crime Prevention and Security Division. 

Federal funding for youth:  $13.9 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable
Housing Act, title V, section 520, Public Law 101-625, Nov.  28,
1990, as amended (42 U.S.C.  11903a). 

Objective:  To provide sports, cultural, educational, recreational,
or other activities to youth to prevent drug-related crime.  In
addition, funds can be used to rehabilitate/construct buildings
within or near the housing authority of such programs.  The program
requires housing authorities to develop a strategy to respond to
crime.  The housing authorities must demonstrate the need, assess the
degree of the problem, and show their programmatic response to
addressing the problem. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, crime/violence
intervention, gang intervention, mentoring, tutoring, conflict
resolution, counseling, substance abuse intervention, job training,
focused activities, training and technical assistance, and capital
improvements. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged, at-risk/high-risk youth,
residents of public housing, and youth aged 15 through 21. 


      YOUTHBUILD
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:7.5

Administered by:  Office of the Assistant Secretary for Community
Planning and Development, Office of Economic Development. 

Federal funding for youth:  $78 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable
Housing Act, title IV, sections 451-60, as amended (added by Housing
and Community Development Act of 1992, P.L.  102-550, sec.  164, Oct. 
28, 1992) (42 U.S.C.  12899-12899i). 

Objective:  To expand the supply of affordable housing and assist
economically disadvantaged youth in obtaining the education and
employment skills necessary to achieve economic self-sufficiency. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, mentoring, tutoring,
counseling, job training assistance, training and technical
assistance, research/evaluation, and capital improvements. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged, school dropouts, and
youth aged 16 through 24. 


   DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:8


      INDIAN CHILD WELFARE ACT
      (TITLE II GRANTS)
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:8.1

Administered by:  Bureau of Indian Affairs, Office of Tribal
Services, Division of Social Services. 

Federal funding for youth:  $23.8 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978, title
II, sections 201-4, Public Law 95-608, Nov.  8, 1978, as amended (25
U.S.C.  1931-34). 

Objective:  To promote the stability and security of Indian tribes
and families by establishing minimum federal standards for the
removal of Indian children from their families and the placement of
such children in foster or adoptive homes, and by providing
assistance to Indian tribes in the operation of child and family
service programs. 

Services provided:  Counseling, support services, focused activities,
and parental/family intervention. 

Target groups:  At-risk/high-risk youth, abused/neglected, Native
Americans, and children under age 18. 


      INDIAN CHILD WELFARE
      ASSISTANCE (FOSTER CARE)
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:8.2

Administered by:  Bureau of Indian Affairs, Office of Tribal
Services, Division of Social Services. 

Federal funding for youth:  $105 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978, title
I, sections 101-5, Public Law 95-608, Nov.  8, 1978 (25 U.S.C. 
1911-15); Snyder Act of 1921, Nov.  2, 1921 (25 U.S.C.  13). 

Objective:  To provide foster home care and appropriate institutional
(nonmedical) care for dependent, neglected, and handicapped Indian
children residing on or near reservations who are in need of
protection, including those children living in Bureau of Indian
Affairs service area jurisdictions in Alaska and Oklahoma, when these
services are not available from state or local public agencies. 

Services provided:  Support services. 

Target groups:  Native American children under age 18. 


   DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9


      BOOT CAMPS, PART H
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.1

Administered by:  Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 

Federal funding for youth:  $0.  Agency officials said this program
has had no funding since fiscal year 1992. 

Legislative authorization:  Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention Act of 1974, title II, part H, sections 289-89C (added by
P.L.  102-586, sec.  2, Nov.  4, 1992) (42 U.S.C.  5667f through
5667f-3). 

Objective:  To authorize grants to establish up to 10 military-style
boot camps for delinquent juveniles. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, counseling, substance
abuse intervention, job training assistance, and support services. 

Target groups:  Delinquents and juvenile offenders (ages vary as
defined by state laws). 


      CHILDREN'S JUSTICE ACT
      DISCRETIONARY GRANTS FOR
      NATIVE AMERICAN INDIAN
      TRIBES
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.2

Administered by:  Office of Justice Programs, Office for Victims of
Crime. 

Federal funding for youth:  $0.  No federal dollars are appropriated;
funding is provided by the Department of Justice's Crime Victims
Fund. 

Legislative authorization:  Victims of Crime Act of 1984, title II,
section 1402(g)(1), Public Law 98-473, Oct.  12, 1984, as amended (42
U.S.C.  10601(g)(1)). 

Objective:  To create and sustain Children's Justice Act programs
that deal with cases of child sexual and physical abuse during the
investigation, prosecution, and treatment phases; strengthen existing
programs; and establish systemic improvement in a community's overall
response to child sexual abuse. 

Services provided:  Gang intervention, counseling, support services,
planning and program development, training and technical assistance,
and research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  Abused/neglected, victims of crime, and Native
Americans. 


      COMMUNITY OUTREACH PROGRAM
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.3

Administered by:  Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Criminal
Investigative Division. 

Federal funding for youth:  $281,000. 

