Compendium of Budget Accounts: Fiscal Year 1999 (Staff Study, 04/01/98,
GAO/AIMD-98-115).

GAO presented a compendium of fiscal year (FY) 1999 budget accounts to
give users a convenient way to: (1) sort through the fiscal structure of
the federal government; and (2) determine the level of budgetary
resources--used, estimated, or requested by fiscal year--for individual
accounts.

GAO noted that: (1) this compendium follows the same organizational
pattern as that used in the budget of the United States Government, FY
1999 appendix; (2) account summaries for the legislative and judicial
branches precede listings for the executive branch, which is organized
alphabetically by major departments and agencies, followed by other
independent agencies; (3) individual accounts are then grouped by major
subordinate organization--usually a bureau, service, or
administration--or by major program area; (4) for each account, GAO
reports gross obligations in millions of nominal dollars; gross
obligations reflect a financial estimate of orders placed, contracts
awarded, services received, and other similar transactions during the
fiscal year; (5) GAO selected gross obligations as the display criterion
because it best describes the relative size of each budget account,
expressed in terms of financial commitments made within a given fiscal
year, without regard to the type of underlying budgetary resource or
when resulting outlays may occur; (6) in addition to the account title
and budgetary data by fiscal year, GAO appended two additional codes to
each account to enhance utility; (7) to provide perspective on mission
and purpose, each account includes a code reflecting the budget function
or subfunction most directly associated with the transactions financed
by that account; a general description of each function is provided at
the beginning of the account listing for each major department and
agency; (8) GAO has coded each account by the cognizant congressional
appropriations subcommittee to clarify the locus of congressional
oversight for the specific budget account; (9) appendix II summarizes
the cognizant congressional committee codes used in this document; and
(10) the general designation authorizing committee is used, either
singularly or in combination with an appropriations subcommittee
designation, for those accounts whose spending authority is provided, in
whole or in part, in laws other than appropriations acts.

--------------------------- Indexing Terms -----------------------------

 REPORTNUM:  AIMD-98-115
     TITLE:  Compendium of Budget Accounts: Fiscal Year 1999
      DATE:  04/01/98
   SUBJECT:  Presidential budgets
             Future budget projections
             Budget obligations
             Appropriation accounts
             Financial management
             Budget authority
             Budget functions
             Budget outlays
             Identification codes
IDENTIFIER:  Social Security Trust Fund
             Postal Service Fund
             
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Cover
================================================================ COVER


Staff Study

April 1998

COMPENDIUM OF BUDGET ACCOUNTS -
FISCAL YEAR 1999

GAO/AIMD-98-115

Compendium of Budget Accounts

(935261)


Abbreviations
=============================================================== ABBREV


PREFACE
============================================================ Chapter 0

Each year the President is required by law to submit a budget to the
Congress.\1 This budget not only presents the President's policy
proposals for the "budget year," in this case fiscal year 1999, but
also congressionally enacted totals for the current year (1998) and
reported actual totals for the previous year (1997).  In effect, the
President's submission analyzes and compiles separate presentations
for hundreds of budget accounts,\2 covering all fiscal activities of
the federal government, including "off-budget"\3

accounts such as the Social Security Trust Funds and the Postal
Service Fund.  It also includes, as submitted, certain accounts which
by law, such as the legislative and judicial branch summaries, or by
practice are not subject to presidential review. 

The President's budget is intended to address many objectives and
meet many information needs; more than two dozen requirements are
currently listed at 31 U.S.C.  1105.  Accordingly, the budget
comprises a wealth of information in a daunting array of schedules,
tables, graphs, and narrative summaries.  The comprehensiveness of
the President's budget submission is its principal strength, but also
creates its most obvious inconvenience--its sheer size and
complexity.  For example, for fiscal year 1999, the President's
budget spanned 5 volumes\4 and over 2,500 pages. 

We developed this compendium to give users a convenient way to sort
through the fiscal structure of the federal government and to
determine the level of budgetary resources--used, estimated, or
requested by fiscal year--for individual accounts. 


--------------------
\1 31 U.S.C.  1104, 1105. 

