-------------------------Indexing Terms------------------------- 
REPORTNUM:   GAO-02-1021		

TITLE:     COMBATING TERRORISM: Department of State Programs to Combat
Terrorism Abroad

DATE:   09/06/2002 
				                                                                         
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GAO-02-1021

                                       A

   Report to Congressional Requesters

   September 2002 COMBATING TERRORISM Department of State Programs to Combat
   Terrorism Abroad

   GAO- 02- 1021

   Letter 1 Results in Brief 3 Background 5 Programs and Activities to
   Prevent Terrorism Abroad 6 Programs and Activities to Disrupt and Destroy
   Terrorist Organizations Abroad 9

   Programs and Activities to Respond to Terrorist Incidents Abroad 11
   Activities to Coordinate U. S. Efforts to Combat Terrorism

   Abroad 13 Agency Comments 13

   Appendixes

   Appendix I: Department of State Organizational Chart 15

   Appendix II: Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat Terrori
   sm Abroad 16

   Appendix III: Comments from the Department of State 29

   Appendix IV: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 31 GAO Contact 31
   Acknowledgments 31

   Tables Table 1: State Department Funding to Combat Terrorism Abroad 5
   Table 2: State Department Programs and Activities to Combat Terrorism
   Abroad 17

   Figures Figure 1: Damage from al Qaeda Terrorist Attack, U. S. Embassy,
   Dar- es- Salaam, Tanzania, August 1998 2 Figure 2: Bureau of Diplomatic
   Security Training for Local

   Guards 7 Figure 3: New Security Fence, Gate, and Vehicle Barrier at a U.
   S.

   Embassy 8 Figure 4: Response to al Qaeda Terrorist Attack, U. S. Embassy,
   Nairobi, Kenya, August 1998 11

   Abbreviations

   ATA Antiterrorism Assistance Program CA Bureau of Consular Affairs CIA
   Central Intelligence Agency DOD Department of Defense DS Bureau of
   Diplomatic Security EAC Emergency Action Committee EAP Emergency Action
   Plan FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation FEST Foreign Emergency Support
   Team IIP Office of International Information Programs ILEA International
   Law Enforcement Academy INL Bureau for International Narcotics and Law
   Enforcement Affairs INR Bureau of Intelligence and Research

   IO Bureau of International Organization Affairs L Office of the Legal
   Advisor NSC National Security Council OBO Bureau of Overseas Buildings
   Operations OFDA Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance OSAC Overseas
   Security Advisory Council PM Bureau of Political- Military Affairs RSO
   Regional Security Officer S/ CT Office of the Coordinator for
   Counterterrorism USAID U. S. Agency for International Development

   Lett er

   September 6, 2002 The Honorable Christopher Shays Chairman Subcommittee on
   National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations Committee
   on Government Reform U. S. House of Representatives

   The Honorable Henry J. Hyde Chairman Committee on International Relations
   U. S. House of Representatives

   The Honorable Tom Lantos Ranking Member Committee on International
   Relations U. S. House of Representatives

   Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, efforts to combat
   terrorism have become an increasingly important part of U. S. government
   activities. Such efforts have also become more important in U. S.
   relations with other countries and with international organizations, such
   as the United Nations (U. N.). The U. S. Department of State is charged
   with coordinating these international efforts and protecting Americans
   abroad; its objective is to reduce the number of terrorist attacks,
   especially those on U. S. citizens and interests. While countering
   terrorism has always been a part of State*s role, it took on heightened
   significance in the aftermath of the 1998 al Qaeda terrorist attacks on
   the U. S. embassies in Tanzania and Kenya (see fig. 1). Since the
   September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City and the
   Pentagon in Washington, D. C., State has helped direct the U. S. efforts
   to combat terrorism abroad by building the

   global coalition against terrorism, including providing diplomatic support
   for military operations in Afghanistan and other countries. State has also
   supported international law enforcement efforts to identify, arrest, and

   bring terrorists to justice, as well as performing other activities
   intended to reduce the number of terrorist attacks.

   Figure 1: Damage from al Qaeda Terrorist Attack, U. S. Embassy, Dar- es-
   Salaam, Tanzania, August 1998

   Source: Department of State.

   This report is intended to assist your committees in overseeing the State
   Department*s leadership of U. S. programs to combat terrorism abroad.
   Specifically, this report identifies the State Department*s programs and
   activities intended to (1) prevent terrorist attacks, (2) disrupt and
   destroy terrorist organizations, (3) respond to terrorist incidents, and
   (4) coordinate efforts to combat terrorism. Footnotes to this report
   identify programs and activities managed by the U. S. Agency for
   International

   Development that complement the State Department*s efforts to combat
   terrorism abroad. This report is part of a larger effort that you jointly
   requested to review governmentwide programs to combat terrorism overseas.
   Regarding some of these programs, it is important to recognize that the
   State Department works in conjunction with a number of other federal
   agencies, including the Departments of Defense, Justice, and the Treasury,
   as well as the Central Intelligence Agency. As agreed with your staff, we
   plan to report later this year on governmentwide efforts to combat
   terrorism overseas.

   State*s organizational chart appears in appendix I to this report.
   Detailed information on the State Department*s programs and activities
   appears in appendix II. This information includes State*s framework for
   combating

   terrorism abroad, programs and activities for combating terrorism abroad,
   and responsible bureaus and offices.

   We identified the State Department*s programs and activities for combating
   terrorism by reviewing State documents, such as Congressional Presentation
   Document, FY 2003 and Patterns of Global Terrorism, 1 and

   by conducting interviews with State officials. To identify programs and
   activities provided by other departments and coordinated through State, we
   reviewed documents and interviewed officials from the Departments of
   Defense, Justice, and the Treasury; the Federal Bureau of Investigation
   (FBI) and other law enforcement agencies; and the U. S. Agency for
   International Development (USAID). In addition, we conducted fieldwork

   at the U. S. Embassy in Athens, Greece, to observe programs and activities
   to combat terrorism overseas. At selected regional and functional military
   commands, we met with State Department Political Advisors at the U. S.

   Central Command at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida; the U. S. Southern
   Command in Miami, Florida; and the U. S. European Command in Stuttgart-
   Vaihingen, Germany. In addition, we conducted fieldwork at the
   International Law Enforcement Academy in Budapest, Hungary, to review
   programs to combat terrorism that the State Department manages or funds or
   both. We did not evaluate the effectiveness of these programs. We
   conducted our review from February 2002 through July 2002 in accordance
   with generally accepted government auditing standards.

   Results in Brief The State Department conducts multifaceted activities in
   its effort to prevent terrorist attacks on Americans abroad. For example,
   to protect U. S. officials, property, and information abroad, State
   operates programs that include local guards for U. S. missions, armored
   vehicles for embassy personnel, U. S. Marine security guards to protect
   sensitive information, and plans to evacuate Americans in emergencies. For
   Americans traveling and living abroad, State issues public travel warnings
   and operates warning systems to convey terrorism- related information. For
   U. S. businesses and universities operating overseas, State uses the
   Overseas Security Advisory Councils* voluntary partnerships between the
   State Department and the 1 U. S. Department of State, Congressional
   Presentation Document, FY 2003 (Washington, D. C.: 2002); Patterns of
   Global Terrorism (Washington, D. C.: May 2002).

