[Federal Register Volume 90, Number 210 (Monday, November 3, 2025)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 49009-49013]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2025-19740]



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Rules and Regulations
                                                Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________

This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains regulatory documents 
having general applicability and legal effect, most of which are keyed 
to and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations, which is published 
under 50 titles pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 1510.

The Code of Federal Regulations is sold by the Superintendent of Documents. 

========================================================================


Federal Register / Vol. 90, No. 210 / Monday, November 3, 2025 / 
Rules and Regulations

[[Page 49009]]



DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

Office of the Secretary

6 CFR Part 13

[Docket No. DHS-2025-0316]
RIN 1601-AB20


Implementation of the Administrative False Claims Act

AGENCY: Office of the Secretary, DHS.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This final rule updates the Department of Homeland Security 
(DHS) administrative procedures for assessing penalties and recovering 
funds procured by fraud under departmental programs. This rule 
implements the Administrative False Claims Act of 1986, as amended by 
the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2025. 
This final rule implements the NDAA to reflect the updated penalty 
levels, new definitions, and the option for the Board of Contract 
Appeals judges to act as presiding officers. This final rule also makes 
minor clarifications and DHS procedural changes.

DATES: This rule is effective November 3, 2025.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Andrew Hickey, 202-355-4796, 
[email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Table of Contents

I. Background and Regulatory History
II. Discussion of the Rule
III. Statutory and Regulatory Requirements
    A. Administrative Procedure Act
    B. Executive Order 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review) and 
Executive Order 13563 (Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review)
    C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
    D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
    E. Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 
(Congressional Review Act)
    F. Executive Order 14192 (Unleashing Prosperity Through 
Deregulation)
    G. Executive Order 13132 (Federalism)
    H. Executive Order 12988 (Civil Justice Reform)
    I. Executive Order 13175 (Consultation and Coordination With 
Indian Tribal Governments)
    J. National Environmental Policy Act
    K. Paperwork Reduction Act

Abbreviations

Sec.  Section
AFCA Administrative False Claims Act of 2023
CBCA Civilian Board of Contract Appeals
CFR Code of Federal Regulation
DHS Department of Homeland Security
DOJ Department of Justice
FCA False Claims Act of 1863
FR Federal Register
NDAA Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025
OMB Office of Management and Budget
PFCRA Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act of 1986
RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act
U.S.C. United States Code

I. Background and Regulatory History

A. Statutory Authority

    On December 23, 2024, the President signed the Servicemember 
Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2025 (hereinafter ``the Act'' or ``National Defense 
Authorization Act (NDAA)'') (Pub. L. 118-159) into law. The Act makes 
key modifications to the Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act (PFRCA) \1\ 
to streamline and modernize the process for prosecuting false claims 
and statements which the Department of Justice (DOJ) declines to 
prosecute. The NDAA renames the PFRCA to the Administrative False 
Claims Act (AFCA) and directs agencies to promulgate new regulations as 
necessary and modify existing regulations to carry out the Act.\2\
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    \1\ Subtitle B of Title VI of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation 
Act of 1986, Public Law 99-509, 100 Stat. 1934 (1986) (codified at 
31 U.S.C. 3801-3812).
    \2\ FY 2025 NDAA Sec. 5203(j) (codified at 31 U.S.C. 3801 note) 
(``Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
each authority head, as defined in section 3801 of title 31, United 
States Code, shall--(1) promulgate regulations and procedures to 
carry out this Act and the amendments made by this Act; and (2) 
review and update existing regulations and procedures of the 
authority to ensure compliance with this Act and the amendments made 
by this Act.'').
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B. History

    Congress enacted the False Claims Act (FCA), 31 U.S.C. 3729-3733, 
in 1863 providing that any person who knowingly submitted false claims 
to the government was liable for double the government's damages plus a 
penalty of $2,000 for each false claim. In 1986, Congress made 
significant changes to the FCA, including increasing damages from 
double damages to treble damages and raising the penalties from $2,000 
to a range of $5,000 to $10,000.\3\
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    \3\ False Claims Act Amendments Act of 1986, Public Law 99-562, 
sec. 2.
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    In addition to the 1986 changes to the FCA, Congress also enacted 
the PFCRA to give agencies the ability to initiate administrative 
proceedings on claims of $150,000 or less, when the DOJ elects not to 
pursue FCA remedies. Federal agencies may administratively pursue these 
``small'' false claims and certified false statements within six years 
of the claim being made. A person may be penalized $5,000 per claim or 
statement and may also be assessed up to double the amount falsely 
claimed. The PFCRA thus provided an administrative remedy to complement 
the FCA.
    DHS implemented PFCRA using an interim final rule, published 
October 12, 2005.\4\ The rule set forth procedures governing the 
imposition of civil penalties and assessments against persons who make, 
submit, or present, or cause to be made, submitted, or presented, 
false, fictitious, or fraudulent claims or written statements to DHS or 
any of its components at 6 CFR part 13.
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    \4\ 70 FR 59209 (Oct. 12, 2005).
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C. Administrative False Claims Act

