[Federal Register Volume 90, Number 241 (Thursday, December 18, 2025)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 59072-59078]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2025-23289]


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Proposed Rules
                                                Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________

This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of 
the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these 
notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in 
the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules.

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Federal Register / Vol. 90, No. 241 / Thursday, December 18, 2025 / 
Proposed Rules

[[Page 59072]]



OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

5 CFR Part 412

[Docket ID: OPM-2025-0014]
RIN 3206-AO89


Ensuring Consistent and Rigorous Standards for Senior Executive 
Service Candidate Development Programs

AGENCY: Office of Personnel Management.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking.

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SUMMARY: The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) proposes to revise 
its Senior Executive Service (SES) Candidate Development Program 
(SESCDP) regulations to implement certain SES training and development 
requirements. The SES represents the Federal Government's leadership, 
composed of executive positions above the GS-15 level. SESCDPs serve as 
a crucial succession management tool for Federal agencies, designed to 
identify and prepare high-potential employees for future roles within 
the SES. These programs aim to cultivate leaders equipped with a 
government-wide perspective and the competencies necessary to tackle 
complex challenges.

DATES: Comments must be received on or before February 17, 2026.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments, identified by RIN number ``3206-
AO89'' and title, using the following method:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://www.regulations.gov. 
Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
    All submissions must include the agency name and docket number or 
RIN for this Federal Register document. Please arrange and identify 
your comments about the regulatory text by subpart and section number. 
If your comments relate to the supplementary information, please 
reference the heading and page number in the supplementary section. All 
comments must be received by the end of the comment period for them to 
be considered. All comments and other submissions received generally 
will be posted on the internet at https://regulations.gov as they are 
received, without change, including any personal information provided. 
However, OPM retains discretion to redact personal or sensitive 
information, including but not limited to, personal or sensitive 
information pertaining to third parties.
    As required by 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(4), a summary of this rule may be 
found in the docket for this rulemaking at www.regulations.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Nicole Wright, Deputy Associate 
Director, Executive Services and Workforce Development, 202-606-8046 or 
by email at [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    The Senior Executive Service (SES) is a corps of top-level Federal 
executives who provide leadership and oversee government operations, 
bridging the gap between political appointees and career civil 
servants. The SES was established by the Civil Service Reform Act 
(CSRA) of 1978 and became effective in July 1979. The CSRA envisioned a 
senior executive corps with solid executive expertise, public service 
values, and a broad perspective of the Government. The CSRA established 
the SES as a distinct personnel system that applies the same executive 
qualifications requirements to all members. The system was designed to 
provide greater authority to agencies to manage their executive 
resources, including the flexibility for selecting and developing 
Federal executives within a framework that preserves the larger 
corporate interests of the Government.
    An SESCDP is a structured program designed to identify and prepare 
individuals who aspire to become senior executive leaders, exhibit 
readiness or near-readiness for executive-level responsibilities, 
demonstrate leadership across organizational boundaries, and show 
potential to manage complex, cross-agency initiatives. As a strategic 
succession tool, SESCDPs serve to strengthen selected candidates' 
leadership skills and characteristics based on current standards. 
Participation provides governmentwide leadership opportunities to 
interact with senior employees outside their department and/or agency, 
interagency training experiences, executive-level development 
assignments, mentoring, and coaching. Further, an SESCDP boosts 
participants' executive competencies and expands their understanding of 
governmentwide programs and issues beyond their individual agency and 
profession, broadening participants' understanding of missions, 
programs, core values, and management challenges.
    Graduates of an OPM-approved SESCDP, who are selected through civil 
service-wide competition and are certified by OPM's Qualifications 
Review Board (QRB), may receive a career SES appointment without 
further competition. The QRB certifies the executive qualifications of 
candidates for initial career SES appointments. QRB members judge the 
overall scope, quality, and depth of a candidate's executive 
qualifications and experience within the context of the Executive Core 
Qualifications. QRB certification does not guarantee placement in the 
SES, and SESCDP participation is not required for selection into the 
SES.
    On October 30, 2004, the President signed the Federal Workforce 
Flexibility Act of 2004 (Act), Public Law 108-411, into law. The Act 
made several significant changes in the law governing the training and 
development of Federal employees, supervisors, managers, and 
executives. The first change required each agency to evaluate, on a 
regular basis, its training programs and plans with respect to the 
accomplishment of its specific performance plans and strategic goals, 
and to modify its training plans and programs as needed to accomplish 
the agency's performance plans and strategic goals.
    The second major change the Act required was for agencies to 
consult with OPM to establish comprehensive succession management 
programs designed to provide training to employees to develop managers 
for the agency. It also required agencies, in consultation with OPM, to 
establish programs to provide training to managers regarding actions, 
options, and strategies a manager may use in relating to employees with 
unacceptable performance, mentoring employees, improving employee 
performance and productivity, and conducting employee performance 
appraisals.
    On January 20, 2025, President Trump issued a Presidential 
Memorandum

