Olympic Games: Costs to Plan and Stage the Games in the United
States (08-NOV-01, GAO-02-140).
Since 1980, the Winter and Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games
hosted in the United States have increased in size and magnitude,
as have the total direct costs to plan and stage them. The
reported direct costs to plan and stage the Games discussed in
this report ranged from $363 million to more than $2.4 billion.
Although the total dollar amount of federal funding and support
has increased, the total federal share of the reported total
direct costs to plan and stage the games has decreased. Since
1980, the amount of funding and support provided by governments
at the local and state levels has increased. Generally, federal
funding and support for the total direct costs of each of these
Olympic Games was either specifically designated by Congress or
approved by the federal agencies.
-------------------------Indexing Terms-------------------------
REPORTNUM: GAO-02-140
ACCNO: A02414
TITLE: Olympic Games: Costs to Plan and Stage the Games in the
United States
DATE: 11/08/2001
SUBJECT: Comparative analysis
Cost analysis
Federal funds
1980 Winter Olympic Games
1984 Summer Olympic Games
1996 Summer Olympic Games
2002 Winter Olympic Games
2002 Winter Paralympic Games
Salt Lake City (UT)
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GAO-02-140
A
Report to the Ranking Minority Member Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch
Committee on Appropriations
U. S. Senate
November 2001 OLYMPIC GAMES Costs to Plan and Stage the Games in the United
States
GAO- 02- 140
Letter 1 Results in Brief 4 Background 6 About $363 Million Spent to Plan
and Stage the 1980 Winter Olympic
Games in Lake Placid 6 Excluding Additional Security Requirements Brought
About by the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks, Planning and Staging
Costs
for the 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games Are Estimated at $1. 9
Billion 9 Total Direct Cost and Government Funding and Support for Planning
and Staging the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los
Angeles 12 Total Direct Cost and Government Funding and Support for Planning
and Staging the1996 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games in Atlanta, GA 15
Agency Comments and Our Evaluation 17 Appendixes
Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 20
Appendix II: Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the
1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid, NY 24
Appendix III: Direct Federal Funding and Support for the Planned 2002 Winter
Olympic and Paralympic Games at Salt Lake City, UT 28
Appendix IV: Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the
1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles, CA 42
Appendix V: Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the
1996 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games 46
Appendix VI: Comments From the Salt Lake Organizing Committee 54 Figures
Figure 1: Total Direct Cost for Projects and Activities Related to Planning
and Staging the 1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid, NY 7
Figure 2: Federal Government?s Total Direct Cost for Projects and Activities
Related to Planning and Staging the 1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake
Placid, NY 8
Figure 3: Total Direct Cost for Planning and Staging the 2002 Winter Olympic
and Paralympic Games in Salt Lake City, UT 10 Figure 4: Federal Government?s
Total Direct Cost for Projects and
Activities Related to Planning and Staging the 2002 Winter Olympic and
Paralympic Games in Salt Lake City, UT 12 Figure 5: Total Direct Cost for
Projects and Activities Related to Planning and Staging the 1984 Summer
Olympic Games in Los Angeles, CA 13
Figure 6: Federal Government?s Total Direct Cost for Projects and Activities
Related to Planning and Staging the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los
Angeles, CA 14 Figure 7: Total Direct Cost for Planning and Staging the 1996
Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games in Atlanta, GA 16 Figure 8: Federal
Government?s Total Direct Cost for Projects and
Activities Related to Planning and Staging the 1996 Summer Olympic and
Paralympic Games in Atlanta, GA 17
Abbreviations
ACOG Atlanta Committee for Olympic Games APOC Atlanta Paralympic Organizing
Committee GSA General Services Administration LAOOC Los Angeles Olympic
Organizing Committee LPOC Lake Placid Organizing Committee OMB Office of
Management and Budget SLOC Salt Lake City Organizing Committee USOC U. S.
Olympic Committee
Lett er
November 8, 2001 The Honorable Robert F. Bennett Ranking Minority Member
Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch Committee on Appropriations United
States Senate
Dear Senator Bennett: As we have reported in the past, 1 the federal
government has provided and continues to provide significant funding and
support to help plan and stage the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games 2 when
held in the United States. To place such government support in perspective,
you requested that we answer the following questions: What is the total
direct cost of planning and staging the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games
held in the United States and in other countries that have hosted the Games
since 1980?
What is the total amount of direct funding and support 3 provided by the
various levels of government within the United States and in other countries
for these events?
How much of the federal funding and support was specifically designated by
Congress 4 for Olympic- related purposes or approved by the federal agencies
and provided through their normal funding procedures for each of the Games
held in the United States? How does the total cost of the various Games
compare with the various domestic and foreign governments? share of the
cost?
How do the government- sponsored Olympic- related projects and activities
compare among the various Games? 1 Olympic Games: Federal Government
Provides Significant Funding and Support (GAO/ GGD- 00- 183, Sept. 8, 2000).
2 The Paralympic Games are for disabled athletes and, when held, are held
immediately following the Olympic Games. 3 For the purpose of this report,
?direct funding and support? means the funding and support that would not
have been provided were it not for the Olympic and Paralympic Games. 4 These
are federal funds and support identified for a specific Olympic- related
purpose, as described in appropriations acts or committee reports
accompanying those acts.
To meet your immediate need for information, we agreed to respond to these
questions in two separate reports. This report addresses the first three
questions listed above, as they pertain to the Olympic and Paralympic Games
held in the United States. Specifically, this report identifies the
reported total direct cost of planning and staging the Winter Olympic Games
held in 1980 at Lake Placid, NY; 5 the Winter Olympic Games and Paralympic
Games planned for 2002 at Salt Lake City, UT; the Summer Olympic Games held
in 1984 at Los Angeles, CA; 6 and the Summer Olympic Games and Paralympic
Games held in 1996 at Atlanta, GA. This report also identifies, to the
maximum extent possible, total direct government funding and support at the
local, state, and federal levels in the United States for
each of these games. Additionally, this report focuses on how the direct
federal funding and support were used, and it identifies all of the reported
federally sponsored projects and activities for each of the Games. Finally,
this report identifies the federal funding and support specifically
designated by Congress for Olympic- related purposes for each of the Games
in the United States and the amount of federal funding and support approved
by the federal agencies and provided through their normal funding
procedures. The second report will update the information presented herein
and will respond to the last two questions you asked regarding the Games
discussed in this report. Additionally, the second report will address all
of your questions regarding the Olympic Winter Games held in 1988 at
Calgary, Canada; and in 1994 at Lillehammer, Norway; the Olympic Summer
Games held in 1992 at Barcelona, Spain; and in 2000 at Sydney, Australia.
The
second report will be issued in 2002. 5 The Paralympic Games were not a part
of the 1980 Olympic Winter Games. 6 The Paralympic Games were not a part of
the 1984 Olympic Summer Games.
Because there is no central source for all of the information you requested,
we obtained cost data reported by the principal parties that funded and
supported these events. 7 These parties included (1) applicable Olympic
Games Organizing Committees, which are private organizations established by
the host cities to plan and stage the Games; (2) state and local governments
associated with the designated host cities for the Games; and (3) federal
government agencies, through their various programs and activities. Our
primary sources of information included (1) the Salt Lake City Organizing
Committee (SLOC) officials, who are currently responsible for planning and
staging the Games planned for 2002 at Salt Lake City, UT; (2) California and
Utah state and local government officials, who are cognizant of their
respective state and local governments? funding and support for the Games;
and (3) federal officials at the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and
24 other federal agencies that provided funding and support for the Olympic
and Paralympic Games. The
effort to identify federal funding and support was aided considerably by
OMB?s implementation of our past recommendation to provide a consolidated
report of federal agency funding and support for the Olympic Games.
Specifically, the President?s 2002 Budget listed for the first time all
federal Olympic spending in one table and identified the federal agencies
and the amounts spent or planned to be spent for the 2002 Games in Salt Lake
City. 8 We began with these listed agencies and obtained the necessary
supporting information to verify or update their reported figures.
Additionally, we relied upon other previously published information,
including that reported (1) by us on federal funding and support and the
7 At the time of this review, federal, state, and local government and SLOC
officials were reviewing their security- related concerns in light of the
terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, to determine whether additional
federal funding and support would be needed to meet any additional security
requirements. As reported to us by October 25, 2001, the General Services
Administration requested $800, 000; U. S. Department of Agriculture, Office
of Inspector General, requested $344, 000; Department of Justice requested
$1, 378, 000; and
Department of Defense requested $30 million for additional security
requirements. But to date, only $20 million of Defense?s request had been
approved. The SLOC finance director told us that SLOC currently did not plan
on requesting additional federal funding or support. The Utah Public Safety
Command Director told us that the Command planned to request an additional
$4. 5 million in federal funding and additional military support to assist
in local
public safety activities. Because other federal agencies? plans were still
under review and not all of the requests had been approved, we did not
include these additional costs or government funding and support associated
with the September 11, 2001, attacks in this report. The second report will
include all reported approved additional costs. 8 The President?s Budget as
presented for Fiscal Year 2002 Analytical Perspectives, Budget
of the United States Government, Executive Office of the President of the
United States.
types of government- sponsored projects and activities for the 1984 Olympic
and 1996 Olympic and Paralympic Games; (2) by Olympic Organizing Committees
following the 1984 Olympic and 1996 Olympic and Paralympic Games, which
reported the amount of the private- sector costs for each of the Games; and
(3) by various federal agencies, congressional committees, and the
Congressional Research Service, since 1980. We reviewed these
reports and, to the extent possible, obtained and examined available
supporting documentation, but we did not independently verify the data. We
conducted our review from August 2001 to October 2001, in accordance with
generally accepted government auditing standards. A more detailed
description of our scope and methodology is included in appendix I.
