[Federal Register Volume 91, Number 87 (Wednesday, May 6, 2026)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 24352-24357]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2026-08927]


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DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives

27 CFR Parts 447 and 479

[Docket No. ATF-2026-0332; ATF No. 2020R-03D]
RIN 1140-AA66


Export Control Reform--Conforming References to Department of 
Commerce

AGENCY: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, 
Department of Justice.

ACTION: Direct final rule.

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SUMMARY: The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives 
(``ATF'') is amending Department of Justice (``Department'') 
regulations to make administrative and technical clarifying revisions. 
These revisions add conforming references to the Department of Commerce 
in the relevant processes, and respond to regulatory changes already 
made by the Departments of Commerce and State that have effectively 
divided export and temporary import controls between those two 
agencies. The revisions also make minor technical amendments to 
punctuation for better clarity.

DATES: This direct final rule is effective on July 6, 2026, unless 
significant adverse comments are received by June 5, 2026. If ATF 
receives a significant adverse comment within the stated time that 
warrants revising the rule (as described under the ``Public 
Participation'' heading in the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of 
this regulation at part IV of this preamble), ATF will publish a notice 
in the Federal Register withdrawing the rule before the effective date. 
Commenters should be aware that the https://www.regulations.gov comment 
system will not accept comments after midnight Eastern Time on the last 
day of the comment period.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments, identified by RIN 1140-AA66, by 
either of the following methods--
     Federal e-rulemaking portal: https://www.regulations.gov. 
Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
     Mail: ATF Rulemaking Comments; Mail Stop 6N-518, Office of 
Regulatory Affairs; Enforcement Programs and Services; Bureau of 
Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives; 99 New York Ave. NE, 
Washington, DC 20226; ATTN: ATF RIN 1140-AA66.
    Instructions: All submissions must include the agency name and 
number (RIN 1140-AA66) for this direct final rule. ATF may post all 
properly completed comments it receives from either of the methods 
described above, without change, to the federal e-rulemaking portal, 
https://www.regulations.gov. This includes any personally identifying 
information (``PII'') or business proprietary information (``PROPIN'') 
submitted in the body of the comment or as part of a related attachment 
they want posted. Commenters who submit through the federal e-
rulemaking portal and do not want any of their PII posted on the 
internet should omit it from the body of their comment and any uploaded 
attachments that they want posted. If online commenters wish to submit 
PII with their comment, they should place it in a separate attachment 
and mark it at the top with the marking ``CUI//PRVCY.'' Commenters who 
submit through mail should likewise omit their PII or PROPIN from the 
body of the comment and provide any such information on the cover sheet 
only, marking it at the top as ``CUI//PRVCY'' for PII, or as ``CUI//
PROPIN'' for PROPIN. For detailed instructions on submitting comments 
and additional information on the rulemaking process, see the ``Public 
Participation'' heading of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of 
this document. A summary of this rule may be found at https://www.regulations.gov. Commenters must submit comments by using one of 
the methods described above, not by emailing the address set forth in 
the following paragraph.

[[Page 24353]]


FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Office of Regulatory Affairs, by email 
at [email protected], by mail at Office of Regulatory Affairs; Enforcement 
Programs and Services; Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and 
Explosives; 99 New York Ave. NE, Washington, DC 20226; or by telephone 
at (202) 648-7070 (this is not a toll-free number).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Background

