-------------------------Indexing Terms-------------------------
REPORTNUM: GAO-02-1021
TITLE: COMBATING TERRORISM: Department of State Programs to Combat
Terrorism Abroad
DATE: 09/06/2002
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GAO-02-1021
A
Report to Congressional Requesters
September 2002 COMBATING TERRORISM Department of State Programs to Combat
Terrorism Abroad
GAO- 02- 1021
Letter 1 Results in Brief 3 Background 5 Programs and Activities to
Prevent Terrorism Abroad 6 Programs and Activities to Disrupt and Destroy
Terrorist Organizations Abroad 9
Programs and Activities to Respond to Terrorist Incidents Abroad 11
Activities to Coordinate U. S. Efforts to Combat Terrorism
Abroad 13 Agency Comments 13
Appendixes
Appendix I: Department of State Organizational Chart 15
Appendix II: Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat Terrori
sm Abroad 16
Appendix III: Comments from the Department of State 29
Appendix IV: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 31 GAO Contact 31
Acknowledgments 31
Tables Table 1: State Department Funding to Combat Terrorism Abroad 5
Table 2: State Department Programs and Activities to Combat Terrorism
Abroad 17
Figures Figure 1: Damage from al Qaeda Terrorist Attack, U. S. Embassy,
Dar- es- Salaam, Tanzania, August 1998 2 Figure 2: Bureau of Diplomatic
Security Training for Local
Guards 7 Figure 3: New Security Fence, Gate, and Vehicle Barrier at a U.
S.
Embassy 8 Figure 4: Response to al Qaeda Terrorist Attack, U. S. Embassy,
Nairobi, Kenya, August 1998 11
Abbreviations
ATA Antiterrorism Assistance Program CA Bureau of Consular Affairs CIA
Central Intelligence Agency DOD Department of Defense DS Bureau of
Diplomatic Security EAC Emergency Action Committee EAP Emergency Action
Plan FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation FEST Foreign Emergency Support
Team IIP Office of International Information Programs ILEA International
Law Enforcement Academy INL Bureau for International Narcotics and Law
Enforcement Affairs INR Bureau of Intelligence and Research
IO Bureau of International Organization Affairs L Office of the Legal
Advisor NSC National Security Council OBO Bureau of Overseas Buildings
Operations OFDA Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance OSAC Overseas
Security Advisory Council PM Bureau of Political- Military Affairs RSO
Regional Security Officer S/ CT Office of the Coordinator for
Counterterrorism USAID U. S. Agency for International Development
Lett er
September 6, 2002 The Honorable Christopher Shays Chairman Subcommittee on
National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations Committee
on Government Reform U. S. House of Representatives
The Honorable Henry J. Hyde Chairman Committee on International Relations
U. S. House of Representatives
The Honorable Tom Lantos Ranking Member Committee on International
Relations U. S. House of Representatives
Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, efforts to combat
terrorism have become an increasingly important part of U. S. government
activities. Such efforts have also become more important in U. S.
relations with other countries and with international organizations, such
as the United Nations (U. N.). The U. S. Department of State is charged
with coordinating these international efforts and protecting Americans
abroad; its objective is to reduce the number of terrorist attacks,
especially those on U. S. citizens and interests. While countering
terrorism has always been a part of State*s role, it took on heightened
significance in the aftermath of the 1998 al Qaeda terrorist attacks on
the U. S. embassies in Tanzania and Kenya (see fig. 1). Since the
September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City and the
Pentagon in Washington, D. C., State has helped direct the U. S. efforts
to combat terrorism abroad by building the
global coalition against terrorism, including providing diplomatic support
for military operations in Afghanistan and other countries. State has also
supported international law enforcement efforts to identify, arrest, and
bring terrorists to justice, as well as performing other activities
intended to reduce the number of terrorist attacks.
Figure 1: Damage from al Qaeda Terrorist Attack, U. S. Embassy, Dar- es-
Salaam, Tanzania, August 1998
Source: Department of State.
This report is intended to assist your committees in overseeing the State
Department*s leadership of U. S. programs to combat terrorism abroad.
Specifically, this report identifies the State Department*s programs and
activities intended to (1) prevent terrorist attacks, (2) disrupt and
destroy terrorist organizations, (3) respond to terrorist incidents, and
(4) coordinate efforts to combat terrorism. Footnotes to this report
identify programs and activities managed by the U. S. Agency for
International
Development that complement the State Department*s efforts to combat
terrorism abroad. This report is part of a larger effort that you jointly
requested to review governmentwide programs to combat terrorism overseas.
Regarding some of these programs, it is important to recognize that the
State Department works in conjunction with a number of other federal
agencies, including the Departments of Defense, Justice, and the Treasury,
as well as the Central Intelligence Agency. As agreed with your staff, we
plan to report later this year on governmentwide efforts to combat
terrorism overseas.
State*s organizational chart appears in appendix I to this report.
Detailed information on the State Department*s programs and activities
appears in appendix II. This information includes State*s framework for
combating
terrorism abroad, programs and activities for combating terrorism abroad,
and responsible bureaus and offices.
We identified the State Department*s programs and activities for combating
terrorism by reviewing State documents, such as Congressional Presentation
Document, FY 2003 and Patterns of Global Terrorism, 1 and
by conducting interviews with State officials. To identify programs and
activities provided by other departments and coordinated through State, we
reviewed documents and interviewed officials from the Departments of
Defense, Justice, and the Treasury; the Federal Bureau of Investigation
(FBI) and other law enforcement agencies; and the U. S. Agency for
International Development (USAID). In addition, we conducted fieldwork
at the U. S. Embassy in Athens, Greece, to observe programs and activities
to combat terrorism overseas. At selected regional and functional military
commands, we met with State Department Political Advisors at the U. S.
Central Command at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida; the U. S. Southern
Command in Miami, Florida; and the U. S. European Command in Stuttgart-
Vaihingen, Germany. In addition, we conducted fieldwork at the
International Law Enforcement Academy in Budapest, Hungary, to review
programs to combat terrorism that the State Department manages or funds or
both. We did not evaluate the effectiveness of these programs. We
conducted our review from February 2002 through July 2002 in accordance
with generally accepted government auditing standards.
Results in Brief The State Department conducts multifaceted activities in
its effort to prevent terrorist attacks on Americans abroad. For example,
to protect U. S. officials, property, and information abroad, State
operates programs that include local guards for U. S. missions, armored
vehicles for embassy personnel, U. S. Marine security guards to protect
sensitive information, and plans to evacuate Americans in emergencies. For
Americans traveling and living abroad, State issues public travel warnings
and operates warning systems to convey terrorism- related information. For
U. S. businesses and universities operating overseas, State uses the
Overseas Security Advisory Councils* voluntary partnerships between the
State Department and the 1 U. S. Department of State, Congressional
Presentation Document, FY 2003 (Washington, D. C.: 2002); Patterns of
Global Terrorism (Washington, D. C.: May 2002).