Legislative authorization:  Public Law 89-554, section 4(c), Sept. 
6, 1966, as amended (28 U.S.C.  533(1)); Omnibus Crime Control and
Safe Streets Act of 1968, section 701 (added by the Comprehensive
Crime Control Act of 1984, title II, sec.  609A(a), P.L.  98-473,
Oct.  12, 1984) (42 U.S.C.  3771(a)). 

Objective:  To alert America's youth, community, organization, and
business leaders to the dangers of drug abuse, crime, and violence
and to educate them about the FBI's role in the war against crime,
drugs, gangs, and violence.  Further, to assist youth, community,
organization, and business leaders in understanding the dangerous
effects of these illegal activities on their health and on society as
a whole. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence intervention, gang intervention,
mentoring, tutoring, conflict resolution, substance abuse
intervention, focused activities, parental/family intervention,
clearinghouses, teen pregnancy intervention, and citizens' academies. 

Target groups:  All youth. 


      COMMUNITY RELATIONS SERVICE
      INITIATIVES
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.4

Administered by:  Community Relations Service. 

Federal funding for youth:  $10 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Civil Rights Act of 1964, title X,
section 1002, Public Law 88-352, July 2, 1964 (42 U.S.C.  2000g-1). 

Objective:  To prevent or resolve community conflicts and tensions
arising from actions, policies, and practices perceived to be
discriminatory on the basis of race, color, or national origin.  This
program provides conciliation, mediation, technical assistance, and
training.  It also offers special programs for schools, such as peer
mediation services, student conflict resolution teams, student
problem identification resolution programs, school/community-based
programs for conflict management, cultural awareness training, and
management of school disruptions and violence. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence intervention, gang intervention,
conflict resolution, parental/family intervention, and training and
technical assistance. 

Target groups:  All youth, at-risk/high-risk youth, and delinquents. 


      CRIME VICTIM
      ASSISTANCE/DISCRETIONARY
      GRANTS
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.5

Administered by:  Office of Justice Programs, Office for Victims of
Crime. 

Federal funding for youth:  $0.  No federal dollars are appropriated;
funding is provided by the Department of Justice's Crime Victims
Fund. 

Legislative authorization:  Victims of Crime Act of 1984, title II,
section 1404(c), Public Law 98-473, Oct.  12, 1984, as amended (42
U.S.C.  10603(c)). 

Objective:  To fund crucial victim services, support training for the
diverse professionals who work with crime victims, and develop
projects to enhance victims' rights and services. 

Services provided:  Counseling, support services, planning and
program development, training and technical assistance,
research/evaluation, and clearinghouses. 

Target groups:  Abused/neglected, victims of crime, and Native
Americans. 


      CRIME VICTIM ASSISTANCE
      FORMULA GRANT PROGRAM
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.6

Administered by:  Office of Justice Programs, Office for Victims of
Crime. 

Federal funding for youth:  $0.  No federal dollars are appropriated;
funding is provided by the Department of Justice's Crime Victims
Fund. 

Legislative authorization:  Victims of Crime Act of 1984, title II,
section 1404(a), Public Law 98-473, Oct.  12, 1984, as amended (42
U.S.C.  10603(a)). 

Objective:  To provide services to victims of crime through public
and private nonprofit organizations, such as domestic violence
shelters; child abuse programs; rape crisis centers; and victim
services in law enforcement agencies and prosecutors' offices,
hospitals, and social service agencies. 

Services provided:  Counseling, support services, crisis
intervention, court notification, case information, and referrals. 

Target groups:  Abused/neglected and victims of crime. 


      CRIME VICTIM COMPENSATION
      FORMULA GRANT PROGRAM
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.7

Administered by:  Office of Justice Programs, Office for Victims of
Crime. 

Federal funding for youth:  $0.  No federal dollars are appropriated;
funding is provided by the Department of Justice's Crime Victims
Fund. 

Legislative authorization:  Victims of Crime Act of 1984, title II,
section 1403, Public Law 98-473, Oct.  12, 1984, as amended (42
U.S.C.  10602). 

Objective:  To help support state compensation programs for crime
victims that reimburse victims of violent crime for expenses like
lost wages and medical, counseling, and funeral costs that are not
covered by other sources, such as medical insurance or workers'
compensation. 

Services provided:  Counseling and support services. 

Target groups:  Victims of crime. 


      EDWARD BYRNE MEMORIAL STATE
      AND LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT
      ASSISTANCE
      PROGRAMS--DISCRETIONARY
      GRANT
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.8

Administered by:  Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice
Assistance. 

Federal funding for youth:  $28.8 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets
Act of 1968, title I, part B, sections 510-18, as amended (added by
Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, sec.  6091(a), P.L.  100-690, Nov.  18,
1988) (42 U.S.C.  3760-3764). 

Objective:  To provide funds to assist states and units of local
government in carrying out specific programs that offer a high
probability of improving the functioning of the criminal justice
system, and to enhance drug control efforts at the state and local
levels.  The program places special emphasis on nationwide and
multijurisdictional projects and programs that address the drug
problem and advance national drug control priorities. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence intervention, gang intervention,
mentoring, tutoring, conflict resolution, counseling, substance
abuse, focused activities, and training and technical assistance. 