    The Administrative False Claims Act maintains administrative 
procedures for imposing civil penalties and assessments against 
individuals who make, submit, or present, or cause to be made, 
submitted or presented, claims or written statements that are made to 
authorities or their agency and are false, fictitious or fraudulent.
    The NDAA renamed the PFCRA to AFCA and made a number of 
substantiative changes. First, Congress amended the definition of a 
presiding officer to allow agencies who do not employ and have 
available administrative law judges appointed under 5 U.S.C. 3105 to 
submit appropriate cases to a member of a board of contract appeals 
established by

[[Page 49010]]

41 U.S.C. 7105. In such cases, Congress provided that the required 
hearing shall be conducted by the presiding officer according to rules 
and procedures promulgated by the board of contract appeals, rather 
than the referring agency. Second, Congress increased the maximum value 
of disputed claims that may be heard by a presiding officer to 
$1,000,000 and mandated that this ceiling be adjusted annually for 
inflation in the same manner as civil monetary penalties under the 
Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act. Third, Congress 
amended the collection of civil penalties under 31 U.S.C. 38 to permit 
agencies to be reimbursed for any expended costs in support of the 
investigation or prosecution of the action from the recovered amounts, 
with such recovered amounts remaining available to the agency until 
expended. Finally, Congress modified the statute of limitations for 
bringing an action to the later of 6 years after the date of violation 
or 3 years after the date on which facts material to the action are 
known or reasonably should have been known by the agency head, but in 
no event more than 10 years after the violation.

II. Discussion of the Rule

    This final rule implements the AFCA by amending existing 6 CFR part 
13. DHS also takes this opportunity to make minor clarifications and 
procedural changes. The amendments implement the statutory changes as 
follows:

Sec.  13.1 Basis, Purpose, Scope, and Effect

    DHS updates paragraph (a) to reference the AFCA and removes 
paragraph (b) that contained an outdated effective date and discussed 
claims filed under the previous component regulations that pre-dated 
DHS' October 12, 2005, interim final rule.

Sec.  13.2 Definitions

    DHS updates the definitions to incorporate the Material, 
Obligation, and Presiding Officer definitions found in the NDAA sec. 
5203(i). DHS also makes conforming changes to the ALJ and Claim 
definitions to reflect the changes in the AFCA. NDAA sec. 5203(i). 
Specifically, DHS updates the ALJ definition to implement AFCA's use of 
Board of Contract Appeals judges to preside over hearings and expands 
the scope of the Claims definition to include any request, demand or 
submission which has the effect of concealing or improperly avoiding or 
decreasing an obligation to pay or transmit property, services, or 
money to the authority.
    In addition to implementing the statutory changes, DHS updates the 
Reviewing Official definition to reflect DHS's delegated authority 
process, and the definition of Representative to reflect that the term 
refers to the defendant's representatives, not the Government's.

Sec.  13.3 Basis for Civil Penalties and Assessments

    DHS adds in paragraph (a)(5) the new AFCA exception for cases under 
31 U.S.C. 3801(a)(3)(C) concerning the level of assessments in lieu of 
damages sustained by the Government. NDAA sec. 5203(b). In addition, 
DHS rewords paragraph (b)(1)(i)(B) to clarify when a statement 
constitutes fraud.

Sec.  13.6 Prerequisites for Issuing a Complaint

    DHS amends this section to reflect the new maximum penalty of 
$1,000,000 from the existing $150,000, as well as adds a new paragraph 
(d) providing for the maximum penalty to be adjusted for inflation 
according to the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act (28 
U.S.C. 2461). NDAA sec. 5203(c).