U. S. private sector* to exchange threat information. To improve the
ability of foreign governments to combat terrorism, State funds several
training programs that operate both in the United States and overseas.
To disrupt and destroy terrorist organizations abroad, State has numerous
programs and activities that rely on military, multilateral, economic, law
enforcement, intelligence, and other capabilities. For example, State*s
program to enhance military cooperation has resulted in 136 countries*
offering a range of military assistance for Operation Enduring Freedom in
Afghanistan. 2 State has supported efforts, through international
organizations like the United Nations, for the global implementation of
resolutions and treaties aimed at reducing terrorism. In addition, State
uses extradition treaties to bring terrorists to trial in the United
States and
cooperates with foreign intelligence, security, and law enforcement
entities to track and capture terrorists in foreign countries. If the
United States has no extradition agreements with a country, then State,
with the Department of Justice, can work to obtain the arrest of suspected
terrorists overseas through renditions. It also provides rewards for
information leading to the arrest and prosecution of designated terrorists
or the thwarting of terrorist
attacks. The State Department leads the U. S. response to terrorist
incidents abroad. This includes diplomatic measures to protect Americans,
minimize damage, terminate terrorist attacks, and bring terrorists to
justice. Once an
attack has occurred, State*s activities include measures to alleviate
damage, protect public health, and provide emergency assistance. State
also coordinates interagency exercises for combating terrorism abroad. In
addition, State helps foreign governments prepare to respond to an attack
by conducting multinational training exercises. (A comprehensive
presentation of the State Department*s programs and activities appears in
appendix II.)
To coordinate the U. S. effort to combat terrorism internationally, State
uses a variety of mechanisms to work with the Departments of Defense,
Justice, and the Treasury; the intelligence agencies; the Federal Bureau
of Investigation; and others. These mechanisms include interagency working
groups at the headquarters level in Washington, D. C.; emergency action 2
Operation Enduring Freedom is the military campaign that began on October
7, 2001, against al Qaeda and Taliban forces in Afghanistan and elsewhere.
committees at U. S. missions overseas; and liaison exchanges with other
government agencies.
Background According to the State Department*s 2002 Annual Performance
Plan, the department*s counterterrorism goals are to reduce the number of
terrorist
attacks, bring terrorists to justice, reduce or eliminate state- sponsored
terrorist acts, delegitimize the use of terror as a political tool,
enhance the U. S. response to terrorism overseas, and strengthen
international
cooperation and operational capabilities to combat terrorism. The
Secretary of State is responsible for coordinating all U. S. civilian
departments and agencies that provide counterterrorism assistance
overseas. The Secretary also is responsible for managing all U. S.
bilateral and multilateral relationships intended to combat terrorism
abroad.
State requested over $2. 3 billion to combat terrorism in fiscal year
2003. This includes more than $1 billion for overseas embassy security and
construction, as well as for counterterrorism assistance and training to
countries cooperating with the global coalition against terrorism. Table 1
provides a breakdown of State*s funding to combat terrorism.
Table 1: State Department Funding to Combat Terrorism Abroad
Dollars in millions
Fiscal year 2001 Fiscal year 2002
Emergency Fiscal year 2003 (actual) (enacted) Relief Fund President*s
budget
Bureau of Administration $50 $37 $0 $123 Bureau of Overseas 1,035 1, 159
105 1, 286 Buildings Operations Bureau of Consular
409 465 0 643 Affairs Bureau of Diplomatic 105 115 48 228
Security Office of the Coordinator 35 41 50 69 for Counterterrorism Total
$1,634 $1, 817 $203 $2,349
Sources: Office of Management and Budget and the Department of State
(Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism).
By contrast, State spent about $1. 6 billion in fiscal year 2001 and
received about $1.8 billion to combat terrorism in fiscal year 2002. State
received an additional $203 million through the Emergency Response Fund as
part of the $40 billion appropriated by the Congress in response to the
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks against the United States.
The Office of Management and Budget reported that determining precise
funding levels associated with activities to combat terrorism is difficult
because departments may not isolate those activities from other program
activities. Some activities serve multiple purposes* for example, upgrades
to embassy security help protect against terrorism as well as other
crimes.
Programs and The State Department conducts multifaceted activities in an
effort to Activities to Prevent
prevent terrorist attacks on Americans abroad. For example, to protect U.
S. officials, property, and information abroad, the Bureau of Diplomatic
Terrorism Abroad Security provides local guards for embassies and armored
vehicles for embassy personnel (see fig. 2). In addition, it provides
undercover teams to detect terrorist surveillance activities. Following
the 1998 embassy bombings in Africa, State upgraded security for all
missions, which
included strengthening building exteriors, lobby entrances, and the walls
and fences at embassy perimeters (see fig. 3). 3 The upgrades also
included closed- circuit television monitors, explosive detection devices,
walkthrough metal detectors, and reinforced walls and security doors to
provide protection inside the embassy. In addition, State plans to replace
some existing embassies with buildings that meet current security
standards, such as having a 100- foot setback from streets surrounding
embassies. State also has programs to protect national security
information discussed at meetings or stored on computers. These programs
include U. S. Marine security guards controlling access to embassies,
efforts to
prevent foreign intelligence agencies from detecting emanations from
computer equipment, and computer security programs.
3 The USAID Office of Security is responsible for ensuring security at all
USAID facilities that are not colocated with U. S. missions (approximately
58 of 95, as of January 2002), although it coordinates these security
arrangements with Diplomatic Security in Washington and with the Regional
Security Officers in country. Additionally, the Office of Security handles
USAID building construction issues, coordinating extensively with State*s
Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations, which constructs buildings for
USAID*s tenancy, and with Diplomatic Security.
Figure 2: Bureau of Diplomatic Security Training for Local Guards
Source: GAO.
Figure 3: New Security Fence, Gate, and Vehicle Barrier at a U. S. Embassy
Source: GAO.
State has several programs to help warn Americans living and traveling
abroad against potential threats, including those posed by terrorists. For
example, to warn Americans about travel- related dangers, in fiscal year
2001 the Bureau of Consular Affairs issued 64 travel warnings, 134 public
announcements, and 189 consular information sheets. In addition, missions
employ a *warden system* to warn Americans registered with an embassy of
threats against their security. The system varies by mission but uses
telephone, E- mail, fax, and other technologies as appropriate. Finally,
the Bureau of Diplomatic Security manages the Overseas Security Advisory
Councils program. The councils are a voluntary, joint effort between State
and the private sector to exchange threat- and security- related
information. Councils currently operate in 47 countries.
