[Federal Register Volume 90, Number 157 (Monday, August 18, 2025)]
[Notices]
[Pages 40055-40059]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2025-15636]


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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

International Trade Administration

[C-533-941]


Certain Freight Rail Couplers and Parts Thereof From India: 
Initiation of Countervailing Duty Investigation

AGENCY: Enforcement and Compliance, International Trade Administration, 
Department of Commerce.

DATES: Applicable August 12, 2025.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Joshua Jacobson, AD/CVD Operations, 
Office IV, Enforcement and Compliance,

[[Page 40056]]

International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1401 
Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20230; telephone: (202) 482-
0266.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

The Petition

    On July 23, 2025, the U.S. Department of Commerce (Commerce) 
received a countervailing duty (CVD) petition concerning imports of 
certain freight rail couplers and parts thereof (freight rail couplers) 
from India filed in proper form on behalf of the Coalition of Freight 
Coupler Producers (the petitioner).\1\ The CVD Petition was accompanied 
by antidumping duty (AD) petitions concerning imports of freight rail 
couplers from the Czech Republic and India.\2\
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    \1\ See Petitioner's Letter, ``Petitions for the Imposition of 
Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Orders,'' dated July 23, 2025 
(Petition). The members of the Coalition of Freight Coupler 
Producers (Coalition) are McConway and Torley, LLC (McConway and 
Torley), and the United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, 
Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial and Service Workers 
International Union (USW).
    \2\ Id.
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    Between July 28 and August 8, 2025, Commerce requested supplemental 
information pertaining to certain aspects of the Petition in 
supplemental questionnaires.\3\ Between July 30 and August 11, 2025, 
the petitioner filed timely responses to these requests for additional 
information.\4\
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    \3\ See Commerce's Letters, ``Supplemental Questions,'' dated 
July 28, 2025 (First General Issues Questionnaire), ``Supplemental 
Questions,'' dated July 28, 2025 (First India CVD Questionnaire); 
``Supplemental Questions,'' dated August 4, 2025 (Second General 
Issues Questionnaire); and ``Supplemental Questions,'' dated August 
8, 2025 (August 8, 2025, Supplemental Questionnaire).
    \4\ See Petitioner's Letters, ``Response to Supplemental 
Questions Regarding Volume I of the Petition,'' dated July 30, 2025 
(First General Issues Supplement), ``Response to Supplemental 
Questions Regarding Volume IV of the Petition,'' dated August 4, 
2025 (India CVD Supplement), ``Response to the Second Supplemental 
Questions Regarding Volume I of the Petition'', dated August 6, 2025 
(Second General Issues Supplement), and ``Response to Second 
Supplemental Questions Regarding Volume IV of the Petition,'' dated 
August 11, 2025 (August 11, 2025, Supplement).
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    In accordance with section 702(b)(1) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as 
amended (the Act), the petitioner alleges that the Government of India 
(GOI) is providing countervailable subsidies, within the meaning of 
sections 701 and 771(5) of the Act, to producers of freight rail 
couplers in India, and that such imports are materially injuring, or 
threatening material injury to, the domestic industry producing rebar 
in the United States. Consistent with section 702(b)(1) of the Act and 
19 CFR 351.202(b), for those alleged programs on which we are 
initiating a CVD investigation, the Petition was accompanied by 
information reasonably available to the petitioner supporting its 
allegations.
    Commerce finds that the petitioner filed the Petition on behalf of 
the domestic industry, because the petitioner is an interested party, 
as defined in section 771(9)(F) of the Act.\5\ Commerce also finds that 
the petitioner demonstrated sufficient industry support with respect to 
the initiation of the requested CVD investigation.\6\
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    \5\ The members of the Coalition (McConway and Torley and the 
USW) are interested parties as defined under sections 771(9)(C) and 
(D) of the Act, respectively.
    \6\ See section on ``Determination of Industry Support for the 
Petition,'' infra.
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Period of Investigation

    Because the Petition was filed on July 23, 2025, the period of 
investigation (POI) for the India CVD investigation is January 1, 2024, 
through December 31, 2024.\7\
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    \7\ See 19 CFR 351.204(b)(2).
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Scope of the Investigation

    The product covered by this investigation is freight rail couplers 
from India. For a full description of the scope of this investigation, 
see the appendix to this notice.