   U. S. private sector* to exchange threat information. To improve the
   ability of foreign governments to combat terrorism, State funds several
   training programs that operate both in the United States and overseas.

   To disrupt and destroy terrorist organizations abroad, State has numerous
   programs and activities that rely on military, multilateral, economic, law
   enforcement, intelligence, and other capabilities. For example, State*s
   program to enhance military cooperation has resulted in 136 countries*
   offering a range of military assistance for Operation Enduring Freedom in
   Afghanistan. 2 State has supported efforts, through international
   organizations like the United Nations, for the global implementation of
   resolutions and treaties aimed at reducing terrorism. In addition, State
   uses extradition treaties to bring terrorists to trial in the United
   States and

   cooperates with foreign intelligence, security, and law enforcement
   entities to track and capture terrorists in foreign countries. If the
   United States has no extradition agreements with a country, then State,
   with the Department of Justice, can work to obtain the arrest of suspected
   terrorists overseas through renditions. It also provides rewards for
   information leading to the arrest and prosecution of designated terrorists
   or the thwarting of terrorist

   attacks. The State Department leads the U. S. response to terrorist
   incidents abroad. This includes diplomatic measures to protect Americans,
   minimize damage, terminate terrorist attacks, and bring terrorists to
   justice. Once an

   attack has occurred, State*s activities include measures to alleviate
   damage, protect public health, and provide emergency assistance. State
   also coordinates interagency exercises for combating terrorism abroad. In
   addition, State helps foreign governments prepare to respond to an attack

   by conducting multinational training exercises. (A comprehensive
   presentation of the State Department*s programs and activities appears in
   appendix II.)

   To coordinate the U. S. effort to combat terrorism internationally, State
   uses a variety of mechanisms to work with the Departments of Defense,
   Justice, and the Treasury; the intelligence agencies; the Federal Bureau
   of Investigation; and others. These mechanisms include interagency working

   groups at the headquarters level in Washington, D. C.; emergency action 2
   Operation Enduring Freedom is the military campaign that began on October
   7, 2001, against al Qaeda and Taliban forces in Afghanistan and elsewhere.

   committees at U. S. missions overseas; and liaison exchanges with other
   government agencies.

   Background According to the State Department*s 2002 Annual Performance
   Plan, the department*s counterterrorism goals are to reduce the number of
   terrorist

   attacks, bring terrorists to justice, reduce or eliminate state- sponsored
   terrorist acts, delegitimize the use of terror as a political tool,
   enhance the U. S. response to terrorism overseas, and strengthen
   international

   cooperation and operational capabilities to combat terrorism. The
   Secretary of State is responsible for coordinating all U. S. civilian
   departments and agencies that provide counterterrorism assistance
   overseas. The Secretary also is responsible for managing all U. S.
   bilateral and multilateral relationships intended to combat terrorism
   abroad.

   State requested over $2. 3 billion to combat terrorism in fiscal year
   2003. This includes more than $1 billion for overseas embassy security and
   construction, as well as for counterterrorism assistance and training to
   countries cooperating with the global coalition against terrorism. Table 1

   provides a breakdown of State*s funding to combat terrorism.

   Table 1: State Department Funding to Combat Terrorism Abroad

   Dollars in millions

   Fiscal year 2001 Fiscal year 2002

   Emergency Fiscal year 2003 (actual) (enacted) Relief Fund President*s
   budget

   Bureau of Administration $50 $37 $0 $123 Bureau of Overseas 1,035 1, 159
   105 1, 286 Buildings Operations Bureau of Consular

   409 465 0 643 Affairs Bureau of Diplomatic 105 115 48 228

   Security Office of the Coordinator 35 41 50 69 for Counterterrorism Total
   $1,634 $1, 817 $203 $2,349

   Sources: Office of Management and Budget and the Department of State
   (Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism).

   By contrast, State spent about $1. 6 billion in fiscal year 2001 and
   received about $1.8 billion to combat terrorism in fiscal year 2002. State
   received an additional $203 million through the Emergency Response Fund as
   part of the $40 billion appropriated by the Congress in response to the
   September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks against the United States.

   The Office of Management and Budget reported that determining precise
   funding levels associated with activities to combat terrorism is difficult
   because departments may not isolate those activities from other program
   activities. Some activities serve multiple purposes* for example, upgrades
   to embassy security help protect against terrorism as well as other
   crimes.

   Programs and The State Department conducts multifaceted activities in an
   effort to Activities to Prevent

   prevent terrorist attacks on Americans abroad. For example, to protect U.
   S. officials, property, and information abroad, the Bureau of Diplomatic
   Terrorism Abroad Security provides local guards for embassies and armored
   vehicles for embassy personnel (see fig. 2). In addition, it provides
   undercover teams to detect terrorist surveillance activities. Following
   the 1998 embassy bombings in Africa, State upgraded security for all
   missions, which

   included strengthening building exteriors, lobby entrances, and the walls
   and fences at embassy perimeters (see fig. 3). 3 The upgrades also
   included closed- circuit television monitors, explosive detection devices,
   walkthrough metal detectors, and reinforced walls and security doors to
   provide protection inside the embassy. In addition, State plans to replace

   some existing embassies with buildings that meet current security
   standards, such as having a 100- foot setback from streets surrounding
   embassies. State also has programs to protect national security
   information discussed at meetings or stored on computers. These programs
   include U. S. Marine security guards controlling access to embassies,
   efforts to

   prevent foreign intelligence agencies from detecting emanations from
   computer equipment, and computer security programs.

   3 The USAID Office of Security is responsible for ensuring security at all
   USAID facilities that are not colocated with U. S. missions (approximately
   58 of 95, as of January 2002), although it coordinates these security
   arrangements with Diplomatic Security in Washington and with the Regional
   Security Officers in country. Additionally, the Office of Security handles
   USAID building construction issues, coordinating extensively with State*s
   Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations, which constructs buildings for
   USAID*s tenancy, and with Diplomatic Security.

   Figure 2: Bureau of Diplomatic Security Training for Local Guards

   Source: GAO.

   Figure 3: New Security Fence, Gate, and Vehicle Barrier at a U. S. Embassy

   Source: GAO.

   State has several programs to help warn Americans living and traveling
   abroad against potential threats, including those posed by terrorists. For
   example, to warn Americans about travel- related dangers, in fiscal year
   2001 the Bureau of Consular Affairs issued 64 travel warnings, 134 public
   announcements, and 189 consular information sheets. In addition, missions

   employ a *warden system* to warn Americans registered with an embassy of
   threats against their security. The system varies by mission but uses
   telephone, E- mail, fax, and other technologies as appropriate. Finally,
   the Bureau of Diplomatic Security manages the Overseas Security Advisory
   Councils program. The councils are a voluntary, joint effort between State
   and the private sector to exchange threat- and security- related
   information. Councils currently operate in 47 countries.