[[Page 59073]]

titled ``Restoring Accountability for Career Senior Executives.'' 90 FR 
8481, January 30, 2025. With this Presidential Memorandum, President 
Trump directed agencies to ``reinvigorate the SES system and prioritize 
accountability'' to ensure proper accountability to both the President 
and the American people. The Presidential Memorandum further directed 
the Director of OPM, in coordination with the Director of the Office of 
Management and Budget, to reassign agency SES members as needed to 
ensure alignment between their knowledge, skills, abilities, and 
mission assignments and the President's agenda.
    To advance this directive, on May 29, 2025, OPM released the 
memorandum, Hiring and Talent Development for the Senior Executive 
Service,\1\ which provides policy, guidance, and timelines to agencies 
on SES hiring and development, to include new SESCDP certification 
requirements. The memorandum noted that ``these changes in hiring, 
training, development and oversight will drive a cultural shift in the 
SES.'' The memorandum further highlights that Federal agencies are 
responsible for ensuring appropriate succession planning for executive 
positions by building a pipeline of qualified candidates that are well-
prepared to serve as Federal executives, and that ``OPM is required to 
establish programs for the systematic development of candidates for the 
SES and/or assist agencies in the establishment of such programs which 
meet OPM prescribed criteria.''
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    \1\ OPM, ``Hiring and Talent Development for the Senior 
Executive Service'' (May 29, 2025), available at https://www.chcoc.gov/content/hiring-and-talent-development-senior-executive-service.
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    Through the introduction of more stringent SESCDP certification 
requirements, OPM aims to enhance training and development for aspiring 
SES and accelerate the placement of well-prepared leaders to ensure 
leadership continuity. OPM has reviewed evaluation feedback from 
agencies and graduates of SESCDPs over the years, which suggest some 
adjustments can be made to enhance the experience for SESCDP 
participants and aim for better outcomes. To accomplish this 
transformation, OPM proposes to adjust the formal training content, 
adopt a more streamlined program cohort duration, and utilize 
developmental assignments of a longer minimum duration. In turn, 
agencies will have a more appropriate timeframe to conduct an SESCDP 
and allow for aspiring SES to learn in an environment that promotes 
governmentwide cohesion and prepares them to deliver results as 
accountable senior executives.

Proposed Changes in This Rulemaking

    OPM has reviewed the supervisory, management and executive 
development regulations governing the SESCDP and is issuing this 
proposed rule in response to the President's directives and pursuant to 
its regulatory authority in 5 U.S.C. 3396 (a) and (b). The following 
are the principal results sought by the proposed changes to 5 CFR part 
412:
    [cir] Agencies have effective and cost-efficient SESCDPs that will 
support agency succession planning and candidate development;
    [cir] Agencies identify and select individuals that have 
demonstrated executive ability and further develop them professionally 
to step into the SES with the experiences to handle the challenges 
presented at the highest caliber of public service;
    [cir] Agencies maintain a minimum placement rate of program 
graduates receiving OPM QRB certification as determined by OPM policy 
to ensure a return on investment; and
    [cir] Agencies are better equipped to collect SESCDP evaluation 
data to identify and implement program enhancements or alternative 
approaches to improve program administration.
    To assist agencies in accomplishing these results, we are proposing 
changes to 5 CFR part 412, subpart C ``Senior Executive Service 
Candidate Development Programs.'' In addition to modifying Sec. Sec.  
412.301 and 412.302, OPM also proposes to add a new Sec.  412.303 to 
address SESCDP oversight and evaluation. The following are the major 
proposed changes in part 412, subpart C:

Sec.  412.301

    Section 412.301 provides the requirements for an agency to obtain 
approval from OPM to conduct an SESCDP. OPM proposes to add a 
requirement for each Department or Agency HQ-level seeking approval to 
submit a blanket, enterprise-wide policy for itself and all 
subcomponents. OPM also proposes to prescribe program policy parameters 
and require agencies to use an OPM-provided program policy template 
when applying for program and policy approval. The template submission 
process streamlines program creation by standardizing most elements and 
aligning all policies across agencies for uniformity. The proposal 
would amend Sec.  412.301(b) to require a participating agency to 
include in its policy a description of SESCDP program methodologies, 
modifications, and improvements by using the OPM-developed SESCDP 
policy template, as well as program evaluation templates. Further, the 
proposal would also require agencies to obtain OPM re-approval for an 
SESCDP on a triennial basis to ensure alignment and strategic linkage 
with agency succession plans.
    OPM has directed all agencies that currently operate SESCDPs to 
ensure alignment with the new Administration policies. OPM also 
directed that, no later than October 31, 2025, those agencies must 
submit updated policies for OPM review and approval.\2\ Agencies must 
submit all updated policies using the OPM-developed template but may 
need to submit policy modifications if there are any changes in the 
final rule. OPM policy approvals will occur within 30 days after the 
final rule date, and agencies cannot begin new program cohorts until 
their new policy has been approved by OPM.
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    \2\ Id.
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Sec.  412.302

    Section 412.302 provides the criteria for an SESCDP. Currently, 
SESCDPs must be a minimum of 12 months and can run up to 24 months. 
This length of time involves considerable expense and resources to 
ostensibly turn ``almost ready'' talent into ``ready now'' talent. OPM 
proposes to limit program cohort duration from a minimum of 9 months to 
a maximum of 12 months. Additionally, to allow flexibility based on 
extenuating circumstances, agencies may be granted by OPM an extension 
of program cohort length up to 15 months for the affected 
participant(s). This reduced duration serves as part of a re-envisioned 
SESCDP to more effectively identify and prepare ``almost ready'' talent 
and decrease the time needed for high-potential executive talent to 
reach optimal performance.
    Current SESCDPs must provide at least 80 hours of formal 
interagency or multi-sector training experience. OPM proposes to 
increase this to 100 hours of formal training which must include topics 
identified by the agencies that best serve the development of their 
participants and must also include topic areas specific to: strategic 
planning, financial management, human resource management, government 
efficiency, management and supervision, and accountability. Targeted 
training in the above-specified areas will serve to improve leadership 
skills such as decision-making, communicating, problem-solving, and 
adaptability. The number of specific hours allocated to each of these 
topics is at the discretion of the agencies.

[[Page 59074]]

    OPM proposes that participants in an agency SESCDP must receive at 
least two validated executive assessments (i.e., structured evaluation 
tools that have been scientifically tested to ensure they reliably 
measure specific competencies, behaviors, or traits relevant to 
executive leadership). The first assessment must be conducted at 
selection, and a second assessment must be conducted during the program 
cohort. An agency would be required to consider the results of the 
first assessment in its evaluation of which candidates are best suited 
to participate in an SESCDP. Similarly, agencies would be required to 
use the in-program assessment results to identify and adjust, as 
needed, areas of continuing development for SESCDP participants while 
they progress through their program cohort.
    Finally, OPM proposes to require a minimum 10 hours each of 
coaching and mentoring and to require at least one developmental 
assignment of 120 continuous days outside the scope of the candidate's 
position of record and require the assignments to include roles at the 
executive level where the candidate is held responsible for achieving 
organizational or agency results during the developmental assignment. 
The purpose of the new developmental assignment provision is to enhance 
and broaden the candidate's experience, increase his or her knowledge, 
and maximize his or her understanding of the overall functioning of the 
agency, so the candidate is prepared for a range of agency positions at 
the SES level.

Sec.  412.303

    OPM proposes to add a Program Evaluation requirement. Agencies 
would be required to implement programmatic changes based on that 
feedback. Each SESCDP would be required to obtain re-approval from OPM 
based on demonstrated program effectiveness.

Expected Impact of This Rulemaking

A. Statement of Need

    OPM is issuing this proposed rule pursuant to its authority to 
issue regulations governing the development for and within the SES in 5 
U.S.C. 3396. Succession planning, through the identification of high 
performers, coupled with enhanced leadership preparation and 
development, plays a critical part in agency mission success. Building 
a pipeline of high performing GS-14s, 15s, and equivalents equipped 
with the skills, knowledge, technical expertise, and strategic mindset 
necessary to excel in senior leadership roles is crucial. Therefore, in 
order to build and maintain this ``ready now'' pipeline, a reformed 
SESCDP, focused and targeted, is needed and will contribute to 
increased succession readiness, particularly through the strategic 
placement of program graduates who receive OPM SES QRB certification. 
These prescribed changes will also drive a shift in the culture of the 
SES and implement more impactful SES training and development 
requirements.
    Inconsistencies among SESCDPs have yielded mixed results across 
participating agencies. That variability has resulted in different 
training and development experiences for SESCDP participants and leads 
to some programs that are more effective than others in preparing their 
leaders. This causes fluctuating levels of candidate placement rates 
and creates challenges in supporting government-wide succession 
planning efforts. Additionally, OPM and agencies lack visibility on 
standardized government-wide program data. The absence of consistent 
metrics prevents OPM and agencies from comparing results across 
programs and assessing the impact and value to SESCDP participants and 
the government.