    The Attorney General is responsible for enforcing the National 
Firearms Act (``NFA''), as amended, 26 U.S.C. chapter 53.\1\ Congress 
and the Attorney General have delegated the responsibility for 
administering and enforcing the NFA to the Director of ATF 
(``Director''), subject to the direction of the Attorney General and 
the Deputy Attorney General. See 28 U.S.C. 599A(b)(1), (c)(1); 28 CFR 
0.130(a)(1)-(2); Treas. Order No. 221(2)(a), (d), 37 FR 11696-97 (June 
10, 1972).\2\ Accordingly, the Department and ATF have promulgated 
regulations to implement the NFA in 27 CFR part 479.
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    \1\ Some NFA provisions still refer to the ``Secretary of the 
Treasury.'' However, the Homeland Security Act of 2002, Public Law 
107-296, 116 Stat. 2135, transferred the functions of ATF from the 
Department of the Treasury to the Department of Justice, under the 
general authority of the Attorney General. 26 U.S.C. 7801(a)(2); 28 
U.S.C. 599A(c)(1). Thus, for ease of reference, this direct final 
rule refers to the Attorney General where relevant.
    \2\ In Attorney General Order Number 6353-2025, the Attorney 
General delegated authority to the Director to issue regulations 
pertaining to matters within ATF's jurisdiction, including under the 
NFA, Gun Control Act, and Title XI of the Organized Crime Control 
Act. ATF's jurisdiction also includes the Contraband Cigarette 
Trafficking Act.
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    Through Executive Order 13637, the President delegated authorities 
under the Arms Export Control Act (``AECA'') to the Secretary of State, 
including controls for exporting and temporarily importing defense 
articles and defense services. E.O. 13637, sec. 1(n)(i), 78 FR 16129 
(Mar. 8, 2013). The International Traffic in Arms Regulations 
(``ITAR''), 22 CFR part 120 et seq., implements the Secretary of 
State's delegated AECA authorities and enumerates the defense articles 
and defense services the Secretary of State regulates for export and 
temporary import purposes on the regulatory United States Munitions 
List (``USML'') at 22 CFR 121.1.
    Additionally, the President delegated to the Attorney General 
authority under the AECA to control permanently importing defense 
articles and defense services. See E.O. 13637, sec. 1(n)(ii). In 
exercising that authority, the Attorney General ``shall be guided by 
the views of the Secretary of State on matters affecting world peace, 
and the external security and foreign policy of the United States.'' 
Id. The Attorney General has delegated this AECA permanent import 
control authority to ATF. See 28 CFR 0.130(a)(6)(vi). ATF promulgated 
its AECA regulations at 27 CFR part 447. ATF's AECA regulations include 
the United States Munitions Import List (``USMIL'') at 27 CFR 447.21. 
The USMIL enumerates AECA defense articles and defense services that 
are controlled by the Attorney General for permanent import purposes 
pursuant to the AECA, 22 U.S.C. 2778, and Executive Order 13637. While 
the defense articles and services on the USML under ITAR for export and 
temporary import and the defense articles and services on the USMIL for 
permanent import purposes are separate lists, there is some overlap 
between items listed on the USML and USMIL.
    In 2009, the Export Control Reform initiative (``ECR'') was 
launched to conduct a comprehensive review of the U.S. export control 
system.\3\ As part of ECR regulatory revisions to update the U.S. 
export control system, the Department of State revised, for export and 
temporary import control purposes, the ITAR listing of some defense 
articles and services on the USML, with the effect that those defense 
articles and services became subject to the Department of Commerce's 
Commerce Control List (``CCL'') in the Export Administration 
Regulations (``EAR''), 15 CFR parts 730-774.\4\ This revision was based 
on the Department of State's determination that those defense articles 
and services no longer warrant export and temporary import control 
under the ITAR. As a result of these ECR regulatory changes, which 
became effective in March 2020,\5\ the Department of State and the 
Department of Commerce now have divided jurisdiction over export and 
temporary import controls for items that are also USMIL defense 
articles controlled by ATF for permanent import purposes. Specifically, 
the Department of State now controls for export and temporary import 
purposes those AECA defense articles also appearing on the USMIL that 
are subject to their export and temporary import jurisdiction under the 
ITAR, and the Department of Commerce now controls for export and 
temporary import purposes those AECA defense articles also appearing on 
the USMIL that are subject to their export and temporary import 
jurisdiction under the EAR.
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    \3\ U.S. Army Acquisition Support Center, Export Control Reform: 
An Overview of President Obama's Initiative (Aug 1, 2012), https://asc.army.mil/web/access-export-control-reform-an-overview-of-president-obamas-initiative/ (last visited Jan 4, 2026).
    \4\ See, e.g., Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms 
Regulations: Initial Implementation of Export Control Reform, 78 FR 
22740 (Apr. 16, 2013); Amendment to International Traffic in Arms 
Regulations: Continued Implementation of Export Control Reform, 78 
FR 40922 (Jul. 8, 2013); see also 15 CFR 734.3(b)(1) (excluding from 
EAR ``[i]tems that are exclusively controlled for export or reexport 
by'' the Department of State.'').
    \5\ See International Traffic in Arms Regulations: U.S. 
Munitions List Categories I, II, and III, 85 FR 3819 (Jan. 23, 
2020); Control of Firearms, Guns, Ammunition and Related Articles 
the President Determines No Longer Warrant Control Under the United 
States Munitions List (USML), 85 FR 4136 (Jan. 23, 2020).
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    ATF is therefore amending ATF regulations in this direct final rule 
to add a reference to the Department of Commerce, as appropriate, in 
those regulatory provisions that currently refer only to the Department 
of State.

