Federal Law Enforcement: Investigative Authority and Personnel at 32
Organizations (Letter Report, 07/22/97, GAO/GGD-97-93).

This report, the third and final in a series on federal law enforcement
investigative personnel and authority, discusses federal organizations
identified in a November 1995 testimony (GAO/T-GGD-96-38) as employing
from 25 to 699 law enforcement investigative personnel. GAO provides
information on (1) the types of violations that these organizations
investigate; (2) the authorities under which these organizations
investigate suspected federal criminal law violations, execute search
warrants, make arrests, and carry firearms; (3) the number of law
enforcement investigative personnel in these organizations as of
September 30, 1996, and the number of these personnel who were
authorized to execute search warrants, make arrests, and carry firearms;
and (4) how the number of law enforcement investigative personnel in
these organizations has changed since the end of fiscal year 1987.

--------------------------- Indexing Terms -----------------------------

 REPORTNUM:  GGD-97-93
     TITLE:  Federal Law Enforcement: Investigative Authority and 
             Personnel at 32 Organizations
      DATE:  07/22/97
   SUBJECT:  Law enforcement agencies
             Statutory law
             Law enforcement personnel
             Human resources utilization
             Arrests
             Investigations by federal agencies
             Crimes or offenses
             Search and seizure
IDENTIFIER:  OPM Central Personnel Data File
             
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Cover
================================================================ COVER


Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Crime, Committee on the
Judiciary, House of Representatives

July 1997

FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT -
INVESTIGATIVE AUTHORITY AND
PERSONNEL AT 32 ORGANIZATIONS

GAO/GGD-97-93

Investigative Authority and Personnel

(182030)


Abbreviations
=============================================================== ABBREV

  AFOSI - Air Force Office of Special Investigations
  CPDF - Central Personnel Data File
  DOD - Department of Defense
  EPA - Environmental Protection Agency
  FDA - Food and Drug Administration
  FDIC - Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
  GSA - General Services Administration
  HHS - Department of Health and Human Services
  HUD - Department of Housing and Urban Development
  NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  OIG - Office of Inspector General
  OLMS - Office of Labor Management Standards
  OPM - U.S.  Office of Personnel Management
  SBA - Small Business Administration
  SSA - Social Security Administration
  UCMJ - Uniform Code of Military Justice
  USDA - U.S.  Department of Agriculture
  VA - Department of Veterans Affairs

Letter
=============================================================== LETTER


B-275221

July 22, 1997

The Honorable Bill McCollum
Chairman, Subcommittee on Crime
Committee on the Judiciary
House of Representatives

Dear Mr.  Chairman: 

This report responds to your September 18, 1995, request that we
provide information on federal law enforcement investigative
personnel and authority.  In meetings with your office, we agreed to
conduct our work in three parts.  First, in a November 15, 1995,
testimony before your Subcommittee,\1 we provided information on the
organizations authorized to investigate suspected criminal violations
of federal law, the number of investigative personnel employed by
those organizations and their related salary costs, and previous
information we had developed on jurisdictional overlap.  Second, in a
report dated September 30, 1996,\2 we provided additional information
on the federal organizations that employed 700 or more law
enforcement investigative personnel. 

This report is the third and final in the series, and it provides
information on federal organizations identified in our November 1995
testimony as employing from 25 to 699 law enforcement investigative
personnel.  Specifically, we provide information on (1) the types of
violations that these organizations investigate; (2) the authorities
under which these organizations investigate suspected federal
criminal law violations, execute search warrants, make arrests,
and/or carry firearms; (3) the number of law enforcement
investigative personnel in these organizations as of September 30,
1996, and the number of these personnel who were authorized to
execute search warrants, make arrests, and/or carry firearms; and (4)
how the number of law enforcement investigative personnel in these
organizations has changed since the end of fiscal year 1987. 


--------------------
\1 Federal Law Enforcement:  Information on Certain Agencies'
Criminal Investigative Personnel and Salary Costs (GAO/T-GGD-96-38,
Nov.  15, 1995). 

\2 Federal Law Enforcement:  Investigative Authority and Personnel at
13 Agencies (GAO/GGD-96-154, Sept.  30, 1996). 


   BACKGROUND
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :1

The growth of federal law enforcement has been evolutionary.  In
1789, the position of the U.S.  Marshal and the U.S.  Customs Service
were created.  Since then, additional law enforcement organizations
have been established in response to new laws and expanding
jurisdictions for federal officers.  For example, the Federal Bureau
of Investigation was created in 1908 to be the investigative force of
the Department of Justice.  The Internal Revenue Service's criminal
investigators were established in 1919 in the Bureau of Internal
Revenue.  More recently, in the 1970s, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco
and Firearms; the Drug Enforcement Administration; and the criminal
investigators of the Offices of Inspector General (OIG) were added to
the ranks of federal law enforcement. 

In our September 1996 report, we provided information on the 13
organizations that employed 700 or more law enforcement investigative
personnel.  Ten of these organizations employed 38,739 law
enforcement investigative personnel (over 90 percent of the law
enforcement investigative personnel identified in our November 1995
testimony).  This report provides information on an additional 32
federal organizations that employed about 9 percent of the law
enforcement investigative personnel identified in our 1995 testimony. 


   RESULTS IN BRIEF
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :2

We analyzed data maintained by the U.S.  Office of Personnel
Management (OPM) in its Central Personnel Data File (CPDF) and
surveyed federal organizations employing from 25 to 699 law
enforcement investigative personnel.  On the basis of this
information, we determined that employees meeting our definition of
law enforcement investigative personnel were located in 32
organizations.  Twenty of these federal organizations are OIGs, whose
responsibilities include criminal investigations.  The remaining 12
federal organizations are responsible for investigating a variety of
criminal violations.  These 32 organizations reported that they
investigate a variety of suspected criminal violations, ranging from
food stamp trafficking to Social Security fraud, and that they derive
their authority primarily from statutory provisions set out in the
U.S.  Code. 

In addition, the 32 organizations reported that at the end of fiscal
year 1996, they employed 4,262 law enforcement investigative
personnel.  Of these law enforcement investigative personnel, they
reported that 4,007 (about 94 percent) were authorized to execute
search warrants, make arrests, and carry firearms. 

Between the ends of fiscal years 1987 and 1996, CPDF data show the
number of law enforcement investigative personnel at the 32
organizations increased about 70 percent, overall.  Most of this
increase was caused by growth in the numbers of law enforcement
investigative personnel at 18 of the organizations.  Also, some of
the increase was caused by the establishment of four of the federal
organizations after fiscal year 1987.  The remainder of the increase
was the result of changes that caused personnel in four existing
organizations to meet our criteria for inclusion after fiscal year
1987.  Specifically, in three of these four organizations, the
increase occurred because some existing employees became covered by
the law enforcement retirement system.  The fourth organization
reclassified the positions of its existing employees into one of the
investigative occupational series used in this report. 


   SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :3

Our 1996 report focused on those federal organizations employing at
least 700 law enforcement investigative personnel.  For this report,
you requested that we gather comparable information for those federal
organizations identified in the March 31, 1995, CPDF as employing
from 25 to 699 law enforcement investigative personnel.\3 In total,
there were 32 such federal organizations, which are listed in
appendix I. 

Consistent with our previous work, we defined "law enforcement
investigative personnel" as those personnel employed in occupational
series that significantly involve investigative work and that meet
the definition of "law enforcement officer" in section 5541(3) of
Title 5 of the U.S.  Code for the purposes of certain premium pay
provisions.\4

To obtain information on the types of criminal violations that the
organizations investigated, the organizations' investigative
authority, and the authority of the organizations' law enforcement
investigative personnel to execute search warrants, make arrests,
and/or carry firearms, we administered a survey to the 32
organizations.  We also used the survey to obtain 1996 fiscal
year-end data on the number of law enforcement investigative
personnel who were employed by these organizations and authorized to
perform certain law enforcement functions.  We reviewed the
organizations' survey responses for completeness and consistency. 

We used CPDF data, and also organization data for Labor's Office of
Labor Management Standards and the Air Force's Office of Special
Investigations (end of fiscal year 1991 only), to determine how the
number of law enforcement investigative personnel in the 32
organizations had changed since fiscal year 1987.  We used CPDF data
from the ends of fiscal years 1987, 1991, 1995, and 1996.\5 We
focused our analysis on these fiscal years because consistent CPDF
data were not readily available before fiscal year 1987, we wanted
the data we used to be consistent with our previous work, and we
wanted to obtain the most recent data available. 

In addition to the 32 organizations reviewed for this report, we also
obtained September 30, 1996, CPDF data for the 13 organizations
reviewed in our September 1996 report.  We obtained these data to
update our 1996 report.  These 13 organizations employed about 45,400
law enforcement investigative personnel as of September 30, 1996. 
(See app.  VI.)

