Older Driver Safety: Survey of States on Their Implementation of Federal Highway Administration Recommendations and Guidelines (GAO-07-517SP), an E-supplement to GAO-07-413

Older Driver Safety: Survey of States on Their Implementation of
Federal Highway Administration Recommendations and Guidelines
(GAO-07-517SP), an E-supplement to GAO-07-413 (11-APR-07,
GAO-07-517SP).

This is the companion product to GAO-07-413. This document
presents selected results of GAO's survey of the departments of
transportation (DOT) in 50 states and the District of Columbia to
obtain information on the extent to which states have implemented
practices to make roads safer for older drivers. The questions in
our survey were posed to obtain information on the extent to
which states have incorporated Federal Highway Administration
(FHWA) recommendations to design roads with features to enhance
safety for older drivers, reasons for state DOTs rejecting FHWA
recommendations, the proportion of practitioners that have been
trained in state DOTs to implement FHWA recommendations, and the
extent to which states have developed plans and programmed
projects for older driver safety. The survey was e-mailed to DOT
officials in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, and we
obtained a response from each of the survey recipients. We do not
include responses for all survey questions. Specifically, this
document does not include narrative responses that we received.
Additionally, this document does not contain responses to
questions 4 and 6 because many states did not answer these
questions, and the responses we did receive were difficult to
present consistently and accurately because some states
supplemented their responses with qualifications or explanations.
A more detailed discussion of our scope and methodology is
contained in our report Older Driver Safety: Knowledge Sharing
Should Help States Prepare for Increase in Older Driver
Population, GAO-07-413 (Washington, D.C.: April 2007). We
administered the survey from September 2006 through January 2007
in accordance with generally accepted government auditing
standards.
-------------------------Indexing Terms-------------------------
REPORTNUM: GAO-07-517SP
ACCNO: A68065
TITLE: Older Driver Safety: Survey of States on Their
Implementation of Federal Highway Administration Recommendations
and Guidelines (GAO-07-517SP), an E-supplement to GAO-07-413
DATE: 04/11/2007
SUBJECT: Driver education
Driver records
Elderly persons
High risk drivers
Highway safety
Licenses
Program evaluation
Risk assessment
Safety regulation
Safety standards
Strategic planning
Surveys
Highway traffic control devices
Information sharing

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GAO-07-517SP

Older Driver Safety: Survey of States on Their Implementation of Federal Highway
Administration Recommendations and Guidelines (GAO-07-517SP), an E
[1093]supplement to GAO-07-413

Read the Full Report: Older Driver Safety: Knowledge Sharing Should Help
States Prepare for Increase in Older Driver Population (GAO-07-413)

[1094]Background Information

[1095]Instructions for Viewing This Survey

Background Information

This document presents selected results of GAO's survey of the departments
of transportation (DOT) in 50 states and the District of Columbia to
obtain information on the extent to which states have implemented
practices to make roads safer for older drivers. The questions in our
survey were posed to obtain information on the extent to which states have
incorporated Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) recommendations to
design roads with features to enhance safety for older drivers, reasons
for state DOTs rejecting FHWA recommendations, the proportion of
practitioners that have been trained in state DOTs to implement FHWA
recommendations, and the extent to which states have developed plans and
programmed projects for older driver safety. The survey was e-mailed to
DOT officials in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, and we
obtained a response from each of the survey recipients. We do not include
responses for all survey questions. Specifically, this document does not
include narrative responses that we received. Additionally, this document
does not contain responses to questions 4 and 6 because many states did
not answer these questions, and the responses we did receive were
difficult to present consistently and accurately because some states
supplemented their responses with qualifications or explanations.

A more detailed discussion of our scope and methodology is contained in
our report Older Driver Safety: Knowledge Sharing Should Help States
Prepare for Increase in Older Driver Population, GAO-07-413 (Washington,
D.C.: April 2007). We administered the survey from September 2006 through
January 2007 in accordance with generally accepted government auditing
standards.