II. Direct Final Rule

    This direct final rule updates ATF's regulatory provisions by 
adding references to the Department of Commerce in 27 CFR part 447 
(regulations promulgated under the AECA) and 27 CFR part 479 
(regulations promulgated under the NFA) to conform to the Department of 
Commerce's control over certain items as a result of the ECR. More 
specifically, this direct final rule adds references to the Department 
of Commerce in the applicable sections in parts 447 and 479 to refer to 
those transactions that implicate the Department of Commerce's export 
and temporary import jurisdiction.

A. 27 CFR Part 447, Importing Arms, Ammunition, and Defense Articles

    This direct final rule amends the articles-in-transit provision at 
27 CFR 447.46 to add a reference to the Department of Commerce and its 
EAR at 15 CFR 758.10. Articles subject to 27 CFR part 447 import permit 
procedures that are entering the United States only temporarily pending 
removal, and articles temporarily taken out of the United States for 
subsequent return to the United States, are not considered imported or 
exported for part 447 purposes. Those temporary import and temporary 
export transactions are now subject to in transit or temporary export 
procedures of either the Department of State or the Department of 
Commerce. In addition, this rule makes a minor plain writing edit to 
remove the words ``shall be'' and ``will be,'' replacing the first with 
the word ``are.''
    This direct final rule also amends the exemption provisions at 
Sec.  447.53(a)(3) and (b) to add references to the Department of 
Commerce after existing

[[Page 24354]]

references to the Department of State. Section 447.53(a)(3) currently 
states that part 447 provisions do not apply to importing articles 
(other than firearms as defined in 18 U.S.C. 921(a)(3)) manufactured in 
foreign countries for persons in the United States that are subject to 
Department of State approval. ATF is adding ``or Department of 
Commerce'' after ``Department of State'' to conform to the regulatory 
changes made through the ECR such that the exemption applies to 
articles subject to either department's approval. The provision at 27 
CFR 447.53(b) currently states that any person seeking to import USMIL 
defense articles exempt under Sec.  447.53(a) may obtain release of 
such articles from Customs custody by submitting, to the customs 
officer with authority to release, a statement claiming the exemption 
accompanied by satisfactory proof of eligibility. The proof may be in 
the form of a letter from the Department of Defense or State, as the 
case may be, confirming the person has met the exemption conditions. 
This direct final rule replaces ``Department of Defense or State'' with 
``Departments of Defense, State, or Commerce'' in Sec.  447.52(b).
    Additionally, this direct final rule makes technical amendments to 
Sec.  447.53(a)(1)-(3) to change the word ``importation'' to 
``importing'' where it appears in each paragraph, and to Sec.  
447.53(a)(3) to add a missing punctuation mark, specifically to close 
the parenthetical phrase that ends after the citation ``18 U.S.C. 
921(a)(3),'' and to change the term ``Customs'' to the term ``Customs 
and Border Protection'' and its subsequent abbreviation, to conform 
with that agency's preference.

B. 27 CFR Part 479, Machine Guns, Destructive Devices, and Certain 
Other Firearms

    This direct final rule also amends the requirements at Sec.  
479.122(b), on exporting firearms caliber .22 or larger, by adding a 
conforming reference to the Department of Commerce--``other 
authorization from'' in addition to the license requirement--due to 
Department of Commerce practices. In addition, this rule amends the 
requirements (1) by restructuring the last sentence to clarify up front 
that the person must obtain the license or authorization prior to 
exporting, rather than mentioning that at the end as the existing 
regulation does, and (2) by providing the public updated contact 
information for the Department of State and for the Department of 
Commerce regarding export authorizations.
    Finally,\6\ the direct final rule adds to Sec.  479.122(b) a new 
last sentence to simply remind exporters of an existing obligation, 
which is that they should abide by the terms and conditions of the 
applicable exemption or license exemption prior to exporting firearms 
caliber .22 or larger. This sentence reads, ``Any such person should 
also comply with the terms and conditions of an applicable Department 
of State exemption or Department of Commerce license exception prior to 
exporting such firearms.'' As described above, these changes are 
necessary to bring ATF's export control regulations into conformity 
with changes made in March 2020 as a result of the ECR. Those changes 
included a split of Department of State authority over export and 
temporary import controls between the Department of State and the 
Department of Commerce, which now both control export and temporary 
import controls for items that are USMIL defense articles that are also 
controlled by ATF for permanent import purposes.
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    \6\ In addition, ATF is making conforming changes to Sec.  
447.11, Sec.  479.114, and other applicable sections to include the 
Department of Commerce. However, those changes are being made 
through different rulemakings that are also updating other portions 
of the same sections, so are not included in this rule.
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III. Statutory and Executive Order Review