Target groups:  At-risk/high-risk youth, drug/alcohol abusers,
delinquents, and juvenile offenders. 


      EDWARD BYRNE MEMORIAL STATE
      AND LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT
      ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS--FORMULA
      GRANT
----------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.9

Administered by:  Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice
Assistance. 

Federal funding for youth:  $48.5 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets
Act of 1968, title I, part A, sections 501-9, as amended (added by
Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, sec.  6091(a), P.L.  100-690, Nov.  18,
1988) (42 U.S.C.  3751-59). 

Objective:  To provide funds to assist states and units of local
government in carrying out specific programs that offer a high
probability of improving the functioning of the criminal justice
system, and to enhance drug control efforts at the state and local
levels.  The program places special emphasis on state-directed
projects and programs that address the drug problem and advance
national drug control priorities. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence intervention, gang intervention,
conflict resolution, counseling, substance abuse intervention, job
training assistance, focused activities, parental/family
intervention, planning and program development, training and
technical assistance, research/evaluation, and capital improvements. 

Target groups:  Drug/alcohol abusers, juvenile offenders, and victims
of crime. 


      GANG-FREE SCHOOLS AND
      COMMUNITIES--COMMUNITY-BASED
      GANG INTERVENTION
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.10

Administered by:  Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 

Federal funding for youth:  $10 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention Act of 1974, title II, part D, sections 281-83, as amended
(added by P.L.  102-586, sec.  2(i), Nov.  4, 1992) (42 U.S.C. 
5667-5667b). 

Objective:  To prevent and reduce the participation of juveniles in
the activities of gangs that commit crimes.  Activities include (1)
individual, peer, family, and group counseling, including life skills
training and preparation for living independently; (2) education and
social services to address the social and developmental needs of
juveniles; (3) crisis intervention and counseling for juveniles at
risk of gang involvement and their families; (4) support and
implementation of neighborhood and community groups to work closely
with parents and schools and law enforcement and other agencies in
the community; (5) training for adults who have significant
relationships with juveniles to provide constructive alternatives to
gang activities; and (6) research and evaluation of gang prevention,
intervention, and suppression strategies. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, crime/violence
intervention, gang intervention, mentoring, tutoring, conflict
resolution, counseling, substance abuse intervention, job training
assistance, support services, focused activities, parental/family
intervention, planning and program development, training and
technical assistance, research/evaluation, and clearinghouses. 

Target groups:  At-risk/high-risk youth, delinquents, juvenile
offenders, gang members, and youth under age 22. 


      JUSTICE RESEARCH,
      DEVELOPMENT, AND EVALUATION
      PROJECT GRANTS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.11

Administered by:  Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of
Justice. 

Federal funding for youth:  $4.8 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets
Act of 1968, title I, sections 202-3, as amended (added by Justice
System Improvement Act of 1979, sec.  2, P.L.  96-157, Dec.  27,
1979) (42 U.S.C.  3722-23). 

Objective:  To encourage and support research, development, and
evaluation to further understanding of the causes and control of
crime and to improve the criminal justice system. 

Services provided:  Training and technical assistance,
research/evaluation, and clearinghouses. 

Target groups:  At-risk/high-risk youth, abused/neglected,
drug/alcohol abusers, juvenile offenders, and victims of crime. 


      JUVENILE JUSTICE AND
      DELINQUENCY
      PREVENTION--ALLOCATION TO
      STATES (STATE FORMULA
      GRANTS) PART B
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.12

Administered by:  Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 

Federal funding for youth:  $70 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention Act of 1974, title II, part B, sections 221-23, Public Law
93-415, Sept.  7, 1974, as amended (42 U.S.C.  5631-33). 

Objective:  To assist states and units of general local government or
combinations thereof in planning, establishing, operating,
coordinating, and evaluating projects, directly or through grants and
contracts with public and private agencies, for the development of
more effective education, training, research, prevention, diversion,
treatment, and rehabilitation programs in the area of juvenile
delinquency, and programs to improve the juvenile justice system. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, crime/violence
intervention, gang intervention, mentoring, tutoring, conflict
resolution, counseling, substance abuse intervention, job training
assistance, support services, focused activities, parental/family
involvement, planning and program development, training and technical
assistance, and research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  All youth, at-risk/high-risk youth, drug/alcohol
abusers, delinquents, juvenile offenders, school dropouts,
minorities, and children under age 18. 


      JUVENILE JUSTICE AND
      DELINQUENCY
      PREVENTION--JUVENILE
      MENTORING, PART G
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.13

Administered by:  Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 

Federal funding for youth:  $4 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention Act of 1974, title II, part G, sections 288-88H, as
amended (added by P.L.  102-586, sec.  2(i)(1)(C), Nov.  4, 1992) (42
U.S.C.  5667e through 5667e-8). 

Objective:  To establish mentoring programs for at-risk youth to
reduce juvenile delinquency and gang participation, improve academic
performance of youth, and reduce the dropout rate.  A "mentor" is
defined as a person who works with an at-risk youth on a one-to-one
basis, establishing a supportive relationship, helping improve the
student's academic performance, and enhancing his or her good
citizenship potential. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, gang intervention,
mentoring, tutoring, counseling, job training assistance, support
services, focused activities, and training and technical assistance. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged, at-risk/high-risk youth,
delinquents, and school-aged children. 


