Multiple Employment and Training Programs: Funding and		 
Performance Measures for Major Programs (18-APR-03, GAO-03-589). 
                                                                 
Federally funded employment and training programs serve an	 
important role in the nation's economy by helping job seekers	 
enhance their job skills, identify job opportunities and	 
ultimately find employment. While the Department of Labor is	 
responsible for overseeing many of these programs, other agencies
such as the Departments of Health and Human Services and Housing 
and Urban Development also play a role. In the 1990s, we issued a
series of reports that highlighted the range of programs that	 
provided employment and training services. Again in 2000, just	 
after the implementation of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA),  
which provided for a consolidated service delivery system for	 
many of the programs, we reviewed the workforce development	 
system, identifying 40 federally funded employment and training  
programs--operated through seven federal agencies--for which a	 
key program goal was providing employment and training		 
assistance. As WIA approaches reauthorization, it is important to
re-examine the system's structure to determine if additional	 
changes are indicated. Specifically, we determined (1) how many  
federal employment and training programs there were in fiscal	 
year 2002, their appropriations in fiscal years 2001, 2002, and  
2003; and the proportion of funds used to provide employment and 
training services; (2) how many individuals were served by the	 
programs and the target populations and services associated with 
each program; and (3) the kinds of outcome measures used by the  
programs.							 
-------------------------Indexing Terms------------------------- 
REPORTNUM:   GAO-03-589 					        
    ACCNO:   A06687						        
  TITLE:     Multiple Employment and Training Programs: Funding and   
Performance Measures for Major Programs 			 
     DATE:   04/18/2003 
  SUBJECT:   Appropriated funds 				 
	     Employment or training programs			 
	     Federal funds					 
	     Performance measures				 
	     Funds management					 
	     Labor force					 
	     Federal employees					 

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GAO-03-589

a

GAO United States General Accounting Office

Report to Congressional Requesters

April 2003 MULTIPLE EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING PROGRAMS

Funding and Performance Measures for Major Programs

GAO- 03- 589

Page i GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Letter 1
Appendix I Update of Employment and Training Programs 4

Appendix II Federally Funded Employment and Training Programs by Agency,
Fiscal Year 2002 20

Appendix III Appropriations, Fiscal Year 1999- 2003 21

Appendix IV Estimated Number of Program Participants Who Received
Employment and Training Services 24

Appendix V Programs Requiring Beneficiaries to be Economically
Disadvantaged in Fiscal Year 1999 or 2002 26

Appendix VI Outcome Measures 27

Appendix VII Population Groups Served by Employment and Training Programs
32

Appendix VIII Services Provided by Employment and Training Programs 34
Contents

Page ii GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Appendix IX
Program Objectives and Eligibility Criteria for

Federally Funded Employment and Training Programs, by Target Population 38

Related Products 53

Tables

Table 1: OMB*s Common Measures for Employment and Training Programs 27
Table 2: Programs* Outcome Tracking Requirements Under OMB*s

Common Measures Initiative and Outcome Measures Tracked by the Programs in
Fiscal Year 2003 28 Abbreviations

DOD Department of Defense DOI/ BIA Department of the Interior/ Bureau of
Indian Affairs DOJ Department of Justice DOL Department of Labor ED
Department of Education

HHS Department of Health and Human Services HUD Department of Housing and
Urban Development USDA Department of Agriculture VA Department of Veterans
Affairs This is a work of the U. S. Government and is not subject to
copyright protection in the

United States. It may be reproduced and distributed in its entirety
without further permission from GAO. It may contain copyrighted graphics,
images or other materials. Permission from the copyright holder may be
necessary should you wish to reproduce copyrighted materials separately
from GAO*s product.

Page 1 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs April 18,
2003 The Honorable John A. Boehner Chairman

Committee on Education and the Workforce House of Representatives

The Honorable Howard P. *Buck* McKeon Chairman Subcommittee on 21 st
Century Competitiveness Committee on Education and the Workforce House of
Representatives

Federally funded employment and training programs serve an important role
in the nation*s economy by helping job seekers enhance their job skills,
identify job opportunities and ultimately find employment. While the
Department of Labor is responsible for overseeing many of these programs,
other agencies such as the Departments of Health and Human Services (HHS)
and Housing and Urban Development (HUD) also play a role. In the 1990s, we
issued a series of reports that highlighted the range of programs that
provided employment and training services. Again in 2000, just after the
implementation of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA), which provided for a
consolidated service delivery system for many of the programs, we reviewed
the workforce development system, identifying 40 federally funded
employment and training programs- operated through seven federal
agencies-- for which a key program goal was providing employment and
training assistance. a As WIA approaches reauthorization, it is important
to re- examine the system*s structure to determine if additional changes
are indicated.

To understand the current structure, you asked us to provide you with an
update of the employment and training programs we reported on in 2000.
Specifically, you asked us to determine (1) how many federal employment

and training programs there were in fiscal year 2002, their appropriations
in fiscal years 2001, 2002, and 2003, and the proportion of funds used to
provide employment and training services; (2) how many individuals were

a Multiple Employment and Training Programs: Overlapping Programs Indicate
Need for Closer Examination of Structure. GAO- 01- 71. Washington, D. C.:
October 13, 2000.

United States General Accounting Office Washington, DC 20548

Page 2 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs served by
the programs and the target populations and services associated with each
program; and (3) the kinds of outcome measures used by the

programs. To address these questions, we distributed a questionnaire to
officials in nine federal agencies, collecting information about funding
levels, type and number of participants, services provided and outcome
measures tracked. Applying the same definition used in the earlier study,
we defined employment and training programs as those specifically designed
to (1) help job seekers find employment (2) enhance specific job skills of
individuals in order to increase their employability, and (3) identify job
opportunities. Our analysis included all programs reported in the earlier
study if they were still funded in fiscal year 2002, as well as additional
programs identified by agency officials and confirmed by questionnaire
responses. We compared the results to those we obtained in the earlier
study. We also consulted the 2002 Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance
to corroborate responses obtained in the questionnaire and to verify that
employment and training activities were a major focus of the programs. We
conducted our work from November 2002 to March 2003 in accordance with
generally accepted government auditing standards.

On March 21, 2003, we briefed your staff on the results of our analyses.
This report formally conveys the information provided during that
briefing. Appendix I contains the briefing slides. In summary, we
identified 44 programs administered by 9 federal agencies

that provided a range of employment and training services. While many of
the programs were the same as those included in the 2000 report, 10
programs were newly identified and 6 previously identified programs had
been discontinued. Collectively, appropriations for employment and
training programs remained relatively constant between fiscal years 1999
and 2002, totaling about $30 billion in both 2001 and 2002, with roughly
$12 billion used for employment and training activities. While six
programs accounted for 73 percent of the $12 billion total, a majority of
programs reported using 75 percent or more of their appropriations for
employment and training activities.

The programs served a total of more than 30 million individuals, with
about three- fourths of the programs focusing their services primarily on
one target population. Some of the programs were small, serving about 100
participants, while other programs were quite large, serving just over 19
million participants. Seventy- seven percent of the programs identified
one primary target population as the intended service recipients, with
Native

Page 3 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Americans,
veterans, and youth ranking among the most frequently cited target
populations. Thirteen programs required participants to be

economically disadvantaged in fiscal year 2002, compared with 15 programs
in 1999. Although fewer total programs required participants to be
economically disadvantaged in 2002, 5 of the 15 programs with that
requirement in 1999 were discontinued by 2002, including 2 Welfare- toWork
Grant programs and 3 Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) programs.
Further, 3 of the 13 programs that currently require participants to be
economically disadvantaged did not have that

requirement in 1999. Employment counseling and job search/ job placement
activities were among the most commonly provided services.

All but one of the 44 programs we identified reported that they are
tracking at least one outcome measure in 2003. The most frequently cited
outcome measure was *entered employment** the number of program
participants finding jobs. This measure is being tracked by 39 of the 44
programs in 2003.

We provided a draft of this report to officials at each of the 9 agencies
for their technical review and incorporated their comments where
appropriate. We are sending copies of this report to relevant
congressional committees

and other interested parties and will make copies available to others upon
request. In addition, the report will be available at no charge on GAO*s
Web site at http:// www. gao. gov.

A list of related GAO products is included at the end of this report. If
you or your staff have any questions concerning this report, please
contact Dianne Blank or me at (202) 512- 7215. Tiffany Boiman, Mark De La
Rosa, Cindy Steinfink, Cedric Burton and Jay Smale also made key
contributions to this report.

Sigurd R. Nilsen Director, Education, Workforce,

and Income Security Issues

Page 4 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Appendix I:
Update of Employment and Training Programs

0

Update of Employment and Training Programs

Briefing for Staff of the Committee on Education and the Workforce

and Subcommittee on 21 st Century Competitiveness, House of
Representatives

March 21, 2003

Appendix I: Update of Employment and Training Programs

Page 5 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs 1

Key Questions

1. How many federal employment and training programs were there in fiscal
year 2002? What was their appropriation in fiscal years 2001 and 2002, and
what proportion was used for employment and

training services? 2. How many individuals did the programs serve? What
were the

target populations and services associated with each program? 3. How many
of these programs track outcome measures? What kinds of measures are they
using?

Appendix I: Update of Employment and Training Programs

Page 6 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs 2

Scope and Methodology

 Questionnaire distributed to officials in nine federal agencies between
12/ 9/ 2002 and 1/ 28/ 2003. Data are self- reported.

 Defined employment and training programs as those specifically designed
to  help job seekers find employment  enhance specific job skills of
individuals in order to increase their

employability and/ or  identify job opportunities.  The programs in the
current review include:

 Programs from the 2000 report (GAO- 01- 71)

 Included if they were still being funded in fiscal year 2002.  Recent
additions

 Identified by agency officials.

Appendix I: Update of Employment and Training Programs

Page 7 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs 3

Summary of Findings

 We identified 44 federal programs that provided a range of employment
and training services. These programs represent a combined appropriation
of about $30 billion in fiscal year 2002. Most of the programs reported
using 75 percent or more of their appropriations for employment and
training activities.