Comments on the Scope of the Investigation

    On August 4, 2025, Commerce requested information and clarification 
from the petitioner regarding the proposed scope to ensure that the 
scope language in the Petition is an accurate reflection of the 
products for which the domestic industry is seeking relief.\8\ On 
August 6, 2025, the petitioner provided clarifications and revised the 
scope.\9\ The description of the merchandise covered by this 
investigation, as described in the appendix to this notice, reflects 
these clarifications.
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    \8\ See Second General Issues Supplemental Questionnaire.
    \9\ See Second General Issues Supplement at 1-3 and Exhibits II-
Supp-1 through II-Supp-3.
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    As discussed in the Preamble to Commerce's regulations, we are 
setting aside a period for interested parties to raise issues regarding 
product coverage (i.e., scope).\10\ Commerce will consider all comments 
received from interested parties and, if necessary, will consult with 
interested parties prior to the issuance of the preliminary 
determinations. If scope comments include factual information, all such 
factual information should be limited to public information.\11\ 
Commerce requests that interested parties provide at the beginning of 
their scope comments a public executive summary for each comment or 
issue raised in their submission. Commerce further requests that 
interested parties limit their public executive summary of each comment 
or issue to no more than 450 words, not including citations. Commerce 
intends to use the public executive summaries as the basis of the 
comment summaries included in the analysis of scope comments. To 
facilitate preparation of its questionnaires, Commerce requests that 
scope comments be submitted by 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time (ET) on September 
2, 2025, which is the next business day after 20 calendar days from the 
signature date of this notice.\12\ Any rebuttal comments, which may 
include factual information, and should also be limited to public 
information, must be filed by 5:00 p.m. ET on September 12, 2025, which 
is 10 calendar days from the initial comment deadline.
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    \10\ See Antidumping Duties; Countervailing Duties; Final Rule, 
62 FR 27296, 27323 (May 19, 1997) (Preamble); see also 19 CFR 
351.312.
    \11\ See 19 CFR 351.102(b)(21) (defining ``factual 
information'').
    \12\ The deadline for scope comments falls on September 1, 2025, 
which is a federal holiday. In accordance with 19 CFR 351.303(b)(1), 
Commerce will accept scope comments filed by 5.00 p.m. ET on 
September 2, 2025 (``For both electronically and manually filed 
documents, if the applicable due date falls on a non-business day, 
the Secretary will accept documents that are filed on the next 
business day.'').
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    Commerce requests that any factual information that parties 
consider relevant to the scope of this investigation be submitted 
during that time period. However, if a party subsequently finds that 
additional factual information pertaining to the scope of the 
investigation may be relevant, the party must contact Commerce and 
request permission to submit the additional information. All scope 
comments must be filed simultaneously on the records of the concurrent 
AD and CVD investigations.

Filing Requirements

    All submissions to Commerce must be filed electronically via 
Enforcement and Compliance's Antidumping Duty and Countervailing Duty 
Centralized Electronic Service System (ACCESS), unless an exception 
applies.\13\ An electronically filed document must be

[[Page 40057]]

received successfully in its entirety by the time and date it is due.
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    \13\ See Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Proceedings: 
Electronic Filing Procedures; Administrative Protective Order 
Procedures, 76 FR 39263 (July 6, 2011); see also Enforcement and 
Compliance; Change of Electronic Filing System Name, 79 FR 69046 
(November 20, 2014), for details of Commerce's electronic filing 
requirements, effective August 5, 2011. Information on using ACCESS 
can be found at https://access.trade.gov/help.aspx and a handbook 
can be found at https://access.trade.gov/help/Handbook_on_Electronic_Filing_Procedures.pdf.
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Consultations

    Pursuant to sections 702(b)(4)(A)(i) and (ii) of the Act, Commerce 
notified the GOI of the receipt of the Petition and provided an 
opportunity for consultations with respect to the Petition.\14\ 
Commerce held consultations with the GOI on August 4, 2025.\15\
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    \14\ See Commerce's Letter, ``Invitation for Consultations to 
Discuss the Countervailing Duty Petition,'' dated July 23, 2025.
    \15\ See Memorandum, ``Consultations with the Government of 
India,'' dated August 7, 2025; see also GOI's Letter, ``Pre-
initiation Comments and Consultations Note,'' dated August 5, 2025.
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Determination of Industry Support for the Petition

