[Federal Register Volume 90, Number 242 (Friday, December 19, 2025)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 59402-59408]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2025-23428]


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Proposed Rules
                                                Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________

This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of 
the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these 
notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in 
the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules.

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Federal Register / Vol. 90, No. 242 / Friday, December 19, 2025 / 
Proposed Rules

[[Page 59402]]



NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION

10 CFR Part 50

[NRC-2024-0045]
RIN 3150-AL06


Incorporation by Reference of Institute of Electrical and 
Electronics Engineers Standard 603-2018

AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

ACTION: Proposed rule and draft guidance; request for comment.

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SUMMARY: The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is proposing to 
amend its regulations to incorporate by reference the Institute of 
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standard (Std) 603-2018, 
``IEEE Standard Criteria for Safety Systems for Nuclear Power 
Generating Stations.'' The IEEE Std 603-2018 is the most recent version 
of IEEE Std 603 that addresses the power, instrumentation, and control 
safety systems for nuclear power reactors. This amendment also 
incorporates editorial changes that do not change the technical 
information. The NRC plans to hold a public meeting to promote full 
understanding of the proposed rule and facilitate public comments.

DATES: Submit comments by February 17, 2026. Comments received after 
this date will be considered if it is practical to do so, but the 
Commission is able to ensure consideration only for comments received 
before this date.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments by any of the following methods; 
however, the NRC encourages electronic comment submission through the 
Federal rulemaking website:
     Federal Rulemaking Website: Go to https://www.regulations.gov and search for Docket ID NRC-2024-0045. Address 
questions about NRC dockets to Helen Chang; telephone: 301-415-3228; 
email: [email protected]. For technical questions contact the 
individuals listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section of 
this document.
     Email comments to: [email protected]. If you do 
not receive an automatic email reply confirming receipt, then contact 
us at 301-415-1677.
     Fax comments to: Secretary, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory 
Commission at 301-415-1101.
     Mail comments to: Secretary, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory 
Commission, Washington, DC 20555-0001, ATTN: Rulemakings and 
Adjudications Staff.
     Hand deliver comments to: 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, 
Maryland 20852, between 7:30 a.m. and 4:15 p.m. eastern time, Federal 
workdays; telephone: 301-415-1677.
    You can read a plain language description of this proposed rule at 
https://www.regulations.gov/docket/NRC-2024-0045. For additional 
direction on obtaining information and submitting comments, see 
``Obtaining Information and Submitting Comments'' in the SUPPLEMENTARY 
INFORMATION section of this document.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Denise Edwards, Office of Nuclear 
Material and Safeguards, telephone: 301-415-7204, email: 
[email protected], and Gilberto Blas Rodriguez, Office of Nuclear 
Reactor Regulation, telephone: 301-287-9260, email: 
[email protected]. Both are staff of the U.S. Nuclear 
Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555-0001.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This rulemaking is separate from NRC's 
comprehensive review and reform of its regulations in accordance with 
Executive Order (E.O.) 14300, ``Ordering the Reform of the Nuclear 
Regulatory Commission'' (90 FR 22587; May 29, 2025). The rulemakings 
associated with that effort will comprehensively reexamine NRC 
requirements. While there could be additional revisions as a result of 
these future rulemakings, the NRC is moving forward with publication of 
this proposed rule at this time because it is an action of high 
interest for stakeholders that was in progress before the issuance of 
E.O. 14300.

Executive Summary

A. Need for Regulatory Action

    The IEEE periodically revises and updates its codes for nuclear 
power plants by issuing new editions; this proposed rule is in 
accordance with the NRC's practice to incorporate new editions into the 
NRC's regulations. This proposed rule allows nuclear power plant 
applicants to take advantage of the latest IEEE Std, enhancing 
efficiency for applicants and the NRC without affecting safety. The 
NRC's use of the IEEE Std is consistent with applicable requirements of 
the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA). See also 
Section XII of this document, ``Voluntary Consensus Standards.''

B. Major Provision

    The primary effect of this proposed rule is the incorporation by 
reference of IEEE Std 603-2018 into title 10 of the Code of Federal 
Regulations (10 CFR) 50.55a, ``Codes and standards,'' and to provide 
for its use for nuclear power reactors of all types. This proposed rule 
also includes a conforming amendment to paragraph (b)(1)(v) of section 
50.69, ``Risk-informed categorization and treatment of structures, 
systems and components for nuclear power reactors,'' of 10 CFR, which 
would extend that provision to allow risk-informed alternatives to 
Clauses 5.3 and 5.4 of IEEE 603-2018 for certain systems, structure, 
and components.