 The programs reported serving more than 30 million participants, with
about three- fourths focusing their services on one primary target
population. More programs reported providing employment counseling and job
search/ job placement activities than any other services.  All but 1
program reported that they are tracking at least one outcome

measure in fiscal year 2003, most often *entered employment.*

Appendix I: Update of Employment and Training Programs

Page 8 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs 4

Nine Agencies Oversee 44 Employment and Training Programs

(See appendix II for a full list of programs in the current review.)

Source: GAO analysis. Programs and Funding

Current study 44 10 6 40 Total

1 0 0 1 Veterans Administration 17 6 6 17 Labor

1 1 0 0 Justice 3 0 0 3 Interior

1 0 0 1 Housing and Urban Development 6 0 0 6 Health and Human Services

13 2 0 11 Education 1 1 0 0 Defense

1 0 0 1 Agriculture

Total programs in FY 2002 Newly identified programs Discontinued programs
Programs In FY 2000 study Federal agency

Appendix I: Update of Employment and Training Programs

Page 9 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs 5

Overall 2002 Funding Levels for Programs Providing Employment and Training
Are Comparable to 1999

 The 44 programs in the current review had a combined appropriation of: 
$30. 637 billion in 2002  $30. 045 billion in 2001

 The 40 programs we reviewed in 2000 had a combined appropriation of: 
$29. 251 billion in 2000  $30. 920 billion in 1999

 34 programs were included in both reviews and had combined
appropriations of:  $26. 499 billion in 2002  $26. 099 billion in 1999
Programs and Funding

(See appendix III for the appropriations of each program in the current
review.)

Appendix I: Update of Employment and Training Programs

Page 10 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs 6

Appropriations Have Increased for About Half of Programs That Provide
Employment and Training

 Net change:

 Total appropriations increased 2.0 percent between FY 2001 and FY 2002.
 Program- by- program changes:

 Twenty- four programs (or 55 percent) reported an increase in total
appropriations between 2001 and 2002,

 11 programs increased 5 percent or more, and  13 programs increased 1
to 5 percent.  Fifteen programs reported no change.  Four programs
reported a decrease.

 Between 1999 and 2002, appropriations increased for 24 of the 34
programs that spanned both reviews. Programs and Funding

Appendix I: Update of Employment and Training Programs

Page 11 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs 7

Employment and Training Was a Major Focus for Most Programs

 Forty of the 44 programs could estimate the amount spent on employment
and training services in 2001; 39 programs could provide estimates for
2002. a

 Thirty- five programs spent at least 75 percent of their funds on
employment and training activities in both years.

 In 2001, 26 programs spent 100 percent.  In 2002, 25 programs spent 100
percent.  Two programs spent 30 percent or less of their 2002
appropriations for

employment and training activities.  Refugee Assistance* Voluntary Agency
Programs  Migrant Education* High School Equivalency Program Programs and
Funding

a Two of the programs that were unable to estimate the amount obligated
for employment and training in this review had appropriations exceeding $1
billion. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) reported
appropriations of $17 billion for FY 2002, and Vocational Education* Basic
Grants to States reported appropriations of $1.2 billion for FY 2002.

Appendix I: Update of Employment and Training Programs

Page 12 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs 8

Six Programs Accounted for Most of the Employment and Training Spending in
Both Fiscal Years 1999 and 2001

 In 2001, six programs accounted for 73 percent of the $12.657 billion
used for employment and training services.

 In 1999, six programs accounted for 64 percent of the $11.720 billion
used for employment and training services.

 Of the six programs identified in 2001,  three were the same as in
1999* State Vocational Rehabilitation

Services, Job Corps, and Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)
grants, and  three were new Workforce Investment Act (WIA) programs that

replaced Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) programs. Programs and
Funding

Appendix I: Update of Employment and Training Programs

Page 13 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs 9

Number of Participants Served Varied Greatly

 Forty- two of the 44 programs in the current review could provide a
count of the number of participants served.  Overall, more than 30
million participants were served.  The number of participants ranged from
113 to just over 19 million.  A majority of programs (57% or 24 of the
42) served between 5,000

and 500,000 participants.  In 1999, 39 of the 40 programs could provide a
count of participants

served.  The number of participants ranged from 318 to 12,000,000. 
Slightly less than half of programs (46% or 18 of the 39) served

between 5,000 and 500,000 participants. Participants and Services

(See appendix IV for a list of the number of participants served by each
program.)

Appendix I: Update of Employment and Training Programs

Page 14 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs 10

Most of the Programs Identified a Primary Target Population

 Most of the programs targeted participants from certain populations. 
In 2002, 34 of the 44 programs (or 77 percent) reported focusing

services largely on one primary target population.  In 1999, 33 of the 40
programs (or 83 percent) reported focusing

services largely on one primary target population. Participants and
Services

(See appendix VII for a complete list of the population groups served by
each program.)

Appendix I: Update of Employment and Training Programs

Page 15 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs 11 3

1 2

2 2

2 2

3 5

6 6

0 1 23 4 567

Other Older workers

Other low- income individuals Migrant/ seasonal farmworkers

Dislocated workers Unemployed

Refugees Persons with physical or mental disabilities

Veterans/ disabled veterans Youth

Native Americans

Number of programs Programs Targeted a Range of Populations

Primary target populations identified by programs, FY 2002 Population
groups

Participants and Services Source: GAO analysis. a Category includes
American Indians and all other indigenous populations.

a

Appendix I: Update of Employment and Training Programs

Page 16 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs 12

Services provided by all employment and training programs, fiscal years
1999 and 2002 010 2030 40 50 6070 80 90 Percentage of programs providing
service Programs Provided a Range of Services

Source: GAO analysis. Note: Each program could provide multiple services;
columns will not sum to 100 percent.

(See appendix VIII for a complete list of the services provided by each
program.)

FY 1999 FY 2002

Services provided

Participants and Services Employment counseling and assessment GED
assistance and other education leading to high school diplomas Education
leading to postsecondary and technical certificates and degrees

Job development Job readiness skills

Job referrals Job retention training Job search/ job placement activities
Occupational or vocational training

On the job training Remedial academic/ Eng. lang. skills/ basic adult
literacy

Work experience Other Support services (e. g., transportation, housing,
child care, etc.)

Appendix I: Update of Employment and Training Programs

Page 17 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs 13

Some Programs Focused on Economically Disadvantaged in 2002

 Thirteen programs required participants to be economically disadvantaged
in fiscal year 2002.  Three of these programs did not require
participants to be disadvantaged

in 1999.  Nine programs required participants to be economically
disadvantaged

both in 1999 and in 2002.  One program was newly identified in the 2002
review.

 In fiscal year 1999, 15 programs required participants to be
economically disadvantaged.

 Five of those programs have been discontinued or replaced. Participants
and Services

(See appendix V for a list of programs requiring beneficiaries to be
disadvantaged in 1999 and 2002.)

Appendix I: Update of Employment and Training Programs

Page 18 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs 14

Nearly All Programs Track Outcome Measures

 Nearly all of the 44 programs we surveyed reported tracking at least one
employment- related outcome measure (40 in FY 2002; 43 in FY 2003).  Four
programs reported that they did not track any outcome

measures in 2002.  One program, the Food Stamp Employment and Training
Program, will not be tracking outcomes in 2003.

 Two programs allowed individual grantees to define their own outcome
measures, making it difficult to track outcomes at the national level.
Outcome Measures

(See appendix VI for more information on programs monitoring outcome
measures.)

Appendix I: Update of Employment and Training Programs

Page 19 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs 15

*Entered Employment* Was the Most Commonly Tracked Outcome Measure

Outcome Measures 12 11 Customer satisfaction 12 11 Other outcomes

1 4 No outcomes 19 18 Other "positive" outcomes

22 22 Wage gain/ change 25 25 Educational/ credential attainment

28 23 Employment retention 39 38 Entered employment

Number of programs measuring this outcome

in 2003 Number of programs

measuring this outcome in 2002 Outcome measures

Source: GAO analysis.

Appendix I: Update of Employment and Training Programs

Page 20 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs LABOR

 Disabled Veterans Outreach Program

 Employment Service

 Homeless Veterans* Reintegration Program

 H- 1B Technical Skills Training a  Job Corps

 Local Veterans* Employment Representative Program

 Migrant and Seasonal Farm Workers

 Native American Employment and Training Programs

 Registered Apprenticeship Training

 Responsible Reintegration of Youth Offenders a  Senior Community
Service Employment Program

 Trade Adjustment Assistance and NAFTA* Transitional Adjustment
Assistance

 Veterans* Workforce Investment Program

 Workforce Investment Act (WIA)

 WIA Adults a  WIA Dislocated Workers a  WIA Youth a  Youth
Opportunity Grants a

EDUCATION  Adult Education* State Grant Program

 American Indian Vocational Rehabilitation Services

 Grants to States for Incarcerated Youth Offenders

 Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers Program a  Migrant Education* High
School Equivalency Program

 Native American Vocational and Technical Education Program

 Native Hawaiian Vocational Education

 Projects with Industry

 State Supported Employment Services Program

 State Vocational Rehabilitation Services

 Tech Prep Education Program a  Tribally Controlled Post- Secondary
Vocational and Technical Institutions

 Vocational Education* Basic Grants to States

HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

 Community Services Block Grant

 Community Services Block Grant* Discretionary Awards

 Refugee Assistance* Voluntary Agency Programs

 Refugee and Entrant Assistance* Targeted Assistance

 Temporary Assistance for Needy Families

 Tribal Work Grants b INTERIOR

 Indian Employment Assistance

 Indian Job Placement* United Sioux Tribes Development Corporation

 Indian Vocational Training* United Tribes Technical College

AGRICULTURE

 Food Stamp Employment and Training Program

DEFENSE

 Youth Challenge Program a

HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

 Opportunities for Youth* Youthbuild Program JUSTICE

 Serious and Violent Offenders Program a

VETERANS

 Vocational Rehabilitation for Disabled Veterans Source: GAO analysis. a
Program added during current review.

b Also known as the Native Employment Works Program.