Instructions for Viewing This E-Supplement

How to View the Survey and the Summary Results

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Contact Information

If you have questions concerning these data, please contact Katherine Siggerud
at (202) 512-6570 or [1096][email protected].

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U.S. Government Accountability Office

Questionnaire to Officials of State Departments of Transportation about Older
Driver Safety Programs

ID#

The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), an agency of the
Congress, is studying older driver safety. As part of this study, we are
surveying officials of the department of transportation in each of the 50
states and the District of Columbia.

To assist us, we ask that you complete and return this questionnaire to us
by e-mail or fax within the next 2 weeks. When responding, you may consult
with others who are also familiar with these topics, if you think it will
help you give a more accurate answer. The questionnaire should take 45
minutes or less to complete. If you have any questions about this
questionnaire, please contact [the name, telephone number and e-mail
address of two GAO staff appeared here when the survey was distributed].

Instructions

To complete the questionnaire electronically:

1. Save this document to your computer's hard drive in Microsoft Word.
2. Open the document and fill in your answers. Then, again save the
completed document.
3. E-mail the completed questionnaire and any written documentation as
attachments to [the name, telephone number, and e-mail address of a
GAO staff appeared here when the survey was distributed].

Or you may fax a copy of the completed questionnaire and any accompanying
documentation to [the name and fax number of GAO appeared here when the
survey was distributed]

To Answer Questions Electronically:

You can check answer boxes by clicking on the shaded boxes with your
mouse. If you need to change your answer, click a second time to uncheck
the box. You can complete "fill in the blank" and "narrative" answers by
clicking on the shaded area, then typing your answer.

Older Driver Programs

q [1097]1. Consider your state's current Strategic Highway Safety Plan
(SHSP ) designed for the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient
Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU). Does this plan
contain a section(s) that is devoted solely to older road users' safety
and mobility?

Yes

2. Will representatives of each of the organizations listed below be consulted
on the safety and mobility of older

drivers for your state's current SHSP?

o [1098]a. State Agency on the Aging
o b. Local agencies on the aging
o c. AAA (formerly American Automobile Association)
o d. AARP (formerly American Association of Retired Persons)
o e. American Society on Aging
o f. American Occupational Therapist Association (AOTA)
o [1099]g. Emergency response agencies
o h. State medical association
o i . Other (Please specify.)

Not

Yes No

Applicable

[1100]q 3. In its Federal Fiscal Year (FFY) 2007 State Transportation
Improvement Program (STIP), does your state identify any projects whose
main purpose is the improvement of older driver safety?

->(If `no," go to question 5.)

Yes

4. Consider all of the projects whose main purpose is the improvement of
older driver safety identified in your state's FFY 2007 STIP. What is the
amount of funding allocated for those projects from each of the sources
listed below? (Enter amount.)

None OR

Federal Aid funds (excluding state and local matching funds) $ State funds
(including state and local matching funds) $ Other (Please specify.) $

[1101]q 5. In its FFY 2007 STIP, does your state identify any projects
whose main purpose is the improvement of all drivers' safety at
intersections?

->(If `no," go to question 7.)

Yes

6. Consider all the projects identified in your state's FFY 2007 STIP
whose main purpose is the improvement of all drivers' safety at
intersections. What is the amount of funding allocated for those projects
from each of the sources listed below? (Enter amount. Please exclude funds
already entered in question 4.).)

None OR

Federal Aid funds (excluding state and local matching funds) $ State funds
(including state and local matching funds) $ Other (Please specify.) $

7. Listed below are some methods states might use to work with local
governments to improve older driver safety and mobility. Does your state
use each of the methods listed below?

o a. Offering training in road design and traffic control
o b. Holding sessions at statewide conferences
o c. Developing programs with Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs)
o d. Developing programs with the Local Technical Assistance Program
(LTAP)
o e. Other (Please specify.)

