Occupational Safety and Health: Violations of Safety and Health
Regulations by Federal Contractors (Letter Report, 08/23/96,
GAO/HEHS-96-157).

Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO examined federal contractors
compliance with federal occupational safety and health regulations.

GAO found that: (1) federal contracts are awarded to employers violating
the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA); (2) in fiscal year (FY)
1994, 261 federal contractors received penalties of at least $15,000 for
violating OSHA regulations; (3) 5 percent of these contractors received
more than $500 million in federal contracts; (4) contract violations
typically occurred at worksites with fewer than 500 employees and at
manufacturing plants; (5) federal contractors received $38 billion in
contract dollars for FY 1994; (6) most of the contract violations
involved companies' failure to protect their workers from electrical
hazard or injury; (7) the actual penalties assessed during contractor
worksite inspections totalled $10.9 million; (8) in 8 percent of those
inspections, the contractor received a penalty of at least $100,000; (9)
some of the federal contractors participated in the OSHA Voluntary
Compliance Program; (10) OSHA contracting and debarring officials use
safety and health compliance information to make their award decisions;
and (11) federal contractors would be more attentive to their safety and
health practices if OSHA gave greater priority to those high-hazard
workplaces operated by federal contractors.

--------------------------- Indexing Terms -----------------------------

 REPORTNUM:  HEHS-96-157
     TITLE:  Occupational Safety and Health: Violations of Safety and 
             Health Regulations by Federal Contractors
      DATE:  08/23/96
   SUBJECT:  Occupational safety
             Safety regulation
             Working conditions
             Occupational health standards
             Federal procurement
             Labor law
             Proposed legislation
             Contract noncompliance
             Contract violations
             Fines (penalties)
IDENTIFIER:  OSHA Voluntary Protection Program
             GSA Federal Procurement Data System
             OSHA Integrated Management Information System
             OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
             National Performance Review
             
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Cover
================================================================ COVER


Report to Congressional Requesters

August 1996

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH -
VIOLATIONS OF SAFETY AND HEALTH
REGULATIONS BY FEDERAL CONTRACTORS

GAO/HEHS-96-157

Federal Contractor Safety Practices

(205305)


Abbreviations
=============================================================== ABBREV

  AT&T - American Telephone and Telegraph
  CEC - contractor establishment code
  CWHSSA - Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act
  FPDS - Federal Procurement Data System
  GSA - General Services Administration
  IMIS - Integrated Management Information System
  NLRA - National Labor Relations Act
  NPR - National Performance Review
  OFCCP - Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs
  OMB - Office of Management and Budget
  OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  OSHRC - Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission
  SIC - Standard Industrial Classification
  ULTICEC - ultimate contractor establishment code
  UPS - United Parcel Service Amer., Inc. 
  VPP - Voluntary Protection Program

Letter
=============================================================== LETTER


B-270418

August 23, 1996

The Honorable Paul Simon
United States Senate

The Honorable Edward M.  Kennedy
United States Senate

The federal government spends roughly $200 billion each year in
contracts for goods and services.  Some private sector companies
continue to be awarded contracts every year even though they violate
federal laws intended to protect worker health and safety.  Senator
Simon has proposed legislation that would restrict companies that
violate the Occupational Safety and Health Act from receiving federal
contracts.\1 Another proposal, introduced by Senator Kennedy, would
reward companies for responsible behaviors.  This proposal would
reduce taxes and offer preferences in government contracts to
companies for providing training opportunities to their workers and
taking other actions that promote workers' economic security.\2

Given your interest in the safety and health practices of federal
contractors, you asked us to

  -- determine how many companies receiving federal contracts have
     also been assessed penalties for violations of occupational
     safety and health regulations,

  -- describe the characteristics of these contractors and their
     contracts,

  -- describe the kinds of violations for which these contractors
     were cited, and

  -- identify ways to improve contractor compliance with workplace
     safety and health requirements. 

To identify federal contractors assessed penalties for safety and
health violations, we matched violation data from the Occupational
Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) automated database of
inspection results with a database of federal contractors maintained
by the General Services Administration (GSA).  We restricted our
analysis to those OSHA inspections that were closed in fiscal year
1994 in which the proposed penalty assessed by the OSHA compliance
officer was what we defined as significant, regardless of the amount
of the actual penalty recorded when the inspection was closed.  We
used proposed penalties when selecting inspections because they are
based on the compliance officer's judgment of the nature and severity
of violations, while actual penalties may be the product of other
factors such as negotiations between OSHA and the company to
encourage quicker abatement of workplace hazards.  We considered the
proposed penalty assessed by the compliance officer to have been
significant if it was $15,000 or more.\3 We verified by telephone
that the company listed in the OSHA database of inspections was the
same company (or owned by the same parent company) listed in the
federal contractor database. 

We obtained information about the federal contracts and safety and
health violations from the respective GSA and OSHA databases.  We
analyzed the GSA database for the dollar value of fiscal year 1994
contracts received by the violator or its parent company and the
federal agencies that awarded those contracts.  Data limitations
prevented us from determining whether a company's contract activity
occurred at the same worksite where the company was cited for safety
and health violations.  We analyzed the OSHA database for
characteristics of the violations and the worksites inspected. 
Although we verified the link between the two databases, we did not
verify the data in either one. 

To explore ways to improve the compliance of federal contractors with
safety and health regulations, we met with compliance staff at OSHA
and with federal contracting officials at GSA and other agency
experts in procurement.  We did our work from July 1995 to July 1996
in accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards. 
(See app.  I for a detailed discussion of our scope and methodology). 


--------------------
\1 The proposed Federal Contractor Safety and Health Enforcement Act
of 1995 (S.  781) was introduced on May 9, 1995.  It calls for the
Secretary of Labor to promulgate regulations regarding debarment of
contractors "with a clear pattern and practice" of violating the
Occupational Safety and Health Act.  However, the legislation does
not define what a clear pattern and practice is. 

\2 The proposed American Workers Economic Security Act (S.  1668) was
introduced on Apr.  15, 1996. 

\3 Only 3 percent of the 72,950 inspections closed in fiscal year
1994 had proposed penalties of $15,000 or more.  (See app.  I.)


   RESULTS IN BRIEF
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :1

Federal contracts have been awarded to employers who have violated
safety and health regulations issued under the Occupational Safety
and Health Act.  For fiscal year 1994, we found 261 federal
contractors who were the corporate parent companies with worksites at
which OSHA assessed proposed penalties of $15,000 or more for
violations of federal safety and health regulations.\4 Because some
of these contractors owned more than one worksite, we identified 345
inspections, representing 16 percent of all inspections closed in
fiscal year 1994 in which a significant proposed penalty was assessed
for OSHA violations. 

In fiscal year 1994, the 261 federal contractors received $38 billion
in contract dollars, about 22 percent of the $176 billion in federal
contracts of $25,000 or more awarded that year.\5 Most of these
contracts to violators were awarded by the Department of Defense,
with large amounts of contract dollars also awarded by the Department
of Energy and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 
Nearly 5 percent of these 261 federal contractors received more than
$500 million each in federal contracts.  Many of the worksites where
the violations occurred employed 500 or fewer workers and were
engaged in manufacturing.  Paper, food, and primary and fabricated
metals were among the products manufactured. 

The number and nature of the violations for which these 261 federal
contractors were cited, the fatalities associated with violations
found in the 345 inspections, and the high penalties assessed suggest
that workers were at substantial risk of injury or illness in some of
these federal contractors' worksites.  For 88 percent of the 345
inspections, OSHA identified at least one violation that it
classified as serious--posing a risk of death or serious physical
harm to workers.  For 69 percent, it found at least one violation
that it classified as willful--situations in which the employer
intentionally and knowingly committed a violation.  At the worksites
of 50 federal contractors, 35 fatalities and 85 injuries occurred. 
Most of the violations (72 percent) were of general industry
standards, including failure to protect workers from electrical
hazards and injuries due to inadequate machine guarding.  Actual
penalties assessed for violations in all 345 inspections totaled
$10.9 million, and in 8 percent of these inspections the contractor
was assessed a proposed penalty of $100,000 or more. 

Our analysis did not demonstrate, however, that all worksites owned
by these federal contractors were unsafe.  Some contractors operated
other worksites that participated in an OSHA-sanctioned voluntary
compliance program because of their exemplary practices in workplace
safety and health.  In addition, some of the violators we identified
were very large companies; unless safety and health violations were
identified across multiple worksites, a systemic compliance problem
may not be indicated. 

In an earlier report, we recommended that federal and state agencies
develop an information-sharing approach to facilitate the
identification of federal contractors who violate laws that protect
workers' rights to bargain collectively.\6 Similarly, to improve
safety and health compliance in worksites operated by federal
contractors, OSHA and contracting agencies could develop policies and
procedures to facilitate the exchange of information that would
increase the likelihood that a company's safety and health record is
considered in decisions to award a contract or to debar or suspend an
existing contractor.  The prospect of debarment or suspension can
provide impetus for a contractor to undertake remedial measures to
improve working conditions.  OSHA could also emphasize the importance
of contractors' complying with safety and health requirements by
considering whether and how an employer's status as a federal
contractor could be used in setting priorities for targeting
inspections. 


--------------------
\4 We considered the proposed penalty assessed by the compliance
officer to have been significant if it was $15,000 or more,
regardless of the amount of the actual penalty agreed to when the
inspection was closed.  An inspection is closed either because the
employer accepted the citation or a contested citation was resolved. 
The actual penalty is often less than the proposed penalty, but may
be the same if an employer accepted a citation or was refused a
penalty reduction after contesting a citation.  Although these
companies received federal contracts the year their OSHA inspection
was closed (fiscal year 1994), they may not have been receiving
federal contracts when they were initially cited by OSHA.  Some of
these federal contractors were cited as early as 1986. 

\5 The $38 billion in federal contracts were awarded to the parent
companies of the violators.  When using the term federal contractor
in this report, we are referring to the parent company. 

\6 In Worker Protection:  Federal Contractors and Violations of Labor
Law (GAO/HEHS-96-8, Oct.  24, 1995), we found that 80 firms that had
violated the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) had also received
over $23 billion in federal contracts awarded in fiscal year 1993. 
We used a similar matching methodology in both reports.  (See app. 
I.)


   BACKGROUND
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :2

Private sector companies receive billions of dollars annually in
federal government contracts for goods and services.  Data from GSA
show that federal contracts valued at $25,000 or more totaled almost
$176 billion in fiscal year 1994.  Approximately 22 percent of the
labor force, 26 million workers, is employed by companies with
federal contracts and subcontracts, according to fiscal year 1993
estimates of the Department of Labor's Office of Federal Contract
Compliance Programs (OFCCP). 

Federal law and an executive order place greater responsibilities on
federal contractors compared with other employers in some areas of
workplace activity.  For example, federal contractors must comply
with Executive Order 11246, which requires a contractor to develop an
affirmative action program detailing the steps that the contractor
will take and has already taken to ensure equal employment
opportunity for all workers, regardless of race, color, religion,
sex, or national origin.  In addition, the Service Contract Act and
the Davis-Bacon Act require the payment of area-prevailing wages and
benefits on federal contracts in the service and construction
industries, respectively.  Recently, the administration issued an
executive order that would bar federal contractors from receiving
contracts if they hire permanent replacements for striking workers
and another executive order that would bar contractors for hiring
illegal immigrants.\7 Additionally, under the Contract Work Hours and
Safety Standards Act, Labor may debar contractors in the construction
industry for "repeated willful or grossly negligent" violations of
safety and health standards issued under the Occupational Safety and
Health Act. 

Under federal procurement regulations, agencies may deny an award of
a contract or debar or suspend a contractor for a variety of reasons,
including failure to comply with safety and health standards.  Before
awarding a contract, an agency must make a positive finding that the
bidder is responsible as defined in federal procurement
regulations.\8

Also, federal agencies can debar or suspend companies for any "cause
of so serious or compelling a nature that it affects the present
responsibility of a Government contractor or subcontractor."\9
Debarred companies are not allowed to receive federal contracts (or
other forms of federal financial assistance, such as grants and
loans) for a period of time, generally not to exceed 3 years. 
Suspended companies are temporarily disqualified from receiving
federal contracts or other forms of federal financial assistance.  In
determining whether a federal contractor is responsible, agency
awarding and debarring officials could consider compliance with
safety and health standards. 

To help foster consistency among agency regulations concerning
debarment and suspension, Executive Order 12549, issued in February
1986, established the Interagency Committee on Debarment and
Suspension, which consists of agency representatives designated by
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).  This committee meets
monthly and provides the opportunity for agency representatives
(primarily debarring officials) to share information about companies
that they are either trying to debar or suspend or to bring into
compliance with various laws and regulations in order to avoid having
to take an adverse contracting action.  At its monthly meetings, the
committee also helps interpret regulations on debarment or suspension
issued by OMB.  When more than one agency has an interest in a
particular federal contractor, the Interagency Committee coordinates
the assignment of lead agency responsibility for any actions taken
against that contractor. 

GSA maintains the Federal Procurement Data System (FPDS) that tracks
firms awarded contracts of $25,000 or more in federal funding for
products and services.  For fiscal year 1994, FPDS tracked
information on 179,977 contracts totaling almost $176 billion. 
Although it is difficult to estimate the number of federal
contractors, GSA reports there may be 60,000 federal contractors in
that there are as many unique corporate identification codes in
FPDS.\10

FPDS contains a variety of information, including the contractor's
name and location, agency the contract is with, principal place of
contract performance, and contract dollar amounts awarded.  FPDS does
not contain information on contractors' safety and health practices. 

Most private sector firms--regardless of whether they are federal
contractors--must comply with safety and health standards issued
under the Occupational Safety and Health Act.\11 The act was meant
"to assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and
women." The Secretary of Labor established OSHA in 1970 to carry out
a number of responsibilities under the act, including developing and
enforcing safety and health standards, educating workers and
employers about workplace hazards, and establishing responsibilities
and rights for both employers and employees for the achievement of
better safety and health conditions.\12 Even though OSHA has been in
existence for 25 years, work-related illness and injury remain a
substantial problem.  A total of 6,588 workplace fatalities--on
average, 18 fatalities a day--were reported to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics in 1994, a 4-percent increase over 1993.  In addition, a
total of 6.8 million injuries and illnesses were reported in 1994.\13

OSHA cites employers for violations of standards covering a variety
of threats to workplace safety and health.  Safety standards include
those designed to protect against workers falling from stairs or
scaffolds (walking-working surfaces); from injuries due to inadequate
machine guarding (machine guarding); and from electrical hazards
(electrical).  Some standards (for example, excavations, underground
construction, and steel erection) protect against
construction-related injuries.  Health standards protect against
exposure to toxic substances such as lead, asbestos, and bloodborne
pathogens (referring to occupational exposures to blood).  There are
also more generic informational standards relating to the recording
and reporting of occupational injuries and illnesses and for
informing employees about chemical hazards in the workplace.\14 OSHA
may also cite employers for hazards not covered by any standard under
Section 5(a)(1) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, referred
to as the General Duty Clause.  This clause requires that employers
furnish employees a place of work "free from recognized hazards."
OSHA has relied on the General Duty Clause, for example, to regulate
employee exposure to tuberculosis in the health care industry.  OSHA
has also relied on the General Duty Clause to penalize companies for
ergonomic hazards such as cumulative trauma disorders, including
lower back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and tendinitis. 

OSHA characterizes violations as other-than-serious, serious,
willful, or repeat, with civil penalties in specified increasing
amounts for these various types of violations.  In addition, OSHA
designates violations as unclassified when companies make significant
concessions to OSHA, perhaps to avoid losing coverage under state
workers' compensation programs or to minimize adverse publicity
attached to violations as originally classified.  Additional
penalties can be assessed either when a company fails to abate a
hazard or under OSHA's "egregious" policy.  Failure to abate or
correct a prior violation may bring an additional civil penalty for
each day that the violation continues beyond the prescribed abatement
date.\15 Under OSHA's "egregious" policy, an employer is cited for
each instance of a particular violation--or for each worker exposed
to a hazard.  Since initiated in 1986, this policy has resulted in
penalties for some inspections running into the millions of dollars. 
Although inspections in which a company is cited in this fashion are
not common, the number of these inspections doubled from 8 in fiscal
year 1994 to 17 in fiscal year 1995. 



                                     Table 1
                     
                             Types of OSHA Violations

Type of
violation       Definition                      Penalty amount
--------------  ------------------------------  --------------------------------
Other-than-     Direct and immediate            May be assessed up to $7,000
serious         relationship to worker safety
                and health, even though
                hazardous condition cannot
                reasonably be predicted to
                cause death or serious
                physical harm

Serious         Substantial probability that    Up to $7,000
                death or serious physical harm
                could result

Willful         Employer intentionally and      $5,000 to $70,000. Up to
                knowingly commits a violation   $250,000 for an individual, or
                                                $500,000 for a corporation, and/
                                                or imprisonment up to 6 months,
                                                if an employee dies and the
                                                employer is convicted in a
                                                criminal proceeding

Repeat          Violation found in current      $5,000 to $70,000
                inspection is substantially
                similar to one found in a
                prior inspection. The
                inspection was conducted
                within 3 years of the final
                order or abatement date of the
                previous citation, whichever
                is later.

Unclassified    Typically a violation that was  Pays all or almost all of
(also referred  initially classified as         proposed penalty for initial
to as Section   willful or repeat. In exchange  violation classification
17              for significant concessions, a
designation)    company may accept
                unclassified violations,
                perhaps to avoid losing
                coverage under state workers'
                compensation programs or to
                minimize adverse publicity
                attached to the violations as
                originally classified.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OSHA is authorized to conduct workplace inspections to determine
whether employers are complying with safety and health standards, and
to issue citations and assess penalties when an employer is not in
compliance.  The proposed penalty reflects an OSHA compliance
officer's judgment of the nature and severity of violations. 
However, these proposed penalties are often reduced.  OSHA justifies
such reductions as a means to get employers to abate workplace
problems quickly by avoiding the contesting of citations.  If
employers contest citations or proposed penalties, they do not have
to abate the cited hazard until the case is resolved, thereby leaving
workers unprotected.\16

If cited for violations during an inspection, an employer has 15
working days to either (1) accept the citation, abate the hazards,
and pay the penalties; (2) have an informal conference with local
OSHA officials and negotiate an informal settlement agreement; or (3)
formally contest the citation before the Occupational Safety and
Health Review Commission (OSHRC).\17 After reviewing a contested
citation, OSHRC may affirm, vacate, or modify OSHA's citations and
proposed penalties.  Once the inspection is closed (either because
the employer accepted the citation or a contested citation was
resolved), the penalty is referred to as the actual penalty.\18

OSHA targets a portion of its inspection resources toward facilities
that may be more hazardous to employees.  OSHA has recently taken
steps to revise its inspection targeting priorities, in which
employers in a certain industry are currently treated alike
regardless of their individual safety and health performance.  By
integrating worksite-specific information, including excessive rates
of workplace injury and illness and a record of serious and repeat
violations, into its targeting procedures, OSHA hopes to enhance the
effectiveness of its enforcement system. 

OSHA maintains a database that tracks all OSHA inspections.  The
Integrated Management Information Systems (IMIS) database includes
over 2 million inspections from 1972 to 1995, with 72,950 closed
inspections in 1994 alone in which the employer was cited for at
least one violation.  IMIS includes such information as whether the
inspections were performed by OSHA or a state-operated program,
penalty amounts (proposed and actual), the type of violation (for
example, serious, willful, or repeat), the standards violated,
whether fatalities or injuries occurred, and abatement information. 
In addition, IMIS includes some data on the worksite inspected,
including the type of industry it is engaged in and the number of
workers employed.  This database does not contain information about
whether violators receive federal contracts. 


--------------------
\7 The validity of Executive Order 12954, barring federal contractors
from hiring permanent replacements, is the subject of continuing
litigation.  Most recently, it was struck down by the U.S.  Court of
Appeals for the District of Columbia (74 F.  3d.  1322 (D.C.  Cir. 
1996)).  The court held that the NLRA provision guaranteeing
management's right to hire permanent replacements during labor
strikes preempted the executive order.  The Department of Labor has
issued a press release stating that the President is directing the
Justice Department "to take all appropriate steps to have this
decision overturned."

\8 Federal Acquisition Regulation, Part 9.1. 

\9 Federal Acquisition Regulation, Section 9.406-2(c). 

\10 GSA uses corporate identification codes that are a derivative of
the Dun & Bradstreet codes for identifying companies.  One code is
for worksites, another for parent companies.  In fiscal year 1995,
there were almost 60,000 unique codes for parent companies and over
70,000 unique codes for worksites.  However, this count by parent
company may be on the high side because some of the larger companies
may have more than one parent code, particularly if their operations
are diversified. 

\11 The act covers most private sector employers and employees. 
Major exemptions include employees of state governments and their
political subdivisions, and workers engaged in industries, such as
the nuclear power industry, which are regulated by other federal
agencies under other federal statutes. 

\12 The act also authorized states to operate, with up to 50 percent
federal funding, their own safety and health programs, and 23 states
have chosen to do so.  OSHA, however, is responsible for approving
state programs and monitoring their performance to make sure they
remain at least as effective as the program operated by OSHA. 

\13 See Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and Survey of
Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. 
Department of Labor (Washington, D.C.:  1994). 

\14 For example, the Hazard Communication Standard requires employers
to communicate to employees information on the safe handling and use
of chemicals present in the workplace. 

\15 An employer can be assessed up to $7,000 for each day the
employer fails to correct the violation for which it was cited in a
prior inspection.  The distinction between failing to abate a hazard
and a repeat violation can be subtle.  A company has failed to abate
a hazard when an item of equipment or condition previously cited has
never been brought into compliance and is noted in a later
inspection.  If, however, the violation had been corrected and then
reoccurred, the subsequent occurrence is a repeat violation. 

\16 If, upon inspection, an imminent danger situation is found, OSHA
will ask the employer to voluntarily abate the hazard and to remove
endangered employees from exposure.  Should the employer fail to do
this, OSHA may seek a temporary restraining order from the courts so
that the worksite can be shut down immediately.  An imminent danger
is any condition where there is reasonable certainty that a danger
exists that can be expected to cause death or serious physical harm
immediately or before the danger can be eliminated through normal
enforcement procedures. 

\17 OSHRC is an independent agency whose function is to resolve
formal contests of OSHA citations and penalties.  A case is first
assigned by the commission to an administrative law judge whose
decision may then be appealed to the commissioners themselves.  A
decision by the commissioners may be further appealed to the U.S. 
Court of Appeals.  When a citation or proposed penalty is contested,
the actual penalty assessed is decided by an administrative law judge
or the commission. 

\18 For clarity, we use the terms proposed and actual penalty instead
of OSHA's terminology of initial penalty and current penalty. 


   A TOTAL OF 261 FEDERAL
   CONTRACTORS ASSESSED
   SIGNIFICANT PROPOSED PENALTIES
   FOR SAFETY AND HEALTH
   VIOLATIONS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :3

Federal contracts have been awarded to employers who have violated
occupational safety and health regulations.  Restricting our analysis
to only those fiscal year 1994 inspections in which the company was
assessed a significant proposed penalty of $15,000 or more, we found
261 federal contractors had violated the Occupational Safety and
Health Act.\19 Because some of the 261 federal contractors owned more
than one worksite, we identified a total of 345 inspections,
representing 16 percent of all inspections closed in fiscal year 1994
in which a significant proposed penalty was assessed for OSHA
violations (see fig.  I.1).  Key characteristics of these violators,
their federal contracts, and the specific standards violated appear
in appendixes II and III. 


--------------------
\19 We considered a company to have been assessed a significant
proposed penalty if the proposed penalty for an inspection was
$15,000 or more, regardless of the amount of the actual penalty
agreed to when the inspection was closed (either because the employer
accepted the citation or a contested citation was resolved). 


   $38 BILLION AWARDED PRIMARILY
   FROM DEFENSE DEPARTMENT
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :4

These federal contractors received $38 billion in contracts in fiscal
year 1994.  Altogether, about 22 percent of the $176 billion in
fiscal year 1994 contracts went to these 261 federal contractors (see
fig.  1).\20

   Figure 1:  Percent of All
   Federal Contract Dollars That
   Went to Companies Assessed
   Significant Proposed Penalties
   for OSHA Violations, Fiscal
   Year 1994

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

Note:  Although contract awards are reported by the federal
contractor (or parent company), the violator might be a division,
subsidiary, or have some other legal relationship with the federal
contractor. 

The size of these federal contracts differed greatly.  Over one-third
of the 261 federal contractors assessed significant proposed
penalties for OSHA violations received less than $1 million each. 
Nearly 5 percent received more than $500 million each in federal
contracts in fiscal year 1994.  These 12 companies were General
Electric Co.  ($8.7 billion); Lockheed-Martin Corp.  ($7 billion);
Westinghouse Electric Corp.  ($4.6 billion); United Technologies
Corp.  ($2.8 billion); General Motors Corp.  ($2.4 billion); The
Boeing Co.  ($1.3 billion); Textron, Inc.  ($1.2 billion); American
Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T) ($874 million); Fulcrum II Limited
Partnership ($798 million); Dyncorp ($673 million); Exxon Corp. 
($532 million); and Tenneco Packaging, Inc.  ($505 million). 

Three-fourths of the $38 billion in contracts awarded in fiscal year
1994 to these federal contractors that were assessed significant
proposed penalties for OSHA violations came from the Department of
Defense.  Within the Department of Defense, the Air Force and the
Navy awarded by far the most contract dollars to violators ($11.8
billion and $9.6 billion, respectively).  In addition to the
Department of Defense, large amounts of contract dollars were awarded
to violators by the Department of Energy ($5.8 billion) and the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration ($1.2 billion).\21
Other agencies that awarded more than $100 million in contracts to
violators include the Department of Agriculture ($382 million),
Department of Transportation ($365 million), GSA ($274 million),
Department of Justice ($242 million), and the Tennessee Valley
Authority ($113 million).  (See fig.  2.)

   Figure 2:  Agencies That
   Awarded Contract Dollars to
   Federal Contractors Assessed
   Significant Proposed Penalties
   for OSHA Violations, Fiscal
   Year 1994

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

Note:  Because of rounding, percentages do not total to 100. 


--------------------
\20 In reporting the contract dollars received by these violators, we
are referring to the contracts received by their parent companies. 
When using the term federal contractor in this report, we are
referring to the parent company.  In many cases, the violator might
be a division, or subsidiary of the parent company, or have some
other legal relationship with it.  These totals likely underestimate
the number of violators and contracts they received because of the
difficulties involved in the manual matching procedure we used in
this analysis.  (See app.  I.)

\21 Similarly, the Department of Defense was the source of many
contract dollars (67 percent) to all federal contractors in fiscal
year 1994.  Department of Energy (10 percent) and the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (6 percent) were the next
largest sources of contract dollars to all federal contractors. 


   FEDERAL CONTRACTORS ASSESSED
   SIGNIFICANT PROPOSED PENALTIES
   ARE PRIMARILY IN MANUFACTURING
   INDUSTRY AND ARE RELATIVELY
   SMALL
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :5

Over one-half of the 345 worksites (56 percent) penalized for safety
and health violations were engaged in manufacturing.  An examination
of the violators' Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes
shows that many of these worksites manufactured paper, food, or
primary and fabricated metals.  Although manufacturing is the
industry in which most violators were engaged, a significant
percentage of worksites (18 percent) were engaged in construction,
and this is likely an underestimate because of the difficulties we
experienced verifying that worksites inspected in that industry were
part of the same company as the federal contractor.  (See fig.  3.)
(Difficulties we encountered verifying construction worksites are
explained in app.  I.)

   Figure 3:  Primary Industry of
   Worksite of Federal Contractors
   Assessed Significant Proposed
   Penalties for OSHA Violations,
   Fiscal Year 1994

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

Note:  Other includes trade (wholesale and retail). 

Many (68 percent) of the worksites where the violations occurred were
relatively small, employing 500 or fewer workers.  Just over 15
percent of the worksites were very small, employing 25 or fewer
workers.  (See fig.  4.) Although few worksites employed large
numbers of workers, the federal contractors that own these worksites
often employ large numbers of workers and have numerous worksites
throughout the country.  Examples of these include Boise Cascade
Corp.; General Motors Corp.; Georgia-Pacific Corp.; International
Paper Co.; Sears Roebuck & Co.; and the United Parcel Service Amer.,
Inc.  (UPS).  Some of these federal contractors do billions of
dollars in annual sales and employ hundreds of thousands of workers. 
For example, UPS employs 285,000 workers altogether, although most of
the 24 worksites inspected employed fewer than 1,000 workers.  One
UPS worksite, located in Twin Mountain, New Hampshire, employed only
40 workers. 

   Figure 4:  Number Employed at
   Worksite of Federal Contractors
   Assessed Significant Proposed
   Penalties for OSHA Violations,
   Fiscal Year 1994

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

Note:  Because of rounding, percentages do not total to 100. 

We were unable to determine whether a company's contract activity
occurred at the same worksite where the company was cited for safety
and health violations.  Data on the place of contract performance
were not specific enough to enable us to confirm whether or not the
locations were the same as where the OSHA inspections were conducted. 
It would have been difficult to get companies to confirm whether or
not they conducted federal contract work at the particular worksite
where the violations occurred.  This information might not be readily
available or considered confidential or proprietary.  Finally,
because the nature of some contract work is so dispersed, with
contract activity of some form occurring across multiple worksites,
it can be difficult for even the company to verify exactly what
activities at various worksites were supported by federal contracts. 
However, it is possible, particularly given the size of some federal
contractors, that at least some violations occurred at worksites
other than those with contract activity.\22 (See app.  I.)