Table of Contents

I. Obtaining Information and Submitting Comments
    A. Obtaining Information
    B. Submitting Comments
II. Background
III. Discussion
    A. IEEE 603-2018
    B. Discussion of Clause 5.16 Regarding CCF and Existing 
Commission Policy
    C. Protection Systems and Safety Systems
IV. Section-by-Section Analysis
V. Regulatory Flexibility Certification
VI. Regulatory Analysis
VII. Backfitting and Issue Finality
VIII. Plain Writing
IX. Environmental Assessment and Proposed Finding of No Significant 
Environmental Impact
X. Paperwork Reduction Act
XI. Executive Orders
    A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review (as 
Amended by Executive Order 14215, Ensuring Accountability for All 
Agencies)
    B. Executive Order 14154: Unleashing American Energy
    C. Executive Order 14192: Unleashing Prosperity Through 
Deregulation
    D. Executive Order 14270: Zero-Based Regulatory Budgeting To 
Unleash American Energy

[[Page 59403]]

XII. Voluntary Consensus Standards
XIII. Incorporation by Reference--Reasonable Availability to 
Interested Parties
XIV. Availability of Guidance
XV. Public Meeting
XVI. Availability of Documents

I. Obtaining Information and Submitting Comments

A. Obtaining Information

    Please refer to Docket ID NRC-2024-0045 when contacting the NRC 
about the availability of information for this action. You may obtain 
publicly available information related to this action by any of the 
following methods:
     Federal Rulemaking Website: Go to https://www.regulations.gov and search for Docket ID NRC-2024-0045.
     NRC's Agencywide Documents Access and Management System 
(ADAMS): You may obtain publicly available documents online in the 
ADAMS Public Documents collection at https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html. To begin the search, select ``Begin ADAMS Search.'' For 
problems with ADAMS, please contact the NRC's Public Document Room 
(PDR) reference staff at 1-800-397-4209, at 301-415-4737, or by email 
to [email protected]. For the convenience of the reader, 
instructions about obtaining materials referenced in this document are 
provided in the ``Availability of Documents'' section.
     NRC's PDR: The PDR, where you may examine and order copies 
of publicly available documents, is open by appointment. To make an 
appointment to visit the PDR, please send an email to 
[email protected] or call 1-800-397-4209 or 301-415-4737, between 
8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. eastern time, Monday through Friday, except 
Federal holidays.
     Technical Library: The Technical Library, which is located 
at Two White Flint North, 11545 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland 
20852, is open by appointment only. Interested parties may make 
appointments to examine documents by contacting the NRC Technical 
Library by email at [email protected] between 8:00 a.m. and 4:00 
p.m., eastern time, Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.

B. Submitting Comments

    The NRC encourages electronic comment submission through the 
Federal rulemaking website (https://www.regulations.gov). Please 
include Docket ID NRC-2024-0045 in your comment submission.
    The NRC cautions you not to include identifying or contact 
information that you do not want to be publicly disclosed in your 
comment submission. The NRC will post all comment submissions at 
https://www.regulations.gov as well as enter the comment submissions 
into ADAMS. The NRC does not routinely edit comment submissions to 
remove identifying or contact information.
    If you are requesting or aggregating comments from other persons 
for submission to the NRC, then you should inform those persons not to 
include identifying or contact information that they do not want to be 
publicly disclosed in their comment submission. Your request should 
state that the NRC does not routinely edit comment submissions to 
remove such information before making the comment submissions available 
to the public or entering the comment into ADAMS.

II. Background

    It has been the NRC's practice to establish requirements for the 
protection systems and safety systems in nuclear power plants by 
incorporating by reference certain standards published by the IEEE into 
10 CFR 50.55a, ``Codes and standards.''
    Paragraph 50.55a(h)(2), ``Protection systems,'' currently requires 
that the protection systems in nuclear power plants with construction 
permits issued after January 1, 1971, but before May 13, 1999, meet the 
requirements stated in either IEEE Std 279, ``Criteria for Protection 
Systems for Nuclear Power Generating Stations,'' or with the 
requirements in IEEE Std 603-1991, ``IEEE Criteria for Safety Systems 
for Nuclear Power Generating Stations,'' including the correction sheet 
dated January 30, 1995. For nuclear power plants with construction 
permits issued before January 1, 1971, 10 CFR 50.55a(h)(2) requires 
that protection systems must be consistent with their licensing basis 
or meet the requirements of IEEE Std 603-1991 including the correction 
sheet dated January 30, 1995.
    Paragraph 50.55a(h)(3), ``Safety systems,'' currently requires that 
applications filed on or after May 13, 1999, for construction permits 
and operating licenses under 10 CFR part 50, as well as standard design 
approvals, standard design certifications, and combined licenses under 
10 CFR part 52, meet the requirements for safety systems stated in IEEE 
Std 603-1991 including the correction sheet dated January 30, 1995.
    The IEEE superseded the previous standards with IEEE Std 603-2018. 
This proposed rule would update the NRC's regulations to incorporate by 
reference and specify the requirements for using this latest version of 
IEEE Std 603 on the basis of license date, construction permit date, 
and type of protection system or safety system modification. This 
proposed rule would apply to (1) reactor design applications for a 
license, construction permit, design approval, or design certification, 
and (2) applications for license amendments for nuclear power plants. 
The NRC is proposing to make the final rule effective 30 days after its 
publication in the Federal Register.
    This proposed rule would incorporate voluntary consensus standard 
IEEE Std 603-2018 into the NRC's regulations to establish functional 
and design requirements for power, instrumentation, and control safety 
systems for nuclear power plants. This action would be consistent with 
the provisions of the NTTAA, which encourage Federal regulatory 
agencies to consider adopting voluntary consensus standards as an 
alternative to agency development of government-unique standards.
    The NRC staff held two public meetings on IEEE Std 2018 before this 
rulemaking was initiated: one on September 14, 2023, and one on 
September 19, 2024. The NRC appreciates the feedback received through 
these public meetings, which contributed to the development of this 
proposed rule.