   In addition, State manages and funds programs to train foreign government
   and law enforcement officials to combat terrorism abroad. These programs
   include the following:

    the Antiterrorism Assistance Program, implemented by the Bureau of
   Diplomatic Security, to enhance the antiterrorism skills of law
   enforcement and security personnel in foreign countries;

    the International Law Enforcement Academies, managed by the Bureau for
   International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, to provide law
   enforcement training in four locations around the world. 4 The Departments
   of State, the Treasury, and Justice* including the Bureau of Diplomatic
   Security, Federal Bureau of Investigation, and other U. S. law enforcement
   agencies* provide the on- site training;

    the Department of Justice's Overseas Prosecutorial Development and
   Assistance Training and the International Criminal Investigation Training
   Assistance Program. The State Department provides policy oversight and
   funds this training, which is intended to build rule- of- law
   institutions, and includes general law enforcement and anticrime training
   for foreign nationals. 5

   Programs and State conducts numerous programs and activities intended to
   disrupt and

   Activities to Disrupt destroy terrorist organizations. These programs and
   activities rely on

   military, multilateral, economic, law enforcement, and other capacities,
   as and Destroy Terrorist the following examples illustrate:

   Organizations Abroad

    The Bureau of Political- Military Affairs coordinates with Department of
   Defense on military cooperation with other countries. It has been State*s
   liaison with the coalition supporting Operation Enduring Freedom,
   processing 72 requests for military assistance from coalition partners
   since September 11, 2001.

    The Bureau of International Organization Affairs helped craft and adopt
   United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373, obligating all member
   nations to fight terrorism and report on their implementation of the
   resolution. It also assisted with resolutions extending U. N. sanctions on
   4 The academies are located in Budapest, Hungary; Bangkok, Thailand;
   Gaborone, Botswana; and Roswell, New Mexico. 5 USAID also supports
   programs to train foreign law enforcement, prosecutors, and judges and to
   assist in rewriting legislation and criminal sentencing guidelines. USAID
   missions and the Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian
   Assistance have rule- of- law and governance programs in about 60 of the
   85 countries where USAID has a presence.

   al Qaeda and the Taliban and on certain African regimes, including those
   whose activities benefit terrorists.

    The Department of State*s Office of the Coordinator for
   Counterterrorism, the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law
   Enforcement, and the Economic Bureau work with the Department of the
   Treasury and other agencies to stem the flow of money and other

   material support to terrorists. According to the State Department, since
   September 11, the United States has blocked $34.3 million in terrorist
   related assets.

    The Office of the Legal Advisor pursues extradition and mutual legal
   assistance treaties with foreign governments. The Office of the Legal
   Advisor also works with the U. N. and with other nations in drafting
   multilateral agreements, treaties, and conventions on counterterrorism.

    The Bureau of Diplomatic Security, working with the Department of
   Justice, cooperates with foreign intelligence, security, and law
   enforcement entities to track and capture terrorists in foreign countries,
   assist in their extradition to the United States, and block attempted
   terrorist attacks on U. S. citizens and assets abroad.

    The Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, in conjunction with
   the Department of Justice and other agencies, coordinates State*s role in
   facilitating the arrest of suspected terrorists through an overseas
   arrest,

   known as a rendition, when the United States lacks an extradition treaty.
    The Bureau of Diplomatic Security manages the Rewards for Justice

   Program. This program offers payment for information leading to the
   prevention of a terrorist attack or the arrest and prosecution of
   designated individuals involved in international terrorism. These rewards
   reach up to $25 million for those involved in the September 11

   attacks.

    The Bureau of Intelligence and Research prepares intelligence and threat
   reports for the Secretary of State, high- level department officials, and
   ambassadors at U. S. missions. It also monitors governmentwide

   intelligence activities to ensure their compatibility with U. S. foreign
   policy objectives related to terrorism, and it seeks to expand the sharing
   of interagency data on known terrorist suspects.

   Programs and The State Department is responsible for leading the U. S.
   response to

   Activities to Respond terrorist incidents abroad. This includes measures
   to protect Americans, minimize incident damage, terminate terrorist
   attacks, and bring terrorists to Terrorist Incidents

   to trial. Once an attack has occurred, State*s activities include measures
   to Abroad alleviate damage, protect public health, and provide emergency
   assistance. The Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism facilitates
   the planning and implementation of the U. S. government response to a
   terrorist incident overseas. In a given country, the ambassador would act
   as the on- scene coordinator for the response effort. (See figure 4.)

   Figure 4: Response to al Qaeda Terrorist Attack, U. S. Embassy, Nairobi,
   Kenya, August 1998

   Source: Department of State.

   In addition, several other bureaus respond to the aftermath of a terrorist
   attack and help friendly governments prepare to respond to an attack by
   conducting joint training exercises.

    The Bureau of Political- Military Affairs is tasked with helping to
   prepare U. S. forces, foreign governments, and international organizations
   to respond to the consequences of a chemical, biological, radiological, or
   nuclear incident overseas. For example, the bureau is developing a
   database of international assets that could be used to respond to the

   consequences of a terrorist attack using weapons of mass destruction. It
   also participates in major interagency international exercises, which are
   led by DOD. In addition, the bureau assisted in the first operational
   deployment of a U. S. consequence management task force, working with the
   DOD regional command responsible for conducting the war in Afghanistan.

    Several bureaus and offices deploy emergency response teams to respond
   to terrorist attacks. For example, the Office of the Coordinator for
   Counterterrorism deploys multi- agency specialists in the Foreign
   Emergency Support Team (FEST) to assist missions in responding to ongoing
   terrorist attacks. For example, at the request of the Ambassador, the FEST
   can be dispatched rapidly to the mission. As one component of this team,
   the Bureau of Political- Military Affairs can deploy a Consequence
   Management Support Team to assist missions in managing the aftermath of
   terrorist attacks. In addition, the Bureau of

   Overseas Buildings Operations Emergency Response Team helps secure embassy
   grounds and restore communications following a crisis. 6 See appendix II
   for a comprehensive list of State*s programs and activities to combat
   terrorism.

   6 USAID assists in the aftermath of a terrorist incident through its
   Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA). OFDA participates with other
   U. S. teams, deploying immediately with the Foreign Emergency Support
   Team. OFDA serves as an Advisor to the U. S. Chief of Mission, helping to
   coordinate the initial response efforts. Because of its relationships and
   formal agreements with both U. S. government agencies and nongovernmental
   organizations, OFDA can provide information on their capacities to assist
   a host nation in managing the consequences of a terrorist incident. OFDA
   is currently providing humanitarian assistance in Kabul, Afghanistan, as
   the United States has reestablished its mission there.

   Activities to The State Department is responsible for coordinating all
   federal agencies* Coordinate U. S. Efforts

   efforts to combat terrorism abroad. These include the Departments of
   Defense, Justice, and the Treasury; the various intelligence agencies; the
   to Combat Terrorism

   FBI and other law enforcement agencies; and USAID. In addition, State
   Abroad

   coordinates U. S. efforts to combat terrorism multilaterally through
   international organizations and bilaterally with foreign nations. State
   uses a variety of methods to coordinate its efforts to combat terrorism
   abroad, including the following:

    In Washington, D. C., State participates in National Security Council
   interagency working groups, issue- specific working groups, and ad hoc
   working groups. For example, the Office of the Coordinator for
   Counterterrorism maintains policy oversight and provides leadership for
   the interagency Technical Support Working Group* a forum that identifies,
   prioritizes, and coordinates interagency and international

   applied research and development needs and requirements to combat
   terrorism.  At U. S. embassies, State implements mission performance
   plans that coordinate embassy activities to combat terrorism, country team

   subgroups on terrorism, emergency action committees to organize embassy
   response to terrorist threats and incidents, and ad hoc working groups.
   For example, selected embassies have country team subgroups dedicated to
   law enforcement matters, chaired by the Deputy Chief of Mission. Working
   with related bureaus and agencies such as the

   Regional Security Office, FBI Legal Attache, and Treasury Department
   Financial Attache, these subgroups coordinate efforts to combat terrorism
   among the various agencies overseas.