In addition, State manages and funds programs to train foreign government
and law enforcement officials to combat terrorism abroad. These programs
include the following:
the Antiterrorism Assistance Program, implemented by the Bureau of
Diplomatic Security, to enhance the antiterrorism skills of law
enforcement and security personnel in foreign countries;
the International Law Enforcement Academies, managed by the Bureau for
International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, to provide law
enforcement training in four locations around the world. 4 The Departments
of State, the Treasury, and Justice* including the Bureau of Diplomatic
Security, Federal Bureau of Investigation, and other U. S. law enforcement
agencies* provide the on- site training;
the Department of Justice's Overseas Prosecutorial Development and
Assistance Training and the International Criminal Investigation Training
Assistance Program. The State Department provides policy oversight and
funds this training, which is intended to build rule- of- law
institutions, and includes general law enforcement and anticrime training
for foreign nationals. 5
Programs and State conducts numerous programs and activities intended to
disrupt and
Activities to Disrupt destroy terrorist organizations. These programs and
activities rely on
military, multilateral, economic, law enforcement, and other capacities,
as and Destroy Terrorist the following examples illustrate:
Organizations Abroad
The Bureau of Political- Military Affairs coordinates with Department of
Defense on military cooperation with other countries. It has been State*s
liaison with the coalition supporting Operation Enduring Freedom,
processing 72 requests for military assistance from coalition partners
since September 11, 2001.
The Bureau of International Organization Affairs helped craft and adopt
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373, obligating all member
nations to fight terrorism and report on their implementation of the
resolution. It also assisted with resolutions extending U. N. sanctions on
4 The academies are located in Budapest, Hungary; Bangkok, Thailand;
Gaborone, Botswana; and Roswell, New Mexico. 5 USAID also supports
programs to train foreign law enforcement, prosecutors, and judges and to
assist in rewriting legislation and criminal sentencing guidelines. USAID
missions and the Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian
Assistance have rule- of- law and governance programs in about 60 of the
85 countries where USAID has a presence.
al Qaeda and the Taliban and on certain African regimes, including those
whose activities benefit terrorists.
The Department of State*s Office of the Coordinator for
Counterterrorism, the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law
Enforcement, and the Economic Bureau work with the Department of the
Treasury and other agencies to stem the flow of money and other
material support to terrorists. According to the State Department, since
September 11, the United States has blocked $34.3 million in terrorist
related assets.
The Office of the Legal Advisor pursues extradition and mutual legal
assistance treaties with foreign governments. The Office of the Legal
Advisor also works with the U. N. and with other nations in drafting
multilateral agreements, treaties, and conventions on counterterrorism.
The Bureau of Diplomatic Security, working with the Department of
Justice, cooperates with foreign intelligence, security, and law
enforcement entities to track and capture terrorists in foreign countries,
assist in their extradition to the United States, and block attempted
terrorist attacks on U. S. citizens and assets abroad.
The Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, in conjunction with
the Department of Justice and other agencies, coordinates State*s role in
facilitating the arrest of suspected terrorists through an overseas
arrest,
known as a rendition, when the United States lacks an extradition treaty.
The Bureau of Diplomatic Security manages the Rewards for Justice
Program. This program offers payment for information leading to the
prevention of a terrorist attack or the arrest and prosecution of
designated individuals involved in international terrorism. These rewards
reach up to $25 million for those involved in the September 11
attacks.
The Bureau of Intelligence and Research prepares intelligence and threat
reports for the Secretary of State, high- level department officials, and
ambassadors at U. S. missions. It also monitors governmentwide
intelligence activities to ensure their compatibility with U. S. foreign
policy objectives related to terrorism, and it seeks to expand the sharing
of interagency data on known terrorist suspects.
Programs and The State Department is responsible for leading the U. S.
response to
Activities to Respond terrorist incidents abroad. This includes measures
to protect Americans, minimize incident damage, terminate terrorist
attacks, and bring terrorists to Terrorist Incidents
to trial. Once an attack has occurred, State*s activities include measures
to Abroad alleviate damage, protect public health, and provide emergency
assistance. The Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism facilitates
the planning and implementation of the U. S. government response to a
terrorist incident overseas. In a given country, the ambassador would act
as the on- scene coordinator for the response effort. (See figure 4.)
Figure 4: Response to al Qaeda Terrorist Attack, U. S. Embassy, Nairobi,
Kenya, August 1998
Source: Department of State.
In addition, several other bureaus respond to the aftermath of a terrorist
attack and help friendly governments prepare to respond to an attack by
conducting joint training exercises.
The Bureau of Political- Military Affairs is tasked with helping to
prepare U. S. forces, foreign governments, and international organizations
to respond to the consequences of a chemical, biological, radiological, or
nuclear incident overseas. For example, the bureau is developing a
database of international assets that could be used to respond to the
consequences of a terrorist attack using weapons of mass destruction. It
also participates in major interagency international exercises, which are
led by DOD. In addition, the bureau assisted in the first operational
deployment of a U. S. consequence management task force, working with the
DOD regional command responsible for conducting the war in Afghanistan.
Several bureaus and offices deploy emergency response teams to respond
to terrorist attacks. For example, the Office of the Coordinator for
Counterterrorism deploys multi- agency specialists in the Foreign
Emergency Support Team (FEST) to assist missions in responding to ongoing
terrorist attacks. For example, at the request of the Ambassador, the FEST
can be dispatched rapidly to the mission. As one component of this team,
the Bureau of Political- Military Affairs can deploy a Consequence
Management Support Team to assist missions in managing the aftermath of
terrorist attacks. In addition, the Bureau of
Overseas Buildings Operations Emergency Response Team helps secure embassy
grounds and restore communications following a crisis. 6 See appendix II
for a comprehensive list of State*s programs and activities to combat
terrorism.
6 USAID assists in the aftermath of a terrorist incident through its
Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA). OFDA participates with other
U. S. teams, deploying immediately with the Foreign Emergency Support
Team. OFDA serves as an Advisor to the U. S. Chief of Mission, helping to
coordinate the initial response efforts. Because of its relationships and
formal agreements with both U. S. government agencies and nongovernmental
organizations, OFDA can provide information on their capacities to assist
a host nation in managing the consequences of a terrorist incident. OFDA
is currently providing humanitarian assistance in Kabul, Afghanistan, as
the United States has reestablished its mission there.
Activities to The State Department is responsible for coordinating all
federal agencies* Coordinate U. S. Efforts
efforts to combat terrorism abroad. These include the Departments of
Defense, Justice, and the Treasury; the various intelligence agencies; the
to Combat Terrorism
FBI and other law enforcement agencies; and USAID. In addition, State
Abroad
coordinates U. S. efforts to combat terrorism multilaterally through
international organizations and bilaterally with foreign nations. State
uses a variety of methods to coordinate its efforts to combat terrorism
abroad, including the following:
In Washington, D. C., State participates in National Security Council
interagency working groups, issue- specific working groups, and ad hoc
working groups. For example, the Office of the Coordinator for
Counterterrorism maintains policy oversight and provides leadership for
the interagency Technical Support Working Group* a forum that identifies,
prioritizes, and coordinates interagency and international
applied research and development needs and requirements to combat
terrorism. At U. S. embassies, State implements mission performance
plans that coordinate embassy activities to combat terrorism, country team
subgroups on terrorism, emergency action committees to organize embassy
response to terrorist threats and incidents, and ad hoc working groups.
