    -------------------------Indexing Terms-------------------------
    REPORTNUM:   GAO-02-1021

    TITLE:     COMBATING TERRORISM: Department of State Programs to Combat
    Terrorism Abroad

    DATE:   09/06/2002

    -----------------------------------------------------------------

    ******************************************************************
    ** This file contains an ASCII representation of the text of a  **
    ** GAO Product.                                                 **
    **                                                              **
    ** No attempt has been made to display graphic images, although **
    ** figure captions are reproduced.  Tables are included, but    **
    ** may not resemble those in the printed version.               **
    **                                                              **
    ** Please see the PDF (Portable Document Format) file, when     **
    ** available, for a complete electronic file of the printed     **
    ** document's contents.                                         **
    **                                                              **
    ******************************************************************
    GAO-02-1021

                                           A

       Report to Congressional Requesters

       September 2002 COMBATING TERRORISM Department of State Programs to Combat
       Terrorism Abroad

       GAO- 02- 1021

       Letter 1 Results in Brief 3 Background 5 Programs and Activities to
       Prevent Terrorism Abroad 6 Programs and Activities to Disrupt and Destroy
       Terrorist Organizations Abroad 9

       Programs and Activities to Respond to Terrorist Incidents Abroad 11
       Activities to Coordinate U. S. Efforts to Combat Terrorism

       Abroad 13 Agency Comments 13

       Appendixes

       Appendix I: Department of State Organizational Chart 15

       Appendix II: Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat Terrori
       sm Abroad 16

       Appendix III: Comments from the Department of State 29

       Appendix IV: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 31 GAO Contact 31
       Acknowledgments 31

       Tables Table 1: State Department Funding to Combat Terrorism Abroad 5
       Table 2: State Department Programs and Activities to Combat Terrorism
       Abroad 17

       Figures Figure 1: Damage from al Qaeda Terrorist Attack, U. S. Embassy,
       Dar- es- Salaam, Tanzania, August 1998 2 Figure 2: Bureau of Diplomatic
       Security Training for Local

       Guards 7 Figure 3: New Security Fence, Gate, and Vehicle Barrier at a U.
       S.

       Embassy 8 Figure 4: Response to al Qaeda Terrorist Attack, U. S. Embassy,
       Nairobi, Kenya, August 1998 11

       Abbreviations

       ATA Antiterrorism Assistance Program CA Bureau of Consular Affairs CIA
       Central Intelligence Agency DOD Department of Defense DS Bureau of
       Diplomatic Security EAC Emergency Action Committee EAP Emergency Action
       Plan FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation FEST Foreign Emergency Support
       Team IIP Office of International Information Programs ILEA International
       Law Enforcement Academy INL Bureau for International Narcotics and Law
       Enforcement Affairs INR Bureau of Intelligence and Research

       IO Bureau of International Organization Affairs L Office of the Legal
       Advisor NSC National Security Council OBO Bureau of Overseas Buildings
       Operations OFDA Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance OSAC Overseas
       Security Advisory Council PM Bureau of Political- Military Affairs RSO
       Regional Security Officer S/ CT Office of the Coordinator for
       Counterterrorism USAID U. S. Agency for International Development

       Lett er

       September 6, 2002 The Honorable Christopher Shays Chairman Subcommittee on
       National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations Committee
       on Government Reform U. S. House of Representatives

       The Honorable Henry J. Hyde Chairman Committee on International Relations
       U. S. House of Representatives

       The Honorable Tom Lantos Ranking Member Committee on International
       Relations U. S. House of Representatives

       Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, efforts to combat
       terrorism have become an increasingly important part of U. S. government
       activities. Such efforts have also become more important in U. S.
       relations with other countries and with international organizations, such
       as the United Nations (U. N.). The U. S. Department of State is charged
       with coordinating these international efforts and protecting Americans
       abroad; its objective is to reduce the number of terrorist attacks,
       especially those on U. S. citizens and interests. While countering
       terrorism has always been a part of State*s role, it took on heightened
       significance in the aftermath of the 1998 al Qaeda terrorist attacks on
       the U. S. embassies in Tanzania and Kenya (see fig. 1). Since the
       September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City and the
       Pentagon in Washington, D. C., State has helped direct the U. S. efforts
       to combat terrorism abroad by building the

       global coalition against terrorism, including providing diplomatic support
       for military operations in Afghanistan and other countries. State has also
       supported international law enforcement efforts to identify, arrest, and

       bring terrorists to justice, as well as performing other activities
       intended to reduce the number of terrorist attacks.

       Figure 1: Damage from al Qaeda Terrorist Attack, U. S. Embassy, Dar- es-
       Salaam, Tanzania, August 1998

       Source: Department of State.

       This report is intended to assist your committees in overseeing the State
       Department*s leadership of U. S. programs to combat terrorism abroad.
       Specifically, this report identifies the State Department*s programs and
       activities intended to (1) prevent terrorist attacks, (2) disrupt and
       destroy terrorist organizations, (3) respond to terrorist incidents, and
       (4) coordinate efforts to combat terrorism. Footnotes to this report
       identify programs and activities managed by the U. S. Agency for
       International

       Development that complement the State Department*s efforts to combat
       terrorism abroad. This report is part of a larger effort that you jointly
       requested to review governmentwide programs to combat terrorism overseas.
       Regarding some of these programs, it is important to recognize that the
       State Department works in conjunction with a number of other federal
       agencies, including the Departments of Defense, Justice, and the Treasury,
       as well as the Central Intelligence Agency. As agreed with your staff, we
       plan to report later this year on governmentwide efforts to combat
       terrorism overseas.

       State*s organizational chart appears in appendix I to this report.
       Detailed information on the State Department*s programs and activities
       appears in appendix II. This information includes State*s framework for
       combating

       terrorism abroad, programs and activities for combating terrorism abroad,
       and responsible bureaus and offices.

       We identified the State Department*s programs and activities for combating
       terrorism by reviewing State documents, such as Congressional Presentation
       Document, FY 2003 and Patterns of Global Terrorism, 1 and

       by conducting interviews with State officials. To identify programs and
       activities provided by other departments and coordinated through State, we
       reviewed documents and interviewed officials from the Departments of
       Defense, Justice, and the Treasury; the Federal Bureau of Investigation
       (FBI) and other law enforcement agencies; and the U. S. Agency for
       International Development (USAID). In addition, we conducted fieldwork

       at the U. S. Embassy in Athens, Greece, to observe programs and activities
       to combat terrorism overseas. At selected regional and functional military
       commands, we met with State Department Political Advisors at the U. S.

       Central Command at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida; the U. S. Southern
       Command in Miami, Florida; and the U. S. European Command in Stuttgart-
       Vaihingen, Germany. In addition, we conducted fieldwork at the
       International Law Enforcement Academy in Budapest, Hungary, to review
       programs to combat terrorism that the State Department manages or funds or
       both. We did not evaluate the effectiveness of these programs. We
       conducted our review from February 2002 through July 2002 in accordance
       with generally accepted government auditing standards.

       Results in Brief The State Department conducts multifaceted activities in
       its effort to prevent terrorist attacks on Americans abroad. For example,
       to protect U. S. officials, property, and information abroad, State
       operates programs that include local guards for U. S. missions, armored
       vehicles for embassy personnel, U. S. Marine security guards to protect
       sensitive information, and plans to evacuate Americans in emergencies. For
       Americans traveling and living abroad, State issues public travel warnings
       and operates warning systems to convey terrorism- related information. For
       U. S. businesses and universities operating overseas, State uses the
       Overseas Security Advisory Councils* voluntary partnerships between the
       State Department and the 1 U. S. Department of State, Congressional
       Presentation Document, FY 2003 (Washington, D. C.: 2002); Patterns of
       Global Terrorism (Washington, D. C.: May 2002).

