TITLE: B-295529.4, Johnson Controls World Services, Inc.--Costs, August 19, 2005
BNUMBER: B-295529.4
DATE: August 19, 2005
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B-295529.4, Johnson Controls World Services, Inc.--Costs, August 19, 2005

   Decision

   Matter of: Johnson Controls World Services, Inc.--Costs

   File: B-295529.4

   Date: August 19, 2005

   David R. Johnson, Esq., Amanda J. Kastello, Esq., and Amy R. Napier, Esq.,
   Vinson & Elkins, for the protester.

   Maj. Gregg A. Engler, Department of the Army, for the agency.

   Ralph O. White, Esq., and Christine S. Melody, Esq., Office of the General
   Counsel, GAO, participated in the preparation of the decision.

   DIGEST

   Protester's request for a recommendation that it be reimbursed the costs
   of filing and pursuing its protest is granted where: (1) the issues raised
   in the initial protest filing clearly identified deficiencies in the
   agency's decision that it was more economical to provide base operations
   support services at Walter Reed Medical Center, in Washington, D.C., than
   to contract for those services; (2) the agency admits that it did not
   investigate the protester's detailed allegations; and (3) the agency
   withheld relevant protest documents until more than 70 days after the
   initial protest filing, when GAO convened a hearing. Under these
   circumstances, the record shows that the agency unduly delayed taking
   corrective action in the face of a clearly meritorious protest, thereby
   causing the protester to expend unnecessary time and resources to make
   further use of the protest process in order to obtain relief.

   DECISION

   Johnson Controls World Services, Inc. (JCWS) requests that we recommend
   that it be reimbursed the costs of filing and pursuing its protests of the
   Department of the Army's decision, made pursuant to Office of Management
   and Budget (OMB) Circular A-76, that it would be more economical to
   provide base operations support services in-house at the Walter Reed
   Medical Center in Washington, D.C., than to contract for those services
   under solicitation No. DADA10-03-R-0001.

   We agree, and recommend that JCWS be reimbursed the reasonable costs of
   filing and pursuing its initial and supplemental protests, including those
   incurred in pursuing this request.

   BACKGROUND

   The facts regarding this procurement are largely set forth in our decision
   dismissing JCWS's protests, Johnson Controls World Servs., Inc.,
   B-295529.2, B-295529.3, June 27, 2005, 2005 CPD para. 124; however, some
   of those facts, and others which are directly relevant to this decision,
   are set forth below.

   After the Army announced its intent to conduct an A-76 cost comparison
   study for Walter Reed, and after it issued a solicitation in 2003 to
   potential private-sector offerors, the agency submitted its plan for
   performing these services in-house to the agency's Independent Review
   Official (IRO), in this case, the Army Audit Agency.[1] An agency's
   proposal for performing services in-house in an A-76 cost comparison study
   is called the Most Efficient Organization (MEO). IRO review is required to
   ensure that the MEO's plan for performance will comply with the
   solicitation's performance work statement. Supplemental Handbook at 12. In
   the event changes to the MEO are needed to meet the requirements of the
   performance work statement, those changes must be made before the IRO can
   certify that the MEO "reasonably establish[es] the Government's ability to
   perform the [performance work statement] within the resources provided by
   the MEO." Id. The IRO first certified the MEO proposal in April 2004.
   Hearing Transcript (Tr.) at 17, 84.

   After certification of the MEO, and after the receipt of proposals from
   private-sector offerors, the agency issued an amendment to the
   solicitation--amendment 16, issued July 23, 2004--that made numerous
   changes to the performance work statement. In September 2004, the MEO was
   reopened so that changes could be made to reflect the changes in work
   incorporated by amendment 16. In the last days of September, shortly
   before the cost comparison was conducted, the MEO was again certified by
   the IRO. Tr. at 44-49, 51-54. On September 29, the date of the cost
   comparison, the MEO was compared to the offer submitted by JCWS, and the
   Army determined that in-house performance of these services would be less
   expensive than having them performed by contract awarded to JCWS. Tr. at
   54.

