Older Driver Safety: Survey of States on Their Implementation of 
Federal Highway Administration Recommendations and Guidelines	 
(GAO-07-517SP), an E-supplement to GAO-07-413 (11-APR-07,	 
GAO-07-517SP).							 
                                                                 
This is the companion product to GAO-07-413. This document	 
presents selected results of GAO's survey of the departments of  
transportation (DOT) in 50 states and the District of Columbia to
obtain information on the extent to which states have implemented
practices to make roads safer for older drivers. The questions in
our survey were posed to obtain information on the extent to	 
which states have incorporated Federal Highway Administration	 
(FHWA) recommendations to design roads with features to enhance  
safety for older drivers, reasons for state DOTs rejecting FHWA  
recommendations, the proportion of practitioners that have been  
trained in state DOTs to implement FHWA recommendations, and the 
extent to which states have developed plans and programmed	 
projects for older driver safety. The survey was e-mailed to DOT 
officials in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, and we  
obtained a response from each of the survey recipients. We do not
include responses for all survey questions. Specifically, this	 
document does not include narrative responses that we received.  
Additionally, this document does not contain responses to	 
questions 4 and 6 because many states did not answer these	 
questions, and the responses we did receive were difficult to	 
present consistently and accurately because some states 	 
supplemented their responses with qualifications or explanations.
A more detailed discussion of our scope and methodology is	 
contained in our report Older Driver Safety: Knowledge Sharing	 
Should Help States Prepare for Increase in Older Driver 	 
Population, GAO-07-413 (Washington, D.C.: April 2007). We	 
administered the survey from September 2006 through January 2007 
in accordance with generally accepted government auditing	 
standards.							 
-------------------------Indexing Terms------------------------- 
REPORTNUM:   GAO-07-517SP					        
    ACCNO:   A68065						        
  TITLE:     Older Driver Safety: Survey of States on Their	      
Implementation of Federal Highway Administration Recommendations 
and Guidelines (GAO-07-517SP), an E-supplement to GAO-07-413	 
     DATE:   04/11/2007 
  SUBJECT:   Driver education					 
	     Driver records					 
	     Elderly persons					 
	     High risk drivers					 
	     Highway safety					 
	     Licenses						 
	     Program evaluation 				 
	     Risk assessment					 
	     Safety regulation					 
	     Safety standards					 
	     Strategic planning 				 
	     Surveys						 
	     Highway traffic control devices			 
	     Information sharing				 

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GAO-07-517SP

Older Driver Safety: Survey of States on Their Implementation of Federal Highway
       Administration Recommendations and Guidelines (GAO-07-517SP), an E
                         [1093]supplement to GAO-07-413

Read the Full Report: Older Driver Safety: Knowledge Sharing Should Help
States Prepare for Increase in Older Driver Population (GAO-07-413)

[1094]Background Information

[1095]Instructions for Viewing This Survey

Background Information

This document presents selected results of GAO's survey of the departments
of transportation (DOT) in 50 states and the District of Columbia to
obtain information on the extent to which states have implemented
practices to make roads safer for older drivers. The questions in our
survey were posed to obtain information on the extent to which states have
incorporated Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) recommendations to
design roads with features to enhance safety for older drivers, reasons
for state DOTs rejecting FHWA recommendations, the proportion of
practitioners that have been trained in state DOTs to implement FHWA
recommendations, and the extent to which states have developed plans and
programmed projects for older driver safety. The survey was e-mailed to
DOT officials in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, and we
obtained a response from each of the survey recipients. We do not include
responses for all survey questions. Specifically, this document does not
include narrative responses that we received. Additionally, this document
does not contain responses to questions 4 and 6 because many states did
not answer these questions, and the responses we did receive were
difficult to present consistently and accurately because some states
supplemented their responses with qualifications or explanations.

A more detailed discussion of our scope and methodology is contained in
our report Older Driver Safety: Knowledge Sharing Should Help States
Prepare for Increase in Older Driver Population, GAO-07-413 (Washington,
D.C.: April 2007). We administered the survey from September 2006 through
January 2007 in accordance with generally accepted government auditing
standards.

Instructions for Viewing This E-Supplement

How to View the Survey and the Summary Results

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                     U.S. Government Accountability Office

 Questionnaire to Officials of State Departments of Transportation about Older
                             Driver Safety Programs

ID#

The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), an agency of the
Congress, is studying older driver safety. As part of this study, we are
surveying officials of the department of transportation in each of the 50
states and the District of Columbia.