III. Discussion

A. IEEE 603-2018

    The NRC proposes to update 10 CFR 50.55a to incorporate by 
reference IEEE Std 603-2018. When applying IEEE Std 603-2018, the first 
sentence within Clause 5.16, ``Common-cause failure,'' captures the 
only regulatory requirement of Clause 5.16, that the safety system 
design and development shall address common-cause failures (CCFs) that 
create a potential to degrade or defeat the safety system function.
    IEEE Std 603-2018 references several industry codes and standards 
that are not proposed for incorporation by reference in this 
rulemaking. These referenced standards are not mandatory NRC 
requirements, and if a referenced standard has been endorsed in a 
regulatory guide, the standard constitutes a method acceptable to the 
NRC for meeting a regulatory requirement.
    This proposed rule also includes a conforming amendment to 
paragraph (b)(1)(v) of 10 CFR 50.69, ``Risk-informed categorization and 
treatment of structures, systems and components for nuclear power 
reactors,'' which would extend that provision to allow risk-informed 
alternatives to Clauses 5.3

[[Page 59404]]

and 5.4 of IEEE 603-2018 for certain systems, structure, and 
components.

B. Discussion of Clause 5.16 Regarding CCF and Existing Commission 
Policy

    IEEE Std 603-2018 includes Clause 5.16, which provides criteria for 
evaluating the potential for safety system CCF. As this Clause 5.16 
does not exist in IEEE Std 603-1991, it is not in the currently 
incorporated by reference version. In the 2018 version, Clause 5.16 
applies to any source of vulnerability to CCF.
    The first sentence in Clause 5.16 states that--the safety system 
design and development shall address CCFs that create a potential to 
degrade or defeat the safety system function. This statement is 
consistent with the NRC's position on CCF, which is why it is proposed 
to be included as part of this proposed rule. The Commission's policy 
on addressing CCF is found in Staff Requirements Memorandum (SRM)-SECY-
22-0076, ``Expansion of Current Policy on Potential Common-Cause 
Failures in Digital Instrumentation and Control Systems,'' dated August 
10, 2022. As noted in the Commission's policy, before a nuclear 
generating station safety system is considered ready for implementation 
at the facility, developers must demonstrate that vulnerabilities to 
CCF have been adequately identified and addressed.
    The NRC staff considers the remainder of Clause 5.16 of IEEE Std 
603-2018 as guidance on how CCF could be addressed. The methods 
included in Clause 5.16 may be acceptable for licensees or applicants 
to address CCF as part of their overall defense-in-depth and diversity 
(D3) analyses, in appropriate circumstances; however, the list is not 
comprehensive and does not include flexibilities the Commission 
recently directed the NRC staff to incorporate into its licensing 
reviews. In its direction to the NRC staff in SRM-SECY-22-0076, the 
Commission approved expanded acceptance of risk-informed approaches in 
performing the defense-in-depth and diversity assessment and in 
determining the adequacy of design techniques, prevention measures, and 
mitigation measures, other than diversity, to address a postulated 
digital instrumentation and controls CCF. This policy provides 
additional flexibility in addressing CCFs beyond the methods described 
in Clause 5.16. Therefore, licensees or applicants may use the methods 
described in Clause 5.16 and other methods referenced in Draft 
Regulatory Guide (DG) DG-1251, Revision 1, ``Guidance for the Power, 
Instrumentation, and Control Portions of Safety Systems for Nuclear 
Power Plants,'' in their overall D3 analyses. The NRC staff guidance 
for evaluation of defense in depth and diversity to address CCF is 
found in NUREG-0800, ``Standard Review Plan,'' Chapter 7, Branch 
Technical Position 7-19 (BTP 7-19), Revision 9, ``Guidance for 
Evaluation of Defense in Depth and Diversity to Address Common-Cause 
Failure Due to Latent Design Defects in Digital Instrumentation and 
Control Systems,'' and the Design Review Guide, ``Design Review Guide 
(DRG): Instrumentation and Controls for Non-Light-Water Reactor (Non-
LWR) Reviews,'' as applicable. Further, regarding the last paragraph in 
Clause 5.16, the NRC staff agrees that if a determination concludes 
that the consequences of a CCF are low or a determination concludes 
that the CCF has a very low likelihood of occurrence, then that 
conclusion could be credited in a plant-specific analysis toward 
justification of the proposed safety system design in a risk-informed 
approach. However, a risk-informed approach requires that risk insights 
are considered together with other factors to establish requirements 
that better focus licensee and regulatory attention on design and 
operational issues commensurate with their importance to public health 
and safety, consistent with SRM-SECY-98-144, ``Risk-informed and 
Performance Based Regulation,'' and SRM-SECY-22-0076. Finally, the NRC 
staff agrees that each identified source of CCF should be evaluated on 
a case-by-case basis.
    Therefore, the NRC proposes to update 10 CFR 50.55a to incorporate 
by reference IEEE Std 603-2018. When applying IEEE Std 603-2018, the 
first sentence within Clause 5.16, ``Common-cause failure,'' captures 
the only regulatory requirement of Clause 5.16, that the safety system 
design and development shall address CCF that create a potential to 
degrade or defeat the safety system function.