   After an administrative appeal, and after an earlier protest to our Office
   was rendered academic by agency corrective action, Johnson Controls World
   Servs., Inc., B-295529, Jan. 11, 2005, JCWS filed the initial protest that
   is the subject of this request for costs on March 30, 2005. In its initial
   protest, JCWS argued that the MEO failed to include all of the costs
   required for in-house performance of these services, and that, as a
   result, the IRO's certification of the MEO was unreasonable. Specifically,
   the protest contended that the MEO was not subjected to reasonable
   scrutiny, which allowed its shortcomings to be overlooked by the IRO when
   it certified the MEO. Initial Protest, Mar. 30, 2005, at 3. The protester
   also argued that if the IRO had met its obligations under the Supplemental
   Handbook, the MEO would have been adjusted upwards. Id. at 15.

   After receipt of an agency report, and the protester's comments, our
   Office held a hearing in this matter on June 8-9. The hearing included
   witnesses from the Army Audit Agency, which, as indicated above, was
   serving as the Army's IRO. After the hearing, by letter dated June 15, the
   Army advised our Office that the IRO was withdrawing its certification of
   the MEO package submitted in this cost comparison study. As a result, the
   Army asked that the protest (there was no supplemental protest on June 15)
   be dismissed as academic.[2] On June 27, our Office agreed that the IRO's
   withdrawal of its certification of the MEO rendered the protests academic,
   and the protests were dismissed. One day later, JCWS filed this request
   for reimbursement of its protest costs.

   DISCUSSION

   JCWS asks for reimbursement of its protest costs on the grounds that the
   Army unduly delayed taking corrective action in the face of the company's
   clearly meritorious protest. The Army argues against reimbursement of
   protest costs because, in its view, the corrective action taken was not in
   response to the protest. Instead, the Army contends that its corrective
   action was taken in response to new evidence about apparent problems in
   the certification process that first came to light during the hearing. In
   addition, the Army argues that its response to this new evidence was
   prompt, not unduly delayed, and that the initial protest was not clearly
   meritorious.

   Where a procuring agency takes corrective action in response to a protest,
   our Office may recommend that the agency reimburse the protester its
   protest costs where, based on the circumstances of the case, we determine
   that the agency unduly delayed taking corrective action in the face of a
   clearly meritorious protest, thereby causing the protester to expend
   unnecessary time and resources to make further use of the protest process
   in order to obtain relief. Georgia Power Co.; Savannah Elec. and Power
   Co.--Costs, B-289211.5, B-289211.6, May 2, 2002, 2002 CPD para. 81 at 5. A
   protest is clearly meritorious when a reasonable agency inquiry into the
   protest allegations would show facts disclosing the absence of a
   defensible legal position. Martin Elecs., Inc.--Costs, B-291732.2, Apr.
   22, 2003, 2003 CPD para. 84 at 7. For a protest to be clearly meritorious,
   the issue involved must not be a close question. J.F. Taylor,
   Inc.--Entitlement to Costs, B-266039.3, July 5, 1996, 96-2 CPD para. 5 at
   3. Rather, the record must establish that the agency prejudicially
   violated a procurement statute or regulation. Tri-Ark Indus.,
   Inc.--Declaration of Entitlement, B-274450.2, Oct. 14, 1997, 97-2 CPD
   para. 101 at 3.

   The initial protest filed by JCWS argued that the MEO did not contain
   sufficient staffing levels to meet the requirements of the performance
   work statement. In this regard, JCWS compared the staffing levels of its
   own proposal with some of the lower staffing levels identified in the MEO
   and argued that the MEO had used significantly lower cycle times for
   required tasks to build its staffing estimates. As a result, the protest
   argued that the IRO failed to ensure that the MEO contained sufficient
   staffing to accomplish the required tasks. In furtherance of this
   allegation, the protest requested that the agency provide copies of

   [r]eports, memoranda, or decision documents reflecting or summarizing the
   IRO's findings on any aspect of the evaluation of the MEO, including, but
   not limited to, any documents reflecting the IRO's instructions and
   requests for information concerning the evaluators' recommendations or the
   bases thereof.