B. Impact

    SESCDPs are designed to strengthen executive core qualifications 
(ECQ) competencies for selected high-performing aspiring executives 
through a demanding learning and developmental experience. An SESCDP 
provides candidates with governmentwide leadership challenges, 
opportunities to interact with senior employees outside their assigned 
department and/or agency, interagency training experiences, executive-
level development assignments, mentoring, and coaching.
    This experience boosts participants' executive competencies and 
expands their understanding of governmentwide programs and issues 
beyond their individual agency of assignment and their profession, 
broadening participants' understanding of missions, programs, core 
values, and management challenges. Utilizing an SESCDP can support an 
agency's talent management and succession planning efforts through 
building an equipped pipeline of ``ready now'' aspiring leaders. This 
allows senior agency leaders to make strategic and timely placements to 
improve performance, accomplish agency mission, and effectively provide 
services to the American public.
    The proposed program changes will add a more unified structure to 
the SESCDPs and ensure a more aligned cadre of graduates through this 
succession management track. Templated program areas, from policy to 
program evaluations, will allow for a more integrated comparison of 
programs over time, allowing decision makers to further tailor the 
programs to meet the needs of agencies governmentwide and fully aligned 
with incumbent SES demonstrated leadership competencies. Ultimately, by 
increasing program standards and training requirements, an SESCDP will 
better equip program participants to excel in senior leadership roles 
and effectively implement the President's agenda. This will not only 
increase the President's confidence in the ability of the Executive 
Branch to serve the Nation but also build trust with the American 
people.

C. Costs

    This proposed rule would affect the operations of the 13 Federal 
agencies that currently have an OPM-approved SESCDP policy--ranging 
from cabinet-level departments to small independent agencies. There are 
also two other Federal agencies that previously informed OPM that they 
would be submitting a SESCDP policy for approval. We estimate that this 
rule would require individuals employed by these agencies to spend time 
creating an updated SESCDP policy--whether updating their current 
SESCDP policy or creating a policy to start a new SESCDP--to reflect 
the updated program structure and administration. There would also be 
potential cost savings for the two sub-level agencies that have 
currently approved SESCDP policies as, moving forward, they would fall 
under their top-level agency policy.
    Typically, an agency's Executive Resources or Training and 
Development staff handles tasks associated with overseeing the 
management of SESCDP policies and programs. Therefore, for this cost 
analysis, OPM assumes the average salary rate of Federal employees 
performing this work will be the rate in 2025 for GS-14, step 5, in the 
Washington, DC, locality pay table ($161,486 annual locality rate and 
$77.38 hourly locality rate). Typically, there are two types of roles 
who oversee the administration of an SESCDP--program managers and 
program coordinators--and their combined time would average the 
equivalent of one FTE at this grade level. We assume the total dollar 
value of labor, which includes wages, benefits, and overhead, is equal 
to 200 percent of the wage rate,

[[Page 59075]]