Yes No

Not Applicable

Definition: Resources include staff hours, and funds spent on research,
professional services and construction contracts.

8. As of today, to what extent, if any, has your department invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

To what extent, if any, has your state invested resources in

each type of project? (Check one in each row.)

To little To a To a To a very
or no To some moderate great great
extent extent extent extent extent
v v v v v

o a. Safety projects funded by SAFETEA-LU for high risk rural roads
o b. Projects to create safe routes to schools
o c. Safety projects at railway/highway intersections
o d. Work zone safety projects
o e. Older driver safety projects
o f. Projects related to the collection and analysis of crash data
o g. Roadside hazard elimination or mitigation projects
o h. Pedestrian and bicycle safety projects
o i. Road intersection safety projects
o j. Roadway departure projects
o k. Other (Please specify.)

Highway Maintenance, Improvement or New Construction

Definitions FHWA's Older Driver Handbook and Guides refers to the Federal
Highway Administration's (FHWA) "Highway Design Handbook for Older Drivers
and Pedestrians (2001), FHWA's "Guidelines and Recommendations to
Accommodate Older Drivers and Pedestrians (2001)," and to FHWA's "Pocket
Guide to Improve Traffic Control and Mobility for Our Older Population
(2003)."

Recommendations are those associated with the design elements listed in
FHWA's Older Driver Handbook and Guides.

All of the definitions below tie the words used in this questionnaire to
terms referred to in FWHA's Older Driver Handbook and Guides.

Before is sometimes referred to as "upstream of."

Railroad crossings with no gates or crossing signals are sometimes referred to
as "passive crossings."

Definitions (cont.) Reflective markers are sometimes referred to as
"retroreflective raised pavement markers."

Freeway entrance ramps with full width merge lanes for some distance are
sometimes referred to as "parallel ramps."

Where the land for the road cannot be acquired is sometimes referred to as
"restricted right of way."

Clarification: Questions that ask about implementing recommendations apply
only to those situations in which the recommendations are warranted and
feasible.

9. Listed below are some recommendations contained in FHWA's "Highway
Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians (2001)." Has your state
ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below? (Check one in each row.)

Yes, Yes, planning to implemented implement Undecided No

vvvv

o a. Use advance street name signs before major intersections
o b. Use a series of post-mounted delineators on both sides of the road
on approaches to railroad crossings with no gates or crossing signals
o [1102]c. Use black backplates on traffic signals on roads with
operating speeds of 40 mph or greater
o [1103]d. Supplement standard centerline pavement markings with
reflective markers approaching and through curves with a radius of
less than 3280 feet
o e. Use freeway entrance ramps with full width merge lanes for some
distance, rather than tapered ramps that merge into the freeway sooner
o f. Design or redesign roadway intersections so that the roads
intersect at an angle of at least 75 degrees where the land for the
road cannot be acquired.

10. Has your state implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
practices listed below? (Check one in each row.)

Yes, Yes, planning implemented to implement Undecided No

vvvv

o [1104]a. Use clear view fonts on signs on an experimental basis
o [1105]b. Use 12 inch lenses on all new traffic signals

Construction and Traffic Flow Practices Definitions Larger letters refer
to a height of at least 12 inches for upper-case and 9 inches for
lower-case letters.

Arrange opposing left turn lanes so that the driver's view is not
obstructed is sometimes referred to as "positive offset of opposing
left-turn lanes to minimize the obstruction of sight distances."
Reflective devices include retroreflectorized raised pavement markers,
object markers, delineators or

signs. More obvious is sometimes referred to as "increased conspicuity."
End of the ramp is sometimes referred to as the "terminus" of the ramp.
Channelizing devices include retroreflective traffic cones, tubular
markers, vertical striped panels,

chevron panels, traffic drums or delineators. Evidence is obtained by
analyzing crash data or through observations.