Appendix II: Federally Funded Employment and Training Programs by Agency,
Fiscal Year 2002

Appendix III: Appropriations, Fiscal Year 1999- 2003

Page 21 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
name 1999 Appropriation d 2000

Appropriation d 2001 Appropriation 2002

Appropriation 2003 Appropriation i Temporary Assistance

for Needy Families (TANF) $ 17,692,000,000 $ 16,689,000,000 $
16,689,175,000 $ 17,008,625,000 $ 16,882,000,000 e State Vocational

Rehabilitation Services 2,287,128,000 2,315,587,000 2,375,792,000
2,455,385,000 2,506,948,000 WIA Dislocated Workers a 1,589,025,000
1,589,025,000 1,590,040,000 1,461,145,495 Job Corps 1,308,000,000
1,358,000,000 1, 399,148,000 1,458,732,000 1,522,240,700 Vocational
Education-

Basic Grants to States 1,013,128,950 1,032,003,440 1,075,360,000
1,153,568,000 1,192,200,000 WIA Youth a 1,240,965,000 1,127,965,000
1,127,965,000 994,458,728 WIA Adults a 950,000,000 950,000,000 950,000,000
898,778,000 Employment Service 761,700,000 761,700,000 761,735,000
761,735,000 756,783,723 Community Services Block Grant 499,828,821
527,700,000 599,967,000 649,957,976 645,762,085

Vocational Rehabilitation for Disabled Veterans 483,690,000 499,016,000
534,917,000 606,559,000 656,849,000 Adult Education-- State Grant Program
365,000,000 441,916,000 540,000,000 575,000,000 571,262,500 Senior
Community Service Employment Program 440,200,000 440,200,000 440,200,000
445,000,000 442,306,200 Trade Adjustment Assistance and NAFTA--
Transitional Adjustment Assistance 360,700,000 415,150,000 406,550,000
415,650,000 972,000,000 Food Stamp Employment and Training Program
269,354,000 329,904,000 353,000,000 253,000,000 110,000,000 Youth
Opportunity Grants a a 250,000,000 225,000,000 42,442,320 Tech Prep
Education Program a a 106,000,000 108,000,000 107,298,000 Disabled
Veterans Outreach Program 80,040,000 80,215,000 81,615,000 81,365,000
82,078,003 Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers (Labor) 71,517,000 74,195,000
76,770,000 80,770,000 77,330,066 Local Veterans' Employment Representative
Program 77,078,000 77,253,000 77,253,000 77,253,000 77,744,356

Opportunities for Youth-- Youthbuild Program 39,600,000 40,000,000
60,000,000 65,000,000 60,000,000

Appendix III: Appropriations, Fiscal Year 1999- 2003

Appendix III: Appropriations, Fiscal Year 1999- 2003

Page 22 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
name 1999 Appropriation d 2000

Appropriation d 2001 Appropriation 2002

Appropriation 2003 Appropriation i Youth Challenge

Program a a 62,500,000 62,500,000 64,850,000 Native American Employment
and

Training Programs 69,639,842 68,814,475 55,000,000 57,000,000 55,636,000
Refugee Assistance- Voluntary Agency Programs 43,100,000 53,600,000
58,472,000 56,369,000 49,000,000 Responsible Reintegration of Youth
Offenders a a 55,000,000 55,000,000 54,642,500 Refugee and Entrant
Assistance-- Targeted Assistance 49,477,000 49,477,000 49,477,000
49,477,000 49,155,400 The State Supported Employment Services Program
38,152,000 38,152,000 38,152,000 38,152,000 37,904,000 Community Services
Block Grant- Discretionary Awards 26,560,000 26,560,000 29,854,000
33,976,000 34,284,692 American Indian Vocational

Rehabilitation Service Program 17,283,000 23,390,000 23,998,000 25,998,000
26,544,000 Migrant Education- High School Equivalency Program 9,000,000
15,000,000 20,000,000 23,000,000 23,347,250

Projects with Industry 22,071,000 22,071,000 22,071,000 22,071,000
21,928,000 Registered Apprenticeship Training 17,660,000 19,141,000
21,000,000 21,000,000 20,698,579 Homeless Veterans' Reintegration Program
3,000,000 9,636,000 17,500,000 18,250,000 18,131,375 Grants to States for
Incarcerated Youth Offenders 12,000,000 14,000,000 17,000,000 17,000,000
18,379,750 Serious and Violent Offenders Program a a 29,934,000 14,934,000
14,836,929 f Native American Vocational and

Technical Education Program 12,883,125 13,195,625 13,750,000 14,750,000
14,902,500 Indian Employment Assistance 10,859,000 17,724,845 8,775,000
9,042,000

g Tribal Work Grants 1,700,000 1,700,000 7,633,287 7,633,287 7,633,287 h
Veterans' Workforce Investment Program 7,300,000 7,300,000 7,300,000
7,550,000 7,376,738

Appendix III: Appropriations, Fiscal Year 1999- 2003

Page 23 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
name 1999 Appropriation d 2000

Appropriation d 2001 Appropriation 2002

Appropriation 2003 Appropriation i Tribally Controlled

Postsecondary Vocational and Technical Institutions 4,100,000 4,600,000
5,600,000 6,500,000 6,954,500 Indian Vocational Training-- United Tribes
Technical College 2,370,000 2,370,000 2,424,654 3,000,000

g Native Hawaiian Vocational Education 2,576,625 2,639,125 2,639,125
2,750,000 2,980,500 Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers Program (Edcation) a
a 2,350,000 2,350,000 2,335,000 Indian Job Placement- United Sioux Tribes
Development Corporation 107,000

c 106,675 250,000

g H- 1B Technical Skills Training a a b b 97,625,000

Total appropriations $26,098,803,363 $29,251,200,510 $30,045,008,741
$30,637,157,263 $30,688,773,176

Source: Agency officials. a Not included in the last review.

b This program is funded by service fees. c Not funded in fiscal year
2000. d Appropriations information obtained from GAO- 01- 71. e This
figure represents FY 2003 budget authority for the TANF program. f This
figure represents only the portion of the program*s funding that comes
from the Department of Justice. g Agency officials unable to provide
appropriations information.

h Program*s authorization expired after FY 2002. Continuing resolutions
provide appropriations for the first three quarters of FY 2003 at FY 2002
levels, and program officials anticipate that the full year*s funding will
be $7,633,287. i FY 2003 figures include recission where applicable.

Appendix IV: Estimated Number of Program Participants Who Received
Employment and Training Services

Page 24 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
Fiscal year 1999 Fiscal year 2002 a, i Employment Service 12,000,000
19,016,071 Adult Education-- State Grant Program 4,020,000 2,673,692

Tech Prep Education Program Not included 1,525,994 Vocational Education--
Basic Grants to States 4,000,000 b 1,330,404 h State Vocational
Rehabilitation Services 1,200,000 c 1,300,000 j Food Stamp Employment and
Training Program 700,000 712,000

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) 875,000 605,497 j Local
Veterans' Employment Representative Program 498,401 523,534 Registered
Apprenticeship Training 411,000 488,000 Disabled Veterans Outreach Program
498,655 459,814 WIA Adults Not included 392,194 WIA Youth Not included
373,074 WIA Dislocated Workers Not included 330,439 Community Services
Block Grant-- Discretionary Awards 2,000 213,764 e, h Senior Community
Service Employment Program 101,000 107,000 j Vocational Rehabilitation for
Disabled Veterans 52,000 69,634

Job Corps 70,685 67,800 Youth Opportunity Grants Not included 42,000 Trade
Adjustment Assistance and NAFTA-- Transitional Adjustment Assistance
30,000 40,000

Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers (Labor) 42,200 36,700 Refugee and Entrant
Assistance-- Targeted Assistance 46,600 25,000 h H- 1B Technical Skills
Training Not included 24,899

Refugee Assistance-- Voluntary Agency Programs 24,000 23,400 Native
American Employment and Training Programs 19,367 18,590 j Grants to States
for Incarcerated Youth Offenders 3,000 16,178 j Homeless Veterans'
Reintegration Project 4,136 12,142

Projects with Industry 13,945 12,000 The State Supported Employment
Services Program 37,008 10,254 f, h Tribal Work Grants 21,761 10,000 j, k
Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers Program (Education) Not included 9,500 h
Migrant Education-- High School Equivalency Program 1,600 7,000

Youth Challenge Program Not included 6,500 Responsible Reintegration of
Youth Offenders Not included 5,000 i Veterans' Workforce Investment
Program 3,615 4,600 h American Indian Vocational Rehabilitation Service
Program 3,200 4,473 j Opportunities for Youth-- Youthbuild Program 2,767
3,729

Indian Employment Assistance 3,200 3,724 g Native American Vocational and
Technical Education Program 1,788 2,920 h Native Hawaiian Vocational
Education 318 1,024 Tribally Controlled Postsecondary Vocational and
Technical 500 780

Appendix IV: Estimated Number of Program Participants Who Received
Employment and Training Services

Appendix IV: Estimated Number of Program Participants Who Received
Employment and Training Services

Page 25 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
Fiscal year 1999 Fiscal year 2002 a, i Institutions Indian Vocational
Training-- United Tribes Technical College 559 734

Indian Job Placement-- United Sioux Tribes Development Corporation 3, 683
113 Serious and Violent Offenders Program Not included d Community
Services Block Grant d d Source: FY 2002 figures provided by agency
officials; FY 1999 figures obtained from GAO- 01- 71.

a FY 2002 unless otherwise noted. b This number includes only individuals
participating in postsecondary vocational and technical educational
institutions. c This number includes the 37,008 individuals participating
in the State Supported Employment

Services Program. d Program officials were unable to provide an estimate
of the number of individuals who received

employment and traning services. e This estimate includes both the
Community Economic Development Program and the Rural Facilities Program,
whereas the FY 1999 estimate did not. f This figure may undercount
participants, as it represents only those participants who have actually
obtained employment. g Tribes participating in P. L. 102- 477 using
Employment Assistance funds are not included in this

figure. h This estimate represents a period prior to FY 2001.

i Most programs reported participants served for FY 2002, with the
exception of certain Labor programs that collect data by program year
rather than fiscal year. Other exceptions are noted. j This estimate
represents participants served in FY 2001.

k This estimate was derived by adding the number of participants in
*separate* Tribal Work Grants programs and an estimate of the number
served with Tribal Work Grants funds in P. L. 102- 477 projects.