--------------------
\22 Although these companies received federal contracts the year
their OSHA inspection was closed (fiscal year 1994), they may not
have been receiving federal contracts when they were initially cited
for OSHA violations.  This is because the inspection may have
occurred several years before the case was resolved.  Although all of
these 345 inspections were closed in fiscal year 1994, 35 percent
were opened between fiscal years 1986 and 1992. 


   INSPECTIONS SHOWED SUBSTANTIAL
   RISK OF INJURY AND ILLNESS TO
   WORKERS AT SOME WORKSITES
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :6

The number and nature of the violations for which these 261 federal
contractors were cited, the fatalities and injuries associated with
violations found in the 345 inspections, and the high penalties
assessed suggest that workers were at substantial risk of injury or
illness in some workplaces of these contractors.  Nevertheless, some
of these contractors also operate worksites identified as exemplary
with respect to safety and health practices.  In addition, the
worksites associated with significant proposed penalties represent a
small percentage of the total worksites of some contractors that are
large companies. 


      MOST OF THESE FEDERAL
      CONTRACTORS CITED FOR
      SERIOUS AND WILLFUL
      VIOLATIONS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :6.1

Most of the 345 inspections involved at least one violation that was
serious (88 percent), posing a risk of death or serious physical harm
to workers, or willful (69 percent) in which the employer
intentionally and knowingly committed a violation (see fig.  5).\23
Included among these inspections were three in which the contractor
was cited under OSHA's "egregious" policy, situations where OSHA
imposes larger total fines by citing the company for every instance
of that same violation or for each worker exposed to a hazard. 

Federal contractors were cited for repeat violations in 29
inspections (8 percent).  A repeat violation occurs when the company
is cited for a substantially similar violation in the current
inspection within 3 years of the final order or abatement date of the
previous citation.  In only one inspection was a federal contractor
assessed additional penalties for failing to abate a hazard; that is,
the company failed to correct the same violation for which it was
cited in a prior inspection.  However, these relatively low rates of
citations for repeat violations and penalties for failing to abate
hazards may be a reflection of OSHA's limited resources to return to
worksites it has inspected in the past.  Only about 1 percent of all
fiscal year 1994 inspections were follow-up or monitoring
inspections.\24 In addition, OSHA does not currently penalize
employers for failing to provide proof that the company has abated
the hazard.\25 As a result, OSHA has only the employer's statement
that abatement has taken place unless a follow-up or monitoring
inspection is performed. 

   Figure 5:  Type of Violations
   for Inspections Involving
   Federal Contractors Assessed
   Significant Proposed Penalties,
   Fiscal Year 1994

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

Note:  An inspection is included if at least one violation was of
this type.  A single inspection may have violations of more than one
type. 

Examples of federal contractors cited for serious, willful, or repeat
violations or assessed additional penalties under OSHA's "egregious"
policy or for failing to abate hazards follow: 

  -- Bath Iron Works Corp.  and Boise Cascade Corp.  were the only
     contractors assessed penalties under OSHA's "egregious" policy. 
     These two contractors were also cited for a number of serious,
     willful, and repeat violations.  Bath Iron Works Corp., a
     shipbuilding and repair company, was cited for violations of
     shipyard standards as well as standards for walking-working
     surfaces, electrical work, and recording and reporting at its
     worksite in Bath, Maine.  Boise Cascade Corp., a manufacturer of
     wood and paper products, was cited under OSHA's "egregious"
     policy for violations in two inspections at its paper mill in
     Rumford, Maine.  This company violated special industry
     standards for paper mills in one of these inspections as well as
     standards for machinery and machine guarding, electrical work,
     and recording and reporting.\26

  -- International Paper Co., in one of six inspections in which this
     company was assessed a significant proposed penalty, was cited
     in 1991 for 37 repeat violations at a paper mill in Moss Point,
     Mississippi.  Among the repeat violations, International Paper
     was cited for failing to protect its workers from burns because
     of inadequately insulated steam pipes.  The company had been
     cited in 1988 for similar violations.\27

  -- The Gunver Manufacturing Co.  in Manchester, Connecticut, was
     assessed additional penalties for failing to abate a
     machine-guarding hazard, among other hazards.  The first
     inspection took place in 1992; in two follow-up inspections in
     1993 and 1994, OSHA penalized Gunver for failing to abate the
     hazards cited in the first inspection. 


--------------------
\23 Nineteen percent of the inspections also involved at least one
violation that was unclassified.  Typically, the company's violations
were initially classified as willful or repeat.  In exchange for
significant concessions, the company accepted unclassified
violations, perhaps to avoid losing coverage under state workers'
compensation programs or to minimize adverse publicity attached to
the violations as initially classified. 

\24 Follow-up inspections are done to determine if previously cited
violations have been corrected.  Monitoring inspections are done to
ensure that hazards are being corrected whenever a long period of
time is needed to come into compliance. 

\25 In Occupational Safety & Health:  Options for Improving Safety
and Health in the Workplace (GAO/HRD-90-66BR, Aug.  24, 1990), we
recommended that OSHA require employers to provide proof of
abatement.  Although OSHA asks employers to provide documentation,
such as invoices and photographs, along with their statements that
abatement has taken place, there is no penalty to employers for
failing to provide such evidence.  To encourage more expeditious
abatement, OSHA has conducted a pilot project in which a company that
abates a hazard before an inspection's closing conference receives a
penalty reduction.  OSHA officials said a new regulation will soon be
issued requiring better evidence from employers that they have abated
workplace hazards. 

\26 Although these inspections of Boise Cascade were closed in fiscal
year 1994, they were conducted in 1989.  Our study did not examine
the extent to which companies changed their safety and health
practices in response to OSHA inspections.  An OSHA official in the
area office that had conducted the inspections at Boise Cascade said
that the company has made major improvements in its safety and health
practices since these earlier inspections, including significant
reductions in its injury and illness rate. 

\27 International Paper is one of several federal contractors
identified in this report that own worksites extensively evaluated
and found qualified to participate in OSHA's Voluntary Protection
Program (VPP) because of exemplary safety and health practices. 
However, the company's VPP worksites do not include this worksite,
which was assessed significant proposed penalties for safety and
health violations. 


      THIRTY-FIVE FATALITIES AND
      85 INJURIES ASSOCIATED WITH
      INSPECTIONS OF FEDERAL
      CONTRACTORS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :6.2

At worksites of 50 federal contractors, 35 fatalities and 85 injuries
occurred.\28 Fifty-five of the 85 injuries were serious enough for
the worker to be hospitalized.  The accidents varied depending upon
the nature of the work.  For example: 

  -- Acme Steel Co.  was cited for hazardous materials violations
     after one worker died and another was hospitalized from exposure
     to blast furnace gas due to an equipment failure at a steel mill
     in Chicago. 

  -- Rhone Poulenc Basic Chemical, at an industrial chemicals
     worksite in Martinez, California, was cited for violations of
     state standards requiring protections against accidental
     discharge of liquid from above-ground storage tanks and for
     failing to provide adequate extinguishing equipment.  One worker
     died and another was hospitalized due to chemical burns when
     they mistakenly extracted a valve, releasing 80,000 gallons of
     acid sludge from a storage tank. 

  -- Clean Harbors of Kingston, Inc., was cited when a worker was
     asphyxiated and died after coworkers were unable to retrieve him
     from a tank containing chemical sludge when his air supply ran
     low.  This refuse collection and disposal facility in
     Providence, Rhode Island, was cited for violating the General
     Duty Clause because of oversights in providing rescue
     capability, inadequate ventilation, and failure to sample the
     air in the confined space. 

(Details of all inspections that involved fatalities and injuries are
provided in app.  IV.)


--------------------
\28 Factors other than a company's OSHA violations may have
contributed to some of these fatalities or injuries, including
misjudgments by the worker or the worker's failure to follow company
policies regarding safety and health practices. 


      MANY VIOLATIONS CITED WERE
      FOR FAILING TO PROTECT
      WORKERS FROM ELECTRICAL AND
      MACHINE-GUARDING HAZARDS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :6.3

Most of the violations (72 percent) were of general industry
standards, including failure to protect workers from electrical
hazards (11 percent) and injuries due to inadequate machine guarding
(10 percent).  (See fig.  6.) Examples of federal contractors who
violated electrical and machine-guarding standards include the
following: 

  -- A Dunlop Tire Corp.  worksite in Huntsville, Alabama, was cited
     for inadequate machine guarding after a worker, who placed
     fabric on a rotating cylinder, got caught in the machinery and
     died from asphyxia after being wound up inside the fabric. 

  -- At its Evansville, Indiana, worksite where refrigerators are
     made, the Whirlpool Corp.  was cited for inadequate machine
     guarding when a worker's hand and forearm had to be amputated
     after he got caught while manually feeding coil through a
     mechanical power press. 

  -- Exide Electronics Corp., at a worksite in Raleigh, North
     Carolina, where transformers are produced, was cited for
     violating electrical standards, when one worker was hospitalized
     due to electric shock while cleaning consoles with liquid
     cleaners.  The consoles were not disconnected from the power
     supply. 

   Figure 6:  Distribution of OSHA
   Standards Violated in
   Inspections Involving Federal
   Contractors Assessed
   Significant Proposed Penalties,
   Fiscal Year 1994

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

Note:  All others includes violations under state-operated programs
when they are coded differently than the federal standards. 

Violations of construction industry standards represented 8 percent
of all violations, although this is likely an underestimate because
of difficulties we experienced verifying the ownership of worksites
engaged in construction (see app.  I).  Seven percent of all
violations were related to inadequate recording or reporting of
occupational illness and injuries and 6 percent of violations
involved the Hazard Communication Standard.  Only 2 percent of all
violations involved the General Duty Clause, relied on by OSHA when
more specific standards are not applicable. 


      DOLLAR AMOUNTS OF SOME
      PENALTIES ARE HIGH
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :6.4

These 261 federal contractors were assessed a total of $24.1 million
in proposed penalties and $10.9 million in actual penalties.\29 These
penalties represent about one-fourth of the proposed and actual
penalties, respectively, for all inspections closed during fiscal
year 1994 in which the company was assessed a significant proposed
penalty. 

Although most (76 percent) of all 345 inspections had a proposed
penalty between $15,000 and $50,000, the federal contractor was
assessed an especially high proposed penalty of $100,000 or more in 8
percent of these inspections (see fig.  7).  The 26 inspections in
which the federal contractor was assessed a proposed penalty of
$100,000 or more in a single inspection are identified in appendixes
II and III. 

   Figure 7:  Proposed Penalties
   for Inspections Involving
   Federal Contractors Assessed
   Significant Proposed Penalties
   for OSHA Violations, Fiscal
   Year 1994

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

Note:  All proposed penalties in these 345 inspections were $15,000
or more because we restricted our analysis to include only such
inspections.  Due to rounding, percentages do not total to 100. 

The average proposed penalty for all 345 inspections was about
$70,000; the average actual penalty for these inspections was about
$32,000.  The actual penalties for many (63 percent) of the 345
inspections were less than $15,000.  In fact, the penalties in many
of the 345 inspections were reduced between 40 and 80 percent (see
fig.  8).  Proposed penalties were reduced to nothing in six
inspections of companies, including Amoco Gas Co.; Boston University;
C.H.  Heist Corp.; Dynalectric; Fletcher Pacific Construction; and
Frito-Lay, Inc.  (one of its three inspections).\30 In contrast, the
actual penalty for Morrison-Knudsen, Corp., Inc., cited for
violations committed on a bridge demolition project in New York City,
was higher than the proposed penalty.  The company agreed to pay a
higher penalty in a settlement agreement in which its violations were
changed to unclassified. 

   Figure 8:  Percent Reduction of
   Proposed Penalty for
   Inspections Involving Federal
   Contractors Assessed
   Significant Proposed Penalties,
   Fiscal Year 1994

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

Note:  In one of the inspections (not included in the figure above),
the adjusted penalty was higher than the proposed penalty.  Because
of rounding, percentages do not total to 100. 


--------------------
\29 The proposed penalty reflects an OSHA compliance officer's
judgment of the nature and severity of violations.  Once the
inspection is closed (either because the employer accepted the
citation or a contested citation was resolved), the penalty is
referred to as the actual penalty. 

\30 Although the companies involved in these six inspections were
assessed significant proposed penalties, OSHA ultimately withdrew the
citations and reduced penalties to zero.  There are several reasons
why a penalty might be reduced to nothing.  For example, on closer
examination, OSHA might decide that violations were incorrectly cited
or that the company inspected was not the responsible party.  OSHA
might have also failed to adequately document the violations in order
to defend its case should the company contest the violations, and
thereby withdraws its citation.  In some cases, there are
jurisdictional issues in which OSHA discovers after the investigation
that it does not have authority to cite the company.  For example,
the Amoco Gas Co.  inspection involved the intrastate transportation
of gas over which OSHA later determined it did not have jurisdiction
because this activity is regulated by the state. 


      THIRTY-NINE FEDERAL
      CONTRACTORS ASSESSED
      SIGNIFICANT PROPOSED
      PENALTIES MORE THAN ONCE FOR
      VIOLATIONS AT DIFFERENT
      LOCATIONS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :6.5

Thirty-nine of the 261 federal contractors were assessed a
significant proposed penalty more than once in fiscal year 1994 for
violations that occurred at different worksites owned by or
associated with the same corporate parent company.\31 Appendix V
lists all contractors that were assessed significant proposed
penalties in more than one inspection closed in fiscal year 1994. 
These companies can be large, with multiple worksites across the
country, and they sometimes have diversified operations.  Examples of
these large companies are Boise Cascade Corp.; General Motors Corp.;
Georgia-Pacific Corp.; International Paper Co.; Sears Roebuck & Co.;
and UPS.\32

For example: 

  -- General Motors Corp.  was assessed significant proposed
     penalties for safety and health violations in five different
     inspections in fiscal year 1994.  In four of these inspections,
     conducted at worksites in Ohio and Oklahoma that manufacture
     motor vehicles, General Motors was cited for violations of
     hazardous materials, personal protective equipment, electrical
     work, and machine guarding, among other standards.  General
     Motors also owns Delco Electronics.  A Delco facility in Oak
     Creek, Wisconsin, that manufactures semiconductors and related
     devices, was cited for lockout/tagout violations--referring to
     inadequate servicing and maintenance that could lead to a worker
     injury through the unexpected start-up of machinery.  Being
     assessed significant proposed penalties in multiple inspections
     could, in part, be explained by the size of the parent company,
     General Motors Corp., which employs 711,000 workers, has $138
     billion in annual sales, and is organized into more than 50
     different divisions. 

  -- Sears Roebuck & Co.  was assessed significant proposed penalties
     for safety and health violations at four different worksites. 
     Three of the four were automotive repair shops in Ohio, New
     York, and Massachusetts; the other was a general merchandise
     store in Iowa.  The Sears automotive repair shops were cited for
     violations of the General Duty Clause as well as standards for
     occupational noise exposure and hazard communication.  The
     merchandise store was cited for violations of standards for
     materials handling and storage.  Like General Motors Corp.,
     Sears Roebuck & Co.  is also a large company, employing 249,000
     workers with annual sales of $50.8 billion.  In addition to its
     retail operations and its automotive repair division, Sears has
     other divisions and subsidiaries, including a savings bank. 

  -- With a total of 24 inspections in which it was assessed a
     significant proposed penalty, UPS had more significant-penalty
     inspections closed in fiscal year 1994 than any other contractor
     in our review.  These 24 inspections occurred in facilities
     providing courier services, both by truck and air, across 10
     different states.  In most of these inspections, UPS was cited
     for failing to fully comply with a corporatewide settlement
     agreement to improve its emergency response to hazardous
     conditions created when packages are damaged while being
     transported.\33 Because of OSHA's concern that UPS failed to
     fully implement the corporatewide settlement agreement, a
     supplemental settlement agreement was reached by the two
     parties.\34

UPS is also a large company, with 285,000 workers and annual sales of
$17.7 billion. 


--------------------
\31 In a few cases, it appears that the federal contractor was
assessed a significant proposed penalty more than once in fiscal year
1994 at the same worksite or at different worksites located in the
same city. 

\32 Any of these companies may have had additional violations not
reflected in this report if the proposed penalty for the associated
inspection was less than $15,000. 

\33 OSHA negotiates corporatewide settlement agreements to obtain
formal recognition by the employer of cited hazards and formal
acceptance of the obligation to seek out and abate those hazards
throughout all workplaces under its control.  If the company violates
the terms of the agreement, OSHA can initiate contempt proceedings
through the courts. 

\34 The supplemental settlement agreement was reached on Apr.  1,
1994.  The supplemental agreement called for an annual audit of at
least 50 UPS facilities, among other things, in order to ensure that
the original corporatewide settlement agreement concerning hazardous
materials (entered into by OSHA and UPS on Feb.  27, 1992) is fully
implemented.  This original 1992 corporatewide settlement agreement
also required action by UPS in redesigning its injury and illness
recordkeeping system in order that, among other improvements, records
can be identified by individual worksites. 


      SOME FEDERAL CONTRACTORS
      HAVE A HISTORY OF RECEIVING
      SIGNIFICANT PROPOSED
      PENALTIES ON OSHA
      INSPECTIONS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :6.6

A review of prior-year inspection records of these federal
contractors with significant proposed penalties showed a number of
additional inspections, including some that also resulted in
significant proposed penalties.  Because of omitted corporate
identification numbers, we were only able to retrieve prior
inspection information for about one-half of the worksites at which
significant proposed penalties had been assessed for violations in
fiscal year 1994.  Nevertheless, we found 221 prior inspections from
1987 through 1993.  Nine percent of these worksites had been assessed
a proposed penalty of $15,000 or more in these prior inspections. 

It is possible that there are additional significant-penalty
inspections among our 261 federal contractors that we could not
retrieve because of missing corporate identification codes.  However,
OSHA has taken actions to improve its collection of these codes for
worksites inspected.\35 A corporate identification code would make it
easier for OSHA or a contracting agency to determine whether a
company has a history of OSHA violations and if violations have been
committed across multiple facilities or worksites owned by the same
federal contractor. 


--------------------
\35 OSHA has experienced difficulties collecting a corporate
identification code, in part because some companies do not have a
number or supervisors at worksites inspected do not always know this
code or report it accurately.  OSHA has tried to address this problem
by automatically sending information regarding the worksite inspected
to Dun & Bradstreet (a private company that collects and disseminates
information about U.S.  and foreign companies) in order to get an
identification code for the company that owns the worksite.  OSHA is
also experimenting with the use of tax identification numbers to
facilitate the cross-referencing of inspections of worksites owned by
or associated with the same company. 


      SAFETY AND HEALTH HAZARDS
      MAY NOT BE PRESENT AT ALL
      WORKSITES OF FEDERAL
      CONTRACTORS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :6.7

Although federal contractors were assessed significant proposed
penalties because of safety and health violations at some worksites,
some of these same contractors operated other worksites that have
exemplary safety and health practices.  These are worksites that have
been extensively evaluated and found qualified to participate in
OSHA's Voluntary Protection Program (VPP).  VPP worksites qualify on
the basis of OSHA's review of their application to be a VPP
participant and site visits in which OSHA determines if the company
maintains a comprehensive safety and health program.  These companies
are rewarded for their demonstrated commitment to safety and health
by their worksite being excluded from OSHA's inspection lists.  OSHA
told us that at least three federal contractors we identified as
violators operated worksites (although not the worksites assessed
significant proposed penalties for violations) that were selected for
the VPP program.\36

In addition, for some of the federal contractors we identified, the
safety and health violations may reflect a localized worksite
compliance problem rather than a systemic corporatewide compliance
problem.  For example, large companies like General Electric Co.,
Westinghouse Electric Corp., United Technologies Corp., AT&T, and
Exxon Corp., had only one worksite that we identified because
significant proposed penalties had been assessed.  These companies
own many other worksites where there may not be a safety and health
compliance problem or, given OSHA's limited enforcement resources,
where there may not have been recent inspections, in which case no
information exists to determine if there is a compliance problem. 


--------------------
\36 These three federal contractors, and the worksites selected for
the VPP program, are International Paper Co.  (Vicksburg,
Mississippi, and East Point, Georgia), Georgia-Pacific Corp. 
(Warrington, Georgia), and Chevron Corp.  (Bay Town, Texas).  Because
VPP participants are selected by worksite, exemplary practices may
not be in evidence at all of a company's worksites.  OSHA staff told
us that none of the 345 worksites where the federal contractor was
assessed significant proposed penalties for OSHA violations were also
participants in VPP. 


   OPTIONS TO IMPROVE FEDERAL
   CONTRACTOR COMPLIANCE WITH
   SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :7

To improve federal contractor compliance, one option is to develop
policies and procedures regarding the exchange of information between
OSHA and contracting agencies to increase the likelihood that a
company's safety and health record will be considered in contracting
decisions.  The first option is similar to our recommendation in an
earlier report that agencies develop an information sharing approach
to facilitate the identification of federal contractors who violate
laws that protect workers' rights to bargain collectively.  A second
option is for OSHA to consider giving inspection priority to those
high-hazard workplaces operated by companies with federal contracts. 


      AGENCY AWARDING AND
      DEBARRING OFFICIALS CAN USE
      SAFETY AND HEALTH COMPLIANCE
      INFORMATION IN CONTRACTING
      DECISIONS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :7.1

Before awarding a contract, an agency must make a positive finding
that the bidder is responsible as defined in federal procurement
regulations.  Although this determination primarily focuses on prior
contract performance and the financial integrity of a prospective
contractor, the agency must also make an affirmative determination
that the company is qualified to receive contract awards under
applicable laws and regulations, which could include the Occupational
Safety and Health Act.  Similarly, federal agencies can debar or
suspend companies for any "cause of so serious or compelling a nature
that it affects the present responsibility of a Government contractor
or subcontractor."

Even though federal agencies may deny the awarding of contracts or
debar contractors for many different reasons, it appears this
authority is rarely exercised for safety and health violations.\37
Aside from the inherent interest of federal agencies in finding or
keeping the contractor who is either the lowest bidder or has a
history of providing these goods and services to the agency, awarding
and debarring officials rarely exercise this authority in part
because they lack information as to which contractors are OSHA
violators.  GSA officials, including members of the Interagency
Committee on Debarment and Suspension, which monitors the
implementation of debarment and suspension procedures, told us that
agency awarding and debarring staff do not routinely receive
information about contractors who have violated OSHA regulations. 
GSA officials also said safety and health information was not
routinely collected by agency contract officers when they conduct
their pre-award survey to determine whether or not a prospective
contractor is responsible. 

Members of the Interagency Committee told us that the prospect of
being debarred or suspended can provide an impetus for a contractor
to undertake remedial measures to improve workplace safety and health
conditions.  Agency debarment and suspension staff could work with
the contractors, perhaps with technical support provided by OSHA, to
help bring a contractor into compliance, thereby avoiding disruption
to the contracting arrangement.  GSA officials and Interagency
Committee members stressed the importance of maintaining agency
discretion in contracting decisions and urged that debarment or
suspension for safety and health violations not be mandated.\38

Although our analysis did not include companies receiving other forms
of federal financial assistance, such as grants and loans, GSA
officials and Interagency Committee members said that safety and
health violations should also be considered in debarment or
suspension decisions for these companies since these forms of
assistance total to large amounts of federal dollars.\39 Federal
assistance in the form of grants alone accounted for $225 billion in
fiscal year 1995.  State and local governments, through which federal
grants are distributed, may contract with companies to carry out a
wide range of work, including welfare and health care services as
well as highway, airport, mass transit, and sewage treatment plant
construction.  GSA officials and Interagency Committee members said
that workers employed by these companies should also be protected
from workplace safety and health hazards.\40

However, as is the case with direct federal contracts, agency
officials often lack information as to which companies receiving
these other forms of federal financial assistance also have OSHA
violations. 

Under the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act (CWHSSA), OSHA
also has authority to debar companies specifically for safety and
health violations.\41 However, OSHA has not exercised this authority
in the past and it appears unlikely that it will increase its
exercise of this authority in the future.  Although agency officials
said they consider debarment when particularly serious violations are
committed by a company they can identify as a federal contractor,
they prefer to rely on remedies available under the Occupational
Safety and Health Act because litigation costs are lower and they can
obtain quicker abatement of the hazard. 

Information can be made available to increase the likelihood that
agency officials will make decisions regarding contracts and other
forms of federal financial assistance that might improve contractor
compliance with OSHA regulations.  However, policies and procedures
regarding the exchange of information between OSHA and contracting
agencies need to be developed.\42 In developing these policies and
procedures, a number of issues would need to be resolved.  These
include the following: 

  -- Identifying the inspection information regarding violations that
     OSHA could provide that would facilitate action by agency
     awarding and debarring officials.  Given the large number of
     federal contractors violating OSHA regulations, there is a
     danger that excessive or irrelevant information would be
     generated and transmitted, resulting in a potential
     administrative burden on both OSHA and awarding and debarring
     officials within the agencies.  OSHA could avoid this problem by
     developing criteria identifying those federal contractors with
     exceptionally poor safety and health records and transmitting
     information only on those companies to awarding and debarring
     officials.  OSHA and the contracting agencies would also have to
     decide the type and level of detail of information that should
     be provided regarding these violators and the nature of their
     violations. 

  -- Developing the logistics of how OSHA, GSA, the Interagency
     Committee, and agency awarding and debarring officials could
     share information.  Whether violation information should be
     provided immediately after any inspection of a contractor in
     which exceptionally poor safety and health practices are
     indicated or whether it should be provided at regular intervals
     for all companies that meet these criteria based on their
     inspections over a certain period of time needs to be
     determined.  OSHA might choose to work with GSA to determine
     which of its violators are federal contractors or it may
     consider leaving this determination to the Interagency Committee
     or awarding and debarring officials within the agencies.  OSHA
     might also provide information on violators directly to
     individual agencies with whom the violators contract.  Another
     alternative would be to have either GSA or the Interagency
     Committee, depending on their relative level of resources, act
     as a clearinghouse of safety and health compliance information
     for awarding and debarring officials at all the agencies.  As a
     clearinghouse of compliance information, GSA or the Interagency
     Committee would need to come up with a strategy for
     disseminating this information about companies to the
     appropriate contract awarding and debarring official.  If safety
     and health violations are also going to be considered in
     debarment or suspension decisions for companies receiving other
     forms of federal financial assistance (for example, grants and
     loans), this dissemination strategy would need to include those
     agency officials who manage these other assistance programs. 
     Finally, regular communication between OSHA and agency debarring
     officials regarding violations of federal contractors might be
     facilitated if OSHA had a representative participate in the
     monthly meetings of the Interagency Committee. 

  -- Enabling contracting agencies to interpret and use this
     information effectively.  OSHA and agency contract officers
     could explore how agencies might use the awarding of federal
     contracts as a vehicle to encourage companies to take more
     affirmative steps (for example, develop a worksite safety and
     health program, or participate in voluntary compliance efforts)
     to improve workplace safety and health.\43 GSA officials and the
     Interagency Committee members stressed the importance of agency
     discretion in contracting decisions and that debarment or
     suspension for safety and health violations should not be
     mandated.  While preserving this discretion, agencies could work
     with OSHA to develop some kind of guidance as to how to
     interpret the safety and health records of federal contractors
     to determine whether or not a contracting action is warranted
     and, if so, what type of action is warranted.  Such guidance,
     for example, could help agency debarring officials to identify
     those instances where it might be more appropriate to work with
     a contractor to facilitate compliance instead of debarring or
     suspending that contractor.  Such situations might vary across
     agencies and contract type.  In addition, OSHA and the
     contracting agencies might want to determine the kind of
     technical support, if any, OSHA could provide to help agencies
     in their efforts to bring a contractor with a poor safety and
     health record into compliance. 

  -- Helping contracting agencies determine how closely tied to
     federal contract dollars the worksite with violations must be to
     warrant taking an adverse contract action.  Sometimes a safety
     and health problem might be localized or confined to a specific
     worksite.  Thereby, taking a contract action against the federal
     contractor might be appropriate only if that particular worksite
     receives contract dollars.  On the other hand, a systemic
     corporatewide compliance problem may be indicated if there are
     violations across many worksites owned by or associated with the
     same federal contractor.  In such cases, a contracting action
     against the company as a whole may be appropriate.  However, if
     the operations of a large company are very diverse, compliance
     efforts for a safety and health problem in one part of the
     company might have little relevance to other parts of the
     company where safety problems, if there are any, might be very
     different. 


--------------------
\37 Available data did not permit us to determine how many
contractors were suspended or debarred for safety and health
violations.  Although GSA publishes a "List of Parties Excluded From
Federal Procurement and Non-Procurement Programs" each month, which
identifies the cause for debarment for each company listed, failure
to comply with OSHA is not a distinct category among possible causes. 

\38 According to members of the Interagency Committee, if information
regarding OSHA violations was provided to debarring officials, they
would be obligated to review it. 