   Initial Protest, Mar. 30, 2005, at 17.

   The agency report in response to the JCWS protest was filed on May 2,
   2005. Under our Bid Protest Regulations, 4 C.F.R. sect. 21.3(c) (2005),
   the Army was required to provide a response to the protester's document
   request at least 5 days prior to the filing of the report. Our regulation
   requires that the agency provide to the parties, and to GAO, a list of the
   documents which the agency intends to release to the protester, and a list
   of the documents the agency intends to withhold, together with the reasons
   for the proposed withholding. No such response was provided here.

   One day after receipt of the agency report, the protester filed a
   supplemental request for documents, pursuant to 4 C.F.R. sect. 21.3(g),
   which renewed the request for many of the items identified in the initial
   request. After filings opposing the requests were received from the Army,
   our Office convened a conference call on May 10 to resolve the document
   dispute. During this call, our Office concluded that the Army was required
   to provide to the protester the documents related to the IRO's review of
   the MEO, as requested in the initial protest.[3] The Army provided
   additional documents related to the IRO's review on May 20. These
   documents gave the first glimpse into a debate between the Army Audit
   Agency (acting as IRO) and the MEO regarding the MEO's low staffing
   levels. Even these documents, however, were limited to exchanges prior to
   the first certification of the MEO in April 2004; these documents did not
   reflect exchanges between the Army Audit Agency and MEO prior to the
   recertification of the MEO dated September 28.[4]

   Given the inadequacies of the record in this case, our Office convened a
   two-day hearing on June 8-9. On the first day, the parties and our Office
   had a roundtable discussion of the details of each of the protester's
   allegations; on the second day, analysts from the Army Audit Agency, and a
   representative of the contractor that prepared the MEO for the Army,
   testified about the exchanges that occurred during the IRO review process.
   Late in the evening on June 8--after the roundtable discussion, but before
   the receipt of testimony--the Army provided to JCWS and our Office an
   analysis of certain of the protester's specific challenges that
   acknowledged that certain of the challenges were accurate. For example,
   the analysis acknowledged that the protester was correct in its assertions
   that the MEO failed to include certain work that was added by amendment
   16, and proposed insufficient staffing levels for trimming and edging the
   grounds of the Walter Reed campus. Army Audit Agency Analysis, June 8,
   2005, at 4.

   As part of this review of the protester's challenges--in fact, as part of
   the review of the trimming and edging example cited above--another problem
   with the MEO was noted. Specifically, the analysis advised:

   Under NO circumstances should the original certified MEO proposal
   (frequency and cycle time) be altered once the private sector proposals
   are opened except for the situations allowed by policy such as OMB
   directive. BUT, this is exactly what took place and the IRO did not detect
   the unauthorized changes when the MEO proposal was certified in September
   2004.

   Id. at 4-5 (emphasis in original). In addition--and related to the
   observation quoted above--the Army provided for the first time numerous
   e-mails between Army Audit Agency analysts and other Army officials which
   reflected an internal debate among the Army Audit Agency, the MEO, the
   Army Command conducting the procurement, and Army leadership over the kind
   of changes an MEO is permitted to make in response to an amendment to the
   performance work statement after the private-sector proposal has been
   received in-house and is under review. These e-mails and other documents
   became Exhibit 1 during the June 9 hearing. Tr. at 40.

   On June 9, the Army Audit Agency analyst who prepared the analysis quoted
   above testified that when recertification by an IRO is necessary due to
   changes in the workload (as were made by amendment 16 here), the MEO is
   allowed to change only those parts of its submission related to changes in
   the amendment; this witness (and others), as well as the underlying
   documents provided immediately before the hearing, refer to this policy as
   the "No Tamper Rule." Id. at 18, 20-21, 26, 42, 87-88, 93, 121-24, Hearing
   Exhibit 1. Due to concerns raised during the June 8 roundtable discussion,
   and highlighted in the June 8 analysis, the Army analyst also testified
   that he performed a second analysis later that evening--i.e., the evening
   before his testimony. Specifically, he randomly sampled three pages from
   the MEO as certified in September, compared them to the same three pages
   from the MEO as certified in April, and checked to make sure that any
   changes from one to the other could be explained by the changes to the
   performance work statement found in amendment 16 to the solicitation. His
   small sample found changes that appeared, in his view, to violate the "No
   Tamper Rule." Id. at 96-99. The analyst testified that, as a result of his
   sample, he thought the agency needed to perform a complete analysis of all
   the line items in the MEO to see if the selection decision would be
   overturned if unauthorized changes in the MEO were restored to their
   previously certified levels, and if all work added by amendment 16 was
   accurately reflected in the MEO. Id. at 99. On June 15, as stated above,
   the Army Audit Agency withdrew its certification of the MEO.