\2 A "budget account," essentially a separate reporting unit for
budgetary purposes, is defined as (1) an item for which
appropriations are made in any appropriation act and (2) for items
not provided for in appropriation acts, an item for which there is a
designated budget account identification code number in the
President's budget.  (2 U.S.C.  900(c)(11)). 

\3 "Off-budget" activities are those which are excluded from
"on-budget" totals by law. 

\4 The five volumes of the President's Fiscal Year 1999 submission
include (1) the Budget, (2) the Appendix, (3) Analytical
Perspectives, (4) Historical Tables, and (5) A Citizen's Guide to the
Federal Budget.  There are other derivative publications (e.g.,
Budget Information for States) published each year, but these are not
considered component parts of the basic submission. 


   HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:1

This compendium follows the same organizational pattern as that used
in the Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 1999 -
Appendix (the Appendix).  Account summaries for the legislative and
judicial branches precede listings for the executive branch, which is
organized alphabetically by major department and agency, followed by
other independent agencies.  Individual accounts are then grouped by
major subordinate organization--usually a bureau, service, or
administration--or by major program area.  For each account, we
report gross obligations in millions of nominal dollars; gross
obligations reflect a financial estimate of orders placed, contracts
awarded, services received, and other similar transactions during the
fiscal year.  We selected gross obligations as the display criterion
because it best describes the relative size of each budget account,
expressed in terms of financial commitments made within a given
fiscal year, without regard to the type of underlying budgetary
resource or when resulting outlays may occur.\5

In addition to the account title and budgetary data by fiscal year,
we have appended two additional codes to each account to enhance
utility.  First, to provide perspective on mission or purpose, each
account includes a code reflecting the budget function or
subfunction\6 most directly associated with the transactions financed
by that account; a general description of each function is provided
in appendix I and a summary of gross obligations by subfunction is
provided at the beginning of the account listing for each major
department and agency.  Second, we have coded each account by the
cognizant congressional appropriations subcommittee to clarify the
locus of congressional oversight for the specific budget account. 
Appendix II summarizes the cognizant congressional committee codes
used in this document.  The general designation "authorizing
committee" is used, either singularly or in combination with an
appropriations subcommittee designation, for those accounts whose
spending authority is provided, in whole or in part, in laws other
than appropriations acts. 

Table 1 describes the standard format followed for each grouping of
accounts. 



                                Table 1
                
                    Format for Account Presentations

Column heading  Description
--------------  ------------------------------------------------------
Account         The name of the budget account title, as shown in the
(cognizant      Appendix. At the end of each account title the
committee)      cognizant congressional committee code (see appendix
                II) is parenthetically appended. In some cases, a
                given account will include both authorizing and
                appropriations committee codes, indicating joint or
                mixed oversight for some account components.

Acct. ID        Each budget account title is assigned a multi-
                position account identification code developed jointly
                by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the
                Department of the Treasury. For purposes of this
                document, the first two digits, representing the
                agency code, and the second four digits, representing
                the basic account symbol, are sufficient to uniquely
                identify the account.

Func.           Each account is associated with a distinct three-
                digit subfunction code reflecting its activities' most
                important purpose(s). (See appendix I for a
                descriptive listing of the budget functions.) If the
                account is associated with two or more subfunctions,
                the function code is used; if the account is
                associated with two or more functions, the code "999"
                is used.

Act. 1997       In millions of dollars; this represents the actual
                gross obligations for fiscal year 1997 as recorded by
                the agency.

Est. 1998       In millions of dollars; this represents the estimated
                level of gross obligations based on enacted
                appropriations; for indefinite appropriations this
                represents amounts likely to be required.

Req. 1999       In millions of dollars; this represents the estimated
                level of gross obligations based on requested levels
                of budgetary resources. In effect, this represents the
                President's policy proposal for fiscal year 1999.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
For presentation purposes, the Appendix occasionally merges or
consolidates separate accounts under a single account title.  For
example, the National Institutes of Health account title within the
Department of Health and Human Services includes 24 separate budget
accounts (as defined in footnote 2) consolidated into one
presentation in the President's Budget.  Beginning with the fiscal
year 1997 budget submission, financial information in the Appendix
was rounded to the nearest million rather than nearest thousand. 
This decision resulted in numerous account title changes as accounts
below $500,000 were consolidated or merged with larger accounts.\7

Occasionally, users will note that an account title will include no
gross obligations for a given year.  Where this occurs for both 1997
and 1998 and some level of gross obligations is shown as requested
for 1999, this usually indicates a new account proposal by the
President.  If only 1997 shows zero gross obligations, this typically
indicates an activity appropriated for 1998 and proposed to continue
during 1999.  If only 1999 shows zero gross obligations, this usually
indicates that the account title has been merged or consolidated, or
has been or is being proposed for termination. 