Sec.  13.8 Service of Complaint

    DHS clarifies that the Presiding Officer will follow the Rules of 
Procedure of the Civilian Board of Contract Appeals (CBCA) when a board 
judge is serving in that role. NDAA sec. 5203(g).

Sec.  13.13 Parties to the Hearing

    DHS updates this section to remove paragraph (b) and accurately 
reflect the AFCA. The AFCA does not provide for a private plaintiff to 
participate in a hearing, whereas the False Claims Act does provide 
such participation under a qui tam action.\5\ Given the AFCA's 
exclusion of such an action, DHS updates this section to reflect only 
the parties identified in the AFCA for participation in the hearing.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \5\ A qui tam action is a type of legal proceeding where a 
private citizen initiates a lawsuit on behalf of the government to 
recover funds obtained through fraudulent activities. The FACA 
permits a qui tam action, but not the AFCA.
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Sec.  13.16 Disqualification of Reviewing Official or Presiding Officer

    DHS updates paragraph (d) to reflect the law as it relates to 
motions for disqualification. The statute requires motions for 
disqualification to be accompanied by a ``sufficient'' affidavit. As 
written, Sec.  13.16 requires an affidavit ``alleging personal bias or 
other reason for disqualification'' and requires the affidavit to 
include specific facts that support the party's belief that personal 
bias or other reason for disqualifications exists. The change in 
paragraph (d) provides that the Reviewing Official or Presiding Officer 
may require additional information if the affidavit is lacking in 
sufficiency.
    DHS updates paragraph (e)(2) to clarify that if a board judge 
disqualifies himself or herself reassignment would take place in 
accordance with the relevant Board Rules. The legislative change 
allowing CBCA judges to serve as Presiding Officers necessitates 
updating this paragraph to avoid conflicts between the CBCA rules and 
DHS's regulations. NDAA sec. 5203(g).

Sec.  13.45 Deposit in Treasury of United States

    DHS updates this entire section to reflect monetary changes between 
PFCRA and AFCA. Specifically, the statute now permits amounts collected 
under AFCA to be credited to the relevant Federal entity first, with 
remaining amounts being deposited in the Treasury. NDAA sec. 5203(d).

Sec.  13.46 Compromise or Settlement

    DHS updates this section to reflect the Reviewing Official's 
requirement to notify the Attorney General prior to entering an 
agreement to compromise or settle under the AFCA in writing not later 
than 30 days. NDAA sec. 5203(f).

Sec.  13.47 Limitations

    DHS updates this section to reflect the new statute of limitation 
in the AFCA. Specifically, the statute extends the 6-year statute of 
limitations to up to 10 years in circumstances where the Authority Head 
was not aware of the violation, provided the notice is sent within 3 
years of the Authority Head learning of the violation. NDAA sec. 
5203(h).

Technical Changes

    DHS makes non-substantive and technical changes throughout Part 13. 
Specifically, DHS updates the reference to the AFCA from the PFRCA, 
clarifies DHS's procedures, and updates references to the new Presiding 
Officer definition.

III. Statutory and Regulatory Requirements

A. Administrative Procedure Act

    DHS has issued this final rule without prior notice and opportunity 
for comment because this is a rule of agency organization, procedure, 
or practice (``procedural rule''). See 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(A). DHS further 
finds good cause under the APA to issue this

[[Page 49011]]

rule without prior notice and comment and for immediate effect because 
comments would be unnecessary under 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B). The procedural-
rule exception ``covers agency actions that do not themselves alter the 
rights or interests of parties, although it may alter the manner in 
which the parties present themselves or their viewpoints to the 
agency.'' JEM Broad. Co., Inc. v. FCC, 22 F.3d 320, 326 (D.C. Cir. 
1994) (quoting Batterton v. Marshall, 648 F.2d 694, 707 (D.C. Cir. 
1980)); see also Mendoza v. Perez, 754 F.3d 1002, 1023-24 (D.C. Cir. 
2014); Am. Hosp. Ass'n v. Bowen, 834 F.2d 1037, 1047 (D.C. Cir. 1987) 
(holding that procedural rules are those that do not ``encode a 
substantive value judgment or put a stamp of approval or disapproval on 
a given type of behavior'').
    This final rule merely updates DHS' existing regulations to reflect 
the statutory changes made by the FY 2025 NDAA and to make other minor 
hearing procedure changes. DHS has no discretion in the statutory 
changes. DHS does not make substantive policy choices or imposed 
obligations beyond those required by statute. The other changes are 
procedural in nature and increase clarity for the public, but do not 
have a substantive impact on the public. Accordingly, notice and 
comment is unnecessary and delaying the rule's effective date would not 
meaningfully enhance public participation or implementation. 
Accordingly, DHS is proceeding without advance notice and opportunity 
for comment. In addition, swift implementation ensures that DHS can 
promptly address fraudulent claims and so protect federal funds.