      JUVENILE JUSTICE AND
      DELINQUENCY PREVENTION
      NATIONAL
      PROGRAMS--DISCRETIONARY
      GRANTS, PART C
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.14

Administered by:  Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 

Federal funding for youth:  $25 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention Act of 1974, title II, part C, sections 261-62, as amended
(added by Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, sec.  7263, P.L.  100-690,
Nov.  18, 1988) (42 U.S.C.  5665 and 5665a). 

Objective:  To develop and implement programs that design, test, and
demonstrate effective approaches, techniques, and methods for
preventing and controlling juvenile delinquency, such as
community-based alternatives to institutional confinement; effective
means of diverting juveniles from the traditional juvenile justice
and correctional systems; programs stressing advocacy activities
aimed at improving services to youth affected by the juvenile justice
system; model programs to strengthen and maintain the family unit,
including self-help programs; prevention and treatment programs
relating to juveniles who commit serious crimes; programs to prevent
hate crimes; and a national law-related education program of
delinquency prevention. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, crime/violence
intervention, gang intervention, tutoring, conflict resolution,
counseling, substance abuse intervention, job training assistance,
support services, focused activities, parental/family intervention,
planning and program development, training and technical assistance,
research/evaluation, and clearinghouses. 

Target groups:  All youth (ages vary as defined by state laws). 


      JUVENILE JUSTICE AND
      DELINQUENCY
      PREVENTION--STATE CHALLENGE
      ACTIVITIES, PART E
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.15

Administered by:  Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 

Federal funding for youth:  $10 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention Act of 1974, title II, part E, section 285 (added by P.L. 
102-586, sec.  2(i)(1)(C), Nov.  4, 1992) (42 U.S.C.  5667c). 

Objective:  To provide incentives for states participating in the
Formula Grants program to develop, adopt, and improve policies and
programs in 1 or more of 10 specific Challenge Activities, including
developing and adopting policies and programs to provide basic
health, mental health, and education services for youth in the
juvenile justice system; provide access to counsel; increase
community-based alternatives to incarceration; provide secure
settings for the placement of violent juvenile offenders; prohibit
gender bias in placement and treatment; establish a state ombudsman;
remove, where appropriate, status offenders from the jurisdiction of
the juvenile court, to prevent secure detentions; serve as
alternatives to suspension and expulsion from school; increase
aftercare services; and establish a state administrative structure to
provide comprehensive coordinated services for juveniles and their
families. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, job training assistance,
planning and program development, training and technical assistance,
and research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  All youth under age 18. 


      MISSING AND EXPLOITED
      CHILDREN PROGRAM (TITLE IV)
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.16

Administered by:  Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 

Federal funding for youth:  $6.7 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention Act of 1974, title IV, sections 402-7, as amended (added
by P.L.  98-473, sec.  660, Oct.  12, 1984) (42 U.S.C.  5771-76). 

Objective:  To provide training, technical assistance, research, and
information relating to missing and exploited children and to
establish a network of programs and services that benefit missing and
exploited children and their families by assisting in the location,
recovery, and return of and provision of follow-up care for missing
and exploited children. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence intervention, training and
technical assistance, research/evaluation, and clearinghouses. 

Target groups:  Missing/exploited/abducted children and runaways/the
homeless. 


      PUBLIC EDUCATION ON DRUG
      ABUSE
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.17

Administered by:  Drug Enforcement Administration, Demand Reduction
Section. 

Federal funding for youth:  $650,000. 

Legislative authorization:  Controlled Substances Act, title II,
section 502, Public Law 91-513, Oct.  27, 1970, as amended (21 U.S.C. 
872). 

Objective:  To provide leadership in coordinating and facilitating
the involvement of law enforcement and the community in drug
prevention and education in six broad areas:  antilegalization, law
enforcement training, youth programs, drugs in the workplace, sports
drug awareness, and community coalitions. 

Services provided:  Substance abuse intervention, focused activities,
planning and program development, and training and technical
assistance. 

Target groups:  At-risk/high-risk youth, youth athletes, law
enforcement, community groups, employers, educators, and health
professionals. 


      TITLE II:  PART
      A--CONCENTRATION OF FEDERAL
      EFFORTS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.18

Administered by:  Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 

Federal funding for youth:  $200,000. 

Legislative authorization:  Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention Act of 1974, title II, part A, section 204, Public Law
93-415, Sept.  7, 1974, as amended (42 U.S.C.  5614). 

Objective:  To promote interagency cooperation and collaborative
programs among federal, state, and local programs by fostering
communication among agencies involved in juvenile justice,
delinquency prevention, and missing children's programs to eliminate
duplication of effort and provide for the most effective use of
federal funds to benefit juveniles, particularly at-risk youth and
youth in the juvenile justice system. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, crime/violence
intervention, gang intervention, mentoring, tutoring, conflict
resolution, counseling, substance abuse intervention, job training
assistance, support services, focused activities, parental/family
intervention, planning and program development, training and
technical assistance, research/evaluation, and clearinghouses. 