C. Protection Systems and Safety Systems

    The NRC's understanding of ``protection systems'' and ``safety 
systems'' as used in 10 CFR 50.55a(h) remains the same as described in 
the 1999 rulemaking to incorporate IEEE Std 603-1991 by reference into 
10 CFR 50.55a (64 FR 17944; April 13, 1999). Currently, 10 CFR 
50.55a(h) specifies that ``protection systems'' for plants with 
construction permits issued after January 1, 1971, but before May 13, 
1999, must meet the requirements in IEEE Std 279-1968, ``Proposed IEEE 
Criteria for Nuclear Power Plant Protection Systems,'' or the 
requirements in IEEE Std 279-1971, ``Criteria for Protection Systems 
for Nuclear Power Generating Stations,'' or the requirements in IEEE 
Std 603-1991, ``Criteria for Safety Systems for Nuclear Power 
Generating Stations, and the correction sheet dated January 30, 1995. 
IEEE Std 279-1971 states that a ``protection system'' encompasses all 
electric and mechanical devices and circuitry (from sensors to 
actuation device input terminals) involved in generating those signals 
associated with the protective function. These signals include those 
that actuate reactor trip and that, in the event of a serious reactor 
accident, actuate engineered safety features, such as containment 
isolation, core spray, safety injection, pressure reduction, and air 
cleaning. In turn, ``protective function'' is defined in IEEE Std 279-
1971 as the sensing of one or more variables associated with a 
particular generating station condition, signal processing, and the 
initiation and completion of the protective action at values of the 
variables established in the design bases.
    IEEE Std 603-2018 uses the term ``safety systems'' rather than 
``protection systems'' to define its scope. A ``safety system'' is 
defined in IEEE Std 603-2018 as a system that is relied upon to remain 
functional during and following design basis events to assure one of 
the following: (a) The integrity of the reactor coolant pressure 
boundary, (b) the capability to shut down the reactor and maintain it 
in a safe shutdown condition, or (c) the capability to prevent or 
mitigate the consequences of accidents that could result in potential 
offsite exposures comparable to regulatory guidelines. A ``safety 
function'' is defined in IEEE Std 603-2018 as one of the processes or 
conditions (for example, emergency negative reactivity insertion, post-
accident heat removal, emergency core cooling, post-accident 
radioactivity removal, and containment isolation) essential to maintain 
plant parameters within acceptable limits established for a design 
basis event.
    The NRC recognizes that ``protection systems'' are a subset of 
``safety systems.'' Safety system is a broad-based and all-encompassing 
term, embracing the protection system in addition to other electrical 
systems. Thus, the term ``protection system'' is not synonymous with 
the term ``safety system.'' This proposed rule would not change the 
scope of the systems covered in the final safety analysis report for 
currently operating nuclear power plants.

[[Page 59405]]

IV. Section-by-Section Analysis

    The following paragraphs describe the specific changes proposed by 
this rulemaking.

Section 50.55a Codes and Standards

    This proposed rule would revise paragraphs (a) and paragraphs 
(h)(2) and (h)(3) to include the IEEE standard 603-2018 and revise 
introductory text to paragraph (h) to align for readability.

Section 50.69 Risk-Informed Categorization and Treatment of Structures, 
Systems and Components for Nuclear Power Reactors

    This proposed rule would revise paragraph (b)(v) to extend that 
provision to allow risk-informed alternatives to Clauses 5.3 and 5.4 of 
IEEE 603-2018 for certain systems, structure, and components.

Appendix E to 10 CFR Part 50--Emergency Planning and Preparedness for 
Production and Utilization Facilities

    This proposed rule would correct the title, from ``Protection 
Systems'' to ``Protection and safety systems,'' referenced in footnote 
7 of appendix E to 10 CFR part 50.

V. Regulatory Flexibility Certification

    As required by the Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980, 5 U.S.C. 
605(b), the NRC certifies that this rule, if adopted, will not have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. 
This proposed rule affects only the licensing and operation of nuclear 
power plants. The companies that own these plants do not fall within 
the scope of the definition of ``small entities'' set forth in the 
Regulatory Flexibility Act or the size standards established by the NRC 
(10 CFR 2.810).

VI. Regulatory Analysis

    The NRC has prepared a draft regulatory analysis on this proposed 
regulation. The analysis examines the costs and benefits of the 
alternatives considered by the NRC. The NRC requests public comment on 
the draft regulatory analysis. The regulatory analysis is available as 
indicated in the ``Availability of Documents'' section of this 
document. Comments on the draft analysis may be submitted to the NRC as 
indicated under the ADDRESSES caption of this document.

VII. Backfitting and Issue Finality

    The NRC's Backfit Rule in 10 CFR 50.109 states that the NRC shall 
require the backfitting of a facility only when it finds the action to 
be justified under specific standards stated in the rule. Section 
50.109(a)(1) defines backfitting as the modification of or addition to 
systems, structures, components, or design of a facility; the design 
approval or manufacturing license for a facility; or the procedures or 
organization required to design, construct, or operate a facility. Any 
of these modifications or additions may result from a new or amended 
provision in the NRC's rules or the imposition of a regulatory position 
interpreting the NRC's rules that is either new or different from a 
previously applicable NRC position after issuance of the construction 
permit or the operating license or the design approval.
    This rulemaking proposes to incorporate by reference the IEEE 603-
2018. This proposed rule would not change requirements for existing 
licensees or applicants. If existing licensees or applicants request 
changes to their power and instrumentation control systems, this 
proposed rule would allow them to voluntarily comply with IEEE Std 603-
2018 instead of other existing requirements. The proposed rule would 
require applicants and holders of new construction permits, new 
operating licenses, new final design certifications, and new combined 
licenses to meet IEEE Std 603-2018 after the effective date of the 
rule. However, changes in requirements for new applicants or licensees 
do not constitute backfitting. Therefore, this proposed rule, if 
finalized, would not constitute ``backfitting'' as defined in 10 CFR 
50.109(a)(1).