\39 Under the OMB common rule for governmentwide debarment and
suspension for nonprocurement, companies involved in transactions
funded by federal nonprocurement activities may be debarred or
suspended for any "cause of so serious or compelling a nature that it
affects the present responsibility of [the company]," which could
include safety and health violations.  Federal nonprocurement
activities include grants, cooperative agreements, contracts of
assistance, loans, and loan guarantees. 

\40 For example, several fatalities associated with safety violations
occurred on the Chicago Tunnel and Reservoir Plan project, a federal
wastewater treatment construction project funded during the 1970s and
1980s with over $1.2 billion in federal grants.  After a notice of
proposed debarment was issued to one of the federal contractors
involved, a compliance agreement with the U.S.  Environmental
Protection Agency was reached in which the company agreed to take
corrective actions and thereby avoid debarment.  EPA coordinated with
OSHA to ensure that the compliance agreement was implemented. 

\41 Additionally, Labor has authority to debar companies for safety
and health violations under other statutes such as the Service
Contract Act and the Walsh-Healey Act. 

\42 In Worker Protection:  Federal Contractors and Violations of
Labor Law (GAO/HEHS-96-8, Oct.  24, 1995), we recommended that the
National Labor Relations Board, to facilitate violators reimbursing
aggrieved employees for any back wages owed, work with GSA to develop
a similar information- sharing approach to identify federal
contractors with labor violations. 

\43 OSHA has issued voluntary "Safety and Health Program Management
Guidelines," which contract awarding officials within each agency
could encourage bidders and existing federal contractors to adopt. 


      OSHA COULD GIVE INSPECTION
      PRIORITY TO HIGH-HAZARD
      WORKPLACES OPERATED BY
      FEDERAL CONTRACTORS
---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :7.2

OSHA might improve contractors' safety and health compliance by
giving inspection priority to those high-hazard workplaces operated
by companies receiving federal contracts.  For example, a company
might be more willing to abate hazards and pay penalties quickly if
it is made aware that contracting actions could be taken against it. 
OSHA has recently launched an initiative to improve its inspection
targeting system so that instead of treating employers in a certain
industry alike, OSHA will focus its resources on specific worksites
where employers ignore safety and health regulations and put their
employees at risk.\44 The rationale is to increase the likelihood
that its limited resources will be spent inspecting worksites more
likely to have hazards.  Following the principle of placing greater
responsibility on federal contractors for compliance with laws and
regulations, OSHA could consider adding to its criteria for targeting
inspections the presence of contract dollars.  If a company's
worksite, for example, were already identified by OSHA's targeting
system because of meeting hazard-related criteria, OSHA might want to
make sure to inspect such a worksite if the company also received
federal contracts.  In considering whether to do so, OSHA would have
to address several issues: 

  -- The appropriateness, from a policy standpoint, of including
     federal contract status among criteria it considers in
     prioritizing inspections. 

  -- The amount of emphasis to give to this criteria and how to
     combine it with others (OSHA might want to consider this only
     after the worksite already met OSHA's hazard-related criteria
     because of, for example, a high number of injuries or illnesses
     or a history of violations). 

  -- How closely tied to federal contract dollars must the worksite
     be to warrant an inspection because it is a federal contractor. 
     (For example, is it necessary that federal dollars are being
     awarded to this worksite or only that the company which owns
     this worksite is receiving federal contract dollars?)


--------------------
\44 OSHA's current inspection priority system gives first priority to
inspections of imminent danger situations, fatalities or catastrophes
(referring to at least one fatality and the hospitalization of three
or more workers), referrals from the media or other government
agencies, and complaints from workers.  Second priority is given to
programmed inspections, which are initiated by OSHA.  Programmed
inspections are scheduled as follows:  (1) construction inspections
that are selected randomly among larger, active construction sites,
(2) nonconstruction safety inspections that are selected using lists
of employers in industries with high injury rates, and (3)
nonconstruction health inspections using lists of employers in
industries with a history of noncompliance with OSHA health
regulations. 


   CONCLUSIONS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :8

The federal government awarded $38 billion in federal contracts
during fiscal year 1994 to at least 261 corporate parent companies
that owned worksites where there were safety and health hazards. 
Although unaware of their contractor status, OSHA identified these
compliance problems through its ongoing enforcement efforts and
maintains information regarding the nature of the violations, the
fatalities and injuries associated with the violations, and the
penalties assessed. 

Many federal agencies across government already have the authority to
debar or suspend federal contractors for the violation of safety and
health regulations.  The prospect of debarment or suspension can also
provide impetus for a contractor to undertake remedial measures to
improve workplace conditions.  Agencies could use the awarding of
federal contracts as a vehicle to encourage companies to take more
affirmative steps (for example, develop a worksite safety and health
program, or participate in voluntary compliance efforts like Maine
200)\45 to improve workplace safety and health.  Given the complexity
of federal procurement regulations and processes and individual
agencies' familiarity with the specific companies and contracts
involved, they are probably in a better position than OSHA to make
each contracting decision.  However, agency awarding and debarring
officials have not taken actions against contractors for safety and
health violations at least partially because they did not have the
information to determine which federal contractors have violated
safety and health regulations, even when they have been assessed high
penalties for willful or repeat violations or cited under OSHA's
"egregious" policy. 

The considerable number of federal contractors with OSHA violations,
even in the single year we examined, suggests that policies and
procedures should be developed to facilitate the exchange of
information between OSHA and agency awarding and debarring officials
to help improve federal contractor compliance.  Also, contractors
might be more attentive to their safety and health practices if OSHA
were to give inspection priority to those high-hazard workplaces
operated by federal contractors. 


--------------------
\45 In 1993, OSHA initiated a pilot program, referred to as Maine
200, in which OSHA invited 200 companies in Maine with the highest
number of injuries to conduct self-inspections to identify workplace
hazards and to develop worksite safety and health action plans.  In
return for such participation, OSHA would give these companies its
lowest inspection priority. 


   RECOMMENDATIONS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :9

We recommend that the Secretary of Labor direct the Assistant
Secretary for Occupational Safety and Health to

  -- develop and implement policies and procedures, in consultation
     with GSA and the Interagency Committee on Debarment and
     Suspension, for how safety and health records of federal
     contractors could be shared to better inform agency awarding and
     debarring officials in their decisions regarding contracts in
     order to improve workplace safety and health. 

  -- develop policies and procedures regarding whether and how it
     will consider a company's status as a federal contractor in
     setting priorities for inspecting worksites. 

  -- assess the appropriateness of extending these policies and
     procedures to cover companies receiving other forms of federal
     financial assistance, such as grants and loans. 


   AGENCY COMMENTS AND OUR
   EVALUATION
----------------------------------------------------------- Letter :10

We obtained comments on a draft of this report from the Department of
Labor, GSA, and the Interagency Committee on Debarment and
Suspension.  Labor noted that our findings reflected positively on
OSHA's enforcement efforts because the companies we identified as
receiving federal contracts were already being cited for violations
at some worksites under OSHA's existing compliance program.  Labor
stated that federal contractors, like other employers, have a
responsibility for providing employees with a safe and healthful
workplace.  Labor also agreed that the exchange of information
between OSHA and GSA could make additional compliance strategies
available to OSHA at the worksites of federal contractors and could
be consistent with OSHA's effort to reinvent its enforcement policies
and procedures. 

However, Labor officials also suggested that our recommendation
regarding the exchange of information on inspections and contracts be
directed to GSA because they believe that GSA is in a better position
to affect agency contracting actions.  Officials expressed greater
concern about our recommendation to use federal contractor status as
one criterion in OSHA's prioritizing of inspection resources.  Labor
officials said that the report does not provide evidence that federal
contractors have a worse compliance record than other employers. 
Because OSHA's inspection targeting program, consistent with the
administration's National Performance Review (NPR),\46 is intended to
focus OSHA's limited enforcement resources toward worksites where the
greatest safety and health hazards exist, introducing the criterion
of whether or not a company received federal contracts could divert
resources toward worksites with less serious hazards. 

Although coordination among all parties is necessary, we directed our
recommendations to Labor because we believe that OSHA is the
appropriate starting point for the initiation and development of any
information exchange on federal contracts and OSHA inspections.  OSHA
is the primary federal agency responsible for workplace safety and
health and it maintains detailed information on the inspections
conducted throughout the nation, including the nature and severity of
the violations detected.  In contrast, although GSA maintains
information on federal contracts, the contracting function itself is
diffused among many individual agencies and departments.  Therefore,
our recommendations recognize GSA as instrumental in facilitating the
sharing of information between OSHA, which maintains the safety and
health compliance information, and agency awarding and debarring
officials, who can use this information in their contracting
decisions. 

Regarding Labor's concerns about OSHA's allocation of its inspection
resources, we acknowledge that including federal contractor status as
an additional criterion in OSHA's prioritization of inspections
raises several issues, including its appropriateness from a policy
standpoint and how such a criterion would be operationalized. 
However, we view the use of federal contractor status as a criterion
to be implemented in addition to and not in lieu of other criteria
identifying high-hazard workplaces.  We also recognize that Labor,
upon conclusion of its review, may determine that federal contractor
status should play only a minor role in OSHA's prioritization of
resources.  In addition, given our requesters' interests and the
formidable data limitations facing such an analysis, we did not seek
to assess federal contractors' overall compliance record as compared
with other employers.  Instead, we sought to determine whether
companies receiving federal contracts had also been assessed
significant proposed penalties for safety and health violations.  Our
finding that 16 percent of all the significant-penalty inspections
closed in fiscal year 1994 involved federal contractors suggests that
the inclusion of contractor status as a priority criterion could
enhance OSHA's ability to ensure safe and healthful working
conditions for U.S.  workers. 

Officials from GSA and members of the Interagency Committee on
Debarment and Suspension also generally agreed with the report's
findings and concurred that information on OSHA inspections of firms
receiving federal contracts would be useful to agency awarding and
debarring officials' decisions.  Members of the Interagency Committee
also suggested that having an OSHA representative participate in the
monthly meetings of the Interagency Committee would be very useful to
the entire information-sharing process. 

Although GSA officials and Interagency Committee members believe that
the recommendation regarding the exchange of information has merit,
they said that the report appears to confuse the roles that OSHA,
GSA, the Interagency Committee, and agency awarding and debarring
officials would play in its implementation.  These officials believe
that the report places too much responsibility for the safety and
health compliance of federal contractors on GSA and the Interagency
Committee.  On such matters, they believe that only OSHA has
sufficient expertise to implement a health and safety compliance
program.  They stated that officials involved in awarding contracts
or debarring contractors have little technical expertise in OSHA
compliance matters and would not be knowledgeable about the
appropriate remedial measures that, in the OSHA context, would be
sufficient. 

In addition, although GSA officials and Interagency Committee members
agreed that they can help disseminate OSHA inspection information,
they have few resources to perform other more elaborate tasks such as
the dissemination of detailed OSHA compliance information. 
Interagency Committee members, in particular, said that they lack
staff and administrative support that would be necessary for it to
serve as a clearinghouse of OSHA contractor compliance information. 
Interagency Committee members also stated that the committee's
authority is limited to coordinating the assignment of lead agency
responsibility when more than one agency has an interest in a
particular contractor and it cannot assign this responsibility. 
Finally, because the Interagency Committee is composed only of
debarring officials, it has no direct link to awarding officials that
could limit its role in facilitating the flow of violation
information to agency contract officers. 

GSA officials and Interagency Committee members also pointed out that
debarment and suspension actions, because they can have a serious
impact on a contractor's business life, can provide an impetus for a
contractor to take remedial measures.  However, they stated that it
would be inappropriate and run counter to procurement regulations to
use debarment or suspension to threaten a contractor, even one with
an egregious safety record.\47 To further clarify the roles of OSHA
and other parties on this matter, GSA officials suggested that an
appropriate sequence implementing this recommendation would be for
OSHA to establish with the contractor the appropriate compliance
program and then provide information on the case to the contracting
agency's debarring official for review of the contractor's overall
responsibility. 

We did not specify the precise roles that OSHA, GSA, and other
parties should play in facilitating the exchange of information
because we believed that it was best that the flexibility be
available to ensure that any arrangement developed would minimize the
burden for all parties.  However, we agree with GSA officials and
members of the Interagency Committee that OSHA should be the primary
agency concerned with health and safety regulatory compliance.  We
also believe that GSA and the Interagency Committee are better
positioned than OSHA to identify which violators receive federal
contracts and to help disseminate information on OSHA inspections to
federal awarding and debarring officials throughout the government. 
Awarding and debarring officials within the individual agencies,
after review of OSHA inspection information, would then be able to
make more informed decisions.  Under such a procedure, agency
discretion could be preserved so that awarding and debarring
officials could provide the appropriate impetus for improvement to
federal contractors while avoiding unnecessary procurement
disruptions.  We also note that, in all cases, OSHA would not be
precluded from using its own authority to cite employers for
violations, monitor abatement efforts, or take other available
actions. 

We also agree that debarment or suspension should not be used as a
means to punish individual contractors and the report does not
recommend this.  Instead, agencies could use OSHA inspection
information to ensure that they comply with the requirement in
federal procurement regulations that agencies contract only with
firms that are responsible--in compliance with applicable laws and
regulations, including the Occupational Safety and Health Act.  As
GSA officials note, the prospect of debarment or suspension because
of corporate irresponsibility can provide the impetus for a
contractor to undertake remedial measures to eliminate workplace
hazards that could cause employees injury or illness, thus improving
the protection afforded to them. 

Labor, GSA, and the Interagency Committee also provided us with
technical suggestions, which we incorporated where appropriate in the
final report. 


--------------------
\46 NPR, under the direction of the Vice President, is a major
management reform initiative by the administration and is intended to
identify ways to make the government work better and cost less. 

\47 See Federal Acquisition Regulation, section 9.402(b), which
states:  "The serious nature of debarment and suspension requires
that these sanctions be imposed only in the public interest for the
Government's protection and not for purposes of punishment."


--------------------------------------------------------- Letter :10.1

As arranged with your offices, unless you publicly announce its
contents earlier, we plan no further distribution of this report
until 30 days after its issue date.  At that time, we will send
copies of this report to the Secretary of Labor, the Assistant
Secretary for Occupational Safety and Health, the Administrator of
GSA, the Chairman of the Interagency Committee on Debarment and
Suspension, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget,
relevant congressional committees, and interested parties.  We also
will make copies available to others on request. 

If you or your staff have any questions concerning this report,
please call Charlie Jeszeck, Assistant Director, at (202) 512-7036 or
Jackie Baker Werth, Project Manager, at (202) 512-7070. 

Carlotta C.  Joyner
Director, Education and
 Employment Issues


OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY
=========================================================== Appendix I

We were asked to (1) determine how many companies receiving federal
contracts have also been assessed penalties for violations of
occupational safety and health regulations, (2) describe the
characteristics of these contractors and their contracts, (3)
describe the kinds of violations for which these contractors were
cited, and (4) identify ways to improve contractor compliance with
workplace safety and health requirements.  The scope of our work
included the following: 

  -- Matching violation data from OSHA's database of inspection
     results (IMIS) with a database of federal contractors maintained
     by GSA for fiscal year 1994, referred to as the FPDS.  We
     restricted our analysis to those OSHA inspections that were
     closed in fiscal year 1994 in which the proposed penalty
     assessed by the OSHA compliance officer was what we defined as
     significant, regardless of the amount of the actual penalty
     recorded when the inspection was closed.  We considered the
     proposed penalty assessed by the compliance officer to have been
     significant if it was $15,000 or more. 

  -- Verifying by telephone that the company listed in IMIS was the
     same company (or owned by the same parent company) listed in
     FPDS. 

  -- Analyzing FPDS for the dollar value of the fiscal year 1994
     contracts received by the violator or its parent company and the
     federal agencies that awarded the contracts. 

  -- Analyzing IMIS for characteristics of the violations and the
     worksites inspected. 

  -- Meeting with compliance staff at OSHA and with federal
     contracting officials at GSA and other agency experts in
     procurement. 

MATCHING VIOLATION DATA AGAINST
FEDERAL CONTRACT DATA


      BACKGROUND ON DATABASES
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix I:0.1

The IMIS database includes over 2 million inspections from 1972 to
1995, and over 100,000 were closed in fiscal year 1994 alone.  IMIS
includes such information as to whether or not the inspections were
performed by OSHA or a state-operated program, penalty amounts
(proposed and actual),\48

the type of violation (for example, serious, willful, or repeat), the
standards violated, whether fatalities or injuries occurred, and
abatement information.  In addition, IMIS includes some data on the
worksite inspected, including the industry it is engaged in and the
number of workers.\49

IMIS is structured so that key inspection data (with a unique
identifier, referred to as the activity number) are contained in the
stem and more detailed data in segments.  The violation segment, for
example, includes information on specific violations for which the
worksite was cited and the types of violations committed (serious,
willful, and repeat).  Another segment, referred to as the accident
segment, includes details on, among other things, the number of
workers injured and degree of injury. 

In capturing violation data, violations are often grouped together
when they are related.  For example, detailed violations in which the
employer was cited for inadequate locks to secure machines and
failure to perform periodic inspection of machinery could be grouped
together under the primary violation of lockout/tagout. 
Lockout/tagout refers to a number of requirements for the maintenance
of machines and equipment to protect against their starting up
unexpectedly.  Similarly, when reporting actual penalties, we
accumulated only those penalties attached to the primary member of a
group of violations (including penalties for individual violations
only if they were not members of a group). 

In fiscal year 1994 alone, FPDS tracked information on 179,977
contracts and 477,648 contract actions, totaling $176 billion.\50
FPDS contains a variety of information, including the contractor's
name and location, contract amounts awarded, agency the contract is
with, principal place of contract performance, and products and
services provided. 


--------------------
\48 In IMIS, a proposed penalty is referred to as an initial penalty;
an actual penalty is referred to as a current penalty.  A proposed
penalty refers to an OSHA compliance officer's judgment of the nature
and severity of violations.  An actual penalty refers to the penalty
once the inspection is closed (either because the employer accepted
the citation or a contested citation was resolved).  The actual
penalty is often less than the proposed penalty, but may be the same
if an employer accepted a citation or was refused a penalty reduction
after contesting a citation. 

\49 IMIS uses the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes--a
federal classification system--in order to describe the type of
industry each worksite is engaged in.  Worksites can be divided into
11 major classifications--such as construction, manufacturing, and
services. 

\50 This database compiles information on contracts valued at $25,000
or more from Individual Contract Action Reports (SF 279) completed by
staff in the contracting agency.  GSA also tracks contract awards
under $25,000 in a separate database capturing only summary
information, which is referred to as the Summary Contract Action
Report (SF 281).  We did not include this database of smaller
contract awards in our analysis. 


      RESTRICTING ANALYSIS TO IMIS
      INSPECTIONS IN WHICH COMPANY
      ASSESSED SIGNIFICANT
      PROPOSED PENALTIES
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix I:0.2

To determine which federal contractors were OSHA violators, we
matched IMIS with the FPDS.  We chose to restrict our matching
process to inspections resulting in proposed penalties of at least
$15,000 (regardless of the amount of the actual penalty recorded when
the inspection was closed).  The proposed penalty is the penalty
issued by OSHA in the original citation and reflects the compliance
officer's judgment of the nature and severity of violations.  We
restricted the matching process in this way so that

  -- we would include in our analysis only those companies whose
     safety and health violations resulted in proposed penalties that
     we defined as significant, and

  -- a manually matching procedure would be feasible.  A manual
     process was necessitated because of missing corporate
     identification codes in IMIS, which precluded an automated
     matching procedure.  Only by limiting the size of one of the two
     databases, IMIS in this case, was a manual matching process
     possible. 

Discussions with OSHA officials, including IMIS specialists, helped
us identify ways to limit the size of IMIS.  We decided to use only
one fiscal year of inspection data (1994) for cases that had already
closed because we would be certain that the actual penalty and
disposition of any inspection would not change.  We also applied
several other conditions, including that at least one violation was
cited.\51

A proposed penalty is a compliance officer's judgment of the nature
and severity of violations and, according to OSHA officials, is a
better reflection of the seriousness of the citations than actual
penalties because actual penalties are a product of other factors
such as negotiations between OSHA and the company to encourage
quicker abatement of workplace hazards.  The criteria of $15,000 or
more in proposed penalties resulted in a total of 2,113 inspections. 
This, we determined, would be a small enough number of inspections to
feasibly match against the larger FPDS.  These 2,113 inspections
represent only 3 percent of all closed fiscal year inspections.  We
referred to these inspections as those in which the company was
assessed significant proposed penalties for OSHA violations. 


--------------------
\51 These additional conditions reduced the number of inspections
closed in fiscal year 1994 from 112,913 to 72,950.  These conditions
include eliminating inspections that were scheduled but did not
actually occur because the company went out of business.  Also
eliminated were worksites included in IMIS because they were covered
by a corporatewide settlement agreement even though these particular
worksites had not actually been inspected. 


      THE MANUAL MATCHING
      PROCEDURE
------------------------------------------------------- Appendix I:0.3

A manual matching procedure was necessitated by missing corporate
identification codes in IMIS for many of the establishments
inspected, precluding an automated matching procedure.  IMIS includes
a field for a company's Dun & Bradstreet code.  However, at the time
that we initiated this review, the Dun number was provided in only 20
percent of the 72,950 inspections closed in fiscal year 1994.\52

We manually compared each company name among the selected 2,113
inspections in IMIS with the larger FPDS, identifying those company
names which were identical or nearly identical.  Because companies
may split up, merge, subcontract, operate subsidiaries, or change
names, the company might have appeared under different names in the
IMIS and the FPDS and thereby escaped our detection. 

Through manual matching, we identified 499 inspections (nearly
one-fourth of the 2,113 inspections) in which the company names were
identical or nearly identical.  We eliminated some of these 499
inspections either because our telephone verification revealed that
the company listed in IMIS was not the same company as listed in FPDS
or because we were unable to verify the match.  A total of 345
inspections, involving 261 federal contractors, resulted because some
of the federal contractors owned more than one inspected worksite. 
This represents 16 percent of all 2,113 inspections closed in fiscal
year 1994 in which a significant proposed penalty was assessed for
OSHA violations.  How cases were eliminated is described below.  (See
fig.  I.1.)

   Figure I.1:  Reasons for
   Eliminating Inspections to
   Identify Those Involving
   Companies That Received Federal
   Contracts

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

Note:  Because of rounding, percentages do not total to 100. 

VERIFYING BY TELEPHONE THAT
FEDERAL CONTRACTOR AND OSHA
VIOLATOR ARE THE SAME COMPANY

To ensure that a company listed in IMIS was the same company (or
owned by the same parent company) as the company listed in FPDS, we
telephoned the worksite where the OSHA violations occurred.\53 We
verified that the company name and worksite locations, identified in
both databases, referred to the same company or were owned by the
same parent company.  If there was more than one worksite under the
same or identical name in IMIS (indicating that violations may have
occurred at different worksites owned by or associated with the same
parent company), we verified that all these worksites were owned by
the parent company.  We also asked the contact to provide the parent
company name or, if a parent company name was included in FPDS, to
verify that name. 

We eliminated from our matched companies those for which the
telephone call revealed that the company listed in IMIS was not the
same company as listed in FPDS (83 worksites representing 4 percent
of the 2,113 inspections).  We also eliminated companies (71
worksites representing 3 percent of the 2,113 inspections) because we
were unable to verify the match for a variety of reasons.  Some
companies went out of business or relocated, or the location
information in IMIS or FPDS was either incomplete or inaccurate.  We
also eliminated worksites when we were told they were organized as a
franchise and the parent company exercised little oversight over the
franchised worksites.  The greatest portion of worksites that we
could not verify were engaged in construction (52 percent).  We
believe that because worksites in this industry are often
temporary--existing only for the duration of a construction
project--the employer, in our telephone contacts, could not always
recall if such a worksite existed when the inspection was conducted. 

The 345 inspections of worksites verified as being owned by federal
contractors include 65 that we decided did not require telephone
verification because the company names and worksite locations in IMIS
and FPDS matched exactly. 

ANALYZING FPDS

We analyzed FPDS for the dollar value of the fiscal year 1994
contracts received by the corporate parent companies of the
violators.  Therefore, when referring to a federal contractor in our
report, we are referring to the parent company.  For the 345 matched
companies, we used only variations of the company name and worksite
locations that were verified by telephone to retrieve fiscal year
1994 contract information from the FPDS.\54 This was a conservative
approach to ensure that we were not attributing more contract dollars
to that company than were verified.\55

We found it necessary to report federal contract award data for
violators by parent company for several reasons: 

  -- First, FPDS data did not enable us to confirm whether a
     company's contract activity occurred at the same worksite where
     the company was cited for safety and health violations.  FPDS
     data on principal place of performance include city and state
     information but not a street address, which is needed to confirm
     a match to the worksite level.  Also, the location that receives
     the largest dollar share of the contract is listed as the
     principal place of performance.  Moreover, if the place of
     performance cannot be determined, the contractor's billing
     location is used instead. 

  -- Second, it would have been difficult to get companies to confirm
     whether or not they conduct federal contract work at the
     particular worksite where the violations occurred.  This
     information might not be readily available or might be
     considered confidential or proprietary. 

  -- Third, the nature of some contract work is so dispersed (for
     example, interstate transportation of freight), with contract
     activity of some form occurring across multiple worksites, that
     it would have been difficult for even the company to verify
     exactly what activities at various worksites were supported by
     federal contracts.  Even when focusing our analysis on the
     agency from which most contract dollars were awarded to a
     particular company, there were often many corresponding places
     of performance and products and services provided to this
     agency. 

The 345 inspections involved 261 federal contractors because some
federal contractors owned more than one inspected worksite.  For each
of the 261 federal contractors, we checked to ensure that any
corporate identification code was not shared by another federal
contractor we had verified as a violator.  If there was a shared
corporate identification code, we made sure that we had confirmed,
during our telephone verifications, that these worksites were owned
by the same federal contractor to preclude double counting contract
awards. 

Using FPDS, we examined total contract dollars awarded by each
federal agency.  We also ran a distribution of contract dollars to
determine the number of federal contractors by the size of contract
awards.  We did not determine the extent to which OSHA violators were
federal subcontractors (companies who receive a portion of the
contract award through a primary federal contractor) with violations
because we could not identify subcontractors. 

ANALYZING IMIS

We analyzed IMIS for characteristics of the violations cited in these
inspections.  We ran distributions on a number of data fields,
tabulating the data by the 345 matched inspections where possible, or
the 5,121 violations associated with these inspections if the data
did not lend themselves to presentation by inspection.\56

Even though all of these 345 inspections were closed in fiscal year
1994, many may have been conducted years before.  Some inspections
can take many years to resolve.  Only 20 percent of the 345
inspections were opened and closed within fiscal year 1994, 45
percent were opened in fiscal year 1993, and 35 percent were opened
in fiscal years 1986 through 1992.  As a result, a company may not
have been receiving federal contracts at the same time that it
violated the act.  Another limitation to this review is that
companies may have changed their safety and health practices,
particularly if a long time has elapsed between the opening and
closing of an inspection.  This means that worksites with poor safety
and health practices when the inspection was opened may have improved
their practices by the time the inspection was closed, as a result of
the inspection or other factors. 

Employee complaints were the most common reason these 345 inspections
were conducted (41 percent).  Programmed inspections, which include
inspections in construction and other high-hazard industries, were
the next most common (27 percent) reason given for inspections. 
Fatalities or catastrophes (referring to at least one fatality and
the hospitalization of at least three workers) led to 13 percent of
these inspections.  The other 9 percent of inspections included
follow-up inspections to determine if previously cited violations had
been corrected and monitoring inspections to ensure that hazards were
being corrected whenever a long period of time was needed to come
into compliance.  Referrals from any source, including media reports,
led to 9 percent of these inspections.  Although OSHA's first
priority for conducting an inspection is if there is an alleged
imminent danger situation,\57 none of our 345 matched inspections was
conducted for this reason.  (See fig.  I.2.)

   Figure I.2:  Inspections
   Involving Federal Contractors
   Assessed Significant Proposed
   Penalties by Type of
   Inspection, Fiscal Year 1994

   (See figure in printed
   edition.)

Note:  Because of rounding, percentages do not total to 100. 

We discovered some inconsistencies in accident data when comparing
different sources of data.\58 The primary source of accident data is
in the IMIS accident segment, providing data on the number of workers
killed or injured and the degree of injury, among other information. 
However, investigation summaries, referring to accident abstracts
submitted by OSHA compliance officers, referred to fatalities or
injuries not always recorded in the accident segment.  In addition,
some violations were coded in a special manner to indicate that they
were related to a fatality or catastrophe, yet there was not a
corresponding accident segment or investigation summary.  We
reconciled these inconsistencies by conducting follow-up telephone
calls to the OSHA area offices that had conducted the inspection.  In
many of these inspections, a fatality or injury had occurred.\59 The
results of these follow-up calls are reflected in the number of
fatalities and injuries and in the descriptions of the accidents,
which occurred at the worksites of 50 federal contractors. 

We performed a special tabulation for types of violations.  Because
the types of violations (serious, willful, repeat, and unclassified)
are captured not by inspection but by violations only, our special
tabulation involved developing counts by inspection when there was at
least one violation of that particular type.  We also performed a
special tabulation to determine how many inspections involved
additional penalties assessed under OSHA's "egregious" policy and the
specific standards violated.\60 We also ran data for all worksites to
determine whether a company had been penalized for failing to abate a
hazard. 