B. Executive Order 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review) and Executive 
Order 13563 (Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review)

    Executive Orders 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review) and 13563 
(Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review), direct agencies to assess 
the costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if 
regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize 
net benefits. Executive Order 13563 emphasizes the importance of 
quantifying costs and benefits, reducing costs, harmonizing rules, and 
promoting flexibility. Executive Order 14192 (Unleashing Prosperity 
Through Deregulation) directs agencies to significantly reduce the 
private expenditures required to comply with Federal regulations and 
provides that ``any new incremental costs associated with new 
regulations shall, to the extent permitted by law, be offset by the 
elimination of existing costs associated with at least 10 prior 
regulations.
    The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has not designated this 
rule a ``significant regulatory action,'' under section 3(f) of 
Executive Order 12866. Accordingly, OMB has not reviewed it.
    This rule is not an Executive Order 14192 regulatory action because 
this rule is not significant under Executive Order 12866. See OMB 
Memorandum M-25-20, ``Guidance Implementing Section 3 of Executive 
Order 14192, titled `Unleashing Prosperity Through Deregulation' '' 
(Mar. 26, 2025).

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), as 
amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 
1996 (SBREFA), requires an agency to prepare and make available to the 
public a regulatory flexibility analysis that describes the effect of 
the rule on small entities (i.e., small businesses, small 
organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions). The RFA's 
regulatory flexibility analysis requirements apply only to those rules 
for which an agency is required to publish a general notice of proposed 
rulemaking pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 553 or any other law. See 5 U.S.C. 
604(a). DHS did not issue a notice of proposed rulemaking for this 
action. Therefore, a regulatory flexibility analysis is not required 
for this rule. Nonetheless, DHS has determined that this rule will not 
have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities. This rule is purely procedural.

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

    The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) is intended, among 
other things, to curb the practice of imposing unfunded Federal 
mandates on State, local, and tribal governments. Title II of UMRA 
requires each Federal agency to prepare a written statement assessing 
the effects of any Federal mandate in a proposed rule, or final rule 
for which the agency published a proposed rule, which includes any 
Federal mandate that may result in a $100 million or more expenditure 
(adjusted annually for inflation) in any one year by State, local, and 
tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the private sector. The 
inflation adjusted value of $100 million in 1995 is approximately $200 
million in 2023 based on the Consumer Price Index for All Urban 
Consumers (CPI-U). This final rule is exempt from the written statement 
requirement, because DHS did not publish a notice of proposed 
rulemaking for this rule. In addition, this final rule does not contain 
a Federal mandate as the term is defined under UMRA. The requirements 
of title II of UMRA, therefore, do not apply, and DHS has not prepared 
a statement under UMRA.

E. Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 
(Congressional Review Act)

    This final rule is not a ``rule'' as defined by the Congressional 
Review Act (CRA), enacted as part of the Small Business Regulatory 
Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, Public Law 104-121. See 5 U.S.C. 
804(3)(C) (defining the term ``rule'' to exclude ``any rule of agency 
organization, procedure, or practice that does not substantially affect 
the rights or obligations of non-agency parties''). DHS will 
nonetheless submit this final rule to both houses of Congress and the 
Comptroller General before the rule takes effect.

F. Executive Order 13132 (Federalism)

    This final rule does not have substantial direct effects on the 
States, on the relationship between the National Government and the 
States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the 
various levels of government. Therefore, in accordance with section 6 
of E.O. 13132, Federalism, 64 FR 43255 (Aug. 4, 1999), this rule does 
not have sufficient federalism implications to warrant the preparation 
of a federalism summary impact statement.

G. Executive Order 12988 (Civil Justice Reform)

    This final rule was drafted and reviewed in accordance with E.O. 
12988, Civil Justice Reform. This final rule was written to provide a 
clear legal standard for affected conduct and was reviewed carefully to 
eliminate drafting errors and ambiguities, so as to minimize litigation 
and undue burden on the Federal court system. DHS has determined that 
this rule meets the applicable standards provided in section 3 of E.O. 
12988.