--------------------
\5 It should be noted that gross obligations, while useful to
describe account-level transactions, overstate department and
governmentwide totals.  For example, a given account may include
obligations made to another budget account, which may then be
reobligated by the receiving account in the same fiscal year.  Other
selection criteria, such as gross budgetary resources or net outlays,
could mitigate this effect but would also produce a different set of
concerns.  For a discussion of this and other related issues, see
Budget Account Structure:  A Descriptive Overview (GAO/AIMD-95-179,
September 18, 1995). 

\6 The function and subfunction classification system is a way of
grouping budgetary resources according to the national need
addressed.  The Congress uses this system in its concurrent
resolution on the budget to allocate resources among competing needs. 
(See 2 U.S.C.  632.) Each account is generally placed in the single
function or subfunction which best reflects its major purpose,
without regard to agency or organizational distinctions.  For
discussions of this classification system, see Budget Function
Classifications:  Origins, Trends and Implications for Current Uses
(GAO/AIMD-98-67, February 27, 1998) and Budget Issues:  Fiscal Year
1996 Agency Spending by Budget Function (GAO/AIMD-97-95, May 13,
1997). 

\7 For financial management purposes, the Department of the Treasury
assigns a unique account code to each separate appropriation within
an appropriations act.  Because of consolidations and mergers, the
President's submission typically presents a smaller universe of
accounts than that tracked by the Treasury.  In 1996 for example,
Treasury reported about 1,620 accounts on an outlays basis, excluding
divisions due to differing periods of availability; the Appendix
listed about 1,040 accounts on a gross obligations basis. 


-------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:1.1

The account-level data in this compendium were extracted from
automated information collected and maintained by OMB as part of its
process to develop the President's fiscal year 1999 submission.  We
did not independently verify the data reported for each account
although we did reconcile total obligations--for branches,
departments, and agencies and for selected individual accounts--to
published sources.  If additional account-level detail is needed,
users should consult the index to the Appendix for the page number of
the specific account identified in this compendium. 

This document was prepared principally to assist GAO staff members
and other interested researchers in coping with the complexity of the
annual federal budget.  We will also send copies of this document to
interested congressional parties and others on request. 

This compendium of accounts was prepared by John Mingus under the
direction of Michael J.  Curro, Assistant Director.  If there are any
questions, please call (202) 512-9573. 

Paul L.  Posner
Director, Budget Issues
Accounting and Information Management Division


============================================================ Chapter 1


CONTENTS
============================================================ Chapter 2


   PREFACE
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 2:1

1


   COMPENDIUM OF BUDGET ACCOUNTS
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 2:2

8

Legislative Branch 9
Judicial Branch 13
Department of Agriculture 15
Department of Commerce 22
Department of Defense--Military 26
Department of Education 31
Department of Energy 34
Department of Health and Human Services 37
Department of Housing and Urban Development 41
Department of the Interior 44
Department of Justice 50
Department of Labor 54
Department of State 56
Department of Transportation 58
Department of the Treasury 63
Department of Veterans Affairs 68
Corps of Engineers 71
Other Defense Civil Programs 72
Environmental Protection Agency 74
Executive Office of the President 75
Federal Emergency Management Agency 78
General Services Administration 79
International Assistance Programs 80
National Aeronautics and Space Administration 85
National Science Foundation 86
Office of Personnel Management 87
Small Business Administration 88
Social Security Administration 89
Other Independent Agencies 90
Allowances 106
Federal Government Totals 107


   APPENDIX I
   BUDGET FUNCTIONS AND
   SUBFUNCTIONS
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 2:3

108


   APPENDIX II
   CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE CODES
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 2:4