    Section 702(b)(1) of the Act requires that a petition be filed on 
behalf of the domestic industry. Section 702(c)(4)(A) of the Act 
provides that a petition meets this requirement if the domestic 
producers or workers who support the petition account for: (i) at least 
25 percent of the total production of the domestic like product; and 
(ii) more than 50 percent of the production of the domestic like 
product produced by that portion of the industry expressing support 
for, or opposition to, the petition. Moreover, section 702(c)(4)(D) of 
the Act provides that, if the petition does not establish support of 
domestic producers or workers accounting for more than 50 percent of 
the total production of the domestic like product, Commerce shall: (i) 
poll the industry or rely on other information in order to determine if 
there is support for the petition, as required by subparagraph (A); or 
(ii) determine industry support using a statistically valid sampling 
method to poll the ``industry.''
    Section 771(4)(A) of the Act defines the ``industry'' as the 
producers as a whole of a domestic like product. Thus, to determine 
whether a petition has the requisite industry support, the statute 
directs Commerce to look to producers and workers who produce the 
domestic like product. The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), 
which is responsible for determining whether ``the domestic industry'' 
has been injured, must also determine what constitutes a domestic like 
product in order to define the industry. While both Commerce and the 
ITC must apply the same statutory definition regarding the domestic 
like product,\16\ they do so for different purposes and pursuant to a 
separate and distinct authority. In addition, Commerce's determination 
is subject to limitations of time and information. Although this may 
result in different definitions of the like product, such differences 
do not render the decision of either agency contrary to law.\17\
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    \16\ See section 771(10) of the Act.
    \17\ See USEC, Inc. v. United States, 132 F. Supp. 2d 1, 8 (CIT 
2001) (citing Algoma Steel Corp., Ltd. v. United States, 688 F. 
Supp. 639, 644 (CIT 1988), aff'd Algoma Steel Corp., Ltd. v. United 
States, 865 F.2d 240 (Fed. Cir. 1989)).
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    Section 771(10) of the Act defines the domestic like product as ``a 
product which is like, or in the absence of like, most similar in 
characteristics and uses with, the article subject to an investigation 
under this title.'' Thus, the reference point from which the domestic 
like product analysis begins is ``the article subject to an 
investigation'' (i.e., the class or kind of merchandise to be 
investigated, which normally will be the scope as defined in the 
petition).
    With regard to the domestic like product, the petitioner does not 
offer a definition of the domestic like product distinct from the scope 
of the investigation.\18\ Based on our analysis of the information 
submitted on the record, we have determined that freight rail couplers, 
as defined in the scope, constitute a single domestic like product, and 
we have analyzed industry support in terms of that domestic like 
product.\19\
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    \18\ For a discussion of the domestic like product analysis as 
applied to this case and information regarding industry support, see 
Checklist, ``Countervailing Duty Investigation Initiation Checklist: 
Certain Freight Rail Couplers and Parts Thereof from India'' dated 
concurrently with, and hereby adopted by, this notice, at Attachment 
II, Analysis of Industry Support for the Antidumping and 
Countervailing Duty Petitions Covering Certain Freight Rail Couplers 
and Parts Thereof from the Czech Republic and India (Attachment II). 
This checklist is on file electronically via ACCESS.
    \19\ For further discussion, see Attachment II of the India CVD 
Initiation Checklist.
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    In determining whether the petitioner has standing under section 
702(c)(4)(A) of the Act, we considered the industry support data 
contained in the Petition with reference to the domestic like product 
as defined in the ``Scope of the Investigation,'' in the appendix to 
this notice. To establish industry support, the petitioner provided the 
2024 production of the domestic like product for the U.S. producers 
that support the Petition and compared this to total production of the 
domestic like product by the U.S. freight rail couplers industry.\20\ 
We relied on data provided by the petitioner for purposes of measuring 
industry support.\21\
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    \20\ Id.
    \21\ Id.
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    Our review of the data provided in the Petition, the First General 
Issues Supplement, and other information readily available to Commerce 
indicates that the petitioner has established industry support for the 
Petition.\22\ First, the Petition established support from domestic 
producers (or workers) accounting for more than 50 percent of the total 
production of the domestic like product and, as such, Commerce is not 
required to take further action in order to evaluate industry support 
(e.g., polling).\23\ Second, the domestic producers (or workers) have 
met the statutory criteria for industry support under section 
702(c)(4)(A)(i) of the Act because the domestic producers (or workers) 
who support the Petition account for at least 25 percent of the total 
production of the domestic like product.\24\ Finally, the domestic 
producers (or workers) have met the statutory criteria for industry 
support under section 702(c)(4)(A)(ii) of the Act because the domestic 
producers (or workers) who support the Petition account for more than 
50 percent of the production of the domestic like product produced by 
that portion of the industry expressing support for, or opposition to, 
the Petition.\25\ Accordingly, Commerce determines that the Petition 
was filed on behalf of the domestic industry within the meaning of 
section 702(b)(1) of the Act.\26\
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    \22\ Id.
    \23\ Id.; see also section 702(c)(4)(D) of the Act.
    \24\ See Attachment II of the India CVD Initiation Checklist.
    \25\ Id.
    \26\ Id.
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Injury Test