       U. S. private sector* to exchange threat information. To improve the
       ability of foreign governments to combat terrorism, State funds several
       training programs that operate both in the United States and overseas.

       To disrupt and destroy terrorist organizations abroad, State has numerous
       programs and activities that rely on military, multilateral, economic, law
       enforcement, intelligence, and other capabilities. For example, State*s
       program to enhance military cooperation has resulted in 136 countries*
       offering a range of military assistance for Operation Enduring Freedom in
       Afghanistan. 2 State has supported efforts, through international
       organizations like the United Nations, for the global implementation of
       resolutions and treaties aimed at reducing terrorism. In addition, State
       uses extradition treaties to bring terrorists to trial in the United
       States and

       cooperates with foreign intelligence, security, and law enforcement
       entities to track and capture terrorists in foreign countries. If the
       United States has no extradition agreements with a country, then State,
       with the Department of Justice, can work to obtain the arrest of suspected
       terrorists overseas through renditions. It also provides rewards for
       information leading to the arrest and prosecution of designated terrorists
       or the thwarting of terrorist

       attacks. The State Department leads the U. S. response to terrorist
       incidents abroad. This includes diplomatic measures to protect Americans,
       minimize damage, terminate terrorist attacks, and bring terrorists to
       justice. Once an

       attack has occurred, State*s activities include measures to alleviate
       damage, protect public health, and provide emergency assistance. State
       also coordinates interagency exercises for combating terrorism abroad. In
       addition, State helps foreign governments prepare to respond to an attack

       by conducting multinational training exercises. (A comprehensive
       presentation of the State Department*s programs and activities appears in
       appendix II.)

       To coordinate the U. S. effort to combat terrorism internationally, State
       uses a variety of mechanisms to work with the Departments of Defense,
       Justice, and the Treasury; the intelligence agencies; the Federal Bureau
       of Investigation; and others. These mechanisms include interagency working

       groups at the headquarters level in Washington, D. C.; emergency action 2
       Operation Enduring Freedom is the military campaign that began on October
       7, 2001, against al Qaeda and Taliban forces in Afghanistan and elsewhere.

       committees at U. S. missions overseas; and liaison exchanges with other
       government agencies.

       Background According to the State Department*s 2002 Annual Performance
       Plan, the department*s counterterrorism goals are to reduce the number of
       terrorist

       attacks, bring terrorists to justice, reduce or eliminate state- sponsored
       terrorist acts, delegitimize the use of terror as a political tool,
       enhance the U. S. response to terrorism overseas, and strengthen
       international

       cooperation and operational capabilities to combat terrorism. The
       Secretary of State is responsible for coordinating all U. S. civilian
       departments and agencies that provide counterterrorism assistance
       overseas. The Secretary also is responsible for managing all U. S.
       bilateral and multilateral relationships intended to combat terrorism
       abroad.

       State requested over $2. 3 billion to combat terrorism in fiscal year
       2003. This includes more than $1 billion for overseas embassy security and
       construction, as well as for counterterrorism assistance and training to
       countries cooperating with the global coalition against terrorism. Table 1

       provides a breakdown of State*s funding to combat terrorism.

       Table 1: State Department Funding to Combat Terrorism Abroad

       Dollars in millions

       Fiscal year 2001 Fiscal year 2002

       Emergency Fiscal year 2003 (actual) (enacted) Relief Fund President*s
       budget

       Bureau of Administration $50 $37 $0 $123 Bureau of Overseas 1,035 1, 159
       105 1, 286 Buildings Operations Bureau of Consular

       409 465 0 643 Affairs Bureau of Diplomatic 105 115 48 228

       Security Office of the Coordinator 35 41 50 69 for Counterterrorism Total
       $1,634 $1, 817 $203 $2,349

       Sources: Office of Management and Budget and the Department of State
       (Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism).

       By contrast, State spent about $1. 6 billion in fiscal year 2001 and
       received about $1.8 billion to combat terrorism in fiscal year 2002. State
       received an additional $203 million through the Emergency Response Fund as
       part of the $40 billion appropriated by the Congress in response to the
       September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks against the United States.

       The Office of Management and Budget reported that determining precise
       funding levels associated with activities to combat terrorism is difficult
       because departments may not isolate those activities from other program
       activities. Some activities serve multiple purposes* for example, upgrades
       to embassy security help protect against terrorism as well as other
       crimes.

       Programs and The State Department conducts multifaceted activities in an
       effort to Activities to Prevent

       prevent terrorist attacks on Americans abroad. For example, to protect U.
       S. officials, property, and information abroad, the Bureau of Diplomatic
       Terrorism Abroad Security provides local guards for embassies and armored
       vehicles for embassy personnel (see fig. 2). In addition, it provides
       undercover teams to detect terrorist surveillance activities. Following
       the 1998 embassy bombings in Africa, State upgraded security for all
       missions, which

       included strengthening building exteriors, lobby entrances, and the walls
       and fences at embassy perimeters (see fig. 3). 3 The upgrades also
       included closed- circuit television monitors, explosive detection devices,
       walkthrough metal detectors, and reinforced walls and security doors to
       provide protection inside the embassy. In addition, State plans to replace

       some existing embassies with buildings that meet current security
       standards, such as having a 100- foot setback from streets surrounding
       embassies. State also has programs to protect national security
       information discussed at meetings or stored on computers. These programs
       include U. S. Marine security guards controlling access to embassies,
       efforts to

       prevent foreign intelligence agencies from detecting emanations from
       computer equipment, and computer security programs.

       3 The USAID Office of Security is responsible for ensuring security at all
       USAID facilities that are not colocated with U. S. missions (approximately
       58 of 95, as of January 2002), although it coordinates these security
       arrangements with Diplomatic Security in Washington and with the Regional
       Security Officers in country. Additionally, the Office of Security handles
       USAID building construction issues, coordinating extensively with State*s
       Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations, which constructs buildings for
       USAID*s tenancy, and with Diplomatic Security.

       Figure 2: Bureau of Diplomatic Security Training for Local Guards

       Source: GAO.

       Figure 3: New Security Fence, Gate, and Vehicle Barrier at a U. S. Embassy

       Source: GAO.

       State has several programs to help warn Americans living and traveling
       abroad against potential threats, including those posed by terrorists. For
       example, to warn Americans about travel- related dangers, in fiscal year
       2001 the Bureau of Consular Affairs issued 64 travel warnings, 134 public
       announcements, and 189 consular information sheets. In addition, missions

       employ a *warden system* to warn Americans registered with an embassy of
       threats against their security. The system varies by mission but uses
       telephone, E- mail, fax, and other technologies as appropriate. Finally,
       the Bureau of Diplomatic Security manages the Overseas Security Advisory
       Councils program. The councils are a voluntary, joint effort between State
       and the private sector to exchange threat- and security- related
       information. Councils currently operate in 47 countries.