We ran distributions of penalties, both of total proposed penalties
and total actual penalties for our 345 inspections.\61 To capture the
degree to which proposed penalties were reduced, we ran a
distribution of the percentage difference between each proposed and
actual penalty.  Finally, we ran distributions by standards violated,
focusing on those standards in which the greatest number of
violations in these 345 inspections fell. 

We chose not to report the disposition of inspections, referring to
the level of review at which a contested inspection was
resolved--formal settlement agreement, administrative law judge
decision, or by OSHRC commissioners' decision.  After requesting
copies of decisions from OSHRC on those inspections in which
violations were coded as being resolved by its commissioners, we
found that many of these cases had actually been resolved before
reaching this level of review by an administrative law judge's
decision.\62 We found disposition coding errors of this nature among
inspections conducted by both federal OSHA and state-operated
programs.  However, we did review all administrative law judge
decisions in the federal OSHA cases to make sure that the types of
violations reported and the actual penalties for which the company
was assessed accurately reflected the review by the administrative
law judge.\63

We also used IMIS to characterize the worksite where the inspection
occurred.  OSHA staff told us that the more reliable data on the
number of employees was the number at the worksite.\64 We also ran a
distribution on the primary industry the worksite was engaged in,
relying on SIC codes captured for each worksite.  We used more
detailed codes within the SIC classification system when reporting on
individual worksites.  To describe the federal contractors (or parent
company) that own the worksites inspected, we gathered number of
employees and annual sales data for selected companies--those that
were assessed significant proposed penalties in more than one
inspection closed in fiscal year 1994.\65

OSHA staff helped us to determine whether some of the worksites owned
by federal contractors that had been assessed significant proposed
penalties had a history of violations.  OSHA staff, using corporate
identification codes for worksites inspected, performed a search of
IMIS to retrieve prior-year inspections at these same worksites. 
Because of missing corporate identification numbers, OSHA was only
able to retrieve prior-year inspection information on about one-half
(197) of the worksites.  We ran a distribution by proposed penalty to
determine if some of these prior inspections resulted in significant
proposed penalties of $15,000 or more. 

We also asked OSHA staff to review our list of 261 federal
contractors who own worksites with safety and health violations to
determine whether any of their 345 inspections were criminally
prosecuted by OSHA\66

or, conversely, whether any of these federal contractors were
participants in OSHA's VPP because of exemplary safety and health
practices.  While OSHA staff determined that none of the 345
inspections was criminally prosecuted, they reported to us that some
of these federal contractors did have worksites (other than those
assessed significant proposed penalties for safety and health
violations) that were VPP participants. 

EXPLORING WAYS TO IMPROVE
COMPLIANCE

To explore ways to improve compliance of federal contractors with
OSHA, we met with OSHA officials in the Directorate of Compliance
Programs, because of their enforcement responsibilities, and Labor's
Office of the Solicitor.  We also met with contracting officials at
GSA and the Interagency Committee on Debarment and Suspension, which
coordinates suspension and debarment activities governmentwide.  We
also met with computer and technical staff in OSHA headquarters as
well as officials in its San Francisco regional office. 

We conducted our work from July 1995 to July 1996 in accordance with
generally accepted government auditing standards. 


--------------------
\52 OSHA has experienced difficulties collecting this number, in part
because some companies do not have a Dun & Bradstreet number or
supervisors at worksites inspected do not always know this number or
report it accurately.  OSHA has tried to address this problem by
automatically sending information regarding the worksite inspected to
Dun & Bradstreet in order to get an identification number for the
company that owns the worksite.  OSHA is also experimenting with the
use of tax identification numbers to facilitate the cross-referencing
of inspections of worksites owned by or associated with the same
parent company. 

\53 If we could not find a telephone number for this location, we
telephoned the company at a location provided in FPDS. 

\54 We used corporate identification codes that corresponded with
these verified company names and worksite locations to actually
retrieve contract information in FPDS.  GSA uses corporate
identification codes that are a derivative of the Dun & Bradstreet
codes for identifying companies.  GSA relies on two sets of numbers: 
(1) contractor establishment codes (CEC), referring to a contractor's
worksite and (2) ultimate contractor establishment codes (ULTICEC),
referring to the ultimate parent company of the contractor.  We
retrieved all contract data by the ULTICEC corresponding to
variations of the company name and worksite locations that were
verified.  In this way, we ensured that federal contract data for
each violator were comprehensive by parent company. 

\55 We dropped those locations we could not verify unless the
corporate identification number was the same as that for a location
that we were able to verify. 

\56 The 5,121 violations include only the primary violation, if
several violations are grouped together, and individual violations,
if they are not members of a group. 

\57 Imminent danger refers to any condition where there is reasonable
certainty that a danger exists that can be expected to cause death or
serious physical harm immediately.  If it is decided that the case
has merit, the OSHA area director will assign a compliance officer to
conduct an immediate inspection of the workplace. 

\58 Reasons for these discrepancies, according to OSHA staff, include
changing definitions for catastrophe (during fiscal year 1994, the
definition changed from five or more to three or more hospitalized
injuries); different criteria that state-operated programs use in
determining whether to report fatalities or injuries; workers for the
subcontractor, not the contractor, were affected; and data input
errors. 

\59 In a few inspections, the fatalities or injuries occurred before
the inspection and were recorded in the worksite's injury and illness
log.  The inspector included these fatalities and injuries in his or
her investigation summary because they were directly related to the
violations for which the company was cited.  We have included these
fatalities and injuries in our totals. 

\60 Under its "egregious" policy, OSHA issues separate penalties for
each instance of a violation--or for each worker exposed to a
hazard--rather than levying a single penalty.  This policy, according
to OSHA officials, has helped create a deterrent by allowing OSHA to
levy penalties that are high enough to have an economic effect on the
company.  However, this policy is currently being challenged in
several key cases.  For example, in Secretary of Labor v.  Arcadian
Corp., OSHRC ruled that the Secretary of Labor does not have the
authority under the General Duty Clause to cite separate violations
for each employee exposed to a hazard.  Labor, however, has appealed
this case to the federal court.  Arcadian Corp.  was cited following
the catastrophic failure of a reactor in a fertilizer plant. 

\61 The average penalties for these 345 inspections ($70,000 proposed
penalty; $32,000 actual penalty) were higher compared with average
penalties for all fiscal year 1994 cases--in which $3,004 was the
average proposed penalty and $1,517 was the average actual penalty. 
This is because we restricted our analysis to inspections with
significant proposed penalties.  Penalties for federal OSHA
inspections tend to be higher than for inspections by state-operated
programs--$2,446 for federal OSHA compared with $810 for
state-operated programs in actual penalties. 

\62 We also conducted follow-up telephone calls to OSHA area offices
to confirm this. 

\63 In only one inspection did we find that the administrative law
judge decision was not reflected in IMIS data.  Therefore, when
reporting information about this individual company, we indicated
that these violations had been changed to unclassified by an
administrative law judge's decision.  However, we included the types
of violations as recorded in IMIS (before they were changed by the
administrative law judge's decision) in our totals for all violators. 

\64 The number of workers affected by the inspection and the number
of workers controlled by the employer nationally are also captured in
IMIS.  However, several OSHA staff told us these data were less
reliable. 

\65 For this purpose, we referred to Series 1995 Million Dollar
Directory, Dun & Bradstreet (Bethlehem, Penn.:  Dun & Bradstreet,
Inc., 1995). 

\66 An employer can be penalized up to $250,000 ($500,000 if a
corporation) and sentenced to 6 months' imprisonment for the willful
violation of a standard when the violation causes the death of an
employee. 


CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INSPECTIONS
AND CONTRACTS OF 261 FEDERAL
CONTRACTORS ASSESSED SIGNIFICANT
PROPOSED PENALTIES
========================================================== Appendix II

Table II.1 provides key characteristics of inspections and contracts
of the 261 federal contractors assessed significant proposed
penalties for violations of safety and health regulations.  Our
definition of a significant penalty is a proposed penalty of $15,000
or more regardless of the size of the actual penalty recorded when
the inspection was closed (either because the employer accepted the
citation or a contested citation was resolved).  The proposed penalty
is the penalty issued by OSHA in the original citation and reflects
the compliance officer's judgment of the nature and severity of
violations, while the actual penalty may be the product of other
factors such as negotiations between OSHA and the company to
encourage quicker abatement of workplace hazards.  Because some of
these 261 federal contractors own more than one worksite inspected, a
total of 345 inspections appear in the table.  In reporting fiscal
year 1994 contract dollars, we are referring to the federal
contractor (or parent company), which is identified if it is
different from the name of the worksite where the violations
occurred.  The violations may have occurred at only one worksite or
facility, possibly within a division or subsidiary, of the federal
contractor and not necessarily where the contract activity was
performed. 

Inspection information includes the location of the worksite
inspected and the activity number of the inspection that is assigned
in IMIS.  We have provided both the proposed and actual penalties. 
We have reported those standards violated that are associated with
the highest actual penalty as well as standards that reportedly
contributed to a fatality or injury when different than the former. 
In summarizing the fatality or injury, we referred to investigation
summaries submitted by OSHA compliance officers or follow-up calls to
local OSHA offices when other data in IMIS indicated an accident had
occurred but no summary was available.  To provide selected
characteristics of violations, we reported whether violations
included at least one violation that was willful, repeat, or serious
and whether the company was assessed penalties under OSHA's
"egregious" policy or for failing to abate a hazard. 

If a proposed penalty of $100,000 or more was assessed for safety and
health violations (which was the case in 26 of these inspections), an
asterisk appears by the activity number of the inspection.  If an
inspection was conducted by a state-operated safety and health
program (which was the case in 71 of these inspections), a special
symbol (#) appears by the activity number of the inspection. 



                                         Table II.1
                          
                           Characteristics of the Inspections and
                            Contracts of 261 Federal Contractors

                          (Worksite (name of federal contractor if
                             different; total contract dollars
                                         awarded))

Location of
inspection         Proposed                                                      Selected
(IMIS               penalty      OSHA standard violated                          characteri
activity            (actual      associated with         Description of          stics of
number)            penalty)      highest actual penalty  fatality or injury      violations
-------------  ------------  --  ----------------------  ----------------------  ----------
A.H.A. General Construction ($1,180,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New York, NY        $22,050      Demolition              5 workers were          Serious
(106934086)       ($12,000)                              hospitalized due to
                                                         fall when floor of
                                                         building, which was
                                                         not shored or braced,
                                                         collapsed during
                                                         demolition.


A.A.R. Engine Component Services (A.A.R. Corp.; 46,224,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Frankfort, NY        33,000      Hazardous materials                             Repeat;
(018154542)        (15,750)                                                      serious


A.B.B. Combustion Engineering Nuclear (A.B.B. A.S.E.A. Brown Boveri, Ltd.; 100,882,000 in
contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Newington, NH        20,775      Machinery and machine                           Serious
(108781816)        (15,900)      guarding


Acme Steel Co. (Acme Metals, Inc.; 310,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chicago, IL          83,000      Means of egress;\a      1 worker died, another  Repeat;
(103451274)        (62,250)      hazardous materials;    was hospitalized, from  serious
                                 personal protective     exposure to blast
                                 equipment; general      furnace gas due to
                                 environmental           equipment failure at a
                                 controls; lockout/      steel mill.
                                 tagout;\b toxic and
                                 hazardous substances


Alamo Transformer Supply Co. (2,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Houston, TX          30,000      Hazardous materials;                            Serious
(107489593)         (9,500)      compressed gas and air
                                 equipment; machinery
                                 and machine guarding;
                                 welding, cutting, and
                                 brazing; electrical


Albany International Corp. (214,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
East                 38,250      Lockout/tagout          1 worker was            Willful;
Greenbush, NY      (25,000)                              hospitalized and died   serious
(109053272)                                              4 days later after
                                                         being crushed in a
                                                         weaving loom at this
                                                         textile plant.


Alcan Toyo America (Toyo Aluminum KK; 512,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lockport, IL         16,750      General duty clause;    1 worker died from      Serious
(108719063)         (9,000)      personal protective     burns when a mixer
                                 equipment               containing aluminum
                                                         powder exploded at
                                                         this primary metals
                                                         production plant.


Alder Construction Co. (18,811,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Boise, ID            20,500      General safety and      1 worker died due to a  Serious
(107232167)        (20,500)      health provisions;      propane explosion when
                                 fire protection and     he entered a confined
                                 prevention;             space, where the
                                 occupational health     atmosphere had not
                                 and environmental       been tested, with a
                                 controls; personal      lighted torch.
                                 protective and
                                 lifesaving equipment


All American Poly Corp. (13,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dunellen, NJ         52,000      Hazardous materials                             Willful;
(114039639)        (20,000)                                                      serious


All-Steel, Inc. (B.T.R. PLC; 41,816,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Montgomery,          22,500      Personal protective                             Willful;
IL                 (10,000)      equipment                                       serious
(102997434)

West                 26,000      Hazardous materials                             Serious
Hazleton, PA       (13,000)
(018226225)


Allied Tube and Conduit (Tyco International, Ltd.; 17,697,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Philadelphia,        22,800      Occupational health                             Serious
PA                  (8,700)      and environmental
(017999095)                      control

Philadelphia,       137,500      Machinery and machine   3 workers lost fingers  Willful;
PA                 (40,000)      guarding                or parts of fingers,    repeat;
(018253054)*                                             and a fourth worker     serious
                                                         fractured several
                                                         fingers. Their fingers
                                                         were either crushed or
                                                         cut by machinery at
                                                         this electric wiring
                                                         facility. A fifth
                                                         worker was
                                                         hospitalized after
                                                         being pinned between a
                                                         forklift and a parking
                                                         cart.

Harvey, IL           20,700      Machinery and machine                           Serious
(103453387)        (12,000)      guarding


Aluminum Co. of America (4,785,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Massena, NY          59,850      Materials handling and                          Serious
(106991326)        (26,910)      storage; machinery and
                                 machine guarding

Rockdale, TX         15,000      General duty clause     1 worker died after he  Serious
(123431298)        (10,000)                              was crushed inside of
                                                         a truck that he
                                                         operated for this
                                                         metal smelting and
                                                         refining plant. The
                                                         truck ran off the road
                                                         and rolled upside
                                                         down, in part because
                                                         his vision was
                                                         obstructed due to the
                                                         truck's design.


Amcor, Inc. (C.R.H. PLC; 342,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nampa, ID            20,000      Lockout/tagout                                  Repeat;
(110517984)        (11,000)                                                      serious


Amoco Gas Co. (Amoco Corp.; 400,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Texas City,      37,500 (0)      All deleted             9 workers were
TX                                                       hospitalized for burns
(107491433)                                              due to an explosion of
                                                         a natural gas
                                                         pipeline.


The Arbors at Fairmont (Arbor Health Care Co.; 948,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fairmont, WV         22,950      Bloodborne pathogens                            Serious
(101176626)         (3,475)


Arco Alaska, Inc. (Atlantic Richfield Co.; 239,137,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prudhoe Bay,         15,000      Process safety          1 worker was            Serious
AK                  (7,500)      management;\c           hospitalized and 4
(105867964)#                     standards of state-     other workers were
                                 operated program        injured due to a flash
                                                         fire in a tank. Sparks
                                                         from a welding or
                                                         cutting operation
                                                         ignited gases in a
                                                         pipe that was
                                                         inadequately purged at
                                                         this petroleum and
                                                         natural gas facility.


Asplundh Tree Expert Co. (1,284,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Columbia, MD         64,950      Electrical              2 workers were          Serious
(119539898)#       (18,000)                              hospitalized due to
                                                         contact with a light
                                                         pole that hit high-
                                                         voltage lines when
                                                         they were reinstalling
                                                         it for this power line
                                                         construction company.


AT&T Communications (AT&T 873,855,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Danforth, ME         15,750      Special industries                              Serious
(109797910)         (4,875)


Avondale Industries, Inc. (111,789,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Westwego, LA         22,300      Machinery and machine                           Serious
(110344983)         (9,189)      guarding


B.R. Group, Inc. (57,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Orange, MA          214,000      Machinery and machine                           Willful;
(102861978)*       (50,000)      guarding                                        serious


Baldt, Inc. (94,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chester, PA          19,500      Lockout/tagout;                                 Serious
(102842192)         (1,000)      materials handling and
                                 storage; electrical;
                                 hazard communication
                                 standard


Ball Corp. (65,956,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Columbus, OH         35,000      Machinery and machine
(103343000)        (25,000)      guarding


Basler Electric Co. (373,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Corning, AR          30,650      Occupational health                             Serious
(107705931)         (9,975)      and environmental
                                 control


Bath Iron Works Corp. (Fulcrum II Limited Partnership; 797,629,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bath, ME          3,816,900      Electrical                                      Egregious;
(101450336)*      (580,000)                                                      willful;
                                                                                 repeat;
                                                                                 serious


Batson-Cook Co. (797,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tampa, FL            33,500      Construction; fall                              Serious
(109609776)        (21,775)      protection


Baxter Health Care Corp. (Baxter International, Inc.; 12,421,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Carolina, PR         22,000      Standards of state-                             Serious
(119461473)#       (22,000)      operated program


Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc. (Textron, Inc.; 1,201,959,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hurst, TX            20,000      Electrical              1 worker was killed
(103375663)         (5,000)                              and another
                                                         hospitalized due to
                                                         overexposure to
                                                         sulfuric acid in a
                                                         confined space.


Bender Shipbuilding & Repair Co. (14,749,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mobile, AL           65,050      Electrical                                      Serious
(107011207)        (33,023)


Berning Construction, Inc. (93,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Detroit, OR          15,075      Construction; standard                          Willful;
(123776262)#        (7,575)      of state-operated                               serious
                                 program


Bethlehem Steel Corp. (1,729,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sparrows             55,000      Walking-working                                 Serious
Point, MD          (55,000)      surfaces
(119517068)#

Sparrows             17,590      Walking-working                                 Repeat;
Point, MD           (8,190)      surfaces                                        serious
(104383815)#


Biocraft Laboratories, Inc. (17,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Paterson, NJ         16,500      Walking-working                                 Serious
(109043141)        (10,000)      surfaces; means of
                                 egress; hazardous
                                 materials; lockout/
                                 tagout; machinery and
                                 machine guarding

Fairfield, NJ        40,000      Lockout/tagout                                  Willful;
(101484780)        (14,750)                                                      serious


Bizzack, Inc. (4,500,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Logan, WV            18,000      Construction                                    Serious
(116242512)         (6,500)


Blaze Construction Co. (2,208,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pinon, AZ            45,200      Construction                                    Repeat;
(002331478)        (24,574)                                                      serious

Many Farms,          67,500      Excavations\d                                   Willful;
AZ                 (31,776)                                                      repeat;
(002331486)                                                                      serious


Blue Bell Creameries USA, Inc. (103,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Brenham, TX          16,200      Personal protective                             Serious
(123419905)         (8,625)      equipment; electrical


Boeing (The Boeing Co.; 1,287,941,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Defense and          83,225      Machinery and machine                           Repeat;
Space Group        (43,100)      guarding                                        serious
Ridley Park,
PA
(018253047)

Commercial           57,700      Standards of state-                             Serious
Aircraft Co.       (26,200)      operated program
Everett, WA
(115506081)#


Boise Cascade Corp. (400,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rumford, ME         984,900      Special industries;                             Egregious;
(103392247)*      (476,100)      electrical                                      willful;
                                                                                 serious

Rumford, ME         602,700      Occupational health                             Egregious;
(102753969)*      (273,900)      and environmental                               willful;
                                 control; hazardous                              repeat;
                                 materials                                       serious

Horseshoe            82,000      Materials handling and                          Serious
Bend, ID            (7,000)      storage
(110502895)

Rumford, ME          21,200      General duty clause;                            Serious
(109793901)         (9,200)      walking-working
                                 surfaces; machinery
                                 and machine guarding;
                                 electrical


Boston University (of Boston University Trustees; 7,667,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Boston, MA       18,925 (0)      All deleted
(109124131)


Bowman Apple Products Co., Inc. (148,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mt. Jackson,         35,850      Means of egress                                 Serious
VA                  (9,250)
(105754790)#


Brown & Root (Halliburton Co.; 302,113,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deer Park, TX        20,000      Process safety          1 worker died, 2        Serious
(123652505)         (5,000)      management; personal    workers were
                                 protective equipment    hospitalized, due to
                                                         gas exposure while
                                                         doing maintenance work
                                                         on a pipeline for this
                                                         special trades
                                                         contractor.


Browning-Ferris Industries, Inc. (5,623,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Corpus               18,700      Lockout/tagout                                  Serious
Christi, TX         (8,260)
(103579934)


Burns & Roe Services Corp. (Burns & Roe Enterprises, Inc.; 103,403,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Greenport, NY        25,500      Hazard communication                            Serious
(108664475)        (12,750)      standard


Burron Medical, Inc. (B. Braun Melsungen A.G.; 228,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Allentown, PA        52,850      Toxic and hazardous                             Serious
(123264145)        (28,650)      substances


C.H. Heist Corp. (534,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oregen, OH       30,000 (0)      All deleted
(110294584)


Campbell Soup Co. (12,053,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tecumseh, NE         52,000      Means of egress;                                Serious
(109323105)        (26,000)      lockout/tagout


Cargill Inc. (Tyson Foods, Inc.; 139,924,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Buena Vista,         15,300      Toxic and hazardous     1 worker was injured    Serious
GA                  (9,180)      substance; hazard       when he mixed together
(106514169)                      communication standard  unmarked chemicals
                                                         that subsequently
                                                         exploded. The worker
                                                         was cleaning at this
                                                         poultry processing
                                                         facility.


Center Core, Inc. (CenterCore Group; 7,575,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plainfield,          16,200      Recording and                                   Serious
NJ                  (9,720)      reporting
(113942155)


Centric Jones Construction (Centric Jones Co.; 15,041,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aurora, CO           16,650      General duty clause                             Serious
(100748813)         (6,250)


Century Concrete Services, Inc. (1,315,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Richmond, VA         21,000      Fall protection                                 Serious
(123658890)#        (8,875)


Certified Coatings (Certified Coatings of Cal; 260,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ogden, UT            29,125      Lead; construction                              Repeat;
(124620931)#       (13,250)                                                      serious


Chevron USA (Chevron Corp.; 250,851,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Port Arthur,         18,850      Bloodborne pathogens                            Serious
TX                  (6,100)
(123653255)


Children's Hospital Medical Center (170,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cincinnati,          21,250      Hazard communication                            Serious
OH                  (7,000)      standard
(102592094)


Chomerics, Inc. (Parker Hannifin Corp.; 1,117,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hudson, NH           18,000      Machinery and machine                           Serious
(108781717)         (9,125)      guarding


Chrysler Motors Corp., K (Chrysler Corp.; 314,074,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kenosha, WI         106,600      Machinery and machine                           Serious
(102347218)*       (27,553)      guarding; lockout/
                                 tagout


Cincinnati Milacron Resin Abrasion (Cincinnati Milacron, Inc.; 2,968,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Carlisle, PA         18,000      Machinery and machine                           Serious
(109025502)         (9,310)      guarding


Clean Harbors of Kingston, Inc. (Clean Harbors Environmental Services, Inc.; 456,000 in
contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Providence,         156,000      General duty clause     1 worker died because   Serious
RI                 (60,000)                              his co-workers were
(017945213)*                                             unable to retrieve him
                                                         from a tank containing
                                                         a chemical sludge when
                                                         his air supply ran
                                                         low. He was cleaning
                                                         the tank for this
                                                         facility that provides
                                                         refuse collection and
                                                         disposal services.


Cleveland Construction, Inc. (31,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cincinnati,          39,800      Electrical                                      Willful;
OH                 (10,000)                                                      serious
(103127585)


Colgate-Palmolive Co. (3,734,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kansas City,         15,300      Lockout/tagout;                                 Serious
KS                  (9,690)      electrical
(113820021)


ConAgra, Inc. (also owns Longmont Foods; 149,606,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Boiler Co.           15,000      Special industries                              Serious
Enterprise,        (12,500)
AL
(109246249)

Fresh Meats          35,550      Walking-working                                 Serious
Co.                (22,250)      surfaces
Omaha, NE
(109318873)


Consolidated Edison Co. of New York (21,053,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New York, NY         27,000      Occupational health                             Repeat
(107197816)        (20,250)      and environmental
                                 controls


Consolidated Grain and Barge Co. (C.G.B. Enterprises, Inc.; 4,865,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mount Vernon,        22,500      Marine terminals                                Repeat;
IN                 (10,625)                                                      serious
(107139784)


Cornell University Press (Cornell University; 7,764,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ithaca, NY           19,100      Walking-working                                 Serious
(113937304)        (11,000)      surfaces; means of
                                 egress; medical and
                                 first aid; materials
                                 handling and storage;
                                 hazard communication
                                 standard


Coyne Textile Services (Coyne International Enterprises Corp.; 257,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New Bedford,         15,000      Electrical                                      Serious
MA                  (4,000)
(109124958)


Crane & Co., Inc. (69,574,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pittsfield,          25,925      Machinery and machine                           Serious
MA                 (13,175)      guarding; special
(017830456)                      industries


Croman Corp. (4,336,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lumber               48,000      Lockout/tagout                                  Serious
Boise, ID           (2,500)
(018168146)


Crowley Maritime Corp. (27,991,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maritime             63,500      Occupational health                             Serious
Corp.              (40,500)      and environmental
Seattle, WA                      control
(109421685)

American             40,500      Marine terminals                                Repeat;
Transport,         (24,125)                                                      serious
Inc.
San Juan, PR
(106716145)


Crown American (Crown Holding Co.; 994,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Scranton, PA         15,300      Fall protection                                 Serious
(017623174)        (10,000)


Crown Central Petroleum Corp. (also owns La Gloria Oil & Gas Co.; 29,661,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pasadena, TX         30,000      Process safety                                  Serious
(123653081)        (12,500)      management; personal
                                 protective equipment


D.J. Manufacturing Corp. (5,373,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Caguas, PR           43,750      Machinery and machine                           Serious
(119466886)#       (22,750)      guarding; electrical


Dana Corp. (1,550,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Spicer Axle          41,400      Standards of state-                             Serious
Division           (19,800)      operated program;
Fort Wayne,                      machinery and machine
IN                               guarding
(115017410)#

Chasis Prod.         21,250      Hazard communication                            Serious
Oklahoma           (11,390)      standard
City, OK
(108736869)


Delco Electronics (See General Motors Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oak Creek, WI        35,125      Lockout/tagout
(103472049)         (6,000)


Dell Computer Corp. (4,163,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Austin, TX           20,700      Machinery and machine                           Serious
(123549917)        (10,350)      guarding

Austin, TX           16,200      Bloodborne pathogens;                           Serious
(123579559)         (8,100)      hazard communication
                                 standard


Detroit Diesel Corp. (Penske Corp.; 23,211,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Detroit, MI          19,500      Standards of state-                             Serious
(114811748)#        (9,750)      operated program


Diamond Shamrock Refining & Marketing (Diamond Shamrock, Inc.; 48,880,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Colorado             31,000      Construction;                                   Serious
Springs, CO        (22,500)      excavations
(109549055)


Dick Enterprises, Inc. (56,448,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shamokin, PA         35,500      Construction                                    Serious
(018227009)         (2,300)


Domermuth Petroleum Equipment & Maintenance (J. Myles Group, Inc.; 241,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
East                 18,400      General duty clause                             Willful;
Syracuse, NY        (8,940)                                                      serious
(100162056)


Donohoe Construction Companies (Donohoe Companies, Inc.; 11,662,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rockville, MD        21,375      Occupational health                             Serious
(119535847)#        (5,250)      and environmental
                                 controls


Dreadnought Marine, Inc. (15,272,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Norfolk, VA          15,125      Hazardous materials;                            Serious
(123673253)#        (6,325)      medical and first aid;
                                 machinery and machine
                                 guarding; portable
                                 powered tools and
                                 handheld equipment;
                                 welding, cutting, and
                                 brazing; electrical


Duncan-Smith, Inc. (70,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Charleston,          19,350      General safety and      1 worker drowned when   Serious
SC                 (12,578)      health provisions;      he jumped off a barge,
(017419631)                      personal protective     without a life
                                 and lifesaving          preserver, because he
                                 equipment; materials    was frightened when it
                                 handling, storage,      began to rock back and
                                 use, and disposal;      forth. The rocking
                                 cranes, derricks,       action started when a
                                 hoists, elevators, and  sling broke as workers
                                 conveyors; motor        were pulling pilings
                                 vehicles, mechanized    out of the channel for
                                 equipment, and marine   this demolition or
                                 operations              wrecking company.


Dunlop Tire Corp. (Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd.; 26,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Huntsville,          25,000      Machinery and machine   1 worker, at this       Serious
AL                  (7,000)      guarding                facility which
(108955618)                                              produces tires, died
                                                         when he placed fabric
                                                         on a rotating
                                                         cylinder, got caught
                                                         in the machine, and
                                                         asphyxiated after
                                                         being wound up inside
                                                         the fabric.