Target groups:  All youth. 


      TITLE V--INCENTIVE GRANTS
      FOR LOCAL DELINQUENCY
      PREVENTION PROGRAMS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.19

Administered by:  Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 

Federal funding for youth:  $20 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention Act of 1974, title V, sections 502-6 (added by P.L. 
102-586, sec.  5(a), Nov.  4, 1992) (42 U.S.C.  5781-85). 

Objective:  To reduce delinquency and youth violence by supporting
communities in providing their children, families, neighborhoods, and
institutions with the knowledge, skills, and opportunities necessary
to foster a healthy and nurturing environment that supports the
growth and development of productive and responsible citizens. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, crime/violence
intervention, gang intervention, mentoring, tutoring, conflict
resolution, counseling, substance abuse intervention, job training
assistance, support services, focused activities, parental/family
intervention, planning and program development, training and
technical assistance, and research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  All youth and juveniles (as defined by state laws). 


      TREATMENT FOR JUVENILE
      OFFENDERS WHO ARE VICTIMS OF
      CHILD ABUSE OR NEGLECT, PART
      F
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.20

Administered by:  Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 

Federal funding for youth:  $0.  Agency officials said this program
has had no funding since fiscal year 1992. 

Legislative authorization:  Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention Act of 1974, title II, part F, sections 287-87C (added by
P.L.  102-586, sec.  2(i)(1)(C), Nov.  4, 1992 (42 U.S.C.  5667d
through 5667d-3). 

Objective:  To authorize grants to public and nonprofit private
organizations for treatment of juvenile offenders who are victims of
child abuse or neglect, provide transitional services to juvenile
offenders, and conduct research. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, conflict resolution,
counseling, parental/family intervention, and research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  Abused/neglected children under age 18. 


      VICTIMS OF CHILD ABUSE
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.21

Administered by:  Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 

Federal funding for youth:  $11.2 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990, title
II, sections 211-31, Public Law 101-647, Nov.  29, 1990, as amended
(42 U.S.C.  13001-41). 

Objective:  To improve the prosecution, investigation, and court
handling of child abuse and neglect cases by providing training and
technical assistance to practitioners and court personnel, and to
foster and strengthen community-based multidisciplinary approaches to
the prosecution, investigation, and management of child abuse and
neglect cases.  Also, to ensure that the interests of child victims
are represented to and protected by the courts and to assist
communities in developing programs to improve the resources for
children and families and to enhance coordination among community
entities. 

Services provided:  Planning and program development, training and
technical assistance, research/evaluation, clearinghouses, and
regional technical resource centers. 

Target groups:  All youth. 


      WEED AND SEED PROGRAM FUND
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:9.22

Administered by:  Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice
Administration, National Institute of Justice, Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Executive Office of Weed
and Seed (in conjunction with the Department of Housing and Urban
Development, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public and Indian
Housing; Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health
Service and Administration for Children and Families; Department of
Labor, Employment and Training Administration; Department of
Agriculture, Assistant Secretary of Science and Education; and the
Corporation for National and Community Service, AmeriCorps). 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Agency officials
could not determine the amount of funds spent on youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Balanced Budget Downpayment Act, title
II, section 201(a), Public Law 104-99, Jan.  26, 1996. 

Objective:  To develop a comprehensive, multidisciplinary strategy to
control and prevent violent crime, drug trafficking, and drug-related
crime in targeted high-crime neighborhoods; coordinate and integrate
existing and new federal, state, local, and private-sector
initiatives, criminal justice efforts, and human services;
concentrate resources in project sites to maximize impact on reducing
and preventing violent crime, drug trafficking, and drug-related
crime; mobilize community residents in targeted sites to assist law
enforcement in identifying and removing violent offenders and drug
traffickers from their neighborhoods and assist other human service
agencies in identifying and responding to service needs of the target
area; and promote neighborhood restoration and revitalization through
economic development. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, crime/violence
intervention, gang intervention, mentoring, tutoring, conflict
resolution, counseling, substance abuse intervention, job training
assistance, support services, focused activities, parental/family
intervention, planning and program development, and training and
technical assistance. 

Target groups:  At-risk/high-risk youth. 


   DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix III:10


      JOB TRAINING FOR THE
      HOMELESS DEMONSTRATION
      PROGRAM
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:10.1

Administered by:  Employment and Training Administration. 

Federal funding for youth:  $0.  Appropriation rescinded. 

Legislative authorization:  Stewart B.  McKinney Homeless Assistance
Act of 1987, as amended, title VII-C (42 U.S.C.  1130, 11441 and the
following).  The program was terminated on Oct.  1, 1995 (P.L. 
103-239, sec.  701(b), May 4, 1994 (42 U.S.C.  11450)). 

Objective:  To award grants to public and private agencies to
demonstrate innovative and replicable approaches to providing job
training to the homeless. 

Services provided:  Research/evaluation. 

Target groups:  Runaways/the homeless aged 14 and older. 


      JOB TRAINING PARTNERSHIP ACT
      (JTPA)--JOB CORPS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:10.2

Administered by:  Employment and Training Administration. 