To assist us, we ask that you complete and return this questionnaire to us
by e-mail or fax within the next 2 weeks. When responding, you may consult
with others who are also familiar with these topics, if you think it will
help you give a more accurate answer. The questionnaire should take 45
minutes or less to complete. If you have any questions about this
questionnaire, please contact [the name, telephone number and e-mail
address of two GAO staff appeared here when the survey was distributed].

  Instructions

To complete the questionnaire electronically:

    1. Save this document to your computer's hard drive in Microsoft Word.
    2. Open the document and fill in your answers. Then, again save the
       completed document.
    3. E-mail the completed questionnaire and any written documentation as
       attachments to [the name, telephone number, and e-mail address of a
       GAO staff appeared here when the survey was distributed].

Or you may fax a copy of the completed questionnaire and any accompanying
documentation to [the name and fax number of GAO appeared here when the
survey was distributed]

  To Answer Questions Electronically:

You can check answer boxes by clicking on the shaded boxes with your
mouse. If you need to change your answer, click a second time to uncheck
the box. You can complete "fill in the blank" and "narrative" answers by
clicking on the shaded area, then typing your answer.

  Older Driver Programs

q [1097]1. Consider your state's current Strategic Highway Safety Plan
(SHSP ) designed for the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient
Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU). Does this plan
contain a section(s) that is devoted solely to older road users' safety
and mobility?

No

Yes

 2. Will representatives of each of the organizations listed below be consulted
                      on the safety and mobility of older

drivers for your state's current SHSP?

     o [1098]a. State Agency on the Aging
     o b. Local agencies on the aging
     o c. AAA (formerly American Automobile Association)
     o d. AARP (formerly American Association of Retired Persons)
     o e. American Society on Aging
     o f. American Occupational Therapist Association (AOTA)
     o [1099]g. Emergency response agencies
     o h. State medical association
     o i . Other (Please specify.)

Not

Yes No

Applicable

vv

v

[1100]q 3.  In its  Federal Fiscal  Year (FFY)  2007 State  Transportation
Improvement Program (STIP),  does your state  identify any projects  whose
main purpose is the improvement of older driver safety?

No

->(If `no," go to question 5.)

Yes

4. Consider all of the projects  whose main purpose is the improvement  of
older driver safety identified in your state's FFY 2007 STIP. What is  the
amount of funding allocated  for those projects from  each of the  sources
listed below? (Enter amount.)

None OR

Federal Aid funds (excluding state and local matching funds) $ State funds
(including state and local matching funds) $ Other (Please specify.) $

[1101]q 5. In  its FFY 2007  STIP, does your  state identify any  projects
whose  main  purpose  is  the  improvement  of  all  drivers'  safety   at
intersections?

No

->(If `no," go to question 7.)

Yes

6. Consider all  the projects  identified in  your state's  FFY 2007  STIP
whose  main  purpose  is  the  improvement  of  all  drivers'  safety   at
intersections. What is the amount of funding allocated for those  projects
from each of the sources listed below? (Enter amount. Please exclude funds
already entered in question 4.).)

None OR

Federal Aid funds (excluding state and local matching funds) $ State funds
(including state and local matching funds) $ Other (Please specify.) $

7. Listed  below are  some methods  states might  use to  work with  local
governments to improve older driver  safety and mobility. Does your  state
use each of the methods listed below?

     o a. Offering training in road design and traffic control
     o b. Holding sessions at statewide conferences
     o c. Developing programs with Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs)
     o d. Developing programs with the Local Technical Assistance Program
       (LTAP)
     o e. Other (Please specify.)

Yes No

Not Applicable

vv

v

Definition: Resources include  staff hours, and  funds spent on  research,
professional services and construction contracts.

8. As  of today,  to what  extent, if  any, has  your department  invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

To what extent, if any, has your state invested resources in

                 each type of project? (Check one in each row.)

       To little                         To a          To a         To a very 
       or no             To some       moderate       great         great     
       extent            extent         extent        extent           extent 
             v              v             v             v             v       

     o a. Safety projects funded by SAFETEA-LU for high risk rural roads
     o b. Projects to create safe routes to schools
     o c. Safety projects at railway/highway intersections
     o d. Work zone safety projects
     o e. Older driver safety projects
     o f. Projects related to the collection and analysis of crash data
     o g. Roadside hazard elimination or mitigation projects
     o h. Pedestrian and bicycle safety projects
     o i. Road intersection safety projects
     o j. Roadway departure projects
     o k. Other (Please specify.)

              Highway Maintenance, Improvement or New Construction

Definitions FHWA's Older Driver Handbook and Guides refers to the Federal
Highway Administration's (FHWA) "Highway Design Handbook for Older Drivers
and Pedestrians (2001), FHWA's "Guidelines and Recommendations to
Accommodate Older Drivers and Pedestrians (2001)," and to FHWA's "Pocket
Guide to Improve Traffic Control and Mobility for Our Older Population
(2003)."