Duro Bag Manufacturing Co. (118,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Walton, KY           38,000      Machinery and machine                           Repeat;
(124595901)#       (20,000)      guarding                                        serious


Dynalectric (Emcor Group, Inc.; 3,968,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Perryville,      22,500 (0)      All deleted
MD
(102480233)


Dyncorp-Fort Belvoir Division (Dyncorp; 672,931,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fort Belvoir,        20,250      Lockout/tagout                                  Serious
VA                 (10,125)
(017968827)


E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. (38,484,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Niagara              44,700      Recording and                                   Willful;
Falls, NY           (8,400)      reporting                                       serious
(017816026)


E.T. Lafore, Inc. (7,978,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Denver, CO           47,100      Excavations                                     Serious
(100744580)        (30,000)


Eastern Trans-Waste of Maryland (2,718,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Washington,          12,000      Excavations                                     Serious
DC                  (3,000)
(117940098)


Eaton Corp. (95,934,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Marion, OH           16,575      Confined space;\e                               Serious
(106127541)         (8,050)      lockout/tagout


Eltech Systems Corp., Electrode (Eltech Systems Corp.; 223,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chardon, OH          25,650      Confined space                                  Serious
(103544557)        (13,230)


Emco, Inc. (Mid-South Industries, Inc.; 5,666,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gadsden, AL          33,375      Occupational health                             Serious
(109192997)        (30,000)      and environmental
                                 control


Empire Kosher Poultry, Inc. (75,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mifflintown,         25,000      Machinery and machine                           Repeat
PA                 (12,500)      guarding
(102699568)


Ethicon, Inc. (Johnson & Johnson; 9,658,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
San Angelo,          54,150      Lockout/tagout;                                 Serious
TX                 (29,775)      medical and first aid;
(123542706)                      machinery and machine
                                 guarding; bloodborne
                                 pathogens; hazard
                                 communication standard


Exide Corp. (1,092,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Salina, KS           23,000      Electrical              1 worker died from      Serious
(103163317)        (13,500)                              electric shock while
                                                         checking fuses for
                                                         this facility which
                                                         manufactures storage
                                                         batteries.


Exide Electronics Corp. (Exide Electronics Group, Inc.; 68,866,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Raleigh, NC          56,000      Electrical; lockout/    1 worker was            Repeat;
(111091807)#       (56,000)      tagout                  hospitalized, at this   serious
                                                         company which produces
                                                         transformers, due to
                                                         electric shock while
                                                         cleaning consoles with
                                                         liquid cleaners. The
                                                         consoles were not
                                                         disconnected from the
                                                         power supply.


Exxon Oil Co. (Exxon Corp.; 532,123,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Baytown, TX          15,300      Means of egress;
(109459339)         (7,550)      machinery and machine
                                 guarding


F & B Manufacturing Co. (127,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gurnee, IL           52,000      Hazardous materials;                            Serious
(102987740)        (14,200)      machinery and machine
                                 guarding


Federal Paper Board Co. (176,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Riegelwood,          34,500      Special industries                              Willful;
NC                 (17,250)                                                      serious
(018518670)#

Riegelwood,         147,000      Special industries;     1 worker died from      Serious
NC                  (7,500)      standard of state-      electric shock, at
(018518688)*#                    operated program        this pulp and paper
                                                         mill, when a boiler
                                                         precipitator within
                                                         the power plant was
                                                         not deenergized before
                                                         he entered a confined
                                                         space to work on it.


Fletcher Pacific Construction (Fletcher Challenge, Ltd.; 29,300,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Honolulu, HI     74,600 (0)      All deleted
(120659362)#


F.M.C. Corp., Wellhead Equipment Division (F.M.C. Corp.; 494,377,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Houston, TX          24,225      Machinery and machine                           Serious
(123553224)        (11,750)      guarding


Ford Motor Co. (44,130,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hazelwood, MO       333,000      Welding, cutting, and                           Serious
(106547508)*       (44,825)      brazing; electrical

Lorain, OH           19,500      Walking-working                                 Repeat;
(106123748)        (11,500)      surfaces                                        serious


The Foxboro Co. (Siebe PLC; 21,094,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Foxboro, MA          60,000      Occupational health     1 worker died when
(107541567)        (60,000)      and environmental       splashed by hydrogen
                                 control; hazard         fluoride while he was
                                 communication standard  manually dispensing
                                                         the chemical from the
                                                         bottom of drum. This
                                                         company produces
                                                         measuring and
                                                         controlling devices.


Frito-Lay, Inc. (Pepsico, Inc.; 18,720,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Allen Park,          20,400      Standards of state-     1 worker was burned     Serious
MI                 (10,200)      operated program        while using a high-
(110801305)#                                             pressure steam hot
                                                         water hose while
                                                         cleaning the potato
                                                         peeler equipment at
                                                         this food preparation
                                                         facility.

Dayville, CT         21,500      Walking-working         1 worker died, at this  Serious
(109826248)        (11,000)      surfaces                facility which
                                                         produces snack foods,
                                                         when his neck was
                                                         crushed while making
                                                         adjustments to the
                                                         waste conveyor system.
                                                         He was working alone
                                                         at this wastewater
                                                         treatment plant.

Granite City,    19,200 (0)      All deleted
IL
(103278982)


Fru-Con (Bilfinger & Berger; 18,001,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grant Town,          90,500      Excavations                                     Repeat;
WV                 (42,000)                                                      serious
(100595354)


Fruehauf Trailer Corp. (3,336,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
St. Louis, MO        58,850      Hazard communication                            Repeat;
(116102088)        (18,950)      standard                                        serious


Fruit of the Loom, Inc. (414,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lexington, SC        15,375      Hazardous materials;                            Serious
(120477351)#        (6,150)      machinery and machine
                                 guarding


Gary's Grading and Pipeline Co. (160,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lawrenceville        28,350      Excavations             1 worker was injured    Serious
, GA               (13,000)                              when a wall of an
(106514367)                                              unshored trench
                                                         collapsed. He was
                                                         trying to install a
                                                         saddle tap for this
                                                         pipeline and grading
                                                         company.


Gayston Corp. (621,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Springboro,          15,000      Hazardous materials                             Serious
OH                  (5,000)
(103385290)


General Electric Co. (8,710,060,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Springfield,         42,500      Personal protective                             Serious
MO                 (13,125)      equipment
(110466034)


General Motors Corp. (also owns Delco Electronics; 2,386,810,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOC Lordstown        27,700      Personal protective                             Repeat;
Lordstown, OH      (15,000)      equipment                                       serious
(103217881)

BOC Lordstown        30,000      Electrical                                      Serious
Lordstown, OH       (7,500)
(108836552)

Trucks              133,500      Hazardous materials                             Willful;
Moraine, OH        (66,400)                                                      serious
(103376422)*

CPC Group            15,000      Hazardous materials;                            Serious
Oklahoma            (6,250)      machinery and machine
City, OK                         guarding
(108743253)


Georgia-Pacific Corp. (2,796,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Brunswick, GA        19,000      Personal protective                             Serious
(109006700)        (12,664)      equipment

Brunswick, GA        45,000      Special industries;                             Serious
(109006981)        (22,331)      electrical

Palatka, FL          15,300      Fire protection;                                Serious
(110133816)        (10,125)      special industries;
                                 electrical

Mount Wolf,          16,125      Machinery and machine                           Serious
PA                  (8,065)      guarding
(109029520)

Cedar                32,000      Special industries                              Repeat;
Springs, GA        (19,500)                                                      serious
(106213911)


Gold Kist, Inc. By Products (Gold Kist, Inc.; 27,202,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ball Ground,         16,100      Machinery and machine                           Serious
GA                 (10,600)      guarding
(106514383)


Goodyear Tire/Rubber Co. (Shell Co.; 48,462,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Apple Grove,         22,950      Construction                                    Serious
WV                  (6,026)
(100781483)


Goulds Pumps, Inc. (154,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Slurry Pump          45,000      Personal protection                             Serious
Ashland, PA        (27,000)      equipment; lockout/
(106464829)                      tagout; machinery and
                                 machine guarding


Granite Construction Co. (33,293,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rockwall, TX         26,550      Electrical; general     1 worker died when a    Serious
(103556791)         (6,000)      safety and health       reinforced concrete
                                 provisions              panel fell on him
                                                         while he was unloading
                                                         a semitruck
                                                         transporting these
                                                         panels to a highway
                                                         construction site.


Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Co. (Blackstone Dredging Partners; 63,949,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Baltimore, MD        18,900      Shipyards                                       Serious
(102480217)         (9,450)


Great Plains Coca Cola Bottling Co. (945,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oklahoma             17,250      Machinery and machine                           Serious
City, OK            (2,700)      guarding
(108740200)


Grove North American, Division of Kidde Industries, Inc. (Hanson PLC; 25,444,000 in
contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shady Grove,         16,575      Machinery and machine                           Serious
PA                 (11,120)      guarding
(123177453)


The Gunver Manufacturing Co. (5,077,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Manchester,          15,050      Hazardous materials                             Serious;
CT                 (15,050)                                                      failed to
(109829119)                                                                      abate
                                                                                 hazard


Handy & Harman (1,415,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Attleboro, MA        18,750      Lockout/tagout;                                 Serious
(109130294)         (9,375)      machinery and machine
                                 guarding


Hardaway Co., Inc. (Because contract was terminated or modified, net obligations for fiscal
year 1994 are 0 or less.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
St.                  15,000      Commercial diving                               Serious
Petersburg,         (4,000)      operations
FL
(109607689)


Harsco Corp., IKG Division (13,338,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Carlisle, OH         18,000      Machinery and machine                           Serious
(103385464)        (11,175)      guarding


Harvard Industries Hayes Albio (F.E.L. Corp.; 18,958,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bryan, OH            30,000      Machinery and machine                           Repeat;
(122085277)        (30,000)      guarding                                        serious


Hawaii Electric Light Co. (Hawaii Electric Industries; 18,599,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hilo, HI             22,500      Standard of state-      1 worker died from      Serious
(103885844)#        (9,000)      operated program        electric shock when
                                                         disassembling a test
                                                         transformer. The
                                                         safety indicator was
                                                         inoperable so he did
                                                         not realize that the
                                                         transformer was still
                                                         energized.


Hawaii Stevedores, Inc. (85,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Honolulu, HI         25,000      Materials handling and  1 worker was killed     Serious
(110635059)        (15,000)      storage                 when a forklift ran
                                                         into him as he was
                                                         directing another
                                                         driver into position
                                                         to load and unload
                                                         goods on a pier for
                                                         this marine cargo
                                                         handling company.


Heat Transfer Systems, Inc. (52,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
St. Louis, MO        16,250      Confined space;                                 Serious
(106546963)         (6,000)      lockout/tagout;
                                 machinery and machine
                                 guarding


Henkels and McCoy, Inc. (2,752,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Conshohocken,        20,000      Construction                                    Serious
PA                  (9,000)
(017871906)


Homer Laughlin China Co. (173,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Newell, WV           17,500      Bloodborne pathogens                            Willful
(101179000)         (9,000)


Houck Services, Inc. (6,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Harrisburg,          17,850      Construction                                    Serious
PA                  (7,500)
(123176414)


Hunter Corp. (38,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chesterton,          37,500      Standard of state-                              Serious
IN                 (18,700)      operated program;
(124059148)#                     construction


Hussman Corp. (Whitman Corp.; 3,309,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bridgeton, MO        15,000      Machinery and machine                           Serious
(106540446)         (5,600)      guarding


I.A. Construction Corp. (Colas; 25,795,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Philadelphia,        19,350      Construction                                    Serious
PA                  (7,550)
(102845575)


I.B.P., Inc. (47,059,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Waterloo, IA         23,000      Means of egress;                                Serious
(115062556)#        (7,500)      hazardous materials


I.C.I. America (Imperial Americas, which also owns Zeneca Resins; 16,136,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tamaqua, PA          19,500      Hazardous materials                             Serious
(106472160)         (6,925)


Idaho Pacific Corp. (32,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ririe, ID            23,100      Personal protective                             Serious
(107234965)        (11,550)      equipment; hazard
                                 communication standard


Indiana Michigan Power (American Electric Power Co.; 206,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rockport, IN         27,500      Standards of state-                             Serious
(123970188)#       (10,000)      operated program


Inland Steel Co. (Inland Steel Industries; 599,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
East Chicago,        59,000      Standard of state-      2 workers were killed   Serious
IN                 (30,725)      operated program;       when trapped in a fire
(115036386)#                     hazardous materials;    which erupted at this
                                 means of egress         coke-making facility.
                                                         Their supervisor
                                                         killed himself several
                                                         days later.


International Paper Co. (23,847,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Moss Point,          20,500      Hazard communication                            Repeat;
MS                 (10,000)      standard                                        serious
(101391787)

Natchez, MS          37,500      Recording and                                   Repeat;
(107089484)        (18,000)      reporting                                       serious

Jay, ME             319,620      Special industries                              Willful;
(018058123)*      (319,620)                                                      repeat;
                                                                                 serious

Moss Point,         782,500      Special industries                              Repeat;
MS                (372,000)                                                      serious
(101390235)*

Natchez, MS         482,000      General duty clause                             Repeat;
(102677952)*      (240,000)                                                      serious

Cordele, GA          15,000      Confined space          1 worker died when he   Serious
(106441108)         (5,000)                              entered a drum to
                                                         replace a faulty piece
                                                         of equipment at this
                                                         wood products
                                                         facility. The drum,
                                                         which was not
                                                         deenergized or locked
                                                         out, was inadvertently
                                                         activated and the
                                                         worker fell 14 feet
                                                         into the conveyor
                                                         system.


J & J Maintenance, Inc. (19,666,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Norfolk, VA          15,375      Walking-working                                 Serious
(017704875)         (9,225)      surfaces


J.H. Baxter Facility (J.H. Baxter & Co., a Ltd. California Partnership; 327,000 in
contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Long Beach,          16,630      Standards of state-                             Serious
CA                  (2,510)      operated program
(112086327)#


Joe E. Woods, Inc. (844,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
San Carlos,          40,225      Excavations                                     Serious
AZ                 (10,000)
(102317195)


John Crane, Inc. (T.I. Group PLC; 18,037,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Morton Grove,        33,200      Hazard communication                            Repeat;
IL                 (16,100)      standard                                        serious
(102991825)


Judds Brothers Construction Co. (292,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ashland, NE          84,000      Excavations
(109317917)        (18,000)


Keebler Co. (United Biscuits Holdings PLC; 4,167,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grand Rapids,        16,100      Standards of state-     2 workers fractured a   Repeat;
MI                  (4,640)      operated program;       forearm and a finger,   serious
(114801988)#                     lockout/tagout          respectively, while
                                                         cleaning conveyors at
                                                         this facility that
                                                         makes cookies and
                                                         crackers.


Klosterman Baking Co. (96,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cincinnati,          35,000      Special industries                              Serious
OH                  (9,000)
(103032751)


Kohler Co., Mill Division (936,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kohler, WI        1,404,300      Recording and                                   Willful;
(103077707)*       (35,730)      reporting                                       serious


Konica Imaging U.S.A., Inc. (Konica Corp.; 7,312,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Glen Cove, NY        53,100      Toxic and hazardous                             Serious
(113921183)        (16,792)      substances; hazard
                                 communication standard


Kostmayer Construction Co. (547,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New Orleans,         27,000      Construction;                                   Serious
LA                 (13,500)      occupational health
(107634032)                      and environmental
                                 controls


Kraft Food Service, Inc. (Alliant Food Services; 80,005,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Englewood, CO        23,350      Lockout/tagout                                  Serious
(109547000)        (12,200)


Krueger International (60,694,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Green Bay, WI        17,500      Machinery and machine                           Serious
(103520318)         (6,600)      guarding


La Gloria Oil & Gas Co. (See Crown Central Petroleum Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tyler, TX            53,250      Walking-working                                 Serious
(103564449)        (20,000)      surfaces; hazardous
                                 materials; personal
                                 protective equipment;
                                 medical and first aid;
                                 materials handling and
                                 storage; machinery and
                                 machine guarding;
                                 electrical

Tyler, TX            15,000      Toxic and hazardous                             Serious
(107555567)         (3,500)      substances


Lady Baltimore Foods, Inc. (38,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kansas City,         33,300      Lockout/tagout                                  Serious
KS                 (11,600)
(113821532)


Lakeside Care Center, Unicare (Crownex, Inc.; 2,183,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lubbock, TX          25,500      Bloodborne pathogens                            Serious
(107410565)         (2,025)


Lambda Electronics, Inc. (Unitech, PLC; 1,075,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
McAllen, TX          26,200      Lockout/tagout                                  Serious
(107431975)         (8,249)


Lauhoff Grain Co. (Bunge Corp.; 61,486,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Danville, IL         39,500      General duty clause     1 worker died and       Serious
(103304135)        (11,750)                              another was
                                                         hospitalized when
                                                         cleaning a grain bin
                                                         for this grain mill
                                                         products company. Both
                                                         workers were drawn
                                                         down into the grain
                                                         bin, and the first
                                                         suffocated.


Lockheed (Lockheed-Martin Corp.; 7,043,395,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aeronautical      1,495,560      Personal protective                             Violations
Systems         (1,495,560)      equipment; asbestos                             were
Burbank, CA                                                                      changed to
(001874445)*                                                                     unclassifi
                                                                                 ed by an
                                                                                 administra
                                                                                 tive law
                                                                                 judge's
                                                                                 decision.

Engineering &        30,000      Process safety                                  Serious
Science            (22,500)      management
Houston, TX
(123652711)


Longmont Foods (See ConAgra, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Longmont, CO         21,000      Hazard communication                            Repeat;
(100747476)        (15,750)      standard                                        serious


Lufkin Industries, Inc. (5,724,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lufkin, TX           15,750      Hazardous materials                             Serious
(123565210)         (7,475)


M & K Electrical Co., Inc. (3,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pittsburgh,          21,000      Electrical; general     1 worker died from      Serious
PA                 (11,000)      safety and health       electric shock while
(108755588)                      provisions; power       removing a compactor
                                 transmission and        from between two
                                 distribution            energized conductors
                                                         and inadvertantly
                                                         coming into contact
                                                         with an energized
                                                         line.


M.R. Dillard Construction Co. (1,673,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loretto, TN          64,800      Excavations                                     Serious
(114512635)#       (12,000)


Marine Hydraulics International (Marine Hydraulics, Inc.; 16,018,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Norfolk, VA          20,000      Shipyards                                       Repeat;
(102899580)        (10,140)                                                      serious


Marley Cooling Tower Co., Inc. (United Dominion Industries, Ltd.; 1,907,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Needville, TX        21,000      Hazardous materials;                            Serious
(123650103)         (5,440)      personal protective
                                 equipment; bloodborne
                                 pathogens; hazard
                                 communication standard


Marriott Corp. (Host Marriott Corp.; 2,128,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Troy, OH             24,000      Personal protective                             Serious
(103275814)        (12,000)      equipment


Mason Technologies, Inc. (The Mason Co.-Del; 282,424,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ceiba, PR            19,125      Hazardous materials                             Serious
(106716202)      (9,562.50)


Medical Laboratory Automation (36,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pleasantville        16,950      Recording and                                   Serious
, NY               (11,865)      reporting
(110603289)


Medline Industries, Inc. (1,190,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mundelein, IL        27,675      Machinery and machine                           Serious
(103594396)        (15,000)      guarding


Meinecke-Johnson Co. (6,975,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fargo, ND            21,500      Construction                                    Willful;
(107119075)        (10,750)                                                      repeat


Metric Constructors (Philipp Holzman AG; 36,452,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Estill, SC           20,800      Excavations                                     Serious
(018112284)         (9,200)


Misener Marine Construction, Inc. (Interbain; 9,460,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ft. Myers, FL        25,550      Construction                                    Serious
(109711606)         (7,200)


Montgomery Elevator (Kone Holding, Inc.; 5,930,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tampa, FL            55,000      Electrical                                      Repeat;
(106491350)        (14,500)                                                      serious

Winfield, KS         18,000      Means of egress;                                Serious
(103164935)        (10,000)      lockout/tagout;
                                 medical and first aid;
                                 bloodborne pathogens


Moon Engineering Co., Inc. (7,281,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Portsmouth,          20,300      Machinery and machine                           Serious
VA                 (10,150)      guarding
(102899499)


Morrison-Knudsen Corp., Inc. (221,024,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yonkers,             70,000      Personal protective                             Serious
NY                (175,000)      equipment;
(017651407)                      construction;
                                 occupational health
                                 and environmental
                                 controls


Mosler, Inc. (Kelso Investment Assoc. IV LP; 1,465,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hamilton, OH         37,000      Lockout/tagout                                  Repeat;
(103275830)        (21,000)                                                      serious


M.S.E. Corp. (1,089,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indianapolis,        33,600      Excavations                                     Serious
IN                 (20,285)
(115006017)#


National Beef Packing Co. LP (15,177,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Liberal, KS         908,600      Means of egress;                                Willful;
(106629884)*      (483,500)      machinery and machine                           repeat;
                                 guarding                                        serious


National Fruit Produce Co., Inc. (535,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Winchester,         104,500      Means of egress                                 Repeat;
VA                 (49,125)                                                      serious
(112376587)*#


National Health Laboratories (National Health Labs Holdings; 794,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Uniondale, NY       123,000      Toxic and hazardous                             Repeat;
(107355133)*       (75,000)      substances                                      serious


Neosho Construction (Neosho, Inc.; 6,061,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Riverside, CA        80,100      Standards of state-     1 worker was            Serious
(119959757)#        (9,500)      operated program        hospitalized for head
                                                         injuries when he fell
                                                         10 feet onto a
                                                         concrete floor while
                                                         working on reinforcing
                                                         a railroad
                                                         undercrossing.


New York Telephone Co. (NYNEX Corp.; 5,822,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New York, NY         16,995      Fire protection                                 Serious
(108946708)         (3,000)


Northern Indiana Pacific Service (NIPSCO Industries, Inc.; 770,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
South Bend,          22,000      Electrical                                      Serious;
IN                 (14,250)                                                      repeat
(115002420)#


Northwest Enviro Service, Inc. (6,803,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Seattle, WA          22,275      Standard of state-                              Repeat;
(111284170)#       (10,000)      operated program                                serious


Novinger Group, Inc. (58,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Harrisburg,          17,800      Electrical              1 worker died of        Repeat;
PA                  (9,000)                              electric shock when,    serious
(109018937)                                              for this plastering
                                                         and drywall company,
                                                         he mistakenly cut into
                                                         electric wiring.


Olin Corp. (346,133,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
East Alton,          33,750      Hazardous materials;                            Serious
IL                 (11,250)      lockout/tagout
(103279196)


Packaging Corp. of America (Tenneco Packaging, Inc.; 504,686,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Griffith, IN         16,500      Confined space                                  Serious
(124068792)#        (5,000)

Tama, IA             15,000      Machinery and machine                           Serious
(115064248)#        (4,700)      guarding


P.C.L.-Harbert, Joint Venture (P.C.L. Enterprises; 216,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Denver, CO           32,500      Construction                                    Serious
(100748110)        (12,310)


Peace Industries, Ltd. (326,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rolling              15,750      Lockout/tagout                                  Serious
Meadows, IL        (11,500)
(103592515)


Pennsylvania Power & Light Co. (Pennsylvania Power & Light Resources, Inc.; 4,863,000 in
contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Williamsport,        21,000      General duty clause;    1 worker died of        Serious
PA                 (21,000)      power transmission and  electric shock when
(109361659)                      distribution            installing underground
                                                         electrical conductors
                                                         in a new development.
                                                         He attempted to
                                                         connect a line he
                                                         mistakenly thought was
                                                         deenergized.


Penrose Hospital (Sisters of Charity Health Care; 232,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Colorado             51,750      Bloodborne pathogens                            Serious
Springs, CO        (38,813)
(109544643)


Perini Corp. (54,952,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New York, NY         94,000      Fall protection                                 Willful;
(106183445)        (31,500)                                                      repeat;
                                                                                 serious


Piquniq Management Corp. (36,597,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kodiak, AK           78,750      Standards of state-                             Serious
(108542259)#       (33,750)      operated program


Pizzagalli Construction, Inc. (Because contract was terminated or modified, net obligations
for fiscal year 1994 are 0 or less.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hanover, NH          21,675      Electrical
(100856921)         (9,500)


PMX Industries, Inc. (13,268,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cedar Rapids,        40,000      Fire protection         6 workers were          Serious
IA                 (10,700)                              hospitalized from
(115054066)#                                             smoke inhalation as a
                                                         result of fighting a
                                                         fire. Hydraulic oil
                                                         caught fire at this
                                                         metal smelting and
                                                         refining plant.


Professional Ambulance Service (American Medical Response; 712,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Atlantic             15,750      Bloodborne pathogens                            Serious
City, NJ           (15,750)
(113960538)


P.S.I. Energy-Gibson Generating (Cinergy Corp.; 4,650,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Owensville,          15,000      Standard of state-      2 workers were          Serious
IN                  (5,620)      operated program;       hospitalized due to
(108563958)#                     personal protective     burns. 20 workers were
                                 equipment               injured, although not
                                                         hospitalized, as a
                                                         result of smoke
                                                         inhalation and cuts
                                                         and bruises from
                                                         falling debris. These
                                                         workers were trying to
                                                         fight the fire from a
                                                         coal hopper explosion
                                                         at this electrical
                                                         services facility.


Public Service Co. of Colorado (17,015,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pueblo, CO           37,850      Personal protective
(110534286)        (28,000)      equipment


Pulse Electronics, Inc. (149,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rockville, MD        16,575      Lockout/tagout                                  Serious
(119588481)#        (6,630)


Purina Mills, Inc. (P.M. Holdings Corp.; 99,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Macon, GA            18,000      Walking-working                                 Serious
(106513559)        (12,000)      surfaces; electrical

Oklahoma             35,000      Lockout/tagout          1 worker died when he   Willful
City, OK            (5,000)                              got caught in a bag-
(108742081)                                              stacker machine while
                                                         trying to free a
                                                         jammed pallet without
                                                         turning off the power.
                                                         He inadvertantly hit a
                                                         switch, causing the
                                                         machine to recycle at
                                                         this animal feed
                                                         manufacturing
                                                         facility.

Liberal, KS          22,950      Walking-working                                 Serious
(103164372)     (13,162.50)      surfaces; electrical


Radiation Systems, Inc.-Univer (Comsat Corp. RSI; 40,787,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Green Bank,          23,000      Cranes, derricks,       1 worked died when he   Serious
WV                 (11,500)      hoists, elevators, and  fell 120 feet from a
(101174506)                      conveyors               platform that hit an
                                                         object and tipped to
                                                         the side as it was
                                                         being lowered. This
                                                         worker and 3 others on
                                                         the platform were not
                                                         tied off. This company
                                                         is a special trade
                                                         contractor in the
                                                         construction industry.


Ralston Purina Co. (7,388,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Clinton, IA          49,050      Standards of state-                             Serious
(115066870)#        (8,700)      operated program


Redondo Construction Corp. (8,799,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mayaguez, PR         18,275      Construction                                    Repeat;
(119487999)#        (7,310)                                                      serious


Reed & Reed, Inc. (1,359,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Saint                28,000      Construction
Francis, ME         (4,000)
(102748233)


Rehrig International, Inc. (28,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Richmond, VA         22,550      Machinery and machine                           Serious
(123656555)#        (9,020)      guarding


Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (5,656,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Troy, NY             62,500      Toxic and hazardous                             Repeat
(108655804)         (8,000)      substances


Reynolds & Reynolds Co. (1,402,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Edison, NJ           19,800      Means of egress                                 Serious
(002119352)        (12,000)


Rhone Poulenc Basic Chemical (Rhone-Poulenc, Inc.; 10,693,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Martinez, CA        195,165      Standards of state-                             Serious
(111995379)*#      (57,485)      operated program

Martinez, CA        365,875      Standards of state-     1 worker died and       Willful;
(111996526)*#      (64,250)      operated program        another was             serious
                                                         hospitalized due to
                                                         chemical burns when
                                                         they mistakenly
                                                         extracted a valve,
                                                         releasing 80,000
                                                         gallons of acid sludge
                                                         from a storage tank,
                                                         at this industrial
                                                         chemicals facility.


Rich Industries, Inc. (90,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New                  31,500      Electrical; lockout/    1 worker died from      Serious
Philadelphia,      (12,800)      tagout                  electric shock when he
OH                                                       reached into a press
(103040234)                                              to do maintenance work
                                                         and came into contact
                                                         with a live electrical
                                                         part. This facility
                                                         manufactures
                                                         protective clothing
                                                         for the nuclear
                                                         industry.