112


   TABLE
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 2:5

Table 1:  Format for Account Presentations 3


COMPENDIUM OF BUDGET ACCOUNTS
============================================================ Chapter 3



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BUDGET FUNCTIONS AND SUBFUNCTIONS
=========================================================== Appendix I

Function     Description                            Subfunction
-----------  -------------------------------------  ----------------------------
National     Common defense and security of the     Department of Defense--
Defense      United States, including raising,      Military (051)
(050)        equipping, and maintaining of armed
             forces; development and utilization    Atomic Energy Defense
             of weapons systems; direct             Activities (053)
             compensation and benefits paid to
             active military and civilian           Defense-related Activities
             personnel; defense research,           (054)
             development, testing, and evaluation;
             and procurement, construction,
             stockpiling, and other activities
             undertaken to directly foster
             national security.

Internation  Maintaining peaceful relations,        International Development
al Affairs   commerce, and travel between the       and Humanitarian Assistance
(150)        United States and the rest of the      (151)
             world and promoting international
             security and economic development      International Security
             abroad.                                Assistance (152)

                                                    Conduct of Foreign Affairs
                                                    (153)

                                                    Foreign Information and
                                                    Exchange Activities (154)

                                                    International Financial
                                                    Programs (155)

General      Resources allocated to science and     General Science and Basic
Science,     research activities of the federal     Research (251)
Space and    government that are not an integral
Technology   part of the programs conducted under   Space Flight, Research, and
(250)        any other function.                    Supporting Activities (252)

Energy       Promoting an adequate supply and       Energy Supply (271)
(270)        appropriate use of energy to serve
             the needs of the economy.              Energy Conservation (272)

                                                    Emergency Energy
                                                    Preparedness (274)

                                                    Energy Information, Policy,
                                                    and Regulation (276)

Natural      Developing, managing, and maintaining  Water Resources (301)
Resources    the nation's natural resources and
and          environment.                           Conservation and Land
Environment                                         Management (302)
(300)
                                                    Recreational Resources
                                                    (303)

                                                    Pollution Control and
                                                    Abatement (304)

                                                    Other Natural Resources
                                                    (306)

Agriculture  Promoting the economic stability of    Farm Income Stabilization
(350)        agriculture and the nation's           (351)
             capability to maintain and increase
             agricultural production.               Agricultural Research and
                                                    Services (352)

Commerce     Promotion and regulation of commerce   Mortgage Credit (371)
and Housing  and the housing credit and deposit
Credit       insurance industries, which pertain    Postal Service (372)
(370)        to collection and dissemination of
             social and economic data (unless they  Deposit Insurance (373)
             are an integral part of another
             function, such as health); general     Other Advancement Of
             purpose subsidies to business,         Commerce (376)
             including credit subsidies to the
             housing industry; and the Postal
             Service fund and general fund
             subsidies of that fund.

Transportat  Providing for the transportation of    Ground Transportation (401)
ion (400)    the general public and/or its
             property, regardless of whether local  Air Transportation (402)
             or national and regardless of the
             particular mode of transportation.     Water Transportation (403)
             Included are construction of
             facilities; purchase of equipment;     Other Transportation (407)
             research, testing, and evaluation;
             provision of communications related
             to transportation; operating
             subsidies for transportation
             facilities and industries; and
             regulatory activities directed
             specifically toward the
             transportation industry rather than
             toward business.

Community    Development of physical facilities or  Community Development (451)
and          financial infrastructures designed to
Regional     promote viable community economies.    Area and Regional
Development                                         Development (452)
(450)
                                                    Disaster Relief and
                                                    Insurance (453)

Education,   Promoting the extension of knowledge   Elementary, Secondary, and
Training,    and skills, enhancing employment and   Vocational Education (501)
Employment,  employment opportunities, protecting
and Social   workplace standards, and providing     Higher Education (502)
Services     services to the needy.
(500)                                               Research and General
                                                    Education Aids (503)

                                                    Training and Employment
                                                    (504)

                                                    Other Labor Services (505)

                                                    Social Services (506)



Health       Programs other than medicare whose     Health Care Services (551)
(550)        basic purpose is to promote physical
             and mental health, including the       Health Research and Training
             prevention of illness and accidents.   (552)

                                                    Consumer and Occupational
                                                    Health and Safety (554)

Medicare     Federal hospital insurance and         Medicare (571)
(570)        federal supplementary medical
             insurance, along with general fund
             subsidies of these funds and
             associated offsetting receipts.