We did not independently verify the accuracy of the information
provided by the organizations or obtained from the CPDF.  However, we
discussed with organization officials the discrepancies between the
September 30, 1996, CPDF data and the September 30, 1996, data
provided by the organizations.  We were able to resolve most of the
discrepancies, but the remaining differences accounted for about 1
percent of the total number of personnel. 

We did our work between October 1996 and May 1997 in Washington,
D.C., in accordance with generally accepted government auditing
standards.  We discussed the contents of this report with officials
from each of the organizations listed in appendix I.  We requested
comments on a draft of this report from the Director of OPM or his
designee.  OPM's comments are discussed at the end of this report. 


--------------------
\3 The Subcommittee also requested that we report on agency
organizations that in the aggregate employ 25 or more law enforcement
investigative personnel.  Department of the Navy organizations
appeared to meet this criterion on the basis of CPDF data used in our
November 1995 testimony.  However, according to an official at Navy,
the Navy organizations had erroneously coded the data reported to
OPM, resulting in an overstatement of the number of Navy law
enforcement investigative personnel.  Because the actual total of its
law enforcement investigative personnel was fewer than 25, we
excluded the Navy organizations from this report.  (The Naval
Criminal Investigative Service was included in our Sept.  1996
report.)

\4 For the purposes of certain premium pay provisions, section
5541(3) of Title 5 provides that the term "law enforcement officer"
means an employee who meets the definition of "law enforcement
officer" under the retirement provisions of section 8331(20) or
8401(17) of Title 5.  In addition, the section 5541(3) definition
also includes an employee who is not subject to such retirement
provisions but holds a position that OPM determines would satisfy
certain statutory criteria.  Certain employees serving in supervisory
or administrative law enforcement positions, but who are not covered
by the law enforcement retirement provisions (because they did not
transfer directly to those jobs from a federal primary law
enforcement position), were not included within the scope of our
survey. 

\5 These data were obtained directly from Labor's Office of Labor
Management Standards and the Air Force's Office of Special
Investigations (end of fiscal year 1991 only) because, according to
organization officials, reliable data had not been reported to OPM. 


   TYPES OF SUSPECTED VIOLATIONS
   INVESTIGATED BY FEDERAL
   ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR LAW
   ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :4

Each of the 32 organizations we surveyed reported it has a designated
law enforcement mission and is responsible for investigating a
variety of suspected criminal violations (see app.  II).  Each
organization's investigative authority, as well as the authority of
its personnel to execute search warrants, make arrests, and/or carry
firearms, is generally derived from statute (see app.  III).  Their
criminal investigative authorities are generally implemented through
regulations, policies, or interagency agreements. 

Twenty of the 32 organizations are OIGs whose responsibilities
include criminal investigative functions.  For example, the
Department of Agriculture's (USDA) OIG reported it investigates
criminal activity and significant abuse within USDA's 300 programs. 
These activities and abuses range from food stamp trafficking and
food safety violations to assault, bribery, and conflicts of interest
involving USDA employees. 

The remaining 12 organizations reported they are responsible for
investigating a variety of criminal violations.  For example: 

  -- The Bureau of Indian Affairs' Office of Law Enforcement
     investigates crimes committed on or involving Indian country. 

  -- Labor's Office of Labor Management Standards principally
     investigates criminal violations of the Labor-Management
     Disclosure Act, including union funds embezzlement, false
     reports and records, destruction of records, labor union
     trusteeship crimes, illegal loans, and prohibited union
     office-holding or employment. 

  -- The Air Force's Office of Special Investigations investigates
     offenses committed by individuals subject to the Uniform Code of
     Military Justice (UCMJ).  These offenses include the punitive
     articles of the UCMJ, violations of federal criminal law, and
     violations of state laws made applicable to military members by
     the Assimilative Crimes Act. 


   LAW ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIVE
   PERSONNEL AUTHORIZED TO PERFORM
   CERTAIN INVESTIGATIVE FUNCTIONS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :5

The 32 organizations reported employing a total of 4,262 law
enforcement investigative personnel as of the end of fiscal year
1996.  As shown in appendix IV, the percentage of these personnel
authorized to perform the various law enforcement functions varied by
organization.  At 20 of the organizations, all law enforcement
investigative personnel were reported to be authorized to execute
search warrants, make arrests, and carry firearms.  However, Labor's
Office of Labor Management Standards reported that none of its 165
law enforcement investigative personnel was authorized to perform
these functions.  In total, about 94 percent (4,007) of the law
enforcement investigative personnel were authorized to execute search
warrants, make arrests, and carry firearms. 


   CHANGES IN THE NUMBER OF LAW
   ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIVE
   PERSONNEL BETWEEN FISCAL YEARS
   1987 AND 1996
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :6

Overall, the number of law enforcement investigative personnel in the
32 federal organizations that met our definition increased between
fiscal years 1987 and 1996.  CPDF data, combined with organization
data for Labor's Office of Labor Management Standards and the Air
Force's Office of Special Investigations (end of fiscal year 1991
only), showed that as of September 30, 1996, 4,204 law enforcement
investigative personnel were employed in the organizations, which is
about a 70-percent increase over the 2,471 personnel employed on
September 30, 1987.\6

Most of this increase was caused by growth in the numbers of law
enforcement investigative personnel at 18 of the organizations (see
app.  V).  Also, some of the increase was caused by the establishment
of the following four organizations after 1987: 

  -- Justice's OIG was authorized by Congress in 1988 and established
     in 1989. 

  -- The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's OIG was established
     in 1988. 

  -- The Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Criminal
     Investigations, which is within the Department's Food and Drug
     Administration, was established in 1992. 

  -- The Social Security Administration's OIG was established in
     1995. 

However, the remainder of the increase was the result of changes that
caused law enforcement investigative personnel in four other federal
organizations to meet our criteria for inclusion after fiscal year
1987.  First, in the Bureau of Land Management's Law Enforcement, the
increase occurred because some existing employees became covered by
the law enforcement retirement system.  Second, in Labor's Office of
Labor Management Standards, personnel were not covered by the law
enforcement retirement system until 1992.  However, according to a
Labor official, before 1992, qualified investigative personnel could
apply for such coverage.  Third, in the Department of the Army's Army
Criminal Investigation Command, coverage under the law enforcement
retirement pay system did not begin until 1993.  Finally, in 1994,
the U.S.  Forest Service's Law Enforcement and Investigations
reclassified the positions of its existing law enforcement personnel
specifically into law enforcement investigative positions. 


--------------------
\6 This total of 4,204 law enforcement investigative personnel
differs from the September 30, 1996, total reported to us in the
surveys completed by the organizations, which was 4,262.  The CPDF
and survey data cannot be completely reconciled; however, the data
differ by only about 1 percent. 


   AGENCY COMMENTS
------------------------------------------------------------ Letter :7

On June 24, 1997, the pay team leader from OPM's Office of
Compensation Policy provided oral comments on a draft of this report. 
The official generally agreed with the information presented in this
report and provided technical comments that we incorporated where
appropriate. 


---------------------------------------------------------- Letter :7.1

We are sending copies of this report to the Ranking Minority Member
of your Subcommittee and the Chairman and Ranking Minority Member of
the Senate Committee on the Judiciary.  We will also make copies
available to others on request. 

The major contributors to this report are listed in appendix VII. 
Please give me a call on (202) 512-3610 if you have any questions
about this report. 

Sincerely yours,

Norman J.  Rabkin
Director, Administration of
 Justice Issues


THE 32 SELECTED LAW ENFORCEMENT
ORGANIZATIONS
=========================================================== Appendix I

The names of the 32 law enforcement organizations that we surveyed
are listed below: 

Department of Agriculture, Office of Inspector General

Department of Agriculture, U.S.  Forest Service, Law Enforcement and
Investigations

Department of the Air Force, Air Force Office of Special
Investigations

Department of the Army, U.S.  Army Criminal Investigation Command

Department of Commerce, Bureau of Export Administration, Office of
Export Enforcement

Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Staff Office for
Law Enforcement

Department of Defense, Office of Inspector General

Department of Education, Office of Inspector General

Department of Energy, Office of Inspector General

Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug
Administration, Office of Criminal Investigations

Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General

Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Inspector
General

Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Office of Law
Enforcement

Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Law
Enforcement

Department of the Interior, Office of Inspector General

Department of the Interior, U.S.  Fish and Wildlife Service, Division
of Law Enforcement

Department of Justice, Office of the Inspector General

Department of Labor, Office of Inspector General

Department of Labor, Office of Labor Management Standards

Department of State, Office of Inspector General

Department of Transportation, Office of Inspector General

Department of the Treasury, Office of Inspector General

Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Inspector General

Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Criminal Enforcement,
Forensics and Training

Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Inspector General

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Office of Inspector General

General Services Administration, Office of Inspector General

General Services Administration, Public Buildings Service, Federal
Protective Service

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Inspector
General

Small Business Administration, Office of Inspector General

Social Security Administration, Office of Inspector General

U.S.  Railroad Retirement Board, Office of Inspector General


SELECTED LAW ENFORCEMENT
ORGANIZATIONS' INVESTIGATIVE
RESPONSIBILITIES
========================================================== Appendix II

Law enforcement
organization               Type of criminal violations investigated
-------------------------  -----------------------------------------------------
Department of Agriculture (USDA)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. Forest Service, Law   The U.S. Forest Service, Law Enforcement and
Enforcement and            Investigations, is responsible for investigating
Investigations             offenses against the United States that occur within
                           or have a nexus to the National Forest System. The
                           types of investigations and enforcement actions in
                           which the Forest Service is involved include the
                           following: minor misdemeanor offenses found in Title
                           36 of the Code of Federal Regulations and major
                           crimes related to National Forest System lands,
                           facilities, and activities found in Titles 18 and 21
                           of the U.S. Code.