Appendix IV: Estimated Number of Program Participants Who Received
Employment and Training Services

Page 26 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Programs
requiring beneficiaries to be economically disadvantaged

Program name Fiscal year 1999 Fiscal year 2002 Department of Labor

Homeless Veterans Reintegration Project

Appendix VI: Outcome Measures Page 27 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and
Training Programs While some employment and training programs have been
monitoring outcomes over a period of time, the Office of Management and
Budget

(OMB) has recently issued a proposal that would require many federally
funded employment and training programs to track four common outcome
measures each for youth or adult programs in fiscal year 2004. Table 1
outlines OMB*s proposed measures.

Table 1: OMB*s Common Measures for Employment and Training Programs Youth
programs Adult programs

 Placement in employment, education, or the military

 Attainment of a degree or certificate

 Literacy and numeracy gains  Efficiency (annual appropriation per
participant)

 Entered employment

 Retention in employment

 Earnings Increase

 Efficiency Source: Information provided by agency officials.

Federal agencies provided information on selected outcomes that they
currently track for each of their programs. Table 2 lists information on
which programs are currently tracking performance measures similar to
those proposed by OMB. Our questionnaire did not collect information on an
efficiency measure.

Table 2 also identifies the programs that were reviewed using the Program
Assessment Rating Tool (PART) during the fiscal year 2004 budget cycle.
PART is a new evaluation instrument that links a program*s performance to
its budget. The administration plans to review approximately one- fifth of
all federal programs every year, to ensure that every program will have
been evaluated using PART by the time of the 2008 budget submission.
Appendix VI: Outcome Measures

Appendix VI: Outcome Measures Page 28 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and
Training Programs Table 2: Programs* Outcome Tracking Requirements Under
OMB*s Common Measures Initiative and Outcome Measures Tracked by the
Programs in Fiscal Year 2003

Measures tracked by program in fiscal year 2003 Employment and training
programs a OMB*s

Common Measures Initiative?

Entered employment Employment

Retention Wage gain/ change Educational/ credential attainment

Other *positive outcomes* b Programs

Identified Under PART

Labor

Disabled Veterans* Outreach Program Yes

Appendix VI: Outcome Measures Page 29 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and
Training Programs Measures tracked by program in fiscal year 2003
Employment and

training programs a OMB*s Common Measures Initiative?

Entered employment Employment

Retention Wage gain/ change Educational/ credential attainment

Other *positive outcomes* b Programs

Identified Under PART

American Indian Vocational Rehabilitation Services

Yes

Appendix VI: Outcome Measures Page 30 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and
Training Programs Measures tracked by program in fiscal year 2003
Employment and

training programs a OMB*s Common Measures Initiative?

Entered employment Employment

Retention Wage gain/ change Educational/ credential attainment

Other *positive outcomes* b Programs

Identified Under PART

Tribal Work Grants No

Appendix VI: Outcome Measures Page 31 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and
Training Programs

Appendix VII: Population Groups Served by Employment and Training Programs
Page 32 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Appendix
VII: Population Groups Served by Employment and Training Programs

Program name Fiscal year

1999 2002 1999 2002

1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999
2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002
1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002

a

a

a a

a a

a a

a a

a a

a a

a

a

a a

a a

a a

Dislocated workers Migrant/ seasonal

farmworkers Native Americansb

Older workers Yo

u t

h Persons with physical

or mental disabilities Refugees

Unemployed Veterans/ disabled veterans

Other low- income individuals

Other

Registered Apprenticeship Training (DOL) Employment Service (DOL) Senior
Community Service Employment Program (DOL) Trade Adjustment Assistance and
NAFTA* Transitional Adjustment Assistance (DOL) WIA Adults (DOL)

WIA Youth (DOL) WIA Dislocated Workers (DOL) Youth Opportunity Grants
(DOL) Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers (DOL) Native American Employment
and Training Programs (DOL) Disabled Veterans* Outreach Program (DOL)
Veterans* Workforce Investment Program (DOL) Local Veterans* Employment
Representative Program (DOL) Homeless Veterans* Reintegration Program
(DOL) Job Corps (DOL)

H- 1B Technical Skills Training (DOL) Responsible Reintegration of Youth
Offenders (DOL) Adult Education* State Grant Program (ED)

Vocational Education* Basic Grants to States (ED) Native American
Vocational and Technical Education Program (ED) State Vocational
Rehabilitation Services (ED) Migrant Education* High School Equivalency
Program (ED)

Appendix VII: Population Groups Served by Employment and Training Programs
Page 33 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs a Program
not included in last review. b Category includes American Indians and all
other indigenous populations. The State Supported Employment Services

Program (ED) Projects with Industry (ED)

Tech Prep Education Program (ED) Tribally Controlled Postsecondary
Vocational and Technical Institutions (ED) American Indian Vocational
Rehabilitation Service Program (ED) Native Hawaiian Vocational Education
(ED)

Grants to States for Incarcerated Youth Offenders (ED) Migrant and
Seasonal Farmworkers Program (ED) Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
(TANF) (HHS) Refugee Assistance* Voluntary Agency Programs (HHS) Community
Services Block Grant (HHS)

Community Services Block Grant* Discretionary Awards (HHS) Refugee and
Entrant Assistance* Targeted Assistance (HHS) Tribal Work Grants (HHS)

Food Stamp Employment and Training Program (USDA) Opportunities for Youth*
Youthbuild Program (HUD) Indian Vocational Training* United Tribes
Technical College (DOI/ BIA) Indian Job Placement* United Sioux Tribes
Development Corporation (DOI/ BIA) Indian Employment Assistance (DOI/ BIA)

Vocational Rehabilitation for Disabled Veterans (VA) Serious and Violent
Offenders Program (DOJ) Youth Challenge Program (DOD)

Program name Fiscal year

1999 2002 1999 2002

1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999
2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002
1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002

a

a a

a

a a

a

a

a

a

a a

a

a

a

a

a

a a

a a

a

a a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

Dislocated workers Migrant/ seasonal

farmworkers Native Americans

Older workers Yo

u t

h Persons with physical

or mental disabilities Refugees

Unemployed Veterans/ disabled veterans

Other low- income individuals

Other

Source: Population groups served, as reported by agency officials.

Appendix VIII: Services Provided by Employment and Training Programs Page
34 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Appendix VIII:
Services Provided by Employment and Training Programs

Program name Fiscal year

1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999
2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002
1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002

b

b

b b

b b

Employment counseling and assessment

GEDa assistance and other education leading to high school diplomas

Education leading to post secondary and technical

certificates and degrees

Registered Apprenticeship Training (DOL) Employment Service (DOL) Senior
Community Service Employment Program (DOL) Trade Adjustment Assistance and
NAFTA* Transitional Adjustment Assistance (DOL) WIA Adults (DOL)

WIA Youth (DOL) WIA Dislocated Workers (DOL) Youth Opportunity Grants
(DOL) Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers (DOL) Native American Employment
and Training Programs (DOL) Disabled Veterans* Outreach Program (DOL)
Veterans* Workforce Investment Program (DOL) Local Veterans* Employment
Representative Program (DOL) Homeless Veterans* Reintegration Program
(DOL) Job Corps (DOL)

H- 1B Technical Skills Training (DOL) Responsible Reintegration of Youth
Offenders (DOL) Adult Education* State Grant Program (ED)

Vocational Education* Basic Grants to States (ED) Native American
Vocational and Technical Education Program (ED) State Vocational
Rehabilitation Services (ED) Migrant Education* High School Equivalency
Program (ED)

b b

b b

b

b

b b

Job development Job readiness skills

Job referrals Job retention training

Appendix VIII: Services Provided by Employment and Training Programs Page
35 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program name
Fiscal year

1999 2002 1999 2002

1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999
2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002
1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 Registered
Apprenticeship Training (DOL)

Employment Service (DOL) Senior Community Service Employment Program (DOL)
Trade Adjustment Assistance and NAFTA* Transitional Adjustment Assistance
(DOL) WIA Adults (DOL)

WIA Youth (DOL) WIA Dislocated Workers (DOL) Youth Opportunity Grants
(DOL) Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers (DOL) Native American Employment
and Training Programs (DOL) Disabled Veterans* Outreach Program (DOL)
Veterans* Workforce Investment Program (DOL) Local Veterans* Employment
Representative Program (DOL) Homeless Veterans* Reintegration Program
(DOL) Job Corps (DOL)

H- 1B Technical Skills Training (DOL) Responsible Reintegration of Youth
Offenders (DOL) Adult Education* State Grant Program (ED)

Vocational Education* Basic Grants to States (ED) Native American
Vocational and Technical Education Program (ED) State Vocational
Rehabilitation Services (ED) Migrant Education* High School Equivalency
Program (ED)

b

b

b

b

b

b

b b

Job search/ job placement activities Occupational or vocational

training On- the- job training

Remedial academic/ English lang./ basic adult literacy

Work experience Support services

b b

b b

Other

b b

Appendix VIII: Services Provided by Employment and Training Programs Page
36 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program name
Fiscal year

1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999
2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002
1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002

Employment counseling and assessment

GEDa assistance and other education leading to high school diplomas

Education leading to post secondary and technical

certificates and degrees Job development

Job readiness skills Job referrals

Job retention training

The State Supported Employment Services Program (ED) Projects with
Industry (ED)

Tech Prep Education Program (ED) Tribally Controlled Postsecondary
Vocational and Technical Institutions (ED) American Indian Vocational
Rehabilitation Service Program (ED) Native Hawaiian Vocational Education
(ED)

Grants to States for Incarcerated Youth Offenders (ED) Migrant and
Seasonal Farmworkers Program (ED) Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
(TANF) (HHS) Refugee Assistance* Voluntary Agency Programs (HHS) Community
Services Block Grant (HHS)

Community Services Block Grant* Discretionary Awards (HHS) Refugee and
Entrant Assistance* Targeted Assistance (HHS) Tribal Work Grants (HHS)

Food Stamp Employment and Training Program (USDA) Opportunities for Youth*
Youthbuild Program (HUD) Indian Vocational Training* United Tribes
Technical College (DOI/ BIA) Indian Job Placement* United Sioux Tribes
Development Corporation (DOI/ BIA) Indian Employment Assistance (DOI/ BIA)

Vocational Rehabilitation for Disabled Veterans (VA) Serious and Violent
Offenders Program (DOJ) Youth Challenge Program (DOD)

a

a a

a

a a

a

a a

b

b b

b

b b

b

b b

b

b b

Appendix VIII: Services Provided by Employment and Training Programs Page
37 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs a General
Educational Development. b Program not included in last review.