VIII. Plain Writing

    The Plain Writing Act of 2010 (Pub. L. 111-274) requires Federal 
agencies to write documents in a clear, concise, and well-organized 
manner. The NRC has written this document to be consistent with the 
Plain Writing Act as well as the Presidential Memorandum, ``Plain 
Language in Government Writing,'' published June 10, 1998, (63 FR 
31885). The NRC requests comment on this document with respect to the 
clarity and effectiveness of the language used.

IX. Environmental Assessment and Proposed Finding of No Significant 
Environmental Impact

    The Commission has determined under the National Environmental 
Policy Act of 1969, as amended, and the Commission's regulations in 
subpart A of 10 CFR part 51, that this rule, if adopted, would not be a 
major Federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human 
environment, and therefore an environmental impact statement is not 
required.
    The proposed rule does not significantly increase the probability 
or consequences of accidents, no changes are being made in the types of 
effluents that may be released off-site, and there is no significant 
increase in public radiation exposure. This proposed rule does not 
involve non-radiological plant effluents and has no other environmental 
impact. Therefore, no significant non-radiological impacts are 
associated with this proposed action.
    The determination of this environmental assessment is that there 
will be no significant effect on the quality of the human environment 
from this action. Public stakeholders should note; however, that 
comments on any aspect of this environmental assessment may be 
submitted to the NRC as indicated under the ADDRESSES caption.

X. Paperwork Reduction Act

    This proposed rule does not contain any new or amended collections 
of information subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 
U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). Existing collections of information were approved 
by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), approval numbers 3150-
0011, 3150-0264, and 3150-0151.

Public Protection Notification

    The NRC may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to 
respond to a collection of information unless the document requesting 
or requiring the collection displays a currently valid OMB control 
number.

XI. Executive Orders

    The following are Executive orders that are related to this 
proposed rule:

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review (as Amended by 
Executive Order 14215, Ensuring Accountability for All Agencies)

    This action is not a significant regulatory action and therefore 
was not submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for 
review.

B. Executive Order 14154: Unleashing American Energy

    The NRC has examined this proposed rule and has determined that it 
is consistent with the policies and directives outlined in E.O. 14154.

C. Executive Order 14192: Unleashing Prosperity Through Deregulation

    This action is a regulatory action as defined by E.O. 14192. 
Details on the estimated costs of this proposed rule can be found in 
Section VI of this document, ``Regulatory Analysis.''

[[Page 59406]]

D. Executive Order 14270: Zero-Based Regulatory Budgeting To Unleash 
American Energy

    E.O. 14270, ``Zero-Based Regulatory Budgeting to Unleash American 
Energy,'' requires the NRC to insert a conditional sunset date into all 
new or amended NRC regulations provided the regulations are (1) 
promulgated under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (AEA), the 
Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, as amended (ERA), or the Nuclear 
Waste Policy Act of 1982, as amended (NWPA); (2) not statutorily 
required; and (3) not part of the NRC's permitting regime. The NRC 
determined that the regulatory changes proposed in this rule are part 
of the NRC's regulatory permitting scheme authorized by the AEA. 
Therefore, the NRC views this rulemaking to be outside the scope of 
Executive Order 14270 and did not insert conditional sunset dates for 
the regulatory changes in this proposed rule.

XII. Voluntary Consensus Standards

    The National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995, 
Public Law 104-113, requires that Federal agencies use technical 
standards that are developed or adopted by voluntary consensus 
standards bodies unless using such a standard is inconsistent with 
applicable law or is otherwise impractical. In this proposed rule, the 
NRC would incorporate the following voluntary consensus standard: IEEE 
Std 603-2018, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 
September 27, 2018. The NRC invites comment on the applicability and 
use of other standards.