A. Administrative Procedure Act

    Under 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B) of the Administrative Procedure Act 
(``APA''), an agency may forgo notice and comment when the agency for 
good cause finds such procedures impracticable, unnecessary, or 
contrary to the public interest. Agencies may dispense with the APA's 
notice-and-comment requirements as unnecessary in situations in which 
the rule is a routine determination, insignificant in nature and 
impact, and inconsequential to the industry and to the public. Util. 
Solid Waste Activities Grp. v. E.P.A., 236 F.3d 749, 755 (D.C. Cir. 
2001). This formulation is consistent with the explanation of the 
``unnecessary'' prong of the good cause exemption that the Attorney 
General issued contemporaneously to the APA. See Dep't of Justice, 
Attorney General's Manual on the Administrative Procedure Act 31 (1947) 
(explaining that ``unnecessary'' refers to a ``minor rule or amendment 
in which the public is not particularly interested'').
    This rule makes minor technical edits in the applicable sections in 
27 CFR parts 447 and 479 to conform ATF's regulations with regulatory 
changes already implemented by the Departments of State and Commerce to 
divide their agency roles with regard to controlled arms items. The 
rule achieves this primarily by adding references to the Department of 
Commerce and its authorization for exports, plus a minor technical edit 
to restructure a sentence so it is clearer that persons must submit 
applications and comply with the terms of any exception they have 
before exporting.
    ATF does not anticipate controversy or significant comments on 
these changes because the public and industry are well informed of the 
export control reform changes that were initiated several years ago and 
became effective in 2020 as discussed in section I of this preamble. 
The rule simply updates the regulation to reflect that import and 
export controls are now divided between the Departments of State and 
Commerce, as opposed to solely the Department of State. However, ATF is 
nonetheless providing a full opportunity for notice and comment. Prior 
to the effective date of this rule, we will consider any significant 
adverse comments we receive and withdraw the rule, if necessary, to 
address them. Thus, ATF finds, for good cause, that it is unnecessary 
to first publish a notice of proposed rulemaking for this rule.
    In Recommendation 95-4, the Administrative Conference of the United 
States (``ACUS'') endorsed direct final rulemaking as an appropriate 
procedure to expedite promulgation of rules that are not controversial 
and that are not expected to generate significant adverse comment.\7\ 
The direct final rule process allows an agency to issue a rule that it 
believes to be noncontroversial ``without having to go through the 
review process twice . . . while at the same time offering the public 
the opportunity to challenge the agency's view that the rule is 
noncontroversial.'' \8\ ACUS recommended that agencies use the direct 
final rule process when they act under the ``unnecessary'' prong of the 
good cause exemption in 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B). Consistent with this 
recommendation, ATF is making the changes to 27 CFR 447.11, 447.46, 
447.53, 479.114, and 479.122 through a direct final rule because this 
rule makes noncontroversial changes, and ATF does not expect to receive 
any significant adverse comments.
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    \7\ Adoption of Recommendations, 60 FR 43108, 43110 (Aug. 18, 
1995).
    \8\ 60 FR 43110-11.
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    Unless we receive a significant adverse comment that warrants 
revising the rule by June 5, 2026, this rule will become effective on 
July 6, 2026. If any timely significant adverse comments are

[[Page 24355]]

received, ATF will publish a notice in the Federal Register withdrawing 
this direct final rule before its effective date. See section IV.A of 
this preamble on ``Comments sought'' for a description of what is 
considered a significant adverse comment.