Federal funding for youth:  $1.1 billion. 

Legislative authorization:  Job Training Partnership Act, title IV,
part B, sections 421-39, Public Law 97-300, Oct.  13, 1982, as
amended (29 U.S.C.  1691-1709). 

Objective:  To assist young people who need and can benefit from an
unusually intensive program, operated primarily in the residential
setting of a Job Corps center, to become more responsible,
employable, and productive citizens.  The program is highly targeted
to the most severely disadvantaged youth facing multiple barriers to
employment. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, counseling, substance
abuse intervention, job training assistance, support services,
focused activities, and capital improvements. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged and youth aged 14 through
22. 


      JTPA TITLE II-B--SUMMER
      YOUTH EMPLOYMENT AND
      TRAINING
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:10.3

Administered by:  Employment and Training Administration. 

Federal funding for youth:  $0.  Appropriation rescinded. 

Legislative authorization:  Job Training Partnership Act, title II,
part B, sections 251-56, as amended (added by Job Training Reform
Amendments of 1992, sec.  204, P.L.  102-367, Sept.  7, 1992) (29
U.S.C.  1630-35). 

Objective:  To enhance the basic educational skills of youth,
encourage school completion or enrollment in supplementary or
alternative school programs, provide exposure to the world of work,
and enhance the citizenship of youth. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, job training assistance,
and support services. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged youth aged 14 through 21. 


      JTPA TITLE II-C--YEAR-ROUND
      YOUTH PROGRAM
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:10.4

Administered by:  Employment and Training Administration. 

Federal funding for youth:  $126.7 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Job Training Partnership Act, title II,
part C, sections 261-66, as amended (added by Job Training Reform
Amendments of 1992, sec.  206-8, P.L.  102-367, Sept.  7, 1992 (29
U.S.C.  1641-46). 

Objective:  To improve the long-term employability of youth; enhance
the citizenship and educational and occupational potential of youth;
encourage school completion or enrollment in alternative school
programs; increase the employment and earnings of youth; reduce
welfare dependency; and assist youth in addressing problems that
impair their transition from school to work, apprenticeships, the
military, or postsecondary education and training. 

Services provided:  Mentoring, tutoring, and job training assistance. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged, juvenile offenders,
runaways/the homeless, school dropouts, populations with basic skill
deficiencies, pregnant teens and young women, populations with
disabilities, and youth aged 14 through 21. 


      MIGRANT AND SEASONAL
      FARMWORKER PROGRAMS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:10.5

Administered by:  Employment and Training Administration. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Agency officials
could not determine amount of money spent on youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Job Training Partnership Act, title IV,
part A, section 402, Public Law 97-300, Oct.  13, 1982, as amended
(29 U.S.C.  1672). 

Objective:  To provide job training, job search assistance, and other
supportive services for those individuals who suffer chronic seasonal
unemployment and underemployment in the agricultural industry.  To
enable farmworkers and their dependents to obtain or retain
employment. 

Services provided:  Job training assistance and support services. 

Target groups:  Disadvantaged migrants. 


      NATIVE AMERICAN PROGRAMS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:10.6

Administered by:  Employment and Training Administration. 

Federal funding for youth:  Amount not available.  Agency officials
could not determine the amount of money spent on youth. 

Legislative authorization:  Job Training Partnership Act, title A,
section 401, Public Law 97-300, Oct.  13, 1982, as amended (29 U.S.C. 
1671). 

Objective:  To provide job training to Native Americans facing
serious barriers to employment who are in special need of such
training to obtain productive employment, reduce the economic
disadvantages among Indians and others of Native American descent,
and advance the economic and social development of such people. 

Services provided:  Job training assistance and support services. 

Target groups:  Native Americans. 


      SCHOOL TO WORK OPPORTUNITIES
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:10.7

Administered by:  Employment and Training Administration (in
conjunction with the Department of Education, Office of Vocational
and Adult Education). 

Federal funding for youth:  $245 million. 

Legislative authorization:  School-to-Work Opportunities Act of 1994,
Public Law 103-239, May 4, 1994 (20 U.S.C.  6101-51).  The program is
to terminate Oct.  1, 2001 (P.L.  103-239, sec.  802 (20 U.S.C. 
6251)). 

Objective:  To help states and communities build comprehensive
school-to-work systems.  Such systems offer young Americans
opportunities to prepare for high-skill, high-wage careers; to
receive top-quality academic educations; and to pursue further
education or training. 

Services provided:  Planning and program development and training and
technical assistance. 

Target groups:  All youth. 


      TARGETED JOBS TAX CREDIT
      PROGRAM
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:10.8

Administered by:  Employment and Training Administration. 

Federal funding for youth:  $10.3 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Internal Revenue Code, section 280C, as
amended (added by Tax Reduction and Simplification Act of 1977, title
II, sec.  202(c)(1), P.L.  95-30, May 23, 1977) (26 U.S.C.  280C). 

Objective:  To provide tax credits for employers who hire from nine
target groups that traditionally find it difficult to obtain and hold
a job.  These groups include economically disadvantaged youth and
welfare recipients. 

Services provided:  Job training assistance. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged youth aged 16 through 22. 