                           Investigations involve wildland fire/arson, timber
                           theft, theft and/or destruction of archeological
                           resources of a historical or prehistoric nature,
                           destruction of resources, and contract fraud. Drug
                           enforcement investigations are performed under the
                           authority of the National Forest System Drug Control
                           Act of 1986, as amended, to detect and prevent the
                           cultivation and manufacturing of marijuana on
                           National Forest System lands. Investigations also
                           include other environmental and wildlife crimes,
                           illegal occupancy of National Forest System lands,
                           theft of natural resources, and threats and assaults
                           against Forest Service employees.

Office of Inspector        The USDA OIG investigates criminal activity and
General                    significant abuse within the Department's 300
(OIG)                      different programs. These crimes include the
                           following: food stamp trafficking (which often
                           involves drug and weapons trafficking and other
                           related illegal financial activity, such as money
                           laundering); food safety violations, including the
                           processing, transportation, and sale of adulterated
                           meat and poultry products and tampering with USDA-
                           inspected food products; USDA farm loan fraud,
                           including theft and conversion of property owned by
                           or mortgaged to USDA; false certifications and claims
                           in federal crop insurance, disaster, export and other
                           farm programs; rural housing violations, such as
                           equity skimming and contractor fraud; assault and
                           bribery of USDA loan officers and inspectors/graders
                           of meat, grain and other commodities; embezzlements,
                           thefts, and conflicts of interest involving USDA
                           employees; alteration and forgery of official
                           documents; conspiracy; and other illegal activities
                           involving USDA programs and operations. The USDA OIG
                           also provides dignitary protection services to the
                           Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Agriculture.


Department of the Interior
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau of Indian           The Bureau of Indian Affairs, Office of Law
Affairs,                   Enforcement has investigative responsibilities for
Office of Law              crimes committed on, or involving, Indian country.
Enforcement                These crimes include (1) major federal crimes under
                           Title 18 U.S.C. 1153 and (2) state crimes
                           assimilated into the federal statutes under Title 18
                           U.S.C. 1153 and state crimes assimilated into the
                           federal statutes under Title 18 U.S.C. 1152,
                           including, but not limited to, murder; manslaughter;
                           child sexual abuse; kidnapping; rape; assault with a
                           dangerous weapon; assault with intent to commit
                           murder; assault resulting in serious bodily injury;
                           arson; burglary; robbery; counterfeiting;
                           embezzlement; organized criminal enterprises
                           affecting gaming and gambling operations; the
                           production, sale, or distribution of illegal
                           narcotics, drugs, and marijuana within Indian
                           country; and violations of many other federal
                           statutes when the offense occurs in Indian country.
                           In many cases, Bureau officials also enforce tribal
                           laws and ordinances.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife     The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Law
Service,                   Enforcement, is responsible for investigating
Division of Law            violations of U.S. wildlife laws. The Service is also
Enforcement                responsible for offenses committed on the National
                           Wildlife Refuge System. The Service investigates
                           offenses involving federal wildlife laws,
                           environmental crimes, archaeological resource
                           protection, smuggling, and drug enforcement on
                           Service lands.

Bureau of Land             The Bureau of Land Management, Law Enforcement, is
Management,                responsible for the following types of violations as
Law Enforcement            they relate to federal lands administered by the
                           Bureau: archaeological resources, wild horses and
                           burros, recreation use fees, cave resources, fish and
                           wildlife, National Trails use, National Wild and
                           Scenic Rivers use, grazing, unlawful enclosures,
                           migratory birds, endangered species, bald and golden
                           eagles, Native American graves, oil and gas leasing,
                           minerals leasing, hazardous materials, clean water,
                           property theft and vandalism, coal theft, timber
                           theft and damage, wildland arson and fire prevention,
                           survey interference, land fraud, hazardous devices,
                           marijuana cultivation and drug labs, subsistence
                           hunting in Alaska, motorized and off-road vehicle
                           use, recreation restrictions, and various other land
                           use restrictions.

Office of Inspector        The Interior OIG is responsible for investigating
General                    bribery, graft, and conflicts of interest; false
                           claims; conspiracy to defraud; embezzlement and
                           theft; program fraud; false statements; crimes
                           involving Indians (to include embezzlement and theft
                           from Indian tribal organizations and thefts from
                           gaming establishments on Indian lands); mail fraud;
                           wire fraud; racketeering; and other alleged
                           violations of criminal, civil, and administrative
                           regulations against Interior's programs and
                           operations.

Department of Defense      The DOD OIG is responsible for investigating fraud
(DOD),                     involving Defense contractors; fraud in the programs
Office of Inspector        and operations of DOD; and product substitution,
General                    health care fraud, cost mischarging, bribery,
                           corruption, kickbacks, false claims, and false
                           statements.


Department of Labor
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Office of Inspector        The Labor OIG has the responsibility to investigate
General                    fraud, abuse, and other criminal activity that
                           involves Labor employees, programs, and operations.
                           This responsibility includes investigative authority
                           over serious Labor employee integrity and misconduct
                           matters and other criminal violations that occur
                           within Labor's contract, grant, and benefit programs
                           administered by over 24 program agencies. Some of the
                           more significant Labor programs that receive
                           investigative attention by the Labor OIG include the
                           Unemployment Insurance Program; the Job Training
                           Partnership Act Program; the Federal Employees'
                           Compensation Act Program, with its related Black Lung
                           and Longshoremen's compensation benefit programs; and
                           programs administered by the Occupational Safety and
                           Health Administration.

                           The Labor OIG also has the responsibility to
                           investigate traditional and nontraditional organized
                           crime groups' labor racketeering activity related to
                           employee health and welfare benefit plans, labor-
                           management relations, and internal union affairs.
                           This responsibility includes possible violations of
                           the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, the
                           Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, and
                           other labor-related statutes.

Office of Labor            The Office of Labor Management Standards' principal
Management                 activity is the investigation of criminal violations
Standards                  of the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act,
                           including union funds embezzlement, false reporting,
                           false records, destruction of records, labor union
                           trusteeship crimes, failure to bond, illegal loans,
                           and prohibited union office-holding or employment. In
                           addition, agency investigations often identify
                           related criminal violations of federal statutes under
                           Title 18 of the United States Code, which are
                           investigated under authority delegated by U.S.
                           Attorneys.


Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Office of Inspector        The HHS OIG is responsible for investigating fraud
General                    and other criminal activity in programs and
                           operations of the Department, including fraud and
                           other criminal activity in the Medicare and Medicaid
                           programs.

Food and Drug              The FDA Office of Criminal Investigations
Administration             investigates suspected criminal violations of the
(FDA), Office of           Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act; the Public
Criminal                   Health Service Act; the Federal Anti-Tampering Act;
Investigations             and provisions of other laws within the jurisdiction
                           of FDA. These criminal investigations cover:
                           counterfeit or unapproved prescription drugs; illegal
                           diversion of prescription pharmaceuticals and other
                           products; unapproved or misbranded medical devices,
                           drugs, biological products, and veterinary drug
                           products; crimes relating to the improper
                           manufacturing, labeling, or distribution of drugs,
                           foods, devices, biological products such as vaccines
                           and blood, and veterinary drug products; product
                           approval application fraud; clinical investigation
                           fraud; illegal product ingredient substitution;
                           tampering with consumer products; trafficking in
                           adulterated or misbranded foods or drugs; hazardous
                           drug residues in food animals; and health care frauds
                           related to FDA regulated products.


Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Office of Criminal         The Office of Criminal Enforcement, Forensics and
Enforcement,               Training is responsible for investigating alleged
Forensics and Training     criminal violations of EPA-administered environmental
                           protection statutes. For example, these violations
                           include mishandling of hazardous waste, unpermitted
                           water pollution, misuse of pesticides, failure to
                           report releases of hazardous substances, violations
                           of hazardous air pollutant standards, and false
                           statements in reports made pursuant to requirements
                           in the environmental laws.