Results in Brief Since 1980, the Winter and Summer Olympic and Paralympic
Games hosted in the United States have increased in size and magnitude, as
have the total direct costs to plan and stage the Games. According to
federal and
organizing committee officials, these costs were greatly affected by such
factors as the type and size of the Games. Also, the Paralympic Games, when
held in conjunction with the Olympic Games, increased the total
costs of planning and staging the Games. The reported total direct costs to
plan and stage the Games discussed in this report ranged from a low of $363
million, in 2001 dollars, for the 1980 Winter Olympic Games held in Lake
Placid, NY, to a high of more than $2.4 billion for the 1996 Summer Olympic
Games held in Atlanta, GA. 9 Correspondingly, since 1980, the amount of
funding and support provided by governments at the local, state, and federal
levels has also increased.
Based on the information available, state and local government funding of
the direct costs for planning and staging the Games ranged from what was
termed as a minimal amount (by the former Los Angeles Olympic Organizing
Committee (LAOOC) Vice- President for Government Relations) for the 1984
Games at Los Angeles to a maximum of about $225 million (12 percent of the
total cost) for the planned 2002 Games at Salt Lake City. The reported total
amount of direct federal government funding and support for these Games
ranged from a low of about $78 million of the total direct cost for the 1984
Games to a high of about $342 million of the total direct cost for the
planned 2002 Games. However, we also noted that although the
total dollar amount of federal funding and support has increased since 9 All
financial information presented in this report is in constant 2001 dollars.
1980, the total federal share of the reported total direct costs to plan and
stage the Games has actually decreased. For example, the federal share of
the total direct costs to plan and stage the 1980 Winter Olympic Games at
Lake Placid was about 50 percent of the total direct costs, whereas the
federal share for the planned 2002 Winter Olympic Games at Salt Lake City is
currently estimated at 18 percent of the total direct costs. Similarly, the
federal share of the 1984 Summer Olympic Games at Los Angeles was about 11
percent, whereas the federal share of the total direct cost for the 1996
Summer Olympic Games at Atlanta was 8 percent.
Generally, federal funding and support for the total direct costs of each of
these Olympic Games was either specifically designated by Congress or
approved by the federal agencies and provided through their normal funding
procedures. Specifically, Congress designated $96 million (53 percent of the
federal funding and support) toward the 1980 Winter Games; $206 million (59
percent of the federal funding and support) toward the planned 2002 Winter
Games; $76 million (98 percent of the federal funding and support) for the
1984 Summer Games; and $86 million (45 percent of the federal funding and
support) toward the 1996 Summer Games. The remaining amounts of federal
funding and support, as mentioned above, for each of the Games were approved
by the federal agencies and were provided through the agencies? normal
funding procedures. With the exception of the 1980 Games, where the largest
share of the direct federal funding and support (71 percent) was used to
build and construct venues for sporting events and housing for athletes and
coaches, the largest federal share for the other three Games was used or is
expected to be used
principally to provide safety- and security- related services- 95 percent
for the 1984 Games, 52 percent for the 1996 Games, and 54 percent for the
planned 2002 Games. 10
10 As mentioned earlier, the total amount to be spent for security- related
purposes at the 2002 Games will increase as a result of the September 11,
2001, attacks.
Background The Olympic Games take place every 4 years, with the Winter and
Summer Games alternating on a 2- year cycle. The Ted Stevens Olympic and
Amateur Sports Act (Amateur Sports Act), 36 U. S. C.sect. 220501 et seq., which
was originally enacted in 1978 as the Amateur Sports Act, gives the U. S.
Olympic Committee (USOC) exclusive jurisdiction over all matters pertaining
to the participation of the United States in the Olympic Games, including
the representation of the United States in such Games and the
organization of the Games when held in the United States. 11 The Amateur
Sports Act was amended in 1998 to incorporate the Paralympic Games under the
umbrella of USOC. Although organized separately, the 1996 Summer Olympic
Games marked the first time the Paralympic Games were held in conjunction
with the Olympic Games in the United States. On May 27, 1997, SLOC was
awarded the rights to host the 2002 Winter Paralympic Games. About $363
Million
Lake Placid, NY, a small village with a population of 3,500 at the time,
Spent to Plan and Stage served as the host city for the Winter Olympic Games
in 1980. According to information compiled by a USOC official, 1,072
athletes from 37 countries the 1980 Winter participated in 38 skiing,
skating, and sledding events at 6 venue locations
Olympic Games in for an audience of 517,000 people. At that time, the
Paralympic Games were
Lake Placid not held in conjunction with the Olympic Games. According to a
Department of Commerce report following the Games, and as shown in figure 1,
about $363 million was spent on planning and staging these
Games. 12 The Lake Placid Organizing Committee (LPOC) funded about $121
million (33 percent) of the total cost. The State of New York provided about
$63 million (17 percent) for building and constructing venues, such
as the alpine, cross- country, and biathlon skiing facilities in the Lake
Placid area. In addition, the federal government provided about $179 million
(50 percent) in funding and support. According to the Department of Commerce
report, of the $179 million in federal funding and support, Congress
specifically designated about $96 million for Olympic- related
projects, and the remaining approximately $83 million was approved and
provided through the normal funding procedures of the departments of 11 USOC
is a federally chartered private organization that is primarily responsible
for
coordinating and developing amateur athletic activities in the United
States. 12 Final Report: Olympic Winter Games Authorization Act of 1976,
September 1, 1980, to December 31, 1982, U. S. Department of Commerce,
Economic Development Administration.
Defense, Transportation, Commerce, Energy, the Interior, and Justice.
Collectively, the departments of Commerce and the Interior provided about
$102 million (57 percent) of the total federal expenditures. Figure 1: Total
Direct Cost for Projects and Activities Related to Planning and Staging the
1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid, NY
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Economic Development Administration.
As shown in figure 2, federal funding and support for the Games, or about
$127 million (71 percent of the federal share), was used for venue
construction (37 percent) and housing for the athletes (34 percent).
Specifically, the federal government helped finance the ski jumps, speed
skating oval, skating arena, winter sports arena, luge run, parking
facilities, dressing rooms, and storage facilities. The federal government
also provided housing and infrastructure support projects for the athletes,
trainers, and coaches, such as the temporary and permanent buildings erected
on a 55- acre site near Lake Placid used to house the athletes participating
in the Games. These facilities were also used for security operations. The
remaining direct federal funding and support were used for safety- and
security- related activities, which accounted for about $23
million (13 percent); transportation projects, such as highway, airport, and
railway improvements, which accounted for about $16 million (9 percent); and
staging- and- operations activities during the Olympic events, which
accounted for about $13 million (7 percent). Appendix II lists the specific
federally sponsored Olympic- related projects and activities and the amounts
of federal funding and support for each.
Figure 2: Federal Government?s Total Direct Cost for Projects and Activities
Related to Planning and Staging the 1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake
Placid, NY
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Economic Development Administration.
Excluding Additional In February 2002, according to SLOC officials, Salt
Lake City will become
Security Requirements the largest city to host the Winter Olympic Games and
will also become the
host of the largest Winter Olympic Games held to date. SLOC officials
Brought About by the
expect that this city, with a population of approximately 1.5 million
people, September 11, 2001, will host 3,500 Olympic athletes participating
in 70 sporting events at 10 Terrorist Attacks,
venues. Additionally, SLOC officials expect 1, 100 Paralympic athletes to
participate in 34 sporting events at 10 venues. As of July 31, 2001, the
total Planning and Staging direct cost for projects and activities related
to planning and staging the
Costs for the 2002 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City is estimated
at $1.9 billion. Winter Olympic and As shown in figure 3, SLOC plans to fund
about $1.3 billion (70 percent). Paralympic Games Are
Additionally, Utah state officials working with SLOC report that Utah state
Estimated at $1.9
agencies and institutions are planning to provide about $150 million (8
percent) and the Salt Lake City local government is planning to provide
Billion about $75 million (4 percent) for such projects as roads and bus
systems directly related to supporting the Games. Finally, of the $1. 9
billion, it is estimated that the federal government will provide
approximately $342 million (18 percent) of the total direct cost for
planning and staging the
Games. 13 13 As we reported in September 2000, approximately $1. 1 billion
in additional federal funding and support had been provided or was planned
to be provided indirectly for the 2002 Olympic and Paralympic Games. This
funding and support was used or was planned to be used for such projects as
highways, transit systems, and other capital improvements. According to
federal and state officials, these projects would eventually have been
undertaken regardless of the Olympic Games, but they were prioritized or
accelerated so that they could be completed in time for the Games.