H. Executive Order 13175 (Consultation and Coordination With Indian 
Tribal Governments)

    This final rule does not have Tribal implications under Executive 
Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal 
Governments, because it would not have a substantial direct effect on 
one or more Indian Tribes, on the relationship between the Federal 
Government and Indian Tribes, or on the distribution of power and

[[Page 49012]]

responsibilities between the Federal Government and Indian Tribes.

I. National Environmental Policy Act

    DHS and its components analyze final actions to determine whether 
the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq., 
applies to them and, if so, what degree of analysis is required. DHS 
Directive 023-01 Rev. 01 and Instruction Manual 023-01-001-01 Rev. 01 
(Instruction Manual) \6\ establish the policies and procedures that DHS 
and its components use to comply with NEPA, 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.\7\
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    \6\ The Instruction Manual contains DHS's procedures for 
implementing NEPA and was issued November 6, 2014, available at 
https://www.dhs.gov/publication/directive-023-01-rev-01-and-instruction-manual-023-01-001-01-rev-01-and-catex.
    \7\ The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) regulations, 40 
CFR parts 1500 through 1508. also discuss NEPA implementing 
procedures. DHS is aware of the November 12, 2024 decision in Marin 
Audubon Society v. FAA, 121 F.4th 902 (D.C. Cir. 2024), reh'g en 
banc denied, No. 23-1067, 2025 WL 374897 (D.C. Cir. Jan. 31, 2025). 
To the extent that a court may conclude that the CEQ regulations 
implementing NEPA are not judicially enforceable or binding on this 
agency action, DHS notes that its NEPA procedures and approach here 
are fully consistent with the NEPA statute in addition to being 
consistent with the CEQ regulations. Even in the absence of the CEQ 
regulations, DHS would proceed as it has here.
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    NEPA allows Federal agencies to establish categories of actions 
(``categorical exclusions'') that experience has shown do not, 
individually or cumulatively, have a significant effect on the human 
environment and, therefore, do not require an environmental assessment 
(EA) or environmental impact statement (EIS).\8\ See 42 U.S.C. 
4336(a)(2), 4336e(1). The Instruction Manual, Appendix A lists the DHS 
Categorical Exclusions.\9\
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    \8\ See also 40 CFR 1507.3(e)(2)(ii) and 1501.4.
    \9\ See Appendix A, Table 1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Under DHS NEPA implementing procedures, for an action to be 
categorically excluded, it must satisfy each of the following three 
conditions: (1) The entire action clearly fits within one or more of 
the categorical exclusions; (2) the action is not a piece of a larger 
action; and (3) no extraordinary circumstances exist that create the 
potential for a significant environmental effect.\10\
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    \10\ Instruction Manual 023-01 at V.B(2)(a)-(c).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    This rule amends DHS's existing regulations at 6 CFR part 13 to 
update the procedural requirements for assessing administrative false 
claim penalties. DHS has reviewed the rule and finds that the rule is 
of a strictly administrative or procedural nature, and that no 
significant impact on the environment, or any change in environmental 
effect will result from the rule.
    Accordingly, DHS finds that the promulgation of this final rule's 
amendments clearly fits within categorical exclusion A3 established in 
DHS's NEPA implementing procedures as an administrative change with no 
change in environmental effect, is not part of a larger federal action, 
and does not present extraordinary circumstances that create the 
potential for a significant environmental effect.

J. Paperwork Reduction Act

    This final rule calls for no new collection of information under 
the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, 44 U.S.C. 3501-3520.

List of Subjects in 6 CFR Part 13

    Administrative practice and procedure, Claims, Fraud, Penalties.

    For the reasons stated in the preamble, DHS amends 6 CFR part 13 as 
follows:

PART 13--ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDIES FOR FALSE CLAIMS AND STATEMENTS

0
1. The authority citation for part 13 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  Pub. L. 107-296, 116 Stat. 2135 (6 U.S.C., Ch. 1, 
sections 101 et seq.); 5 U.S.C. 301; 31 U.S.C. 3801-3812.


0
2. The heading for part 13 is revised to read as set forth above.

0
3. Amend Sec.  13.1 by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (a); and
0
b. Removing paragraph (d).
    The revision reads as follows:


Sec.  13.1  Basis, purpose, scope and effect.