    In Washington, D. C., and elsewhere, State exchanges personnel with
   other agencies for liaison purposes. In Washington, D. C., for example,
   State personnel serve as liaisons at the CIA*s Counter- Terrorism Center.
   The department also provides each U. S. regional military command with a
   Political Advisor, who helps the respective commanders coordinate with
   State Department Headquarters and with U. S. embassies on

   regional and bilateral matters, including efforts to combat terrorism.
   Agency Comments We received written comments from the Department of State
   that are reprinted in appendix III. State wrote that the report is a
   *useful guide* and *good outline* of State*s activities and roles in the
   campaign against

   terrorism. State noted that there are many more often intangible and
   hardto- measure actions taking place as part of the department*s
   contribution to fighting terrorism. State also provided technical
   comments, which we incorporated where appropriate.

   We are sending copies of this report to interested congressional
   committees and to the Secretary of State. We will make copies available to
   others on request. In addition, the report will be available at no charge
   on the GAO Web site at http:// www. gao. gov. If you or your staff have
   any questions about this report, please contact me at (202) 512- 4128.
   Another GAO contact and staff acknowledgments are listed in appendix IV of
   this report.

   Jess Ford, Director International Affairs and Trade

   Appendi Appendi xes x I

   Department of State Organizational Chart Source: U. S. Department of
   State.

   Department of State Programs and Activities

   Appendi x II

   to Combat Terrorism Abroad The Department of State coordinates U. S.
   government efforts to combat terrorism abroad. Within the department,
   multiple bureaus and offices manage programs and activities to combat
   terrorism. State also works with several U. S. and foreign government
   agencies in carrying out these programs and activities. Table 2 presents
   the programs and activities and the bureaus responsible for managing them.
   The table also presents information about some of the U. S. government
   agencies with which State

   cooperates. Table 2 describes:

    the strategic framework of State*s efforts to combat terrorism abroad;

    State*s programs and activities to prevent terrorism abroad;

    State*s programs and activities to disrupt and destroy terrorist
   organizations abroad; and

    State*s programs and activities to respond to terrorist incidents
   abroad.

   Table 2: State Department Programs and Activities to Combat Terrorism
   Abroad State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description
   of program or activity

   STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK Agency head*s role in counterterrorism

   Office of the Secretary Directs State The Secretary of State is
   responsible for the coordination of all U. S. civilian

   Department, the lead departments and agencies that provide
   counterterrorism assistance overseas.

   U. S. agency for The Secretary also is responsible for the management of
   all U. S. bilateral and

   counterterrorism multilateral relationships intended to promote activities
   to combat terrorism activities abroad abroad.

   Since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States, the
   Office of the Secretary has made its counterterrorism activities a top
   priority. The Office helps manage the U. S. *war on terrorism* by (1)
   building the global coalition against terrorism; (2) building diplomatic
   support for military operations in Afghanistan and other countries; (3)
   helping coordinate intelligence to detect terrorist networks; (4) imposing
   economic sanctions to

   reduce terrorist financing; (5) supporting international law enforcement
   efforts to identify, arrest, and bring terrorists to justice; and (6)
   leading multinational efforts through the United Nations and other
   organizations to reduce the terrorist threat.

   Special agency official or office in charge of counterterrorism

   Coordinator for Coordinates all State

   Coordinates the U. S. overseas counterterrorism policy and the response to
   Counterterrorism (S/ CT) Department international terrorist incidents that
   take place outside of U. S. territory. counterterrorism Engages in
   bilateral, multilateral, and public diplomacy to deter terrorism
   activities and leads U. S. through a policy of making no concessions to
   terrorists, prosecuting or

   government efforts to extraditing international terrorists, opposing
   state- sponsored terrorism, and improve

   curbing terrorist resources. counterterrorism cooperation with foreign

   Provides the lead in conducting interagency bilateral counterterrorism
   governments consultation with about 20 foreign governments and
   participates in multilateral negotiations and meetings.

   Identifies and develops justification for the U. S. government*s biennial
   designation of foreign terrorist organizations. Chairs the Interagency
   Working Group on Counterterrorism and the State Department's terrorism
   task forces to coordinate responses to major international terrorist
   incidents.

   Coordinates U. S. counterterrorism research and development, including
   consultations and cooperation with selected countries. Each U. S.
   ambassador Responsible for the full See below for descriptions of
   counterterrorism activities at U. S. missions.

   array of counterterrorism activities at each mission

   (Continued From Previous Page)

   State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
   program or activity

   Agency plans or strategies to combat terrorism

   Office of the Secretary State Department*s The State Department*s 2002
   Annual Performance Plan highlights its

   Annual Performance counterterrorism objective to *reduce international
   terrorist incidents, Plan

   especially against the United States.* Key goals are to (1) reduce the
   number of attacks, (2) bring terrorists to justice, (3) reduce or
   eliminate statesponsored terrorist acts, (4) delegitimize the use of
   terror as a political tool, (5) enhance the international response, and
   (6) strengthen international cooperation and operational capabilities to
   counter terrorism.

   U. S. embassies Mission Performance Lists each embassy*s priorities and
   includes implementation and budgeting (ambassador) Plan plans. If
   counterterrorism activities are an embassy priority, the plan should

   include specific goals and actions to counter the threat.

   PREVENT TERRORISM ABROAD Military security assistance

   Bureau of Political- Military Regional security and Supports the war on
   terrorism and Operation Enduring Freedom with security Affairs (PM) arms
   controls to assistance programs such as (1) foreign military financing,
   (2) foreign military

   enhance regional sales, (3) International Military Education and Training,
   and (4) peacekeeping stability

   operations. For Operation Enduring Freedom, PM stated that arms transfers
   and security assistance policies have enhanced cooperation with the states
   of the region and influenced operations in Afghanistan. For example, arms
   transfers helped enhance security cooperation with such key U. S.
   strategic partners as Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and the United Arab
   Emirates.