Program name Fiscal year

1999 2002 1999 2002

1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999
2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002
1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002 1999 2002

Job search/ job placement activities Occupational or vocational

training On- the- job training

Remedial academic/ English lang./ basic adult literacy

Work experience Support services

Other

b

b b

b

b b

b

b b

b

b b

b

b b

b

b b

b

b

b

The State Supported Employment Services Program (ED) Projects with
Industry (ED)

Tech Prep Education Program (ED) Tribally Controlled Postsecondary
Vocational and Technical Institutions (ED) American Indian Vocational
Rehabilitation Service Program (ED) Native Hawaiian Vocational Education
(ED)

Grants to States for Incarcerated Youth Offenders (ED) Migrant and
Seasonal Farmworkers Program (ED) Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
(TANF) (HHS) Refugee Assistance* Voluntary Agency Programs (HHS) Community
Services Block Grant (HHS)

Community Services Block Grant* Discretionary Awards (HHS) Refugee and
Entrant Assistance* Targeted Assistance (HHS) Tribal Work Grants (HHS)

Food Stamp Employment and Training Program (USDA) Opportunities for Youth*
Youthbuild Program (HUD) Indian Vocational Training* United Tribes
Technical College (DOI/ BIA) Indian Job Placement* United Sioux Tribes
Development Corporation (DOI/ BIA) Indian Employment Assistance (DOI/ BIA)

Vocational Rehabilitation for Disabled Veterans (VA) Serious and Violent
Offenders Program (DOJ) Youth Challenge Program (DOD)

Source: Services provided, as reported by agency officials.

Appendix IX: Program Objectives and Eligibility Criteria for Federally
Funded Employment and Training Programs

Page 38 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
(department) Objective Eligibility criteria Dislocated workers

Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) and NAFTA* Transitional Adjustment
Assistance (Labor)

To provide retraining, job search, and or, relocation assistance to
workers adversely affected by increased imports in order to facilitate
their return to the workforce in suitable employment.

A TAA beneficiary must (1) be a member of a worker group that has been
found by the Labor Department to be adversely affected by increased
imports, either directly or indirectly, or by a shift of production, and
therefore certified eligible to apply for Trade Adjustment Assistance, and
(2) must meet the following individual requirements: (a) his or her total
or partial separation must have begun on or after

the date specified in the certification as the beginning of the adverse
import impact and (b) his or her total or partial separation must begin
before the expiration of the two- year period beginning on the date on
which the Secretary

issued the certification or before the termination date, if any, specified
in the certification.

WIA Dislocated Workers To provide workforce investment activities that
increase the employment, retention and earnings of participants, and
increase occupational skill attainment by the participants. This aims to
reemploy dislocated workers, improve the quality of the workforce and
enhance the productivity of the nation*s

economy. This program is designed to increase employment, as measured by
entry into unsubsidized employment, retention in unsubsidized employment
six months after entry into employment, and extent of recovery of prior
wage levels. For cross- cutting goals, the program intends to enhance
customer satisfaction for participants and for employers. The employment
goals will be measured using Unemployment Insurance Wage Records and
customer satisfaction goals measured by sampling.

Individuals eligible for assistance include workers who have lost their
jobs as a result of plant closings or mass layoffs, and are unlikely to

return to their previous industry or occupation; formerly self- employed
individuals; and displaced homemakers who have been dependant on income of
another family member, but are no longer supported by that income.
National Emergency Grant Program* Identical eligibility; also include
certain military personnel individuals and defense employees. Services are
targeted to individuals affected by mass layoffs, natural disasters,
Federal government actions, and other circumstances specified by the
Secretary.

Migrant and seasonal farmworkers Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers
(Education) This discretionary grant program under Section

312 of the Rehabilitation Act authorizes projects to provide vocational
rehabilitation services to migratory agricultural and seasonal farmworkers
with disabilities, including maintenance and transportation for
individuals with disabilities and members of their families whether or not
such family members are

disabled. Migratory, agricultural and seasonal farmworkers

with disabilities and their family members.

Appendix IX: Program Objectives and Eligibility Criteria for Federally
Funded Employment and Training Programs, by Target Population

Appendix IX: Program Objectives and Eligibility Criteria for Federally
Funded Employment and Training Programs

Page 39 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
(department) Objective Eligibility criteria

Migrant and Seasonal Farm Workers (Labor) The National Farmworker Jobs
Program

(NFJP) under section 167 of the Workforce Investment Act assists migrant
and other seasonal farmworkers and their family members achieve economic
self- sufficiency by addressing their employment- related needs. For those
aspiring beyond farm labor, the National Farmworkers Jobs Program (NFJP)
provides basic education, job skills training and supportive services to
prepare them for better paying jobs that offer year- round employment. For
those preferring to stay in agricultural labor, NFJP provides supportive
services that enable the farmworkers to continue their

participation in the agricultural labor market by being available for hire
by farmers when the farmers need their labor.

An eligible seasonal farm worker-- is a disadvantaged person who for 12
consecutive months out of the 24 months prior to application for the
program, has been primarily employed in agricultural labor that is
characterized by chronic unemployment or underemployment.

An eligible Migrant farm worker* is a seasonal farmworker whose
agricultural labor requires travel to a job site such that the farmworker
is unable to return to a permanent place of residence within the same day.

Dependents of eligible seasonal or migrant farm workers are also eligible.

Native Americans a American Indian Vocational Rehabilitation Services
(Education)

The American Indian Vocational Rehabilitation Services Program provides
vocational rehabilitation services to American Indians with disabilities
who reside on or near federal or state reservations, consistent with their
individual strengths, resources, priorities, concerns, abilities, and
capabilities, interests and informed choice, so that they may prepare for
and engage in gainful employment.

American Indians with disabilities residing on or near a federal or state
reservation (including Native Alaskans) who meet the definition of an
individual with a disability or individual with a

significant disability, respectively, found in sections 7( 20)( A) and
(21)( A) of the Rehabilitation Act.

Indian Employment Assistance (Interior) To provide vocational training and
employment

opportunities to eligible American Indians and to reduce Federal
dependence. Members of Federally Recognized Indian tribes

who are unemployed, underemployed, or in need of training to obtain
reasonable and satisfactory employment. Complete information on
beneficiary eligibility is found in 25 CFR, Parts 26

and 27. Indian Job Placement* United Sioux Tribes Development Corporation
(Interior)

To provide job development, counseling, social adjustment guidance, and
referrals to job training programs and other assistance programs through
the United Sioux Tribes Development Corporation, located in Pierre, South
Dakota.

Must be an American Indian member of Federally Recognized Indian tribe and
reside on or near an Indian reservation under the jurisdiction of the
Bureau of Indian Affairs or those eligibility requirements specified in
the

contract between the United Sioux Tribes Development Corporation and the
Bureau of Indian Affairs.

Indian Vocational Training* United Tribes Technical College (Interior)

To provide vocational training to individual American Indians through the
United Tribes Technical College, located in Bismarck, North Dakota.

Individual American Indians who are members of a Federally Recognized
Indian Tribe and reside on or near an Indian reservation under the
jurisdiction of the Bureau of Indian Affairs or those eligibility
requirements specified in the

contract between the United States Technical College and the Bureau of
Indian Affairs.

Appendix IX: Program Objectives and Eligibility Criteria for Federally
Funded Employment and Training Programs

Page 40 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
(department) Objective Eligibility criteria

Native American Employment and Training Programs (Labor) To support
comprehensive employment and

training activities for Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian
individuals; to develop more fully their academic, occupational and
literacy skills; to make them more competitive in the workforce; to
promote the economic and social

development of Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian communities
according to the goals and values of such communities; to help them
achieve personal and economic selfsufficiency.

The principle means for accomplishing these purposes is to enable tribes
and Native American organizations to provide employment and training
services to Native American peoples and their communities. Services should
be provided in a culturally appropriate manner, consistent with the
principles of Indian self- determination.

A person is eligible to receive services under the INA program if that
person is an Indian, as determined by a policy of the Native American
grantee. The grantee*s definition must at least

include anyone who is a member of a Federallyrecognized tribe or Alaska
Native, as defined in section 3 (b) of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement
Act (ANCSA), 43 U. S. C. 1602 (b); or a Native Hawaiian, as defined in WIA
section 166( b)( 30). The person must also be any one of the following:
unemployed or underemployed, as defined in 668.150; or a low- income
individual, as defined in WIA section 101( 250) or

the recipient of a bona fide layoff notice who is in need of retraining to
secure or retain employment; or employed individual who is in need of
employment and training services to obtain or retain employment that
allows for selfsufficiency.

[20 CFR 668.300 (a) & (b)] Native American Vocational and Technical
Education Program (Education)

To make grants or enter into contracts with Federally recognized Indian
tribes, tribal organizations, Alaska Native entities and eligible Bureau-
funded schools that do not propose to use the award to support secondary
vocational and technical education programs. Federally recognized Indian
tribes, tribal

organizations, Alaska Native entities and eligible Bureau- funded schools
that do not propose to use the award to support secondary vocational and
technical education programs.

Older workers

Senior Community Service Employment (Labor) To provide, foster, and
promote part- time work opportunities (usually 20 hours per work) in

community service activities for unemployed, low- income persons who are
55 years of age and older. To the extent feasible, the program assists and
promotes the transition of program enrollees into unsubsidized employment.
In addition, the SCSEP coordinates with other DOL programs to provide
training.

Adults 55 years or older with a family income at or below 125 percent of
the DHHS poverty level. Prospective participants must certify information
relative to age and personal financial status which is needed to determine
whether the individual is economically disadvantaged and program eligible.