Richard F. Kline, Inc. (24,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cockeysville,        51,775      Construction                                    Serious
MD                  (4,100)
(119586360)#


R.M.I. Co. (R.M.I. Titanium Co.; 7,577,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Niles, OH            36,180      Walking-working                                 Repeat;
(105924922)        (18,452)      surfaces                                        serious


Roadway Express, Inc. (1,900,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chicago              17,425      Hazardous materials                             Serious
Heights, IL         (7,600)
(101313252)

Oakville, CT         32,850      Hazardous materials                             Serious
(109828079)         (9,900)


The Roof Doctor, Inc. (Because contract was terminated or modified, net obligations for
fiscal year 1994 are 0 or less.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Olympia, WA          23,290      Standards of state-                             Willful;
(111459855)#        (8,290)      operated program                                repeat


Rosenburg Forest Products (446,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weed, CA             75,000      Standards of state-                             Serious
(111909560)#       (10,000)      operated program


Roto-Rooter Services Co. (Roto-Rooter, Inc.; 1,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Baltimore, MD        30,250      Excavations                                     Serious
(119559649)#        (4,525)


Salvation Army (5,714,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rockford, IL         28,800      Means of egress; fire                           Serious
(122098684)         (2,880)      protection; machinery
                                 and machine guarding;
                                 electrical

Rockford, IL         22,500      Personal protective                             Repeat;
(122108004)         (1,000)      equipment; hazard                               serious
                                 communication standard


Schuck and Sons Construction Co., Inc. (49,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indio, CA            56,125      Standards of state-     1 worker was            Serious
(112057690)#        (1,075)      operated program        hospitalized when he
                                                         fell while working on
                                                         a frame house for this
                                                         company that builds
                                                         residential buildings.
                                                         The worker was leaning
                                                         out from a 9-foot
                                                         height while
                                                         attempting to cut a
                                                         roof joist when he
                                                         slipped and fell to
                                                         the cement porch
                                                         below.


Sciaba Construction Corp. (267,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shelburne            18,200      Construction                                    Repeat;
Falls, MA           (7,280)                                                      serious
(017826439)


Scott Paper Co. (Kimberly-Clark; 2,875,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chester, PA          36,750      Lockout/tagout                                  Serious
(102845120)        (27,575)


Sears (Sears Roebuck & Co.; 10,497,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Auto Center          67,000      General duty clause                             Serious
Toledo, OH         (58,600)
(110274198)

Automotive           16,500      Hazard communication                            Serious
Center              (4,900)      standard
Toms River,
NJ
(108665050)

Roebuck & Co.        23,500      Materials handling and                          Repeat;
Iowa City, IA       (7,000)      storage                                         serious
(115054561)#

Roebuck & Co.        36,900      Occupational health                             Serious
Automotive         (15,500)      and environmental
Springfield,                     control
MA
(017828617)


Sermetech International, Inc. (Teleflex, Inc.; 11,529,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sugar Land,          18,750      Hazardous materials                             Serious
TX               (8,437.50)
(123652174)


Shasta Industries, Inc. (79,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phoenix, AZ          71,000      Electrical;             1 worker died from      Willful;
(115562290)#       (29,500)      occupational health     burns when trying to    serious
                                 and environmental       use acetone to remove
                                 controls                standing water in a
                                                         swimming pool for
                                                         which he was preparing
                                                         a fiberglass interior
                                                         surface. The acetone
                                                         vapors in the pool
                                                         were ignited when he
                                                         switched on a vacuum.
                                                         The company is a
                                                         special trade
                                                         contractor.


Shelby Williams Industries, Inc. (401,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Morristown,          60,000      Hazardous materials                             Repeat;
TN                  (9,200)                                                      serious
(114488984)#


Shell Oil Co. (351,290,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deer Park, TX        44,675      Process safety          1 worker died and 2     Serious
(123652513)        (10,000)      management; personal    were hospitalized from
                                 protective equipment    exposure to gas when
                                                         one of them opened the
                                                         flange of a pipeline
                                                         while they were doing
                                                         maintenance work at
                                                         this petroleum
                                                         refining facility.

Wood River          155,000      General duty clause                             Serious
Roxana, IL        (155,000)
(106552771)*


Shirley Contracting Corp. (3,989,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Washington,          21,000      Excavations                                     Serious
DC                  (8,000)
(123503294)


Siemens Energy & Automation (Siemens; 47,791,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Urbana, OH           60,000      Machinery and machine                           Serious
(103030086)        (21,500)      guarding


Signature Flight Support Corp. (14,535,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chicago, IL          18,500      Materials handling and  1 worker died when      Serious
(103586947)        (10,200)      storage                 inflating a tire on a
                                                         baggage trailer that
                                                         transports luggage to
                                                         and from the aircraft.
                                                         The tube exploded and
                                                         the rim struck the
                                                         employee in the face,
                                                         causing massive head
                                                         injuries. The company
                                                         provides airport
                                                         terminal services.


Smith & Nephew Dyonics (Smith & Nephew PLC; 589,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Andover, MA          15,375      Hazardous materials                             Serious
(109622332)         (7,688)


Smith & Wesson Co. (Tompkins Industries; 3,817,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Springfield,         22,750      Machinery and machine                           Serious
MA                 (11,375)      guarding; electrical
(102766664)


The Smithfield Packing Co. (Smithfield Foods, Inc.; 2,975,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Landover, MD         22,500      Electrical
(119587681)#        (7,800)


Snyder General Corp. (McQuay International; 557,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Verona, VA           19,975      Materials handling and                          Serious
(123702128)#       (11,225)      storage


Spearin Preston & Burrows, Inc. (51,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New York, NY         17,500      Construction                                    Serious
(017777251)         (2,500)


S.S.I. Food Services, Inc. (Simplot J.R. Co.; 26,736,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wilder, ID          107,000      Lockout/tagout                                  Repeat;
(110516986)*       (43,000)                                                      serious


Stambaugh's Air Service, Inc. (12,883,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Middletown,          18,000      Materials handling and  1 worker died and       Serious
PA                 (12,900)      storage                 another was
(109028738)                                              hospitalized when
                                                         trying to remove an
                                                         engine from an
                                                         aircraft. The 4,000-
                                                         pound engine dropped
                                                         on the chest of the
                                                         first worker when the
                                                         front chain of the
                                                         mechanism used to
                                                         remove the engine
                                                         broke. The other
                                                         worker was struck in
                                                         the head by the
                                                         mechanism itself.


Stevedoring (Cooper/T Smith Stevedoring, Inc.; 10,299,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Services of          18,000      Materials handling and                          Serious
America             (9,000)      storage
Savannah, GA
(106219967)

Port Cooper          16,900      Longshoring; hazardous                          Serious
Houston, TX         (8,450)      materials
(123653958)


Stone Container Corp. (3,214,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Frenchtown,          65,500      Fire protection                                 Repeat;
MT                 (60,000)                                                      serious
(100568815)

Frenchtown,          75,000      Hazardous materials                             Serious
MT                 (41,500)
(107214314)

Jacksonville,        45,000      Walking-working                                 Repeat;
AR                 (30,000)      surfaces; electrical                            serious
(107605776)

Columbia, SC         28,375      Confined space                                  Serious
(120493994)#        (9,350)

Jacksonville,        40,000      Recording and                                   Repeat
AR                  (3,000)      reporting
(110360427)


Stonhard Maufacturing Co., Inc. (R.P.M., Inc.; 473,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maple Shade,         17,625      Lockout/tagout                                  Serious
NJ                  (9,300)
(106741531)


Sun Chemical Corp. (Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.; 552,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cincinnati,          22,500      Walking-working                                 Repeat;
OH                  (7,000)      surfaces                                        serious
(103231833)

Cincinnati,          15,500      Walking-working                                 Serious
OH                  (7,000)      surfaces
(103273041)


Supreme Corp. (Supreme Industries, Inc.; 58,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Goshen, IN           39,700      Machinery and machine                           Repeat;
(108646167)#       (13,850)      guarding                                        serious


Swiftships Freeport, Inc. (Swiftships, Inc.; 2,757,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Freeport, TX         18,600      General duty clause     1 worker died           Serious
(107491011)         (1,500)                              instantly when he was
                                                         struck in the head by
                                                         a 3-ton exhaust stack
                                                         that was being
                                                         positioned by a crane
                                                         for sandblasting and
                                                         painting, after being
                                                         removed from a vessel.
                                                         This facility is
                                                         engaged in
                                                         shipbuilding and
                                                         repair.


Texaco Refining (Texaco, Inc.; 21,559,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Los Angeles,         83,500      Standard of state-      10 workers were         Willful;
CA                 (83,500)      operated program        hospitalized for smoke  serious
(112076500)#                                             inhalation and being
                                                         struck by falling
                                                         debris when a piping
                                                         failure led to a
                                                         petroleum explosion
                                                         and fire at this
                                                         petroleum refining
                                                         facility.


Tower Construction Co., Inc. (5,022,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mililani             24,000      Standard of state-                              Repeat;
Town, HI            (5,250)      operated program                                serious
(103887865)#


Trataros Construction Co. (9,539,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New York, NY         17,625      Fall protection                                 Repeat;
(107196248)        (11,500)                                                      serious


Trident Seafoods Corp. (880,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Naknek, AK           30,150      Standards of state-                             Serious
(124072521)#       (13,050)      operated program

Naknek, AK           16,500      Materials handling and                          Serious
(109433052)         (7,250)      storage


Trinity Industries, Inc. (109,805,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Longview, TX         15,000      Confined space                                  Serious
(109098921)         (4,000)


Unifirst Corp. (5,112,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Springfield,         16,500      Medical and first aid                           Serious
MA                  (9,400)
(017828252)


Union Camp Corp. (206,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fine Paper           86,250      Hazardous materials;                            Serious
Division        (35,837.50)      machinery and machine
Franklin, VA                     guarding; electrical
(112394796)#

Savannah, GA         20,280      Special industries                              Serious
(017403627)        (14,490)


Union Pacific Railroad (Union Pacific Corp.; because contract was terminated or modified,
net obligations for fiscal year 19
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Green River,         15,750      Standards of state-                             Serious
WY                  (4,650)      operated program
(114619042)#


United Airlines (U.A.L. Corp.; 2,366,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Elk Grove            27,500      Hazard communication                            Serious
Village, IL         (5,900)      standard; fire
(102992112)                      protection

Elk Grove            39,950      Confined space                                  Serious
Village, IL        (10,125)
(103456794)

Executive            95,000      Occupational health                             Serious
Office              (6,500)      and environmental
Elk Grove                        controls
Village, IL
(102992047)


United Parcel Service (United Parcel Service Amer., Inc.; 5,699,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mesquite, TX         22,500      Personal protective                             Serious
(107550857)        (19,000)      equipment

Commerce             60,000      Corporatewide
City, CO           (60,000)      settlement agreement
(109550491)                      regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.

Manchester,          30,000      Corporatewide
NH                 (30,000)      settlement agreement
(017902925)                      regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.

Uniondale, NY       142,000      Corporatewide
(108664079)*      (142,000)      settlement agreement
                                 regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.

Buffalo, NY          30,000      Corporatewide
(114098858)        (30,000)      settlement agreement
                                 regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.

Twin                 15,000      Corporatewide
Mountain, NH       (15,000)      settlement agreement
(108783929)                      regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.

Earth City,          17,500      Means of egress                                 Serious
MO                  (9,975)
(116103722)

Fort Collins,        90,000      Corporatewide
CO                 (90,000)      settlement agreement
(100747146)                      regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.

Hartford, CT         94,025      Corporatewide                                   Repeat;
(123214074)        (92,500)      settlement agreement                            serious
                                 regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.

Mobile, AL           30,975      Corporatewide                                   Serious
(106092067)        (30,975)      settlement agreement
                                 regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.

Jackson, MS          60,000      Hazardous materials
(018135012)        (60,000)

Pinellas             90,000      Corporatewide
Park, FL           (90,000)      settlement agreement
(109709311)                      regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.

Elmsford, NY        165,000      Corporatewide
(109916726)*      (165,000)      settlement agreement
                                 regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.

East                165,000      Corporatewide
Syracuse, NY      (165,000)      settlement agreement
(106898208)*                     regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.

Palm Bay, FL         15,000      Corporatewide
(109709279)        (15,000)      settlement agreement
                                 regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.

Austin, TX           15,000      Corporatewide
(123432338)        (15,000)      settlement agreement
                                 regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.

Bryan, TX            60,000      Corporatewide
(123424574)        (60,000)      settlement agreement
                                 regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.

San Antonio,         30,000      Corporatewide
TX                 (30,000)      settlement agreement
(123432254)                      regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.

Linthicum            18,300      Means of egress;        2 workers were          Serious
Heights, MD         (2,000)      personal protective     hospitalized from
(119554269)#                     equipment               exposure to hazardous
                                                         solvents that leaked
                                                         from packages within
                                                         the confined space of
                                                         an airplane cargo
                                                         hold.

Laredo, TX           60,000      Corporatewide
(107434243)        (60,000)      settlement agreement
                                 regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.

Corpus               60,000      Corporatewide
Christi, TX        (60,000)      settlement agreement
(107433583)                      regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.

Belton, TX           30,000      Corporatewide
(123426421)        (30,000)      settlement agreement
                                 regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.

Miami, FL           141,000      Corporatewide
(110056421)*      (141,000)      settlement agreement
                                 regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.

Deerfield, FL        15,000      Corporatewide
(108995697)        (15,000)      settlement agreement
                                 regarding emergency
                                 response to hazardous
                                 conditions when
                                 packages are damaged.


United Technologies Automotive (United Technologies Corp.; 2,776,447,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Columbia             41,000      Machinery and machine                           Serious
City, IN           (16,000)      guarding
(114978794)#


Unitog, Inc. (48,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Warrensburg,         34,200      Toxic and hazardous                             Serious
MO                  (4,000)      substances;
(115971475)                      hazard communication
                                 standard


Universal Maritime Service Corp. (Maersk, Inc.; 182,088,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Port Newark,         18,700      Marine terminals                                Serious
NJ                  (4,500)
(017982646)


University of Miami (10,020,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fort                 17,550      General duty clause;                            Serious
Lauderdale,         (7,200)      personal protective
FL                               equipment; bloodborne
(109689992)                      pathogens


Valley Design and Construction (266,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Boise, ID            17,150      Construction                                    Serious
(107234726)         (8,575)


Vickers, Inc. (Trinova Corp.; 17,831,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Omaha, NE            28,500      Lockout/tagout                                  Serious
(109321687)        (15,500)

Omaha, NE            24,000      Materials handling and                          Repeat;
(109322974)        (15,000)      storage                                         serious


Victory Corrugated Container Corp. (82,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Roselle, NJ          29,575      Lockout/tagout                                  Serious
(114039951)        (16,000)


Vineland Kosher Poultry, Inc. (349,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vineland, NJ         31,500      Walking-working                                 Serious
(108666413)        (13,300)      surfaces; lockout/
                                 tagout; materials
                                 handling and storage;
                                 machinery and machine
                                 guarding; electrical


Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. (47,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Malvern, PA          43,900      Electrical                                      Serious
(102845518)        (12,700)


Volunteers of America of Oklahoma (Volunteers of America, Inc.; 3,416,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tulsa, OK            15,000      Bloodborne pathogens                            Repeat;
(109060137)         (5,000)                                                      serious


Wabash Valley Manufacturing, Inc. (63,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Silver Lake,         21,000      Machinery and machine                           Serious
IN                  (4,900)      guarding
(114974199)#


Waste Management Disposal (WMX Technologies, Inc.; 241,696,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phoenix, AZ          63,000      Standards of state-                             Serious
(115584815)#        (9,000)      operated program;
                                 means of egress


Weber Aircraft, Inc. (Zodiac, SA; 13,300,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gainesville,         28,500      Machinery and machine                           Repeat;
TX                 (21,225)      guarding; electrical                            serious
(110372539)


Weight Watchers Food Co. (Heinz, Inc.; 439,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wethersfield,        66,000      Machinery and machine                           Repeat;
CT                 (42,000)      guarding                                        serious
(102794856)


West State, Inc. (W.S., Inc.; 1,310,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Portland, OR         15,000      Shipyards                                       Serious
(110505344)         (2,500)


Westinghouse Electric Corp. (4,595,090,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Birmingham,          21,925      Confined space                                  Serious
AL                 (18,300)
(106232804)


Whirlpool Corp. (2,351,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Evansville,          52,500      Machinery and machine   1 worker was            Willful;
IN                 (26,250)      guarding                hospitalized, and his   serious
(123970469)#                                             hand and forearm
                                                         amputated, when he got
                                                         caught while manually
                                                         feeding coil through a
                                                         mechanical power
                                                         press. The facility
                                                         manufactures household
                                                         refrigerators.

Fort Smith,          19,000      Machinery and machine                           Serious
AR                  (5,000)      guarding
(110354784)


Willamette Industries, Inc. (1,860,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Moncure, NC          17,500      Standard of state-      1 worker died when an   Serious
(111139390)#        (6,000)      operated program;       object, which fell
                                 walking-working         from the wall of a
                                 surfaces                large vessel he was
                                                         cleaning along with
                                                         several other workers,
                                                         crushed this worker.
                                                         The facility
                                                         manufactures hardwood
                                                         veneer or plywood.

Hawesville,          29,025      Machinery and machine                           Repeat;
KY                 (19,350)      guarding                                        serious
(123812786)#


Witco Corp. (162,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memphis, TN          15,000      Machinery and machine                           Serious
(120549472)#       (15,000)      guarding; personal
                                 protective equipment


Yuasa-Exide, Inc. (1,583,000 in contracts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
San Antonio,         21,600      Walking-working                                 Serious
TX                  (2,000)      surfaces
(123434094)


Zeneca Resins (Imperial Americas; see I.C.I. America)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wilmington,          17,550      Means of egress;        1 worker was            Serious
MA                  (8,775)      hazardous material;     hospitalized from
(109620831)                      fire protection         inhaling vapors
                                                         released due to
                                                         improper storage of
                                                         chemicals at this
                                                         facility that
                                                         manufactures plastics
                                                         and synthetic resins.
                                                         Although all workers
                                                         were evacuated, this
                                                         worker went to search
                                                         for a co-worker
                                                         without using personal
                                                         protective equipment.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Assessed proposed penalty of $100,000 or more for safety and health
violations. 

#Inspection conducted by a state-operated safety and health program. 

\a Means of egress refers to requirements that a continuous and
unobstructed way to exit from any point in a building or structure be
provided. 

\b Lockout/tagout refers to servicing and maintenance of machines and
equipment to prevent their unexpected start-up, which could cause
injury to employees. 

\c Process safety management refers to requirements for preventing or
minimizing the consequences of catastrophic releases of toxic,
reactive, flammable, or explosive chemicals. 

\d Excavations refers to requirements for minimizing injuries (from
cave-ins, for example) to employees who are working below the earth's
surface, which would include trenches. 

\e Confined space refers to practices and procedures to protect
employees from the hazards of entry into permit-required confined
spaces; for example, tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, and vaults. 


A TOTAL OF 261 FEDERAL CONTRACTORS
ASSESSED SIGNIFICANT PROPOSED
PENALTIES BY OSHA STANDARD
VIOLATED
========================================================= Appendix III

Table III.1 categorizes the 261 federal contractors assessed
significant proposed penalties by the OSHA standard violated.  Our
definition of a significant penalty is a proposed penalty of $15,000
or more regardless of the size of the actual penalty recorded when
the inspection was closed (either because the employer accepted the
citation or a contested citation was resolved).  The proposed penalty
is the penalty issued by OSHA in the original citation and reflects
the compliance officer's judgment of the nature and severity of
violations, while the actual penalty may be the product of other
factors such as negotiations between OSHA and the company to
encourage quicker abatement of workplace hazards.  Because some of
these 261 federal contractors own more than one worksite inspected, a
total of 345 inspections appear in the table.  The name of the
federal contractor (or parent company) is identified if it is
different from the name of the worksites where the violations
occurred.  The table also includes the location of the worksite
inspected, including the corresponding activity number of the
inspection as assigned in IMIS.  Given that there are many different
OSHA standards, we reported those standards in which the greatest
number of violations in the 345 inspections fell.  Because more
violations were of general industry standards, we reported these
standards in greater detail.  We have identified those 26 inspections
in which a proposed penalty of $100,000 or more was assessed for
safety and health violations with an asterisk that appears by the
activity number of the inspection.  Seventy-one inspections conducted
by state-operated safety and health programs are identified with a
special symbol (#) by the activity number of the inspection.  The
column of "All other standards" is often marked in inspections
conducted by state-operated programs because the codes used by some
states are different from the codes for federal standards. 



                                                                      Table III.1
                                                        
                                                         OSHA Standards Violated by 261 Federal
                                                                      Contractors

                                                        (Worksite (name of federal contractor if
                                                                      different))

                                                                                                                         Shipyard
                                                                                        Toxic                            s,
                                                                                        and                       Other  marine
                                                            Hazardou  Machiner          hazardou                  gener  terminal              All
                        General     Recording   Walking-    s         y and             s         Hazard          al     s,                    other
Location (IMIS          duty        and         working     material  machine   Electr  substanc  communicat      indus  longshor  Constructi  standard
activity number)        clause      reporting   surfaces    s         guarding  ical    es        ions            try    ing       on          s
----------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ----------  --  -----  --------  ----------  --------
A.H.A. General Construction
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New York, NY                                                                                                                       X           X
(106934086)


A.A.R. Engine Component Service (A.A.R. Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Frankfort, NY                                               X         X                                           X
(018154542)


A.B.B. Combustion Engineering Nuclear (A.B.B. A.S.E.A. Brown Boveri, Ltd.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Newington, NH                       X                       X         X         X       X         X               X
(108781816)


Acme Steel Co. (Acme Metals, Inc
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chicago, IL                                                 X                           X         X               X
(103451274)


Alamo Transformer Supply Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Houston, TX                         X           X           X         X         X                 X               X
(107489593)


Albany International Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
East Greenbush, NY                                                                      X                         X
(109053272)


Alcan Toyo America (Toyo Aluminum KK)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lockport, IL            X                                                                                         X
(108719063)


Alder Construction Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Boise, ID (107232167)                                                                                                              X


All American Poly Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dunellen, NJ                        X                       X         X         X                 X               X                            X
(114039639)


All-Steel, Inc. (B.T.R. PLC)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Montgomery, IL                                              X         X                                           X
(102997434)

West Hazleton, PA       X           X                       X         X         X                                 X
(018226225)


Allied Tube and Conduit (Tyco International, Ltd.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Philadelphia, PA                    X           X                     X         X                 X               X
(017999095)

Philadelphia, PA                                X           X         X         X                 X               X
(018253054)*

Harvey, IL (103453387)                          X           X         X         X                                 X


Aluminum Co. of America
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rockdale, TX            X
(123431298)

Massena, NY                                     X           X         X         X                 X               X                X
(106991326)


Amcor, Inc. (C.R.H. PLC)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nampa, ID (110517984)               X           X           X         X         X       X         X               X


Amoco Gas Co. (Amoco Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Texas City, TX
(107491433)


The Arbors at Fairmont (Arbor Health Care Co.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fairmont, WV                        X                                                   X         X
(101176626)


Arco Alaska, Inc. (Atlantic Richfield Co.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prudhoe Bay, AK                                             X                                                                                  X
(105867964)#


Asplundh Tree Expert Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Columbia, MD                                                                    X                                 X                X
(119539898)#


AT&T Communications (AT&T)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Danforth, ME                                                                                                      X
(109797910)


Avondale Industries, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Westwego, LA                                    X                     X         X                                 X
(110344983)


B.R. Group, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Orange, MA              X                       X           X         X         X                 X               X
(102861978)*


Baldt, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chester, PA                         X                                           X                 X               X
(102842192)


Ball Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Columbus, OH                                                          X
(103343000)


Basler Electric Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Corning, AR                                                 X         X                 X         X               X
(107705931)


Bath Iron Works Corp. (Fulcrum II Limited Partnership)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bath, ME (101450336)*   X           X           X           X         X         X                                 X      X                     X


Batson-Cook Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tampa, FL (109609776)                                                                                                              X


Baxter Health Care Corp. (Baxter International, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Carolina, PR                        X                                 X         X                                 X                            X
(119461473)#


Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc. (Textron, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hurst, TX (103375663)                           X                               X


Bender Shipbuilding & Repair Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mobile, AL (107011207)                          X                     X         X                                 X      X


Berning Construction, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Detroit, OR                                                                                                                        X           X
(123776262)#


Bethlehem Steel Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sparrows Point, MD                              X                               X                                 X
(104383815)#

Sparrows Point, MD                              X
(119517068)#


Biocraft Laboratories, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Paterson, NJ                                    X           X         X                                           X
(109043141)

Fairfield, NJ                                                                                                     X
(101484780)


Bizzack, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Logan, WV (116242512)                                                                                                              X           X


Blaze Construction Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Many Farms, AZ                                                                                                                     X
(002331486)

Pinon, AZ (002331478)                                                                                                              X


Blue Bells Creameries USA, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Brenham, TX                                                 X         X         X                 X               X
(123419905)


Boeing (The Boeing Co.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commerical Aircraft                                                                                                                            X
Co.
Everett, WA
(115506081)#

Defense and Space                               X           X         X         X                 X               X
Group Ridley Park, PA
(018253047)


Boise Cascade Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Horseshoe Bend, ID                              X                                                                 X
(110502895)

Rumford, ME             X                                   X                           X         X               X                X
(102753969)*

Rumford, ME             X           X           X           X         X         X                                 X
(103392247)*

Rumford, ME             X                       X                     X         X                                 X
(109793901)


Boston University (of Boston University Trustees)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Boston, MA (109124131)


Bowman Apple Products Co., Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mt. Jackson, VA                                 X           X         X         X                 X               X
(105754790)#


Brown & Root (Halliburton Co.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deer Park, TX                                                                                                     X
(123652505)


Browning-Ferris Industries, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Corpus Christi, TX                              X                                       X         X               X                            X
(103579934)


Burns & Roe Services Corp. (Burns & Roe Enterprises, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Greenport, NY                       X           X           X                           X         X               X
(108664475)


Burron Medical, Inc. (B. Braun Melsungen A.G.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Allentown, PA                       X                                                   X         X               X
(123264145)


C.H. Heist Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oregon, OH (110294584)                                      X


Campbell Soup Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tecumseh, NE                                    X                                       X         X               X
(109323105)


Cargill, Inc. (Tyson Foods, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Buena Vista, GA                                 X                     X                 X         X               X
(106514169)


Center Core, Inc. (CenterCore Group)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plainfield, NJ                      X           X                     X         X                 X               X
(113942155)


Centric Jones Construction (Centric Jones Co.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aurora, CO (100748813)  X


Century Concrete Services, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Richmond, VA                                                                                                                       X
(123658890)#


Certified Coatings (Certified Coating of Cal)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ogden, UT (124620931)#                                                                  X                                          X


Chevron USA (Chevron Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Port Arthur, TX                     X                                                   X
(123653255)


Children's Hospital Medical Center
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cincinnati, OH                                                                          X         X               X
(102592094)


Chomerics, Inc. (Parker Hannifin Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hudson, NH (108781717)              X                                 X         X                 X


Chrysler Motors Corp., K (Chrysler Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kenosha, WI             X                       X                     X         X                                 X
(102347218)*


Cincinnati Milacron Resin Abrasion (Cincinnati Milacron, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Carlisle, PA                        X           X           X         X         X       X         X               X
(109025502)


Clean Harbors of Kingston, Inc. (Clean Harbors Environmental Services, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Providence, RI          X                                                                                         X
(017945213)*


Cleveland Construction
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cincinnati, OH                                                                                                                     X
(103127585)


Colgate-Palmolive Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kansas City, KS                                                                 X                                 X
(113820021)


ConAgra, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Broiler Co.                                                                                                       X
Enterprise, AL
(109246249)

Fresh Meats Co.                                 X                     X         X                                 X
Omaha, NE (109318873)


Consolidated Edison Co. of New York
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New York, NY                        X                                                                                              X
(107197816)


Consolidated Grain and Barge Co. (C.G.B. Enterprises, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mount Vernon, IN                                                                                                         X
(107139784)


Cornell University Press (Cornell University)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ithaca, NY (113937304)                          X                               X                 X               X


Coyne Textile Services (Coyne International Enterprises Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New Bedford, MA                                                                 X                 X
(109124958)


Crane & Co., Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pittsfield, MA                                                        X         X                 X               X
(017830456)


Croman Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lumber                              X                                                             X               X
Boise, ID (018168146)


Crowley Maritime Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
American Transport,                                                                                                      X
Inc.
San Juan, PR
(106716145)

Maritime Corp.                      X                       X         X                 X         X               X                            X
Seattle, WA
(109421685)


Crown American (Crown Holding Co.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Scranton, PA            X                                                                                                          X
(017623174)


Crown Central Petroleum Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pasadena, TX                                                X                                                     X
(123653081)


D.J. Manufacturing Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Caguas, PR                          X                                 X         X                 X               X
(119466886)#


Dana Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Spicer Axle Div.                                X           X         X         X                 X               X                            X
Fort Wayne, IN
(115017410)#

Chasis Prod.                        X                                 X                           X               X
Oklahoma City, OK
(108736869)


Delco Electronics (General Motors Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oak Creek, WI                                                                                                     X
(103472049)


Dell Computer Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Austin, TX (123549917)                          X           X         X         X                                 X

Austin, TX (123579559)              X                       X                           X         X               X


Detroit Diesel Corp. (Penske Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Detroit, MI                                                                     X                 X               X                            X
(114811748)#


Diamond Shamrock Refining & Marketing (Diamond Shamrock, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Colorado Springs, CO                X                                                                                              X
(109549055)


Dick Enterprises, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shamokin, PA                                                X                                                                      X
(018227009)


Domermuth Petroleum Equipment & Maintenance (J. Myles Group, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
East Syracuse, NY       X                                                                         X               X
(100162056)


Donohoe Construction Companies (Donohoe Companies, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rockville, MD                                                                                     X               X                X           X
(119535847)#


Dreadnought Marine, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Norfolk, VA                                     X           X         X         X                 X               X                            X
(123673253)#