resulting in an assumed labor cost of $154.76 per hour.
    To comply with the regulatory changes in the proposed rule, 
affected agencies would need to review the rule and update their 
policies and procedures. We estimate that, in the first year following 
publication of a final rule, this would require an average of 100 hours 
of work by employees with an average hourly cost of $154.76 per hour. 
Accounting for the 11 agencies with current approved policies, and the 
two agencies planning to submit for initial policy approval, this would 
result in estimated costs of about $15,000 per agency, or about 
$200,000 total. Further, because federal agencies are not required to 
obtain an OPM-approved SESCDP policy, each additional agency that 
decides to apply for a policy approval would equal an estimated cost of 
$15,000 per agency. For the second and third years of having an 
approved policy, agencies would see a cost savings of $15,000 each 
year, as the 100 hours of work to review the rule and update policies 
would not be required. However, following the third year, this cost 
would be incurred again when the agency must submit a policy re-
approval.
    When calculating other operational program costs per SESCDP 
participant, OPM estimates the average number of participants per 
program is about 25 participants per cohort. In addition, when 
calculating program costs for the assessment of applicants, OPM 
estimates that the assessments would be administered to those 
applicants on the Best Qualified list, which we estimate to be 40 
people per cohort.
    These additional program costs would include the increase in formal 
training hours, the addition of a second validated executive 
assessment, and the addition of 10 coaching hours to develop a 
candidate at the executive level. The current average cost of a formal 
training hour per SESCDP participant is $150. By adding 20 more formal 
training hours, the cost of this program element increases the cost per 
participant by $3,000. The current average cost of administering one 
validated executive assessment is $350 per assessment. Typically, these 
assessments require the results to be interpreted to the participant by 
a professional, adding additional cost. Adding a second assessment for 
use during the program is an additional $350. Finally, the cost of 
external coaching services can range anywhere from $200 to $3,000 per 
hour. However, when identifying sources that provide the level of 
professional expertise and coaching services needed to support SESCDP 
participants, it was estimated to cost approximately $1,000 per hour.
    However, to offset costs pertaining to coaching requirements, 
agencies can utilize federal coaches (i.e., graduates of the Federal 
Internal Coaching Training Program) certified in providing coaching 
services and administering feedback on assessments used by the agency. 
Of the 11 agencies currently holding policies, and the two agencies 
that have expressed interest in obtaining an approved policy, eight 
have formal programs that offer coaching to employees. If these 
agencies utilize their certified internal coaches to provide this 
service, the cost of adding the coaching requirement into the SESCDP 
could be reduced by approximately $3 million each year across 
government. Additionally, agencies that do not have coaching programs 
can partner with OPM to identify and utilize federal coaches through 
the Federal Coaching Network (FCN). The FCN is a community of 
individuals across the federal government who are invested in the 
practice of coaching and support its role in leadership development. 
Furthermore, by leveraging a multi-agency OPM-approved SESCDP policy, 
these agencies can partner with those that do have a formal coaching 
program to combine and share resources. For agencies who are able to 
leverage internal coaching services, it is estimated that the combined 
costs for new training and development requirements would be 
approximately $152,000 per agency. For agencies who must or choose to 
leverage external coaching services, that cost would increase to 
approximately $402,000 per agency.
    It is also important to note that the recruitment and hiring costs 
to onboard an SES can vary from agency to agency. OPM anticipates that 
the SESCDPs under this revised framework will more reliably produce 
high-caliber SES candidates that are ready to step into SES positions. 
This proposed rule would require a minimum level of SESCDP graduate 
placement rate of participants set by OPM as evaluation criteria, 
reflecting the improved effectiveness of the OPM-approved SESCDPs. OPM 
expects that this would allow agencies to realize cost savings, as they 
could offset SES recruitment and hiring costs by increasing the amount 
of SESCDP graduates placed in vacant executive positions.
    OPM anticipates that total costs for agencies who are able to 
leverage the internal savings mentioned above would be an estimated 
$167,000 per agency, or $2.2M across all participating agencies. If all 
participating agencies must, or choose, to leverage external 
developmental services or resources, that cost would increase to 
approximately $417,000 per agency, or $5.4M total.

D. Benefits

    The standardization of program policies will save time for agencies 
by reducing policy drafting and approval timelines. Decreasing the 
program cohort duration allows for a more expedited timeline of 
identifying near ready talent and preparing them fully to fill SES 
vacancies. Common practice in program evaluation allows for measuring 
the individual SESCDP participant input on program outcomes, and the 
standardized feedback will allow for easier comparison from program to 
program. Additionally, adding an organizational standard evaluation 
feedback tool provides an opportunity for the impact to be measured 
more easily for return on investment to the organization, as referenced 
by Njah et al., which can aid in continued decisions about the impacts 
that the program outcomes have on the organization.\3\
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    \3\ Njah J., Hansoti B., Adeyami A., Bruce K., O'Malley G., 
Gugerty M.K., Chi B.H., Lubimbi N., Steen E., Stampfly S., Berman 
E., Kimball A.M. Measuring for Success: Evaluating Leadership 
Training Programs for Sustainable Impact. Ann Glob Health. 2021 Jul 
12;87(1):63. doi: 10.5334/aogh.3221. PMID: 34307066; PMCID: 
PMC8284530.
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    Utilization of validated assessments during the recruitment process 
would support agencies in identifying those candidates who are on the 
cusp of becoming senior executives and that are best suited to 
participate in an SESCDP. Further, use of an assessment--such as a 360-
degree assessment--during the course of the SESCDP will also provide 
valuable feedback to candidates, especially when used as a part of the 
coaching relationship. Because this kind of assessment provides 
feedback from a variety of perceptions, coaches can utilize feedback, 
``. . . to bring a measure of objectivity and structure to the coaching 
engagement.'' \4\ The frequency of coaching sessions can be prescribed 
using the common practice of meeting once per month as is typical with 
a leadership or executive coach. Therefore, a nine-month SESCDP would 
account for 9 hours of coaching and also allow for 1 hour focusing on 
providing assessment feedback. This structure is supported by research 
from DiGirolamo, who discusses the benefits of using coaching as a tool 
in leadership