For example, selected embassies have country team subgroups dedicated to
law enforcement matters, chaired by the Deputy Chief of Mission. Working
with related bureaus and agencies such as the
Regional Security Office, FBI Legal Attache, and Treasury Department
Financial Attache, these subgroups coordinate efforts to combat terrorism
among the various agencies overseas.
In Washington, D. C., and elsewhere, State exchanges personnel with
other agencies for liaison purposes. In Washington, D. C., for example,
State personnel serve as liaisons at the CIA*s Counter- Terrorism Center.
The department also provides each U. S. regional military command with a
Political Advisor, who helps the respective commanders coordinate with
State Department Headquarters and with U. S. embassies on
regional and bilateral matters, including efforts to combat terrorism.
Agency Comments We received written comments from the Department of State
that are reprinted in appendix III. State wrote that the report is a
*useful guide* and *good outline* of State*s activities and roles in the
campaign against
terrorism. State noted that there are many more often intangible and
hardto- measure actions taking place as part of the department*s
contribution to fighting terrorism. State also provided technical
comments, which we incorporated where appropriate.
We are sending copies of this report to interested congressional
committees and to the Secretary of State. We will make copies available to
others on request. In addition, the report will be available at no charge
on the GAO Web site at http:// www. gao. gov. If you or your staff have
any questions about this report, please contact me at (202) 512- 4128.
Another GAO contact and staff acknowledgments are listed in appendix IV of
this report.
Jess Ford, Director International Affairs and Trade
Appendi Appendi xes x I
Department of State Organizational Chart Source: U. S. Department of
State.
Department of State Programs and Activities
Appendi x II
to Combat Terrorism Abroad The Department of State coordinates U. S.
government efforts to combat terrorism abroad. Within the department,
multiple bureaus and offices manage programs and activities to combat
terrorism. State also works with several U. S. and foreign government
agencies in carrying out these programs and activities. Table 2 presents
the programs and activities and the bureaus responsible for managing them.
The table also presents information about some of the U. S. government
agencies with which State
cooperates. Table 2 describes:
the strategic framework of State*s efforts to combat terrorism abroad;
State*s programs and activities to prevent terrorism abroad;
State*s programs and activities to disrupt and destroy terrorist
organizations abroad; and
State*s programs and activities to respond to terrorist incidents
abroad.
Table 2: State Department Programs and Activities to Combat Terrorism
Abroad State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description
of program or activity
STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK Agency head*s role in counterterrorism
Office of the Secretary Directs State The Secretary of State is
responsible for the coordination of all U. S. civilian
Department, the lead departments and agencies that provide
counterterrorism assistance overseas.
U. S. agency for The Secretary also is responsible for the management of
all U. S. bilateral and
counterterrorism multilateral relationships intended to promote activities
to combat terrorism activities abroad abroad.
Since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States, the
Office of the Secretary has made its counterterrorism activities a top
priority. The Office helps manage the U. S. *war on terrorism* by (1)
building the global coalition against terrorism; (2) building diplomatic
support for military operations in Afghanistan and other countries; (3)
helping coordinate intelligence to detect terrorist networks; (4) imposing
economic sanctions to
reduce terrorist financing; (5) supporting international law enforcement
efforts to identify, arrest, and bring terrorists to justice; and (6)
leading multinational efforts through the United Nations and other
organizations to reduce the terrorist threat.
Special agency official or office in charge of counterterrorism
Coordinator for Coordinates all State
Coordinates the U. S. overseas counterterrorism policy and the response to
Counterterrorism (S/ CT) Department international terrorist incidents that
take place outside of U. S. territory. counterterrorism Engages in
bilateral, multilateral, and public diplomacy to deter terrorism
activities and leads U. S. through a policy of making no concessions to
terrorists, prosecuting or
government efforts to extraditing international terrorists, opposing
state- sponsored terrorism, and improve
curbing terrorist resources. counterterrorism cooperation with foreign
Provides the lead in conducting interagency bilateral counterterrorism
governments consultation with about 20 foreign governments and
participates in multilateral negotiations and meetings.
Identifies and develops justification for the U. S. government*s biennial
designation of foreign terrorist organizations. Chairs the Interagency
Working Group on Counterterrorism and the State Department's terrorism
task forces to coordinate responses to major international terrorist
incidents.
Coordinates U. S. counterterrorism research and development, including
consultations and cooperation with selected countries. Each U. S.
ambassador Responsible for the full See below for descriptions of
counterterrorism activities at U. S. missions.
array of counterterrorism activities at each mission
(Continued From Previous Page)
State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
program or activity
Agency plans or strategies to combat terrorism
Office of the Secretary State Department*s The State Department*s 2002
Annual Performance Plan highlights its
Annual Performance counterterrorism objective to *reduce international
terrorist incidents, Plan
especially against the United States.* Key goals are to (1) reduce the
number of attacks, (2) bring terrorists to justice, (3) reduce or
eliminate statesponsored terrorist acts, (4) delegitimize the use of
terror as a political tool, (5) enhance the international response, and
(6) strengthen international cooperation and operational capabilities to
counter terrorism.
U. S. embassies Mission Performance Lists each embassy*s priorities and
includes implementation and budgeting (ambassador) Plan plans. If
counterterrorism activities are an embassy priority, the plan should
include specific goals and actions to counter the threat.
PREVENT TERRORISM ABROAD Military security assistance
Bureau of Political- Military Regional security and Supports the war on
terrorism and Operation Enduring Freedom with security Affairs (PM) arms
controls to assistance programs such as (1) foreign military financing,
(2) foreign military
enhance regional sales, (3) International Military Education and Training,
and (4) peacekeeping stability
operations. For Operation Enduring Freedom, PM stated that arms transfers
and security assistance policies have enhanced cooperation with the states
of the region and influenced operations in Afghanistan. For example, arms
transfers helped enhance security cooperation with such key U. S.
strategic partners as Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and the United Arab
Emirates.
Embassy security
Bureau of Diplomatic Responsible for Manages a broad range of programs to
create and maintain the highest Security (DS) providing a secure
appropriate levels of security possible for more than 50, 000 U. S.
government environment for the
personnel, staff, and dependents who work and live at 260 embassies,
conduct of American consulates, and other missions overseas. DS can
dispatch DS teams to diplomacy worldwide threatened overseas missions. DS
activities include protection of the Secretary of State and other high-
level U. S. government officials on official government business abroad.