Duncan-Smith, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Charleston, SC                                                                                                                     X           X
(017419631)


Dunlop Tire Corp. (Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Huntsville, AL                                                        X
(108955618)


Duro Bag Manufacturing Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Walton, KY                                                            X                 X                         X
(124595901)#


Dynalectric (Emcor Group, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Perryville, MD                                                                                                                     X
(102480233)


Dyncorp-Fort Belvoir Division (Dyncorp)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fort Belvoir, VA                    X                                 X         X                 X               X
(017968827)


E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Niagara Falls, NY       X           X                                                             X               X
(017816026)


E.T. Lafore, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Denver, CO (100744580)                                                                                                             X


Eastern Trans-Waste of Maryland
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Washington, DC                                                                                                                     X
(117940098)


Eaton Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Marion, OH (106127541)              X                                                                             X


Eltech Systems Corp, Electrode (Eltech Systems Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chardon, OH                                                                             X         X               X
(103544557)


Emco, Inc. (Mid-South Industries, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gadsden, AL                                                 X                           X         X               X
(109192997)


Empire Kosher Poultry, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mifflintown, PA                                                       X
(102699568)


Ethicon, Inc. (Johnson & Johnson)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
San Angelo, TX                      X                                 X         X       X         X               X
(123542706)


Exide Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Salina, KS (103163317)                                                          X                                 X


Exide Electronics Corp. (Exide Electronics Group, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Raleigh, NC                                                                     X                                 X
(111091807)#


Exxon Oil Co. (Exxon Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Baytown, TX                                     X                     X                                           X
(109459339)


F & B Manufacturing Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gurnee, IL (102987740)                          X           X         X         X                 X               X


Federal Paper Board Co., Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Riegelwood, NC                                  X                                                                 X                            X
(018518670)#

Riegelwood, NC                                                                                                    X                            X
(018518688)*#


Fletcher Pacific Construction (Fletcher Challenge, Ltd.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Honolulu, HI
(120659362)#


F.M.C. Corp., Wellhead Equipment D (F.M.C. Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Houston, TX                                     X           X         X                                           X
(123553224)


Ford Motor Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hazelwood, MO                                   X           X         X         X                                 X
(106547508)*

Lorain, OH (106123748)                          X                               X                 X


The Foxboro Co. (Siebe PLC)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Foxboro, MA             X                                                               X         X               X
(107541567)


Frito-Lay, Inc. (Pepisco, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dayville, CT                                    X           X         X         X       X         X               X
(109826248)

Allen Park, MI                                              X                   X                 X                                            X
(110801305)#

Granite City, IL
(103278982)


Fru-Con (Bilfinger & Berger)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grant Town, WV                                                                                                                     X
(100595354)


Fruehauf Trailer Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
St. Louis, MO                       X           X           X         X         X                 X               X
(116102088)


Fruit of the Loom, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lexington, SC                                               X         X         X                                 X
(120477351)#


Gary's Grading and Pipeline Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lawrenceville, GA                                                                                                                  X
(106514367)


Gayston Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Springboro, OH                                              X                                     X               X
(103385290)


General Electric Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Springfield, MO                                                                 X                                 X
(110466034)


General Motors Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOC Lordstown                                                                                                     X
Lordstown, OH
(103217881)

BOC Lordstown                                   X                               X
Lordstown, OH
(108836552)

Trucks                                          X           X         X                           X               X
Moraine, OH
(103376422)*

CPC Group                                                   X         X                           X
Oklahoma City, OK
(108743253)


Georgia-Pacific Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Brunswick, GA                                               X                   X                 X               X
(109006700)

Brunswick, GA                                   X           X                   X                                 X
(109006981)

Palatka, FL                                                                     X                                 X
(110133816)

Mount Wolf, PA                      X           X                     X         X
(109029520)

Cedar Springs, GA       X                                                                                         X
(106213911)


Gold Kist, Inc. By Products (Gold Kist, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ball Ground, GA                                 X                     X                                           X
(106514383)


Goodyear Tire/Rubber Co. (Shell Co.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Apple Grove, WV                                                                                                                    X
(100781483)


Goulds Pumps, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Slurry Pump                                     X           X         X         X                 X               X
Ashland, PA
(106464829)


Granite Construction Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rockwall, TX                                                                                                                       X
(103556791)


Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Co. (Blackstone Dredging Partners)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Baltimore, MD                                                                                                     X      X                     X
(102480217)


Great Plains Coca Cola Bottling Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oklahoma City, OK                                                     X         X                 X               X
(108740200)


Grove North American, Division of Kidde Industries, Inc. (Hanson PLC)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shady Grove, PA         X                       X           X         X         X                 X               X
(123177453)


The Gunver Manufacturing Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Manchester, CT                                              X         X         X                                 X
(109829119)


Handy & Harman
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Attleboro, MA                                   X                     X         X                                 X
(109130294)


Hardaway Co., Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
St. Petersburg, FL                                                                                                X
(109607689)


Harsco Corp., IKG Division
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Carlisle, OH                                                          X                                           X
(103385464)


Harvard Industries Hayes Albio (F.E.L. Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bryan, OH (122085277)                                                 X


Hawaii Electric Light Co. (Hawaii Electric Industries)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hilo, HI (103885844)#                                                                                                                          X


Hawaii Stevedores, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Honolulu, HI                                                                                                      X
(110635059)


Heat Transfer Systems, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
St. Louis, MO                       X                                 X         X                                 X
(106546963)


Henkels & McCoy, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Conshohocken, PA                                                                                                                   X
(017871906)


Homer Laughlin China Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Newell, WV (101179000)                                                                  X


Houck Services, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Harrisburg, PA                                                                                                                     X
(123176414)


Hunter Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chesterton, IN                                                                                                                     X           X
(124059148)#


Hussman Corp. (Whitman Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bridgeton, MO                       X                                 X         X                                 X
(106540446)


I.A. Construction Corp. (Colas)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Philadelphia, PA                                                                        X                         X                X
(102845575)


I.B.P., Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Waterloo, IA                                                X                   X                                 X
(115062556)#


I.C.I. America (Imperial Americas)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tamaqua, PA                                                 X         X         X                 X               X                            X
(106472160)


Idaho Pacific Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ririe, ID (107234965)               X           X                                       X         X               X


Indiana Michigan Power (American Electric Power Co.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rockport, IN                                                                                                                                   X
(123970188)#


Inland Steel Co. (Inland Steel Industries)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
East Chicago, IN                                            X                                                     X                            X
(115036386)#


International Paper Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Moss Point, MS                      X                       X                           X         X               X
(101391787)

Natchez, MS                         X                                                   X         X               X
(107089484)

Cordele, GA                                                                                                       X
(106441108)

Jay, ME (018058123)*    X                                   X                           X         X               X

Moss Point, MS          X                       X           X         X         X                                 X
(101390235)*

Natchez, MS             X                       X                     X         X                                 X
(102677952)*


J & J Maintenance Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Norfolk, VA                                     X           X         X         X                 X               X
(017704875)


J.H. Baxter Facility (J.H. Baxter & Co, a Ltd. California Partnership)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Long Beach, CA                                                                                                                                 X
(112086327)#


Joe E. Woods, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
San Carlos, AZ                                                                                                                     X
(102317195)


John Crane, Inc. (T.I. Group PLC)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Morton Grove, IL                                            X                   X       X         X               X
(102991825)


Judds Brothers Construction Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ashland, NE                                                                                                                        X
(109317917)


Keebler Co. (United Biscuits Holdings PLC)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grand Rapids, MI                                                                                                  X                            X
(114801988)#


Klosterman Baking Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cincinnati, OH                                  X                     X         X                                 X
(103032751)


Kohler Co., Mill Division
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kohler, WI                          X           X           X         X         X                 X               X
(103077707)*


Konica Imaging U.S.A., Inc. (Konica Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Glen Cove, NY                                               X                           X         X               X
(113921183)


Kostmayer Construction Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New Orleans, LA                                                                                                                    X
(107634032)


Kraft Food Service, Inc. (Alliant Food Services)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Englewood, CO                       X                                           X                 X               X
(109547000)


Krueger International
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Green Bay, WI                                                         X                 X                         X
(103520318)


La Gloria Oil & Gas Co. (Crown Central Petroleum Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tyler, TX (107555567)                                                                   X

Tyler, TX (103564449)                           X           X         X         X                                 X


Lady Baltimore Foods, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kansas City, KS                     X                                 X         X                 X               X
(113821532)


Lakeside Care Center, Unicare (Crownex, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lubbock, TX                                     X                               X       X         X               X
(107410565)


Lambda Electronics, Inc. (Unitech, PLC)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
McAllen, TX                         X           X                                                                 X
(107431975)


Lauhoff Grain Co. (Bunge Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Danville, IL            X                       X           X         X         X       X                         X
(103304135)


Lockheed (Lockheed-Martin Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aeronautical Systems                X           X           X         X         X       X         X               X
(001874445)*

Engineering & Science                                       X                                                     X
(123652711)


Longmont Foods (ConAgra, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Longmont, CO                                                                                      X
(100747476)


Lufkin Industries, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lufkin, TX (123565210)                                      X                                     X


M & K Electrical Co., Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pittsburgh, PA                                                                                                                     X
(108755588)


M.R. Dillard Construction Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loretto, TN                                                                                                                        X
(114512635)#


Marine Hydraulics International (Marine Hydraulics, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Norfolk, VA                                                 X         X         X                                 X      X
(102899580)


Marley Cooling Tower Co., Inc. (United Dominion Industries, Ltd.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Needville, TX                                               X                           X         X               X
(123650103)


Marriott Corp. (Host Marriott Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Troy, OH (103275814)                                                                              X               X


Mason Technologies, Inc. (The Mason Co.-Del)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ceiba, PR (106716202)                                       X                   X       X         X               X


Medical Laboratory Automation
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pleasantville, NY                   X                                           X       X         X               X
(110603289)


Medline Industries, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mundelein, IL                                                         X         X                                 X
(103594396)


Meinecke-Johnson Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fargo, ND (107119075)                                                                                                              X


Metric Constructors (Philipp Holzman A.G.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Estill, SC (018112284)                                                                                                             X


Misener Marine Construction, Inc. (Interbain)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ft. Myers, FL                                                                                                                      X
(109711606)


Montgomery Elevator (Kone Holding, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Winfield, KS                                                                            X         X               X
(103164935)

Tampa, FL (106491350)                                                                                                              X


Moon Engineering Co., Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Portsmouth, VA          X                                             X         X                                 X      X
(102899499)


Morrison-Knudsen Corp., Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yonkers, NY                         X                                                                             X                X
(017651407)


Mosler, Inc. (Kelso Investment Assoc. IV LP)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hamilton, OH                                                          X                                           X
(103275830)


M.S.E. Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indianapolis, IN                                                                                                                   X           X
(115006017)#


National Beef Packing Co. LP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Liberal, KS                         X           X           X         X         X                                 X
(106629884)*


National Fruit Produce Co., Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Winchester, VA                                  X           X         X         X                 X               X                X           X
(112376587)*#


National Health Laboratories (National Health Labs Holdings)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Uniondale, NY                                                                           X
(107355133)*


Neosho Construction (Neosho, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Riverside, CA                                                                                                                                  X
(119959757)#


New York Telephone Co. (NYNEX Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New York, NY                        X           X                     X                                           X
(108946708)


Northern Indiana Public Service (NIPSCO Industries, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
South Bend, IN                                                                                                    X                X
(115002420)#


Northwest Enviro Service, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Seattle, WA                                                                                                                                    X
(111284170)#


Novinger Group
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Harrisburg, PA                                                                                                                     X
(109018937)


Olin Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
East Alton, IL                                              X                                                     X
(103279196)


Packaging Corp. of America (Tenneco Packaging, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Griffith, IN                                                                                                      X
(124068792)#

Tama, IA (115064248)#                                                 X         X                                 X                            X


P.C.L.-Harbert, Joint Venture (P.C.L. Enterprises)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Denver, CO (100748110)                                                                                                             X


Peace Industries, Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rolling Meadows, IL                             X           X         X         X                                 X
(103592515)


Pennsylvania Power & Light Co. (Pennsylvania Power & Light Resources, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Williamsport, PA        X                                                                                                          X
(109361659)


Penrose Hospital (Sisters of Charity Health Care)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Colorado Springs, CO                                                                    X         X
(109544643)


Perini Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New York, NY                                                                                                                       X
(106183445)


Piquniq Management Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kodiak, AK                                                                                                                                     X
(108542259)#


Pizzagalli Construction, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hanover, NH                                                                                                                        X
(100856921)


PMX Industries, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cedar Rapids, IA                                                                                                  X
(115054066)#


Professional Ambulance Service (American Medical Response)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Atlantic City, NJ       X           X                                                   X         X
(113960538)


P.S.I. Energy-Gibson Generating (Cinergy Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Owensville, IN                                                                                                    X                            X
(108563958)#


Public Service Co. of Colorado
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pueblo, CO (110534286)                                                                            X               X


Pulse Electronics, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rockville, MD                                               X         X         X                 X               X                            X
(119588481)#


Purina Mills, Inc. (P.M. Holdings Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Macon, GA (106513559)                           X                     X         X                                 X

Liberal, KS                                     X                     X         X                                 X
(103164372)

Oklahoma City, OK                                                                                                 X
(108742081)


Radiation Systems, Inc.-Univer (Comsat Corp. RSI)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Green Bank, WV                                                                                                                     X
(101174506)


Ralston Purina Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Clinton, IA                                     X           X         X         X                                 X                            X
(115066870)#


Redondo Construction Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mayaguez, PR                                                                                                                       X
(119487999)#


Reed & Reed, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Saint Francis, ME                                                                                                                  X
(102748233)


Rehrig International, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Richmond, VA                                    X           X         X         X                 X               X
(123656555)#


Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Troy, NY (108655804)                                                                    X


Reynolds & Reynolds Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Edison, NJ (002119352)                                                X                                           X                            X


Rhone Poulenc Basic Chemical (Rhone-Poulenc, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Martinez, CA                                                                                                                                   X
(111995379)*#

Martinez, CA                                                                                                                                   X
(111996526)*#


Rich Industries, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New Philadelphia, OH                                                  X         X                                 X
(103040234)


Richard F. Kline, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cockeysville, MD                                                                                                                   X
(119586360)#


R.M.I. Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Niles, OH (105924922)                           X           X         X         X                 X               X


Roadway Express, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chicago Heights, IL                                         X                           X         X               X
(101313252)

Oakville, CT                                                X                                                     X
(109828079)


The Roof Doctor, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Olympia, WA                                                                                                                                    X
(111459855)#


Roseburg Forest Products
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weed, CA (111909560)#                                                                                                                          X


Roto-Rooter Services Co. (Roto-Rooter, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Baltimore, MD                                                                                     X                                X           X
(119559649)#


Salvation Army
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rockford, IL                                                          X         X                 X               X                            X
(122098684)

Rockford, IL                                                                    X                 X               X
(122108004)


Schuck and Sons Construction Co., Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indio, CA (112057690)#                                                                                                                         X


Sciaba Construction Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shelburne Falls, MA                 X                                                                                              X
(017826439)


Scott Paper Co. (Kimberly-Clark)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chester, PA                         X           X                     X         X                                 X
(102845120)


Sears (Sears Roebuck & Co.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Auto Center             X                                                                         X
Toledo, OH (110274198)

Automotive Center                   X                                                             X               X
Toms River, NJ
(108665050)

Roebuck & Co.                                   X                                                                 X
Iowa City, IA
(115054561)#

Roebuck & Co.                                                                   X       X         X               X
Automotive
Springfield, MA
(017828617)


Sermetech International, Inc. (Teleflex, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sugar Land, TX                                  X           X                                     X               X
(123652174)


Shasta Industries, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phoenix, AZ                                                                                                                        X
(115562290)#


Shelby Williams Industries, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Morristown, TN                                              X                                     X               X
(114488984)#


Shell Oil Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deer Park, TX                                               X                                     X               X
(123652513)

Wood River              X                                   X                   X       X         X               X
Roxana, IL
(106552771)*


Shirley Contracting Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Washington, DC                                                                                                                     X
(123503294)


Siemens Energy & Automation (Siemens)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Urbana, OH (103030086)                                                X                                           X


Signature Flight Support Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chicago, IL                                                           X                           X               X
(103586947)


Smith & Nephew Dyonics (Smith & Nephew PLC)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Andover, MA                                                 X         X                           X               X
(109622332)


Smith & Wesson Co. (Tompkins Industries)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Springfield, MA                                 X                     X         X                                 X
(102766664)


The Smithfield Packing Co. (Smithfield Foods, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Landover, MD                                    X           X         X         X                 X               X                            X
(119587681)#


Snyder General Corp. (McQuay International)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Verona, VA                                      X           X         X         X                 X               X
(123702128)#


Spearin Preston & Burrows, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New York, NY                                                                                                                       X
(017777251)


S.S.I. Food Services, Inc. (Simplot J.R. Co.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wilder, ID                                                                              X                         X
(110516986)*


Stambaugh's Air Service, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Middletown, PA          X                       X                                                                 X
(109028738)


Stevedoring (Cooper/T Smith Stevedoring, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Services of America                                                                                               X
Savannah, GA
(106219967)

Port Cooper                                                 X                                                            X
Houston, TX
(123653958)


Stone Container Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Jacksonville, AR                    X           X                               X                 X               X
(107605776)

Jacksonville, AR                    X
(110360427)

Frenchtown, MT          X                       X           X         X         X                 X               X
(100568815)

Frenchtown, MT          X                                   X                                                     X
(107214314)

Columbia, SC                                    X                     X         X                 X               X                            X
(120493994)#


Stonhard Manufacturing Co., Inc. (R.P.M., Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maple Shade, NJ                     X           X           X         X                           X               X
(106741531)


Sun Chemical Corp. (Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cincinnati, OH                                  X                     X                                           X
(103231833)

Cincinnati, OH                                  X
(103273041)


Supreme Corp. (Supreme Industries, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Goshen, IN                                                            X         X       X         X               X                            X
(108646167)#


Swiftships Freeport, Inc. (Swiftships, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Freeport, TX            X           X
(107491011)


Texaco Refining (Texaco, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Los Angeles, CA                                                                                                                                X
(112076500)#


Tower Construction Co., Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mililani Town, HI                                                                                                                              X
(103887865)#


Trataros Construction Co.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New York, NY                                                                                                                       X           X
(107196248)


Trident Seafoods Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Naknek, AK (109433052)                                      X         X                                           X      X

Naknek, AK                                                                                                                                     X
(124072521)#


Trinity Industries, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Longview, TX                                                                                                      X
(109098921)


Unifirst Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Springfield, MA                                 X           X                   X       X         X               X
(017828252)


Union Camp Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fine Paper Division                             X           X         X         X                 X               X
Franklin, VA
(112394796)#

Savannah, GA            X                       X           X         X         X                 X               X
(017403627)


Union Pacific Railroad (Union Pacific Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Green River, WY                                                                                                                                X
(114619042)#


United Airlines (U.A.L. Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Elk Grove Village, IL               X                                                   X         X               X                X
(102992112)

Elk Grove Village, IL                           X                     X         X                                 X
(103456794)

Executive Office                                                                                                                   X
Elk Grove Village, IL
(102992047)


United Parcel Service (United Parcel Service Amer., Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mobile, AL (106092067)                                                                                            X                            X

Commerce City, CO                                                                                                                              X
(109550491)

Fort Collins, CO                                                                                                                               X
(100747146)

Hartford, CT                                                                                      X               X                            X
(123214074)

Palm Bay, FL                                                                                                                                   X
(109709279)

Pinellas Park, FL                                                                                                                              X
(109709311)

Earth City, MO                                                                                                    X
(116103722)

Jackson, MS                                                 X
(018135012)

Manchester, NH                                                                                                                                 X
(017902925)

Twin Mountain, NH                                                                                                                              X
(108783929)

Buffalo, NY                                                                                                                                    X
(114098858)

East Syracuse, NY                                                                                                                              X
(106898208)*

Elmsford, NY                                                                                                                                   X
(109916726)*

Uniondale, NY                                                                                                                                  X
(108664079)*

Austin, TX (123432338)                                                                                                                         X

Mesquite, TX                                                                                                      X
(107550857)

Deerfield, FL                                                                                                                                  X
(108995697)

Miami, FL (110056421)*                                                                                                                         X

Linthicum Heights, MD                                                                                             X
(119554269)#

Belton, TX (123426421)                                                                                                                         X

Bryan, TX (123424574)                                                                                                                          X

Corpus Christi, TX                                                                                                                             X
(107433583)

Laredo, TX (107434243)                                                                                                                         X

San Antonio, TX                                                                                                                                X
(123432254)


United Technologies Automotive (United Technologies Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Columbia City, IN                               X                     X         X                 X               X
(114978794)#


Unitog, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Warrensburg, MO                     X                                           X       X         X               X
(115971475)


Universal Maritime Service Corp. (Maersk, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Port Newark, NJ                                                                                                   X      X
(017982646)


University of Miami
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fort Lauderdale, FL     X                                                               X                         X
(109689992)


Valley Design and Construction
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Boise, ID (107234726)                                                                                                              X


Vickers, Inc. (Trinova Corp.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Omaha, NE (109321687)                           X           X                   X                 X               X

Omaha, NE (109322974)                           X                     X         X                                 X


Victory Corrugated Container Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Roselle, NJ                                     X                     X         X                                 X
(114039951)


Vineland Kosher Poultry, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vineland, NJ                        X           X                     X         X                 X               X
(108666413)


Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Malvern, PA                         X           X                     X         X                                 X
(102845518)


Volunteers of America of Oklahoma (Volunteers of America, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tulsa, OK (109060137)                                                                   X


Wabash Valley Manufacturing, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Silver Lake, IN                                 X                     X         X                                 X
(114974199)#


Waste Management Disposal (W.M.X. Technologies, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phoenix, AZ                                     X                                                                 X                            X
(115584815)#


Weber Aircraft, Inc. (Zodiac, SA)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gainesville, TX                     X                                 X         X                                 X
(110372539)


Weight Watchers Food Co. (Heinz, Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wethersfield, CT                                X           X         X                 X                         X
(102794856)


West State, Inc. (W.S., Inc.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Portland, OR                                                                                                             X
(110505344)


Westinghouse Electric Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Birmingham, AL                                                        X         X       X                         X
(106232804)


Whirlpool Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fort Smith, AR                                                        X                                           X
(110354784)

Evansville, IN                                                        X
(123970469)#


Willamette Industries, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hawesville, KY                                  X                     X                                           X                            X
(123812786)#

Moncure, NC                                     X                                                                 X                            X
(111139390)#


Witco Corp.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memphis, TN                                                           X                           X               X
(120549472)#


Yuasa-Exide, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
San Antonio, TX                     X           X                     X                           X               X
(123434094)


Zeneca Resins (Imperial Americas)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wilmington, MA                                              X                                                     X
(109620831)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  Toxic and hazardous substances include asbestos, lead, and
bloodborne pathogens.

*Assessed proposed penalty of $100,000 or more for safety and health
violations.

#Inspection conducted by a state-operated safety and health program. 


FATALITIES AND INJURIES ASSOCIATED
WITH INSPECTIONS INVOLVING 50
FEDERAL CONTRACTORS
========================================================== Appendix IV

Table IV.1 identifies the 50 federal contractors that were assessed
significant proposed penalties in an OSHA inspection in which a
fatality or injury occurred.  The location of the worksite inspected
and the corresponding activity number for the inspection, as assigned
in IMIS, are provided.  The name of the federal contractor (or parent
company) is identified if it is different from the name of the
worksite where the violations occurred.  In describing the fatality
or injury, we referred to investigation summaries submitted by OSHA
compliance officers or follow-up calls to area OSHA offices when
other data in IMIS indicated an accident had occurred but no summary
was available.  The accident segment of IMIS provided counts for
fatalities and injuries, which we supplemented with information
obtained through our follow-up calls.  We have reported only those
standards violated that are associated with the highest actual
penalty as well as standards that reportedly contributed to a
fatality or injury when different from the former.  Regardless,
factors other than a company's OSHA violations may have contributed
to some of these fatalities or injuries, such as misjudgments by the
worker or the worker's failure to follow company safety practices. 
We have identified those inspections in which a proposed penalty of
$100,000 or more was assessed with an asterisk and those inspections
conducted by state-operated safety and health programs with a special
symbol (#). 



                                              Table IV.1
                               
                               Fatalities and Injuries Associated With
                                   Inspections Involving 50 Federal
                                             Contractors

                               (Worksite (name of federal contractor if
                                             different))

                                                                                    OSHA standard
Location of                                                                         violated
inspection                    Hospitali         Non-                                associated with
(IMIS activity     Fatalitie        zed  hospitalize      Description of fatality   highest actual
number)                    s   injuries   d injuries      or injury                 penalty
-----------------  ---------  ---------  -----------  --  ------------------------  ----------------
A.H.A. General Construction
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New York, NY                          5                   5 workers were            Demolition
(106934086)                                               hospitalized due to fall
                                                          when floor of building,
                                                          which was not shored or
                                                          braced, collapsed during
                                                          demolition.


Acme Steel Co. (Acme Metals, Inc.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chicago, IL                1          1                   1 worker died, another    Means of
(103451274)                                               was hospitalized, from    egress;\a
                                                          exposure to blast         hazardous
                                                          furnace gas due to        materials;
                                                          equipment failure at a    personal
                                                          steel mill.               protective
                                                                                    equipment;
                                                                                    general
                                                                                    environmental
                                                                                    controls
                                                                                    lockout/
                                                                                    tagout;\b
                                                                                    toxic and
                                                                                    hazardous
                                                                                    substances


Albany International Corp.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
East Greenbush,            1                              1 worker was              Lockout/tagout
NY                                                        hospitalized and died 4
(109053272)                                               days later after being
                                                          crushed in a weaving
                                                          loom at this textile
                                                          plant.


Alcan Toyo America (Toyo Aluminum KK)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lockport, IL               1                              1 worker died from burns  General duty
(108719063)                                               when a mixer containing   clause;
                                                          aluminum powder exploded  personal
                                                          at this primary metals    protective
                                                          production plant.         equipment


Alder Construction, Inc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Boise, ID                  1                              1 worker died due to a    General safety
(107232167)                                               propane explosion when    and health
                                                          he entered a confined     provisions;
                                                          space, where the          fire protection
                                                          atmosphere had not been   and prevention;
                                                          tested, with a lighted    occupational
                                                          torch.                    health and
                                                                                    environmental
                                                                                    controls;
                                                                                    personal
                                                                                    protective and
                                                                                    lifesaving
                                                                                    equipment


Allied Tube and Conduit (Tyco International, Ltd.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Philadelphia, PA                      5                   3 workers lost fingers    Machinery and
(018253054)*                                              or parts of fingers, and  machine guarding
                                                          a fourth worker
                                                          fractured several
                                                          fingers. Their fingers
                                                          were either crushed or
                                                          cut by machinery at this
                                                          electric wiring
                                                          facility. A fifth worker
                                                          was hospitalized after
                                                          being pinned between a
                                                          forklift and a parking
                                                          cart.


Aluminum Co. of America
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rockdale, TX               1                              1 worker died after he    General duty
(123431298)                                               was crushed inside of a   clause
                                                          truck which he operated
                                                          for this metal smelting
                                                          and refining plant. The
                                                          truck ran off the road
                                                          and rolled upside down,
                                                          in part because his
                                                          vision was obstructed
                                                          due to the truck's
                                                          design.


Amoco Gas Co. (Amoco Corp.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Texas City, TX                        9                   9 workers were            All deleted
(107491433)                                               hospitalized for burns
                                                          due to an explosion of a
                                                          natural gas pipeline.


Arco Alaska, Inc. (Atlantic Richfield Co.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prudhoe Bay, AK                       1            4      1 worker was              Process safety
(105867964)#                                              hospitalized and 4 other  management;\c
                                                          workers were injured due  standards of
                                                          to a flash fire in a      state-operated
                                                          tank. Sparks from a       program
                                                          welding or cutting
                                                          operation ignited gases
                                                          in a pipe that was
                                                          inadequately purged at
                                                          this petroleum and
                                                          natural gas facility.


Asplundh Tree Expert Co.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Columbia, MD                          2                   2 workers were            Electrical
(119539898)#                                              hospitalized due to
                                                          contact with a light
                                                          pole that hit high
                                                          voltage lines when they
                                                          were reinstalling the
                                                          pole for this power line
                                                          construction company.


Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc. (Textron, Inc.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hurst, TX                  1          1                   1 worker was killed and   Electrical
(103375663)                                               another hospitalized due
                                                          to overexposure to
                                                          sulfuric acid in a
                                                          confined space.


Brown & Root (Halliburton Co.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deer Park, TX              1          2                   1 worker died, 2 workers  Process safety
(123652505)                                               were hospitalized, due    management;
                                                          to gas exposure while     personal
                                                          doing maintenance work    protective
                                                          on a pipeline for this    equipment
                                                          special trades
                                                          contractor.


Cargill, Inc. (Tyson Foods, Inc.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Buena Vista, GA                                    1      1 worker was injured      Toxic and
(106514169)                                               when he mixed together    hazardous
                                                          unmarked chemicals that   substance;
                                                          subsequently exploded.    hazard
                                                          The worker was cleaning   communication
                                                          at this poultry           standard
                                                          processing facility.