    (a) Basis. This part implements the Administrative False Claims 
Act, as established by Public Law 118-159, 138 Stat. 2440 (Dec. 23, 
2024), to be codified at 31 U.S.C. 3801-3812. Section 3809 of title 31, 
United States Code, requires each authority to promulgate regulations 
necessary to implement the provisions of the statute.
* * * * *

0
4. Amend Sec.  13.2 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (a) and (e)(3);
0
b. Redesignating paragraphs (n), (o), (p), and (q) as paragraphs (p), 
(r), (s), and (t), respectively;
0
c. Adding new paragraphs (n), (o), and (q); and
0
d. Revising newly redesignated paragraphs (r) and (s).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  13.2  Definitions.

* * * * *
    (a) ALJ means an Administrative Law Judge in the Authority 
appointed pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 3105 or detailed to the Authority 
pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 3344.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (3) Made to the Authority which has the effect of concealing or 
improperly avoiding or decreasing an obligation to pay or transmit 
property, services, or money to the authority, except that such term 
does not include any claim made in any return of tax imposed by the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
* * * * *
    (n) Material has the meaning given the term in 31 U.S.C. 3729(b).
    (o) Obligation has the meaning given the term in 31 U.S.C. 3729(b).
* * * * *
    (q) Presiding Officer means a member of the board of contract 
appeals pursuant to 41 U.S.C. 7105, except when the Department of 
Homeland Security (DHS) employs an available ALJ under 31 U.S.C. 
3801(a)(7).
    (r) Representative of the Defendant means an attorney who is a 
member in good standing of the bar of any State, Territory, or 
possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, or the 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. This definition is not intended to 
foreclose pro se appearances. That is, an Individual may appear for 
himself or herself, and a corporation or other entity may appear by an 
owner, officer, or employee of the corporation or entity.
    (s) Reviewing Official means the General Counsel of the Department 
of Homeland Security, or other officer or employee of the Department 
who is designated by the General Counsel and eligible under 31 U.S.C. 
3801(a)(8). For purposes of this part, the Associate General Counsel, 
General Law, or designee, is designated legal counsel to the Reviewing 
Official.
* * * * *

0
5. Amend Sec.  13.3 by revising paragraphs (a)(5) and (b)(1)(i)(B) to 
read as follows:


Sec.  13.3  Basis for civil penalties and assessments.

    (a) * * *
    (5) If the Government has Made any payment (including transferred 
property or provided services) on a Claim, a Person subject to a civil 
penalty under paragraph (a)(1) of this section will also be subject to 
an assessment of not more than twice the amount of such Claim or that 
portion thereof that is determined to be in violation of paragraph 
(a)(1) of this section. Except for cases under 31 U.S.C. 3801(a)(3)(C), 
such assessment

[[Page 49013]]

will be in lieu of damages sustained by the Government because of such 
Claim.
    (b) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (i) * * *
    (B) Omits a material fact, resulting in a false, fictitious, or 
fraudulent Statement, where the Person making, presenting, or 
submitting it had a duty to include such material fact; and
* * * * *

0
6. Amend Sec.  13.6 by:
0
a. In paragraph (a)(2), removing the amount ``$150,000'' and adding in 
its place the amount ``$1,000,000''; and
0
b. Adding paragraph (d).
    The addition reads as follows:


Sec.  13.6  Prerequisites for issuing a Complaint.

* * * * *
    (d) The maximum amount in paragraph (a)(2) of this section shall be 
adjusted for inflation in the same manner and to the same extent as 
civil monetary penalties under the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation 
Adjustment Act (28 U.S.C. 2461).


Sec.  13.8  [AMENDED]

0
7. Amend Sec.  13.8 in paragraph (a) by adding at the end of the first 
sentence the words ``or the Rules of Procedure of the Civilian Board of 
Contract Appeals (Board Rules) when the Presiding Officer is a board 
judge''.

0
8. Revise Sec.  13.13 to read as follows:


Sec.  13.13  Parties to the hearing.

    The parties to the hearing will be the Defendant and the Authority.


Sec.  13.14  [AMENDED]

0
9. Amend Sec.  13.14 in paragraphs (a)(1) and (b) by removing the word 
``ALJ'' and adding in its place the words ``Presiding Officer''.


Sec.  13.15  [AMENDED]

0
10. Amend Sec.  13.15 by:
0
a. Removing the words ``ALJ's office'' and adding in their place the 
words ``Presiding Officer's office''; and
0
b. Removing the word ``ALJ'' adding in its place the words ``Presiding 
Officer''.