       In addition, State manages and funds programs to train foreign government
       and law enforcement officials to combat terrorism abroad. These programs
       include the following:

        the Antiterrorism Assistance Program, implemented by the Bureau of
       Diplomatic Security, to enhance the antiterrorism skills of law
       enforcement and security personnel in foreign countries;

        the International Law Enforcement Academies, managed by the Bureau for
       International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, to provide law
       enforcement training in four locations around the world. 4 The Departments
       of State, the Treasury, and Justice* including the Bureau of Diplomatic
       Security, Federal Bureau of Investigation, and other U. S. law enforcement
       agencies* provide the on- site training;

        the Department of Justice's Overseas Prosecutorial Development and
       Assistance Training and the International Criminal Investigation Training
       Assistance Program. The State Department provides policy oversight and
       funds this training, which is intended to build rule- of- law
       institutions, and includes general law enforcement and anticrime training
       for foreign nationals. 5

       Programs and State conducts numerous programs and activities intended to
       disrupt and

       Activities to Disrupt destroy terrorist organizations. These programs and
       activities rely on

       military, multilateral, economic, law enforcement, and other capacities,
       as and Destroy Terrorist the following examples illustrate:

       Organizations Abroad

        The Bureau of Political- Military Affairs coordinates with Department of
       Defense on military cooperation with other countries. It has been State*s
       liaison with the coalition supporting Operation Enduring Freedom,
       processing 72 requests for military assistance from coalition partners
       since September 11, 2001.

        The Bureau of International Organization Affairs helped craft and adopt
       United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373, obligating all member
       nations to fight terrorism and report on their implementation of the
       resolution. It also assisted with resolutions extending U. N. sanctions on
       4 The academies are located in Budapest, Hungary; Bangkok, Thailand;
       Gaborone, Botswana; and Roswell, New Mexico. 5 USAID also supports
       programs to train foreign law enforcement, prosecutors, and judges and to
       assist in rewriting legislation and criminal sentencing guidelines. USAID
       missions and the Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian
       Assistance have rule- of- law and governance programs in about 60 of the
       85 countries where USAID has a presence.

       al Qaeda and the Taliban and on certain African regimes, including those
       whose activities benefit terrorists.

        The Department of State*s Office of the Coordinator for
       Counterterrorism, the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law
       Enforcement, and the Economic Bureau work with the Department of the
       Treasury and other agencies to stem the flow of money and other

       material support to terrorists. According to the State Department, since
       September 11, the United States has blocked $34.3 million in terrorist
       related assets.

        The Office of the Legal Advisor pursues extradition and mutual legal
       assistance treaties with foreign governments. The Office of the Legal
       Advisor also works with the U. N. and with other nations in drafting
       multilateral agreements, treaties, and conventions on counterterrorism.

        The Bureau of Diplomatic Security, working with the Department of
       Justice, cooperates with foreign intelligence, security, and law
       enforcement entities to track and capture terrorists in foreign countries,
       assist in their extradition to the United States, and block attempted
       terrorist attacks on U. S. citizens and assets abroad.

        The Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, in conjunction with
       the Department of Justice and other agencies, coordinates State*s role in
       facilitating the arrest of suspected terrorists through an overseas
       arrest,

       known as a rendition, when the United States lacks an extradition treaty.
        The Bureau of Diplomatic Security manages the Rewards for Justice

       Program. This program offers payment for information leading to the
       prevention of a terrorist attack or the arrest and prosecution of
       designated individuals involved in international terrorism. These rewards
       reach up to $25 million for those involved in the September 11

       attacks.

        The Bureau of Intelligence and Research prepares intelligence and threat
       reports for the Secretary of State, high- level department officials, and
       ambassadors at U. S. missions. It also monitors governmentwide

       intelligence activities to ensure their compatibility with U. S. foreign
       policy objectives related to terrorism, and it seeks to expand the sharing
       of interagency data on known terrorist suspects.

       Programs and The State Department is responsible for leading the U. S.
       response to

       Activities to Respond terrorist incidents abroad. This includes measures
       to protect Americans, minimize incident damage, terminate terrorist
       attacks, and bring terrorists to Terrorist Incidents

       to trial. Once an attack has occurred, State*s activities include measures
       to Abroad alleviate damage, protect public health, and provide emergency
       assistance. The Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism facilitates
       the planning and implementation of the U. S. government response to a
       terrorist incident overseas. In a given country, the ambassador would act
       as the on- scene coordinator for the response effort. (See figure 4.)

       Figure 4: Response to al Qaeda Terrorist Attack, U. S. Embassy, Nairobi,
       Kenya, August 1998

       Source: Department of State.

       In addition, several other bureaus respond to the aftermath of a terrorist
       attack and help friendly governments prepare to respond to an attack by
       conducting joint training exercises.

        The Bureau of Political- Military Affairs is tasked with helping to
       prepare U. S. forces, foreign governments, and international organizations
       to respond to the consequences of a chemical, biological, radiological, or
       nuclear incident overseas. For example, the bureau is developing a
       database of international assets that could be used to respond to the

       consequences of a terrorist attack using weapons of mass destruction. It
       also participates in major interagency international exercises, which are
       led by DOD. In addition, the bureau assisted in the first operational
       deployment of a U. S. consequence management task force, working with the
       DOD regional command responsible for conducting the war in Afghanistan.

        Several bureaus and offices deploy emergency response teams to respond
       to terrorist attacks. For example, the Office of the Coordinator for
       Counterterrorism deploys multi- agency specialists in the Foreign
       Emergency Support Team (FEST) to assist missions in responding to ongoing
       terrorist attacks. For example, at the request of the Ambassador, the FEST
       can be dispatched rapidly to the mission. As one component of this team,
       the Bureau of Political- Military Affairs can deploy a Consequence
       Management Support Team to assist missions in managing the aftermath of
       terrorist attacks. In addition, the Bureau of

       Overseas Buildings Operations Emergency Response Team helps secure embassy
       grounds and restore communications following a crisis. 6 See appendix II
       for a comprehensive list of State*s programs and activities to combat
       terrorism.

       6 USAID assists in the aftermath of a terrorist incident through its
       Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA). OFDA participates with other
       U. S. teams, deploying immediately with the Foreign Emergency Support
       Team. OFDA serves as an Advisor to the U. S. Chief of Mission, helping to
       coordinate the initial response efforts. Because of its relationships and
       formal agreements with both U. S. government agencies and nongovernmental
       organizations, OFDA can provide information on their capacities to assist
       a host nation in managing the consequences of a terrorist incident. OFDA
       is currently providing humanitarian assistance in Kabul, Afghanistan, as
       the United States has reestablished its mission there.

       Activities to The State Department is responsible for coordinating all
       federal agencies* Coordinate U. S. Efforts

       efforts to combat terrorism abroad. These include the Departments of
       Defense, Justice, and the Treasury; the various intelligence agencies; the
       to Combat Terrorism

       FBI and other law enforcement agencies; and USAID. In addition, State
       Abroad

       coordinates U. S. efforts to combat terrorism multilaterally through
       international organizations and bilaterally with foreign nations. State
       uses a variety of methods to coordinate its efforts to combat terrorism
       abroad, including the following:

        In Washington, D. C., State participates in National Security Council
       interagency working groups, issue- specific working groups, and ad hoc
       working groups. For example, the Office of the Coordinator for
       Counterterrorism maintains policy oversight and provides leadership for
       the interagency Technical Support Working Group* a forum that identifies,
       prioritizes, and coordinates interagency and international

       applied research and development needs and requirements to combat
       terrorism.  At U. S. embassies, State implements mission performance
       plans that coordinate embassy activities to combat terrorism, country team

       subgroups on terrorism, emergency action committees to organize embassy
       response to terrorist threats and incidents, and ad hoc working groups.
       For example, selected embassies have country team subgroups dedicated to
       law enforcement matters, chaired by the Deputy Chief of Mission. Working
       with related bureaus and agencies such as the

       Regional Security Office, FBI Legal Attache, and Treasury Department
       Financial Attache, these subgroups coordinate efforts to combat terrorism
       among the various agencies overseas.