[[Page 59076]]

succession management and how ``[i]ndividualized attention in coaching 
will bring a laser-sharp focus on unique strengths and growth 
opportunities.''
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    \4\ DiGirolamo, Joel. Coaching for Professional Development, 
SHRM-SIOP Science of HR White Paper Series. Society for Human 
Resource Management & Society for Industrial and Organizational 
Psychology. 2015.
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E. Regulatory Alternatives

    An alternative to this rulemaking is to not modify current 
regulatory program requirements and instead issue further OPM guidance 
encouraging agencies to be increasingly rigorous in their management of 
their SESCDPs. OPM could recommend that agencies incorporate these 
changes as promising or best practices, with the goal to increase 
program oversight, participation, and performance. However, previous 
attempts to achieve this result through recommendations and informal 
guidance to agencies have not been successful and, instead, have 
allowed agencies to continue to modify program methodologies, resulting 
in varying program policies and results. According to feedback from 
agencies with approved policies, program managers and coordinators have 
consistently suggested that OPM standardize improved program 
requirements so that their SESCDPs would be more aligned. Therefore, 
solidifying the requirements through OPM-developed templates would 
reduce the burden on agencies and would help produce consistent data 
points for comparison to ensure quality implementation of SESCDPs 
government wide. Additionally, this will help provide universal 
datapoints to agency leadership to illustrate the effectiveness of an 
agency's SESCDP, how it compares to other agency programs, and ensure 
program accountability to produce measurable high-quality, timely, and 
cost-effective results.

Request for Comments

    OPM requests comments on the implementation and potential impacts 
of this proposed rule. Such information will be useful for better 
understanding the effect of this amendment on SESCDP. The type of 
information in which OPM is interested includes, but is not limited to, 
the following:
     What research should OPM consider regarding the time 
requirements allotted for training, mentoring, and coaching in addition 
to what has been mentioned?
     Should OPM prescribe a specific number of hours for each 
of the proposed training topics listed in Sec.  412.302? Should the 
number of hours be equally allocated to each topic, or should agencies 
have the flexibility to ensure each topic is appropriately covered?
     What is the benefit of expanding executive assessments on 
the effectiveness of development programs?
     What promising practices have similar executive 
development programs in the private sector adopted? How have they 
impacted talent management and succession planning efforts?
     What additional executive development research should be 
considered regarding proposed changes to these elements of the 
regulation?
    In the final rule, OPM may adopt changes from the proposed 
requirements based on the information it receives in response to these 
questions.

Regulatory Compliance

A. Regulatory Review

    OPM has examined the impact of this rule as required by E.O.s 12866 
and 13563, which direct agencies to assess all costs and benefits of 
available regulatory alternatives and, if regulation is necessary, to 
select regulatory approaches that maximize net benefits (including 
potential economic, environmental, public, health, and safety effects, 
distributive impacts, and equity). A regulatory impact analysis must be 
prepared for rules that have an annual effect on the economy of $100 
million or more or adversely affect in a material way the economy, a 
sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the 
environment, public health or safety, or State, local, or tribal 
governments or communities. This rulemaking does not reach that 
threshold but has otherwise been designated a ``significant regulatory 
action'' under section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866. This rule is not 
expected to be an E.O. 14192 regulatory action because it imposes no 
more than de minimis costs.

B. Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Director of OPM certifies that this rulemaking will not have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities 
because it will apply only to Federal agencies and employees.

C. Federalism

    This rulemaking will not have substantial direct effects on the 
States, on the relationship between the National Government and the 
States, or on distribution of power and responsibilities among the 
various levels of government. Therefore, in accordance with Executive 
Order 13132, it is determined that this proposed rule does not have 
sufficient federalism implications to warrant preparation of a 
Federalism Assessment.

D. Civil Justice Reform

    This rulemaking meets the applicable standards set forth in section 
3(a) and (b)(2) of Executive Order 12988.