Recommendations are those associated with the design elements listed in
FHWA's Older Driver Handbook and Guides.

All of the definitions below tie the words used in this questionnaire to
terms referred to in FWHA's Older Driver Handbook and Guides.

Before is sometimes referred to as "upstream of."

  Railroad crossings with no gates or crossing signals are sometimes referred to
  as "passive crossings."

      Definitions (cont.) Reflective markers are sometimes referred to as
                   "retroreflective raised pavement markers."

Freeway entrance ramps with full width merge lanes for some distance are
sometimes referred to as "parallel ramps."

  Where the land for the road cannot be acquired is sometimes referred to as
  "restricted right of way."

Clarification: Questions that ask about implementing recommendations apply
only to those situations in which the recommendations are warranted and
feasible.

9. Listed below are some recommendations contained in FHWA's "Highway
Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians (2001)." Has your state
ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below? (Check one in each row.)

Yes, Yes, planning to implemented implement Undecided No

vvvv

     o a. Use advance street name signs before major intersections
     o b. Use a series of post-mounted delineators on both sides of the road
       on approaches to railroad crossings with no gates or crossing signals
     o [1102]c. Use black backplates on traffic signals on roads with
       operating speeds of 40 mph or greater
     o [1103]d. Supplement standard centerline pavement markings with
       reflective markers approaching and through curves with a radius of
       less than 3280 feet
     o e. Use freeway entrance ramps with full width merge lanes for some
       distance, rather than tapered ramps that merge into the freeway sooner
     o f. Design or redesign roadway intersections so that the roads
       intersect at an angle of at least 75 degrees where the land for the
       road cannot be acquired.

10. Has your state implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
practices listed below? (Check one in each row.)

Yes, Yes, planning implemented to implement Undecided No

vvvv

     o [1104]a. Use clear view fonts on signs on an experimental basis
     o [1105]b. Use 12 inch lenses on all new traffic signals

Construction and Traffic Flow Practices Definitions Larger letters refer
to a height of at least 12 inches for upper-case and 9 inches for
lower-case letters.

Arrange opposing left turn lanes so that the driver's view is not
obstructed is sometimes referred to as "positive offset of opposing
left-turn lanes to minimize the obstruction of sight distances."
Reflective devices include retroreflectorized raised pavement markers,
object markers, delineators or

signs. More obvious is sometimes referred to as "increased conspicuity."
End of the ramp is sometimes referred to as the "terminus" of the ramp.
Channelizing devices include retroreflective traffic cones, tubular
markers, vertical striped panels,

chevron panels, traffic drums or delineators. Evidence is obtained by
analyzing crash data or through observations.

11. Listed below are some recommendations contained in FHWA's "Pocket
Guide to Improve Traffic Control and Mobility for Our Older Population
(2003)." Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement,
each of the recommendations listed below? (Check one in each row.)

          Yes,         Yes, planning        
implemented             to implement     Undecided                      No 
            v                   v                    v                      v 

     o a. Use overhead street name signs with larger letters at major
       intersections in urban areas where advance street name signs are not
       used
     o b. Arrange opposing left turn lanes so that the driver's view is not
       obstructed
     o c. Use reflective devices on medians and island curbs to make them
       more obvious at intersections
     o d. Use "Lane Use Arrows" or "Long Wrong Way Arrows" marked on the
       pavement at the end of one way freeway ramps
     o e. Use overhead "Intersection Lane Control Signs" at intersections
       with traffic signals where drivers might have trouble positioning
       themselves in the correct lane
     o f. Use channelizing devices or temporary barriers to separate opposing
       traffic in construction zones
     o g. Use dashed turn path pavement markings in intersections where
       evidence suggests that older drivers may experience difficulties
       negotiating turns
     o h. Use advance "STOP AHEAD," "YIELD AHEAD" and "SIGNAL AHEAD" signs on
       approaches to intersections when existing signs or signals are not
       visible soon enough to allow drivers sufficient distance to respond

  Road Design Standards

        * 12. What proportion, if any, of your department's technical staff
          have been trained in the guidance presented in FHWA's Older Driver
          Handbook and Guides? (Check one.) All or almost all Most About half
        * Some Few or none

     o 13. Consider all of the recommendations contained in FHWA's Older
       Driver Handbook and Guides. About what proportion of those
       recommendations, if any, are currently included in your state's
       highway design guides? (Check one.)

All

-> (If checked, go to question 16.)