    Because India is a ``Subsidies Agreement Country'' within the 
meaning of section 701(b) of the Act, section 701(a)(2) of the Act 
applies to this investigation. Accordingly, the ITC must determine 
whether imports of the subject merchandise from India materially 
injure, or threaten material injury to, a U.S. industry.

Allegations and Evidence of Material Injury and Causation

    The petitioner alleges that imports of subject merchandise are 
benefiting from countervailable subsidies and that such imports are 
causing, or threaten to cause, material injury to the U.S. industry 
producing the domestic like product. In addition, the petitioner 
alleges that subject imports exceed the negligibility threshold 
provided for under section 771(24)(A) of the Act.\27\
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    \27\ For further information regarding negligibility and the 
injury allegation, see India CVD Initiation Checklist at Attachment 
III, Analysis of Allegations and Evidence of Material Injury and 
Causation for the Antidumping Duty and Countervailing Duty Petitions 
Covering Freight Rail Couplers from the Czech Republic and India 
(Attachment III).

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[[Page 40058]]

    The petitioner contends that the industry's injured condition is 
illustrated by the significant volume of subject imports; reduced 
market share; underselling and price depression and/or suppression; 
negative impact on financial performance; declines in the domestic 
industry's production, capacity utilization, and U.S. shipments; 
decrease in production related workers, total hours worked, and wages; 
and lost sales and revenues.\28\ We assessed the allegations and 
supporting evidence regarding material injury, threat of material 
injury, causation, cumulation, as well as negligibility, and we have 
determined that these allegations are properly supported by adequate 
evidence and meet the statutory requirements for initiation.\29\
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    \28\ See Attachment III of the India CVD Initiation Checklist.
    \29\ Id.
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Initiation of CVD Investigation

    Based upon the examination of the Petition and supplemental 
responses, we find that they meet the requirements of section 702 of 
the Act. Therefore, we are initiating a CVD investigation to determine 
whether imports of freight rail couplers from India benefit from 
countervailable subsidies conferred by the GOI. In accordance with 
section 703(b)(1) of the Act and 19 CFR 351.205(b)(1), unless 
postponed, we will make our preliminary determination no later than 65 
days after the date of this initiation.
    Based on our review of the Petition, we find that there is 
sufficient information to initiate a CVD investigation on all programs 
alleged by the petitioner. For a full discussion of the basis for our 
decision to initiate on each program, see the India CVD Initiation 
Checklist. A public version of the initiation checklist for this 
investigation is available on ACCESS.

Respondent Selection

    In the Petition, the petitioner identified five companies in India 
as producers and/or exporters of freight rail couplers.\30\
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    \30\ See August 11, 2025, Supplement at Exhibit IV-2SUPP-5.
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    Commerce intends to follow its standard practice in CVD 
investigations and calculate company-specific subsidy rates in this 
investigation. In the event that Commerce determines that the number of 
companies is large and it cannot individually examine each company 
based on Commerce's resources, Commerce normally selects mandatory 
respondents in CVD investigations using U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection (CBP) entry data for U.S. imports under the appropriate 
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) subheading(s) 
listed in the ``Scope of the Investigation'' in the appendix. However, 
for this investigation, the main HTSUS subheading under which the 
subject merchandise entered during the POI (8607.30.1000) is a basket 
category under which non-subject merchandise may also enter. Therefore, 
instead of relying on CBP entry data in selecting respondents, we 
intend to issue quantity and value (Q&V) questionnaires to each 
potential respondent for which there is complete address information on 
the record.
    Commerce will post the Q&V questionnaires along with filing 
instructions on Commerce's website at https://www.trade.gov/ec-adcvd-case-announcements. Producers/exporters of freight rail couplers in 
India that do not receive Q&V questionnaires may still submit a 
response to the Q&V questionnaire and can obtain a copy of the Q&V 
questionnaire from Commerce's website. Responses to the Q&V 
questionnaire must be submitted by the relevant producers/exporters no 
later than 5:00 p.m. ET on August 26, 2025, which is two weeks from the 
signature date of this notice. All Q&V questionnaire responses must be 
filed electronically via ACCESS. An electronically filed document must 
be received successfully, in its entirety, by ACCESS no later than 5:00 
p.m. ET on the deadline noted above.
    Interested parties must submit applications for disclosure under 
administrative protective order (APO) in accordance with 19 CFR 
351.305(b). Instructions for filing such applications may be found on 
Commerce's website at https://www.trade.gov/administrative-protective-orders.