11. Listed below are some recommendations contained in FHWA's "Pocket
Guide to Improve Traffic Control and Mobility for Our Older Population
(2003)." Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement,
each of the recommendations listed below? (Check one in each row.)

Yes, Yes, planning
implemented to implement Undecided No
v v v v

o a. Use overhead street name signs with larger letters at major
intersections in urban areas where advance street name signs are not
used
o b. Arrange opposing left turn lanes so that the driver's view is not
obstructed
o c. Use reflective devices on medians and island curbs to make them
more obvious at intersections
o d. Use "Lane Use Arrows" or "Long Wrong Way Arrows" marked on the
pavement at the end of one way freeway ramps
o e. Use overhead "Intersection Lane Control Signs" at intersections
with traffic signals where drivers might have trouble positioning
themselves in the correct lane
o f. Use channelizing devices or temporary barriers to separate opposing
traffic in construction zones
o g. Use dashed turn path pavement markings in intersections where
evidence suggests that older drivers may experience difficulties
negotiating turns
o h. Use advance "STOP AHEAD," "YIELD AHEAD" and "SIGNAL AHEAD" signs on
approaches to intersections when existing signs or signals are not
visible soon enough to allow drivers sufficient distance to respond

Road Design Standards

* 12. What proportion, if any, of your department's technical staff
have been trained in the guidance presented in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides? (Check one.) All or almost all Most About half
* Some Few or none

o 13. Consider all of the recommendations contained in FHWA's Older
Driver Handbook and Guides. About what proportion of those
recommendations, if any, are currently included in your state's
highway design guides? (Check one.)

All

-> (If checked, go to question 16.)

Almost all

Most

About half

Some

Few

None

[1106]q 14. Now consider all of the recommendations contained in FHWA's
Older Driver Handbook and Guides that your state has not included in its
design guides. About what proportion of those recommendations, if any, is
your state considering for inclusion in its design guides? (Check one.)

All Almost all Most About half Some Few None

15. Listed below are some factors that might contribute to a state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides. If a factor does not exist in
your state, check column 1. If a factor exists, how much did that factor
contribute to the decision not to include some of FHWA's recommendations
in your state's design guides? (Check one box in each row.)

o a. Recommendations are viewed as minor
o b. Few standards are in place to support the recommendations
o [1107]c. Costs outweigh the benefits
o [1108]d. Lack of training about the recommendations at the state level
o e. Lack of training about the recommendations at the local level
o f. Resources not available for safety improvements
o g. Recommendations would have adverse effects on roadway capacity
o [1109]h. Engineers did not accept the recommendations
o i. Risk of litigation
o j. Recommendations have not yet been tested by the state
o k. State views the recommendations as unfunded mandates
o l. Other (Please specify.)

Factor exists and contributed...?

Factor

To a

does not

To little or To some moderate To a great

exist

no extent extent extent extent

vvvv

To a very great

Don't extent know

16. Who is the main person completing this questionnaire? Name: Title:
Telephone Number: E-mail address:

17. Would you enter below any other comments you might have about the topics
mentioned in this questionnaire?

Thank you very much for completing this questionnaire.

< [1110]back

1. Consider your state's current Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP)
designed for the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient
Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU).
2. Does this plan contain a section(s) that is devoted solely to older
road users' safety and mobility?

1. Will representatives of each of the organizations listed below be
consulted on the safety and mobility of older drivers for your state's
current SHSP?