Almost all

Most

About half

Some

Few

None

[1106]q 14. Now consider all of the recommendations contained in FHWA's
Older Driver Handbook and Guides that your state has not included in its
design guides. About what proportion of those recommendations, if any, is
your state considering for inclusion in its design guides? (Check one.)

All Almost all Most About half Some Few None

15. Listed below are some factors that might contribute to a state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides. If a factor does not exist in
your state, check column 1. If a factor exists, how much did that factor
contribute to the decision not to include some of FHWA's recommendations
in your state's design guides? (Check one box in each row.)

     o a. Recommendations are viewed as minor
     o b. Few standards are in place to support the recommendations
     o [1107]c. Costs outweigh the benefits
     o [1108]d. Lack of training about the recommendations at the state level
     o e. Lack of training about the recommendations at the local level
     o f. Resources not available for safety improvements
     o g. Recommendations would have adverse effects on roadway capacity
     o [1109]h. Engineers did not accept the recommendations
     o i. Risk of litigation
     o j. Recommendations have not yet been tested by the state
     o k. State views the recommendations as unfunded mandates
     o l. Other (Please specify.)

Factor exists and contributed...?

Factor

To a

does not

To little or To some moderate To a great

exist

no extent extent extent extent

v

vvvv

To a very great

Don't extent know

v

v

16. Who is the main person completing this questionnaire? Name: Title:
Telephone Number: E-mail address:

  17. Would you enter below any other comments you might have about the topics
                        mentioned in this questionnaire?

             Thank you very much for completing this questionnaire.

< [1110]back

     1. Consider your state's current Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP)
        designed for the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient
        Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU).
     2. Does this plan contain a section(s) that is devoted solely to older
        road users' safety and mobility?

    1. Will representatives of each of the organizations listed below be
       consulted on the safety and mobility of older drivers for your state's
       current SHSP?

                No               Yes Number of                                
                                     respondents                              
                    23            27 50                                       
[1111]< back                                                               

a. State Agency on the Aging

Yes                            No                Not          Number of 
                                         Applicable            respondents 
21                             16                  9                 46 

[1112]< back

2. Will  representatives of  each  of the  organizations listed  below  be
consulted on the  safety and mobility  of older drivers  for your  state's
current SHSP?

b. Local agencies on the aging

Yes                            No                Not          Number of 
                                         Applicable            respondents 
18                             19                  8                 45 

[1113]< back

2. Will  representatives of  each  of the  organizations listed  below  be
consulted on the  safety and mobility  of older drivers  for your  state's
current SHSP?

c. AAA (formerly American Automobile Association)

Yes                            No                Not          Number of 
                                         Applicable            respondents 
30                             12                  5                 47 

[1114]< back

2. Will  representatives of  each  of the  organizations listed  below  be
consulted on the  safety and mobility  of older drivers  for your  state's
current SHSP?

d. AARP (formerly American Association of Retired Persons)

Yes                            No                Not          Number of 
                                         Applicable            respondents 
26                             14                  6                 46 

[1115]< back

2. Will  representatives of  each  of the  organizations listed  below  be
consulted on the  safety and mobility  of older drivers  for your  state's
current SHSP?

e. American Society on Aging [1116]< back

Yes                            No                Not          Number of 
                                         Applicable            respondents 
3                              30                  6                 39 

2. Will  representatives of  each  of the  organizations listed  below  be
consulted on the  safety and mobility  of older drivers  for your  state's
current SHSP?

f. American Occupational Therapist Association (AOTA)

Yes                            No                Not          Number of 
                                         Applicable            respondents 
4                              30                  7                 41 

[1117]< back

2. Will  representatives of  each  of the  organizations listed  below  be
consulted on the  safety and mobility  of older drivers  for your  state's
current SHSP?

g. Emergency response agencies

Yes                            No                Not          Number of 
                                         Applicable            respondents 
35                              6                  5                 46 

[1118]< back

2. Will  representatives of  each  of the  organizations listed  below  be
consulted on the  safety and mobility  of older drivers  for your  state's
current SHSP?

h. State medical association

Yes                            No                Not          Number of 
                                         Applicable            respondents 
26                             12                  7                 45 

[1119]< back

2. Will  representatives of  each  of the  organizations listed  below  be
consulted on the  safety and mobility  of older drivers  for your  state's
current SHSP?

i. Other (Please specify.)

Yes                            No                Not          Number of 
                                         Applicable            respondents 
16                              0                  0                 16 

[1120]< back

3. In its Federal Fiscal Year (FFY) 2007 State Transportation  Improvement
Program (STIP), does your state  identify any projects whose main  purpose
is the improvement of older driver safety?