Distribution of a Copy of the Petition

    In accordance with section 702(b)(4)(A) of the Act and 19 CFR 
351.202(f), a copy of the public version of the Petition has been 
provided to the GOI via ACCESS. To the extent practicable, we will 
attempt to provide a copy of the public version of the Petition to each 
exporter named in the Petition, as provided under 19 CFR 351.203(c)(2).

ITC Notification

    Commerce will notify the ITC of its initiation, as required by 
section 702(d) of the Act.

Preliminary Determination by the ITC

    The ITC will preliminarily determine, within 45 days after the date 
on which the Petition was filed, whether there is a reasonable 
indication that imports of freight rail couplers from India are 
materially injuring, or threatening material injury to, a U.S. 
industry.\31\ A negative ITC determination will result in the 
investigation being terminated.\32\ Otherwise, this CVD investigation 
will proceed according to statutory and regulatory time limits.
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    \31\ See section 703(a)(1) of the Act.
    \32\ Id.
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Submission of Factual Information

    Factual information is defined in 19 CFR 351.102(b)(21) as: (i) 
evidence submitted in response to questionnaires; (ii) evidence 
submitted in support of allegations; (iii) publicly available 
information to value factors of production under 19 CFR 351.408(c) or 
to measure the adequacy of remuneration under 19 CFR 351.511(a)(2); 
(iv) evidence placed on the record by Commerce; and (v) evidence other 
than factual information described in (i)-(iv). Section 351.301(b) of 
Commerce's regulations requires any party, when submitting factual 
information, to specify under which subsection of 19 CFR 351.102(b)(21) 
the information is being submitted \33\ and, if the information is 
submitted to rebut, clarify, or correct factual information already on 
the record, to provide an explanation identifying the information 
already on the record that the factual information seeks to rebut, 
clarify, or correct.\34\ Time limits for the submission of factual 
information are addressed in 19 CFR 351.301, which provides specific 
time limits based on the type of factual information being submitted. 
Interested parties should review the regulations prior to submitting 
factual information in this investigation.
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    \33\ See 19 CFR 351.301(b).
    \34\ See 19 CFR 351.301(b)(2).
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Extensions of Time Limits

    Parties may request an extension of time limits before the 
expiration of a time limit established under 19 CFR 351.301, or as 
otherwise specified by Commerce. In general, an extension request will 
be considered untimely if it is filed after the expiration of the time 
limit established under 19 CFR 351.301, or as otherwise specified by 
Commerce.\35\ For submissions that are due from multiple parties 
simultaneously, an extension request will be considered untimely if it 
is filed

[[Page 40059]]

after 10:00 a.m. ET on the due date. Under certain circumstances, 
Commerce may elect to specify a different time limit by which extension 
requests will be considered untimely for submissions which are due from 
multiple parties simultaneously. In such a case, we will inform parties 
in a letter or memorandum of the deadline (including a specified time) 
by which extension requests must be filed to be considered timely. An 
extension request must be made in a separate, standalone submission; 
under limited circumstances we will grant untimely filed requests for 
the extension of time limits, where we determine, based on 19 CFR 
351.302, that extraordinary circumstances exist. Parties should review 
Commerce's regulations concerning the extension of time limits and the 
Time Limits Final Rule prior to submitting factual information in this 
investigation.\36\
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    \35\ See 19 CFR 351.302.
    \36\ See 19 CFR 351.301; see also Extension of Time Limits; 
Final Rule, 78 FR 57790 (September 20, 2013) (Time Limits Final 
Rule), available at https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-09-20/html/2013-22853.htm.
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Certification Requirements