E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

    Section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) 
requires that agencies assess anticipated costs and benefits before 
issuing any rule that would impose spending costs on State, local, or 
tribal governments in the aggregate, or on the private sector, in any 1 
year of $100 million in 1995 dollars, updated annually for inflation. 
That threshold is currently approximately $206 million. This rulemaking 
will not result in the expenditure by State, local, or tribal 
governments, in the aggregate, or by the private sector, in excess of 
the threshold. Thus, no written assessment of unfunded mandates is 
required.

F. Paperwork Reduction Act

    This regulatory action will not impose any reporting or 
recordkeeping requirements under the Paperwork Reduction Act.

List of Subjects in 5 CFR Part 412

    Education, Government employees.

    Accordingly, for the reasons stated in the preamble, OPM proposes 
to amend 5 CFR part 412 as follows:

PART 412--SUPERVISORY, MANAGEMENT, AND EXECUTIVE DEVELOPMENT

0
1. The authority citation for part 412 is revised to read as follows:

    Authority: 5 U.S.C. 1103(c)(2)(C), 3396, 3397, and ch. 41.

Subpart C--Senior Executive Service Candidate Development Programs

0
2. Amend Sec.  412.301 by revising paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) to read 
as follows:


Sec.  412.301  Obtaining approval to conduct a Senior Executive Service 
candidate development program (SESCDP).

* * * * *
    (b) An agency covered by 5 U.S.C., chapter 31, subchapter II, may 
apply to OPM to conduct an SESCDP alone or on behalf of a group of 
agencies. (In this subpart, the term ``agency'' refers to either a 
single agency or a group of agencies acting in partnership under this 
subpart.) Any agency developing an SESCDP must submit a single 
overarching policy document to OPM

[[Page 59077]]

for formal approval before implementing the SESCDP. Agencies must use 
the OPM-developed SESCDP policy template to describe program 
methodologies.
    (c) An agency must seek OPM re-approval (see Sec.  412.303) on a 
triennial basis and must also consult OPM before implementing a change 
substantially altering how the SESCDP complies with the requirements of 
this regulation. OPM re-approval must be obtained before an agency 
initiates a new SESCDP.
    (d) An approved SESCDP policy will serve as an umbrella program 
policy and establish enterprise-wide requirements for the entire 
agency. An agency with an OPM-approved SESCDP policy may authorize a 
major agency component or subcomponent employing senior executives to 
conduct an SESCDP. The major agency component or subcomponent must 
utilize and adhere to the approved agency policy when administering an 
individual SESCDP cohort.
* * * * *
0
3. Amend Sec.  412.302 by revising paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) to read 
as follows:


Sec.  412.302  Criteria for a Senior Executive Service candidate 
development program (SESCDP).