Persons with physical or mental disabilities

Projects With Industry The purpose of this program is to create and expand
job and career opportunities for individuals with disabilities in the
competitive labor market engaging the talent and leadership of private
industry as partners in the rehabilitation process, to identify
competitive jobs and careers and the skills needed to perform such jobs,
to create practical job and career readiness and training programs, and to

provide job placements and career advancements.

An individual is eligible for service under this program if*( 1) the
individual has a disability or a significant disability under section 7
(20)( A) or 7( 21)( A) of the Rehabilitation Act; (2) the

individual requires vocational services to prepare for, secure, retain, or
regain employment; and the determination of eligibility is consistent with
section 102( a) of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended.

Appendix IX: Program Objectives and Eligibility Criteria for Federally
Funded Employment and Training Programs

Page 41 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
(department) Objective Eligibility criteria

State Supported Employment Services Program (Education) The State
Supported Employment Services

Program provides grants to assist States in developing and implementing
collaborative programs with appropriate entities to provide supported
employment services for individuals with the most significant disabilities
to enable such individuals to achieve the employment

outcome of supported employment. A state may provide services under this
program

to any individual if: the individual has been determined eligible for
vocational rehabilitation services in accordance with the criteria in
section 102 (a)( 1) of the Rehabilitation Act; the individual has been
determined to be an individual with a most significant disability;
supported employment has been identified as appropriate employment outcome
for the individual on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of
rehabilitation needs, including an evaluation of rehabilitation, career,
and job needs.

State Vocational Rehabilitation Services (Education) The State Vocational
Rehabilitation Services Program provides grants to assist states in

operating statewide comprehensive, coordinated, effective, efficient and
accountable programs, each of which is: an integral part of a statewide
workforce investment system; and designed to assess, plan, develop, and
provide vocational rehabilitation services for individuals with
disabilities, consistent with their strengths, resources, priorities,
concerns, abilities, capabilities, interests, and informed choice, so that
they may prepare for and engage in gainful employment.

Determination of an applicant*s eligibility for vocational rehabilitation
services is based on the following requirements: a determination by
qualified personnel that the applicant has a physical or mental
impairment; a determination by qualified personnel that the applicant*s
physical or mental impairment constitutes or results in a substantial
impediment to employment for the applicant; a determination by a qualified
vocational rehabilitation counselor employed by the designated State unit
that the

applicant requires vocational rehabilitation services to prepare for,
secure, retain or regain employment consistent with the applicant*s unique
strengths, resources, priorities, concerns, abilities, capabilities,
interests, and informed choice; a presumption, in accordance with section
102 (a)( 2) of the Rehabilitation Act, that the applicant can benefit in
terms of an employment outcome from the provision of vocational
rehabilitation services.

Refugees Refugee and Entrant Assistance* Targeted Assistance (HHS)

To provide funding for employment- related and other social services for
refugees, asylees, Amerasians, victims of a severe form of trafficking
certified by the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR), and entrants in
areas of high refugee concentration and high welfare utilization. These
funds assist refugees who

have experienced difficulty in making the transition to employment or who
have lost their jobs and require re- employment services.

Persons admitted to the United States within the last 5 years as refugees
under Section 207 of the Immigration and Nationality Act; granted

asylum under Section 208 of the Act; Cuban and Haitian entrants, as
defined in Section 501 of the Refugee Education Assistance Act; and
certain Amerasians from Vietnam and their accompanying family members, as
defined by Section 584 (c) of the Foreign Relations, Export

Financing, and Related Programs Appropriation Act of 1988. Also included
are victims of a severe form of trafficking as defined by section 107( b)(
1)( A) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000.

Appendix IX: Program Objectives and Eligibility Criteria for Federally
Funded Employment and Training Programs

Page 42 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
(department) Objective Eligibility criteria

Refugee and Entrant Assistance* Voluntary Agency Programs (HHS)

The Matching Grant program, funded by Congress since 1979, provides an
alternative approach to State- administered resettlement assistance. The
program*s goal is to help refugees attain self- sufficiency within four
months after arrival, without access to public cash assistance.
Participating agencies agree to match the Office of Refugee Resettlement
(ORR) grant with cash and in- kind

contributions; twenty percent of their match must be in cash. Since mid-
1999, ORR has matched each dollar of agency contribution of cash or in-
kind services with $2. 00 of ORR

funds, with a maximum Federal contribution of $2,000 per refugee. The
Matching Grant program is characterized by a strong emphasis on early
employment and intensive services during the first four months after
arrival. ORR requires participating agencies to provide

maintenance (food and housing), case management, and employment services
inhouse. Additional services, such as language training and medical
assistance, may be provided in- house or arranged through referral to
other programs. Refugees in the Matching Grant program may use publicly
funded

medical assistance. Refugees (the term *refugee* is used to apply to

refugees, asylees, Amerasian immigrants from Vietnam, certified victims of
trafficking, and Cuban or Haitian entrants) will be determined eligible by
the grantee agencies as verified by Health and Human Services (HHS)
monitoring.

Unemployed Food Stamp Employment and Training Program (Agriculture) The
program*s goals are to help job- ready food

stamp recipients find work and to assist others to gain skills, training,
or experience that will lead to their employment.

All non- exempt food stamp applicants and recipients are subject to Food
Stamp Program work requirements, including participation in the

Food Stamp Employment and Training (E& T) Program, if assigned by the
State agency. Exempted are persons younger than 16 or 60 and older;
persons physically or mentally unable

to work; those responsible for the care of a child under 6 or of an
incapacitated individual; students; recipients of assistance under the
title IV- A of the Social Security Act (Temporary Assistance for Needy
Families* TANF) or of unemployment compensation; employed persons or those
participating in drug or alcohol treatment programs. Specifically targeted
are able- bodied adults without dependents (ABAWDS) subject to the Food
Stamp Program participation limit. Unless they are employed, participating
in qualifying education or training activities for at least 20 hours a
week, or

participating in workfare, ABAWDS are limited to receiving food stamps for
3 months in a 36 month period.

Appendix IX: Program Objectives and Eligibility Criteria for Federally
Funded Employment and Training Programs

Page 43 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
(department) Objective Eligibility criteria

Tribal Work Grants [or Native Employment Works (NEW)] (HHS)

To allow eligible Indian Tribes and Alaska Native organizations to operate
a program to make work activities available. The NEW program serves
unemployed and underemployed individuals. NEW program grantees determine
specific eligibility requirements for their NEW programs.

Veterans Disabled Veterans* Outreach Program (DVOP) (Labor) To develop
jobs and job training opportunities for disabled and other veterans
through

contacts with employers; promote and develop on- the- job training and
apprenticeship and other on- the- job training positions within the
Federal job training system (e. g., VWIP, HYRP, VA programs); provide
outreach to veterans through all community agencies and organizations;
provide assistance to community- based groups and organizations and
appropriate grantees under other Federal and federally- funded employment
and training programs; develop linkages with other agencies to promote
maximum employment opportunities for veterans; and to provide
employability development and vocational guidance to eligible veterans,
especially disabled veterans, utilizing a casemanagement approach to
services, wherever applicable.

DVOP specialists serve veterans, however, Section 4103A( b)( 1) provides a
certain order of priority among target groups of veterans for the services
of DVOP specialists, and indicates that special consideration will be
given to educationally and economically disadvantaged veterans. P. L. 101-
510 also provided that

individuals receiving disability discharges and medically retired from the
military be provided transition assistance under the Disabled

Veterans* Transition Assistance Program (DTAP).

Homeless Veterans* Reintegration Program (Labor) To provide funds for
demonstration programs

to expedite the reintegration of homeless veterans into the labor force.
Individuals who are homeless veterans. The

term *homeless* or *homeless individual* includes: (1) an individual who
lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate night- time residence; and

(2) an individual who has a primary night- time residence that is: (a) a
supervised publicly or privately operated shelter designed to provide
temporary living accommodations including welfare hotels, congregate
shelters, and transitional housing for the mentally ill; (b) an
institution that provides a temporary institutionalization; (c) a public
or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular
sleeping accommodations for human beings (Reference 42 U. S. C 1302). A
*veteran* is an individual who served in the activity military,

naval or air service, and who was discharged or released from there under
conditions other than dishonorable. (Reference: 33 U. S. C. 101 (2).)

Appendix IX: Program Objectives and Eligibility Criteria for Federally
Funded Employment and Training Programs

Page 44 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
(department) Objective Eligibility criteria

Local Veterans* Employment Representative Program (Labor) To provide job
development, placement, and

support services directly to veterans and to ensure that there is local
supervision of State Employment Agencies compliance with

Federal regulations, performance standards, and grant agreement provisions
in carrying out requirements of 38 U. S. C. 4104 in providing veterans
with maximum employment and training opportunities.

Although veterans are the intended beneficiaries of LVER services, as per
the CFDA, Congress has authorized or otherwise defined *eligible persons*
at 38 U. S. C 4105 (5), and has authorized through P. L. 101- 510, the
LVER to assist separating service members and their

spouses with their transition to the civilian labor force, while the
members are still on active duty and not technically considered *veterans*
yet. Within the local employment offices and other such service delivery
points, the LVER

concentrates on facilitating those veterans and eligible persons who are
identified with some barrier between them and their employment or

training related objective. These individuals are the target population of
LVER services and may include disabled veterans, homeless veterans,
veterans with combat experience (wartime, campaign badge/ expeditionary
medal recipients), economically or educationally disadvantaged veterans in
need of training or retraining to become marketable in the local

labor market, or veterans in need of a State license or certification to
practice or work in their chosen/ trained field.

Veterans* Workforce Investment Program (Labor) To support employment and
training programs,

through grants or contracts, to meet the needs for assistance of certain
veterans. Recently separated veterans; service- connected

disabled veterans; campaign/ conflict veterans; and veterans who have
significant barriers to employment. (All of the above are eligible unless
they have a dishonorable discharge.)

Vocational Rehabilitation for Disabled Veterans (Veterans) To provide for
all services and assistance to

enable veterans with service- connected disabilities to prepare for,
obtain, or maintain suitable employment. When the severity of

disability does not permit employment to be an option, the program can
provide the needed services and assistance to help the individual learn
skills to achieve maximum independence in daily living.