   The Army's opposition to JCWS's request for protest costs is based on its
   view that the apparent violations of the "No Tamper Rule" found in the MEO
   by the Army Audit Agency analyst are "new evidence" not related to the
   protest issues here, and that the agency acted promptly once it learned of
   this new evidence. Specifically, the Army contends there was "no nexus"
   between JCWS's protest issues and the concerns of the IRO about the "No
   Tamper Rule." Army Opposition to Protester's Request for Protest Costs,
   July 1, 2005, at 6. For the reasons below, we disagree.

   While the Army correctly notes that the protester did not allege any
   violation of the "No Tamper Rule" in its initial protest filing,[5] the
   protester here has always argued (dating from the agency-level
   administrative challenge) that the MEO is based on unrealistically low
   staffing levels to perform this work, and has argued that the unrealistic
   staffing levels are revealed by reviewing the very low cycle times used to
   calculate those staffing levels. These very low cycle times, as well as
   other changes to the MEO, led the Army's analyst to undertake a review of
   the MEO shortly before the hearing convened by GAO. Specifically, the
   analyst testified that he became curious about the low cycle
   times--especially the very low cycle times for mowing and edging services
   identified by the protester--because they seemed lower than the cycle
   times he remembered from reviewing the MEO during the April 2004
   certification review. Tr. at 91-95.

   The Army's decision to withdraw its certification of the MEO was directly
   related to--and was triggered by--the very issues raised by the protester.
   The low cycle times used to calculate the MEO's lower staffing levels, and
   focused on by the protester in this case from day one, were precisely the
   evidence used by the Army Audit Agency analyst to reach his conclusion
   that the final MEO never received the scrutiny it should have received
   from the IRO. In our view, when the Army's IRO withdrew its certification
   of the MEO, the agency was effectively (albeit not explicitly) conceding
   that the IRO's certification that the MEO could perform the required work
   was either unreasonable, or resulted from a failure to meaningfully review
   the IRO, or both--as JCWS argued in its initial protest filing. Initial
   Protest, Mar. 30, 2005, at 3, 15. Given the intertwined nature of the
   protester's challenges to the staffing levels and the IRO's conclusion
   that it had not properly scrutinized the MEO as required, we conclude that
   the protest was clearly meritorious. See Professional Landscape Mgmt.
   Servs., Inc.--Costs, B-287728.2, Nov. 2, 2001, 2001 CPD para. 180 at 5-6.

   We also think the Army's response to this protest cannot be considered
   prompt. For example, rather than conduct a review of the protester's
   specific allegations, the Army admits that

   [i]n this case, Protester's substantive protest grounds were never fully
   investigated on the merits. Given that Protester's substantive protest
   grounds principally attacked the MEO's cycle times and staffing estimates
   in numerous different [performance work statement] paragraphs, only an
   extremely detailed investigation into each allegation would reveal whether
   the protest was a close call or not.

   Army Opposition to Protester's Request for Protest Costs, July 1, 2005, at
   6. The Army also repeatedly failed to produce the relevant documents
   related to its review that would have brought these matters to light
   earlier in the protest process. In fact, the materials related to the
   final certification of the MEO's proposal were not produced until the
   evening before the hearing, more than 70 days after this protest was
   filed.