Figure 3: Total Direct Cost for Planning and Staging the 2002 Winter Olympic
and Paralympic Games in Salt Lake City, UT
Source: Salt Lake Organizing Committee, OMB, and various other federal
agencies.
Specifically, 18 federal agencies reported that they have provided or plan
to provide an estimated $342 million in funding and support for projects and
activities directly related to the planned 2002 Games. Of the $342 million
in federal funding and support provided or planned for the 2002 Games,
Congress had specifically designated about $208 million (61 percent) for
specific Olympic- related projects and activities. About $134 million (39
percent) was approved by the agencies and provided through their normal
funding procedures.
As shown in figure 4, the federal government?s involvement includes safety-
and security- related activities, transportation, housing and infrastructure
support, venue building and construction, and staging operations during the
Games. In total, not including additional security costs that may be
incurred as a result of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the
federal government plans to spend about $185 million on safety- and
security- related activities. Such activities range from venue perimeter
security projects and activities during the Games themselves to heightened
security- related activities of individual agencies necessitated by the
Games.
For example, the General Services Administration (GSA) plans to spend about
$1. 6 million to protect its facilities during the Games. These are funds
that GSA would not have had to spend were it not for the Olympic Games. The
next largest amount of federal funding and support is about $106 million for
transportation projects. The Department of Transportation
plans to spend this amount in part to provide a temporary spectator
transportation system. This system will consist of Salt Lake City transit
buses and drivers and borrowed transit buses and drivers from other cities
across the United States, bus maintenance, construction and operation of
park- and- ride lots, and loading and unloading facilities. In addition, the
Department of Transportation is planning to provide an additional $25
million, of the total $27 million allocated for venue construction, to
support the building and construction of access roads to certain venues for
the Games. An estimated $19 million in federal funds is also being provided
to support staging- and- operations activities during the Games. The
Department of Housing and Urban Development is providing an estimated $4
million for Salt Lake City redevelopment projects and temporary housing for
the athletes participating in the Games. Appendix III lists the specific
federally sponsored Olympic- related projects and activities and the amounts
of federal funding and support for each.
Figure 4: Federal Government?s Total Direct Cost for Projects and Activities
Related to Planning and Staging the 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games
in Salt Lake City, UT
Source: OMB and various other federal agencies.
Total Direct Cost and Los Angeles, then a metropolis of more than 11 million
people, hosted the Government Funding 1984 Olympic Games. According to
information compiled by a USOC
official, about 7,078 athletes from 140 nations participated in 221 sporting
and Support for
events at 27 venues for an audience of an estimated 8 million visitors to
the Planning and Staging
Olympic Games. At that time, the Paralympic Games were not held along the
1984 Summer
with the Olympic Games. As shown in figure 5, the reported total direct cost
to plan and stage the 1984 Games was approximately $707 million. Of Olympic
Games in Los this amount, LAOOC reported providing about $629 million (89
percent) of Angeles the total direct cost for the Games. The remaining
approximately $78 million of the total direct cost for planning and staging
the Games, as we reported in September 2000, was provided by the federal
government through the departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense,
Justice,
State, Transportation, Health and Human Services, the Treasury, and Veterans
Affairs, as well as the Federal Communications Commission and the U. S.
Information Agency.
Figure 5: Total Direct Cost for Projects and Activities Related to Planning
and Staging the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles, CA
Source: OMB and various other federal agencies.
Although data on California and Los Angeles government funding and support
for the 1984 Games were not available, according to the former LAOOC Vice-
President for Government Relations for the 1984 Games, state and local
funding was minimal. According to this official, Los Angeles voters passed a
charter amendment in November 1978 prohibiting any capital expenditure by
the city on the Olympic Games that would not, by binding commitment, be
reimbursed. As noted in our September 2000 report, Los Angeles city
officials believed that the host cities for Olympic Games held before 1984
often overextended themselves by trying to complete state- of- the- art
Olympic venues and related capital improvement projects. Such actions, in
their view, pushed those host cities into debt that
remained long after the Games. As a result, city officials decided that they
(1) would not undertake any new construction or capital improvements
specifically for the Olympic Games and (2) would encourage spectators to
use the transit or bus systems in place at the time or simply to drive their
cars to the events.
Figure 5 also shows that the approximately $78 million in federal funding
and support represented about 11 percent of the total cost for projects and
activities related to the Games. As shown in figure 6, about $74 million of
the federal expenditures was used to support safety- and security- related
activities for the Games. The remaining $4 million was used for stagingand-
operations activities during the events. Of the $78 million total, Congress
specifically designated about $76 million for mostly securityrelated
projects and activities, and $2 million (3 percent) was approved by the
federal agencies and provided through their normal funding procedures.
Appendix IV lists the specific federally sponsored Olympicrelated projects
and activities and the amounts of federal funding and support for each.
Figure 6: Federal Government?s Total Direct Cost for Projects and Activities
Related to Planning and Staging the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los
Angeles, CA
Source: OMB and various other federal agencies.
Total Direct Cost and Atlanta, GA, is a large metropolitan area that had a
population of more than Government Funding
3.4 million in 1996 when it served as the host city for the Summer Olympic
Games. According to information compiled by a USOC official, about and
Support for
10, 332 Olympic athletes from 197 countries participated in 271 sporting
Planning and Staging events at 29 venues, for an audience estimated at 8.3
million people. Also,
the1996 Summer 3,310 Paralympic athletes from 104 countries participated in
sporting events at 16 venues. As shown in figure 7, the total direct cost
for planning Olympic and
and staging these Games was about $2.4 billion. According to the Paralympic
Games in information compiled by SLOC officials, of the $2.4 billion, the
Atlanta
Committee for Olympic Games (ACOG) and the Atlanta Paralympic Atlanta, GA
Organizing Committee (APOC) contributed nearly $2 billion (82 percent) for
the 1996 Games. ACOG- and APOC- funded projects and activities
included transportation, safety and security, Paralympic operations,
temporary and permanent facilities, and telecommunications. According to
information from SLOC, local governments where the various venues
were located during the Games contributed about $234 million (10 percent),
which was used to help construct some of the facilities used to support the
Games. 14 The federal government?s share of the total cost to
plan and stage the event, as we reported in our September 2000 report, was
about $193 million, or 8 percent of the approximately $2. 4 billion in total
direct costs. 15 14 Data on state funding and support were not available at
the time of this review. 15 As we reported in September 2000, approximately
$443 million in additional federal funding and support had been provided
indirectly for the 1996 Olympic and Paralympic Games. This funding and
support were used for such projects as highways, transit systems, and other
capital improvements. According to federal and state officials, these
projects would eventually have been undertaken regardless of the Olympic
Games, but they were prioritized or accelerated so that they could be
completed in time for the Games.
Figure 7: Total Direct Cost for Planning and Staging the 1996 Summer Olympic
and Paralympic Games in Atlanta, GA
Of the approximately $193 million provided by the federal government, $86
million (45 percent) was specifically designated by Congress for
Olympicrelated projects and activities and $106 million (55 percent) was
approved by the agencies and provided through their normal funding
procedures. Similar to previous Olympic Games, ensuring adequate safety and
security was a primary concern of federal officials at the Games in Atlanta.
As shown in figure 8, safety- and security- related projects related to the
Games
represented about $101 million (52 percent) of the federal government?s
total direct cost. The federal agencies providing safety- and
securityrelated funding and support included the departments of Agriculture,
Defense, Health and Human Services, the Interior, Justice, State,
Transportation, the Treasury, and Veterans Affairs. Funding and support was
also provided by the Corporation for National and Community Services, the
Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Federal Executive Board, and the
Environmental Protection Agency. About $68
million (36 percent) of the $193 million in federal expenditures was used
for venue construction and staging operations during the Olympic events. For
example, approximately $18 million was used to construct the Whitewater
Rapids Venue, and approximately $5 million was used for the pre- trial and
Olympic Whitewater Rapids events operations during the Games. Transportation
represented about $21 million (11 percent) of the
federal funds expended on the Games, housing and infrastructure projects
represented $2 million (1 percent), and venue construction represented about
$36 million (19 percent).
Figure 8: Federal Government?s Total Direct Cost for Projects and Activities
Related to Planning and Staging the 1996 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games
in Atlanta, GA
Source: OMB and various other federal agencies.
Agency Comments and We provided copies of a draft of this report to the
heads of OMB, SLOC, and
Our Evaluation USOC and to former officials of LAOOC for their review and
comments.
Additionally, for their review and comments, we provided to each of the
federal agencies listed in Appendix III copies of a draft of their reported
figures regarding (1) the amount of federal funding and support and (2) the
applicable projects and activities for the planned 2002 Olympic and
Paralympic Games at Salt Lake City, UT. We received oral comments from
agency- designated officials or audit liaisons at OMB and most of the
federal
agencies, and from the former LAOOC Vice- President for Government
Relations. Generally these officials had no comments, or they provided
technical changes- to correct the reported amounts of federal funding and
support provided for the Olympic Games, or to improve clarity- which were
made where appropriate.