B. Executive Orders 12866 and 13563

    Executive Order 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review) directs 
agencies to assess the costs and benefits of available regulatory 
alternatives and, if regulation is necessary, to select regulatory 
approaches that maximize net benefits.
    Executive Order 13563 (Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review) 
emphasizes the importance of agencies quantifying both costs and 
benefits, reducing costs, harmonizing rules, and promoting public 
flexibility.
    This direct final rule adds conforming references to the Department 
of Commerce in the ATF regulations at 27 CFR parts 447 and 479 as 
appropriate and relevant and a minor technical edit to restructure a 
sentence so it is clearer that applications must be submitted before 
exporting.
    The Office of Management and Budget (``OMB'') has determined that 
this rule is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under Executive 
Order 12866. Therefore, it did not review this rule. There are no 
changes in ATF standards or compliance requirements; therefore, ATF 
anticipates no costs or savings for this rule.

C. Executive Order 14192

    Executive Order 14192 (Unleashing Prosperity Through Deregulation) 
requires an agency, unless prohibited by law, to identify at least ten 
existing regulations to be repealed or revised when the agency publicly 
proposes for notice-and-comment or otherwise promulgates a new 
regulation that qualifies as an Executive Order 14192 regulatory action 
(defined in OMB Memorandum M-25-20 as a final significant regulatory 
action under section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866 that imposes total 
costs greater than zero). In furtherance of this requirement, section 
3(c) of Executive Order 14192 requires that any new incremental costs 
associated with such new regulations must, to the extent permitted by 
law, also be offset by eliminating existing costs associated with at 
least ten prior regulations. However, this direct final rule is not an 
Executive Order 14192 regulatory action because it is not a significant 
regulatory action as defined by Executive Order 12866 and it does not 
impose total costs greater than zero.

D. Executive Order 14294

    Executive Order 14294 (Fighting Overcriminalization in Federal 
Regulations) requires agencies promulgating regulations with criminal 
regulatory offenses potentially subject to criminal enforcement to 
explicitly describe the conduct subject to criminal enforcement, the 
authorizing statutes, and the mens rea standard applicable to each 
element of those offenses. This rule does not create a criminal 
regulatory offense and is thus exempt from Executive Order 14294 
requirements.

E. Executive Order 13132

    This regulation will not have substantial direct effects on the 
states, on the relationship between the federal government and the 
states, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the 
various levels of government. Therefore, in accordance with section 6 
of Executive Order 13132 (Federalism), the Director has determined that 
this regulation does not impose substantial direct compliance costs on 
state and local governments, preempt state law, or meaningfully 
implicate federalism. It thus does not warrant preparing a federalism 
summary impact statement.

F. Executive Order 12988

    This regulation meets the applicable standards set forth in 
subsections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of Executive Order 12988 (Civil Justice 
Reform).

G. Regulatory Flexibility Act

    Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (``RFA''), 5 U.S.C. 601-612, 
agencies are required to conduct a regulatory flexibility analysis of 
any rule subject to notice-and-comment rulemaking requirements unless 
the agency head certifies, including a statement of the factual basis, 
that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities. Small entities include certain 
small businesses, small not-for-profit organizations that are 
independently owned and operated and are not dominant in their fields, 
and governmental jurisdictions with populations of less than 50,000.
    This rule simply adds references to the Department of Commerce in 
27 CFR part 447 and part 479 to reflect the Department of Commerce's 
control over certain items as a result of the ECR and to refer to those 
transactions that implicate the Department of Commerce's export and 
temporary import jurisdiction. It also restructures a sentence to make 
it more understandable in plain language of an existing obligation that 
the public already complies with. The Director therefore certifies that 
this rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial 
number of small entities as it imposes no additional costs.

H. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

    This direct final rule does not include a federal mandate that will 
result in the expenditure by state, local, and tribal governments, in 
the aggregate, or by the private sector, of $100 million or more in any 
one year (as adjusted for inflation), and it will not significantly or 
uniquely affect small governments.
    Therefore, the ATF has determined that no actions are necessary 
under the provisions of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995.

I. Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995

    Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (``PRA''), 44 U.S.C. 
3501-3521, agencies are required to submit to OMB, for review and 
approval, any information collection requirements a rule creates or any 
impacts it has on existing information collections. An information 
collection includes any reporting, record-keeping, monitoring, posting, 
labeling, or other similar actions an agency requires of the public. 
See 5 CFR 1320.3(c). This direct final rule does not create any new 
information collection requirements or impact any existing ones covered 
by the PRA.

J. Congressional Review Act

    This rule would not be a major rule as defined by the Congressional 
Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 804.