        In Washington, D. C., and elsewhere, State exchanges personnel with
       other agencies for liaison purposes. In Washington, D. C., for example,
       State personnel serve as liaisons at the CIA*s Counter- Terrorism Center.
       The department also provides each U. S. regional military command with a
       Political Advisor, who helps the respective commanders coordinate with
       State Department Headquarters and with U. S. embassies on

       regional and bilateral matters, including efforts to combat terrorism.
       Agency Comments We received written comments from the Department of State
       that are reprinted in appendix III. State wrote that the report is a
       *useful guide* and *good outline* of State*s activities and roles in the
       campaign against

       terrorism. State noted that there are many more often intangible and
       hardto- measure actions taking place as part of the department*s
       contribution to fighting terrorism. State also provided technical
       comments, which we incorporated where appropriate.

       We are sending copies of this report to interested congressional
       committees and to the Secretary of State. We will make copies available to
       others on request. In addition, the report will be available at no charge
       on the GAO Web site at http:// www. gao. gov. If you or your staff have
       any questions about this report, please contact me at (202) 512- 4128.
       Another GAO contact and staff acknowledgments are listed in appendix IV of
       this report.

       Jess Ford, Director International Affairs and Trade

       Appendi Appendi xes x I

       Department of State Organizational Chart Source: U. S. Department of
       State.

       Department of State Programs and Activities

       Appendi x II

       to Combat Terrorism Abroad The Department of State coordinates U. S.
       government efforts to combat terrorism abroad. Within the department,
       multiple bureaus and offices manage programs and activities to combat
       terrorism. State also works with several U. S. and foreign government
       agencies in carrying out these programs and activities. Table 2 presents
       the programs and activities and the bureaus responsible for managing them.
       The table also presents information about some of the U. S. government
       agencies with which State

       cooperates. Table 2 describes:

        the strategic framework of State*s efforts to combat terrorism abroad;

        State*s programs and activities to prevent terrorism abroad;

        State*s programs and activities to disrupt and destroy terrorist
       organizations abroad; and

        State*s programs and activities to respond to terrorist incidents
       abroad.

       Table 2: State Department Programs and Activities to Combat Terrorism
       Abroad State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description
       of program or activity

       STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK Agency head*s role in counterterrorism

       Office of the Secretary Directs State The Secretary of State is
       responsible for the coordination of all U. S. civilian

       Department, the lead departments and agencies that provide
       counterterrorism assistance overseas.

       U. S. agency for The Secretary also is responsible for the management of
       all U. S. bilateral and

       counterterrorism multilateral relationships intended to promote activities
       to combat terrorism activities abroad abroad.

       Since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States, the
       Office of the Secretary has made its counterterrorism activities a top
       priority. The Office helps manage the U. S. *war on terrorism* by (1)
       building the global coalition against terrorism; (2) building diplomatic
       support for military operations in Afghanistan and other countries; (3)
       helping coordinate intelligence to detect terrorist networks; (4) imposing
       economic sanctions to

       reduce terrorist financing; (5) supporting international law enforcement
       efforts to identify, arrest, and bring terrorists to justice; and (6)
       leading multinational efforts through the United Nations and other
       organizations to reduce the terrorist threat.

       Special agency official or office in charge of counterterrorism

       Coordinator for Coordinates all State

       Coordinates the U. S. overseas counterterrorism policy and the response to
       Counterterrorism (S/ CT) Department international terrorist incidents that
       take place outside of U. S. territory. counterterrorism Engages in
       bilateral, multilateral, and public diplomacy to deter terrorism
       activities and leads U. S. through a policy of making no concessions to
       terrorists, prosecuting or

       government efforts to extraditing international terrorists, opposing
       state- sponsored terrorism, and improve

       curbing terrorist resources. counterterrorism cooperation with foreign

       Provides the lead in conducting interagency bilateral counterterrorism
       governments consultation with about 20 foreign governments and
       participates in multilateral negotiations and meetings.

       Identifies and develops justification for the U. S. government*s biennial
       designation of foreign terrorist organizations. Chairs the Interagency
       Working Group on Counterterrorism and the State Department's terrorism
       task forces to coordinate responses to major international terrorist
       incidents.

       Coordinates U. S. counterterrorism research and development, including
       consultations and cooperation with selected countries. Each U. S.
       ambassador Responsible for the full See below for descriptions of
       counterterrorism activities at U. S. missions.

       array of counterterrorism activities at each mission

       (Continued From Previous Page)

       State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
       program or activity

       Agency plans or strategies to combat terrorism

       Office of the Secretary State Department*s The State Department*s 2002
       Annual Performance Plan highlights its

       Annual Performance counterterrorism objective to *reduce international
       terrorist incidents, Plan

       especially against the United States.* Key goals are to (1) reduce the
       number of attacks, (2) bring terrorists to justice, (3) reduce or
       eliminate statesponsored terrorist acts, (4) delegitimize the use of
       terror as a political tool, (5) enhance the international response, and
       (6) strengthen international cooperation and operational capabilities to
       counter terrorism.

       U. S. embassies Mission Performance Lists each embassy*s priorities and
       includes implementation and budgeting (ambassador) Plan plans. If
       counterterrorism activities are an embassy priority, the plan should

       include specific goals and actions to counter the threat.

       PREVENT TERRORISM ABROAD Military security assistance

       Bureau of Political- Military Regional security and Supports the war on
       terrorism and Operation Enduring Freedom with security Affairs (PM) arms
       controls to assistance programs such as (1) foreign military financing,
       (2) foreign military

       enhance regional sales, (3) International Military Education and Training,
       and (4) peacekeeping stability

       operations. For Operation Enduring Freedom, PM stated that arms transfers
       and security assistance policies have enhanced cooperation with the states
       of the region and influenced operations in Afghanistan. For example, arms
       transfers helped enhance security cooperation with such key U. S.
       strategic partners as Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and the United Arab
       Emirates.

       Embassy security

       Bureau of Diplomatic Responsible for Manages a broad range of programs to
       create and maintain the highest Security (DS) providing a secure
       appropriate levels of security possible for more than 50, 000 U. S.
       government environment for the

       personnel, staff, and dependents who work and live at 260 embassies,
       conduct of American consulates, and other missions overseas. DS can
       dispatch DS teams to diplomacy worldwide threatened overseas missions. DS
       activities include protection of the Secretary of State and other high-
       level U. S. government officials on official government business abroad.
       At each U. S. mission, the Regional Security Officer (RSO) is responsible
       for implementing DS security measures and

       coordinating protection with host government authorities. DS Review of
       standards and

       Develops, evaluates, and applies security standards for a broad range of
       risk management categories. These include (1) physical protection for
       office and residential buildings, (2) access to communication equipment,
       (3) intrusion detection

       devices, (4) secure conference rooms, and (5) armored vehicles. These
       standards are intended to allow DS to identify and address threats posed
       by terrorism, political violence, human intelligence, and technical
       intelligence penetration of facilities. DS uses these elements to target
       resource allocations to identified threats at each mission or location. DS
       is required to provide to the Congress each year a ranking of the U. S.
       missions abroad most vulnerable to terrorist attack. These standards also
       help target additional

       security funding to the highest threat missions, as in the case of
       Emergency Security Supplemental and Worldwide Security Upgrade funds to
       meet the most pressing security needs.

       (Continued From Previous Page)

       State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
       program or activity

       Bureau of Overseas Embassy construction Replaces State Department*s less
       secure facilities on an accelerated basis Buildings Operations program
       with new, secure embassies and consulates. (OBO)

       State has a 5- year Long- Range Overseas Buildings Plan, which includes
       both new construction and the major renovation and rehabilitation of
       existing facilities.

