[Federal Register Volume 90, Number 135 (Thursday, July 17, 2025)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 33263-33267]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2025-13422]
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Rules and Regulations
Federal Register
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This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains regulatory documents
having general applicability and legal effect, most of which are keyed
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under 50 titles pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 1510.
The Code of Federal Regulations is sold by the Superintendent of Documents.
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Federal Register / Vol. 90, No. 135 / Thursday, July 17, 2025 / Rules
and Regulations
[[Page 33263]]
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
10 CFR Parts 12 and 13
[NRC-2025-0019]
RIN 3150-AL31
Administrative False Claims Act of 2023
AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is amending its
Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act (PFCRA) regulations to ensure
compliance with the Administrative False Claims Act of 2023 (AFCA). The
AFCA requires agencies to review and update existing regulations to
ensure compliance with the AFCA amendments. This final rule includes
changes to the NRC's PFCRA regulations required to meet the AFCA
amendments and includes edits to correct typographical errors.
DATES: This final rule is effective on July 17, 2025.
ADDRESSES: Please refer to Docket ID NRC-2025-0019 when contacting the
NRC about the availability of information for this action. You may
obtain publicly available information related to this action by any of
the following methods:
Federal Rulemaking Website: Go to https://www.regulations.gov and search for Docket ID NRC-2025-0019. Address
questions about NRC dockets to Helen Chang; telephone: 301-415-3228;
email: [email protected]. For technical questions, contact the
individual listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section of
this document.
NRC's Agencywide Documents Access and Management System
(ADAMS): You may obtain publicly available documents online in the
ADAMS Public Documents collection at https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html. To begin the search, select ``Begin Web-based ADAMS
Search.'' For problems with ADAMS, please contact the NRC's Public
Document Room (PDR) reference staff at 1-800-397-4209, at 301-415-4737,
or by email to [email protected]. The unofficial redline strikeout
version of the final rule changes to regulatory text is available in
ADAMS under Accession No. ML25106A060.
NRC's PDR: The PDR, where you may examine and order copies
of publicly available documents, is open by appointment. To make an
appointment to visit the PDR, please send an email to
[email protected] or call 1-800-397-4209 or 301-415-4737, between 8
a.m. and 4 p.m. eastern time, Monday through Friday, except Federal
holidays.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Amy McKenna, Office of Nuclear
Material Safety and Safeguards, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
Washington, DC 20555-0001; email: [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Table of Contents
I. Background
II. Discussion
III. Rulemaking Procedure
IV. Section-by-Section Analysis
V. Regulatory Flexibility Act
VI. Regulatory Analysis
VII. Backfitting and Issue Finality
VIII. Plain Writing
IX. National Environmental Policy Act
X. Paperwork Reduction Act
XI. Regulatory Planning and Review
XII. Congressional Review Act
I. Background
In 1986, Congress enacted the Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act
(PFCRA), a statute that provides Federal agencies, when the U.S.
Department of Justice (DOJ) approves, a remedy to recover government
losses resulting from false claims and fraud. Considered a ``sister
scheme'' to the False Claims Act (FCA), a broader Federal law that
allows the DOJ to pursue larger-scale fraud cases, PFCRA cases
typically involved smaller claims and false statements that the DOJ may
not otherwise select for criminal or civil enforcement. When it was
enacted, the PFCRA required Federal agencies, including the NRC, to
promulgate rules and regulations to implement the PFCRA's provisions
(31 U.S.C. 3809). The NRC's implementing PFCRA regulations were
finalized in 1991 (56 FR 47135) and are found in part 13 of title 10 of
the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR), ``Program Fraud Civil
Remedies.''