Veterans of World War II and later service with a service- connected
disability or disabilities rated at least 20 percent compensable and
certain service- disabled service persons pending discharge or release
from service if VA

determines the service persons will likely receive at least a 20 percent
rating and they need vocational rehabilitation because of an employment
handicap. Veterans with compensable ratings of 10 percent may also be
eligible if they are found to have a serious employment handicap.

Youth Grants to States for Incarcerated Youth Offenders (Education) To
assist incarcerated youth offenders in obtaining postsecondary education
and

postsecondary vocational training. Measured objectives are lower
recidivism, academic achievement, job placement, and job retention.

Individuals who are incarcerated in a state prison, including a pre-
release facility or an alternative program such as a boot camp; are
eligible to be released or paroled within 5 years; are 25 years of age or
younger; and have obtained a secondary school diploma or its equivalent.

Appendix IX: Program Objectives and Eligibility Criteria for Federally
Funded Employment and Training Programs

Page 45 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
(department) Objective Eligibility criteria

Jobs Corps (Labor) Job Corps* is the nation*s largest residential and
educational employment and training program for economically challenged
youth,

ages 16 through 24, who face multiple barriers to employment. The
objectives of the program are to provide, in an integrated manner, a

comprehensive array of services, such as: academic, vocational, and life
skills training, and work- based learning, in order to provide the skills
necessary for long- term attachment to the labor market.

Youth who enter the Jobs Corps program without a high school equivalency
and/ or job training skills, will have the opportunity to receive both.
Additionally, in June 2001, Job Corps established attainment of high
school diplomas as a national priority. During PY *01, 90% of all
graduates and 75% of all terminees entered employment, enrolled in further

education, or entered the military. Job Corps is designed for out- of-
school youth,

usually dropouts prior to graduation, ages 16- 24, who are a legal
resident or lawfully admitted permanent resident aliens who are authorized
to work in the United States. The targeted population is low- income,
meaning those on public assistance, a foster child, disabled,

homeless, and/ or earning income at the poverty level. Minor students must
have signed parental/ guardian consent. Potential enrollees must be free
of behavior problems that would prohibit self or others from benefiting
from the

program and they may not be currently engaged in illegal drug use. Parents
with dependent children must have a childcare plan.

Opportunities for Youth* Youthbuild Program (HUD) The Youthbuild program
provides funding

assistance for a wide range of multi- disciplinary activities and services
to assist economically disadvantaged youth. The opportunities are

designed to help disadvantaged young adults who have dropped out of high
school to obtain the education and employment skills necessary to achieve
economic self- sufficiency and develop leadership skills and a commitment
to community development in low to very lowincome communities. Another
objective of the Youthbuild program is to expand the supply of

permanent affordable housing for homeless persons and members of low
income and very low- income families. By giving disadvantaged young adults
participating in the program

meaningful on- site training experiences constructing or rehabilitating
housing as a community service, they are helping to meet the housing needs
of homeless and low income families in their community.

Disadvantaged, at- risk, low to very low- income young adults, ages 16 to
24, who have dropped out of high school are eligible. The program
emphasizes special outreach efforts to be undertaken to recruit eligible
young women. The program permits exceptions for young adults who do not
meet the program*s income or education requirements but who have
educational needs despite attainment of a high school diploma or its
equivalent. Exceptions for individuals in this category cannot exceed 25
percent of all participants.

Appendix IX: Program Objectives and Eligibility Criteria for Federally
Funded Employment and Training Programs

Page 46 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
(department) Objective Eligibility criteria

Responsible Reintegration of Youthful Offenders (DOL) The focus of the
Responsible Reintegration of Youthful Offenders initiative is to assist

communities in planning and implementing comprehensive *reentry* programs
to address the full range of challenges involved in helping young
offenders released from incarceration make a successful transition back to
the community. The goal is to protect community safety through the
successful reintegration of

offenders, ages 14- 35, who are returning to the community by ensuring
that offenders become productive, responsible, and law- abiding citizens;
are provided with positive opportunities to engage in pro- social
activities; maintain long- term employment; sustain a stable residence;
and successfully address their substance abuse issues and mental health
needs.

The initiative provides services for youth and adults ages 14- 35 who are
or have been under criminal/ juvenile justice supervision or are involved
in gangs or are at risk of this involvement. Targeted individuals may also
be returning from secure confinement back into the community. Grantees
have wide latitude in selecting their target population.

WIA Youth (Labor)

To place continued emphasis on improving the quality of services and
enhancing program performance in order to equip young workers with the
knowledge, skills and abilities they need to: become productive citizens
and successfully transition into adulthood, effectively meet the changing
needs of business and the new economy, and get and keep good jobs with
career paths, promotional opportunities, and wage gains.

Under Title I, Sections 101 and 127, an eligible youth is an individual
who: (1) is 14- 21 years of age; and (2) is an individual who received an
income or are members of a family that received

a total family income that does not exceed the higher of (a) the poverty
line; or (b) 70 percent of the lower living standard income; and (3) meets
one or more of the following criteria: Is an individual who is deficient
in basic literacy skills; a school dropout; homeless; a runaway; a foster
child; pregnant or a parent; an offender; or requires additional
assistance to complete their education or secure and hold employment.

Youth Challenge Program (DOD)

Not available. Not available.

Appendix IX: Program Objectives and Eligibility Criteria for Federally
Funded Employment and Training Programs

Page 47 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
(department) Objective Eligibility criteria Other low income individuals
Community Services Block

Grant* Discretionary Awards (HHS)

Community Economic Development Program: To support projects which provide
employment and ownership opportunities for low- income people through
business, physical or commercial development, and which generally improve
the quality of the economic and social environment of low- income
residents in economically depressed areas. The emphases

of projects must be on job creation, self- help and mobilization of the
community- at- large. Community Facilities Development Program: To support
projects to help low- income rural communities develop the capability and

expertise to establish and maintain or preserve affordable, adequate and
safe water and waste water treatment facilities. Activities may include
the dissemination of information on water and waste water programs serving
rural communities; upgrading local expertise in water and waste water
development; assisting rural communities in developing the capability to
manage and operate water and waste water facilities; and improving
coordination of Federal, State and local water and waste water program
financing and development to assure quality service to rural communities.

A project must be targeted to address the needs of a specific segment of
low- income individuals or families. The official poverty line established
by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, published annually
by the Department of Health and Human Services is used as a criterion of
eligibility in the Community Services Discretionary Grant program. WIA
Adults (Labor) To provide workforce investment activities that

increase the employment, retention and earnings of participants, and
increase occupational skill attainment by the participants. This program
aims to improve the quality of the workforce and enhance the productivity
of the nation*s economy. This program is designed to increase employment,
as measured by entry into unsubsidized employment, and retention in
unsubsidized

employment six months after entry into employment. For cross- cutting
goals, the program intends to enhance customer satisfaction for
participants and for employers. The employment goals will be measured
using Unemployment Insurance Wage Records and customer satisfaction goals
measured by sampling.

All adults 18 years and older are eligible for core services. Priority for
intensive services and training services must be given to recipients of
public assistance and other low- income individuals where funds are
limited. States and

local areas are responsible for establishing procedures for applying the
priority requirements.

Appendix IX: Program Objectives and Eligibility Criteria for Federally
Funded Employment and Training Programs

Page 48 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
(department) Objective Eligibility criteria Unspecified target groups
Adult Education* State Grant

Program (Education) To create a partnership among the federal government,
states, and localities to provide,

on a voluntary basis, adult education and literacy services in order to
assist adults to become literate; and obtain the knowledge and skills
necessary for employment and selfsufficiency; assist adults who are
parents to obtain the educational skills necessary to become full partners
in the educational development of their children; and assist adults in the
completion of a secondary school education.

Out of school adults who are 16 years of age or older, who are not
enrolled or required to be enrolled in secondary school under State law,
and who lack sufficient mastery of basic educational skills to enable them
to function effectively in society or do not have a secondary school
diploma or its recognized equivalent, and have not achieved an equivalent
level of education, or are unable to speak, read, or write the English
language.

Community Services Block Grant (HHS) To provide assistance to states and
local

communities, working through a network of community action agencies and
other neighborhood- based organizations, for the reduction of poverty, the
revitalization of lowincome communities, and the empowerment of low-
income families and individuals in rural and urban areas to become fully
self- sufficient (particularly families who are attempting to transition
off a state program carried out under Part A of title IV of the Social
Security Act).

States make grants to qualified locally- based nonprofit community
antipoverty agencies and other eligible entities, which provide services
to low- income individuals and families. The official poverty line, as
established by the Secretary of Health and Human Services, is used as a
criterion of eligibility in the Community Services Block Grant program.
When a state determines that it serves the objectives of the block grant,
it may revise the income limit, not to exceed 125 percent of the official
poverty line.

Employment Service (Labor) To provide labor exchange services and career
counseling to current, emerging and transitional workers seeking to obtain
or upgrade current employment activities, giving priority service to
veterans and disabled veterans. To provide labor exchange services
including the recruitment, preliminary

assessment, screening and referral of qualified individuals to employers
needing to fill positions.

The Employment Service provides universal access to customers through the
One Stop Career Center System.