   Embassy security

   Bureau of Diplomatic Responsible for Manages a broad range of programs to
   create and maintain the highest Security (DS) providing a secure
   appropriate levels of security possible for more than 50, 000 U. S.
   government environment for the

   personnel, staff, and dependents who work and live at 260 embassies,
   conduct of American consulates, and other missions overseas. DS can
   dispatch DS teams to diplomacy worldwide threatened overseas missions. DS
   activities include protection of the Secretary of State and other high-
   level U. S. government officials on official government business abroad.
   At each U. S. mission, the Regional Security Officer (RSO) is responsible
   for implementing DS security measures and

   coordinating protection with host government authorities. DS Review of
   standards and

   Develops, evaluates, and applies security standards for a broad range of
   risk management categories. These include (1) physical protection for
   office and residential buildings, (2) access to communication equipment,
   (3) intrusion detection

   devices, (4) secure conference rooms, and (5) armored vehicles. These
   standards are intended to allow DS to identify and address threats posed
   by terrorism, political violence, human intelligence, and technical
   intelligence penetration of facilities. DS uses these elements to target
   resource allocations to identified threats at each mission or location. DS
   is required to provide to the Congress each year a ranking of the U. S.
   missions abroad most vulnerable to terrorist attack. These standards also
   help target additional

   security funding to the highest threat missions, as in the case of
   Emergency Security Supplemental and Worldwide Security Upgrade funds to
   meet the most pressing security needs.

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   State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
   program or activity

   Bureau of Overseas Embassy construction Replaces State Department*s less
   secure facilities on an accelerated basis Buildings Operations program
   with new, secure embassies and consulates. (OBO)

   State has a 5- year Long- Range Overseas Buildings Plan, which includes
   both new construction and the major renovation and rehabilitation of
   existing facilities.

   DS Embassy construction Participates with OBO in developing embassy
   security measures. program Develops, with other elements in State, threat
   assessments that it uses to

   prioritize which U. S. missions are most in need of new, safer embassy
   buildings.

   DS, OBO Worldwide Security Provides a physically secure environment for
   all U. S. government personnel Upgrade Program under the jurisdiction of
   the Chief of Mission. DS, through the physical security program,
   strengthens building exteriors, lobby entrances, and the walls and fences
   around embassies and consulates. Inside an embassy or consulate, closed-
   circuit television monitors, explosive- detection devices, walk- through
   metal detectors, and hard- line walls and security doors provide
   protection. DS and OBO have joint responsibility for this program.

   DS Residential security Provides for security upgrades to the residences
   of U. S. employees assigned to overseas diplomatic and consular missions.
   Prior to occupancy, all newly acquired residential facilities are equipped
   with appropriate security features,

   such as locks, alarms, shatter- resistant window film, and reinforced
   doors, based on the level of the threats to be addressed. DS Overseas
   Protection of Implements a comprehensive set of information protection
   programs. These Information programs are intended to protect national
   security information discussed at

   meetings in secure conference rooms or on secure telephones, processed and
   stored on computers, and preserved and communicated on paper documents.
   This program includes (1) personnel investigations for security
   clearances, (2) courier protection for diplomatic pouches, (3)
   construction security and access control equipment, (4) U. S. Marine
   security guards controlling access to embassies at 130 U. S. missions
   overseas, (5) locks for

   containers holding classified material, (6) secure conference rooms, (7)
   detection and containment of emanations from processing equipment, (8)
   counterintelligence investigations and briefings, and (9) computer
   security.

   DS Surveillance Detection Utilizes plainclothes security agents to provide
   surveillance detection Program measures around U. S. embassies,
   consulates, and residences of embassy employees. The program is used to
   identity suspicious activity, such as terrorists* *casing* of embassy
   facilities or personnel, and includes capabilities intended to resolve all
   suspicious activity.

   DS Local Guard Services Augments host government resources for protecting
   overseas diplomatic and consular office facilities and residences of U. S.
   government employees and dependents of all agencies under the Chief of
   Mission.

   DS Overseas Protective Provides light and heavy armor vehicles to protect
   embassy personnel. One Vehicles hundred percent of the Chief of Mission
   vehicles have been ordered and are in the armoring phase, with 94 percent
   delivered to missions.

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   State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
   program or activity

   DS Security Liaison Officers Provides Security Officers to the Department
   of Defense*s Unified Command, located at U. S. Central Command, Tampa,
   Florida; U. S. European Command, Stuttgart- Vaihingen, Germany; and U. S.
   Pacific Command, Honolulu, Hawaii. These officers coordinate with the
   Commands on theater threat assessments, contingency planning, and
   implementation of Department of State and

   Department of Defense agreements on overseas security support.

   Warnings to and information- sharing with Americans abroad

   Bureau of Consular Affairs Travel warnings, public Ensures that important
   threat warnings and security information reach U. S. (CA) announcements,
   and

   citizens and assets abroad in a timely and effective manner. Consular
   Information Sheets

   In 2001, CA issued 64 travel warnings, 134 public announcements, and 189
   Consular Information Sheets. CA*s Internet Web site received 117. 9
   million inquiries, 30.7 million more than in fiscal year 2000. According
   to CA data, 90 percent of the users found the information helpful. CA also
   held 69 briefings for stakeholder groups, including international student
   program participants,

   travel agents, and others. CA Warden system for Notifies Americans who
   have registered with the U. S. embassy of potential

   notifying registered terrorist threats. Warden networks consist of
   telephone- calling trees, e- mails, Americans of threats fax systems, and
   other systems as appropriate. The warden system covers both U. S. embassy
   personnel and other registered Americans. The system usually works by
   alerting major employers or compounds with high

   concentrations of Americans. It is used for a variety of communications
   purposes, from passing out voter information to notifying wardens and
   their wards of U. S. embassy evacuations.

   DS Overseas Security Provides security support to U. S. businesses and
   private- sector organizations Advisory Council worldwide through OSAC. A
   joint effort between State and the private sector, (OSAC)

   OSAC fosters the exchange of security and threat information and
   implementation of security programs and provides a forum to address
   security concerns. RSOs coordinate with OSAC headquarters to set up,
   develop, and maintain OSACs in country. In approximately 47 countries,
   active OSACs coordinate with U. S. embassies.

   Law enforcement training (with foreign governments)

   DS Antiterrorism Assistance Provides training to approved foreign national
   participants in five areas: law (ATA) enforcement, protection of national
   leadership, control of borders, protection of critical infrastructure, and
   crisis management. ATA has trained 28, 000 foreign national participants
   from 124 countries since its inception. DS ATA*s proposed Center

   ATA proposes to build the Center for Antiterrorism and Security Training,
   a for Antiterrorism and

   consolidated facility for training in various antiterrorism disciplines.
   Security Training

   DS ATA*s Mobile Emergency Provides quick in- country training to allied
   nations. Training Team Bureau for International

   International Law Provides law enforcement to foreign governments. INL
   manages the U. S. Narcotics and Law Enforcement Academy

   government*s interagency regional ILEAs (Budapest, Hungary; Bangkok,
   Enforcement Affairs (ILEA)

   Thailand; Gaborone, Botswana; and Roswell, New Mexico), in conjunction
   (INL) with the Departments of the Treasury and Justice, including the FBI.
   In fiscal year 2003, INL is scheduled to provide law enforcement training
   to 12,000

   officials, doubling the number trained in fiscal year 2001.

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   State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
   program or activity

   INL Law enforcement and Provides training and technical assistance to
   foreign law enforcement police science personnel to combat crime and
   advance U. S. interests in international counterterrorism cooperation. Law
   enforcement and police science training is managed and funded by INL and
   carried out by the Departments of Justice and the Treasury, among other
   federal agencies. The International Criminal Investigative Training
   Assistance Program and the Office of Overseas Prosecutorial Development
   and Training are examples of these types of

   programs. S/ CT, INL Countering terrorist

   Provides, with Justice and the Treasury, training and assistance to
   foreign financing governments to strengthen their financial and regulatory
   regimes, to reduce terrorist financing.