       DS Embassy construction Participates with OBO in developing embassy
       security measures. program Develops, with other elements in State, threat
       assessments that it uses to

       prioritize which U. S. missions are most in need of new, safer embassy
       buildings.

       DS, OBO Worldwide Security Provides a physically secure environment for
       all U. S. government personnel Upgrade Program under the jurisdiction of
       the Chief of Mission. DS, through the physical security program,
       strengthens building exteriors, lobby entrances, and the walls and fences
       around embassies and consulates. Inside an embassy or consulate, closed-
       circuit television monitors, explosive- detection devices, walk- through
       metal detectors, and hard- line walls and security doors provide
       protection. DS and OBO have joint responsibility for this program.

       DS Residential security Provides for security upgrades to the residences
       of U. S. employees assigned to overseas diplomatic and consular missions.
       Prior to occupancy, all newly acquired residential facilities are equipped
       with appropriate security features,

       such as locks, alarms, shatter- resistant window film, and reinforced
       doors, based on the level of the threats to be addressed. DS Overseas
       Protection of Implements a comprehensive set of information protection
       programs. These Information programs are intended to protect national
       security information discussed at

       meetings in secure conference rooms or on secure telephones, processed and
       stored on computers, and preserved and communicated on paper documents.
       This program includes (1) personnel investigations for security
       clearances, (2) courier protection for diplomatic pouches, (3)
       construction security and access control equipment, (4) U. S. Marine
       security guards controlling access to embassies at 130 U. S. missions
       overseas, (5) locks for

       containers holding classified material, (6) secure conference rooms, (7)
       detection and containment of emanations from processing equipment, (8)
       counterintelligence investigations and briefings, and (9) computer
       security.

       DS Surveillance Detection Utilizes plainclothes security agents to provide
       surveillance detection Program measures around U. S. embassies,
       consulates, and residences of embassy employees. The program is used to
       identity suspicious activity, such as terrorists* *casing* of embassy
       facilities or personnel, and includes capabilities intended to resolve all
       suspicious activity.

       DS Local Guard Services Augments host government resources for protecting
       overseas diplomatic and consular office facilities and residences of U. S.
       government employees and dependents of all agencies under the Chief of
       Mission.

       DS Overseas Protective Provides light and heavy armor vehicles to protect
       embassy personnel. One Vehicles hundred percent of the Chief of Mission
       vehicles have been ordered and are in the armoring phase, with 94 percent
       delivered to missions.

       (Continued From Previous Page)

       State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
       program or activity

       DS Security Liaison Officers Provides Security Officers to the Department
       of Defense*s Unified Command, located at U. S. Central Command, Tampa,
       Florida; U. S. European Command, Stuttgart- Vaihingen, Germany; and U. S.
       Pacific Command, Honolulu, Hawaii. These officers coordinate with the
       Commands on theater threat assessments, contingency planning, and
       implementation of Department of State and

       Department of Defense agreements on overseas security support.

       Warnings to and information- sharing with Americans abroad

       Bureau of Consular Affairs Travel warnings, public Ensures that important
       threat warnings and security information reach U. S. (CA) announcements,
       and

       citizens and assets abroad in a timely and effective manner. Consular
       Information Sheets

       In 2001, CA issued 64 travel warnings, 134 public announcements, and 189
       Consular Information Sheets. CA*s Internet Web site received 117. 9
       million inquiries, 30.7 million more than in fiscal year 2000. According
       to CA data, 90 percent of the users found the information helpful. CA also
       held 69 briefings for stakeholder groups, including international student
       program participants,

       travel agents, and others. CA Warden system for Notifies Americans who
       have registered with the U. S. embassy of potential

       notifying registered terrorist threats. Warden networks consist of
       telephone- calling trees, e- mails, Americans of threats fax systems, and
       other systems as appropriate. The warden system covers both U. S. embassy
       personnel and other registered Americans. The system usually works by
       alerting major employers or compounds with high

       concentrations of Americans. It is used for a variety of communications
       purposes, from passing out voter information to notifying wardens and
       their wards of U. S. embassy evacuations.

       DS Overseas Security Provides security support to U. S. businesses and
       private- sector organizations Advisory Council worldwide through OSAC. A
       joint effort between State and the private sector, (OSAC)

       OSAC fosters the exchange of security and threat information and
       implementation of security programs and provides a forum to address
       security concerns. RSOs coordinate with OSAC headquarters to set up,
       develop, and maintain OSACs in country. In approximately 47 countries,
       active OSACs coordinate with U. S. embassies.

       Law enforcement training (with foreign governments)

       DS Antiterrorism Assistance Provides training to approved foreign national
       participants in five areas: law (ATA) enforcement, protection of national
       leadership, control of borders, protection of critical infrastructure, and
       crisis management. ATA has trained 28, 000 foreign national participants
       from 124 countries since its inception. DS ATA*s proposed Center

       ATA proposes to build the Center for Antiterrorism and Security Training,
       a for Antiterrorism and

       consolidated facility for training in various antiterrorism disciplines.
       Security Training

       DS ATA*s Mobile Emergency Provides quick in- country training to allied
       nations. Training Team Bureau for International

       International Law Provides law enforcement to foreign governments. INL
       manages the U. S. Narcotics and Law Enforcement Academy

       government*s interagency regional ILEAs (Budapest, Hungary; Bangkok,
       Enforcement Affairs (ILEA)

       Thailand; Gaborone, Botswana; and Roswell, New Mexico), in conjunction
       (INL) with the Departments of the Treasury and Justice, including the FBI.
       In fiscal year 2003, INL is scheduled to provide law enforcement training
       to 12,000

       officials, doubling the number trained in fiscal year 2001.

       (Continued From Previous Page)

       State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
       program or activity

       INL Law enforcement and Provides training and technical assistance to
       foreign law enforcement police science personnel to combat crime and
       advance U. S. interests in international counterterrorism cooperation. Law
       enforcement and police science training is managed and funded by INL and
       carried out by the Departments of Justice and the Treasury, among other
       federal agencies. The International Criminal Investigative Training
       Assistance Program and the Office of Overseas Prosecutorial Development
       and Training are examples of these types of

       programs. S/ CT, INL Countering terrorist

       Provides, with Justice and the Treasury, training and assistance to
       foreign financing governments to strengthen their financial and regulatory
       regimes, to reduce terrorist financing.

       Border security (including visa processing issues)

       CA Visas Processes applications for visas from foreign citizens who wish
       to visit the United States. CA is to facilitate travel for those eligible
       to receive visas and to deny visas to those who are ineligible. A visa is
       an application to enter the United States, but it does not guarantee that
       a person will be able to enter the United States.

       CA Consular Consolidated Supports the antiterrorist task forces since
       September 11, 2001. In fiscal year Database 2002, CA searched more than
       900 nonimmigrant visa records at the request of federal law enforcement
       task forces investigating the terrorist attacks. In addition, Passport
       Services provided law enforcement with 305 visa- related records. CA used
       facial recognition software to compare the photographs on the visa
       applications of the September 11 hijackers in the database against other
       visa photographs. According to State, the review found no evidence that
       the hijackers had applied for visas using different names.