IV. Public Participation

A. Comments Sought

    ATF requests comments on this direct final rule from all interested 
persons. Pertinent to this direct final rule, a significant adverse 
comment is a comment where the commenter explains why the rule would be 
inappropriate, including by identifying challenges to the rule's 
underlying premise or approach, or would be ineffective or unacceptable 
without a change. A comment is significant in the following 
circumstances:
    (1) The comment opposes ATF's assessment regarding the non-
controversial nature of the rule and provides a reason sufficient to 
require a substantive response in a notice-and-comment process. For 
example, a substantive response may be required when:
    (a) The comment causes ATF to reconsider its position or conduct 
additional analysis;

[[Page 24356]]

    (b) The comment raises an issue serious enough to warrant a 
substantive response to clarify or complete the record; or
    (c) The comment raises a relevant issue that was not previously 
addressed or considered by ATF.
    (2) The comment proposes a salient change or an addition to the 
rule, and it is apparent that the rule would be ineffective or 
unacceptable without incorporation of the change or addition; or
    (3) The comment causes ATF to make a change (other than editorial 
or administrative changes) to the rule.
    All comments must reference this document's RIN 1140-AA66 and, if 
handwritten, must be legible. If submitting by mail, you must also 
include your complete first and last name and contact information. If 
submitting a comment through the federal e-rulemaking portal, as 
described in section IV.C of this preamble, you should carefully review 
and follow the website's instructions on submitting comments. Whether 
you submit comments online or by mail, ATF will post them online. If 
submitting online as an individual, any information you provide in the 
online fields for city, state, zip code, and phone will not be publicly 
viewable when ATF publishes the comment on https://www.regulations.gov. 
However, if you include such personally identifying information 
(``PII'') in the body of your online comment, it may be posted and 
viewable online. Similarly, if you submit a written comment with PII in 
the body of the comment, it may be posted and viewable online. 
Therefore, all commenters should review section IV.B of this preamble, 
``Confidentiality,'' regarding how to submit PII if you do not want it 
published online. ATF may not consider, or respond to, comments that do 
not meet these requirements or comments containing excessive profanity. 
ATF will retain comments containing excessive profanity as part of this 
rulemaking's administrative record, but will not publish such documents 
on https://www.regulations.gov. ATF will treat all comments as 
originals and will not acknowledge receipt of comments. In addition, if 
ATF cannot read your comment due to handwriting or technical 
difficulties and cannot contact you for clarification, ATF may not be 
able to consider your comment.
    ATF will carefully consider all comments, as appropriate, received 
on or before the closing date.

B. Confidentiality

    ATF will make all comments meeting the requirements of this 
section, whether submitted electronically or on paper, and except as 
provided below, available for public viewing on the internet through 
the federal e-rulemaking portal, and subject to the Freedom of 
Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552). Commenters who submit by mail and who 
do not want their name or other PII posted on the internet should 
submit their comments with a separate cover sheet containing their PII. 
The separate cover sheet should be marked with ``CUI//PRVCY'' at the 
top to identify it as protected PII under the Privacy Act. Both the 
cover sheet and comment must reference this RIN 1140-AA66. For comments 
submitted by mail, information contained on the cover sheet will not 
appear when posted on the internet but any PII that appears within the 
body of a comment will not be redacted by ATF and may appear on the 
internet. Similarly, commenters who submit through the federal e-
rulemaking portal and who do not want any of their PII posted on the 
internet should omit such PII from the body of their comment and any 
uploaded attachments. However, PII entered into the online fields 
designated for name, email, and other contact information will not be 
posted or viewable online.
    A commenter may submit to ATF information identified as proprietary 
or confidential business information by mail. To request that ATF 
handle this information as controlled unclassified information 
(``CUI''), the commenter must place any portion of a comment that is 
proprietary or confidential business information under law or 
regulation on pages separate from the balance of the comment, with each 
page prominently marked ``CUI//PROPIN'' at the top of the page.
    ATF will not make proprietary or confidential business information 
submitted in compliance with these instructions available when 
disclosing the comments that it receives, but will disclose that the 
commenter provided proprietary or confidential business information 
that ATF is holding in a separate file to which the public does not 
have access. If ATF receives a request to examine or copy this 
information, it will treat it as any other request under the Freedom of 
Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552). In addition, ATF will disclose such 
proprietary or confidential business information to the extent required 
by other legal process.