Office of Inspector        The EPA OIG is responsible for investigating fraud
General                    and other criminal activity in programs and
                           operations of the Agency. The EPA OIG investigates
                           allegations or indications of fraud and other
                           criminal activity in EPA programs and operations by
                           EPA employees and by EPA contractors, subcontractors,
                           assistance recipients, and others who do business
                           with the Agency. Some of the crimes that the EPA OIG
                           investigates include false claims, false statements,
                           conflict of interest, bribery of EPA employees,
                           extortion by EPA employees, obstruction of justice,
                           mail fraud, falsification or forgery of contractor
                           bids or guarantees, theft of government property,
                           misuse of public funds, antitrust violations, false
                           personation, and aiding and abetting.

Department of the Air      The Air Force Office of Special Investigations
Force,                     (AFOSI) has the authority to investigate significant
Air Force Office of        offenses committed by individuals subject to the
Special Investigations     Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) wherever the
                           offense is committed. These offenses could be
                           violations of the punitive articles of the UCMJ,
                           violations of federal criminal law, or violations of
                           state law made applicable to military members by the
                           federal Assimilative Crimes Act. These offenses
                           include crimes such as murder, child abuse,
                           espionage, rape, theft, bribery, embezzlement,
                           forgery, perjury, and robbery.

                           AFOSI also has the authority to investigate
                           violations of federal criminal laws by individuals
                           not subject to the UCMJ, if these offenses are
                           committed against Air Force resources or using Air
                           Force resources. These offenses typically occur on
                           Air Force installations and frequently involve Air
                           Force civilian employees or contractors.

                           Under the Inspector General Act, AFOSI may also
                           investigate when Air Force contractors commit fraud
                           offenses that are prohibited by federal law. This
                           covers a broad spectrum of fraud offenses, including
                           environmental offenses committed by contractors.


Department of Commerce
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National Oceanic and       The National Marine Fisheries Service, Staff Office
Atmospheric                for Law Enforcement, is responsible for investigating
Administration,            fish and wildlife violations subject to the
National Marine            provisions of the Lacey Act, the Marine Mammal
Fisheries                  Protection Act, and the Endangered Species Act, which
Service, Staff Office      carry a criminal sanction.
for Law Enforcement

Bureau of Export           The Bureau of Export Administration, Office of Export
Administration, Office     Enforcement, investigates criminal dual-use export
of                         control violations arising out of national security
Export Enforcement         and foreign policy controls imposed under the Export
                           Administration Act and the Export Administration
                           Regulations. In conducting these investigations, the
                           Office of Export Enforcement seeks to deter the
                           proliferation of weapons of mass destruction to
                           countries and end-users of concern. The Office
                           protects U.S. national security, foreign policy, and
                           economic interests by interdicting illegal exports
                           and assisting the Department of Justice in
                           prosecuting violators. Other duties include the
                           investigation of export violations pertaining to the
                           Chemical Weapons Convention and counterterrorism.
                           Additionally, the Office has sole responsibility for
                           the criminal enforcement of the Fastener Quality Act.

Social Security            The SSA OIG is responsible for investigating fraud
Administration             involving Social Security programs and operations.
(SSA), Office of           The following types of violations are examples of
Inspector                  those commonly investigated by the SSA OIG, either
General                    alone or jointly with other agencies: aiding and
                           abetting, bribery of a public official, conflict of
                           interest, fraudulent claims, conspiring to defraud
                           the United States, embezzlement, false statements or
                           entries, fraud in connection with identification
                           documents, computer fraud, mail fraud, wire fraud,
                           Social Security fraud, and supplemental Social
                           Security income fraud.


General Services Administration (GSA)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Buildings           The Public Buildings Service, Federal Protective
Service,                   Service, is responsible for investigating all crimes
Federal Protective         and incidents that occur on GSA-controlled
Service                    facilities. These crimes and incidents include any
                           federal criminal offense with a nexus to GSA's
                           responsibility, which can include murder, rape,
                           aggravated assault, theft of government property,
                           narcotics violation, weapons and explosives offenses,
                           child abuse, and threats against federal employees
                           and visitors to GSA facilities.

Office of Inspector        The GSA OIG has broad investigative authority over
General                    all criminal, civil, and administrative violations of
                           law, rule, and/or regulations associated with
                           programs, operations, and/or personnel of GSA. The
                           GSA OIG emphasizes and places special expertise on
                           the investigation and enforcement of criminal
                           statutes associated with financial crime, white-
                           collar crime, and public corruption impacting the
                           integrity and effectiveness of GSA's mission within
                           the federal government.

Department of Justice,     The Justice OIG is responsible for investigating (1)
Office of                  allegations of waste, fraud, and abuse involving
the Inspector General      Justice programs and activities, including
                           allegations involving entities contracting with or
                           receiving benefits from the Department, and (2)
                           allegations of misconduct on the part of Department
                           employees (in components other than the Federal
                           Bureau of Investigation and the Drug Enforcement
                           Administration), including allegations of misconduct
                           involving Department attorneys and investigators that
                           do not relate to attorneys' authority to litigate,
                           investigate, or provide legal advice.

                           Specific types of cases that have been investigated
                           by the Justice OIG include theft of government
                           property, theft of inmate or detainee property,
                           embezzlement, contractor fraud, time and attendance
                           fraud, Immigration and Naturalization Service
                           document fraud, mail fraud, drug and narcotics
                           offenses, weapons law violations, sex offenses,
                           bribery, alien smuggling, deprivation of rights under
                           color of law, unauthorized release of official
                           information, physical abuse, obstruction of justice,
                           smuggling of contraband into a prison facility,
                           possession of contraband in a prison facility,
                           murder, assisting in an attempted escape, flight to
                           avoid prosecution, failure to perform duties, and
                           conflicts of interest.

Department of Housing and  The HUD OIG is responsible for investigating the
Urban                      following: (1) fraud involving HUD transactions and
Development (HUD), Office  programs, including loans, grants, and contracts; (2)
of                         fraud and criminal activity related to public,
Inspector General          Indian, and assisted housing; single-family housing;
                           multifamily housing; and community planning and
                           development; and (3) fraud and misconduct committed
                           by HUD employees. Moreover, the HUD OIG coordinates
                           with federal, state, and local law enforcement
                           officials to investigate violent criminal offenses
                           (e.g., drugs and firearms) involving public, Indian,
                           and assisted housing.

Department of the Army,    The U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command is
U.S. Army                  responsible for investigating certain Army-related
Criminal Investigation     felonies, such as mutiny and sedition, murder, rape,
Command                    theft of government property, robbery, burglary, drug
                           offenses, kidnapping, and major procurement fraud
                           violations.

Department of Education,   The Education OIG investigates fraud involving
Office                     financial institutions, mail fraud, bank fraud, fraud
of Inspector General       and embezzlement involving federal student aid
                           programs, and federal employee misconduct.

Department of              The Transportation OIG is responsible for
Transportation,            investigating federal criminal violations relating to
Office of Inspector        programs, operations, and employees of Transportation
General                    and for preventing and detecting fraud and abuse in
                           such programs and operations. The types of federal
                           criminal violations that the Transportation OIG is
                           responsible for investigating include the following:
                           (1) false certifications made to Transportation
                           regulators, such as the Federal Aviation
                           Administration (e.g., unapproved aircraft parts); (2)
                           contract/grant fraud; (3) criminal violations
                           involving hazardous materials transportation; (4)
                           theft and embezzlement; (5) highway construction bid-
                           rigging or price-fixing; (6) false claims; (7)
                           evasion of motor fuel excise tax; and (8) other fraud
                           against the government (e.g., Worker's Compensation
                           fraud).

Department of Veterans     The Veterans Affairs OIG is responsible for
Affairs,                   investigating violations of federal law relating to
Office of Inspector        the programs and operations of the Department. These
General                    violations involve fraud, waste, and abuse in the
                           areas of health care, procurement, and entitlement
                           programs. More specifically, the types of
                           investigations covered by the Veterans Affairs OIG
                           include the following: bribery and kickbacks, product
                           substitutions, theft of government property, loan
                           origination fraud, patient abuse and homicide, and
                           fraud by third-party health care providers.

Federal Deposit            The FDIC OIG is responsible for conducting
Insurance                  investigations of criminal and other prohibited
Corporation (FDIC),        activities that (1) cause or could potentially result
Office of                  in financial losses to FDIC or the Federal Deposit
Inspector General          Insurance Fund or (2) would otherwise adversely
                           impact the operations of FDIC and the financial
                           institutions under its control. Some of the more
                           common areas of investigation include the following:
                           concealment of assets by individuals attempting to
                           avoid repayment of debts to FDIC, fraud and false
                           claims by FDIC contractors, and fraud in the purchase
                           or sale of FDIC assets. The FDIC OIG is also
                           responsible for conducting criminal and
                           administrative investigations of alleged misconduct
                           by FDIC employees.