We also received written comments from the president and chief executive
officer of SLOC, which generally agreed with our report. Briefly, he stated
that our report accurately reflected the growth of the Olympic and
Paralympic Games during the past 20 years and pointed out that the increase
in the federal government?s share of the cost occurred in traditional areas
of government functions, security and transportation, while federal
expenditure on nongovernment functions, such as venue construction, had
significantly decreased. He also cited two significant factors, outside the
scope of our work, that contributed to the growth in cost: the technological
advances in measuring and in broadcasting the
results of the competitions. Finally, he explained that one of his top
priorities is to help reverse the trend of the Games to be ?bigger and
better? than those before, and that he plans to make a series of
recommendations
to the International Olympic Committee president on reducing the scope and
controlling the growth in cost for future Olympic Games. Unless you publicly
announce the contents of this report earlier, we plan no further
distribution of it until 15 days from the date of this report. We will then
send copies of this report to Senator Robert C. Byrd, Chairman of the Senate
Committee on Appropriations; Ted Stevens, Ranking Minority Member, Senate
Committee on Appropriations; and C. W. Bill Young, Chairman, and David R.
Obey, Ranking Minority Member, of the House Committee on Appropriations. We
are also sending copies to Senators Fritz Hollings, Chairman, and John
McCain, Ranking Minority Member, of
the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation; and
Representatives W. J. Billy Tauzin, Chairman, and John D. Dingell, Ranking
Minority Member, of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce. We are also
sending copies of this report to Senator Orrin Hatch and
Representatives James V. Hansen, Jim Matheson, and Christopher Cannon, of
Utah. Copies of this report will also be sent to the Director of OMB; the
secretaries of the departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education,
Energy, Health and Human Services, the Interior, Housing and
Urban Development, Labor, State, Transportation, the Treasury, and Veterans
Affairs; and the Attorney General. We are also sending copies to the heads
of the Environmental Protection Agency, Federal
Communications Commission, Federal Emergency Management Agency, General
Services Administration, and Tennessee Valley Authority; and to
the Postmaster General. We will also make copies available to others upon
request.
Major contributors to this report included Sherrill Johnson, Michael Rives,
Frederick Lyles, Melvin Horne, and Michael Yacura. If you have any
questions, please contact me at (202) 512- 8387 or ungarb@ gao. gov.
Sincerely yours, Bernard L. Ungar Director, Physical Infrastructure Issues
Appendi Appendi xes x I
Objectives, Scope, and Methodology As discussed in this report, the
objectives of this assignment were to determine: the total direct cost of
planning and staging the Winter Olympic Games held in 1980 at Lake Placid,
NY; and the Winter Olympic Games and
Paralympic Games planned for 2002 at Salt Lake City, UT; the Summer Olympic
Games held in 1984 at Los Angeles, CA; and the Summer Olympic Games and
Paralympic Games held in 1996 at Atlanta, GA; the total direct government
funding and support at the local, state, and
federal levels, where available, for each of these Games; how the federal
funding and support were used; a complete roster of all the reported
projects and activities for each of the Games; and the amount of federal
funds and support specifically designated by
Congress for Olympic- related purposes, and the amount of federal funding
and support approved by the agencies and provided through their normal
funding procedures for each of these Games.
To respond to the first objective, because there is no central source for
the needed information, we obtained data on the costs incurred by the
principal parties that funded and supported these events. These parties
included (1) applicable Olympic Games Organizing Committees that are
private organizations established by the host cities to plan and stage the
Games; (2) state and local governments associated with the designated host
cities for the Games; and (3) federal government agencies. Our primary
sources of information included:
Salt Lake City Organizing Committee (SLOC) officials, who are currently
responsible for planning and staging the Games planned for 2002 at Salt Lake
City, and Olympic organizing committee reports following the 1984 Olympics
and the1996 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games, which provided financial
statements showing the total amount of the privatesector costs for each of
the Games; Utah and California state and local government officials
cognizant of their respective state and local governments? funding and
support for
the Games held in Salt Lake City and in Los Angeles; and
Department of Commerce report published in 1982 after the 1980 Winter
Olympic Games; our previously published report regarding federal funding and
support for the 1984 Olympics and the 1996 Summer Olympic and Paralympic
Games; and OMB and 22 federal organizations, including the U. S. Postal
Service, for the planned 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games at Salt
Lake City. 1 The federal agencies included the Department of Agriculture,
Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, Department of
Education, Department of Energy, Department of Health and Human
Services, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of the
Interior, Department of Justice, Department of Labor, Department of
State, Department of Transportation, Department of the Treasury,
Department of Veterans Affairs, Environmental Protection Agency, Federal
Communications Commission, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal
Executive Board, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics
and Space Administration, Social Security Administration, and U. S.
Postal Service.
To respond to the second objective, we also contacted state and local
government officials associated with the designated host city for the Games,
and we made inquiries of the 22 federal organizations listed above. The
effort to identify federal funding and support was aided considerably 1 Of
the 22 federal agencies, four federal agencies (Department of Labor, Federal
Executive
Board, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Social
Security Administration) reported providing no funding or support for the
2002 Winter Olympic and Paralymic Games.
by OMB?s implementation of our past recommendation to require a consolidated
reporting of federal agency funding and support for the Olympic Games.
Specifically, the President?s 2002 Budget listed for the first time all
federal Olympic spending in one table, which identified the federal agencies
and the amounts spent or planned to be spent for the 2002 Games in Salt Lake
City. We began with these listed agencies and obtained the necessary
supporting information to verify or update their reported figures. We relied
upon the agency officials? reports of (1) funding and support, and (2)
projects and activities directly related to planning and staging the Olympic
Games or Paralympic Games. To respond to the third objective, we relied upon
information we and other agencies previously reported pertaining to the
amount of congressionally
designated and agency- approved federal funding and support for the Games
held in 1980 at Lake Placid, NY; in 1984 at Los Angeles, CA; and in 1996 at
Atlanta, GA. We depended upon the agencies to update the amount of
congressionally designated and agency- approved federal funding and
support, and to report this information to us for the planned 2002 Games at
Salt Lake City, UT. At each agency we obtained, to the extent possible,
supporting information for (1) the agency?s reported federal funding and
support, and (2) the agency?s identification and description of its Olympic-
related projects and activities. The figures reported by the agencies for
the planned 2002 Games
at Salt Lake City, UT, included all funding and support as of July 31, 2001.
We did not independently verify the data but relied upon each agency to make
its own determination as to (1) the funding and support, and (2) the project
or activity?s direct relationship to planning and staging the Olympic
and Paralympic Games. We conducted our review from August 2001 to October
2001, in accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards.
Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the 1980 Winter
Olympic
Appendi x II
Games in Lake Placid, NY 2001 Dollars in thousands
Project or activity Safety/ Security Transportation
Designated Designated
by by Federal orgranization Description of project or activity Expenditure
Congress a Expenditure
Congress a Department of Defense $23, 438 0 0 0
Security manpower (National Guard, 23, 438 0 0 0 Medical, etc.), equipment
and temporary facilities
Department of Transportation 0 0 $11, 523 0
Federal Highway Administration Grants to New York State for roads 0 0 9, 375
0 Federal Aviation Administration Grants to New York State for airports 0 0
2, 148 0
Department of the Interior 0 0 0 0
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation Grants to New York State for 0 0 00
Whiteface Mountain ski trails, lifts, and lodge facilities
Department of Commerce 0 0 4,016 $4,016
Economic Development EDA grant for railroad project 0 0 3, 213 3, 213
Administration EDA- funded facilities/ Services Project management 0 0 0 0
Speed skating oval 0 0 0 0 New field house 0 0 0 0 Existing arena
modifications 0 0 0 0 Administration building 0 0 0 0 Ski jumps 0 0 0 0 Luge
run 0 0 0 0 Parking 0 0 803 803 Increased electrical power 0 0 0 0 Sanitary
and water facilities 0 0 0 0 Temporary and miscellaneous 0 0 00 facilities
Temporary athletes? housing at BOP
0 0 00 facilities Temporary support housing 0 0 0 0
Opening ceremonies facilities 0 0 0 0 Furnishings 0 0 00
Housing/ Infrastructure support Venue construction Staging the event Total
Federal funds Designated by
Designated by Designated by
Designated by Expenditure Congress a Expenditure Congress a Expenditure
Congress a Expenditure Congress a
0 0 00 0 0$ 23, 4380
0 0 00 0 023, 4380
0 0 00 0 011, 5230
0 0 00 0 09, 3750 0 0 00 0 02, 1480
0 0$ 6, 250 0 0 06, 2500
0 06, 250 0 0 06, 2500
$17,506 $17,506 60, 893 $60,893 $13, 475 $13,475 95, 889 $95, 889
0 0 00 0 03, 2133, 213 0 0 0 0 9, 398 9,398 9, 398 9, 398 0 0 5,084 5, 084 0
0 5,084 5,084 0 0 27, 459 27, 459 0 0 27, 459 27, 459 0 0 7,125 7, 125 0 0
7,125 7,125 0 0 1,217 1, 217 0 0 1,217 1,217 0 0 9,904 9, 904 0 0 9,904
9,904 0 0 10, 104 10, 104 0 0 10, 104 10, 104 0 0 00 0 0803803 0 0 0 0 3,
576 3,576 3, 576 3, 576 0 0 0 0 500 500 500 500 6,145 6, 145 0 0 0 0 6, 145
6, 145
7,027 7, 027 0 0 0 0 7, 027 7, 027 2,852 2, 852 0 0 0 0 2, 852 2, 852 1,035
1, 035 0 0 0 0 1, 035 1, 035 447 447 0 0 0 0 447 447
2001 Dollars in thousands
Project or activity Safety/ Security Transportation
Designated Designated by by Federal orgranization Description of project or
activity Expenditure
Congress a Expenditure Congress a
Department o f J ustice 0 0 0 0
Bureau of Prisons Funded Project m anagement 0 0 0 0 Facilities/ Services
Athletes h ousing 0 0 0 0
Department o f E nergy 0 0 0 0
Load management, equipment 0 0 0 0 installed at athletes housing Tot al s
$23, 438 0 $15, 539 $4, 016
Housing/ Infrastructure support Venue construction Staging the event Total
Federal funds Designated by
Designated by Designated by
Designated by Expenditure Congress a Expenditure Congress a Expenditure
Congress a Expenditure Congress a
40,754 0 0 0 0 0 $40, 754 0
4, 379 0 00 0 04, 3790 36,375 0 0 0 0 0 36, 375 0
1, 383 0 00 0 01, 3830
1, 383 0 00 0 01, 3830
$59,643 $17,506 $67, 143 $60,893 $13, 475 $13,475 $179, 236 $95, 889
Note: 1980 dollars were converted to 2001 dollars by dividing 1980 dollars
by 0.5120, a conversion factor derived from chain- type price indexes for
gross domestic product. Totals may not add due to rounding.