No Yes Number of
respondents
23 27 50
[1111]< back

a. State Agency on the Aging

Yes No Not Number of
Applicable respondents
21 16 9 46

[1112]< back

2. Will representatives of each of the organizations listed below be
consulted on the safety and mobility of older drivers for your state's
current SHSP?

b. Local agencies on the aging

Yes No Not Number of
Applicable respondents
18 19 8 45

[1113]< back

2. Will representatives of each of the organizations listed below be
consulted on the safety and mobility of older drivers for your state's
current SHSP?

c. AAA (formerly American Automobile Association)

Yes No Not Number of
Applicable respondents
30 12 5 47

[1114]< back

2. Will representatives of each of the organizations listed below be
consulted on the safety and mobility of older drivers for your state's
current SHSP?

d. AARP (formerly American Association of Retired Persons)

Yes No Not Number of
Applicable respondents
26 14 6 46

[1115]< back

2. Will representatives of each of the organizations listed below be
consulted on the safety and mobility of older drivers for your state's
current SHSP?

e. American Society on Aging [1116]< back

Yes No Not Number of
Applicable respondents
3 30 6 39

2. Will representatives of each of the organizations listed below be
consulted on the safety and mobility of older drivers for your state's
current SHSP?

f. American Occupational Therapist Association (AOTA)

Yes No Not Number of
Applicable respondents
4 30 7 41

[1117]< back

2. Will representatives of each of the organizations listed below be
consulted on the safety and mobility of older drivers for your state's
current SHSP?

g. Emergency response agencies

Yes No Not Number of
Applicable respondents
35 6 5 46

[1118]< back

2. Will representatives of each of the organizations listed below be
consulted on the safety and mobility of older drivers for your state's
current SHSP?

h. State medical association

Yes No Not Number of
Applicable respondents
26 12 7 45

[1119]< back

2. Will representatives of each of the organizations listed below be
consulted on the safety and mobility of older drivers for your state's
current SHSP?

i. Other (Please specify.)

Yes No Not Number of
Applicable respondents
16 0 0 16

[1120]< back

3. In its Federal Fiscal Year (FFY) 2007 State Transportation Improvement
Program (STIP), does your state identify any projects whose main purpose
is the improvement of older driver safety?

No Yes Number of respondents

47 4 51

[1121]< back

5. In its FFY 2007 STIP, does your state identify any projects whose main
purpose is the improvement of all drivers' safety at intersections?

No Yes Number of respondents

2 49 51 [1122]< back

7. Listed below are some methods states might use to work with local
governments to improve older driver safety and mobility. Does your state
use each of the methods listed below?

a. Offering training in road design and traffic control

Yes No Not Number of
Applicable respondents
32 13 4 49

[1123]< back

7. Listed below are some methods states might use to work with local
governments to improve older driver safety and mobility. Does your state
use each of the methods listed below?

b. Holding sessions at statewide conferences

Yes No Not Number of
Applicable respondents
38 9 3 50

[1124]< back

7. Listed below are some methods states might use to work with local
governments to improve older driver safety and mobility. Does your state
use each of the methods listed below?

c. Developing programs with Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs)

Yes No Not Number of
Applicable respondents
21 23 2 46

[1125]< back

7. Listed below are some methods states might use to work with local
governments to improve older driver safety and mobility. Does your state
use each of the methods listed below?

d. Developing programs with the Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP)

Yes No Not Number of
Applicable respondents
29 17 2 48

[1126]< back

7. Listed below are some methods states might use to work with local
governments to improve older driver safety and mobility. Does your state
use each of the methods listed below?

e. Other (Please specify.)

Yes No Not Number of
Applicable respondents
8 0 0 8

[1127]< back

8. As of today, to what extent, if any, has your department invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

a. Safety projects funded by SAFETEA-LU for high risk rural roads [1128]<
back

To little To some To a moderate To a great To a very Number of
or no extent extent extent extent great extent respondents
15 12 12 7 4 50

8. As of today, to what extent, if any, has your department invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

b. Projects to create safe routes to schools

To little To some To a moderate To a great To a very Number of
or no extent extent extent extent great extent respondents
6 17 16 7 4 50

[1129]< back

8. As of today, to what extent, if any, has your department invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

c. Safety projects at railway/highway intersections

To little To some To a moderate To a great To a very Number of
or no extent extent extent extent great extent respondents
2 0 14 26 9 51