Clean Harbors of Kingston, Inc. (Clean Harbors Environmental Services, Inc.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Providence, RI             1                              1 worker died because     General duty
(017945213)*                                              his co-workers were       clause
                                                          unable to retrieve him
                                                          from a tank containing a
                                                          chemical sludge when his
                                                          air supply ran low. He
                                                          was cleaning the tank
                                                          for this facility that
                                                          provides refuse
                                                          collection and disposal
                                                          services.


Duncan-Smith, Inc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Charleston, SC             1                              1 worker drowned when he  General safety
(017419631)                                               jumped off a barge        and health
                                                          without a life preserver  provisions;
                                                          because he was            personal
                                                          frightened when it began  protective and
                                                          to rock back and forth.   life saving
                                                          The rocking action        equipment;
                                                          started when a sling      materials
                                                          broke as workers were     handling,
                                                          pulling pilings out of    storage, use,
                                                          the channel for this      and disposal;
                                                          demolition and wrecking   cranes,
                                                          company.                  derricks,
                                                                                    hoists,
                                                                                    elevators, and
                                                                                    conveyors; motor
                                                                                    vehicles,
                                                                                    mechanized
                                                                                    equipment, and
                                                                                    marine
                                                                                    operations


Dunlop Tire Corp. (Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Huntsville, AL             1                              1 worker, at this         Machinery and
(108955618)                                               facility which produces   machine guarding
                                                          tires, died when he
                                                          placed fabric on a
                                                          rotating cylinder, got
                                                          caught in the machine,
                                                          and asphyxiated after
                                                          being wound up inside
                                                          the fabric.


Exide Corp.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Salina, KS                 1                              1 worker died from        Electrical
(103163317)                                               electric shock while
                                                          checking fuses for this
                                                          facility, which
                                                          manufactures storage
                                                          batteries.


Exide Electronics Corp. (Exide Electronics Group, Inc.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Raleigh, NC                           1                   1 worker was              Electrical;
(111091807)#                                              hospitalized, at this     lockout/tagout
                                                          company which produces
                                                          transformers, due to
                                                          electric shock while
                                                          cleaning consoles with a
                                                          liquid cleaner. The
                                                          consoles were not
                                                          disconnected from the
                                                          power supply.


Federal Paper Board Co., Inc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Riegelwood, NC             1                              1 worker died from        Special
(018518688)*#                                             electric shock, at this   industries;
                                                          pulp and paper mill,      standard of
                                                          when a boiler             state-operated
                                                          precipitator within the   program
                                                          power plant was not
                                                          deenergized before he
                                                          entered a confined space
                                                          to work on it.


The Foxboro Co. (Siebe PLC)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Foxboro, MA                1                              1 worker died when        Occupational
(107541567)                                               splashed by hydrogen      health and
                                                          fluoride while he was     environmental
                                                          manually dispensing the   control; hazard
                                                          chemical from the bottom  communication
                                                          of the drum. This         standard
                                                          company produces
                                                          measuring and
                                                          controlling devices.


Frito-Lay, Inc. (Pepisco, Inc.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Allen Park, MI                                     1      1 worker was burned       Standards of
(110801305)#                                              while using a high        state-operated
                                                          pressure steam hot water  program
                                                          hose while cleaning the
                                                          potato peeler equipment
                                                          at this food preparation
                                                          facility.

Dayville, CT               1                              1 worker died, at this    Walking-working
(109826248)                                               facility which produces   surfaces
                                                          snack foods, when his
                                                          neck was crushed while
                                                          making adjustments to
                                                          the waste conveyor
                                                          system. He was working
                                                          alone at this wastewater
                                                          treatment plant.


Gary's Grading and Pipeline Co.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lawrenceville,                                     1      1 worker was injured      Excavations\d
GA                                                        when a wall of an
(106514367)                                               unshored trench
                                                          collapsed. He was trying
                                                          to install a saddle tap
                                                          for this grading and
                                                          pipeline company.


Granite Construction Co.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rockwall, TX               1                              1 worker died when a      Electrical;
(103556791)                                               reinforced concrete       general safety
                                                          panel fell on him while   and health
                                                          he was unloading a        provisions
                                                          semitruck transporting
                                                          these panels to a
                                                          highway construction
                                                          site.


Hawaii Electric Light Co., Inc. (Hawaii Electric Industries)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hilo, HI                   1                              1 worker died from        Standard of
(103885844)#                                              electric shock when       state-operated
                                                          disassembling a test      program
                                                          transformer. The safety
                                                          indicator was inoperable
                                                          so he did not realize
                                                          that the transformer was
                                                          still energized.


Hawaii Stevedores, Inc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Honolulu, HI               1                              1 worker was killed when  Materials
(110635059)                                               a forklift ran into him   handling and
                                                          as he was directing       storage
                                                          another driver into
                                                          position to load and
                                                          unload goods on a pier
                                                          for this marine cargo
                                                          handling company.


Inland Steel Co. (Inland Steel Industries)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
East Chicago, IN           3                              2 workers were killed     Standards of
(115036386)#                                              when trapped in a fire    state-operated
                                                          that erupted at this      program;
                                                          coke-making facility.     hazardous
                                                          Their supervisor killed   materials; means
                                                          himself several days      of egress
                                                          later.


International Paper Co.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cordele, GA                1                              1 worker died when he     Confined space\e
(106441108)                                               entered a drum to
                                                          replace a faulty piece
                                                          of equipment at this
                                                          wood products facility.
                                                          The drum, which was not
                                                          deenergized or locked
                                                          out, was inadvertently
                                                          activated and the worker
                                                          fell 14 feet into the
                                                          conveyor system.


Keebler Co. (United Biscuits Holdings PLC)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grand Rapids, MI                                   2      2 workers fractured a     Standards of
(114801988)#                                              forearm and a finger,     state-operated
                                                          respectively, while       program;
                                                          cleaning conveyors at     lockout/tagout
                                                          this facility which
                                                          makes cookies and
                                                          crackers.


Lauhoff Grain Co., Inc. (Bunge Corp.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Danville, IL               1          1                   1 worker died and         General duty
(103304135)                                               another was hospitalized  clause
                                                          when cleaning a grain
                                                          bin for this grain mill
                                                          products company. Both
                                                          workers were drawn down
                                                          into the grain bin, and
                                                          the first suffocated.


M & K Electrical Co., Inc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pittsburgh, PA             1                              1 worker died from        Electical;
(108755588)                                               electric shock while      general safety
                                                          removing a compactor      and health
                                                          from between two          provisions;
                                                          energized conductors and  power
                                                          inadvertently coming      transmission and
                                                          into contact with an      distribution
                                                          energized line.


Neosho Construction (Neosho, Inc.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Riverside, CA                         1                   1 worker was              Standards of
(119959757)#                                              hospitalized for head     state-operated
                                                          injuries when he fell 10  program
                                                          feet onto a concrete
                                                          floor while working on
                                                          reinforcing a railroad
                                                          undercrossing.


Novinger Group
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Harrisburg, PA             1                              1 worker died of          Electrical
(109018937)                                               electric shock when, for
                                                          this plastering and
                                                          drywall company, he
                                                          mistakenly cut into
                                                          electrical wiring.


Pennsylvania Power & Light Co. (Pennsylvania Power & Light Resources, Inc.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Williamsport, PA           1                              1 worker died of          General duty
(109361659)                                               electric shock when       clause; power
                                                          installing underground    transmission and
                                                          electrical conductors in  distribution
                                                          a new development. He
                                                          attempted to connect a
                                                          line he mistakenly
                                                          thought was deenergized.


P.M.X. Industries, Inc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cedar Rapids, IA                      6                   6 workers were            Fire protection
(115054066)#                                              hospitalized from smoke
                                                          inhalation as a result
                                                          of fighting a fire.
                                                          Hydraulic oil caught
                                                          fire at this metal
                                                          smelting and refining
                                                          plant.


P.S.I. Energy-Gibson Generating (Cinergy Corp.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Owensville, IN                        2           20      2 workers were            Standard of
(108563958)#                                              hospitalized due to       state-operated
                                                          burns. 20 workers were    program;
                                                          injured, although not     personal
                                                          hospitalized, as a        protective
                                                          result of smoke           equipment
                                                          inhalation and cuts and
                                                          bruises from falling
                                                          debris. These workers
                                                          were trying to fight the
                                                          fire from a coal hopper
                                                          explosion at this
                                                          electrical services
                                                          facility.


Purina Mills, Inc. (PM Holdings Corp.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oklahoma City,             1                              1 worker died when he     Lockout/tagout
OK                                                        got caught in a bag-
(108742081)                                               stacker machine while
                                                          trying to free a jammed
                                                          pallet without turning
                                                          off the power. He
                                                          inadvertently hit a
                                                          switch, causing the
                                                          machine to recycle at
                                                          this animal feed
                                                          manufacturing facility.


Radiation Systems, Inc.-Univer (Comsat Corp. RSI)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Green Bank, WV             1                              1 worked died when he     Cranes,
(101174506)                                               fell 120 feet from a      derricks,
                                                          platform that hit an      hoists,
                                                          object and tipped to the  elevators, and
                                                          side as it was being      conveyors
                                                          lowered. This worker and
                                                          3 others on the platform
                                                          were not tied off. This
                                                          company is a special
                                                          trades contractor in the
                                                          construction industry.


Rhone Poulenc Basic Chemicals (Rhone-Poulenc, Inc.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Martinez, CA               1          1                   1 worker died and         Standards of
(111996526)*#                                             another was hospitalized  state-operated
                                                          due to chemical burns     program
                                                          when they mistakenly
                                                          extracted a valve,
                                                          releasing 80,000 gallons
                                                          of acid sludge from a
                                                          storage tank at this
                                                          industrial chemicals
                                                          facility.


Rich Industries, Inc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New Philadelphia,          1                              1 worker died from        Electrical;
OH                                                        electric shock when he    lockout/tagout
(103040234)                                               reached into a press to
                                                          do maintenance work and
                                                          came into contact with a
                                                          live electrical part.
                                                          This facility
                                                          manufactures protective
                                                          clothing for the nuclear
                                                          industry.


Schuck and Sons Construction Co., Inc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indio,CA                              1                   1 worker was              Standards of
(112057690)#                                              hospitalized when he      state-operated
                                                          fell while working on a   program
                                                          frame house for this
                                                          company that builds
                                                          residential buildings.
                                                          The worker was leaning
                                                          out from a 9-foot height
                                                          while attempting to cut
                                                          a roof joist when he
                                                          slipped and fell to the
                                                          cement porch below.


Shasta Industries, Inc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phoenix, AZ                1                              1 worker died from burns  Electrical;
(115562290)#                                              when trying to use        occupational
                                                          acetone to remove         health and
                                                          standing water in a       environmental
                                                          swimming pool for which   controls
                                                          he was preparing a
                                                          fiberglass interior
                                                          surface. The acetone
                                                          vapors in the pool were
                                                          ignited when he switched
                                                          on a vacuum. The company
                                                          is a special trades
                                                          contractor.


Shell Oil Co.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deer Park, TX              1          2                   1 worker died and 2 were  Process safety
(123652513)                                               hospitalized from         management;
                                                          exposure to gas when one  personal
                                                          of them opened the        protective
                                                          flange of a pipeline      equipment
                                                          while they were doing
                                                          maintenance work at this
                                                          petroleum refining
                                                          facility.


Signature Flight Support Corp.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chicago, IL                1                              1 worker died when        Materials
(103586947)                                               inflating a tire on a     handling and
                                                          baggage trailer that      storage
                                                          transports luggage to
                                                          and from the aircraft.
                                                          The tube exploded and
                                                          the rim struck the
                                                          employee in the face,
                                                          causing massive head
                                                          injuries. The company
                                                          provides airport
                                                          terminal services.


Stambaugh's Air Service, Inc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Middletown, PA             1                       1      1 worker died and         Materials
(109028738)                                               another was hospitalized  handling and
                                                          when trying to remove an  storage
                                                          engine from an aircraft.
                                                          The 4,000-pound engine
                                                          dropped on the chest of
                                                          the first worker when
                                                          the front chain of the
                                                          mechanism used to remove
                                                          the engine broke. The
                                                          other worker was struck
                                                          in the head by the
                                                          mechanism itself.


Swiftships Freeport, Inc. (Swiftships, Inc.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Freeport, TX               1                              1 worker died instantly   General duty
(107491011)                                               when he was struck in     clause
                                                          the head by a 3-ton
                                                          exhaust stack that was
                                                          being positioned by a
                                                          crane for sandblasting
                                                          and painting, after
                                                          being removed from a
                                                          vessel. This facility is
                                                          engaged in shipbuilding
                                                          and repair.


Texaco Refining (Texaco, Inc.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Los Angeles, CA                      10                   10 workers were           Standard of
(112076500)#                                              hospitalized for smoke    state-operated
                                                          inhalation and being      program
                                                          struck by falling debris
                                                          when a piping failure
                                                          led to a petroleum
                                                          explosion and fire at
                                                          this petroleum refining
                                                          facility.


United Parcel Service (United Parcel Service Amer, Inc.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Linthicum                             2                   2 workers were            Means of
Heights, MD                                               hospitalized from         egress;
(119554269)#                                              exposure to hazardous     personal
                                                          solvents that leaked      protective
                                                          from packages within the  equipment
                                                          confined space of an
                                                          airplane cargo hold.


Whirlpool Corp.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Evansville, IN                        1                   1 worker was              Machinery and
(123970469)#                                              hospitalized, and his     machine guarding
                                                          hand and forearm
                                                          amputated, when he got
                                                          caught while manually
                                                          feeding coil through a
                                                          mechanical power press.
                                                          The facility
                                                          manufactures household
                                                          refrigerators.


Willamette Industries, Inc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Moncure, NC                1                              1 worker died when an     Standard of
(111139390)#                                              object, which fell from   state-operated
                                                          the wall of a large       program;
                                                          vessel he was cleaning    walking-working
                                                          along with several other  surfaces
                                                          workers, crushed this
                                                          worker. The facility
                                                          manufactures hardwood
                                                          veneer and plywood.


Zeneca Resins (Imperial Americas)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wilmington, MA                        1                   1 worker was              Means of egress;
(109620831)                                               hospitalized from         hazardous
                                                          inhaling vapors released  materials; fire
                                                          due to improper storage   protection
                                                          of chemicals at a
                                                          facility which
                                                          manufactures plastics
                                                          and synthetic resins.
                                                          Although all workers
                                                          were evacuated, this
                                                          worker went to search
                                                          for a co-worker without
                                                          personal protective
                                                          equipment.

Total                     35         55           30
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Assessed proposed penalty of $100,000 or more for safety and health
violations. 

#Inspection conducted by a state-operated safety and health program. 

\a Means of egress refers to requirements that a continuous and
unobstructed way to exit from any point in a building or structure be
provided. 

\b Lockout/tagout refers to servicing and maintenance of machines and
equipment to prevent their unexpected start-up that could cause
injury to employees. 

\c Process safety management refers to requirements for preventing or
minimizing the consequences of catastrophic releases of toxic,
reactive, flammable, or explosive chemicals. 

\d Excavations refers to requirements for minimizing injuries (from
cave-ins, for example) to employees who are working below the earth's
surface, which would include trenches. 

\e Confined space refers to practices and procedures to protect
employees from the hazards of entry into permit-required confined
spaces, for example, tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, and vaults. 


FEDERAL CONTRACTORS ASSESSED
SIGNIFICANT PROPOSED PENALTIES IN
MORE THAN ONE INSPECTION CLOSED IN
FISCAL YEAR 1994
=========================================================== Appendix V

Table V.1 provides information on federal contractors assessed a
significant proposed penalty more than once in fiscal year 1994 for
violations that occurred at different worksites owned by or
associated with the same company.  In a few cases, the federal
contractor was assessed a significant proposed penalty more than once
in fiscal year 1994 at the same or different worksites located in the
same city.  Our definition of a significant penalty is a proposed
penalty of $15,000 or more regardless of the size of the actual
penalty recorded when the inspection was closed (either because the
employer accepted the citation or a contested citation was resolved). 
The proposed penalty is the penalty issued by OSHA in the original
citation and reflects the compliance officer's judgment of the nature
and severity of violations.  Inspections of these worksites are
grouped by federal contractor (or parent company).  The name of the
federal contractor is identified if it is different from the name of
the worksite where the violations occurred. 

Locations for the worksites inspected are provided, as well as the
activity number of each inspection as assigned in IMIS.  The primary
industry of the worksite inspected is also provided, based on SIC
codes in IMIS.  Finally, the number of inspections closed in fiscal
year 1994 in which a worksite owned by the same federal contractor
was assessed significant proposed penalties is also provided. 



                                         Table V.1
                          
                          Federal Contractors Assessed Significant
                            Proposed Penalties in More Than One
                           Inspection Closed in Fiscal Year 1994

                                                                     Number of inspections
                       Location of                                   resulting in proposed
Worksite (name of      inspection                                    penalty of $15,000 or
federal contractor if  (IMIS activity         Primary industry of    more closed in fiscal
different)             number)                establishment                      year 1994
---------------------  ---------------------  ---------------------  ---------------------
All-Steel, Inc.        Montgomery, IL         Office furniture,                          2
(B.T.R. PLC)           (102997434);           except wood
                       West Hazleton, PA
                       (018226225)

Allied Tube & Conduit  Philadelphia, PA       Steel pipe and                             3
Co.                    (017999095)            tubes;
(Tyco International,   (018253054);           noncurrent-carrying
Inc.)                  Harvey, IL             wiring devices
                       (103453387)


Aluminum Co. of        Rockdale, TX           Secondary smelting                         2
America                (123431298);           and refining of
                       Massena, NY            nonferrous metals
                       (106991326)

Bethlehem Steel Corp.  Sparrows Point, MD     Steel works, blast                         2
                       (104383815)            furnaces (including
                       (119517068)            coke ovens), and
                                              rolling mills

Biocraft               Fairfield, NJ          Pharmaceutical                             2
Laboratories, Inc.     (101484780);           preparations
                       Paterson, NJ
                       (109043141)

Blaze Construction     Pinon, AZ              General contractors-                       2
Co.                    (002331478);           -single-family
                       Many Farms, AZ         houses
                       (002331486)

Boeing Commercial      Everett, WA            Aircraft                                   2
Aircraft Co./Defense   (115506081);
& Space Group          Ridley Park, PA
(The Boeing Co.)       (018253047)

Boise Cascade Corp.    Rumford, ME            Paper mills; sawmills                      4
                       (103392247)            and planing mills
                       (102753969)
                       (109793901);
                       Horseshoe, ID
                       (110502895)

ConAgra Broiler Co./   Enterprise, AL         Prepared feeds and                         3
Fresh Meats Co./       (109246249);           feed ingredients for
Longmont Foods         Omaha, NE              animals and fowls;
(ConAgra, Inc.)        (109318873);           meat packing plants;
                       Longmont, CO           poultry slaughtering
                       (100747476)            and processing

Crowley American       San Juan, PR           Marine cargo                               2
Transport Inc./        (106716145);           handling; ship
Maritime Corp.         Seattle, WA            building and
(Crowley Maritime      (109421685)            repairing
Corp.)

Crown Central          Pasadena, TX           Petroleum refining                         3
Petroleum/La Gloria    (123653081);
Oil & Gas Co.          Tyler, TX
(Crown Central         (107555567)
Petroleum Corp.)       (103564449)

Dana Spicer Axle       Fort Wayne, IN         Motor vehicle parts                        2
Division/Chasis        (115017410);           and accessories
Prod.                  Oklahoma City, OK
(Dana Corp.)           (108736869)

Dell Computer Corp.    Austin, TX             Computer peripheral                        2
                       (123579559)            equipment; computers
                       (123549917)

Federal Paper Board    Riegelwood, NC         Paper mills                                2
Co.                    (018518670)
                       (018518688)

Ford Motor Co.         Hazelwood, MO          Motor vehicles and                         2
                       (106547508);           passenger car bodies
                       Lorain, OH
                       (106123748)

Frito-Lay, Inc.        Allen Park, MI         Food preparations;                         3
(Pepsico, Inc.)        (110801305);           potato chips, corn
                       Dayville, CT           chips, and similar
                       (109826248);           snacks; grocery
                       Granite City, IL       stores
                       (103278982)

General Motors BOC     Lordstown, OH          Motor vehicles and                         5
Lordstown/Truck/CPC    (103217881)            passenger car bodies;
Group/Delco            (108836552);           motor vehicle parts
Electronics/           Moraine, OH            and accessories;
(General Motors        (103376422);           semiconductors and
Corp.)                 Oklahoma City, OK      related devices
                       (108743253);
                       Oak Creek, WI
                       (103472049)

Georgia-Pacific Corp.  Brunswick, GA          Pulp mills; paper                          5
                       (109006700)            mills; corrugated and
                       (109006981);           solid fiber boxes;
                       Palatka, FL            paperboard mills
                       (110133816);
                       Mount Wolf, PA
                       (109029520);
                       Cedar Springs, GA
                       (106213911)

I.C.I. America/        Tamaqua, PA            Explosives; plastics                       2
Zeneca Resins          (106472160);           materials, synthetic
(Imperial Americas)    Wilmington, MA         resins, and
                       (109620831)            nonvulcanizable
                                              elastomers

International Paper    Moss Point, MS         Paper mills; pulp                          6
Co.                    (101391787)            mills; reconstituted
                       (101390235);           wood products
                       Natchez, MS
                       (107089484)
                       (102677952);
                       Cordele, GA
                       (106441108);
                       Jay, ME
                       (018058123)

Lockheed Aeronautical  Burbank, CA            Aircraft; engineering                      2
Systems/Engineering &  (001874445);           services
Science                Houston, TX
(Lockheed-Martin       (123652711)
Corp.)

Montgomery Elevator    Winfield, KS           Elevators and moving                       2
(Kone Holding, Inc.)   (103164935);           stairways;
                       Tampa, FL              installation or
                       (106491350)            erection of building
                                              equipment

Packaging Corp. of     Griffith, IN           Sanitary food                              2
America                (124068792);           containers;
(Tenneco Packaging,    Tama, IA               paperboard mills
Inc.)                  (115064248)

Purina Mills, Inc.     Macon, GA              Prepared feeds and                         3
(P.M. Holdings Corp.)  (106513559);           feed ingredients for
                       Liberal, KS            animals and fowls
                       (103164372);
                       Oklahoma City, OK
                       (108742081)

Rhone Poulenc Basic    Martinez, CA           Industrial inorganic                       2
Chemical               (111995379)            chemicals
(Rhone-Poulenc, Inc.)  (111996526)

Roadway Express, Inc.  Chicago Hts, IL        Terminal and joint                         2
                       (101313252);           terminal maintenance
                       Oakville, CT           facilities for motor
                       (109828079)            freight
                                              transportation; local
                                              trucking without
                                              storage

Salvation Army         Rockford, IL           Individual and family                      2
                       (122098684)            social services
                       (122108004)

Sears Automotive       Toledo, OH             General automotive                         4
Center/Roebuck & Co.   (110274198);           repair shops;
(Sears Roebuck & Co.)  Toms River, NJ         miscellaneous general
                       (108665050);           merchandise stores
                       Iowa City, IA
                       (115054561);
                       Springfield, MA
                       (017828617)

Shell Oil Co./Wood     Deer Park, TX          Petroleum refining                         2
River                  (123652513);
(Shell Oil Co.)        Roxana, IL
                       (106552771)

Stevedoring Services   Savannah, GA           Repair shops and                           2
of America/Port        (106219967);           related services;
Cooper                 Houston, TX            marine cargo handling
(Cooper/T Smith        (123653958)
Stevedoring, Inc.)

Stone Container Corp.  Jacksonville, AR       Plastics, foil, and                        5
                       (107605776)            coated paper bags;
                       (110360427);           uncoated paper and
                       Frenchtown, MT         multiwall bags;
                       (100568815)            paperboard mills;
                       (107214314);           paper mills;
                       Columbia, SC           corrugated and solid
                       (120493994)            fiber boxes

Sun Chemical Corp.     Cincinnati, OH         Cyclic organic crudes                      2
(Dainippon Ink &       (103231833)            and intermediates,
Chemicals, Inc.)       (103273041)            and organic dyes and
                                              pigments; industrial
                                              organic chemicals

Trident Seafoods       Naknek, AK             Prepared fresh or                          2
Corp.                  (109433052)            frozen fish and
                       (124072521)            seafoods; canned and
                                              cured fish and
                                              seafoods

Union Camp Corp./      Savannah, GA           Paper mills                                2
Fine Paper Division    (017403627);
(Union Camp Corp.)     Franklin, VA
                       (112394796)

United Airlines/       Elk Grove Village,     Air transportation                         3
Executive Office       IL
(U.A.L. Corp.)         (102992112)
                       (103456794)
                       (102992047)

UPS                    Mobile, AL             Courier services,                         24
(United Parcel         (106092067);           except by air; air
Service Amer., Inc.)   Commerce City, CO      courier services;
                       (109550491);           trucking, except
                       Fort Collins, CO       local; terminal and
                       (100747146);           joint terminal
                       Hartford, CT           maintenance
                       (123214074);           facilities for motor
                       Palm Bay, FL           freight
                       (109709279);           transportation;
                       Pinellas Park, FL      arrangement of
                       (109709311);           transporation of
                       Earth City, MO         freight and cargo
                       (116103722);
                       Jackson, MS
                       (018135012);
                       Manchester, NH
                       (017902925);
                       Twin Mountain, NH
                       (108783929);
                       Buffalo, NY
                       (114098858);
                       East Syracuse, NY
                       (106898208);
                       Elmsford, NY
                       (109916726);

                       Uniondale, NY
                       (108664079);
                       Austin, TX
                       (123432338);
                       Mesquite, TX
                       (107550857);
                       Deerfield Beach, FL
                       (108995697);
                       Miami, FL
                       (110056421);
                       Linthicum Hts., MD
                       (119554269);
                       Belton, TX
                       (123426421);
                       Bryan, TX
                       (123424574);
                       Corpus Christi, TX
                       (107433583);
                       Laredo, TX
                       (107434243);
                       San Antonio, TX
                       (123432254)

Vickers, Inc.          Omaha, NE              Fluid power pumps and                      2
(Trinova Corp.)        (109321687)            motors
                       (109322974)

Whirlpool Corp.        Fort Smith, AR         Household                                  2
                       (110354784);           refrigerators and
                       Evansville, IN         home and farm
                       (123970469)            freezers

Willamette             Hawesville, KY         Paper mills; hardwood                      2
Industries, Inc.       (123812786);           veneer and plywood
                       Moncure, NC
                       (111139390)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GAO CONTACTS AND STAFF
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
========================================================== Appendix VI

GAO CONTACTS

Charles Jeszeck, Assistant Director, (202) 512-7036
Jackie Baker Werth, Project Manager, (202) 512-7070

STAFF ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

In addition to those already named, the following individuals
contributed to this report:  Wayne J.  Turowski, Computer Specialist,
who provided programming support and analysis; Robert G.  Crystal,
Assistant General Counsel, who provided legal analysis; David Druid,
Evaluator, who assisted with the audit work; Cheryl Gordon,
Evaluator, who did some initial audit work; and William J. 
Carter-Woodbridge, Communications Analyst, who provided editing
support. 


RELATED GAO PRODUCTS
=========================================================== Appendix 0

Worker Protection:  Federal Contractors and Violations of Labor Law
(GAO/HEHS-96-8, Oct.  24, 1995). 

OSHA:  Potential to Reform Regulatory Enforcement Efforts
(GAO/T-HEHS-96-42, Oct.  17, 1995). 

Workplace Regulation:  Information on Selected Employer and Union
Experiences (GAO/HEHS-94-138, Vol.  I, June 30, 1994). 

Workplace Regulation:  Information on Selected Employer and Union
Experiences (GAO/HEHS-94-138, Vol.  II, June 30, 1994). 

Occupational Safety and Health:  Differences Between Programs in the
United States and Canada (GAO/HRD-94-15FS, Dec.  6, 1993). 

Occupational Safety and Health:  Changes Needed in the Combined
Federal-State Approach (GAO/T-HRD-94-3, Oct.  20, 1993). 

Occupational Safety and Health:  Uneven Protections Provided to
Congressional Employees (GAO/HRD-93-1, Oct.  2, 1992). 

Occupational Safety and Health:  Improvements Needed in OSHA's
Monitoring of Federal Agencies' Programs (GAO/HRD-92-97, Aug.  28,
1992). 

Occupational Safety and Health:  Worksite Safety and Health Programs
Show Promise (GAO/HRD-92-68, May 19, 1992). 

Occupational Safety and Health:  Options to Improve Hazard-Abatement
Procedures in the Workplace (GAO/HRD-92-105, May 12, 1992). 

Occupational Safety and Health:  Employers' Experiences in Complying
With the Hazard Communication Standard (GAO/HRD-92-63BR, May 8,
1992). 

Occupational Safety and Health:  Penalties for Violations Are Well
Below Maximum Allowable Penalties (GAO/HRD-92-48, Apr.  6, 1992). 

Occupational Safety and Health:  OSHA Action Needed to Improve
Compliance With Hazard Communication Standard (GAO/HRD-92-8, Nov. 
26, 1991). 

Occupational Safety and Health:  OSHA Policy Changes Needed to
Confirm That Employers Abate Serious Hazards (GAO/HRD-91-35, May 8,
1991). 


*** End of document. ***