National Aeronautics and   The NASA OIG is responsible for investigating fraud
Space                      against the government (especially procurement
Administration (NASA),     fraud); bribes; kickbacks and conflicts of interest;
Office                     false statements; false claims; theft, embezzlement,
of Inspector General       conversion, and misuse of government property;
                           falsification of travel claims; crime on NASA
                           premises; wire fraud; mail fraud; conspiracy;
                           conspiracy to defraud; computer intrusion; and
                           computer fraud.

Department of Energy,      The Energy OIG is responsible for investigating
Office of                  various violations of law involving Energy Department
Inspector General          programs, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission,
                           the National Laboratories, various Power
                           Administrations, contractors, grantees, and
                           employees. The Energy OIG's investigative efforts
                           include environmental violations, contract fraud,
                           bribery, corruption, stolen Energy Department
                           property, and conspiracy.

Small Business             The SBA OIG investigates fraud involving financial
Administration             institutions, disaster loan fraud, misappropriations
(SBA), Office of           of collateral, fraud involving federal procurements,
Inspector                  bribery of government officials, and threats or
General                    assaults on government employees.

Department of the          The Treasury OIG (1) conducts, controls, and oversees
Treasury,                  the investigation of alleged fraud and abuse
Office of Inspector        regarding Treasury employees, programs, and
General                    operations and (2) oversees the internal
                           investigative programs of the Internal Revenue
                           Service; the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms;
                           the U.S. Customs Service; and the U.S. Secret
                           Service. In addition, the Treasury OIG promotes
                           integrity and fraud awareness among Departmental
                           employees, is responsible for the OIG hotline, and
                           participates in joint fraud prevention and detection
                           surveys with the audit, information technology, and
                           evaluations organizations.

Department of State,       The State Department OIG is responsible for
Office of                  investigations dealing with fraud within the programs
Inspector General          and operations of the State Department, the Arms
                           Control and Disarmament Agency, the U.S. Information
                           Agency, and the Broadcasting Board of Governors.
                           These types of investigations include employee
                           embezzlement, theft, and corruption; visa and
                           passport fraud; and contractor fraud.

U.S. Railroad Retirement   The Railroad Retirement Board OIG is responsible for
Board,                     investigating the theft of government funds, forgery,
Office of Inspector        mail fraud, conspiracy, false statements, and false
General                    claims.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LEGEND:
 U.S.C.  - United States Code
  - Section

Source:  Law enforcement organization responses to GAO survey. 


PRIMARY LEGAL AUTHORITIES CITED BY
SELECTED LAW ENFORCEMENT
ORGANIZATIONS AS ENABLING THEM TO
PERFORM CERTAIN INVESTIGATIVE
FUNCTIONS
========================================================= Appendix III

                Authority to
                conduct         Authority to
                criminal        execute                         Authority to
Law                             search          Authority to    carry firearms,
enforcement     investigations  warrants        make arrests    if necessary
organization    (1)             (2)             (3)             (4)
--------------  --------------  --------------  --------------  ----------------
Department of Agriculture
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. Forest     16 U.S.C.       16 U.S.C.       16 U.S.C.       16 U.S.C. 559,
Service, Law    551a, 553,    559c,         559,          559c, 3375(b)
Enforcement     559, 559c,      1338(b),        559c(3),
and             559d(2),        3375(b)         1338(b),
Investigations  559d(5), 559f,                  3375(b)
                559g(c),
                3375(b)

Office of       Inspector       7 U.S.C.        7 U.S.C. 2270  Same as the
Inspector       General Act of  2270; 18                       authority in
General         1978 (5 U.S.C.  U.S.C. 3105                    column 3.
                App. 3);
                Agriculture
                and Food Act
                of 1981 (7
                U.S.C. 2270)


Department of the Interior
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau of       25 U.S.C.       25 U.S.C.       25 U.S.C.       25 U.S.C.
Indian          Chapter 30      2803(2)        2803(3)        2803(1)
Affairs,        (specifically,
Office of Law   2803)
Enforcement


U.S. Fish and   Migratory Bird  Lacey Act (16   Same as the     Lacey Act (16
Wildlife        Treaty Act (16  U.S.C. 3371-  authority in    U.S.C. 3371-
Service,        U.S.C. 703-   3378);          column 2.       3378)
Division of     712);           Endangered
Law             Endangered      Species Act
Enforcement     Species Act     (16 U.S.C.
                (16 U.S.C.      1531-1543);
                1531-1543);   Marine Mammal
                Lacey Act (18   Protection Act
                U.S.C. 42, 16  (16 U.S.C.
                U.S.C. 3371-  1361-1407);
                3378); Eagle    Migratory Bird
                Protection Act  Treaty Act (16
                (16 U.S.C.      U.S.C. 703-
                668 et seq);   712); Airborne
                Marine Mammal   Hunting Act
                Protection Act  (16 U.S.C.
                (16 U.S.C.      742j-1);
                1361-1407);   Migratory Bird
                National        Hunting and
                Wildlife        Conservation
                Refuge System   Stamp Act (16
                Administration  U.S.C. 718f);
                Act of 1966     Eagle
                (16 U.S.C.      Protection Act
                668dd-        (16 U.S.C.
                668ee);         668 et seq);
                Archaeological  National
                Resources       Wildlife
                Protection Act  Refuge System
                (16 U.S.C.      Administration
                704aa); Wild   Act (16 U.S.C.
                Bird            668dd-
                Conservation    668ee)
                Act of 1992
                (16 U.S.C.
                4901);
                African
                Elephant
                Conservation
                Act (16 U.S.C.
                4201-4245)

Bureau of Land  The Federal     Federal Land    Federal Land    Federal Land
Management,     Land Policy     Policy and      Policy and      Policy and
Law             and Management  Management Act  Management Act  Management Act
Enforcement     Act of 1976     (43 U.S.C.      (43 U.S.C.      (43 U.S.C.
                (P.L. 94-579)   1733(c)(1));   1733(c)(1));   1733(c)(1));
                (43 U.S.C.      Wild Free-      Wild Free-      Sikes Act (16
                1733); The     Roaming Horses  Roaming Horses  U.S.C. 670j)
                Wild Free-      and Burros Act  and Burros Act
                Roaming Horses  (16 U.S.C.      (16 U.S.C.
                and Burros Act  1338); Sikes   1338); Sikes
                of 1971 (P.L.   Act (16 U.S.C   Act (16 U.S.C.
                92-195) (16     670j)          670j); Land
                U.S.C. 1338);                  and Water
                The Sikes Act                   Conservation
                of 1960 (P.L.                   Fund Act (16
                86-797) (16                     U.S.C. 460l-
                U.S.C. 670j);                  6a)
                The Land and
                Water
                Conservation
                Fund Act of
                1965 (P.L. 88-
                578) (16
                U.S.C. 460l-
                6a); The
                Federal Oil
                and Gas
                Royalty
                Management Act
                of 1982 (P.L.
                97-451) (30
                U.S.C. 1717)

Office of       Inspector       Inspector       Same as the     Same as the
Inspector       General Act of  General Act of  authority in    authority in
General         1978, as        1978, as        column 2.       column 2.
                amended         amended, and
                                an MOU among
                                the Interior
                                OIG, the
                                Department of
                                Justice, and
                                the FBI, dated
                                September 27,
                                1996

Department of   Inspector       Special         Special         10 U.S.C. 1585
Defense,        General Act of  Deputation; 28  Deputation; 10
Office of       1978, as        C.F.R.          U.S.C. 807(b)
Inspector       amended         60.3(a)(2);
General                         Military Rules
                                of Evidence
                                315(h)(4)


Department of Labor
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Office of       5 U.S.C. App.   MOUs with the   Same as the     Same as the
Inspector       3 (P.L. 95-     Department of   authority in    authority in
General         452)            Justice:        column 2.       column 2.
                                Program Fraud,
                                July 12, 1995;
                                Labor
                                Racketeering,
                                June 26, 1987.
                                Prior to these
                                dates, OIG
                                special agents
                                were deputized
                                on a case-by-
                                case basis.

Office of       29 U.S.C.       N/A             N/A             N/A
Labor           439, 461,
Management      463, 501(c),
Standards       502, 503, 504


Department of Health and Human Services
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Office of       Inspector       Requests        Deputation as   Same as the
Inspector       General Act of  issuance of     Special Deputy  authority in
General         1978 (5 U.S.C.  search          U.S. Marshals.  column 3.
                App. 3),        warrants by
                Health          authority of
                Insurance       28 C.F.R. Part
                Portability     60. Executes
                and             search
                Accountability  warrants
                Act of 1996     pursuant to
                (P.L. 104-      authorities
                191)            conferred by
                                Department of
                                Justice
                                authority as
                                Special Deputy
                                U.S. Marshals.