[1130]< back

8. As of today, to what extent, if any, has your department invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

d. Work zone safety projects

To little To some To a moderate To a great To a very Number of
or no extent extent extent extent great extent respondents
5 5 17 16 8 51

[1131]< back

8. As of today, to what extent, if any, has your department invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

e. Older driver safety projects

To little To some To a moderate To a great To a very Number of
or no extent extent extent extent great extent respondents
18 22 8 1 1 50

[1132]< back

8. As of today, to what extent, if any, has your department invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

f. Projects related to the collection and analysis of crash data

To little To some To a moderate To a great To a very Number of
or no extent extent extent extent great extent respondents
1 2 12 23 12 50

[1133]< back

8. As of today, to what extent, if any, has your department invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

g. Roadside hazard elimination or mitigation projects [1134]< back

To little To some To a moderate To a great To a very Number of
or no extent extent extent extent great extent respondents
0 0 15 28 8 51

8. As of today, to what extent, if any, has your department invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

h. Pedestrian and bicycle safety projects

To little To some To a moderate To a great To a very Number of
or no extent extent extent extent great extent respondents
2 15 26 6 1 50

[1135]< back

8. As of today, to what extent, if any, has your department invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

i. Road intersection safety projects

To little To some To a moderate To a great To a very Number of
or no extent extent extent extent great extent respondents
0 0 15 24 12 51

[1136]< back

8. As of today, to what extent, if any, has your department invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

j. Roadway departure projects

To little To some To a moderate To a great To a very Number of
or no extent extent extent extent great extent respondents
0 6 10 25 10 51

[1137]< back

8. As of today, to what extent, if any, has your department invested
resources in each of the types of safety projects listed below?

k. Other (Please specify.)

To little To some To a moderate To a great To a very Number of
or no extent extent extent extent great extent respondents
0 0 2 4 2 8

[1138]< back

9. Listed below are some recommendations contained in FHWA's "Highway
Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians (2001)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

a. Use advance street name signs before major intersections

Yes, Yes, planning Undecided No Number of
implemented to implement respondents
30 4 13 4 51

[1139]< back

9. Listed below are some recommendations contained in FHWA's "Highway
Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians (2001)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

b. Use a series of post-mounted delineators on both sides of the road on
approaches to railroad crossings with no gates or crossing signals

Yes, Yes, planning Undecided No Number of
implemented to implement respondents
4 2 19 21 46

[1140]< back

9. Listed below are some recommendations contained in FHWA's "Highway
Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians (2001)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

c. Use black backplates on traffic signals on roads with operating speeds
of 40 mph or greater

Yes, Yes, planning Undecided No Number of
implemented to implement respondents
36 3 6 5 50

[1141]< back

9. Listed below are some recommendations contained in FHWA's "Highway
Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians (2001)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

d. Supplement standard centerline pavement markings with reflective
markers approaching and through curves with a radius of less than 3280
feet

Yes, Yes, planning Undecided No Number of
implemented to implement respondents
17 0 13 20 50

[1142]< back

9. Listed below are some recommendations contained in FHWA's "Highway
Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians (2001)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

e. Use freeway entrance ramps with full width merge lanes for some
distance, rather than tapered ramps that merge into the freeway sooner

Yes, Yes, planning Undecided No Number of
implemented to implement respondents
29 3 10 8 50

[1143]< back

9. Listed below are some recommendations contained in FHWA's "Highway
Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians (2001)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

f. Design or redesign roadway intersections so that the roads intersect at
an angle of at least 75 degrees where the land for the road cannot be
acquired.