      YOUTH FAIR CHANCE
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:10.9

Administered by:  Employment and Training Administration. 

Federal funding for youth:  $0.  Appropriation rescinded. 

Legislative authorization:  Job Training Partnership Act, title IV,
part H, sections 491-98A, as amended (added by Job Training Reform
Amendments of 1992, sec.  406, P.L.  102-367, Sept.  7, 1992) (29
U.S.C.  1782-82h). 

Objective:  To ensure access to education and training assistance for
youth residing in high-poverty urban and rural areas, provide a
comprehensive range of services to disadvantaged youth who are not
currently served or are underserved by federal education and job
training programs, enable communities with high concentrations of
poverty to establish and meet goals for improving the opportunities
available to youth within the community, and facilitate the
coordination of comprehensive services to youth in such communities. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills and job training
assistance. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged young adults aged 14
through 30. 


   DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix III:11


      ALCOHOL TRAFFIC SAFETY AND
      DRUNK DRIVING PREVENTION
      INCENTIVE GRANTS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:11.1

Administered by:  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 

Federal funding for youth:  $5.1 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, title IX,
section 9002(a), Public Law 100-690, Nov.  18, 1988, as amended (23
U.S.C.  410). 

Objective:  To encourage states to adopt effective programs to reduce
crashes resulting from people driving while under the influence of
alcohol and other controlled substances. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence intervention, substance abuse
intervention, and training and technical assistance. 

Target groups:  Drug/alcohol abusers aged 15 through 20. 


      STATE AND COMMUNITY HIGHWAY
      SAFETY
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:11.2

Administered by:  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 

Federal funding for youth:  $15.6 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Highway Safety Act of 1966, title I,
section 101, Public Law 89-564, Sept.  9, 1966, as amended (23 U.S.C. 
402). 

Objective:  To provide a coordinated national highway safety
(including youth alcohol safety) program to reduce traffic accidents,
deaths, injuries, and property damage. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence intervention, substance abuse
intervention, and training and technical assistance. 

Target groups:  Drug/alcohol abusers aged 15 through 20. 


      YOUTH IMPAIRED DRIVING
      PROJECTS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:11.3

Administered by:  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 

Federal funding for youth:  $1.4 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Highway Safety Act of 1966, title I,
section 101, Public Law 89-564, Sept.  9, 1966, as amended (23 U.S.C. 
403). 

Objective:  To provide federal discretionary funds used for technical
assistance and direct project grants to organizations such as Mothers
Against Drunk Driving. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence intervention, substance abuse
intervention, and training and technical assistance. 

Target groups:  Drug/alcohol abusers aged 15 through 20. 


   DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix III:12


      GANG RESISTANCE EDUCATION
      AND TRAINING PROJECTS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:12.1

Administered by:  Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms; National
Programs Division; G.R.E.A.T.  Branch. 

Federal funding for youth:  $16.2 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement
Act of 1994, title III, subtitle X, section 32401, Public Law 103-322
(42 U.S.C.  13921). 

Objective:  To provide training to grade school children to resist
the pressure to join a gang.  To provide children with alternatives
to violence when resolving a conflict, provide short- and long-term
goals, and teach children to make sound choices and be responsible
for their actions. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence intervention, gang intervention,
focused activities, parental/family intervention. 

Target groups:  All youth in grades seven and eight. 


   ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix III:13


      ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
      GRANTS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:13.1

Administered by:  Office of Communications, Education, and Public
Affairs; Environmental Education Division. 

Federal funding for youth:  $2.9 million. 

Legislative authorization:  National Environmental Education Act,
section 6, Public Law 101-619, Nov.  16, 1990, as amended (20 U.S.C. 
5505). 

Objective:  To support projects to design, demonstrate, or
disseminate practices, methods, or techniques related to
environmental education and training. 

Services provided:  Job training assistance, planning and program
development, and training and technical assistance. 

Target groups:  All youth, economically disadvantaged,
at-risk/high-risk, and minorities. 


   NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS
   AND HUMANITIES
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix III:14


      PROMOTION OF THE ARTS--ARTS
      FOR YOUTH
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:14.1

Administered by:  National Endowment for the Arts. 

Federal funding for youth:  $350,000. 

Legislative authorization:  National Foundation on the Arts and the
Humanities Act of 1965, section 5, Public Law 89-209, Sept.  29,
1965, as amended (20 U.S.C.  954); Arts, Humanities, and Museums
Amendments of 1990, section 318, Public Law 101-512, Nov.  5, 1990
(20 U.S.C.  954a). 

Objective:  To focus and strengthen efforts to use the arts as a tool
to reach and educate at-risk youth. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, mentoring, tutoring,
conflict resolution, and focused activities. 

Target groups:  At-risk/high-risk youth and students in
prekindergarten through 12th grade. 


      PROMOTION OF THE ARTS--ARTS
      IN EDUCATION--ART CORPS
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:14.2

Administered by:  National Endowment for the Arts. 

Federal funding for youth:  $5.8 million. 