   Border security (including visa processing issues)

   CA Visas Processes applications for visas from foreign citizens who wish
   to visit the United States. CA is to facilitate travel for those eligible
   to receive visas and to deny visas to those who are ineligible. A visa is
   an application to enter the United States, but it does not guarantee that
   a person will be able to enter the United States.

   CA Consular Consolidated Supports the antiterrorist task forces since
   September 11, 2001. In fiscal year Database 2002, CA searched more than
   900 nonimmigrant visa records at the request of federal law enforcement
   task forces investigating the terrorist attacks. In addition, Passport
   Services provided law enforcement with 305 visa- related records. CA used
   facial recognition software to compare the photographs on the visa
   applications of the September 11 hijackers in the database against other
   visa photographs. According to State, the review found no evidence that
   the hijackers had applied for visas using different names.

   Bureau of Intelligence and TIPOFF program Manages the TIPOFF program, a
   database of sensitive intelligence and law Research (INR) enforcement
   information contributed by the CIA, NSA, and FBI. TIPOFF contains
   information on some 68,000 suspected terrorists and international
   organized crime figures. TIPOFF alerts consular officers at U. S.
   embassies and Immigration and Naturalization Service officers at ports of
   entry when potential terrorists try to enter the United States. CA/ Visa
   Services TIPOFF to impede Uses TIPOFF in the visa program to identify and
   stop potential terrorists trying terrorist entry into the to enter the
   United States. In fiscal year 2001, CA indicated that there had United
   States

   been 178 TIPOFF matches for visa applicants; of those, 81 were denied, 14
   abandoned their applications, and 4 withdrew their applications. TIPOFF,
   used by the Immigration and Naturalization Service, yielded 86 matches
   from the terrorism database at ports of entry in fiscal year 2001. Of
   these, 38 of the individuals were denied entry, and 1 was arrested.

   DS Investigation of visa and Impedes terrorist entry into the United
   States. DS investigates more than passport fraud 3, 500 passport and visa
   fraud cases annually, resulting in more than 500 arrests each year. A
   number of suspects have been linked to terrorism. DS has 450 special
   agents in over 160 countries and approximately 700 special

   agents assigned throughout the United States. S/ CT Terrorist Interdiction
   Enhances border security by providing participating foreign governments
   with

   Program (TIP) a computerized database that allows border control officials
   to identify and detain or track individuals of interest. The TIP is
   currently installed in 2 foreign countries, with another 60 countries
   under consideration. TIP is scheduled to be installed in up to 5 new
   countries per year.

   (Continued From Previous Page)

   State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
   program or activity

   Office of the Inspector Investigation of visa and Conducts visa and
   passport investigations. OIG conducted several joint General (OIG)
   passport fraud investigations with the Immigration and Naturalization
   Service in fiscal year

   2001. In one case, OIG found that defendants took in $21 million by
   defrauding the visa program.

   Public Diplomacy

   Office of International Build international

   Influence international opinion in support of U. S. foreign policy
   objectives. Information Programs (IIP) support for U. S. foreign Since the
   September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, IIP has encouraged policy

   international support for the war on terrorism. For example, its
   initiatives have generated over 240 newspaper, 100 radio, and 150
   television interviews, and over 300 opinion- editorial articles in
   newspapers either signed or prepared for ambassadors. Almost 60 U. S.
   speakers have traveled abroad on IIP- funded programs addressing September
   11th* related issues. U. S. embassies have sponsored over 100 panel
   discussions and over 220 speeches on the issue. In addition, Network of
   Terrorism, an IIP- produced print and electronic pamphlet, is available in
   36 languages, and 1.3 million print copies are in circulation.

   DISRUPT AND DESTROY TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS ABROAD Military operations

   PM State*s primary liaison Facilitates Defense- State actions concerning
   military operations. with Department of Defense

   PM Supporting U. S. military Assists in developing and maintaining the
   global military coalition against war on terrorism terrorism and serves as
   main point of contact for coalition matters.

   Assists in negotiating with foreign governments for deployment orders,
   requests for coalition forces, fly- over rights, and bed- down rights.
   Between September 11, 2001, and the end of January, 2002, PM processed 120
   deployment orders and 72 requests for coalition forces in support of
   Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. PM Political Advisor to U. S.
   PM provides personnel to DOD and the principal military commands to
   regional military improve cooperation between State and the U. S.
   military. For example, the

   commands Political Advisor at the U. S. Central Command provides liaison
   services between State, the command, and the representatives of the 31
   nations located at U. S. Central Command that provide assets for Operation
   Enduring Freedom.

   International relations

   Office of the Secretary Worldwide diplomatic Military assistance was
   offered by 136 countries for the war on terrorism. support for war on
   terrorism and Operation

   Secured over- flight rights from 89 countries. Enduring Freedom

   Secured landing rights for U. S. military aircraft from 76 countries.
   Secured NATO support to invoke article V of the NATO charter, which states
   that an attack on one is an attack on all.

   Developed new U. S. relationships with key countries against terrorism.

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   State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
   program or activity

   U. S. embassies Bilateral diplomatic Implements the above activities of
   the Office of the Secretary, in support of the (ambassador) support for
   war on

   war on terrorism and Operation Enduring Freedom. terrorism and Operation
   Enduring Freedom

   Bureau of International Works with international Develops and implements
   U. S. counterterrorism policy in the United Nations

   Organization Affairs (IO) organizations on and other international
   organizations, serving as State*s primary liaison. counterterrorism issues

   Helped craft and aided in the adoption of United Nations Security Council
   Resolution (UNSCR) 1373, obligating all member nations to fight terrorism
   and report to the Security Council on their counterterrorism efforts.

   Assisted in the creation of a U. N. Counterterrorism Committee to oversee
   the implementation of UNSCR 1373. Through bilateral and multilateral
   efforts, IO encourages all nations to comply with UNSCR 1373 and has
   offered the services of the U. S. government to other nations to aid in
   their compliance. Assisted with resolutions extending U. N. sanctions on
   (1) al Qaeda and the Taliban, (2) Iraq (including gaining passage of new
   *smart sanctions*), (3) Libya, and (4) certain African regimes, including
   those whose activities benefit terrorists.

   Assisted in the lifting of U. N. sanctions on Sudan, which has cooperated
   with the international community and the United States in its war on
   terrorism. Aided in the U. N. International Atomic Energy Association*s
   reevaluation of its response to the threat of nuclear terrorism.

   Assisted in the U. N. International Civil Aviation Organization*s passing
   an antiterrorism resolution.