0
11. Amend Sec.  13.16 by:
0
a. Revising the section heading;
0
b. Removing the word ``ALJ'' wherever it appears and adding in its 
place the words ``Presiding Officer'';
0
c. Adding a sentence to the end of paragraph (d); and
0
d. Revising paragraph (e)(2).
    The revisions and addition read as follows:


Sec.  13.16  Disqualification of Reviewing Official or Presiding 
Officer.

* * * * *
    (d) * * * The Reviewing Official or Presiding Officer may request 
additional information to support an affidavit found to lack specific 
facts that support the party's belief that personal bias or other 
reason for disqualification exists.
    (e) * * *
    (2) If the Presiding Officer disqualifies himself or herself, the 
case will be reassigned promptly to another Presiding Officer. If a 
board judge disqualifies himself or herself, the case will be 
reassigned in accordance with relevant Board Rules.
* * * * *

0
12. Revise Sec.  13.45 to read as follows:


Sec.  13.45  Deposit in Treasury of United States.

    (a)(1) Any amount collected under this part shall be credited first 
to reimburse the authority or other Federal entity that expended costs 
in support of the investigation or prosecution of the action, including 
any court or hearing costs; and
    (2) Amounts reimbursed shall remain available until expended and be 
deposited in:
    (i) The appropriations account of the authority or other Federal 
entity from which the costs described in paragraph (a)(1) of this 
section were obligated;
    (ii) A similar appropriations account of the authority or other 
Federal entity; or
    (iii) If the authority or other Federal entity expended 
nonappropriated funds, another appropriate account.
    (b) Any amount remaining after reimbursements described in 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall be deposited as miscellaneous 
receipts in the Treasury of the United States.

0
13. Amend Sec.  13.46 by:
0
a. In paragraphs (b) and (c), removing the word ``ALJ'' and adding in 
its place the words ``Presiding Officer'';
0
b. Redesignating paragraph (f) as paragraph (g); and
0
c. Adding a new paragraph (f).
    The addition reads as follows:


Sec.  13.46  Compromise or settlement.

* * * * *
    (f) The reviewing official must notify the Attorney General in 
writing not later than 30 days before entering into any agreement to 
compromise or settle allegations of liability under 31 U.S.C. 3802 and 
before the date on which the reviewing official is permitted to refer 
allegations of liability to a Presiding Officer under 31 U.S.C. 
3803(b).
* * * * *

0
14. Amend Sec.  13.47 by revising paragraph (a) and adding paragraph 
(d) to read as follows:


Sec.  13.47  Limitations.

    (a) The notice of hearing with respect to a Claim or Statement must 
be served in the manner specified in Sec.  13.8 not later than the 
later of:
    (1) 6 years after the date on which such Claim or Statement is 
Made; or
    (2) 3 years after the date on which facts material to the action 
are known or reasonably should have been known by the authority head, 
but in no event more than 10 years after the date on which the 
violation is committed.
* * * * *
    (d) To the extent not inconsistent with statute, the Presiding 
Officer may modify hearing procedures to be consistent with this part 
in accordance with the Civilian Board of Contract Appeals or ALJ Rules 
of Procedure.


Sec.  Sec.  13.9 through 13.12, 13.17 through 13.19, 13.21 through 
13.24, 13.26, and 13.28 through 13.39   [AMENDED]

0
15. In addition to the amendments set forth above, in 6 CFR part 13, 
remove the word ``ALJ'' wherever it appears and add in its place the 
words ``Presiding Officer'' in the following sections:
    a. Section 13.9;
    b. Section 13.10;
    c. Section 13.11;
    d. Section 13.12;
    e. Section 13.17;
    f. Section 13.18;
    g. Section 13.19;
    h. Section 13.21;
    i. Section 13.22;
    j. Section 13.23;
    k. Section 13.24;
    l. Section 13.26;
    m. Section 13.28;
    n. Section 13.29;
    o. Section 13.30;
    p. Section 13.31;
    q. Section 13.32;
    r. Section 13.33;
    s. Section 13.34;
    t. Section 13.35;
    u. Section 13.36;
    v. Section 13.37;
    w. Section 13.38; and
    x. Section 13.39.

Kristi Noem,
Secretary, U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
[FR Doc. 2025-19740 Filed 10-31-25; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 9110-9B-P