   As a final matter, we note that the Army also suggests that the protester
   may not have been prejudiced by the matters it identified in its protest.
   Specifically, the Army argues that "[g]iven that Protester needed to
   overcome a $7.5 million difference in the cost comparison and that the
   merit of the protested cycle times was not reached, Protester cannot claim
   that its protest was clearly meritorious." Army Opposition to Protester's
   Request for Protest Costs, July 1, 2005, at 6. A necessary premise for
   this contention is that the MEO still might ultimately prevail in the cost
   comparison against the protester's proposal once the MEO is revised and
   properly certified. In our view, the ultimate outcome of this cost
   comparison is not relevant to the question of prejudice. The fact that the
   IRO had not properly reviewed the MEO, together with the fact that we do
   not yet know what changes to the MEO may be required, means that,
   regardless of the ultimate outcome, the protester was prejudiced here.[6]
   See Creative Info. Tech., Inc., B-293073.10, Mar. 16, 2005, 2005 CPD
   para. 110 at 9.

   The Army's failure to investigate the substantive grounds of this protest,
   its failure to produce documents when required, and its failure to take
   prompt corrective action in the face of a clearly meritorious protest,
   frustrated the intent of the Competition in Contracting Act of 1984, 31
   U.S.C. sections 3551-3556 (2000), amended by the Ronald W. Reagan National
   Defense Authorization Act for FY 2005, Pub. L. No. 108-375, Section 326,
   118 Stat. 1811 (2004), by impeding the economic and expeditious resolution
   of this protest. LB&M Assocs., Inc.--Entitlement to Costs, B-256053.4,
   Oct. 12, 1994, 94-2 CPD para. 135 at 5. Accordingly, we recommend that the
   protester be reimbursed the reasonable costs of filing and pursuing its
   protests including the cost of pursuing this request, and including the
   cost of attorneys' fees. 4 C.F.R. sect. 21.8(d). The protester should
   submit its certified claim, detailing the time expended and costs
   incurred, directly to the contracting agency within 60 days of receiving
   this decision. 4 C.F.R. sect. 21.8(f)(1).

   The request for a recommendation that the protester be reimbursed the
   reasonable costs of filing and pursuing its protest is granted.

   Anthony H. Gamboa

   General Counsel

   ------------------------

   [1] As explained in our prior decision, this cost comparison study was
   performed under the version of OMB Circular A-76 in effect prior to the
   substantial revisions to the Circular dated May 29, 2003. As a result, the
   cost comparison here was governed by the detailed guidance set forth in
   the OMB Circular A-76 Revised Supplemental Handbook (Mar. 1996)
   (hereinafter, the "Supplemental Handbook").

   [2] On June 16, JCWS supplemented its initial protest to include specific
   information learned during the hearing. Since this supplemental protest
   was filed the day after the agency requested dismissal, the dismissal
   request addressed only the initial protest. The IRO's decision to revoke
   its certification of the MEO rendered academic both the initial and
   supplemental protests.

   [3] As of this date, the only document in the record regarding the IRO's
   review of the MEO was a summary decision document on Army Audit Agency
   letterhead, dated September 28, 2004, less than three pages in length,
   recertifying the MEO after changes were made to address amendment 16 to
   the solicitation. Agency Report, Tab 32. This document contained no
   substantive analysis of the MEO.

   [4] Given that the exchanges related to the IRO's initial certification
   are ultimately not dispositive here, we will not quote them. They are
   quoted at length, however, in the Protester's Comments, filed May 31, at
   pages 13-16 and 40-41.

   [5] The protester had no way to know of the agency's internal debate over
   allowing the MEO to make changes in its staffing levels beyond the scope
   of the changes in amendment 16--i.e., the protester had no way to know
   that any of the MEO's low staffing levels may have been introduced in
   violation of the "No Tamper Rule."

   [6] In fact, there may never be a final cost comparison here. By letter
   dated August 17, JCWS provided our Office with an August 8 letter from the
   Army's Assistant Secretary for Installations and Environment advising that
   "the Army Audit Agency has determined that they are unable to reconstruct
   a basis for the MEO's competitive position to the extent that it could be
   certified. Accordingly, the Army will request approval to cancel the [cost
   comparison] study." Letter from JCWS to GAO, Aug. 17, 2005, at Attach. A.