   Is working toward U. S. ratification of the final 2 of 12 U. N. terrorism
   conventions, and is active in encouraging more nations to become party to
   all the U. N. terrorism conventions. S/ CT, INL, and the

   Reduce the flow of Blocks terrorism- related financing. S/ CT, with the
   concurrence of the Justice Economic Bureau, in money and other

   and Treasury Departments, designates foreign terrorist organizations,
   coordination with the

   material support to individuals, and groups for the purpose of blocking
   terrorism- related financing. Department of the terrorists. The Economic
   Bureau is responsible for leading the effort to build international
   Treasury and other

   coalition support to also block these assets. According to State, since
   agencies September 11, 2001, the United States has blocked $34. 3 million
   in terrorist related assets.

   Office of the Legal Advisor Negotiates international

   Pursues extradition and mutual legal assistance treaties with foreign (L)
   agreements governments and works with the United Nations and with other
   nations in

   drafting multilateral agreements, treaties, and conventions on
   counterterrorism. L Works with Department

   Works closely with the Department of Justice*s Office of International
   Affairs of Justice on (OIA) on specific cases and on building consensus on
   broad international international law counterterrorism and crime issues.
   enforcement issues

   (Continued From Previous Page)

   State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
   program or activity

   L Drafts U. S. L works with S/ CT, the Economic Bureau, and the Department
   of Justice when counterterrorism- related U. S. legislation is needed to
   combat terrorism abroad. legislation

   Law enforcement

   DS, RSO Law enforcement Cooperates with local intelligence, security, and
   law enforcement entities to cooperation track and capture terrorists in
   country and to block attempted terrorist attacks on U. S. citizens and U.
   S. assets abroad. DS Investigations of terrorist

   Conducts investigations of terrorist incidents involving U. S. diplomatic
   incidents personnel and other persons under its protection. These
   investigations are conducted for the purpose of preventing or deterring
   future incidents. DS supports the FBI in its extra- territorial
   investigations into the criminal prosecution of the perpetrators.

   S/ CT Coordinates State*s role Captures suspected terrorists overseas. In
   cases where the United States in negotiating and lacks an extradition
   treaty, the U. S. government can capture suspected conducting renditions

   terrorists through an overseas arrest called a rendition. S/ CT, in
   conjunction with L, the Department of Justice, and other agencies, would
   coordinate State*s role in negotiating and conducting these arrests. Since
   1993, there have been 10 reported renditions. DS Rewards for Justice
   Provides payments for information leading to the arrest and prosecution of

   program individuals involved in international terrorism, and for
   information that thwarts a terrorist attack. Rewards have been offered for
   terrorists involved in the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, the
   African embassy bombings, and the

   USS Cole bombing. The program awards payments of up to $25 million for
   this information. In fiscal year 2001, State spent $113,000 for cases
   concerning terrorist acts, $1.7 million for cases concerning narcotics
   traffickers, and $14, 000 for cases concerning war crimes.

   Intelligence on terrorist groups and threat assessments

   INR Intelligence support for Prepares intelligence reports for the
   Secretary of State, department officials, Secretary of State and and
   ambassadors at U. S. missions. Monitors governmentwide intelligence for U.
   S. missions

   activities to ensure their compatibility with U. S. counterterrorism
   foreign policy objectives. Seeks to expand interagency data sharing on
   known terrorist suspects. INR Intelligence Conducted the first public
   opinion survey inside Taliban- controlled Afghanistan assessments and
   policy to determine public reaction to the Taliban government. Results
   were used in guidance

   U. S. counterterrorism briefings to State, National Security Council, CIA,
   DOD, and U. S. Central Command officials. Conducted *flash surveys*
   immediately after September 11, 2001, in Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, the
   United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and the Palestinian Authority,
   gauging Arab public reaction to the attacks on the United States and
   public perceptions of Osama bin Laden for use in policy formulation. INR
   Electronic Read- and Provides intelligence products, especially threat
   information, to Chiefs of

   Burn Pilot Project Mission who could not previously receive this type of
   highly classified material. S/ CT Studies terrorist groups Publishes an
   unclassified report called Patterns of Global Terrorism, as called

   worldwide for under title 22, USC 2656f (a).

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   State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
   program or activity

   DS Publishes annual The annual reports, Significant Incidents of Political
   Violence against security reports Americans and Terrorist Tactics and
   Security Practices: Lessons Learned, and Issues in Global Crime, are
   intended to provide a comprehensive picture of the broad spectrum of
   political violence and security threats to American citizens and interests
   abroad.

   DS, RSO Threat and intelligence Interacts with police and intelligence
   contacts in other countries. A mission*s assessments RSO is often the
   first to recognize, through investigative work, possible

   terrorist activities. DS agents frequently are requested to follow up on
   leads for other law enforcement agencies not represented at the mission.

   Intelligence* information sharing (with foreign governments)

   DS, RSO Information sharing and Cooperates with foreign governments and
   their law enforcement and security cooperation with host forces in sharing
   threat and security information. country governments

   Conducts extensive liaison with foreign police and security and
   intelligence services, which allows RSOs to assist other U. S. government
   law enforcement agencies. Such activities include criminal record checks,
   tracing fugitives, interviewing informants and suspects, and processing
   extradition requests.

   RESPOND TO TERRORIST INCIDENTS ABROAD Crisis and consequence management a
   *domestic and abroad

   S/ CT Headquarters leadership of Serves as the lead for crisis and
   consequence management in directing the

   the U. S. government U. S. government response to a terrorist incident
   overseas. The S/ CT response to a terrorist coordinator would lead a task
   force, working through the State Department

   incident overseas Operations Center (discussed below).

   State Department Headquarters task force for

   State*s Operations Center maintains a 24- hour global watch and crisis
   Operations Center coordinating the U. S. management support staff. The
   watch is the initial point of contact for posts (S/ SO) government
   response to a

   experiencing emergency crises, including terrorist attacks. In a crisis,
   the terrorist incident overseas

   Operations Center would establish a 24- hour task force to coordinate the
   flow of communications and instructions between State, other involved
   agencies, overseas posts, and foreign governments. This task force would
   be led by the S/ CT Coordinator and, in addition to relevant State
   Department bureaus, may include other U. S. government agencies with
   action responsibilities. U. S. embassies Serves as the U. S. In a given
   country, the ambassador would act as the on- scene coordinator in a
   (ambassador) government on- scene terrorist incident. The ambassador would
   lead the Emergency Action

   coordinator for terrorist Committee to manage the response. The ambassador
   could request a incidents overseas

   Foreign Emergency Support Team (discussed below) for assistance and to
   help coordinate the U. S. government*s interagency response. S/ CT Foreign
   Emergency In coordination with the NSC, S/ CT would lead an interagency
   FEST to assist Support Team (FEST) to

   the ambassador and host government to manage a terrorist incident. The
   provide on- scene support

   FEST is advisory and will not enter the host country unless requested by
   the ambassador, with the host country*s permission. The FEST provides the
   ambassador a single point of contact to coordinate all U. S. government
   onscene support during a terrorist incident. Each FEST is tailored to the
   specific incident and can provide guidance on terrorist policy and
   incident management, dedicated secure communications, and special
   expertise.

   (Continued From Previous Page)

   State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
   program or activity

   DS Special DS teams to assist Deploys its Mobile Support Teams and
   Security Support Teams to respond to and investigate crisis increased
   threats or critical security needs at U. S. missions in crisis, including
   situations

   providing special training or draw down/ evacuation assistance. These
   teams provide supplemental support to RSOs and stand ready for immediate
   deployment to any U. S. mission where conditions require the
   reestablishment of a secure environment.