C. Submitting Comments

    Submit comments using either of the two methods described below 
(but do not submit the same comment multiple times or by more than one 
method). Hand-delivered comments will not be accepted.
     Federal e-rulemaking portal: ATF recommends that you 
submit your comments to ATF via the federal e-rulemaking portal at 
https://www.regulations.gov and follow the instructions. Comments will 
be posted within a few days of being submitted. However, if large 
volumes of comments are being processed simultaneously, your comment 
may not be viewable for up to several weeks. Please keep the comment 
tracking number that is provided after you have successfully uploaded 
your comment.
     Mail: Send written comments to the address listed in the 
ADDRESSES section of this document. Written comments must appear in 
minimum 12-point font size, include the commenter's first and last name 
and full mailing address, and may be of any length. See also section 
IV.B of this preamble, ``Confidentiality.''

Disclosure

    Copies of this rule and any public comments received in response to 
it are available through the federal e-rulemaking portal at https://www.regulations.gov (search for RIN 1140-AA66).

List of Subjects

27 CFR Part 447

    Administrative practice and procedure, Arms and munitions, 
Chemicals, Customs duties and inspection, Imports, Penalties, Reporting 
and record-keeping requirements, Scientific equipment, Seizures and 
forfeitures.

27 CFR Part 479

    Administrative practice and procedure, Arms and munitions, Exports, 
Imports, Military personnel, Penalties, Reporting and record-keeping 
requirements, Seizures and forfeitures, Taxes, Transportation.

    For the reasons discussed in the preamble, ATF amends 27 CFR parts 
447 and 479 as follows:

PART 447--IMPORTATION OF ARMS, AMMUNITION, AND IMPLEMENTS OF WAR

0
1. The authority citation for part 447 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 22 U.S.C. 2778; E.O. 13637, 78 FR 16129 (Mar. 8, 
2013).


Sec.  447.46  [Amended]

0
2. Amend Sec.  447.46 by removing the words ``shall be'' and ``will 
be'' from the first sentence and adding in place of ``shall be'' the 
word ``are''; removing the

[[Page 24357]]

word ``Part'' from the parenthetical and adding in its place the word 
``part''; and adding ``or the entry clearance requirements for 
temporary imports maintained by the Department of Commerce (see 15 CFR 
758.10)'' at the end of the second sentence.


Sec.  447.53  [Amended]

0
3. Revise Sec.  447.53 to read as follows:


447.53  Exemptions.

    (a) The provisions of this part are not applicable to:
    (1) Importing by the United States or any agency thereof;
    (2) Importing components for items being manufactured under 
contract for the Department of Defense; or
    (3) Importing articles (other than those which would be 
``firearms'' as defined in 18 U.S.C. 921(a)(3)) manufactured in foreign 
countries for persons in the United States pursuant to Department of 
State or Department of Commerce approval.
    (b) Any person seeking to import articles on the U.S. Munitions 
Import List as exempt under paragraph (a)(2) or (3) of this section may 
obtain release of such articles from Customs and Border Protection 
(``CBP'') custody by submitting, to the CBP officer with authority to 
release, a statement claiming the exemption accompanied by satisfactory 
proof of eligibility. Such proof may be in the form of a letter from 
the Departments of Defense, State, or Commerce, as the case may be, 
confirming that the person has met the conditions of the claimed 
exemption.

PART 479--MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND CERTAIN OTHER 
FIREARMS

0
4. The authority citation for part 479 is revised to read as follows:

    Authority: 26 U.S.C. 5801-5822; 26 U.S.C. 7801; 26 U.S.C. 7805.


Sec.  479.122  [Amended]

0
5. Revise Sec.  479.122 paragraph (b) to read as follows:


Sec.  479.122  Requirements.

* * * * *
    (b) Persons engaged in the business of exporting firearms caliber 
.22 or larger are subject to the requirements of a license issued by, 
or other authorization from, the Secretary of State or Secretary of 
Commerce. Prior to exporting such firearms, persons intending to export 
them should register with the Department of State, Directorate of 
Defense Trade Controls (DDTC), https://www.pmddtc.state.gov, or apply 
for an export license to the Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry 
and Security, https://www.bis.gov/, depending on the relevant export 
control list. Any such person should also comply with the terms and 
conditions of an applicable Department of State exemption or Department 
of Commerce license exception prior to exporting such firearms.

Robert Cekada,
Director.
[FR Doc. 2026-08927 Filed 5-5-26; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4410-FY-P