       Bureau of Intelligence and TIPOFF program Manages the TIPOFF program, a
       database of sensitive intelligence and law Research (INR) enforcement
       information contributed by the CIA, NSA, and FBI. TIPOFF contains
       information on some 68,000 suspected terrorists and international
       organized crime figures. TIPOFF alerts consular officers at U. S.
       embassies and Immigration and Naturalization Service officers at ports of
       entry when potential terrorists try to enter the United States. CA/ Visa
       Services TIPOFF to impede Uses TIPOFF in the visa program to identify and
       stop potential terrorists trying terrorist entry into the to enter the
       United States. In fiscal year 2001, CA indicated that there had United
       States

       been 178 TIPOFF matches for visa applicants; of those, 81 were denied, 14
       abandoned their applications, and 4 withdrew their applications. TIPOFF,
       used by the Immigration and Naturalization Service, yielded 86 matches
       from the terrorism database at ports of entry in fiscal year 2001. Of
       these, 38 of the individuals were denied entry, and 1 was arrested.

       DS Investigation of visa and Impedes terrorist entry into the United
       States. DS investigates more than passport fraud 3, 500 passport and visa
       fraud cases annually, resulting in more than 500 arrests each year. A
       number of suspects have been linked to terrorism. DS has 450 special
       agents in over 160 countries and approximately 700 special

       agents assigned throughout the United States. S/ CT Terrorist Interdiction
       Enhances border security by providing participating foreign governments
       with

       Program (TIP) a computerized database that allows border control officials
       to identify and detain or track individuals of interest. The TIP is
       currently installed in 2 foreign countries, with another 60 countries
       under consideration. TIP is scheduled to be installed in up to 5 new
       countries per year.

       (Continued From Previous Page)

       State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
       program or activity

       Office of the Inspector Investigation of visa and Conducts visa and
       passport investigations. OIG conducted several joint General (OIG)
       passport fraud investigations with the Immigration and Naturalization
       Service in fiscal year

       2001. In one case, OIG found that defendants took in $21 million by
       defrauding the visa program.

       Public Diplomacy

       Office of International Build international

       Influence international opinion in support of U. S. foreign policy
       objectives. Information Programs (IIP) support for U. S. foreign Since the
       September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, IIP has encouraged policy

       international support for the war on terrorism. For example, its
       initiatives have generated over 240 newspaper, 100 radio, and 150
       television interviews, and over 300 opinion- editorial articles in
       newspapers either signed or prepared for ambassadors. Almost 60 U. S.
       speakers have traveled abroad on IIP- funded programs addressing September
       11th* related issues. U. S. embassies have sponsored over 100 panel
       discussions and over 220 speeches on the issue. In addition, Network of
       Terrorism, an IIP- produced print and electronic pamphlet, is available in
       36 languages, and 1.3 million print copies are in circulation.

       DISRUPT AND DESTROY TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS ABROAD Military operations

       PM State*s primary liaison Facilitates Defense- State actions concerning
       military operations. with Department of Defense

       PM Supporting U. S. military Assists in developing and maintaining the
       global military coalition against war on terrorism terrorism and serves as
       main point of contact for coalition matters.

       Assists in negotiating with foreign governments for deployment orders,
       requests for coalition forces, fly- over rights, and bed- down rights.
       Between September 11, 2001, and the end of January, 2002, PM processed 120
       deployment orders and 72 requests for coalition forces in support of
       Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. PM Political Advisor to U. S.
       PM provides personnel to DOD and the principal military commands to
       regional military improve cooperation between State and the U. S.
       military. For example, the

       commands Political Advisor at the U. S. Central Command provides liaison
       services between State, the command, and the representatives of the 31
       nations located at U. S. Central Command that provide assets for Operation
       Enduring Freedom.

       International relations

       Office of the Secretary Worldwide diplomatic Military assistance was
       offered by 136 countries for the war on terrorism. support for war on
       terrorism and Operation

       Secured over- flight rights from 89 countries. Enduring Freedom

       Secured landing rights for U. S. military aircraft from 76 countries.
       Secured NATO support to invoke article V of the NATO charter, which states
       that an attack on one is an attack on all.

       Developed new U. S. relationships with key countries against terrorism.

       (Continued From Previous Page)

       State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
       program or activity

       U. S. embassies Bilateral diplomatic Implements the above activities of
       the Office of the Secretary, in support of the (ambassador) support for
       war on

       war on terrorism and Operation Enduring Freedom. terrorism and Operation
       Enduring Freedom

       Bureau of International Works with international Develops and implements
       U. S. counterterrorism policy in the United Nations

       Organization Affairs (IO) organizations on and other international
       organizations, serving as State*s primary liaison. counterterrorism issues

       Helped craft and aided in the adoption of United Nations Security Council
       Resolution (UNSCR) 1373, obligating all member nations to fight terrorism
       and report to the Security Council on their counterterrorism efforts.

       Assisted in the creation of a U. N. Counterterrorism Committee to oversee
       the implementation of UNSCR 1373. Through bilateral and multilateral
       efforts, IO encourages all nations to comply with UNSCR 1373 and has
       offered the services of the U. S. government to other nations to aid in
       their compliance. Assisted with resolutions extending U. N. sanctions on
       (1) al Qaeda and the Taliban, (2) Iraq (including gaining passage of new
       *smart sanctions*), (3) Libya, and (4) certain African regimes, including
       those whose activities benefit terrorists.

       Assisted in the lifting of U. N. sanctions on Sudan, which has cooperated
       with the international community and the United States in its war on
       terrorism. Aided in the U. N. International Atomic Energy Association*s
       reevaluation of its response to the threat of nuclear terrorism.

       Assisted in the U. N. International Civil Aviation Organization*s passing
       an antiterrorism resolution.

       Is working toward U. S. ratification of the final 2 of 12 U. N. terrorism
       conventions, and is active in encouraging more nations to become party to
       all the U. N. terrorism conventions. S/ CT, INL, and the

       Reduce the flow of Blocks terrorism- related financing. S/ CT, with the
       concurrence of the Justice Economic Bureau, in money and other

       and Treasury Departments, designates foreign terrorist organizations,
       coordination with the

       material support to individuals, and groups for the purpose of blocking
       terrorism- related financing. Department of the terrorists. The Economic
       Bureau is responsible for leading the effort to build international
       Treasury and other

       coalition support to also block these assets. According to State, since
       agencies September 11, 2001, the United States has blocked $34. 3 million
       in terrorist related assets.

       Office of the Legal Advisor Negotiates international

       Pursues extradition and mutual legal assistance treaties with foreign (L)
       agreements governments and works with the United Nations and with other
       nations in

       drafting multilateral agreements, treaties, and conventions on
       counterterrorism. L Works with Department

       Works closely with the Department of Justice*s Office of International
       Affairs of Justice on (OIA) on specific cases and on building consensus on
       broad international international law counterterrorism and crime issues.
       enforcement issues

       (Continued From Previous Page)

       State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
       program or activity

       L Drafts U. S. L works with S/ CT, the Economic Bureau, and the Department
       of Justice when counterterrorism- related U. S. legislation is needed to
       combat terrorism abroad. legislation

       Law enforcement

       DS, RSO Law enforcement Cooperates with local intelligence, security, and
       law enforcement entities to cooperation track and capture terrorists in
       country and to block attempted terrorist attacks on U. S. citizens and U.
       S. assets abroad. DS Investigations of terrorist

       Conducts investigations of terrorist incidents involving U. S. diplomatic
       incidents personnel and other persons under its protection. These
       investigations are conducted for the purpose of preventing or deterring
       future incidents. DS supports the FBI in its extra- territorial
       investigations into the criminal prosecution of the perpetrators.