No Yes Number of respondents

47 4 51

[1121]< back

5. In its FFY 2007 STIP, does your state identify any projects whose  main
purpose is the improvement of all drivers' safety at intersections?

No Yes Number of respondents

2 49 51 [1122]< back

7. Listed  below are  some methods  states might  use to  work with  local
governments to improve older driver  safety and mobility. Does your  state
use each of the methods listed below?

a. Offering training in road design and traffic control

Yes                            No                Not          Number of 
                                         Applicable            respondents 
32                             13                  4                 49 

[1123]< back

7. Listed  below are  some methods  states might  use to  work with  local
governments to improve older driver  safety and mobility. Does your  state
use each of the methods listed below?

b. Holding sessions at statewide conferences

Yes                            No                Not          Number of 
                                         Applicable            respondents 
38                              9                  3                 50 

[1124]< back

7. Listed  below are  some methods  states might  use to  work with  local
governments to improve older driver  safety and mobility. Does your  state
use each of the methods listed below?

c. Developing programs with Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs)

Yes                            No                Not          Number of 
                                         Applicable            respondents 
21                             23                  2                 46 

[1125]< back

7. Listed  below are  some methods  states might  use to  work with  local
governments to improve older driver  safety and mobility. Does your  state
use each of the methods listed below?

d. Developing programs with the Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP)

Yes                            No                Not          Number of 
                                         Applicable            respondents 
29                             17                  2                 48 

[1126]< back

7. Listed  below are  some methods  states might  use to  work with  local
governments to improve older driver  safety and mobility. Does your  state
use each of the methods listed below?

e. Other (Please specify.)

Yes                            No                Not          Number of 
                                         Applicable            respondents 
8                               0                  0                  8 

[1127]< back

8. As  of today,  to what  extent, if  any, has  your department  invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

a. Safety projects funded by SAFETEA-LU for high risk rural roads  [1128]<
back

     To little    To some To a moderate  To a great     To a very   Number of 
or no extent    extent         extent      extent great extent respondents 
              15       12             12           7            4          50 

8. As  of today,  to what  extent, if  any, has  your department  invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

b. Projects to create safe routes to schools

     To little    To some To a moderate  To a great     To a very   Number of 
or no extent    extent         extent      extent great extent respondents 
               6       17             16           7            4          50 

[1129]< back

8. As  of today,  to what  extent, if  any, has  your department  invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

c. Safety projects at railway/highway intersections

     To little    To some To a moderate  To a great     To a very   Number of 
or no extent    extent         extent      extent great extent respondents 
               2        0             14          26            9          51 

[1130]< back

8. As  of today,  to what  extent, if  any, has  your department  invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

d. Work zone safety projects

     To little    To some To a moderate  To a great     To a very   Number of 
or no extent    extent         extent      extent great extent respondents 
               5        5             17          16            8          51 

[1131]< back

8. As  of today,  to what  extent, if  any, has  your department  invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

e. Older driver safety projects

     To little    To some To a moderate  To a great     To a very   Number of 
or no extent    extent         extent      extent great extent respondents 
              18       22              8           1            1          50 

[1132]< back

8. As  of today,  to what  extent, if  any, has  your department  invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

f. Projects related to the collection and analysis of crash data

     To little    To some To a moderate  To a great     To a very   Number of 
or no extent    extent         extent      extent great extent respondents 
               1        2             12          23           12          50 

[1133]< back

8. As  of today,  to what  extent, if  any, has  your department  invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

g. Roadside hazard elimination or mitigation projects [1134]< back

     To little    To some To a moderate  To a great     To a very   Number of 
or no extent    extent         extent      extent great extent respondents 
               0        0             15          28            8          51 

8. As  of today,  to what  extent, if  any, has  your department  invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

h. Pedestrian and bicycle safety projects

     To little    To some To a moderate  To a great     To a very   Number of 
or no extent    extent         extent      extent great extent respondents 
               2       15             26           6            1          50 

[1135]< back

8. As  of today,  to what  extent, if  any, has  your department  invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

i. Road intersection safety projects

     To little    To some To a moderate  To a great     To a very   Number of 
or no extent    extent         extent      extent great extent respondents 
               0        0             15          24           12          51 

[1136]< back

8. As  of today,  to what  extent, if  any, has  your department  invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

j. Roadway departure projects

     To little    To some To a moderate  To a great     To a very   Number of 
or no extent    extent         extent      extent great extent respondents 
               0        6             10          25           10          51 

[1137]< back

8. As  of today,  to what  extent, if  any, has  your department  invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

k. Other (Please specify.)