a ?Designated by Congress? refers to funds that were specifically designated
for an Olympic- related purpose in appropriations acts or committee reports
accompanying those acts. Source: GAO analysis of data provided by officials
from OMB and the listed federal orgranizations.
Direct Federal Funding and Support for the Planned 2002 Winter Olympic and
Paralympic
Appendi x I II
Games at Salt Lake City, UT 2001 Dollars in thousands
Project or activity Safety/ Security Transportation
Designated Designated
Planned/ by
Planned/ by
Federal organization Description of project or activity Expenditure Congress
c Expenditure
Congress c Department of Agriculture $1,841 $1, 300 0 0
U. S. Forest Service Team, projects, and event 0 0 0 0 Security 1,300 1, 300
0 0 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Estimated security countermeasures
5410 0 0
Service for identified primary targeted facilities, including security
assessment, travel and per diem, physical security, salaries, and benefits
Department of Commerce 0 0 0 0
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Weather forecasting service 0 0 0 0
Administration Department of Defense 24,242 24, 242 0 0
Joint Task Force - Olympics (JTFO) Provide security 24, 242 24, 242 0 0
Department of Education Paralympics 00 0 0 Department of Energy 3, 733 0 0 0
Department of Health and
9, 910 0 0 0 Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Safety- and
security- related services2, 007 0 0 0
Prevention Food and Drug Administration Safety- and security- related
services 624 0 0 0 Office of Emergency PreparednessSafety- and security-
related services7, 279 0 0 0
Department of Housing and 00 0 0 Urban Development U. S. Department of HUD -
Utah Redevelopment of the Gateway 00 0 0
State Office District Housing infrastructure improvements 00 0 0 for the
Olympics and Paralympics Temporary housing necessary for the 00 0 0
2002 Olympics to be held in Salt Lake City Jefferson Street Apartments land
00 0 0 purchase
Housing/ Infrastructure support Venue construction Staging the event Total
federal funding ab Designated
Designated Designated
Designated Planned/
by Planned/
by Planned/
by Planned/
by Expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c Expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c 0 0 0 0 $7,841 0 $9, 682 $1, 300
0 0 0 0 7, 841 0 7, 841 0 0 0 00 0 01, 3001, 300 0 0 00 0 05410
0 0 0 0 214 $96 214 96
0 0 0 0 214 96 214 96
0 0 0 0 0 0 24, 242 24, 242
0 0 0 0 0 0 24, 242 24, 242
0 0 0 0 914 914 914 914 0 0 00 0 03, 7330 0 0 00 0 09, 9100
0 0 00 0 02, 0070 0 0 00 0 06240 0 0 00 0 07, 2790
$4,446 $4,000 0 0 0 0 4, 446 4, 000
925 1, 000 0 0 0 0 925 1, 000 925 1, 000 0 0 0 0 925 1, 000
1,996 2, 000 0 0 0 0 1, 996 2, 000 600 0 00 0 06000
2001 Dollars in thousands
Project or activity Safety/ Security Transportation
Designated Designated
Planned/ by
Planned/ by
Federal organization Description of project or activity Expenditure Congress
c Expenditure
Congress c Department of the Interior $1, 875 $1,807 0 0
National Park Service Olympic venue perimeter security 1, 300 1, 300 0 0
Olympic planning and coordination 0 0 0 0 Park units enhanced operations 0 0
0 0 Visitor information services 0 0 0 0 Bureau of Land Management Utah
State Office 0 0 0 0
National Law Enforcement Office. 312 312 0 0 This funding will be used to
cover expenses for a contingent of 25 BLM law enforcement officers working
at the 2002 Winter Olympics Bureau of Land Management
Visitor information: brochure reprint 00 0 0 Utah interpretive information,
public land
education, resource protection Media information: press kit, B- roll,
00 0 0 information DVD, photo CD, media center space
Wild Horse and Burro Information: 00 0 0 Olympic horse adoption, WH& B
information printing
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Security - operational and perimeter 195 195
0 0 security U. S. Geological Survey Revision of twenty- eight 7. 5- minute
00 0 0 maps Bureau of Reclamation - Upper
America's Public Lands exhibit at 00 0 0 Colorado Region visitor center and
staff development
time Staffing during event - February 2002 0 0 0 0 Site security, security
training, site
680 0 0 security upgrades, security liaison Department of Justice 48, 684
32,047 0 0
Law enforcement personnel aiding 4, 891 4, 891 0 0 Secret Service Community
Relations Service Assess and resolve racial tension 550 0 0 associated with
protest
Housing/ Infrastructure support Venue construction Staging the event Total
federal funding ab Designated
Designated Designated
Designated Planned/
by Planned/
by Planned/
by Planned/
by expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c Expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c 0 0 0 0 $2,684 0 $4, 559 $1, 807
0 0 00 0 01, 3001, 300 0 0 0 0 255 0 255 0 0 0 0 0 200 0 200 0 0 0 0 0 538 0
538 0 0 0 0 0 150 0 150 0 0 0 00 0 0312312
0 0 0 0 261 0 261 0 0 0 0070 0700 0 0 0030 0300 0 0 00 0 0195195 0 0 0 0 1,
100 0 1, 100 0 0 0700700 0 0 0010 0100 0 0 00 0 0680
0 0 0 0 0 0 48, 684 32, 047
0 0 00 0 04, 8914, 891 0 0 00 0 0550
2001 Dollars in thousands
Project or activity Safety/ Security Transportation
Designated Designated
Planned/ by
Planned/ by
Federal organization Description of project or activity Expenditure Congress
c Expenditure
Congress c
Federal Bureau of Investigation Training exercises, travel, vehicle $22, 790
$12,302 0 0 lease, utilities, etc. Immigration and Naturalization Security
preparations 2, 819 1,000 0 0
Service Office of Justice Programs Assist with implementing a master 6, 899
3, 854 0 0 safety plan Executive Office of U. S. Attorneys Salary and other
costs for staff
1, 056 00 0 assigned to Olympics INTERPOL Security and planning 18 0 0 0
Criminal Division Security 156 0 0 0 Office of Community Oriented
Grant to UCAN to upgrade security 10, 000 10,000 0 0 Policing and
communication Department of State 3, 075 0 0 0
Diplomatic security: Department of 1, 550 00 0
State will assist in providing protective security details to foreign
dignitaries below the Head of State level, as well as establishing a
diplomatic security
presence in Salt Lake City. Consular affairs: development of 1, 525 00 0 an
Olympic visa information database to facilitate processing Olympic
participants into the
country Education and cultural affairs: 0 0 00 grants for the Special
Olympics and Paralympic youth games
Department of Transportation 1, 761 0 $106,462 68, 846
Federal Highway Administration Snowbasin Trappers Loop Road 0 0 0 0 Utah
Winter Sports Park Road 0 0 0 0 Soldier Hollow Road - Project 1 0 0 0 0
Soldier Hollow Road - Project 2 0 0 0 0 Intelligent Transportation System 0
0 0 0
Housing/ Infrastructure support Venue construction Staging the event Total
federal funding ab Designated
Designated Designated
Designated Planned/
by Planned/
by Planned/
by Planned/
by expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c Expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c
0 0 0 0 0 0 $22, 790 $12, 302 0 0 00 0 02, 8191, 000 0 0 00 0 06, 8993, 854
0 0 00 0 01, 0560 0 0 00 0 0180 0 0 00 0 01560 0 0 0 0 0 0 10, 000 10, 000
0 0 0 0 2, 000 0 5, 075 0
0 0 00 0 01, 5500 0 0 00 0 01, 5250 0 0 0 0 2, 000 0 2, 000 0
0 0 25, 256 17, 205 0 0 133, 479 86, 051
0 0 15, 000 15, 618 0 0 15, 000 15, 618 0 04, 631 0 0 04, 6310 0 0483 0 0
04830 0 03, 555 0 0 03, 5550 0 0 1,587 1, 587 0 0 1,587 1,587
2001 Dollars in thousands
Project or activity Safety/ Security Transportation
Designated Designated
Planned/ by
Planned/ by
Federal organization Description of project or activity Expenditure Congress
c Expenditure
Congress c
Olympic Transportation Planning ($ 1.4 0 0 $8, 977 $8, 846 million of these