Food and Drug   21 U.S.C.       21 U.S.C.       21 U.S.C.       21 U.S.C.
Administration  371(a), 372,  372(e)(2); 21  372(e)(2); 21  372(e)(1); 21
,               393(b)(2); 21   C.F.R. 5.35;   C.F.R. 5.35;   C.F.R. 5.35
Office of       C.F.R. 5.35    Fed. R. Crim.   18 U.S.C.
Criminal                        P. 41; 28       3062
Investigations                  C.F.R. 60.2-
                                60.3


Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Office of       18 U.S.C.       18 U.S.C.       Same as the     Same as the
Criminal        3063; (Powers  3063 (Powers   authority in    authority in
Enforcement,    of the          of              column 2.       column 2.
Forensics and   Environmental   Environmental
Training        Protection      Protection
                Agency); also,  Agency). Prior
                criminal        to the
                enforcement     enactment of
                provisions of   3063 in 1988,
                EPA-            EPA's criminal
                administered    investigative
                environmental   personnel
                laws, under     exercised law
                which the       enforcement
                Administrator   powers under
                and her         deputation by
                designees have  the Department
                inherent        of Justice.
                investigative
                authority
                (e.g., Clean
                Air Act (42
                U.S.C. 7413);
                Clean Water
                Act (33 U.S.C.
                1319, 1321);
                Comprehensive
                Environmental
                Response,
                Compensation,
                and Liability
                Act (42 U.S.C.
                9603); Solid
                Waste Disposal
                Act (42 U.S.C.
                6928))

Office of       Inspector       Deputation as   Same as the     Same as the
Inspector       General Act of  Special Deputy  authority in    authority in
General         1978, as        U.S. Marshal    column 2.       column 2.
                amended (5
                U.S.C. App. 3)

Department of   10 U.S.C.       Military Rule   10 U.S.C.       10 U.S.C. 1585,
the Air Force,  8013; Section  of Evidence     807; Rule for  DOD Directive
Air Force       1233 of the     315; 28 C.F.R.  Courts-         5210.56, AFPD
Office of       Department of   60.2 (g),     Martial 302     31-2, Air Force
Special         Defense         (h), 60.3                       Instruction 31-
Investigations  Authorization                                   207
                Act, 1986
                (P.L. 99-
                145); Air
                Force Mission
                Directive 39,
                AFPD 71-1;
                Inspector
                General Act of
                1978, as
                amended (5
                U.S.C. App. 3)


Department of Commerce
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National        16 U.S.C.       Same as the     Same as the     16 U.S.C.
Oceanic and     1531-1544,    authority in    authority in    3371-3378
Atmospheric     3371-3378,      column 1.       column 1.
Administration  1801-1882,
,               1361, et seq.
National
Marine
Fisheries
Service, Staff
Office for Law
Enforcement

Bureau of       Export          50 U.S.C. App.  50 U.S.C. App.  50 U.S.C. App.
Export          Administration  2411(a)(3)(B)  2411(a)(3)(B)  2411(a)(3)(B)
Administration  Act of 1979,    (i). During     (ii). During    (iii). During
, Office of     as amended (50  periods when    periods when    periods when the
Export          U.S.C. App.     the EAA has     the EAA has     EAA has elapsed,
Enforcement     2410-2420);   elapsed,        elapsed,        Office of Export
                Fastener        Office of       Office of       Enforcement
                Quality Act     Export          Export          special agents
                (15 U.S.C.      Enforcement     Enforcement     carry firearms
                5401-5414,    special agents  special agents  under the
                as amended by   execute search  make arrests    authority
                P.L. 104-113    warrants under  under the       provided them
                (Mar. 7,        the authority   authority       through their
                1996)). During  provided them   provided them   designation as
                periods when    through their   through their   Special Deputy
                the EAA         designation as  designation as  U.S. Marshals.
                lapses, the     Special Deputy  Special Deputy
                president       U.S. Marshals.  U.S. Marshals.
                continues the
                system of
                export
                controls
                authorized by
                the EAA
                pursuant to an
                executive
                order issued
                under the
                authority of
                the
                International
                Emergency
                Economic
                Powers Act (50
                U.S.C. 1701-
                1706).

Social          Inspector       MOU between     MOU between     Same as the
Security        General Act of  the Social      Social          authority in
Administration  1978 (5 U.S.C.  Security        Security        column 3.
,               App. 3) as      Administration  Administration
Office of       amended by the  OIG, the        OIG, the
Inspector       Social          Department of   Department of
General         Security        Justice, and    Justice, and
                Independence    the FBI;        the FBI.
                and Program     Social          Social
                Improvements    Security        Security
                Act of 1994     Administration  Administration
                (P.L. 103-      OIG Special     Special Agents
                296); MOU       Agents are      are deputized
                between the     deputized as    as Special
                Social          Special Deputy  Deputy U.S.
                Security        U.S. Marshals   Marshals
                Administration  pursuant to 28  pursuant to 28
                OIG, the        C.F.R.          C.F.R.
                Department of   0.19(a)(3),   0.19(a)(3),
                Justice, and    0.112(d).       0.112(d).
                the FBI, dated  Social
                October 5,      Security
                1995. This MOU  Administration
                was renewed     OIG Special
                with            Agents are
                modifications   authorized to
                on July 31,     request the
                1996.           issuance of a
                                search warrant
                                under 28
                                C.F.R.
                                60.2(p).


General Services Administration
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public          Criminal        40 U.S.C.       Same as the     Same as the
Buildings       Investigative   318, 318d     authority in    authority in
Service,        Personnel                       column 2.       column 2.
Federal         authority: 40
Protective      U.S.C. 318d,
Service         486 (i)

Office of       Inspector       1989            1980            Same as the
Inspector       General Act of  designation by  delegation by   authority in
General         1978, as        the Attorney    the             column 3.
                amended (5      General under   Administrator
                U.S.C. App. 3)  Fed. R. Crim.   of GSA,
                                P. 41(h)        pursuant to 40
                                                U.S.C. 318d

Department of   Inspector       Pursuant to     Same as the     Same as the
Justice,        General Act (5  Attorney        authority in    authority in
Office of       U.S.C. App.     General Order   column 2.       column 2.
the Inspector   3); Attorney    1393-90, the
General         General Order   U.S. Marshals
                1393-90         Service
                                deputizes OIG
                                Special Agents
                                on an annual
                                basis.

Department of   Inspector       Fed. R. Crim.   28 U.S.C. 566  Same as the
Housing and     General Act of  P. 41, 18       and 28 C.F.R.   authority in
Urban           1978, as        U.S.C. 3105    0.19(a)(3),   column 3.
Development,    amended (5                      0.112(d)
Office of       U.S.C. App. 3)                  provide that
Inspector                                       the Attorney
General                                         General may
                                                deputize
                                                special agents
                                                as Special
                                                Deputy U.S.
                                                Marshals.

Department of   Inspector       Inspector       10 U.S.C.       32 C.F.R.
the Army, U.S.  General Act of  General Act of  807(b); AR     632.1; DOD
Army            1978 (5 U.S.C.  1978 (5 U.S.C.  600-40; Rule    Directive
Criminal        App. 3); 10     App. 3); 28     for Courts      5210.56; AR 195-
Investigation   U.S.C.          C.F.R. Part     Martial 302,    2, paragraph 3-
Command         807(b); 28     60, Fed. R.     Manual for      24; AR 190-14;
                U.S.C. 535; 5  Crim. P. 41;    Courts Martial  Criminal
                U.S.C. 301;    AR 195-2,       1984; AR 195-   Investigation
                1996 MOU        paragraph 3-    2, paragraph    Division
                between DOD     22; AR 190-     3-21; Criminal  Regulation 195-
                and the         22; Criminal    Investigation   1, paragraph 3-
                Department of   Investigation   Division        6, and Chapter
                Justice (AR     Division        Regulation      17
                27-10); AR      Regulation      195-1,
                195-2;          195-1,          paragraph
                Criminal        paragraph 3-    3-4
                Investigation   5, and Chapter
                Division        5; Military
                Regulation      Rules of
                195-1, Chapter  Evidence 312,
                2               314-317

Department of   Inspector       MOU dated       Same as the     Same as the
Education,      General Act of  August 22,      authority in    authority in
Office of       1978, as        1996, between   column 2.       column 2.
Inspector       amended         the Department
General                         of Justice and
                                the FBI
                                granting
                                blanket
                                special
                                deputation
                                through
                                September 30,
                                1997, pursuant
                                to 28 C.F.R.
                                 0.19(a)(3),
                                0.112(d).