XIII. Incorporation by Reference--Reasonable Availability to Interested 
Parties

    The NRC proposes to incorporate by reference the IEEE Std 603-2018. 
When applying IEEE Std 603-2018, the first sentence within Clause 5.16, 
``Common-cause failure,'' captures the only regulatory requirement of 
Clause 5.16, that the safety system design and development shall 
address CCFs that create a potential to degrade or defeat the safety 
system function. As described in the ``Background'' and ``Discussion'' 
sections of this document, the material contains standards for 
establishing the minimum functional and design criteria for the power, 
instrumentation, and control portions of safety systems for nuclear 
power generating stations.
    The NRC is required by law to obtain approval for incorporation by 
reference from the Office of the Federal Register (OFR). The OFR's 
requirements for incorporation by reference are set forth in 1 CFR part 
51. On November 7, 2014, the OFR adopted changes to its regulations 
governing incorporation by reference (79 FR 66267). The OFR regulations 
require an agency to include in a proposed rule a discussion of the 
ways that the material the agency proposes to incorporate by reference 
are reasonably available to interested parties or how it worked to make 
the material reasonably available to interested parties. The discussion 
in this section complies with the requirement for proposed rules as set 
forth in 1 CFR 51.5(a)(1).
    The NRC considers ``interested parties'' to include all potential 
NRC stakeholders and not only the individuals and entities regulated or 
otherwise subject to the NRC's regulatory oversight. These NRC 
stakeholders are not a homogenous group but vary with respect to the 
considerations for determining reasonable availability. Therefore, the 
NRC distinguishes between different classes of interested parties for 
the purposes of determining whether the material is ``reasonably 
available.'' The NRC considers the following to be classes of 
interested parties in NRC rulemakings with regard to the material to be 
incorporated by reference:
     Individuals and small entities regulated or otherwise 
subject to the NRC's regulatory oversight (this class also includes 
applicants and potential applicants for licenses and other NRC 
regulatory approvals) and who are subject to the material to be 
incorporated by reference by rulemaking. In this context, ``small 
entities'' has the same meaning as a ``small entity'' under 10 CFR 
2.810.
     Large entities otherwise subject to the NRC's regulatory 
oversight (this class also includes applicants and potential applicants 
for licenses and other NRC regulatory approvals) and who are subject to 
the material to be incorporated by reference by rulemaking. In this 
context, ``large entities'' are those that do not qualify as a ``small 
entity'' under 10 CFR 2.810.
     Non-governmental organizations with institutional 
interests in the matters regulated by the NRC.
     Other Federal agencies, States, local governmental bodies 
(within the meaning of 10 CFR 2.315(c)).
     Federally-recognized and State-recognized \1\ Indian 
Tribes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ State-recognized Indian Tribes are not within the scope of 
10 CFR 2.351(c). However, for purposes of the NRC's compliance with 
1 CFR 51.5, ``interested parties,'' includes a broad set of 
stakeholders, including State-recognized Indian Tribes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     Members of the public (i.e., individual, unaffiliated 
members of the public who are not regulated or otherwise subject to the 
NRC's regulatory oversight) who may wish to gain access to the material 
that the NRC proposes to incorporate by reference by rulemaking in 
order to participate in the rulemaking process.
    The IEEE 603-2018 Standard may be viewed, by appointment, at the 
Technical Library, which is located at Two White Flint, 11545 Rockville 
Pike, Rockville, Maryland 20852. You may submit your request to the 
Technical Library via email at [email protected] between 8:00 
a.m. and 4:00 p.m. eastern time, Monday through Friday, except Federal 
holidays. In addition, as described in Section XVI of this document, 
documents related to this proposed rule are available online in the 
NRC's ADAMS Public Documents collection at https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html.
    Interested parties may purchase a copy of the IEEE material at the 
IEEE Standards Association website, https://standards.ieee.org/. The 
material also is accessible through a third-party subscription service 
such as Accuris IHS (15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112; 
https://store.accuristech.com/publishers/ieee).
    The material is available to all interested parties in multiple 
ways and in a manner consistent with their interest in this proposed 
rule. Therefore, the NRC concludes that the material the NRC proposes 
to incorporate by reference in this proposed rule is reasonably 
available to all interested parties.

XIV. Availability of Guidance

    The NRC is issuing draft guidance in conjunction with this proposed 
rule. Draft Regulatory Guide (DG)DG-1251, Revision 1, ``Guidance for 
the Power, Instrumentation, and Control Portions of Safety Systems for 
Nuclear Power Plants'' (Regulatory Guide 1.153, Revision 2; ADAMS 
Accession No. ML25114A021), would provide additional guidance for 
implementing the requirements of the rule. DG-1251 is based upon the 
discussion in this proposed rule and does not modify the scope of 
paragraph 50.55a(h) of 10 CFR part 50. The NRC requests public comment 
on the draft regulatory guide. Comments on the draft guidance may be 
submitted by the methods provided in Section I, ``Obtaining Information 
and Submitting Comments,'' of this document.

[[Page 59407]]

XV. Public Meeting

    The NRC will conduct a public meeting on the proposed rule for the 
purpose of describing the incorporation by reference of the 2018 
version of the IEEE 603 standard. The NRC staff will be available to 
answer questions from the public regarding this proposed rule.
    The NRC will publish a notice of the location, time, and agenda of 
the meeting in the Federal Register, on Regulations.gov, and on the 
NRC's public meeting website within at least 10 calendar days before 
the meeting. Stakeholders should monitor the NRC's public meeting 
website for information about the public meeting at: https://www.nrc.gov/public-involve/public-meetings/index.cfm.