       S/ CT Coordinates State*s role Captures suspected terrorists overseas. In
       cases where the United States in negotiating and lacks an extradition
       treaty, the U. S. government can capture suspected conducting renditions

       terrorists through an overseas arrest called a rendition. S/ CT, in
       conjunction with L, the Department of Justice, and other agencies, would
       coordinate State*s role in negotiating and conducting these arrests. Since
       1993, there have been 10 reported renditions. DS Rewards for Justice
       Provides payments for information leading to the arrest and prosecution of

       program individuals involved in international terrorism, and for
       information that thwarts a terrorist attack. Rewards have been offered for
       terrorists involved in the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, the
       African embassy bombings, and the

       USS Cole bombing. The program awards payments of up to $25 million for
       this information. In fiscal year 2001, State spent $113,000 for cases
       concerning terrorist acts, $1.7 million for cases concerning narcotics
       traffickers, and $14, 000 for cases concerning war crimes.

       Intelligence on terrorist groups and threat assessments

       INR Intelligence support for Prepares intelligence reports for the
       Secretary of State, department officials, Secretary of State and and
       ambassadors at U. S. missions. Monitors governmentwide intelligence for U.
       S. missions

       activities to ensure their compatibility with U. S. counterterrorism
       foreign policy objectives. Seeks to expand interagency data sharing on
       known terrorist suspects. INR Intelligence Conducted the first public
       opinion survey inside Taliban- controlled Afghanistan assessments and
       policy to determine public reaction to the Taliban government. Results
       were used in guidance

       U. S. counterterrorism briefings to State, National Security Council, CIA,
       DOD, and U. S. Central Command officials. Conducted *flash surveys*
       immediately after September 11, 2001, in Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, the
       United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and the Palestinian Authority,
       gauging Arab public reaction to the attacks on the United States and
       public perceptions of Osama bin Laden for use in policy formulation. INR
       Electronic Read- and Provides intelligence products, especially threat
       information, to Chiefs of

       Burn Pilot Project Mission who could not previously receive this type of
       highly classified material. S/ CT Studies terrorist groups Publishes an
       unclassified report called Patterns of Global Terrorism, as called

       worldwide for under title 22, USC 2656f (a).

       (Continued From Previous Page)

       State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
       program or activity

       DS Publishes annual The annual reports, Significant Incidents of Political
       Violence against security reports Americans and Terrorist Tactics and
       Security Practices: Lessons Learned, and Issues in Global Crime, are
       intended to provide a comprehensive picture of the broad spectrum of
       political violence and security threats to American citizens and interests
       abroad.

       DS, RSO Threat and intelligence Interacts with police and intelligence
       contacts in other countries. A mission*s assessments RSO is often the
       first to recognize, through investigative work, possible

       terrorist activities. DS agents frequently are requested to follow up on
       leads for other law enforcement agencies not represented at the mission.

       Intelligence* information sharing (with foreign governments)

       DS, RSO Information sharing and Cooperates with foreign governments and
       their law enforcement and security cooperation with host forces in sharing
       threat and security information. country governments

       Conducts extensive liaison with foreign police and security and
       intelligence services, which allows RSOs to assist other U. S. government
       law enforcement agencies. Such activities include criminal record checks,
       tracing fugitives, interviewing informants and suspects, and processing
       extradition requests.

       RESPOND TO TERRORIST INCIDENTS ABROAD Crisis and consequence management a
       *domestic and abroad

       S/ CT Headquarters leadership of Serves as the lead for crisis and
       consequence management in directing the

       the U. S. government U. S. government response to a terrorist incident
       overseas. The S/ CT response to a terrorist coordinator would lead a task
       force, working through the State Department

       incident overseas Operations Center (discussed below).

       State Department Headquarters task force for

       State*s Operations Center maintains a 24- hour global watch and crisis
       Operations Center coordinating the U. S. management support staff. The
       watch is the initial point of contact for posts (S/ SO) government
       response to a

       experiencing emergency crises, including terrorist attacks. In a crisis,
       the terrorist incident overseas

       Operations Center would establish a 24- hour task force to coordinate the
       flow of communications and instructions between State, other involved
       agencies, overseas posts, and foreign governments. This task force would
       be led by the S/ CT Coordinator and, in addition to relevant State
       Department bureaus, may include other U. S. government agencies with
       action responsibilities. U. S. embassies Serves as the U. S. In a given
       country, the ambassador would act as the on- scene coordinator in a
       (ambassador) government on- scene terrorist incident. The ambassador would
       lead the Emergency Action

       coordinator for terrorist Committee to manage the response. The ambassador
       could request a incidents overseas

       Foreign Emergency Support Team (discussed below) for assistance and to
       help coordinate the U. S. government*s interagency response. S/ CT Foreign
       Emergency In coordination with the NSC, S/ CT would lead an interagency
       FEST to assist Support Team (FEST) to

       the ambassador and host government to manage a terrorist incident. The
       provide on- scene support

       FEST is advisory and will not enter the host country unless requested by
       the ambassador, with the host country*s permission. The FEST provides the
       ambassador a single point of contact to coordinate all U. S. government
       onscene support during a terrorist incident. Each FEST is tailored to the
       specific incident and can provide guidance on terrorist policy and
       incident management, dedicated secure communications, and special
       expertise.

       (Continued From Previous Page)

       State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
       program or activity

       DS Special DS teams to assist Deploys its Mobile Support Teams and
       Security Support Teams to respond to and investigate crisis increased
       threats or critical security needs at U. S. missions in crisis, including
       situations

       providing special training or draw down/ evacuation assistance. These
       teams provide supplemental support to RSOs and stand ready for immediate
       deployment to any U. S. mission where conditions require the
       reestablishment of a secure environment.

       PM Consequence Serves as the lead for consequence management in directing
       the U. S. management;

       government response to a terrorist incident outside of U. S. territory.
       The U. S. Consequence government provides assistance overseas when a U. S.
       ambassador has Management Support determined that the host government is
       unable to cope with a problem, when Team

       the host government seeks U. S. assistance, and when it is in the U. S.
       interest to provide such assistance. Provides a standing Consequence
       Management Support Team designed to help manage the consequence of a
       weapons of mass destruction emergency overseas. The multi- agency team is
       tailored to manage the specific

       emergency situation or conditions of the host nation. The team coordinates
       and facilitates the flow of critical requirements and information
       necessary to respond, advise, and assist foreign government and U. S.
       decision makers. The team would deploy as an integral part of the FEST
       operations and would take the lead for the consequence management
       response.

       OBO Emergency Response Helps secure embassy grounds and restore
       communications following a crisis. Team CA Medical care Assists American
       victims with medical care. Also, assists in the process of identifying
       victim remains, notifying the next of kin, and shipping home the

       remains. CA Liaison with U. S. citizens Provides assistance for Americans
       stranded overseas by the closure of U. S. under duress air space.

       CA Liaison with foreign Provided assistance to New York City officials
       handling the deaths of foreign nationals in the United nationals in the
       September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on the World Trade States

       Center. Works with the Department of Justice to address foreign embassy
       concerns regarding the large number of aliens detained on a variety of
       charges as part of the war on terrorism.

       Planning and exercises at headquarters and abroad

       S/ CT Counterterrorism Manages the interagency exercise program for
       combating terrorism overseas, Security Group, and coordinates these
       exercises with other departments. The exercise Subgroup on Exercises

       program is designed to strengthen the U. S. government*s ability to deal
       with terrorist attacks. S/ CT International

       Conducts, in conjunction with DOD, exercises with friendly foreign
       Counterterrorism governments. These exercises are generally tabletop
       simulations with no Exercise Program and

       actual physical deployment of troops. Coordinates training programs to
       help Training other countries develop and coordinate responses to a
       weapons of mass destruction event.