At each U. S. mission, the Regional Security Officer (RSO) is responsible
for implementing DS security measures and
coordinating protection with host government authorities. DS Review of
standards and
Develops, evaluates, and applies security standards for a broad range of
risk management categories. These include (1) physical protection for
office and residential buildings, (2) access to communication equipment,
(3) intrusion detection
devices, (4) secure conference rooms, and (5) armored vehicles. These
standards are intended to allow DS to identify and address threats posed
by terrorism, political violence, human intelligence, and technical
intelligence penetration of facilities. DS uses these elements to target
resource allocations to identified threats at each mission or location. DS
is required to provide to the Congress each year a ranking of the U. S.
missions abroad most vulnerable to terrorist attack. These standards also
help target additional
security funding to the highest threat missions, as in the case of
Emergency Security Supplemental and Worldwide Security Upgrade funds to
meet the most pressing security needs.
(Continued From Previous Page)
State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
program or activity
Bureau of Overseas Embassy construction Replaces State Department*s less
secure facilities on an accelerated basis Buildings Operations program
with new, secure embassies and consulates. (OBO)
State has a 5- year Long- Range Overseas Buildings Plan, which includes
both new construction and the major renovation and rehabilitation of
existing facilities.
DS Embassy construction Participates with OBO in developing embassy
security measures. program Develops, with other elements in State, threat
assessments that it uses to
prioritize which U. S. missions are most in need of new, safer embassy
buildings.
DS, OBO Worldwide Security Provides a physically secure environment for
all U. S. government personnel Upgrade Program under the jurisdiction of
the Chief of Mission. DS, through the physical security program,
strengthens building exteriors, lobby entrances, and the walls and fences
around embassies and consulates. Inside an embassy or consulate, closed-
circuit television monitors, explosive- detection devices, walk- through
metal detectors, and hard- line walls and security doors provide
protection. DS and OBO have joint responsibility for this program.
DS Residential security Provides for security upgrades to the residences
of U. S. employees assigned to overseas diplomatic and consular missions.
Prior to occupancy, all newly acquired residential facilities are equipped
with appropriate security features,
such as locks, alarms, shatter- resistant window film, and reinforced
doors, based on the level of the threats to be addressed. DS Overseas
Protection of Implements a comprehensive set of information protection
programs. These Information programs are intended to protect national
security information discussed at
meetings in secure conference rooms or on secure telephones, processed and
stored on computers, and preserved and communicated on paper documents.
This program includes (1) personnel investigations for security
clearances, (2) courier protection for diplomatic pouches, (3)
construction security and access control equipment, (4) U. S. Marine
security guards controlling access to embassies at 130 U. S. missions
overseas, (5) locks for
containers holding classified material, (6) secure conference rooms, (7)
detection and containment of emanations from processing equipment, (8)
counterintelligence investigations and briefings, and (9) computer
security.
DS Surveillance Detection Utilizes plainclothes security agents to provide
surveillance detection Program measures around U. S. embassies,
consulates, and residences of embassy employees. The program is used to
identity suspicious activity, such as terrorists* *casing* of embassy
facilities or personnel, and includes capabilities intended to resolve all
suspicious activity.
DS Local Guard Services Augments host government resources for protecting
overseas diplomatic and consular office facilities and residences of U. S.
government employees and dependents of all agencies under the Chief of
Mission.
DS Overseas Protective Provides light and heavy armor vehicles to protect
embassy personnel. One Vehicles hundred percent of the Chief of Mission
vehicles have been ordered and are in the armoring phase, with 94 percent
delivered to missions.
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State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
program or activity
DS Security Liaison Officers Provides Security Officers to the Department
of Defense*s Unified Command, located at U. S. Central Command, Tampa,
Florida; U. S. European Command, Stuttgart- Vaihingen, Germany; and U. S.
Pacific Command, Honolulu, Hawaii. These officers coordinate with the
Commands on theater threat assessments, contingency planning, and
implementation of Department of State and
Department of Defense agreements on overseas security support.
Warnings to and information- sharing with Americans abroad
Bureau of Consular Affairs Travel warnings, public Ensures that important
threat warnings and security information reach U. S. (CA) announcements,
and
citizens and assets abroad in a timely and effective manner. Consular
Information Sheets
In 2001, CA issued 64 travel warnings, 134 public announcements, and 189
Consular Information Sheets. CA*s Internet Web site received 117. 9
million inquiries, 30.7 million more than in fiscal year 2000. According
to CA data, 90 percent of the users found the information helpful. CA also
held 69 briefings for stakeholder groups, including international student
program participants,
travel agents, and others. CA Warden system for Notifies Americans who
have registered with the U. S. embassy of potential
notifying registered terrorist threats. Warden networks consist of
telephone- calling trees, e- mails, Americans of threats fax systems, and
other systems as appropriate. The warden system covers both U. S. embassy
personnel and other registered Americans. The system usually works by
alerting major employers or compounds with high
concentrations of Americans. It is used for a variety of communications
purposes, from passing out voter information to notifying wardens and
their wards of U. S. embassy evacuations.
DS Overseas Security Provides security support to U. S. businesses and
private- sector organizations Advisory Council worldwide through OSAC. A
joint effort between State and the private sector, (OSAC)
OSAC fosters the exchange of security and threat information and
implementation of security programs and provides a forum to address
security concerns. RSOs coordinate with OSAC headquarters to set up,
develop, and maintain OSACs in country. In approximately 47 countries,
active OSACs coordinate with U. S. embassies.
Law enforcement training (with foreign governments)
DS Antiterrorism Assistance Provides training to approved foreign national
participants in five areas: law (ATA) enforcement, protection of national
leadership, control of borders, protection of critical infrastructure, and
crisis management. ATA has trained 28, 000 foreign national participants
from 124 countries since its inception. DS ATA*s proposed Center
ATA proposes to build the Center for Antiterrorism and Security Training,
a for Antiterrorism and
consolidated facility for training in various antiterrorism disciplines.
Security Training
DS ATA*s Mobile Emergency Provides quick in- country training to allied
nations. Training Team Bureau for International
International Law Provides law enforcement to foreign governments. INL
manages the U. S. Narcotics and Law Enforcement Academy
government*s interagency regional ILEAs (Budapest, Hungary; Bangkok,
Enforcement Affairs (ILEA)
Thailand; Gaborone, Botswana; and Roswell, New Mexico), in conjunction
(INL) with the Departments of the Treasury and Justice, including the FBI.
In fiscal year 2003, INL is scheduled to provide law enforcement training
to 12,000
officials, doubling the number trained in fiscal year 2001.