Yes, Yes, planning Undecided No Number of
implemented to implement respondents
28 4 10 7 49

[1144]< back

10. Has your state implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
practices listed below?

a. Use clear view fonts on signs on an experimental basis

Yes, Yes, planning Undecided No Number of implemented to implement
respondents

17 13 13 750

[1145]< back

10. Has your state implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
practices listed below?

b. Use 12 inch lenses on all new traffic signals

Yes, Yes, planning Undecided No Number of
implemented to implement respondents
48 0 2 1 51

[1146]< back

11. Listed below are some recommendations contained in FHWA's "Pocket
Guide to Improve Traffic Control and Mobility for Our Older Population
(2003)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

a. Use overhead street name signs with larger letters at major
intersections in urban areas where advance street name signs are not used

Yes, Yes, planning Undecided No Number of
implemented to implement respondents
30 3 11 7 51

[1147]< back

11. Listed below are some recommendations contained in FHWA's "Pocket
Guide to Improve Traffic Control and Mobility for Our Older Population
(2003)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

b. Arrange opposing left turn lanes so that the driver's view is not
obstructed

Yes, Yes, planning Undecided No Number of
implemented to implement respondents
33 6 9 2 50

[1148]< back

11. Listed below are some recommendations contained in FHWA's "Pocket
Guide to Improve Traffic Control and Mobility for Our Older Population
(2003)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

c. Use reflective devices on medians and island curbs to make them more
obvious at intersections

Yes, Yes, planning Undecided No Number of
implemented to implement respondents
39 4 5 2 50

[1149]< back

11. Listed below are some recommendations contained in FHWA's "Pocket
Guide to Improve Traffic Control and Mobility for Our Older Population
(2003)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

d. Use "Lane Use Arrows" or "Long Wrong Way Arrows" marked on the pavement
at the end of one way freeway ramps [1150]< back

Yes, Yes, planning Undecided No Number of
implemented to implement respondents
29 1 12 9 51

11. Listed below are some recommendations contained in FHWA's "Pocket
Guide to Improve Traffic Control and Mobility for Our Older Population
(2003)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

e. Use overhead "Intersection Lane Control Signs" at intersections with
traffic signals where drivers might have trouble positioning themselves in
the correct lane

Yes, Yes, planning Undecided No Number of
implemented to implement respondents
40 2 7 2 51

[1151]< back

11. Listed below are some recommendations contained in FHWA's "Pocket
Guide to Improve Traffic Control and Mobility for Our Older Population
(2003)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

f. Use channelizing devices or temporary barriers to separate opposing
traffic in construction zones

Yes, Yes, planning Undecided No Number of
implemented to implement respondents
48 1 1 1 51

[1152]< back

11. Listed below are some recommendations contained in FHWA's "Pocket
Guide to Improve Traffic Control and Mobility for Our Older Population
(2003)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

g. Use dashed turn path pavement markings in intersections where evidence
suggests that older drivers may experience difficulties negotiating turns

Yes, Yes, planning Undecided No Number of
implemented to implement respondents
41 1 4 4 50

[1153]< back

11. Listed below are some recommendations contained in FHWA's "Pocket
Guide to Improve Traffic Control and Mobility for Our Older Population
(2003)."

Has your state ever implemented, or does it plan to implement, each of the
recommendations listed below?

h. Use advance "STOP AHEAD," "YIELD AHEAD" and "SIGNAL AHEAD" signs on
approaches to intersections when existing signs or signals are not visible
soon enough to allow drivers sufficient distance to respond

Yes, Yes, planning Undecided No Number of
implemented to implement respondents
51 0 0 0 51

[1154]< back

12. What proportion, if any, of your department's technical staff have
been trained in the guidance presented in FHWA's Older Driver Handbook and
Guides?

All or almost Most About half Some Few or none Number of all respondents

2 7 3 32 7 51

[1155]< back

13. Consider all of the recommendations contained in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides. About what proportion of those recommendations,
if any, are currently included in your state's highway design guides?
[1156]< back

About what proportion of those recommendations, if any, are currently included in your state's highway design guides?