XVI. Availability of Documents

    The documents identified in the following table are available to 
interested persons through one or more of the following methods, as 
indicated.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Document                         ADAMS accession No./ web link/ Federal Register citation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                             Proposed Rule Documents
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proposed Rule--Regulatory Analysis for   ML24353A321.
 Incorporation by Reference of
 Institute of Electrical Engineers
 Standard 603-2018, November 14, 2025.
Proposed Rule--Unofficial Redline        ML24353A325.
 Strikeout of the NRC's Proposed Rule:
 Incorporation by Reference of
 Institute of Electrical Engineers
 Standard 603-2018, November 26, 2025.
Draft Regulatory Guide DG-1251,          ML25114A021.
 Revision 1, ``Guidance for the Power,
 Instrumentation, and Control Portions
 of Safety Systems for Nuclear Power
 Plants,'' December 2025 (Regulatory
 Guide 1.153, Revision 2).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                Related Documents
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NUREG-0800, ``Standard Review Plan,''    ML24005A077 BTP.
 Chapter 7, Branch Technical Position 7-
 19 (BTP 7-19), Revision 9, ``Guidance
 for Evaluation of Defense in Depth and
 Diversity to Address Common-Cause
 Failure Due to Latent Design Defects
 in Digital Instrumentation and Control
 Systems,'' May 2024.
Public Meeting Summary--Summary of       ML24289A230 summary, ML24289A210 package.
 September 19, 2024, Public Meeting to
 Discuss Proposed Path Forward for
 Industry's Use of Institute of
 Electrical and Electronics Engineers
 Standard (IEEE) 603-2018, Criteria for
 Safety Systems, October 17, 2024.
Public Meeting Presentation--Proposed    ML24262A141.
 Path Forward for Industry's Use of
 Institute of Electrical and
 Electronics Engineers Standard (IEEE)
 603-2018, Criteria for Safety Systems,
 September 19, 2024.
SRM-S22-0076-1--Final Revision to        ML24005A119 package.
 Standard Review Plan Branch Technical
 Position 7-19, Guidance for Evaluation
 of Defense in Depth and Diversity to
 Address Common-Cause Failure Due to
 Latent Design Defects in Digital
 Instrumentation and Control Systems,
 April 25, 2024.
Letter from Nuclear Energy Institute     ML23307A127.
 (NEI), ``NEI Recommendations for IEEE
 603-2018, IEEE Standard Criteria for
 Safety Systems for Nuclear Power
 Generating Stations, Path Forward,''
 November 3, 2023.
Public Meeting Presentation--Proposed    ML23240A399.
 Path Forward for Industry's Use of
 Institute of Electrical and
 Electronics Engineers Standard (IEEE)
 603-2018, Criteria for Safety Systems,
 September 14, 2023.
SRM-SECY-22-0076, Expansion of Current   ML23145A176.
 Policy on Potential Common-Cause
 Failures in Digital Instrumentation
 and Control Systems, May 25, 2023.
SECY-22-0076, Expansion of Current       ML22164B003.
 Policy on Potential Common-Cause
 Failures in Digital Instrumentation
 and Control Systems, August 10, 2022.
Final Rule--Codes and Standards: IEEE    64 FR 17944.
 National Consensus Standard, April 13,
 1999.
SRM-SECY-98-144, White Paper on Risk-    ML003753601.
 informed and Performance Based
 Regulation, March 1, 1999.
Final Rule--Incorporation by Reference,  79 FR 66267.
 November 7, 2014.
Plain Language in Government Writing,    63 FR 31885.
 June 10, 1998.
Design Review Guide (DRG):               ML21011A140.
 Instrumentation and Controls for Non-
 Light-Water Reactor (Non-LWR) Reviews,
 February 26, 2021.
Executive Order 12866, ``Regulatory      58 FR 51735.
 Planning and Review,'' October 4, 1993.
Executive Order 14154, ``Unleashing      90 FR 8353.
 American Energy,'' January 29, 2025.
Executive Order 14192, ``Unleashing      90 FR 9065.
 Prosperity Through Deregulation,''
 February 6, 2025.
Executive Order 14270, ``Zero-Based      90 FR 15643.
 Regulatory Budgeting to Unleash
 American Energy,'' April 15, 2025.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  IEEE Standard
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Institute of Electrical and Electronics  https://standards.ieee.org/.
 Engineers (IEEE) Standards
 Association, Standard (Std) 603-2018,
 ``IEEE Standard Criteria for Safety
 Systems for Nuclear Power Generating
 Stations,'' September 27, 2018.
Accuris Standards Store (Formerly IHS).  https://store.accuristech.com/publishers/ieee.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The NRC may post materials related to this document, including 
public comments, on the Federal rulemaking website at https://www.regulations.gov under Docket ID NRC-2024-0045. In addition, the 
Federal rulemaking website allows members of the public to receive 
alerts when changes or additions occur in a docket folder. To 
subscribe:

[[Page 59408]]

(1) navigate to the docket folder (NRC-2024-0045); (2) click the 
``Subscribe'' button; and (3) enter an email address and click on the 
``Subscribe'' button.

List of Subjects in 10 CFR Part 50

    Administrative practice and procedure, Antitrust, Backfitting, 
Classified information, Criminal penalties, Education, Emergency 
planning, Fire prevention, Fire protection, Incorporation by reference, 
Intergovernmental relations, Nuclear power plants and reactors, 
Penalties, Radiation protection, Reactor siting criteria, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements, Whistleblowing.

    For the reasons set out in the preamble and under the authority of 
the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended; the Energy Reorganization 
Act of 1974, as amended; and 5 U.S.C. 552 and 553, the NRC is proposing 
to amend 10 CFR part 50.

PART 50--DOMESTIC LICENSING OF PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION 
FACILITIES

0
1. The authority citation for part 50 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  Atomic Energy Act of 1954, secs. 11, 101, 102, 103, 
104, 105, 108, 122, 147, 149, 161, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 
187, 189, 223, 234 (42 U.S.C. 2014, 2131, 2132, 2133, 2134, 2135, 
2138, 2152, 2167, 2169, 2201, 2231, 2232, 2233, 2234, 2235, 2236, 
2237, 2239, 2273, 2282); Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, secs. 
201, 202, 206, 211 (42 U.S.C. 5841, 5842, 5846, 5851); Nuclear Waste 
Policy Act of 1982, sec. 306 (42 U.S.C. 10226); National 
Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4332); 44 U.S.C. 3504 
note; Sec. 109, Pub. L. 96-295, 94 Stat. 783.