     To little    To some To a moderate  To a great     To a very   Number of 
or no extent    extent         extent      extent great extent respondents 
               0        0              2           4            2           8 

[1138]< back

9. Listed  below are  some recommendations  contained in  FHWA's  "Highway
Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians (2001)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

a. Use advance street name signs before major intersections

             Yes, Yes, planning    Undecided                 No     Number of 
implemented    to implement                                    respondents 
               30                4        13                  4            51 

[1139]< back

9. Listed  below are  some recommendations  contained in  FHWA's  "Highway
Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians (2001)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

b. Use a series of post-mounted delineators  on both sides of the road  on
approaches to railroad crossings with no gates or crossing signals

             Yes, Yes, planning    Undecided                 No     Number of 
implemented    to implement                                    respondents 
                4                2        19                 21            46 

[1140]< back

9. Listed  below are  some recommendations  contained in  FHWA's  "Highway
Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians (2001)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

c. Use black backplates on traffic signals on roads with operating  speeds
of 40 mph or greater

             Yes, Yes, planning    Undecided                 No     Number of 
implemented    to implement                                    respondents 
               36                3         6                  5            50 

[1141]< back

9. Listed  below are  some recommendations  contained in  FHWA's  "Highway
Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians (2001)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

d.  Supplement  standard  centerline  pavement  markings  with  reflective
markers approaching and  through curves with  a radius of  less than  3280
feet

             Yes, Yes, planning    Undecided                 No     Number of 
implemented    to implement                                    respondents 
               17                0        13                 20            50 

[1142]< back

9. Listed  below are  some recommendations  contained in  FHWA's  "Highway
Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians (2001)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

e. Use  freeway  entrance ramps  with  full  width merge  lanes  for  some
distance, rather than tapered ramps that merge into the freeway sooner

             Yes, Yes, planning    Undecided                 No     Number of 
implemented    to implement                                    respondents 
               29                3        10                  8            50 

[1143]< back

9. Listed  below are  some recommendations  contained in  FHWA's  "Highway
Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians (2001)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

f. Design or redesign roadway intersections so that the roads intersect at
an angle of  at least 75  degrees where the  land for the  road cannot  be
acquired.

             Yes, Yes, planning    Undecided                 No     Number of 
implemented    to implement                                    respondents 
               28                4        10                  7            49 

[1144]< back

10. Has your state implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
practices listed below?

a. Use clear view fonts on signs on an experimental basis

Yes, Yes,  planning  Undecided  No  Number  of  implemented  to  implement
respondents

                                  17 13 13 750

[1145]< back

10. Has your state implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
practices listed below?

b. Use 12 inch lenses on all new traffic signals

             Yes, Yes, planning    Undecided                 No     Number of 
implemented    to implement                                    respondents 
               48                0         2                  1            51 

[1146]< back

11. Listed  below are  some recommendations  contained in  FHWA's  "Pocket
Guide to Improve  Traffic Control  and Mobility for  Our Older  Population
(2003)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

a.  Use  overhead  street  name   signs  with  larger  letters  at   major
intersections in urban areas where advance street name signs are not used

             Yes, Yes, planning    Undecided                 No     Number of 
implemented    to implement                                    respondents 
               30                3        11                  7            51 

[1147]< back

11. Listed  below are  some recommendations  contained in  FHWA's  "Pocket
Guide to Improve  Traffic Control  and Mobility for  Our Older  Population
(2003)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

b. Arrange  opposing left  turn lanes  so that  the driver's  view is  not
obstructed

             Yes, Yes, planning    Undecided                 No     Number of 
implemented    to implement                                    respondents 
               33                6         9                  2            50 

[1148]< back

11. Listed  below are  some recommendations  contained in  FHWA's  "Pocket
Guide to Improve  Traffic Control  and Mobility for  Our Older  Population
(2003)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

c. Use reflective devices  on medians and island  curbs to make them  more
obvious at intersections

             Yes, Yes, planning    Undecided                 No     Number of 
implemented    to implement                                    respondents 
               39                4         5                  2            50 

[1149]< back

11. Listed  below are  some recommendations  contained in  FHWA's  "Pocket
Guide to Improve  Traffic Control  and Mobility for  Our Older  Population
(2003)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

d. Use "Lane Use Arrows" or "Long Wrong Way Arrows" marked on the pavement
at the end of one way freeway ramps [1150]< back

             Yes, Yes, planning    Undecided                 No     Number of 
implemented    to implement                                    respondents 
               29                1        12                  9            51 