       (Continued From Previous Page)

       State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
       program or activity

       PM Contingency planning Has responsibility for preparing U. S. forces,
       foreign governments, and international organizations to manage the
       consequences of a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear incident
       overseas.

       PM Consequence Sponsors consequence management exercises, in conjunction
       with other U. S. management exercises government agencies. Exercises can
       be directed at select department and agency components* for example,
       regional military commands, the Centers for Disease Control and
       Prevention, or partner nations. DS Emergency Planning Serves as a
       consolidated source of guidance for overseas missions on how to

       Handbook plan for and deal with emergencies abroad. The handbook is used
       as the principal reference when a mission prepares its Emergency Action
       Plan. U. S. embassies Emergency Action Every foreign service mission is
       required to have an Emergency Action Committee (EAC) Committee (EAC). In
       organizing for emergency action, the Chief of Mission

       establishes an EAC and designates personnel responsible for specific
       crisisrelated functions. The EAC is responsible for developing and testing
       the mission*s Emergency Action Plan.

       U. S. embassies Emergency Action Plan Every foreign service mission
       requires an Emergency Action Plan, which is (EAP) written by members of
       the EAC and provides mission- specific procedures for responding to
       terrorist and other crises. The plan translates worldwide guidance for
       dealing with emergencies into a mission- specific action plan.

       Foreign Service Institute EAC exercises Trains EAC members in their
       emergency action plan using various scenarios. Exercises are designed to
       expose mission officials to issues of decisionmaking, contingency
       planning, implementation of plans, and interpretation and coordination of
       policy.

       DCM, RSO EAC/ EAP exercises Tests its EAP to prepare for management of
       crises, including terrorist attacks. The EAC at each mission is
       responsible for periodic drills, including their preparation, execution,
       and evaluation. U. S. embassies Plans and coordinates The Secretary of
       State is responsible for the protection and evacuation of U. S.
       (ambassador) evacuations and military citizens. In a crisis such as a
       terrorist incident, an ambassador can order the noncombatant

       evacuation of U. S. government personnel and dependents. The preferred
       evacuation operations

       method of evacuation is through normal commercial transportation or
       commercial charter. However, to assist State in some cases, DOD may
       execute military Noncombatant Evacuation Operations. Ambassadors can
       request the assistance of the appropriate unified military command to
       assist planning such operations. State, and in urgent cases the
       ambassador, will make the determination as to when such evacuation plans
       should be implemented.

       (Continued From Previous Page)

       State Department office or bureau Program or activity Description of
       program or activity

       Alternative command centers

       Office of the Secretary Alternate operations Transformed State's Alternate
       Operations Center from a part- time facility to a center full- time
       alternate site to carry out critical State functions.

       OBO Alternate operations Maintains an alternate operations center for its
       headquarters operations and centers maintains facilities or the ability to
       establish alternate operations centers for its overseas U. S. mission
       operations.

       Post- incident law enforcement investigation

       U. S. embassies Point of contact during Serves as the point of contact for
       any post- incident law enforcement (ambassador) any investigation
       investigation. The ambassador would serve as the official liaison between
       the host country government and the U. S. government investigation.

       a The response to a terrorist incident involves managing the immediate
       crisis as well as its consequences. *Crisis management* involves efforts
       to prevent and deter a terrorist attack, protect public health and safety,
       arrest terrorists, and gather evidence for criminal prosecution.
       *Consequences management* involves efforts to provide medical treatment
       and emergency services, evacuate people from dangerous areas, and restore
       government services.

       Source: Departments of State, Defense, Justice, and the Treasury.

       Appendi x II I Comments from the Department of State

       Appendi x V I GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments GAO Contact Cheryl
       Goodman, (202) 512- 6571 Acknowledgments In addition to the contact named
       above, Edward George, Addison Ricks, Steve Caldwell, Mark Pross, James
       Lawson, Lori Kmetz, Yolanda Elserwy, Reid Lowe, and Cheryl Weissman made
       key contributions to this report. (320138)

       GAO*s Mission The General Accounting Office, the investigative arm of
       Congress, exists to support Congress in meeting its constitutional
       responsibilities and to help improve the performance and accountability of
       the federal government for the American people. GAO examines the use of
       public funds; evaluates federal programs and

       policies; and provides analyses, recommendations, and other assistance to
       help Congress make informed oversight, policy, and funding decisions.
       GAO*s commitment to good government is reflected in its core values of
       accountability, integrity, and reliability.

       Obtaining Copies of The fastest and easiest way to obtain copies of GAO
       documents at no cost is through the Internet. GAO*s Web site (www. gao.
       gov) contains abstracts and fulltext GAO Reports and

       files of current reports and testimony and an expanding archive of older
       Testimony

       products. The Web site features a search engine to help you locate
       documents using key words and phrases. You can print these documents in
       their entirety, including charts and other graphics.

       Each day, GAO issues a list of newly released reports, testimony, and
       correspondence. GAO posts this list, known as *Today*s Reports,* on its
       Web site daily. The list contains links to the full- text document files.
       To have GAO e- mail this list to you every afternoon, go to www. gao. gov
       and select *Subscribe to daily E- mail alert for newly released products*
       under the GAO Reports heading.

       Order by Mail or Phone The first copy of each printed report is free.
       Additional copies are $2 each. A check or money order should be made out
       to the Superintendent of Documents. GAO also accepts VISA and Mastercard.
       Orders for 100 or more copies mailed to a single address are discounted 25
       percent. Orders should be sent to:

       U. S. General Accounting Office 441 G Street NW, Room LM Washington, D. C.
       20548

       To order by Phone: Voice: (202) 512- 6000 TDD: (202) 512- 2537 Fax: (202)
       512- 6061

       To Report Fraud, Contact: Waste, and Abuse in

       Web site: www. gao. gov/ fraudnet/ fraudnet. htm E- mail: fraudnet@ gao.
       gov

       Federal Programs Automated answering system: (800) 424- 5454 or (202) 512-
       7470

       Public Affairs Jeff Nelligan, managing director, NelliganJ@ gao. gov (202)
       512- 4800 U. S. General Accounting Office, 441 G Street NW, Room 7149

       Washington, D. C. 20548

       a

       GAO United States General Accounting Office

       Page i GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Contents

       Contents

       Page ii GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Page 1 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism United States General Accounting
       Office

       Washington, D. C. 20548 Page 1 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       A

       Page 2 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Page 3 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Page 4 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Page 5 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Page 6 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Page 7 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Page 8 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Page 9 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Page 10 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Page 11 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Page 12 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Page 13 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Page 14 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Page 15 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Appendix I

       Page 16 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Appendix II

       Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
       Terrorism Abroad

       Page 17 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
       Terrorism Abroad

       Page 18 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
       Terrorism Abroad

       Page 19 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
       Terrorism Abroad

       Page 20 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
       Terrorism Abroad

       Page 21 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
       Terrorism Abroad

       Page 22 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
       Terrorism Abroad

       Page 23 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
       Terrorism Abroad

       Page 24 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
       Terrorism Abroad

       Page 25 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
       Terrorism Abroad

       Page 26 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
       Terrorism Abroad

       Page 27 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Appendix II Department of State Programs and Activities to Combat
       Terrorism Abroad

       Page 28 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Page 29 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Appendix III

       Appendix III Comments from the Department of State

       Page 30 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Page 31 GAO- 02- 1021 Combating Terrorism

       Appendix IV

       United States General Accounting Office Washington, D. C. 20548- 0001

       Official Business Penalty for Private Use $300

       Address Service Requested Presorted Standard

       Postage & Fees Paid GAO Permit No. GI00
    *** End of document. ***