funds were used for two temporary park- and- ride lots)
Federal Aviation Administration Temporary RTRs: communications 0 0615 0
facilities in venue areas east of mountains
Aviation Security Operations Center - $335 0 0 0 (joint operations with
UOPSC, Customs, USSS)
Provo ASR - temporary radar 0 0 1,393 0 Automation upgrades at Salt Lake 0
0830 TRACON Telecommunications support additional
0 0315 0 circuits required Temporary air traffic control towers at 0 0408 0
outlying airports Physical security upgrades to FAA 798 0 0 0 facilities
ALSF 2 - Salt Lake Int'l Airport
0 02, 800 0 approach lighting system Olympic Aviation System Plan; grant to
0 0200 0
Wasatch Front Regional Council for development of Olympic Planning Study
(airports) Olympic program management to
0 01, 183 0 include Olympics Program Manager Air Traffic headquarters:
advanced 0 0339 0
lodging costs Air Traffic - Northwest Mountain Region 0 0 577 0 Airway
facilities 0 0 1, 441 0
Housing/ Infrastructure support Venue construction Staging the event Total
federal funding ab Designated
Designated Designated
Designated Planned/
by Planned/
by Planned/
by Planned/
by expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c Expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c
0 0 0 0 0 0 $8, 977 $8, 846 0 0 00 0 06150 0 0 00 0 03350 0 0 00 0 01, 3930
0 0 00 0 0830
0 0 00 0 03150 0 0 00 0 04080 0 0 00 0 07980 0 0 00 0 02, 8000 0 0 00 0
02000
0 0 00 0 01, 1830 0 0 00 0 03390 0 0 00 0 05770 0 0 00 0 01, 4410
2001 Dollars in thousands
Project or activity Safety/ Security Transportation
Designated Designated
Planned/ by
Planned/ by
Federal organization Description of project or activity Expenditure Congress
c Expenditure
Congress c
Flight Standards 0 0 $626 0 Logistics 0 0 50 0 Aviation systems and
standards 0 0890 (flight procedures) Airports 0 0 19 0
Security $204 0 0 0 Federal Transit Administration Establish Olympic
Transportation 0 0259 0
Working Group (OTWG) and complete several Venue Transportation Integration
Plans
(VTRIPS) Eligible net operating costs for the 0 0 48, 490 $60, 000 spectator
transportation system; construct Mtn. Green park- and- ride lot, Cornina Dr.
park- and- ride lot, Soldier Hollow park- and- ride lot, Utah Olympic Oval
park- and- ride lot, Olympic Park park- and- ride lot, (supplemental to UT-
03- 0039 & UT030-
0040); the lease of radio FTA Section 5307 Formula funds for
0 0 15, 287 highway- related Olympic Planning, Included in the Capital, and
Operating projects.
$60 million Transfer of FY 2001 Section 5307
shown above formula funds to the FHWA Surface Transportation Program
Construct additional storage tracks at 0 0 1,100 0
Light Rail Vehicle Storage Facility and purchase/ install automatic electric
switch on the North/ South LRT Line at 100 S. Main Street. Construct Silver
Creek Jct. park- and-
0 0 9,811 0 ride; purchase venue load and unload equipment; and construct
Silver Creek Jct. bus garage (supplemented by UT- 0- 0039)
Housing/ Infrastructure support Venue construction Staging the event Total
federal funding ab Designated
Designated Designated
Designated Planned/
by Planned/
by Planned/
by Planned/
by expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c Expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c
0 0 00 0 0$ 6260 0 0 00 0 0500 0 0 00 0 0890
0 0 00 0 0190 0 0 00 0 02040 0 0 00 0 02590
0 0 0 0 0 0 48, 490 60, 000 0 0 00 0 015, 2870 0 0 00 0 01, 1000 0 0 00 0
09, 8110
2001 Dollars in thousands
Project or activity Safety/ Security Transportation
Designated Designated
Planned/ by
Planned/ by
Federal organization Description of project or activity Expenditure Congress
c Expenditure
Congress c
Construct busway at Snowbasin, bus 0 0$ 5, 5330 garage at Silver Creek Jct.,
and Olympic Park park- and- ride lot (supplemental to UT- 03- 0040)
Expand five park- and- ride lots in the 0 06, 868 0 Salt Lake City area and
expand the bus storage area at three Utah Transit Authority bus garages
Federal Railroad Administration Monitoring of railroad operations for 379 0
0 0 safety Research and Special Programs Safety- and security- related
services28 0 0 0
Administration Security related for Pipe Line 17 0 0 0 Transportation System
Department of the Treasury $78, 035 $51,958 0 0
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Safety- and security- related 10, 523 10,523 0 0
and Firearms services U. S. Secret Service 27, 287 19,530 0 0
U. S. Customs Service 15, 470 13,813 0 0 Customs Air Interdiction 5, 531
4,931 0 0 FinCEN 146 58 0 0 Internal Revenue Service 2, 729 2,729 0 0
Treasury Office of Enforcement 60 40 0 0 Treasury Inspector General for
334 334 0 0 Tax Administration Wireless programSafety- and security- related
services15, 955 0 0 0
Department of Veterans Affairs VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System 2, 909 0
0 0
- 2002 Winter Olympics security activities
Environmental Protection Agency 423 0 0 0
Venue- related sewer construction 0 0 0 0 Planning and increased services 0
0 0 0 Safety- and security- related services423 0 0 0
Housing/ Infrastructure support Venue construction Staging the event Total
federal funding ab Designated
Designated Designated
Designated Planned/
by Planned/
by Planned/
by Planned/
by Expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c Expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c
0 0 00 0 0$ 5, 5330 0 0 00 0 06, 8680 0 0 00 0 03790 0 0 00 0 0280 0 0 00 0
0170
0 0 0 0 0 0 78, 035 $51, 958
0 0 0 0 0 0 10, 523 10, 523 0 0 0 0 0 0 27, 287 19, 530 0 0 0 0 0 0 15, 470
13, 813 0 0 00 0 05, 5314, 931 0 0 00 0 014658 0 0 00 0 02, 7292, 729 0 0 00
0 06040 0 0 00 0 0334334
0 0 00 0 015, 9550
0 0 00 0 02, 9090 0 0 $2, 174 $2, 174 $494 0 3, 091 2, 174
0 0 2,174 2, 174 0 0 2,174 2,174 0 0 0 0 494 0 494 0 0 0 00 0 4230
2001 Dollars in thousands
Project or activity Safety/ Security Transportation
Designated Designated
Planned/ by
Planned/ by
Federal organization Description of project or activity expenditure Congress
c expenditure
Congress c Federal Communciations
$73 0 00 Commission Security: establish on- site
73 0 00 capability to detect and locate sources of radio transmissions
interfering with law enforcement
and emergency operations Operations: establish on- site
0 00 0 capability to detect and locate sources of radio transmissions
interfering with Olympic operations
Federal Emergency
Safety- and security- related 6, 375 0 00 Management Agency services General
Services Administration 1, 594 0 0 0
Doping Control Program FY 2002 0 00 0 Winter Olympics Heightened security
around GSA
959 0 00 Facilities FY 2002 Winter Olympics Heightened security around GSA
635 0 00 facilities FY 2002 Paralympics U. S. Postal Service Increased
postal services 0 00 0
Tot al s $184, 530 $111,354 $106,462 $68, 846
Housing/ Infrastructure support Venue construction Staging the event Total
federal funding ab Designated
Designated Designated
Designated Planned/
by Planned/
by Planned/
by Planned/
by expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c Expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c 0 0 0 0 $73 0 $146 0
0 0 00 0 0730 0 0 0073 0730
0 0 00 0 06, 3750 0 0 0 0 3, 300 3,300 4, 894 $3, 300
0 0 0 0 3, 300 3,300 3, 300 3, 300 0 0 00 0 09590 0 0 00 0 06350
0 0 0 0 1, 977 0 1, 977 0 $4,446 $4,000 $27, 430 $19,379 $19, 497 $4,310
$342, 365 $207, 890
a Personnel costs are generally not included in these amounts. b Totals may
not add due to rounding. c "Designated by Congress" refers to funds that
were specifically designated for an Olympic- related purpose in
appropriations acts or committee reports accompanying those acts. Source:
GAO analysis of data provided by officials from OMB and the listed federal
orgranizations.
Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the 1984 Summer
Appendi x V I Olympic Games in Los Angeles, CA 2001 Dollars in thousands
Project or activity Safety/ Security Transportation Designated
Designated by
by Federal organization Description of project or activity Expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c
Department of Agriculture 0 0 0 0
Animal and Plant Health Equestrian event: quarantine horses and 0 00 0
Inspection Service increase agency services Department of Commerce 0 0 0 0
Economic Development Increased agency services 0 0 0 0 Administration
National Oceanic and
Weather forecasting services for Olympic 0 00 0 Atmospheric Administration
events Department of Defense d Safety and security personnel,
$48,751 $76, 170 0 0
equipment, and services Department of Health and
Safety- and security- related services 323 00 0 Human Services Department of
Justice Increased agency services 10, 338 0 0 0
Drug Enforcement Safety- and security- related services 432 0 0 0
Administration Federal Bureau of Investigation Safety- and security- related
services 7, 866 0 0 0
Immigration and Naturalization Safety- and security- related services and 2,
032 00 0 Service increased agency services Interpol Safety- and security-
related services 7 0 0 0
Department of State Increased agency services 2, 991 00 0 Department of
Transportation 4,126 0 0 0
U. S. Coast Guard Safety- and security- related services 2,819 0 0 0 Federal
Aviation Administration Safety- and security- related services and 1, 307 00
0
increased agency services Department of the Treasury 7,601 0 0 0
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Safety- and security- related services 2,864
0 0 0 Firearms U. S. Secret Service Safety- and security- related services
2, 470 0 0 0
U. S. Customs Service Safety- and security- related services 2, 267 0 0 0
Department of Veterans Affairs Not available 0 00 0 Federal Communications
Communications systems improvements 0 00 0 Commission U. S. Information
Agency 0 0 0 0
Increased agency services 0 0 0 0
Tot al s a, b $74,129 $76, 170 0 0
Housing/ Infrastructure support Venue construction Staging the event Total
federal funds a, b Designated by
Designated by Designated by
Designated by Expenditure Congress c Expenditure Congress c Expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c
0 0 00$ 244 0$ 2440
0 0 0 0 244 0 244 0
0 0 0 0 399 0 399 0
0 0 0 0 152 0 152 0 0 0 0 0 246 0 246 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 48, 751 $76, 170 0 0 00 0 03230 0 0 00 0 010, 3380
0 0 00 0 04320 0 0 00 0 07, 8660 0 0 00 0 02, 0320
0 0 00 0 0 70
0 0 00 0 02, 9910 0 0 00 0 04, 1260
0 0 00 0 02, 8190 0 0 00 0 01, 3070
0 0 00 0 07, 6010
0 0 00 0 02, 8640 0 0 00 0 02, 4700 0 0 00 0 02, 2670
0 0 0 0 597 0 597 0 0 0 0 0 276 0 276 0
0 0 0 0 2, 282 0 2, 282 0
0 0 0 0 2, 282 0 2, 282 0
0 0 0 0 $3,797 0 $77, 927 $76, 170
Note: 1984 dollars were converted to 1999 dollars for our prior report (GAO/
GGD- 00- 183) by dividing 1984 dollars by 0.6852. The 1999 dollars were
converted to 2001 dollars by dividing 1999 dollars by 0.958, conversion
factors derived from chain- type price indexes for gross domestic product.
Totals do not add due to rounding.
a Personnel costs are generally not included in these amounts, with the
exception of the Department of Justice figures. b Totals do not include
about $53 million received by the Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee
from the U. S. Mint as a result of the sale of Olympic Commemorative Coins.
c "Designated by Congress" refers to funds that were specifically designated
for an Olympic- related purpose in appropriations acts or committee reports
accompanying those acts. d Congress appropriated $76,170,000, and DOD spent
$48,750.000. The unused funding authority
was returned to the U. S. Treasury. Source: GAO analysis of data provided by
officials from OMB and the listed federal organizations.
Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the 1996 Summer
Appendi x V
Olympic and Paralympic Games 2001 Dollars in thousands
Project or activity Safety/ Security Transportation Designate
Designate d by
d by Federal organization Description of project or activity Expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c
Department of Agriculture $1,501 0 0 0
Animal and Plant Health Equestrian event; quarantine horses 0 0 00
Inspection Service and increase agency services Natural Resources
Conservation Plant flowers and grasses at Olympic 0 0 00
Service venues and city parks U. S. Forest Service Whitewater Olympic venue
0 0 00 construction Safety- and security- related services 1,501 0 0 0
Department of Commerce 0 0 $109 0
Economic Development Olympic stadium sewer construction 0 0 0 0
Administration Fund foreign visitors? trips to the 0 0 109 0
United States for Paralympic events Retrofit gym for Paralympic events 0 0 0
0 Economic studies, business
0 0 00 promotions for Olympic games National Oceanic and
Weather forecasting services for 0 0 00 Atmospheric Administration Olympic
events Department of Defense d 37, 932 $37,902 0 0
Office of Special Events Safety- and security- related services 20, 258 20,
258 0 0 U. S. Army Forces Command Safety- and security- related services 17,
644 17, 644 0 0 Corps of Engineers Temporary rangers 30 0 0 0
Department of Education Paralympic Organizing Committee: 0 0 00
Administration and staffing costs 0 0 0 0 Opening and closing ceremonies 0 0
0 0 Related conference costs 0 0 0 0
Housing/ Infrastructure support Venue construction Staging the event Total
federal funding a, b Designated
by Designated
Designated Designated Expenditure
Congress c Expenditure by Congress c Expenditure by Congress c Expenditure
by Congress c 0 0 $18,008 $6, 526 $877 0 $20,386 $6, 526
00 0 0531 05310 00 0 0346 03460 0 0 18,008 6, 526 0 0 18,008 6, 526 00 0 00
01, 5010
0 0 1,303 0 3,116 0 4,527 0
0 0 1,303 0 0 0 1,303 0 00 0 00 01090 00 0 0514 05140 0 0 0 0 1,457 0 1,457
0
0 0 0 0 1,145 0 1,145 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 37,932 37, 902
0 0 0 0 0 0 20,258 20, 258 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,644 17, 644 00 0 00 0300
0 0 0 0 7,744 0 7,744 0
0 0 0 0 6,383 0 6,383 0 0 0 0 0 1,307 0 1,307 0 00 0 0540540
2001 Dollars in thousands
Project or activity Safety/ Security Transportation Designated
Designated by
by Federal organization Description of project or activity Expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c
Department of Energy $1, 243 0 0 0
Swimming pool heating and solar 0 0 0 0 panel installation for Olympic
swimming events
Safety- and security- related 1,243 0 0 0 services Department of Health and
5,334 0 0 0 Human Services Food and Drug Administration Public health
safety- and security-
268 0 0 0 related services Centers for Disease Control Public health safety-
and security-
201 0 0 0 related services Environmental Health Public health safety- and
security-
797 0 0 0 related services Office of Emergency Public health safety- and
security-
4,067 0 0 0 Preparedness related services Social Security Administration
Paralympic ceremonies and events
0 0 0 0
videotaping Department of Housing and 0 0 0 0 Urban Development Pass-
through grant for Department 0 0 0 0
of Veterans Affairs for Paralympic events
Department of the Interior 719 0 0 0
National Park Service Safety- and security- related services 719 0 0 0
Increased park services 0 0 0 0
Department of Justice 23,433 $4,357 0 0
Community Relations Service Mitigation of racial conflicts 31 0 0 0 Drug
Enforcement Administration 300 agents for safety- and security 2,817 0 0 0
related services Federal Bureau of Investigation 1, 200 staff for safety-
and security 12, 032 0 0 0 related services
Housing/ Infrastructure support Venue construction Staging the event Total
federal funding a, b Designated
by Designated
Designated Designated Expenditure
Congress c Expenditure by Congress c Expenditure by Congress c Expenditure
by Congress c 0 0 $3,648 0 0 0 $4, 891 0
0 0 3,648 0 0 0 3, 648 0 00 0 00 01, 2430
00 0 00 05, 3340
00 0 00 02680 00 0 00 02010 00 0 00 07970 00 0 00 04, 0670
0 0 0 0 $1, 634 $1, 634 1,634 $1, 634 2, 1780 0 00 02, 1780
2, 1780 0 00 02, 1780
00 0 0911 01, 6300
00 0 00 07190 00 0 0911 09110
0 0 0 0 0 0 23, 433 4, 357
00 0 00 0310 00 0 00 02, 8170
00 0 00 012, 0320
2001 Dollars in thousands
Project or activity Safety/ Security Transportation Designated
Designated by by Federal organization Description of project or activity
Expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c
Immigration and Naturalization 130 additional staff to assist with $1, 602 0
0 0 Service processing international passengers Civil Rights Division
Americans With Disabilities Act 160 0 0 0
Office of Justice Programs Overtime costs for Atlanta police 4, 357 $4, 357
0 0 Safety- and security study 1, 415 0 0 0 Executive Office, U. S.