II. Discussion
On December 23, 2024, the ``Servicemember Quality of Life
Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
2025'' (NDAA) was signed into law. Found at Section 5203 of the NDAA is
the AFCA, which amends and renames the PFCRA. The AFCA, 31 U.S.C. 3801-
3812, requires Federal agencies to amend their existing regulations and
procedures to comply with the statute no later than June 21, 2025. This
final rule amends 10 CFR part 13, ``Program Fraud Civil Remedies,''
along with the references to the PFCRA contained in 10 CFR part 12,
``Implementation of the Equal Access to Justice Act in Agency
Proceedings,'' to implement the following statutory changes consistent
with the AFCA:
Replacing all references to the PFCRA with the AFCA. The
NDAA changes the PFCRA's official short title to the AFCA and states
that any reference to the PFCRA in any law, regulation, map, document,
record, or other paper of the United States is now a reference to the
AFCA. This final rule revises the statute title from the PFCRA to the
AFCA throughout 10 CFR parts 12 and 13, including updating the
referenced statute at Sec. Sec. 12.101, ``Purpose,'' and 12.103,
``Proceedings covered''; retitling the part heading at 10 CFR part 13;
and updating the referenced statute at Sec. Sec. 13.1, ``Basis and
purpose,'' and 13.4, ``Investigation.''
Replacing the maximum recoverable amount through an AFCA
case from $150,000 to $1 million. Previously, the PFCRA only authorized
Federal agencies to bring a case administratively for no more than
$150,000 per claim (or groups of related claims). The AFCA raises the
potential recovery amount for an AFCA claim (or groups of related
claims) to $1 million. Accordingly, this final rule revises Sec. 13.6,
``Prerequisities for issuing a complaint,'' to increase the amount of
$150,000 to $1,000,000 at paragraph (a)(2). The civil penalty of not
more than $14,308 for each such claim or statement remains the same in
paragraphs (a)(1)(iv) and (b)(1)(ii) of
[[Page 33264]]
Sec. 13.3, ``Basis for civil penalties and assessments.''
Additionally, this final rule corrects, i.e., retitles, the
typographical error in the section heading of Sec. 13.6, from
``Prerequisities'' to ``Prerequisites.''
Revising the regulations to state that any money collected
goes first to reimburse the agency or any Federal entity that expended
costs for investigation and prosecution costs, and then any excess
would go to the U.S. Treasury. Previously, under the PFCRA, a Federal
agency would bear the costs of investigating and prosecuting a PFCRA
case, and with limited exceptions not relevant to the NRC, all
penalties or assessments would be deposited as miscellaneous receipts
in the U.S. Treasury. The AFCA, in contrast, now provides that any
penalty or assessment amount collected is first credited to the
authority or other Federal entity that expended costs in support of the
investigation or prosecution of the action, including any court or
hearing costs, with only the remainder (if any) going to the U.S.
Treasury as miscellaneous receipts. This final rule retitles the
section heading for Sec. 13.45, ``Deposit in Treasury of United
States,'' to ``Recovery of Costs and Deposit in Treasury of United
States,'' to align with the AFCA changes.
Adding definitions for ``material'' and ``obligation.''
The AFCA, 31 U.S.C. 3801(a), adopts by reference the definitions for
the terms ``material'' and ``obligation'' from the False Claims Act,
another Federal statute that allows the DOJ to pursue large-scale fraud
cases. Previously, these terms were undefined in the PFCRA. As stated
in the AFCA, ``obligation'' has the meaning given in the False Claims
Act, 31 U.S.C. 3729(b), which defines the term to mean an established
duty, whether or not fixed, arising from an express or implied
contractual, grantor-grantee, or licensor-licensee relationship, from a
fee-based or similar relationship, from statute or regulation, or from
the retention of any overpayment. For purposes of determining AFCA
liability for a false claim or statement submitted to the Government,
materiality shall be determined in the same manner as under the False
Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. 3729(b), which defines material to mean having a
natural tendency to influence, or be capable of influencing, the
payment or receipt of money or property. Accordingly, this final rule
adds a new definition for ``obligation'' in Sec. 13.2,
``Definitions,'' and new paragraph (f) to Sec. 13.3 to reference the
AFCA definition for ``material.''
Expanding the list of claims that Federal agencies can
pursue. The AFCA expands the list of claims that a Federal agency can
pursue by imposing liability for submissions of ``reverse false
claims.'' A reverse false claim is when a person acts improperly--not
to get money from the Government--but to avoid having to pay money to
the Government. The AFCA amends the provision defining one category of
claims so that it now allows a Federal agency to pursue a claim against
any person for an act that has the effect of concealing or improperly
avoiding or decreasing an ``obligation'' (as newly defined under the
AFCA amendments) to pay or transmit property, services, or money to the
Government. This final rule revises the current definition of
``Claim,'' as used in this part at Sec. 13.2, to describe concealing
or improperly avoiding or decreasing an obligation.