All Almost all Most About half Some Few None Number of
respondents
1 4 10 9 20 5 1 50

14. Now consider all of the recommendations contained in FHWA's Older
Driver Handbook and Guides that your state has not included in its
design guides.

About what proportion of those recommendations, if any, is your state
considering for inclusion in its design guides?

All Almost all Most About half Some Few None Number of
respondents
0 2 10 3 24 8 2 49

[1157]< back

15. Listed below are some factors that might contribute to a state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

If a factor does not exist in your state, check column 1. If a factor
exists, how much did that factor contribute to the decision not to include
some of FHWA's recommendations in your state's design guides?

a. Recommendations are viewed as minor

Factor To To some To a To a To a Don't Number of
does little moderate great very know
not or no extent extent extent great respondents
exist extent extent
16 12 13 3 0 0 5 49

[1158]< back

15. Listed below are some factors that might contribute to a state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

b. Few standards are in place to support the recommendations

Factor To To some To a To a To a Don't Number of
does little moderate great very know
not or no extent extent extent great respondents
exist extent extent
8 9 17 4 4 2 5 49

[1159]< back

15. Listed below are some factors that might contribute to a state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

c. Costs outweigh the benefits [1160]< back

Factor To To some To a To a To a Don't Number of
does little moderate great very know
not or no extent extent extent great respondents
exist extent extent
3 9 6 12 10 2 6 48

15. Listed below are some factors that might contribute to a state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

d. Lack of training about the recommendations at the state level

Factor To To some To a To a To a Don't Number of
does little moderate great very know
not or no extent extent extent great respondents
exist extent extent
6 14 12 8 4 1 3 48

[1161]< back

15. Listed below are some factors that might contribute to a state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

e. Lack of training about the recommendations at the local level

Factor To To some To a To a To a Don't Number of
does little moderate great very know
not or no extent extent extent great respondents
exist extent extent
5 10 12 5 3 7 6 48

[1162]< back

15. Listed below are some factors that might contribute to a state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

f. Resources not available for safety improvements

Factor To To some To a To a To a Don't Number of
does little moderate great very know
not or no extent extent extent great respondents
exist extent extent
8 3 11 10 8 3 3 46

[1163]< back

15. Listed below are some factors that might contribute to a state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

g. Recommendations would have adverse effects on roadway capacity

Factor To To some To a To a To a Don't Number of
does little moderate great very know
not or no extent extent extent great respondents
exist extent extent
12 15 14 3 0 0 3 47

[1164]< back

15. Listed below are some factors that might contribute to a state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

h. Engineers did not accept the recommendations [1165]< back

Factor To To some To a To a To a Don't Number of
does little moderate great very know
not or no extent extent extent great respondents
exist extent extent
13 16 13 2 0 1 3 48

15. Listed below are some factors that might contribute to a state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

i. Risk of litigation

Factor To To some To a To a To a Don't Number of
does little moderate great very know
not or no extent extent extent great respondents
exist extent extent
14 18 7 4 0 0 5 48

[1166]< back

15. Listed below are some factors that might contribute to a state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

j. Recommendations have not yet been tested by the state

Factor To To some To a To a To a Don't Number of
does little moderate great very know
not or no extent extent extent great respondents
exist extent extent
6 8 18 7 6 0 2 47

[1167]< back

15. Listed below are some factors that might contribute to a state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

k. State views the recommendations as unfunded mandates

Factor To To some To a To a To a Don't Number of
does little moderate great very know
not or no extent extent extent great respondents
exist extent extent
18 15 4 4 1 2 3 47

[1168]< back

15. Listed below are some factors that might contribute to a state's
decision not to include some of the recommendations in FHWA's Older Driver
Handbook and Guides in its design guides.

l. Other (Please specify.)

Factor To To some To a To a To a Don't Number of
does little moderate great very know
not or no extent extent extent great respondents
exist extent extent
0 0 1 0 0 2 0 3

*** End of document. ***