Legislative authorization:  National Foundation on the Arts and the
Humanities Act of 1965, section 5, Public Law 89-209, Sept.  29,
1965, as amended (20 U.S.C.  954); Arts, Humanities, and Museums
Amendments of 1990, section 318, Public Law 101-512, Nov.  5, 1990
(20 U.S.C.  954a). 

Objective:  To encourage state and local arts agencies in developing
and supporting cultural activities, art programs, art education, and
art research for children, adults, and communities. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills and focused activities. 

Target groups:  All youth, at-risk/high-risk youth, and students in
prekindergarten through 12th grade. 


      PROMOTION OF THE
      ARTS--EXPANSION ARTS--ARTS
      EDUCATION INITIATIVE
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:14.3

Administered by:  National Endowment for the Arts. 

Federal funding for youth:  $275,000. 

Legislative authorization:  National Foundation on the Arts and the
Humanities Act of 1965, section 5, Public Law 89-209, Sept.  29,
1965, as amended (20 U.S.C.  954); Arts, Humanities, and Museums
Amendments of 1990, section 318, Public Law 101-512, Nov.  5, 1990
(20 U.S.C.  954a). 

Objective:  To provide activities for school-age youth in underserved
(rural, inner-city, and ethnically diverse) populations to encourage
cultural understanding, enhance personal growth, and foster mentoring
partnerships. 

Services provided:  Self-sufficiency skills, mentoring, tutoring,
conflict resolution, counseling, and focused activities. 

Target groups:  Economically disadvantaged, inner-city youth, rural
populations, ethnically diverse, youth with physical and mental
disabilities, and students in kindergarten through 12th grade. 


      PROMOTION OF THE ARTS--STATE
      AND REGIONAL PROGRAM
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:14.4

Administered by:  National Endowment for the Arts. 

Federal funding for youth:  $2.7 million. 

Legislative authorization:  National Foundation on the Arts and the
Humanities Act of 1965, section 5, Public Law 89-209, Sept.  29,
1965, as amended (20 U.S.C.  954); Arts, Humanities, and Museums
Amendments of 1990, section 318, Public Law 101-512, Nov.  5, 1990
(20 U.S.C.  954a). 

Objective:  To develop arts programs and build audiences in
underserved communities.  Initiatives such as Art Corps in creative
work--music, dance, theater, and visual arts--help to create pride in
cultural heritage and engender a sense of self-worth. 

Services provided:  Mentoring, tutoring, conflict resolution,
counseling, job training assistance, and focused activities. 

Target groups:  Minority youth, inner-city youth, and rural youth. 


   PRESIDENT'S CRIME PREVENTION
   COUNCIL
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix III:15


      PRESIDENT'S CRIME PREVENTION
      COUNCIL
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:15.1

Administered by:  President's Crime Prevention Council

Federal funding for youth:  $1.5 million. 

Legislative authorization:  Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement
Act of 1994, title III, part A, sections 30101-4, Public Law 103-322,
Sept.  13, 1994 (42 U.S.C.  13741-44). 

Objective:  To help coordinate the administration of crime prevention
programs authorized by the Violent Crime Control Act.  In addition,
the Council is responsible for publishing a comprehensive catalog of
prevention programs, coordinating planning, and providing training
and technical assistance to communities and community organizations. 
Under its Ounce of Prevention grant program, the Council distributes
grants to Empowerment Zone/Enterprise Community areas to support the
coordination and, where possible, the integration of public safety
and youth development services, including summer and after-school
care; mentoring and tutoring; job training and placement; and
prevention and treatment targeting substance abuse, child abuse, and
adolescent pregnancy. 

Services provided:  Crime/violence intervention, planning and program
development, and training and technical assistance. 

Target groups:  All youth, economically disadvantaged, and
at-risk/high-risk youth. 


   STATE JUSTICE INSTITUTE
------------------------------------------------------ Appendix III:16


      STATE JUSTICE INSTITUTE
---------------------------------------------------- Appendix III:16.1

Administered by:  State Justice Institute. 

Federal funding for youth:  $1.5 million. 

Legislative authorization:  State Justice Act of 1984, title II,
sections 206-7, Public Law 98-620, Nov.  8, 1984, as amended (42
U.S.C.  10705-6). 

Objective:  To improve the quality of justice in the state courts;
facilitate better coordination and information sharing between state
and federal courts; and foster innovative, efficient solutions to
common problems faced by all courts. 

Services provided:  Training and technical assistance,
research/evaluation, and clearinghouses. 

Target groups:  Judges and court personnel, including those hearing
cases involving youth and families at risk. 


GAO CONTACTS AND STAFF
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
========================================================== Appendix IV

GAO CONTACTS

Timothy W.  Silva, Senior Evaluator, (202) 512-7041
Tamara A.  Lumpkin, Evaluator, (202) 512-5699

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The following team members contributed significantly to this report: 
Sarah Colson, Valerie S.  Dumas, Jacqueline Harpp, Sharon Jizmejian,
Richard B.  Kelley, John Leahy, Laura Miner-Kowalski, and Audley
Smith, evaluators; Damaris Delgado-Vega and Dayna Shah, attorneys;
Edmund Price, technical specialist; and Judith White, information
processing assistant. 


*** End of document. ***