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State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
program or activity
INL Law enforcement and Provides training and technical assistance to
foreign law enforcement police science personnel to combat crime and
advance U. S. interests in international counterterrorism cooperation. Law
enforcement and police science training is managed and funded by INL and
carried out by the Departments of Justice and the Treasury, among other
federal agencies. The International Criminal Investigative Training
Assistance Program and the Office of Overseas Prosecutorial Development
and Training are examples of these types of
programs. S/ CT, INL Countering terrorist
Provides, with Justice and the Treasury, training and assistance to
foreign financing governments to strengthen their financial and regulatory
regimes, to reduce terrorist financing.
Border security (including visa processing issues)
CA Visas Processes applications for visas from foreign citizens who wish
to visit the United States. CA is to facilitate travel for those eligible
to receive visas and to deny visas to those who are ineligible. A visa is
an application to enter the United States, but it does not guarantee that
a person will be able to enter the United States.
CA Consular Consolidated Supports the antiterrorist task forces since
September 11, 2001. In fiscal year Database 2002, CA searched more than
900 nonimmigrant visa records at the request of federal law enforcement
task forces investigating the terrorist attacks. In addition, Passport
Services provided law enforcement with 305 visa- related records. CA used
facial recognition software to compare the photographs on the visa
applications of the September 11 hijackers in the database against other
visa photographs. According to State, the review found no evidence that
the hijackers had applied for visas using different names.
Bureau of Intelligence and TIPOFF program Manages the TIPOFF program, a
database of sensitive intelligence and law Research (INR) enforcement
information contributed by the CIA, NSA, and FBI. TIPOFF contains
information on some 68,000 suspected terrorists and international
organized crime figures. TIPOFF alerts consular officers at U. S.
embassies and Immigration and Naturalization Service officers at ports of
entry when potential terrorists try to enter the United States. CA/ Visa
Services TIPOFF to impede Uses TIPOFF in the visa program to identify and
stop potential terrorists trying terrorist entry into the to enter the
United States. In fiscal year 2001, CA indicated that there had United
States
been 178 TIPOFF matches for visa applicants; of those, 81 were denied, 14
abandoned their applications, and 4 withdrew their applications. TIPOFF,
used by the Immigration and Naturalization Service, yielded 86 matches
from the terrorism database at ports of entry in fiscal year 2001. Of
these, 38 of the individuals were denied entry, and 1 was arrested.
DS Investigation of visa and Impedes terrorist entry into the United
States. DS investigates more than passport fraud 3, 500 passport and visa
fraud cases annually, resulting in more than 500 arrests each year. A
number of suspects have been linked to terrorism. DS has 450 special
agents in over 160 countries and approximately 700 special
agents assigned throughout the United States. S/ CT Terrorist Interdiction
Enhances border security by providing participating foreign governments
with
Program (TIP) a computerized database that allows border control officials
to identify and detain or track individuals of interest. The TIP is
currently installed in 2 foreign countries, with another 60 countries
under consideration. TIP is scheduled to be installed in up to 5 new
countries per year.
(Continued From Previous Page)
State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
program or activity
Office of the Inspector Investigation of visa and Conducts visa and
passport investigations. OIG conducted several joint General (OIG)
passport fraud investigations with the Immigration and Naturalization
Service in fiscal year
2001. In one case, OIG found that defendants took in $21 million by
defrauding the visa program.
Public Diplomacy
Office of International Build international
Influence international opinion in support of U. S. foreign policy
objectives. Information Programs (IIP) support for U. S. foreign Since the
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, IIP has encouraged policy
international support for the war on terrorism. For example, its
initiatives have generated over 240 newspaper, 100 radio, and 150
television interviews, and over 300 opinion- editorial articles in
newspapers either signed or prepared for ambassadors. Almost 60 U. S.
speakers have traveled abroad on IIP- funded programs addressing September
11th* related issues. U. S. embassies have sponsored over 100 panel
discussions and over 220 speeches on the issue. In addition, Network of
Terrorism, an IIP- produced print and electronic pamphlet, is available in
36 languages, and 1.3 million print copies are in circulation.
DISRUPT AND DESTROY TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS ABROAD Military operations
PM State*s primary liaison Facilitates Defense- State actions concerning
military operations. with Department of Defense
PM Supporting U. S. military Assists in developing and maintaining the
global military coalition against war on terrorism terrorism and serves as
main point of contact for coalition matters.
Assists in negotiating with foreign governments for deployment orders,
requests for coalition forces, fly- over rights, and bed- down rights.
Between September 11, 2001, and the end of January, 2002, PM processed 120
deployment orders and 72 requests for coalition forces in support of
Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. PM Political Advisor to U. S.
PM provides personnel to DOD and the principal military commands to
regional military improve cooperation between State and the U. S.
military. For example, the
commands Political Advisor at the U. S. Central Command provides liaison
services between State, the command, and the representatives of the 31
nations located at U. S. Central Command that provide assets for Operation
Enduring Freedom.
International relations
Office of the Secretary Worldwide diplomatic Military assistance was
offered by 136 countries for the war on terrorism. support for war on
terrorism and Operation
Secured over- flight rights from 89 countries. Enduring Freedom
Secured landing rights for U. S. military aircraft from 76 countries.
Secured NATO support to invoke article V of the NATO charter, which states
that an attack on one is an attack on all.
Developed new U. S. relationships with key countries against terrorism.
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State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
program or activity
U. S. embassies Bilateral diplomatic Implements the above activities of
the Office of the Secretary, in support of the (ambassador) support for
war on
war on terrorism and Operation Enduring Freedom. terrorism and Operation
Enduring Freedom
Bureau of International Works with international Develops and implements
U. S. counterterrorism policy in the United Nations
Organization Affairs (IO) organizations on and other international
organizations, serving as State*s primary liaison. counterterrorism issues
Helped craft and aided in the adoption of United Nations Security Council
Resolution (UNSCR) 1373, obligating all member nations to fight terrorism
and report to the Security Council on their counterterrorism efforts.
Assisted in the creation of a U. N. Counterterrorism Committee to oversee
the implementation of UNSCR 1373. Through bilateral and multilateral
efforts, IO encourages all nations to comply with UNSCR 1373 and has
offered the services of the U. S. government to other nations to aid in
their compliance. Assisted with resolutions extending U. N. sanctions on
(1) al Qaeda and the Taliban, (2) Iraq (including gaining passage of new
*smart sanctions*), (3) Libya, and (4) certain African regimes, including
those whose activities benefit terrorists.
Assisted in the lifting of U. N. sanctions on Sudan, which has cooperated
with the international community and the United States in its war on
terrorism. Aided in the U. N. International Atomic Energy Association*s
reevaluation of its response to the threat of nuclear terrorism.
Assisted in the U. N. International Civil Aviation Organization*s passing
an antiterrorism resolution.