    (a) Executive Resources Board requirements. An agency's Executive 
Resources Board (ERB) must oversee the SESCDP. The ERB ensures the 
development program both complies with the requirements of paragraph 
(c) of this section and includes substantive developmental experiences 
that should equip a successful candidate to accomplish Federal 
Government missions as a senior executive. The agency ERB must oversee 
and be accountable for SESCDP recruitment, merit staffing, and 
assessment. The agency ERB must ensure the program follows SES merit 
staffing provisions in 5 CFR 317.501, subject to the condition 
explained in Sec.  412.302(d)(1). The ERB also must oversee 
development, evaluation, progress in the program, and graduation of 
candidates, and submit for QRB review within 80 calendar-days of 
graduation those candidates determined by the ERB to possess the 
executive core qualifications. The ERB must also oversee the writing 
and implementation of a removal policy for program candidates who do 
not make adequate progress.
    (b) Recruitment.
    (1) Consistent with the merit system principles in 5 U.S.C. 
2301(b)(1) and (2), agencies must ensure that recruitment for the 
program is from all groups of qualified individuals within the civil 
service, or all groups of qualified individuals whether or not within 
the civil service.
    (2) The number of expected SES vacancies must be considered as one 
factor in determining the number of selected candidates, and agencies, 
to the maximum extent possible, should ensure program participation 
includes candidates from outside of the agency.
    (3) Agencies must require each applicant to complete one validated 
executive assessment during the program application process and each 
SESCDP participant to complete at least one additional validated 
executive assessment during the course of the SESCDP. Agencies must 
consider the results of the assessment conducted during the application 
process in identifying those candidates who are best suited to 
participate in an SESCDP. Agencies must use the in-program assessment 
results to identify and adjust, as needed, areas of continuing 
development for each SESCDP participant while they progress through the 
program cohort.
    (c) Senior Executive Service candidate development program 
requirements. An SESCDP program cohort must last a minimum of nine 
months but must not exceed twelve months in duration. To graduate, a 
candidate must accomplish the requirements of the program established 
by his or her agency. An SESCDP must include each of the following 
elements for each SESCDP participant:
    (1) A documented development plan based upon a competency-based 
needs determination and approved by the agency ERB. The candidate must 
utilize the OPM-standardized Executive Development Plan (EDP) template, 
which will:
    (i) Address the executive core qualifications (ECQs);
    (ii) Address Federal Government leadership challenges crucial to 
the senior executive;
    (iii) Provide increased knowledge and understanding of the overall 
functioning of the agency, so the participant is prepared for a range 
of positions and responsibilities;
    (iv) Include interaction with senior employees outside the 
candidate's department or agency to foster a broader perspective; and
    (v) Address Governmentwide or multi-agency applicability in the 
nature and scope of the training;
    (2) A formal interagency and/or multi-sector training experience 
lasting at least 100 hours that, at a minimum, addresses the topics of 
strategic planning, financial management, human capital management, 
human resource management, government efficiency, management and 
supervision, and accountability. The number of specific hours allocated 
to each training topic is at the discretion of the agency. The agency 
may add additional agency-specific training topics as appropriate and 
any additional topics prescribed through OPM guidance and policy. The 
training experience must include interaction with senior employees 
outside the candidate's department or agency.
    (3) A developmental assignment of at least 120 continuous days of 
full-time service to a position other than, and substantially different 
from, the candidate's position of record. The assignment must include 
executive-level responsibility and differ from the candidate's current 
and past assignments in ways that broaden the candidate's experience, 
as well as challenge the candidate with respect to leadership 
competencies and the ECQs. Assignments need not be restricted to the 
agency, the Executive Branch, or the Federal Government, so long as 
they can be accomplished in compliance with applicable law and Federal 
and agency-specific ethics regulations. The candidate is held 
accountable for organizational or agency results achieved during the 
assignment. If the assignment is in a non-Federal organization, the ERB 
must provide for adequate documentation of the individual's actions and 
accomplishments and must determine the assignment will contribute to 
development of the candidate's executive qualifications.
    (4) A mentor who is a member of the SES or is otherwise determined 
by the ERB to have the knowledge and capacity to advise the candidate, 
consistent with goals of the SESCDP. The mentor and the candidate are 
jointly responsible for a productive mentoring relationship and are 
required to meet for a minimum of 10 hours during the course of the 
SESCDP. However, the agency should establish methods to assess these 
relationships and, if necessary, facilitate them or make appropriate 
changes in the interest of the candidate.
    (5) A leadership or executive-level coach who is certified with an 
accredited coaching organization and is determined by the ERB to have 
the knowledge and capacity to advise the candidate, consistent with the 
goals of the SESCDP. The coach and the candidate are jointly 
responsible for a productive coaching relationship and are required to 
meet for a minimum of 10 hours during the course of the SESCDP. 
However, the agency must

[[Page 59078]]

establish methods to assess these relationships and, if necessary, 
facilitate them or make appropriate changes in the interest of the 
candidate.
* * * * *
0
5. Add Sec.  412.303 to read as follows:


Sec.  412.303  Senior Executive Service candidate development program 
(SESCDP) oversight and evaluation.

    (a) Agencies must complete and maintain program evaluations 
pursuant to training evaluation requirements in 5 CFR 410.202 and must 
use OPM-developed evaluation templates for completion, respectively, by 
individual SESCDP participants and agency program managers:
    (1) Upon completion of each individual SESCDP cohort;
    (2) Annually for the overarching SESCDP; and
    (3) To collect evaluation data for the purpose of identifying and 
implementing program enhancements or alternative approaches to program 
administration.
    (b) To seek OPM re-approval of an SESCDP policy, an agency must 
submit its current program policy and completed overarching program 
evaluation template. Evaluations must include initial SES placement 
rates for graduates who receive a QRB certification and demonstrate 
that the agency maintains a minimum placement rate as required by OPM 
policy and guidance. Individual participant program cohort evaluation 
templates are not required for re-approval; however, OPM reserves the 
right to request templates for each individual cohort during the 
current approval period.
    {December 16, 2025{time} 
    The Director of OPM, Scott Kupor, reviewed and approved this 
document and has authorized the undersigned to electronically sign and 
submit this document to the Office of the Federal Register for 
publication.

Office of Personnel Management.
Jerson Matias,
Federal Register Liaison.
[FR Doc. 2025-23289 Filed 12-17-25; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6325-39-P