Department of   Inspector       28 C.F.R.       28 U.S.C.       28 U.S.C.
Transportation  General Act of  60.2(i),      566(c), (d);  566(d); 18
,               1978 (5 U.S.C.  60.3(a)(6); 28  18 U.S.C.       U.S.C. 3053;
Office of       App. 3); 49     U.S.C.          3053; 1995     1995 MOU with
Inspector       C.F.R.          566(c); Fed.   MOU with the    the Department
General         1.23(h)        R. Crim. P.     Department of   of Justice and
                                41(a), (c)(1).  Justice and     the FBI; 28
                                On August 21,   the FBI; 28     C.F.R. 0.112
                                1996, an        C.F.R. 0.112
                                annual blanket
                                deputation MOU
                                signed by the
                                Department of
                                Transportation
                                OIG,
                                Department of
                                Justice, and
                                the FBI; 28
                                C.F.R. 0.112.

Department of   Inspector       The VA OIG has  The VA OIG has  The VA OIG has
Veterans        General Act of  been given a    been given a    been given a
Affairs,        1978 (5         component-      blanket         blanket
Office of       U.S.C., App.    wide            deputation      deputation
Inspector       3)              deputation      through an MOU  through an MOU
General                         through an MOU  with the        with the
                                with the        Department of   Department of
                                Department of   Justice and     Justice and the
                                Justice and     the FBI. Based  FBI. Based on 28
                                the FBI. Based  on              C.F.R.
                                on              28 C.F.R.       0.19(a)(3),
                                28 C.F.R.       0.19(a)(3),   0.112, special
                                0.19(a)(3),   0.112, special  agents assigned
                                0.112, special  agents          to and
                                agents          assigned to     supervised by
                                assigned to     and supervised  the VA OIG,
                                and supervised  by the VA OIG,  Office of
                                by the VA OIG,  Office of       Investigations,
                                Office of       Investigations  are deputized as
                                Investigations  , are           Special Deputy
                                , are           deputized as    U.S. Marshals.
                                deputized as    Special Deputy  18 U.S.C. 3053.
                                Special Deputy  U.S.
                                U.S.            Marshals.
                                Marshals.       18 U.S.C.
                                28 C.F.R.       3053; Fed. R.
                                60.3(a)(16);   Crim. P.
                                Fed. R. Crim.   4(d)(1),
                                P. 41(c)(1).    (9)(c)(1).

Federal         Inspector       Deputation      Same as the     Same as the
Deposit         General Act of  from the        authority in    authority in
Insurance       1978, as        Department of   column 2.       column 2.
Corporation,    amended (5      Justice on a
Office of       U.S.C. App.     case-by-case
Inspector       3); Deputation  basis as a
General         from the        Special Deputy
                Department of   U.S. Marshal
                Justice on a
                case-by-case
                basis as a
                Special Deputy
                U.S. Marshal

National        Inspector       Inspector       Same as the     Same as the
Aeronautics     General Act of  General Act of  authority in    authority in
and Space       1978, as        1978, as        column 2.       column 2.
Administration  amended (5      amended, (5
, Office of     U.S.C. App. 3)  U.S.C. App.
Inspector                       3), (P.L. 95-
General                         452), in
                                conjunction
                                with 28 C.F.R.
                                0.19(a)(3),
                                0.112(d)

Department of   Inspector       28 U.S.C.       28 U.S.C.       Same as the
Energy, Office  General Act of  566(c); 28     566(d), 28     authority in
of              1978 (5 U.S.C.  C.F.R.          C.F.R.          column 3.
Inspector       App. 3)         0.19(a)(3),   0.19(a)(3),
General                         0.112(d)        0.112(d)

Small Business  Inspector       Department of   MOU signed by   Same as the
Administration  General Act of  Justice order   the Department  authority in
,               1978, as        #1188-87,       of Justice,     column 3.
Office of       amended         amending 28     the FBI, and
Inspector                       C.F.R. Part     SBA on July
General                         60, dated May   13, 1995.
                                12, 1987

Department of   Inspector       28 U.S.C.       Same as the     Same as the
the Treasury,   General Act of  561(a),       authority in    authority in
Office of       1978, as        566(c), 509,    column 2.       column 2.
Inspector       amended (5      510; 28 C.F.R.
General         U.S.C. App. 3)  0.112, 0.113

Department of   Inspector       28 U.S.C.       Same as the     Same as the
State, Office   General Act of  566(d).        authority in    authority in
of              1978 (5 U.S.C.  According to    column 2.       column 2.
Inspector       App. 3)         the OIG, all
General                         law
                                enforcement
                                functions
                                derive from
                                appointment as
                                Special Deputy
                                U.S. Marshals
                                in accordance
                                with a MOU
                                signed with
                                the Department
                                of Justice in
                                July 1995.

U.S. Railroad   Inspector       Case-by-case    Same as the     Same as the
Retirement      General Act of  deputation as   authority in    authority in
Board, Office   1978, as        Special Deputy  column 2.       column 2.
of              amended (5      U.S. Marshals
Inspector       U.S.C. App. 3)  under the
General                         authority of
                                18 U.S.C.
                                3053
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LEGEND:
 AFPD - Air Force Policy Directive
 App.  - Appendix
 AR - Army Regulation
 C.F.R.  - Code of Federal Regulations
 DOD - Department of Defense
 EAA - Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended
 EPA - Environmental Protection Agency
 FBI - Federal Bureau of Investigation
 Fed.  R.  Crim.  P.  - Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure
 MOU - Memorandum of Understanding
 N/A - Not Applicable
 OIG - Office of Inspector General
 P.L.  - Public Law
 SBA - Small Business Administration
 U.S.C.  - United States Code
 VA - Department of Veterans Affairs
  - Section

Source:  Law enforcement organization responses to GAO survey. 


LAW ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIVE
PERSONNEL IN SELECTED
ORGANIZATIONS AUTHORIZED TO
PERFORM CERTAIN INVESTIGATIVE
FUNCTIONS AS OF THE END OF FISCAL
YEAR 1996
========================================================== Appendix IV

                          Total
                      number of
                    investigati                        Make
Law enforcement              ve    Execute search    arrest  Carry firearms, if
organization          personnel       warrants            s       necessary
------------------  -----------  ------------------  ------  -------------------
Department of Agriculture
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. Forest                 612         612             612          612
 Service,
 Law Enforcement
 and
 Investigations
Office of                   249         248             248          248
 Inspector
 General

Department of the Interior
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau of Indian            326         326             326          326
 Affairs, Office
 of
 Law Enforcement
U.S. Fish and               240         240             240          240
 Wildlife
 Service, Division
 of
 Law Enforcement
Bureau of Land              211         211             211          211
 Management, Law
 Enforcement
Office of                    37          36              36          36
 Inspector
 General
Department of               363         363             363          363
 Defense,
 Office of
 Inspector
 General

Department of Labor
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Office of                   148         145             145          145
 Inspector
 General
Office of Labor             165         0\b             0\b          0\b
 Management
 Standards\a

Department of Health and Human Services
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Office of                   165         165             165          165
 Inspector
 General
Food and Drug,              128         128             128          128
 Administration,
 Office of
 Criminal
 Investigations

Environmental Protection Agency
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Office of                   166         166             166          166
 Criminal
 Enforcement,
 Forensics and
 Training
Office of                    49          30              30          30
 Inspector
 General
Department of the           171         171             171          171
 Air
 Force, Air Force
 Office of
 Special
 Investigations

Department of Commerce
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National Oceanic            105         105             105          105
 and
 Atmospheric
 Administration,
 National Marine
 Fisheries
 Service,
 Staff Office for
 Law
 Enforcement
Bureau of Export             66          66              66          66
 Administration,
 Office of Export
 Enforcement
Social Security             145         135             135          135
 Administration,
 Office of
 Inspector
 General

General Services Administration
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Buildings             63          63              63          63
 Service, Federal
 Protective
 Service
Office of                    58          58              58          58
 Inspector
 General
Department of               111         111             111          111
 Justice,
 Office of the
 Inspector General
Department of               109         109             109          109
 Housing
 and Urban
 Development,
 Office of
 Inspector
 General
Department of the            85          85              85          85
 Army,
 U.S. Army
 Criminal
 Investigation
 Command
Department of                75          75              75          75
 Education,
 Office of
 Inspector
 General
Department of                75          71              71          71
 Transportation,
 Office
 of Inspector
 General
Department of                68          67              67          67
 Veterans
 Affairs, Office
 of
 Inspector General
Federal Deposit              43          28              28          28
 Insurance
 Corporation,
 Office of
 Inspector
 General
National                     52          18              18          18
 Aeronautics and
 Space
 Administration,
 Office of
 Inspector
 General
Department of                45          44              44          44
 Energy,
 Office of
 Inspector
 General
Small Business               40          40              40          40
 Administration,
 Office
 of Inspector
 General
Department of the            36          36              36          36
 Treasury, Office
 of
 Inspector General
Department of                34          33              33          33
 State,
 Office of
 Inspector
 General
U.S. Railroad              22\c          22              22          22
 Retirement
 Board, Office of
 Inspector General
================================================================================
Total                     4,262        4,007          4,007         4,007
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  Fiscal year-end 1996 law enforcement organization data differ
from those reported to the CPDF (see app.  V) by about 1 percent. 