0
2. In Sec.  50.55a:
0
a. In paragraph (a)(2), add paragraph (v);
0
b. Revise introductory text to paragraph (h) and paragraphs (h)(2) and 
(3);
    The revision and addition read as follows:


Sec.  50.55a   Codes and standards.

* * * * *
    (v) IEEE standard 603-2018. (IEEE Std 603-2018), ``Standard 
Criteria for Safety Systems for Nuclear Power Generating Stations'' 
(Approval date: September 27, 2018), referenced in paragraphs (h)(2) 
and (h)(3) of this section. All other standards that are referenced in 
IEEE Std 603-2018 are not approved for incorporation by reference.
* * * * *
    (h) Protection and safety systems. Protection and safety systems of 
nuclear power reactors of all types must meet the requirements 
specified in this paragraph. Each combined license for a utilization 
facility is subject to the following conditions. * * *
    (2) * * *
    (i) For nuclear power plants with construction permits issued after 
January 1, 1971, but before May 13, 1999, protection systems must meet 
the requirements in IEEE Std 279-1968, ``Proposed IEEE Criteria for 
Nuclear Power Plant Protection Systems,'' or the requirements in IEEE 
Std 279-1971, ``Criteria for Protection Systems for Nuclear Power 
Generating Stations,'' or the requirements in IEEE Std 603-1991, 
``Criteria for Safety Systems for Nuclear Power Generating Stations,'' 
and the correction sheet dated January 30, 1995, or the requirements in 
IEEE Std 603-2018, ``Criteria for Safety Systems for Nuclear Power 
Generating Stations.'' When applying IEEE Std 603-2018, the first 
sentence within Clause 5.16, ``Common-cause failure,'' captures the 
only regulatory requirement of Clause 5.16, that the safety system 
design and development shall address common-cause failures (CCFs) that 
create a potential to degrade or defeat the safety system function.
    (ii) For nuclear power plants with construction permits issued 
before January 1, 1971, protection systems must be consistent with 
their licensing basis or may meet the requirements of IEEE Std 603-1991 
and the correction sheet dated January 30, 1995, or the requirements in 
IEEE Std 603-2018, dated September 27, 2018. When applying IEEE Std 
603-2018, Clause 5.16, ``Common-cause failure,'' the first sentence 
within Clause 5.16, ``Common-cause failure,'' captures the only 
regulatory requirement of Clause 5.16, that the safety system design 
and development shall address CCFs that create a potential to degrade 
or defeat the safety system function.
    (3) Safety systems.
    (i) Applications filed on or after May 13, 1999, but before [DATE 
30 DAYS AFTER DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL 
REGISTER], for construction permits and operating licenses under this 
part, and for design approvals, design certifications, and combined 
licenses under part 52 of this chapter, must meet the requirements for 
safety systems in IEEE Std 603-1991 and the correction sheet dated 
January 30, 1995, or the requirements in IEEE Std 603-2018. When 
applying IEEE Std 603-2018, the first sentence within Clause 5.16, 
``Common-cause failure,'' captures the only regulatory requirement of 
Clause 5.16, that the safety system design and development shall 
address CCFs that create a potential to degrade or defeat the safety 
system function.
    (ii) Applications filed on or after [DATE 30 DAYS AFTER DATE OF 
PUBLICATION OF THE FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], for 
construction permits and operating licenses under this part, and for 
design approvals, design certifications, and combined licenses under 
part 52 of this chapter, must meet the requirements for safety systems 
in IEEE Std 603-2018, dated September 27, 2018. When applying IEEE Std 
603-2018, the first sentence within Clause 5.16, ``Common-cause 
failure,'' captures the only regulatory requirement of Clause 5.16, 
that the safety system design and development shall address CCFs that 
create a potential to degrade or defeat the safety system function.
* * * * *
0
3. In Sec.  50.69, revise paragraph (b)(1)(v) to read as follows:


Sec.  50.69  Risk-informed categorization and treatment of structures, 
systems and components for nuclear power reactors.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (v) The inservice testing requirements in 10 CFR 50.55a(f); the 
inservice inspection, and repair and replacement (with the exception of 
fracture toughness), requirements for ASME Class 2 and Class 3 SSCs in 
10 CFR 50.55a(g); and the electrical component quality and 
qualification requirements in Sections 4.3 and 4.4 of IEEE 279, Clauses 
5.3 and 5.4 of IEEE 603-1991, and Clauses 5.3 and 5.4 of IEEE 603-2018 
as incorporated by reference in 10 CFR 50.55a(h).
* * * * *
0
4. In appendix E to 10 CFR part 50, revise footnote 7 in appendix E to 
read as follows:

Appendix E to 10 CFR Part 50

* * * * *
    VI. * * *
    1. * * *
    2. * * *
    a. * * *
    \[7]\ See 10 CFR 50.55a(h), Protection and safety systems.
* * * * *

    Dated: December 1, 2025.

    For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Michael King,
Acting Executive Director for Operations.
[FR Doc. 2025-23428 Filed 12-18-25; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 7590-01-P