11. Listed  below are  some recommendations  contained in  FHWA's  "Pocket
Guide to Improve  Traffic Control  and Mobility for  Our Older  Population
(2003)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

e. Use overhead  "Intersection Lane Control  Signs" at intersections  with
traffic signals where drivers might have trouble positioning themselves in
the correct lane

             Yes, Yes, planning    Undecided                 No     Number of 
implemented    to implement                                    respondents 
               40                2         7                  2            51 

[1151]< back

11. Listed  below are  some recommendations  contained in  FHWA's  "Pocket
Guide to Improve  Traffic Control  and Mobility for  Our Older  Population
(2003)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

f. Use channelizing  devices or  temporary barriers  to separate  opposing
traffic in construction zones

             Yes, Yes, planning    Undecided                 No     Number of 
implemented    to implement                                    respondents 
               48                1         1                  1            51 

[1152]< back

11. Listed  below are  some recommendations  contained in  FHWA's  "Pocket
Guide to Improve  Traffic Control  and Mobility for  Our Older  Population
(2003)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

g. Use dashed turn path pavement markings in intersections where  evidence
suggests that older drivers may experience difficulties negotiating turns

             Yes, Yes, planning    Undecided                 No     Number of 
implemented    to implement                                    respondents 
               41                1         4                  4            50 

[1153]< back

11. Listed  below are  some recommendations  contained in  FHWA's  "Pocket
Guide to Improve  Traffic Control  and Mobility for  Our Older  Population
(2003)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

h. Use advance  "STOP AHEAD," "YIELD  AHEAD" and "SIGNAL  AHEAD" signs  on
approaches to intersections when existing signs or signals are not visible
soon enough to allow drivers sufficient distance to respond

             Yes, Yes, planning    Undecided                 No     Number of 
implemented    to implement                                    respondents 
               51                0         0                  0            51 

[1154]< back

12. What proportion,  if any,  of your department's  technical staff  have
been trained in the guidance presented in FHWA's Older Driver Handbook and
Guides?

All or almost Most About half Some Few or none Number of all respondents

                                  2 7 3 32 7 51

[1155]< back

     13. Consider all of the recommendations contained in FHWA's Older Driver
        Handbook and Guides. About what proportion of those recommendations,
        if any, are currently included in your state's highway design guides?
     [1156]< back
	 
About what proportion of those recommendations, if any, are currently included in your state's highway design guides?	 
	 
All    Almost all    Most    About half    Some   Few    None    Number of 
                                                                  respondents 
     1               4      10             9   20     5        1           50 
	 

    14. Now consider all of the recommendations contained in FHWA's Older
       Driver Handbook and Guides that your state has not included in its
       design guides.


About what  proportion of  those recommendations,  if any,  is your  state
considering for inclusion in its design guides?

All    Almost all    Most    About half    Some   Few    None    Number of 
                                                                  respondents 
     0               2      10             3   24     8        2           49 

[1157]< back

15. Listed  below are  some factors  that might  contribute to  a  state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

If a factor  does not exist  in your state,  check column 1.  If a  factor
exists, how much did that factor contribute to the decision not to include
some of FHWA's recommendations in your state's design guides?

a. Recommendations are viewed as minor

Factor      To    To some To a         To a     To a    Don't    Number of 
does      little          moderate    great     very    know               
     not     or no    extent     extent   extent  great           respondents 
    exist    extent                               extent                      
         16       12      13          3        0        0       5          49 

[1158]< back

15. Listed  below are  some factors  that might  contribute to  a  state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

If a factor  does not exist  in your state,  check column 1.  If a  factor
exists, how much did that factor contribute to the decision not to include
some of FHWA's recommendations in your state's design guides?

b. Few standards are in place to support the recommendations

Factor      To    To some To a         To a     To a    Don't    Number of 
does      little          moderate    great     very    know               
     not     or no    extent     extent   extent  great           respondents 
    exist    extent                               extent                      
          8        9      17          4        4        2       5          49 

[1159]< back

15. Listed  below are  some factors  that might  contribute to  a  state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

If a factor  does not exist  in your state,  check column 1.  If a  factor
exists, how much did that factor contribute to the decision not to include
some of FHWA's recommendations in your state's design guides?

c. Costs outweigh the benefits [1160]< back

Factor      To    To some To a         To a     To a    Don't    Number of 
does      little          moderate    great     very    know               
     not     or no    extent     extent   extent  great           respondents 
    exist    extent                               extent                      
          3        9       6         12       10        2       6          48 

15. Listed  below are  some factors  that might  contribute to  a  state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

If a factor  does not exist  in your state,  check column 1.  If a  factor
exists, how much did that factor contribute to the decision not to include
some of FHWA's recommendations in your state's design guides?