\a The Office of Labor Management Standards (OLMS) was formerly a
program component of the Office of the American Workplace, which was
eliminated as of September 30, 1996.  OLMS, which is staffed with law
enforcement investigative personnel, is now a program agency within
the Employment Standards Administration. 

\b According to an Office of Labor Management Standards official,
there is typically no need to execute search warrants, make arrests,
and/or carry firearms in the course of agency investigations. 
However, criminal investigations conducted by OLMS either
independently or jointly with other federal law enforcement agencies,
such as the FBI, require the essential knowledge, skills, and
abilities required of traditional law enforcement officers.  OLMS
investigators on occasion have been deputized to make arrests but,
typically, secure the services of the FBI or U.S.  Marshals when
arrest warrants are issued and services of the FBI to execute search
warrants. 

\c Although the Railroad Retirement Board no longer meets the
criterion of employing at least 25 investigative personnel, the OIG
is included because it did meet this criterion on March 31, 1995,
which is the date used to determine inclusion in this report. 

Source:  Law enforcement organization responses to GAO survey. 


LAW ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIVE
PERSONNEL IN SELECTED
ORGANIZATIONS AT THE END OF FISCAL
YEARS 1987, 1991, 1995, AND 1996
=========================================================== Appendix V

Law
enforcement
organization         1987            1991            1995            1996\a
--------------  --------------  --------------  --------------  ----------------
Department of Agriculture
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. Forest          105             159            491\b            603\b
 Service, Law
 Enforcement
 and
 Investigation
 s
Office of            246             264             254              245
 Inspector
 General

Department of the Interior
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau of            341             326             374              334
 Indian
 Affairs,
 Office of
 Law
 Enforcement
U.S. Fish and        192             205             237              237
 Wildlife
 Service,
 Division of
 Law
 Enforcement
Bureau of             22              57            210\c            205\c
 Land
 Management,
 Law
 Enforcement
Office of             27              41              40               37
 Inspector
 General
Department of        283             349             379              359
 Defense,
 Office of
 Inspector
 General

Department of Labor
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Office of            163\            162\            160              148
 Inspector
 General
Office of            0\d             0\d             127              165
 Labor
 Management
 Standards\

Department of Health and Human Services
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Office of            286             274            178\e             163
 Inspector
 General
Food and Drug        0\f             0\f             108              126
 Administratio
 n, Office
 of Criminal
 Investigation
 s

Environmental Protection Agency
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Office of             48              55             156              156
 Criminal
 Enforcement,
 Forensics
 and Training
Office of             41              61              53               46
 Inspector
 General
Department of        146             152             159              160
 the Air
 Force, Air
 Force Office
 of Special
 Investigation
 s

Department of Commerce
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National              84             106             112              105
 Oceanic and
 Atmospheric
 Administratio
 n,
 National
 Marine
 Fisheries
 Service,
 Staff Office
 for Law
 Enforcement
Bureau of             5              \ 69             68               64
 Export
 Administratio
 n, Office
 of Export
 Enforcement
Social               0\g             0\g              84              135
 Security
 Administratio
 n, Office of
 Inspector
 General

General Services Administration
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public                22              38              66               64
 Buildings
 Service,
 Federal
 Protective
 Service
Office of             84              90              60               58
 Inspector
 General
Department of        0\h              97             119              110
 Justice,
 Office of the
 Inspector
 General
Department of         75              95             111              108
 Housing and
 Urban
 Development,
 Office
 of Inspector
 General
Department of        0\i             0\i              63               73
 the Army,
 U.S. Army
 Criminal
 Investigation
 Command
Department of         58              86              82               75
 Education,
 Office of
 Inspector
 General
Department of         64              76              64               74
 Transportatio
 n, Office of
 Inspector
 General
Department of         63              64              63               59
 Veterans
 Affairs,
 Office of
 Inspector
 General
Federal              0\j              16              29              61\k
 Deposit
 Insurance
 Corporation,
 Office of
 Inspector
 General
National              30              47              52               51
 Aeronautics
 and
 Space
 Administratio
 n,
 Office of
 Inspector
 General
Department of         25              41              56               49
 Energy,
 Office of
 Inspector
 General
Small Business        31              38              42               41
 Administratio
 n, Office of
 Inspector
 General
Department of         14              36              39               37
 the
 Treasury,
 Office of
 Inspector
 General
Department of         10              31              32               34
 State,
 Office
 of Inspector
 General
U.S. Railroad         6               35              28               22
 Retirement
 Board, Office
 of
 Inspector
 General
================================================================================
Total               2,471           3,070           4,096            4,204
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a Fiscal year-end 1996 CPDF data differ from those reported by the
organizations (see app.  IV) by about 1 percent. 

\b Beginning in 1994, personnel in this organization were
reclassified from the Forestry Technician, Forestry, and other job
series to the law enforcement investigative series.  The increases in
investigative personnel in 1995 and 1996 were the result of this
reclassification. 

\c The numbers of investigative personnel in this organization
increased in 1995 and 1996 because personnel in the General
Inspection, Investigation, and Compliance series received coverage
under special law enforcement retirement in October 1994. 

\d Officewide law enforcement retirement coverage for investigative
personnel was not available until September 1992. 

\e The Social Security Administration was first established as a
separate federal department on March 31, 1995.  Its Office of
Inspector General was staffed by personnel from the Department of
Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General; therefore,
the number of law enforcement investigative personnel in the
Department, Office of Inspector General, decreased. 

\f Data are not shown for 1987 and 1991 because the Office of
Criminal Investigations was established in March 1992. 

\g Data are not shown for 1987 and 1991 because the Social Security
Administration was established as a separate federal department on
March 31, 1995. 

\h Data are not shown for 1987 because the Department of Justice,
Office of Inspector General, was authorized by Congress in 1988 and
established in 1989. 

\i Most of the criminal investigative personnel in this organization
are military personnel.  During 1987 and 1991, the small number of
civilian criminal investigative personnel were not covered by law
enforcement retirement. 

\j Data are not shown for 1987 because the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation, Office of Inspector General, was established in 1988. 

\k On January 1, 1996, the Resolution Trust Corporation, Office of
Inspector General, merged with this organization, which caused an
increase in law enforcement investigative personnel. 

Sources:  Law enforcement organization data for the Department of
Labor, the Office of Labor Management Standards, and the Department
of the Air Force, Air Force Office of Special Investigations (end of
fiscal year 1991 only), and CPDF data for all others. 


LAW ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIVE
PERSONNEL AT 13 FEDERAL
ORGANIZATIONS WITH THE LARGEST
NUMBER OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIVE
PERSONNEL, END OF FISCAL YEARS
1995 AND 1996
========================================================== Appendix VI

                                                        Number of law
                                                         enforcement
                                                        investigative
                                                          personnel
                                                        --------------
Law enforcement organization                              1995    1996
------------------------------------------------------  ------  ------
Department of Justice
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Federal Bureau of
 Investigation                                          10,082  10,662
Immigration and
 Naturalization Service                                  8,014   9,982
Drug Enforcement
 Administration                                          3,471   3,729
U.S. Marshals Service                                    2,463   2,625

Department of the Treasury
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Internal Revenue Service                                 3,756   3,744
U.S. Secret Service                                      3,225   3,246
U.S. Customs Service                                     2,912   2,826
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco
 and Firearms                                            1,929   1,867
U.S. Postal Inspection Service                           2,226   2,254
National Park Service                                    1,953   1,775
U.S. Capitol Police                                      1,074   1,074
Naval Criminal Investigative
 Service                                                   934     896
Department of State, Bureau of
 Diplomatic Security                                       709     686
Total                                                   42,748  45,366
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sources:  Federal law enforcement organization data from the U.S. 
Postal Inspection Service, the U.S.  Capitol Police, and the Bureau
of Diplomatic Security and CPDF data for the other organizations. 


MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS REPORT
========================================================= Appendix VII

GENERAL GOVERNMENT DIVISION,
WASHINGTON, D.C. 

Weldon McPhail, Assistant Director
Doris Page, Evaluator-in-Charge
Michael Kassack, Senior Evaluator
Mary Hall, Evaluator
Charlotte Moore, Communications Analyst
David Alexander, Senior Social Science Analyst
Stuart M.  Kaufman, Senior Social Science Analyst
Gregory Wilmoth, Senior Social Science Analyst

OFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL,
WASHINGTON, D.C. 

Geoffrey Hamilton, Senior Attorney


*** End of document. ***