Is working toward U. S. ratification of the final 2 of 12 U. N. terrorism
conventions, and is active in encouraging more nations to become party to
all the U. N. terrorism conventions. S/ CT, INL, and the
Reduce the flow of Blocks terrorism- related financing. S/ CT, with the
concurrence of the Justice Economic Bureau, in money and other
and Treasury Departments, designates foreign terrorist organizations,
coordination with the
material support to individuals, and groups for the purpose of blocking
terrorism- related financing. Department of the terrorists. The Economic
Bureau is responsible for leading the effort to build international
Treasury and other
coalition support to also block these assets. According to State, since
agencies September 11, 2001, the United States has blocked $34. 3 million
in terrorist related assets.
Office of the Legal Advisor Negotiates international
Pursues extradition and mutual legal assistance treaties with foreign (L)
agreements governments and works with the United Nations and with other
nations in
drafting multilateral agreements, treaties, and conventions on
counterterrorism. L Works with Department
Works closely with the Department of Justice*s Office of International
Affairs of Justice on (OIA) on specific cases and on building consensus on
broad international international law counterterrorism and crime issues.
enforcement issues
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State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
program or activity
L Drafts U. S. L works with S/ CT, the Economic Bureau, and the Department
of Justice when counterterrorism- related U. S. legislation is needed to
combat terrorism abroad. legislation
Law enforcement
DS, RSO Law enforcement Cooperates with local intelligence, security, and
law enforcement entities to cooperation track and capture terrorists in
country and to block attempted terrorist attacks on U. S. citizens and U.
S. assets abroad. DS Investigations of terrorist
Conducts investigations of terrorist incidents involving U. S. diplomatic
incidents personnel and other persons under its protection. These
investigations are conducted for the purpose of preventing or deterring
future incidents. DS supports the FBI in its extra- territorial
investigations into the criminal prosecution of the perpetrators.
S/ CT Coordinates State*s role Captures suspected terrorists overseas. In
cases where the United States in negotiating and lacks an extradition
treaty, the U. S. government can capture suspected conducting renditions
terrorists through an overseas arrest called a rendition. S/ CT, in
conjunction with L, the Department of Justice, and other agencies, would
coordinate State*s role in negotiating and conducting these arrests. Since
1993, there have been 10 reported renditions. DS Rewards for Justice
Provides payments for information leading to the arrest and prosecution of
program individuals involved in international terrorism, and for
information that thwarts a terrorist attack. Rewards have been offered for
terrorists involved in the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, the
African embassy bombings, and the
USS Cole bombing. The program awards payments of up to $25 million for
this information. In fiscal year 2001, State spent $113,000 for cases
concerning terrorist acts, $1.7 million for cases concerning narcotics
traffickers, and $14, 000 for cases concerning war crimes.
Intelligence on terrorist groups and threat assessments
INR Intelligence support for Prepares intelligence reports for the
Secretary of State, department officials, Secretary of State and and
ambassadors at U. S. missions. Monitors governmentwide intelligence for U.
S. missions
activities to ensure their compatibility with U. S. counterterrorism
foreign policy objectives. Seeks to expand interagency data sharing on
known terrorist suspects. INR Intelligence Conducted the first public
opinion survey inside Taliban- controlled Afghanistan assessments and
policy to determine public reaction to the Taliban government. Results
were used in guidance
U. S. counterterrorism briefings to State, National Security Council, CIA,
DOD, and U. S. Central Command officials. Conducted *flash surveys*
immediately after September 11, 2001, in Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, the
United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and the Palestinian Authority,
gauging Arab public reaction to the attacks on the United States and
public perceptions of Osama bin Laden for use in policy formulation. INR
Electronic Read- and Provides intelligence products, especially threat
information, to Chiefs of
Burn Pilot Project Mission who could not previously receive this type of
highly classified material. S/ CT Studies terrorist groups Publishes an
unclassified report called Patterns of Global Terrorism, as called
worldwide for under title 22, USC 2656f (a).
(Continued From Previous Page)
State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
program or activity
DS Publishes annual The annual reports, Significant Incidents of Political
Violence against security reports Americans and Terrorist Tactics and
Security Practices: Lessons Learned, and Issues in Global Crime, are
intended to provide a comprehensive picture of the broad spectrum of
political violence and security threats to American citizens and interests
abroad.
DS, RSO Threat and intelligence Interacts with police and intelligence
contacts in other countries. A mission*s assessments RSO is often the
first to recognize, through investigative work, possible
terrorist activities. DS agents frequently are requested to follow up on
leads for other law enforcement agencies not represented at the mission.
Intelligence* information sharing (with foreign governments)
DS, RSO Information sharing and Cooperates with foreign governments and
their law enforcement and security cooperation with host forces in sharing
threat and security information. country governments
Conducts extensive liaison with foreign police and security and
intelligence services, which allows RSOs to assist other U. S. government
law enforcement agencies. Such activities include criminal record checks,
tracing fugitives, interviewing informants and suspects, and processing
extradition requests.
RESPOND TO TERRORIST INCIDENTS ABROAD Crisis and consequence management a
*domestic and abroad
S/ CT Headquarters leadership of Serves as the lead for crisis and
consequence management in directing the
the U. S. government U. S. government response to a terrorist incident
overseas. The S/ CT response to a terrorist coordinator would lead a task
force, working through the State Department
incident overseas Operations Center (discussed below).
State Department Headquarters task force for
State*s Operations Center maintains a 24- hour global watch and crisis
Operations Center coordinating the U. S. management support staff. The
watch is the initial point of contact for posts (S/ SO) government
response to a
experiencing emergency crises, including terrorist attacks. In a crisis,
the terrorist incident overseas
Operations Center would establish a 24- hour task force to coordinate the
flow of communications and instructions between State, other involved
agencies, overseas posts, and foreign governments. This task force would
be led by the S/ CT Coordinator and, in addition to relevant State
Department bureaus, may include other U. S. government agencies with
action responsibilities. U. S. embassies Serves as the U. S. In a given
country, the ambassador would act as the on- scene coordinator in a
(ambassador) government on- scene terrorist incident. The ambassador would
lead the Emergency Action
coordinator for terrorist Committee to manage the response. The ambassador
could request a incidents overseas
Foreign Emergency Support Team (discussed below) for assistance and to
help coordinate the U. S. government*s interagency response. S/ CT Foreign
Emergency In coordination with the NSC, S/ CT would lead an interagency
FEST to assist Support Team (FEST) to
the ambassador and host government to manage a terrorist incident. The
provide on- scene support
FEST is advisory and will not enter the host country unless requested by
the ambassador, with the host country*s permission. The FEST provides the
ambassador a single point of contact to coordinate all U. S. government
onscene support during a terrorist incident. Each FEST is tailored to the
specific incident and can provide guidance on terrorist policy and
incident management, dedicated secure communications, and special
expertise.