d. Lack of training about the recommendations at the state level

Factor      To    To some To a         To a     To a    Don't    Number of 
does      little          moderate    great     very    know               
     not     or no    extent     extent   extent  great           respondents 
    exist    extent                               extent                      
          6       14      12          8        4        1       3          48 

[1161]< back

15. Listed  below are  some factors  that might  contribute to  a  state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

If a factor  does not exist  in your state,  check column 1.  If a  factor
exists, how much did that factor contribute to the decision not to include
some of FHWA's recommendations in your state's design guides?

e. Lack of training about the recommendations at the local level

Factor      To    To some To a         To a     To a    Don't    Number of 
does      little          moderate    great     very    know               
     not     or no    extent     extent   extent  great           respondents 
    exist    extent                               extent                      
          5       10      12          5        3        7       6          48 

[1162]< back

15. Listed  below are  some factors  that might  contribute to  a  state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

If a factor  does not exist  in your state,  check column 1.  If a  factor
exists, how much did that factor contribute to the decision not to include
some of FHWA's recommendations in your state's design guides?

f. Resources not available for safety improvements

Factor      To    To some To a         To a     To a    Don't    Number of 
does      little          moderate    great     very    know               
     not     or no    extent     extent   extent  great           respondents 
    exist    extent                               extent                      
          8        3      11         10        8        3       3          46 

[1163]< back

15. Listed  below are  some factors  that might  contribute to  a  state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

If a factor  does not exist  in your state,  check column 1.  If a  factor
exists, how much did that factor contribute to the decision not to include
some of FHWA's recommendations in your state's design guides?

g. Recommendations would have adverse effects on roadway capacity

Factor      To    To some To a         To a     To a    Don't    Number of 
does      little          moderate    great     very    know               
     not     or no    extent     extent   extent  great           respondents 
    exist    extent                               extent                      
         12       15      14          3        0        0       3          47 

[1164]< back

15. Listed  below are  some factors  that might  contribute to  a  state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

If a factor  does not exist  in your state,  check column 1.  If a  factor
exists, how much did that factor contribute to the decision not to include
some of FHWA's recommendations in your state's design guides?

h. Engineers did not accept the recommendations [1165]< back

Factor      To    To some To a         To a     To a    Don't    Number of 
does      little          moderate    great     very    know               
     not     or no    extent     extent   extent  great           respondents 
    exist    extent                               extent                      
         13       16      13          2        0        1       3          48 

15. Listed  below are  some factors  that might  contribute to  a  state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

If a factor  does not exist  in your state,  check column 1.  If a  factor
exists, how much did that factor contribute to the decision not to include
some of FHWA's recommendations in your state's design guides?

i. Risk of litigation

Factor      To    To some To a         To a     To a    Don't    Number of 
does      little          moderate    great     very    know               
     not     or no    extent     extent   extent  great           respondents 
    exist    extent                               extent                      
         14       18       7          4        0        0       5          48 

[1166]< back

15. Listed  below are  some factors  that might  contribute to  a  state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

If a factor  does not exist  in your state,  check column 1.  If a  factor
exists, how much did that factor contribute to the decision not to include
some of FHWA's recommendations in your state's design guides?

j. Recommendations have not yet been tested by the state

Factor      To    To some To a         To a     To a    Don't    Number of 
does      little          moderate    great     very    know               
     not     or no    extent     extent   extent  great           respondents 
    exist    extent                               extent                      
          6        8      18          7        6        0       2          47 

[1167]< back

15. Listed  below are  some factors  that might  contribute to  a  state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

If a factor  does not exist  in your state,  check column 1.  If a  factor
exists, how much did that factor contribute to the decision not to include
some of FHWA's recommendations in your state's design guides?

k. State views the recommendations as unfunded mandates

Factor      To    To some To a         To a     To a    Don't    Number of 
does      little          moderate    great     very    know               
     not     or no    extent     extent   extent  great           respondents 
    exist    extent                               extent                      
         18       15       4          4        1        2       3          47 

[1168]< back

15. Listed  below are  some factors  that might  contribute to  a  state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

If a factor  does not exist  in your state,  check column 1.  If a  factor
exists, how much did that factor contribute to the decision not to include
some of FHWA's recommendations in your state's design guides?

l. Other (Please specify.)

Factor      To    To some To a         To a     To a    Don't    Number of 
does      little          moderate    great     very    know               
     not     or no    extent     extent   extent  great           respondents 
    exist    extent                               extent                      
          0        0       1          0        0        2       0           3 

*** End of document. ***