Appendix IX: Program Objectives and Eligibility Criteria for Federally
Funded Employment and Training Programs

Page 49 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
(department) Objective Eligibility criteria

H- 1B Technical Skills Training Grant Program H- 1B Technical Skills
Training Grants are financed by a user fee paid by employers to bring
foreign workers into the United States on a temporary basis to work in
high skill or specialty occupations. As part of the H- 1B non- immigrant
visa program, DOL*s Technical Skills Training Grant program was
established under the American Competitiveness and

Workforce Improvement Act of 1998 as amended by the American
Competitiveness in the Twentieth Century Act of 2002 and

companion legislation. The grants are a longterm solution to domestic
skill shortages in high skill and high technology occupation* raising the
technical skill levels of American workers so they can take advantage of
the new technology- related, high skills employment opportunities. This
will, in turn, help businesses reduce their dependence on skilled foreign
professionals permitted to work in the United States on a temporary basis
under the H- 1B visa program. H- 1B technical skills grants are

focused on directly addressing the high skill technology shortages of
American businesses; they are not intended to address the labor shortages
due to reasons other than technical skill shortages. Technical skills
training grants are geared

towards employed and unemployed workers who can be trained and placed
directly in highly skilled H- 1B occupations or in the highest echelons of
an H- 1B career ladder. Candidates for training funded by the H- 1B
Technical Skills Training Grants should possess (and be identified through
appropriate assessment tools) a high level of general educational
background and, in addition, have the prerequisites for the occupational
training being proposed. Targeted individuals should also possess certain
characteristics such as drive and initiative that will help guarantee
successful completion of the

high skill level training funded by H- 1B grants. Employees at the H- 1B
skill level are generally characterized as having a Bachelor*s degree or
comparable work experience. Migrant Education* High School

Equivalency Program To assist students who are engaged, or whose parents
are engaged, in migrant and other

seasonal farm work to obtain the equivalent of a secondary school diploma
and subsequently to gain employment or be placed in an institution of
higher education or other postsecondary education or training

Persons who are engaged or whose parents are engaged in migrant and other
seasonal farmwork or who have participated or have been eligible to
participate in the Title I, Migrant Education Program or the Workforce
Investment Act (WIA), Section 167. Eligible beneficiaries are 16 or older
or beyond the age of compulsory school attendance, and lacking a high
school diploma.

Native Hawaiian Vocational Education (Education) To make grants with
organizations primarily

serving and representing Native Hawaiians which are recognized by the
Governor of the state of Hawaii to plan, conduct, and administer programs,
or portions thereof, which are authorized by and consistent with the
provisions of Section 116 of the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied
Technology Education Amendments of 1998 for the benefit of Native
Hawaiians.

Native Hawaiians.

Appendix IX: Program Objectives and Eligibility Criteria for Federally
Funded Employment and Training Programs

Page 50 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
(department) Objective Eligibility criteria

Registered Apprenticeship Training (Labor) Planning and directing a
national workforce

system to improve the work skills of the nation*s workforce through
programs of apprenticeship and other employment connected skills training;
to ensure equality of access into these programs; to encourage states to
take similar action with respect to

their labor force; and to make available technical assistance service on
training to businesses; service on training to employers and unions, in
accordance with Title 29, CFR Parts 20 and 30, and other applicable laws
and

regulations, including the Workforce Investment Act of 1998; Supports
state and local workforce investment boards to coordinate and establish
employer /labor involvement in the design of training programs to meet the
demand for current and future jobs.

Individuals applying for acceptance into an apprenticeship- training
program must be at least 16 years old and must satisfy other minimum
qualifications required by a registered apprenticeship program sponsor.

Apprenticeship programs provide workers with a full- time wage while they
learn, and employers with a broader pool of workers from which to select.

Serious and Violent Offender Initiative (Justice) The Serious and Violent
Offender Reentry

Initiative responds to the release and reentry of thousands of adult and
juvenile, serious, highrisk offenders into communities across the country.
This initiative is part of a collaborative effort of multiple federal
partners consisting of the U. S. Departments of Justice, Labor, Health and
Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Education, and Veterans
Affairs. The initiative will provide funding and/ or resources to develop,
implement, enhance, and evaluate reentry strategies that will ensure the
safety of the community and reduce serious violent crime and recidivism.
The federal partners will assist state and local agencies in identifying,
accessing, and leveraging existing federal, state, and local resources in
their efforts to create a prototypical reentry system that addresses both
juvenile and adult offender populations in all three phases of reentry:
institutional

readiness; community reentry; and stabilization. This system should be
designed for replication in other jurisdictions throughout the states.
This goal would be accomplished by providing structure and authority that
guide the return of these offenders to the community and that ensure their
access to an array of existing institutional and community resources,

pursuant to detailed plans created from a thorough assessment of their
individual needs.

The target population includes serious and violent/ high- risk offenders
(juvenile and/ or adult) who have been incarcerated in post- adjudicatory
institutions, such as prisons and training schools, and are considered to
be at high risk of recidivism. Offenders who have been determined likely
to commit serious and/ or violent felony crime upon their release should
be targeted.

Appendix IX: Program Objectives and Eligibility Criteria for Federally
Funded Employment and Training Programs

Page 51 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
(department) Objective Eligibility criteria

Tech Prep Education (Education) To distribute funds to states to enable
them to provide planning and demonstration grants to a consortia of local
educational agencies and postsecondary educational agencies, for the
development and operation of 4- year programs designed to provide a tech
prep education leading to a 2- year associate degree or a 2- year
certificate and to provide, in a systematic manner, strong, comprehensive
links between

secondary schools and postsecondary educational institutions.

Individuals desiring to participate in a combined secondary/ postsecondary
program leading to an associate degree or 2- year certificate with
technical preparation in at least one field of engineering, applied
science, mechanical, industrial, or practical art or trade, or
agriculture, health, or business.

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (HHS) To provide grants to states,
territories, or tribes

to assist needy families with children so that children can be cared for
in their own homes; to reduce dependency by promoting job

preparation, work, and marriage; to reduce and prevent out- of- wedlock
pregnancies; and to encourage the formation and maintenance of two- parent
families.

Needy families with children, as determined eligible by the state,
territory or tribe in accordance with the state or tribal plan submitted
to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

Tribally Controlled Postsecondary Vocational and Technical Institutions
(Education)

To make grants to tribally controlled postsecondary vocational and
technical institutions that are not receiving federal support under the
tribally controlled College or University Assistance Act of 1978 (25 U. S.
C.

1801 et seq.) or the Navajo Community College Act (25 U. S. C. 640a et
seq.) to provide basic support for the education and training of Indian
students.

American Indians and Native Alaskans will benefit.

Appendix IX: Program Objectives and Eligibility Criteria for Federally
Funded Employment and Training Programs

Page 52 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Program
(department) Objective Eligibility criteria

Vocational Education* Basic Grants to States (Education) To develop more
fully the academic, vocational

and technical skills of secondary students and postsecondary students who
elect to enroll in vocational and technical education, through challenging
academic standards, the integration of academic and technical education,
and linking of secondary to postsecondary education. The objectives are
found in the core indicators of performance: student attainment of
challenging State established academic, and vocational and technical
skills proficiencies; student attainment of a secondary school diploma or
its recognized equivalent, a proficiency credential in conjunction with a
secondary school diploma, or a postsecondary degree or credential;
placement in, retention in and completion of, postsecondary education or
advanced training, placement in military service, or placement or
retention in employment; and student participation in and completion of
vocational and technical

education programs that lead to non- traditional training and employment.

Provides funds to local educational agencies and postsecondary educational
institutions with vocational and technical education programs, for
education program improvement. The beneficiaries are secondary students
and postsecondary students who enroll in vocational and technical
education.

Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Formula Grant Program* Youth Opportunity
Grants

To increase the long- term employment of youth who live in empowerment
zones, enterprise communities, and high poverty areas. Youth Opportunity
Grants concentrate extensive

resources in high poverty areas in order to bring about community- wide
impact on: Employment rates, high school completion rates, and college
enrollment rates.

Youth eligible to be served by the grant must be 14 to 21 years of age;
reside in the target area; and males age 18 and above must be registered
as required under the Selective Service Act. Youth residing in the target
community are eligible to be served by these grants regardless of family
income.

Source: Program objectives and eligibility criteria obtained from the
Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance and from agency officials. a
Category includes American Indians and all other indigenous populations.

Appendix IX: Program Objectives and Eligibility Criteria for Federally
Funded Employment and Training Programs

Page 53 GAO- 03- 589 Multiple Employment and Training Programs Food Stamp
Employment and Training Program: Better Data Needed to Understand Who Is
Served and What the Program Achieves. GAO- 03- 388.

Washington, D. C.: March 12, 2003. Workforce Training: Employed Worker
Programs Focus on Business Needs, but Revised Performance Measures Could
Improve Access for Some Workers. GAO- 03- 353. Washington, D. C.: February
14, 2003.

Older Workers: Employment Assistance Focuses on Subsidized Jobs and Job
Search, but Revised Performance Measures Could Improve Access to Other
Services. GAO- 03- 350. Washington, D. C.: January 24, 2003

Workforce Investment Act: States* Spending Is on Track, but Better
Guidance Would Improve Financial Reporting. GAO- 03- 239. Washington, D.
C.: November 22, 2002.

Workforce Investment Act: States and Localities Increasingly Coordinate
Services for TANF Clients, but Better Information Needed on Effective
Approaches. GAO- 02- 696. Washington, D. C.: July 3, 2002.

High Skill- Training: Grants from H- 1B Visa Fees Meet Specific Workforce
Needs, but at Varying Skill Levels. GAO- 02- 881. Washington, D. C.:
September 20, 2002.

Workforce Investment Act: Youth Provisions Promote New Service Strategies,
but Additional Guidance Would Enhance Program Development. GAO- 02- 413.
Washington, D. C.: April 5, 2002. Workforce Investment Act: Better
Guidance and Revised Funding

Formula Would Enhance Dislocated Worker Program. GAO- 02- 274. Washington,
D. C.: February 11, 2002. Workforce Investment Act: Improvements Needed in
Performance

Measures to Provide a More Accurate Picture of WIA*s Effectiveness. GAO-
02- 275. Washington, D. C.: February 1, 2002.

Workforce Investment Act: Better Guidance Needed to Address Concerns Over
New Requirements. GAO- 02- 72. Washington, D. C.: Oct. 4, 2001.

Veterans* Employment and Training Service: Proposed Performance
Measurement System Improved, But Further Changes Needed. GAO- 01- 580.
Washington, D. C.: May 15, 2001. Related Products

(130213)

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512- 7470 Jeff Nelligan, managing director, NelliganJ@ gao. gov (202) 512-
4800

U. S. General Accounting Office, 441 G Street NW, Room 7149 Washington, D.
C. 20548 GAO*s Mission Obtaining Copies of

GAO Reports and Testimony

Order by Mail or Phone To Report Fraud, Waste, and Abuse in Federal
Programs Public Affairs
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