    Any party submitting factual information in an AD or CVD proceeding 
must certify to the accuracy and completeness of that information.\37\ 
Parties must use the certification formats provided in 19 CFR 
351.303(g).\38\ Commerce intends to reject factual submissions if the 
submitting party does not comply with the applicable certification 
requirements.
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    \37\ See section 782(b) of the Act.
    \38\ See Certification of Factual Information to Import 
Administration During Antidumping and Countervailing Duty 
Proceedings, 78 FR 42678 (July 17, 2013) (Final Rule); see also 
frequently asked questions regarding the Final Rule, available at 
https://enforcement.trade.gov/tlei/notices/factual_info_final_rule_FAQ_07172013.pdf.
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Notification to Interested Parties

    Interested parties must submit applications for disclosure under 
APO in accordance with 19 CFR 351.305. Parties wishing to participate 
in this investigation should ensure that they meet the requirements of 
19 CFR 351.103(d) (e.g., by filing the required letters of appearance). 
Note that Commerce has amended certain of its requirements pertaining 
to the service of documents in 19 CFR 351.303(f).\39\
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    \39\ See Administrative Protective Order, Service, and Other 
Procedures in Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Proceedings, 88 FR 
67069 (September 29, 2023).
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    This notice is issued and published pursuant to sections 702 and 
777(i) of the Act, and 19 CFR 351.203(c).

    Dated: August 12, 2025.
Christopher Abbott,
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy and Negotiations, performing the 
non-exclusive functions and duties of the Assistant Secretary for 
Enforcement and Compliance.

Appendix

Scope of the Investigation

    The scope of this investigation covers certain freight railcar 
couplers (also known as ``fits'' or ``assemblies'') and parts 
thereof. Freight rail couplers are composed of two main parts, 
namely knuckles and coupler bodies but may also include other items 
(e.g., coupler locks, lock lift assemblies, knuckle pins, knuckle 
throwers, and rotors). The parts covered by the investigation 
include: (1) E coupler bodies; (2) E/F coupler bodies; (3) F coupler 
bodies; (4) E knuckles; (5) F knuckles; as set forth by the 
Association of American Railroads (AAR). The freight rail coupler 
parts are included within the scope of the investigation when 
imported individually.
    Subject freight rail couplers and parts are included within the 
scope whether finished or unfinished, whether imported individually 
or with other subject or nonsubject parts, whether assembled or 
unassembled, whether mounted or unmounted, or if joined with 
nonsubject merchandise, such as other nonsubject parts or a 
completed railcar. Finishing includes, but is not limited to, arc 
washing, welding, grinding, shot blasting, heat treatment, 
machining, and assembly of various parts. When a subject coupler or 
subject parts are mounted on or to other nonsubject merchandise, 
such as a railcar, only the coupler or subject parts are covered by 
the scope.
    The finished products covered by the scope of this investigation 
meet or exceed the AAR specifications of M-211, ``Foundry and 
Product Approval Requirements for the Manufacture of Couplers, 
Coupler Yokes, Knuckles, Follower Blocks, and Coupler Parts,'' and/
or AAR M-215 ``Coupling Systems,'' or other equivalent domestic or 
international standards (including any revisions to the 
standard(s)).
    The country of origin for subject couplers and parts thereof, 
whether fully assembled, unfinished or finished, or attached to a 
railcar, is the country where the subject coupler parts were cast or 
forged. Subject merchandise includes coupler parts as defined above 
that have been further processed or further assembled, including 
those coupler parts attached to a railcar in third countries. 
Further processing includes, but is not limited to, arc washing, 
welding, grinding, shot blasting, heat treatment, painting, coating, 
priming, machining, and assembly of various parts. The inclusion, 
attachment, joining, or assembly of nonsubject parts with subject 
parts or couplers either in the country of manufacture of the in-
scope product or in a third country does not remove the subject 
parts or couplers from the scope.
    The couplers that are the subject of this investigation are 
classifiable in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States 
(HTSUS) statistical reporting numbers 8607.30.1010, 8607.30.1050, 
and 8607.30.1090. Subject merchandise attached to finished railcars 
may also enter under HTSUS statistical reporting numbers 
7326.90.8688, 8606.10.0000, 8606.91.0000, 8606.92.0000, 
8606.99.0130, or under subheading 8606.99.0160. Subject merchandise 
may also be imported under HTSUS statistical reporting number 
7325.99.5000. These HTSUS subheadings are provided for convenience 
and customs purposes only; the written description of the scope of 
this investigation is dispositive.

[FR Doc. 2025-15636 Filed 8-15-25; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-DS-P