   PM Consequence Serves as the lead for consequence management in directing
   the U. S. management;

   government response to a terrorist incident outside of U. S. territory.
   The U. S. Consequence government provides assistance overseas when a U. S.
   ambassador has Management Support determined that the host government is
   unable to cope with a problem, when Team

   the host government seeks U. S. assistance, and when it is in the U. S.
   interest to provide such assistance. Provides a standing Consequence
   Management Support Team designed to help manage the consequence of a
   weapons of mass destruction emergency overseas. The multi- agency team is
   tailored to manage the specific

   emergency situation or conditions of the host nation. The team coordinates
   and facilitates the flow of critical requirements and information
   necessary to respond, advise, and assist foreign government and U. S.
   decision makers. The team would deploy as an integral part of the FEST
   operations and would take the lead for the consequence management
   response.

   OBO Emergency Response Helps secure embassy grounds and restore
   communications following a crisis. Team CA Medical care Assists American
   victims with medical care. Also, assists in the process of identifying
   victim remains, notifying the next of kin, and shipping home the

   remains. CA Liaison with U. S. citizens Provides assistance for Americans
   stranded overseas by the closure of U. S. under duress air space.

   CA Liaison with foreign Provided assistance to New York City officials
   handling the deaths of foreign nationals in the United nationals in the
   September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on the World Trade States

   Center. Works with the Department of Justice to address foreign embassy
   concerns regarding the large number of aliens detained on a variety of
   charges as part of the war on terrorism.

   Planning and exercises at headquarters and abroad

   S/ CT Counterterrorism Manages the interagency exercise program for
   combating terrorism overseas, Security Group, and coordinates these
   exercises with other departments. The exercise Subgroup on Exercises

   program is designed to strengthen the U. S. government*s ability to deal
   with terrorist attacks. S/ CT International

   Conducts, in conjunction with DOD, exercises with friendly foreign
   Counterterrorism governments. These exercises are generally tabletop
   simulations with no Exercise Program and

   actual physical deployment of troops. Coordinates training programs to
   help Training other countries develop and coordinate responses to a
   weapons of mass destruction event.

   (Continued From Previous Page)

   State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
   program or activity

   PM Contingency planning Has responsibility for preparing U. S. forces,
   foreign governments, and international organizations to manage the
   consequences of a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear incident
   overseas.

   PM Consequence Sponsors consequence management exercises, in conjunction
   with other U. S. management exercises government agencies. Exercises can
   be directed at select department and agency components* for example,
   regional military commands, the Centers for Disease Control and
   Prevention, or partner nations. DS Emergency Planning Serves as a
   consolidated source of guidance for overseas missions on how to

   Handbook plan for and deal with emergencies abroad. The handbook is used
   as the principal reference when a mission prepares its Emergency Action
   Plan. U. S. embassies Emergency Action Every foreign service mission is
   required to have an Emergency Action Committee (EAC) Committee (EAC). In
   organizing for emergency action, the Chief of Mission

   establishes an EAC and designates personnel responsible for specific
   crisisrelated functions. The EAC is responsible for developing and testing
   the mission*s Emergency Action Plan.

   U. S. embassies Emergency Action Plan Every foreign service mission
   requires an Emergency Action Plan, which is (EAP) written by members of
   the EAC and provides mission- specific procedures for responding to
   terrorist and other crises. The plan translates worldwide guidance for
   dealing with emergencies into a mission- specific action plan.

   Foreign Service Institute EAC exercises Trains EAC members in their
   emergency action plan using various scenarios. Exercises are designed to
   expose mission officials to issues of decisionmaking, contingency
   planning, implementation of plans, and interpretation and coordination of
   policy.

   DCM, RSO EAC/ EAP exercises Tests its EAP to prepare for management of
   crises, including terrorist attacks. The EAC at each mission is
   responsible for periodic drills, including their preparation, execution,
   and evaluation. U. S. embassies Plans and coordinates The Secretary of
   State is responsible for the protection and evacuation of U. S.
   (ambassador) evacuations and military citizens. In a crisis such as a
   terrorist incident, an ambassador can order the noncombatant

   evacuation of U. S. government personnel and dependents. The preferred
   evacuation operations

   method of evacuation is through normal commercial transportation or
   commercial charter. However, to assist State in some cases, DOD may
   execute military Noncombatant Evacuation Operations. Ambassadors can
   request the assistance of the appropriate unified military command to
   assist planning such operations. State, and in urgent cases the
   ambassador, will make the determination as to when such evacuation plans
   should be implemented.

   (Continued From Previous Page)

   State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
   program or activity

   Alternative command centers

   Office of the Secretary Alternate operations Transformed State's Alternate
   Operations Center from a part- time facility to a center full- time
   alternate site to carry out critical State functions.

   OBO Alternate operations Maintains an alternate operations center for its
   headquarters operations and centers maintains facilities or the ability to
   establish alternate operations centers for its overseas U. S. mission
   operations.

   Post- incident law enforcement investigation

   U. S. embassies Point of contact during Serves as the point of contact for
   any post- incident law enforcement (ambassador) any investigation
   investigation. The ambassador would serve as the official liaison between
   the host country government and the U. S. government investigation.

   a The response to a terrorist incident involves managing the immediate
   crisis as well as its consequences. *Crisis management* involves efforts
   to prevent and deter a terrorist attack, protect public health and safety,
   arrest terrorists, and gather evidence for criminal prosecution.
   *Consequences management* involves efforts to provide medical treatment
   and emergency services, evacuate people from dangerous areas, and restore
   government services.

   Source: Departments of State, Defense, Justice, and the Treasury.

   Appendi x II I Comments from the Department of State

   Appendi x V I GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments GAO Contact Cheryl
   Goodman, (202) 512- 6571 Acknowledgments In addition to the contact named
   above, Edward George, Addison Ricks, Steve Caldwell, Mark Pross, James
   Lawson, Lori Kmetz, Yolanda Elserwy, Reid Lowe, and Cheryl Weissman made
   key contributions to this report. (320138)

   GAO*s Mission The General Accounting Office, the investigative arm of
   Congress, exists to support Congress in meeting its constitutional
   responsibilities and to help improve the performance and accountability of
   the federal government for the American people. GAO examines the use of
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   GAO United States General Accounting Office

   Page i GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

   Contents

   Contents

   Page ii GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

   Page 1 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism United States General Accounting
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   Washington, D. C. 20548 Page 1 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

   A

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   Appendix I

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   Appendix II

   Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
   Terrorism Abroad

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   Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
   Terrorism Abroad

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   Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
   Terrorism Abroad

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   Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
   Terrorism Abroad

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   Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
   Terrorism Abroad

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   Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
   Terrorism Abroad

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   Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
   Terrorism Abroad

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   Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
   Terrorism Abroad

   Page 24 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

   Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
   Terrorism Abroad

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   Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
   Terrorism Abroad

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   Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
   Terrorism Abroad

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   Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
   Terrorism Abroad

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   Appendix III

   Appendix III Comments from the Department of State

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   Appendix IV

   United States General Accounting Office Washington, D. C. 20548- 0001

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