Attorneys Added equipment and four 626 0 0 0
attorneys U. S. Marshals Service 150 Marshals for safety- and 391 0 0 0
security- related services Department of Labor 0 0 0 0
Training and employment grants for 0 0 0 0 Olympic venue construction
Training for volunteers at Paralympic 0 0 0 0
events Department of State Increased agency services 1, 090 0 0 0 Department
of Transportation 2, 971 0 $20,809 $17, 426
Federal Highway Administration Road signs to Olympic venues 0 0 1, 695 0
Federal Transit Administration Olympic Transportation System 0 0 17,426 17,
426 Federal Aviation Administration Temporary facilities and increased
0 0 1, 6880 services Federal Railroad Administration Safety- and security-
related services 41 0 0 0
U. S. Coast Guard Safety- and security- related services 2, 930 0 0 0
Department of the Treasury 7, 392 5,966 0 0
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Safety- and security- related services 2, 586
2,396 0 0 Firearms Internal Revenue Service 100 Agents for safety and
security 242 0 0 0
related services U. S. Secret Service Safety- and security- related services
3, 704 3,570 0 0 U. S. Customs Service 150 Inspectors for increased
861 0 0 0 services Department of Veterans Affairs 1, 688 0 0 0
Safety- and security- related services 1, 688 0 0 0
Housing/ Infrastructure support Venue construction Staging the event Total
federal funding a, b Designated
by Designated
Designated Designated Expenditure
Congress c Expenditure by Congress c Expenditure by Congress c Expenditure
by Congress c
00 0 00 0$ 1, 6020 00 0 00 0160 0 00 0 00 04, 357$ 4, 357 00 0 00 01, 415 0
00 0 00 0626 0
00 0 00 0391 0
0 0 $446 0 $2,723 $2, 723 3,169 2, 723
00446 00 0446 0 0 0 0 0 2,723 2, 723 2, 723 2,723
00 0 00 01, 090 0 00 0 00 023, 78017, 426
00 0 00 01, 695 0 00 0 00 017, 42617, 426 00 0 00 01, 688 0
00 0 00 0410 00 0 00 02, 930 0
00 0 00 07, 3925, 966
00 0 00 02, 5862, 396 00 0 00 0242 0 00 0 00 03, 7043, 570 00 0 00 0861 0
0 0 0 0 103 0 1, 791 0
00 0 00 01, 688 0
2001 Dollars in thousands
Project or activity Safety/ Security Transportation Designated
Designated by
by Federal organization Description of project or activity Expenditure
Congress c Expenditure Congress c
Donated excess supplies for 0 0 0 0 Paralympics Corporation for National and
Safety- and security- related services $3, 267 0 0 0 Community Services for
Paralymic events Environmental Protection 751 0 0 0
Agency Olympic stadium- related sewer 0 0 0 0 construction Olympic venue
bike path
0 0 0 0 construction Paralympics: loan of EPA
0 0 0 0 employees Safety- and security- related services 751 0 0 0
Increased agency services 0 0 0 0
Federal Communications
Communications systems
0 0 0 0 Commission improvements Federal Emergency
Safety- and security- related services 12, 111 0 0 0 Management Agency
Federal Executive Board Salary for safety- and security- 1, 901 0 0 0
related services (federal employees) General Services Paralympic Organizing
Committee
0 0 0 0 Administration administrative and staffing costs Tennessee Valley
Authority Whitewater rapids event venue 0 0 0 0
construction and water releases U. S. Information Agency Olympic information
programs 0 0 0 0 U. S. Postal Service 0 0 0 0
Increased postal services 0 0 0 0
Totals a, b $101, 333 $48,224 $20,918 $17, 426
Housing/ Infrastructure support Venue construction Staging the event Total
federal funding a, b Designated by Designated Designated
Designated Expenditure
Congress c Expenditure by Congress c Expenditure by Congress c Expenditure
by Congress c
0 0 0 0 $103 0 $103 0
00 0 00 03, 2670 0 0 $7,404 $7, 624 415 0 8, 570 $7, 624
0 0 7,077 7, 624 0 0 7, 077 7, 624 00327 00 03270 00 0 0168 01680 00 0 00
07510 00 0 0247 02470
00 0 0410410 00 0 00 012, 1110 00 0 00 01, 9010 0 0 0 0 2,177 $2,178 2, 177
2, 178 0 0 5,342 0 0 0 5, 342 0 0 0 0 0 7,882 0 7, 882 0 0 0 0 0 4,481 0 4,
481 0
0 0 0 0 4,481 0 4, 481 0
$2, 178 0 $36,151 $14, 150 $32,105 $6,535 $192, 686 $86, 336
Note: 1996 dollars were converted to 1999 dollars for our prior report (GAO/
GGD- 00- 183) by dividing 1996 dollars by 0.9584. The 1999 dollars were
converted to 2001 dollars by dividing 1999 dollars by 0.9580- conversion
factors derived from chain- type price indexes for gross domestic product.
Totals may not add due to rounding. a Personnel costs are generally not
included in these amounts, with the exception of the U. S. Forest Service
figure.
b Totals do not include about $28 million received by ACOG from the U. S.
Mint as a result of the sale of Olympic Commemorative Coins. c "Designated
by Congress" refers to funds that were specifically designated for an
Olympic- related purpose in appropriations acts or committee reports
accompanying those acts. Source: GAO analysis of data provided by officials
from OMB and the listed federal organizations.
Comments From the Salt Lake Organizing
Appendi x VI Committee
(543009) Lett er
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a
GAO United States General Accounting Office
Page i GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Contents
Contents
Page ii GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Page 1 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games United States General Accounting Office
Washington, D. C. 20548 Page 1 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
A
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Page 20 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix I
Appendix I Objectives, Scope, and Methodology
Page 21 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix I Objectives, Scope, and Methodology
Page 22 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Page 23 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Page 24 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix II
Appendix II Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the
1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid, NY
Page 25 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix II Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the
1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid, NY
Page 26 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix II Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the
1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid, NY
Page 27 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Page 28 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix III
Appendix III Direct Federal Funding and Support for the Planned 2002 Winter
Olympic and Paralympic
Games at Salt Lake City, UT Page 29 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix III Direct Federal Funding and Support for the Planned 2002 Winter
Olympic and Paralympic
Games at Salt Lake City, UT Page 30 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix III Direct Federal Funding and Support for the Planned 2002 Winter
Olympic and Paralympic
Games at Salt Lake City, UT Page 31 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix III Direct Federal Funding and Support for the Planned 2002 Winter
Olympic and Paralympic
Games at Salt Lake City, UT Page 32 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix III Direct Federal Funding and Support for the Planned 2002 Winter
Olympic and Paralympic
Games at Salt Lake City, UT Page 33 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix III Direct Federal Funding and Support for the Planned 2002 Winter
Olympic and Paralympic
Games at Salt Lake City, UT Page 34 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix III Direct Federal Funding and Support for the Planned 2002 Winter
Olympic and Paralympic
Games at Salt Lake City, UT Page 35 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix III Direct Federal Funding and Support for the Planned 2002 Winter
Olympic and Paralympic
Games at Salt Lake City, UT Page 36 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix III Direct Federal Funding and Support for the Planned 2002 Winter
Olympic and Paralympic
Games at Salt Lake City, UT Page 37 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix III Direct Federal Funding and Support for the Planned 2002 Winter
Olympic and Paralympic
Games at Salt Lake City, UT Page 38 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix III Direct Federal Funding and Support for the Planned 2002 Winter
Olympic and Paralympic
Games at Salt Lake City, UT Page 39 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix III Direct Federal Funding and Support for the Planned 2002 Winter
Olympic and Paralympic
Games at Salt Lake City, UT Page 40 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix III Direct Federal Funding and Support for the Planned 2002 Winter
Olympic and Paralympic
Games at Salt Lake City, UT Page 41 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Page 42 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix IV
Appendix IV Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the
1984 Summer
Olympic Games in Los Angeles, CA Page 43 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix IV Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the
1984 Summer
Olympic Games in Los Angeles, CA Page 44 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Page 45 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Page 46 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix V
Appendix V Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the
1996 Summer
Olympic and Paralympic Games Page 47 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix V Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the
1996 Summer
Olympic and Paralympic Games Page 48 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix V Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the
1996 Summer
Olympic and Paralympic Games Page 49 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix V Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the
1996 Summer
Olympic and Paralympic Games Page 50 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix V Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the
1996 Summer
Olympic and Paralympic Games Page 51 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix V Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the
1996 Summer
Olympic and Paralympic Games Page 52 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix V Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the
1996 Summer
Olympic and Paralympic Games Page 53 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Page 54 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
Appendix VI
Appendix VI Comments From the Salt Lake Organizing Committee
Page 55 GAO- 02- 140 Olympic Games
United States General Accounting Office Washington, D. C. 20548- 0001
Official Business Penalty for Private Use $300
Address Correction Requested Presorted Standard
Postage & Fees Paid GAO Permit No. GI00
*** End of document. ***