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State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
program or activity
DS Special DS teams to assist Deploys its Mobile Support Teams and
Security Support Teams to respond to and investigate crisis increased
threats or critical security needs at U. S. missions in crisis, including
situations
providing special training or draw down/ evacuation assistance. These
teams provide supplemental support to RSOs and stand ready for immediate
deployment to any U. S. mission where conditions require the
reestablishment of a secure environment.
PM Consequence Serves as the lead for consequence management in directing
the U. S. management;
government response to a terrorist incident outside of U. S. territory.
The U. S. Consequence government provides assistance overseas when a U. S.
ambassador has Management Support determined that the host government is
unable to cope with a problem, when Team
the host government seeks U. S. assistance, and when it is in the U. S.
interest to provide such assistance. Provides a standing Consequence
Management Support Team designed to help manage the consequence of a
weapons of mass destruction emergency overseas. The multi- agency team is
tailored to manage the specific
emergency situation or conditions of the host nation. The team coordinates
and facilitates the flow of critical requirements and information
necessary to respond, advise, and assist foreign government and U. S.
decision makers. The team would deploy as an integral part of the FEST
operations and would take the lead for the consequence management
response.
OBO Emergency Response Helps secure embassy grounds and restore
communications following a crisis. Team CA Medical care Assists American
victims with medical care. Also, assists in the process of identifying
victim remains, notifying the next of kin, and shipping home the
remains. CA Liaison with U. S. citizens Provides assistance for Americans
stranded overseas by the closure of U. S. under duress air space.
CA Liaison with foreign Provided assistance to New York City officials
handling the deaths of foreign nationals in the United nationals in the
September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on the World Trade States
Center. Works with the Department of Justice to address foreign embassy
concerns regarding the large number of aliens detained on a variety of
charges as part of the war on terrorism.
Planning and exercises at headquarters and abroad
S/ CT Counterterrorism Manages the interagency exercise program for
combating terrorism overseas, Security Group, and coordinates these
exercises with other departments. The exercise Subgroup on Exercises
program is designed to strengthen the U. S. government*s ability to deal
with terrorist attacks. S/ CT International
Conducts, in conjunction with DOD, exercises with friendly foreign
Counterterrorism governments. These exercises are generally tabletop
simulations with no Exercise Program and
actual physical deployment of troops. Coordinates training programs to
help Training other countries develop and coordinate responses to a
weapons of mass destruction event.
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State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
program or activity
PM Contingency planning Has responsibility for preparing U. S. forces,
foreign governments, and international organizations to manage the
consequences of a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear incident
overseas.
PM Consequence Sponsors consequence management exercises, in conjunction
with other U. S. management exercises government agencies. Exercises can
be directed at select department and agency components* for example,
regional military commands, the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, or partner nations. DS Emergency Planning Serves as a
consolidated source of guidance for overseas missions on how to
Handbook plan for and deal with emergencies abroad. The handbook is used
as the principal reference when a mission prepares its Emergency Action
Plan. U. S. embassies Emergency Action Every foreign service mission is
required to have an Emergency Action Committee (EAC) Committee (EAC). In
organizing for emergency action, the Chief of Mission
establishes an EAC and designates personnel responsible for specific
crisisrelated functions. The EAC is responsible for developing and testing
the mission*s Emergency Action Plan.
U. S. embassies Emergency Action Plan Every foreign service mission
requires an Emergency Action Plan, which is (EAP) written by members of
the EAC and provides mission- specific procedures for responding to
terrorist and other crises. The plan translates worldwide guidance for
dealing with emergencies into a mission- specific action plan.
Foreign Service Institute EAC exercises Trains EAC members in their
emergency action plan using various scenarios. Exercises are designed to
expose mission officials to issues of decisionmaking, contingency
planning, implementation of plans, and interpretation and coordination of
policy.
DCM, RSO EAC/ EAP exercises Tests its EAP to prepare for management of
crises, including terrorist attacks. The EAC at each mission is
responsible for periodic drills, including their preparation, execution,
and evaluation. U. S. embassies Plans and coordinates The Secretary of
State is responsible for the protection and evacuation of U. S.
(ambassador) evacuations and military citizens. In a crisis such as a
terrorist incident, an ambassador can order the noncombatant
evacuation of U. S. government personnel and dependents. The preferred
evacuation operations
method of evacuation is through normal commercial transportation or
commercial charter. However, to assist State in some cases, DOD may
execute military Noncombatant Evacuation Operations. Ambassadors can
request the assistance of the appropriate unified military command to
assist planning such operations. State, and in urgent cases the
ambassador, will make the determination as to when such evacuation plans
should be implemented.
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State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
program or activity
Alternative command centers
Office of the Secretary Alternate operations Transformed State's Alternate
Operations Center from a part- time facility to a center full- time
alternate site to carry out critical State functions.
OBO Alternate operations Maintains an alternate operations center for its
headquarters operations and centers maintains facilities or the ability to
establish alternate operations centers for its overseas U. S. mission
operations.
Post- incident law enforcement investigation
U. S. embassies Point of contact during Serves as the point of contact for
any post- incident law enforcement (ambassador) any investigation
investigation. The ambassador would serve as the official liaison between
the host country government and the U. S. government investigation.
a The response to a terrorist incident involves managing the immediate
crisis as well as its consequences. *Crisis management* involves efforts
to prevent and deter a terrorist attack, protect public health and safety,
arrest terrorists, and gather evidence for criminal prosecution.
*Consequences management* involves efforts to provide medical treatment
and emergency services, evacuate people from dangerous areas, and restore
government services.
Source: Departments of State, Defense, Justice, and the Treasury.
Appendi x II I Comments from the Department of State
Appendi x V I GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments GAO Contact Cheryl
Goodman, (202) 512- 6571 Acknowledgments In addition to the contact named
above, Edward George, Addison Ricks, Steve Caldwell, Mark Pross, James
Lawson, Lori Kmetz, Yolanda Elserwy, Reid Lowe, and Cheryl Weissman made
key contributions to this report. (320138)
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a
GAO United States General Accounting Office
Page i GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism
Contents
Contents
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Appendix I
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Appendix II
Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
Terrorism Abroad
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Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
Terrorism Abroad
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Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
Terrorism Abroad
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Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
Terrorism Abroad
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Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
Terrorism Abroad
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Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
Terrorism Abroad
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Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
Terrorism Abroad
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Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
Terrorism Abroad
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Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
Terrorism Abroad
Page 25 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism
Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
Terrorism Abroad
Page 26 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism
Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
Terrorism Abroad
Page 27 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism
Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
Terrorism Abroad
Page 28 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism
Page 29 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism
Appendix III
Appendix III Comments from the Department of State
Page 30 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism
Page 31 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism
Appendix IV
United States General Accounting Office Washington, D. C. 20548- 0001
Official Business Penalty for Private Use $300
Address Service Requested Presorted Standard
Postage & Fees Paid GAO Permit No. GI00
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