Income       Support payments (including            General Retirement and
Security     associated administrative expenses)    Disability Insurance
(600)        to persons for whom no current         (excluding Social Security)
             service is rendered. Included are      (601)
             retirement, disability, unemployment,
             welfare, and similar programs, except  Federal Employee Retirement
             for social security and income         and Disability (602)
             security for veterans, which are in
             other functions.                       Unemployment Compensation
                                                    (603)

                                                    Housing Assistance (604)

                                                    Food and Nutrition
                                                    Assistance (605)

                                                    Other Income Security (609)

Social       Federal old age and survivors and      Social Security (651)
Security     disability insurance trust funds,
(650)        along with general fund subsidies of
             these funds and associated offsetting
             collections.

Veterans     Programs providing benefits and        Income Security for Veterans
Benefits     services, the eligibility for which    (701)
and          is related to prior military service,
Services     but the financing of which is not an   Veterans Education,
(700)        integral part of the costs of          Training, and Rehabilitation
             national defense.                      (702)

                                                    Hospital and Medical Care
                                                    For Veterans (703)

                                                    Veterans Housing (704)

                                                    Other Veterans Benefits and
                                                    Services (705)

Administrat  Programs to provide judicial           Federal Law Enforcement
ion of       services, police protection, law       Activities (751)
Justice      enforcement (including civil rights),
(750)        rehabilitation and incarceration of    Federal Litigative and
             criminals, and the general             Judicial Activities (752)
             maintenance of domestic order.
                                                    Federal Correctional
                                                    Activities (753)

                                                    Criminal Justice Assistance
                                                    (754)

General      General overhead cost of the federal   Legislative Functions (801)
Government   government, including legislative and
(800)        executive activities; provision of     Executive Direction and
             central fiscal, personnel, and         Management (802)
             property activities; and provision of
             services that cannot reasonably be     Central Fiscal Operations
             classified in any other major          (803)
             function.
                                                    General Property and Records
                                                    Management (804)

                                                    Central Personnel Management
                                                    (805)

                                                    General Purpose Fiscal
                                                    Assistance (806)

                                                    Other General Government
                                                    (808)

                                                    Deductions for Offsetting
                                                    Receipts (809)

Net          Transactions which directly give rise  Interest on the Public Debt
Interest     to interest payments or income         (901)
(900)        (lending) and the general short fall
             or excess of outgo over income         Interest Received by On-
             arising out of fiscal, monetary, and   Budget Trust Funds (902)
             other policy considerations and
             leading to the creation of interest-   Interest Received by Off-
             bearing debt instruments (normally     Budget Trust Funds (903)
             the public debt).
                                                    Other Interest (908)

Undistribut  Offsetting receipts which are not      Employer Share, employee
ed           included as deductions from outlays    retirement (on budget)
Offsetting   in the applicable function or          (951)
Receipts     subfunction, above, and are thus
(950)        "undistributed."                       Employer Share, employee
                                                    retirement (off budget)
                                                    (952)

                                                    Rents and Royalties on the
                                                    Outer Continental Shelf
                                                    (953)

                                                    Sales of Major Assets (954)

                                                    Other Undistributed
                                                    Offsetting Receipts (959)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  Subfunction code 999 is assigned to those budget accounts
whose activities are associated with two or more functions. 


CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE CODES
========================================================== Appendix II

          Congressional Committee
--------  ------------------------------------------------------------
AU        Authorizing Committee

          [Committee on Appropriations]

AR        Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development and Related
          Agencies

CJ        Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, State and the Judiciary

DE        Subcommittee on Defense /National Security

DI        Subcommittee on the District of Columbia

EW        Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development

FA        Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Export Financing and
          Related Agencies

IN        Subcommittee on Interior and Related Agencies

LA        Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and
          Education

LB        Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch

MC        Subcommittee on Military Construction

TR        Subcommittee on Transportation

TY        Subcommittee on Treasury, Postal Service, and General
          Government

VA        Subcommittee on Veterans Affairs, Housing and Urban
          Development, and Independent Agencies
----------------------------------------------------------------------

*** End of document. ***