Revising the statute of limitations for an AFCA action.
The AFCA revises the statute of limitations for when a Federal agency
can bring an AFCA action, both by giving agencies direct control over
whether any given action will comply with the statute of limitations
and by extending the statute of limitations period in certain
situations. Previously, under the PFCRA, the statute of limitations for
an AFCA action was met if the hearing was ``commenced'' within 6 years
after the date of the alleged violation. The new statute of limitations
for an AFCA action is that the agency must serve notice to the person
alleged to be liable with respect to a claim or statement no later than
the later of either: (a) 6 years after the date on which the violation
is committed; or (b) 3 years after the date on which facts material to
the action are known or reasonably should have been known by the
agency, but in no event more than 10 years after the date on which the
violation is committed. This final rule revises paragraphs (a) and (b)
of Sec. 13.47, ``Limitations,'' to align with this change under the
AFCA.
Adding a notification requirement for the reviewing
official. Under the AFCA, as was also true under the PFCRA, the
reviewing official has the exclusive authority to compromise or settle
any allegations of AFCA liability against a person at any time after
the date on which the DOJ authorizes the case to move forward and prior
to the date the presiding officer issues a decision. However, the AFCA
now requires that the reviewing official notify the Attorney General in
writing not later than 30 days before entering into any agreement to
compromise or settle allegations of liability under the AFCA and before
the date on which the reviewing official is permitted to refer the
allegations of liability to a presiding officer. This final rule
revises paragraph (b) of Sec. 13.46, ``Compromise or settlement,'' to
align with the AFCA notification requirement. Additionally, this final
rule corrects the typographical errors in Sec. 13.46(c) and (d), from
``pendancy'' to ``pendency.''
The NRC prepared an unofficial redline strikeout version of the
final rule changes to regulatory text that is intended to help the
reader identify the changes. The unofficial redline strikeout version
of the final rule is publicly available at ADAMS Accession No.
ML25106A060. The NRC is providing the unofficial redline for public
information but is not seeking public comment on the unofficial
redline.
III. Rulemaking Procedure
This final rule is being issued without prior public notice or
opportunity for public comments. The Administrative Procedure Act (5
U.S.C. 553(b)(B)) does not require an agency to use the public notice
and comment process ``when the agency for good cause finds (and
incorporates the finding and a brief statement of reasons therefore in
the rules issued) that notice and public procedure thereon are
impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public interest.'' In
this instance, the NRC finds, for good cause, that solicitation of
public comment on this final rule is unnecessary. This final rule is
limited to changes to implement the AFCA amendments to NRC's PFCRA
regulations. Public comments on these rule revisions could not result
in changes to the revisions because the rule revisions implement
statutory changes. Accordingly, seeking comment on these rule revisions
would not be necessary and, therefore, is not required under the
Administrative Procedure Act. For these same reasons, the NRC also
finds good cause to waive the 30-day delay in the effective date under
5 U.S.C. 553(d).
IV. Section-by-Section Analysis
The following paragraphs describe the specific changes in this
final rule:
Nomenclature Change
Throughout 10 CFR part 12, this final rule removes the title of the
statute ``Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act'' and replaces it with the
new name of the statute, ``Administrative False Claims Act.''
10 CFR Part 13 Basis and Purpose
This final rule revises the heading of 10 CFR part 13 from
``Program Fraud Civil Remedies'' to ``Administrative Remedies for False
Claims and Statements.''
[[Page 33265]]
Section 13.1 Basis and Purpose
This final rule replaces the reference to ``Program Fraud Civil
Remedies Act'' with the new name of the statute, ``Administrative False
Claims Act.''
Section 13.2 Definitions
This final rule revises the definition for ``Claim'' to include any
request, demand, or submission made to the authority which has the
effect of concealing or improperly avoiding or decreasing an obligation
to pay or transmit property, services, or money. This final rule also
adds a definition for ``Obligation,'' which was previously undefined in
the PFCRA, to mean an established duty, whether or not fixed, arising
from an express or implied contractual, grantor-grantee, or licensor-
licensee relationship, from a fee-based or similar relationship, from
statute or regulation, or from the retention of any overpayment.
Section 13.3 Basis for Civil Penalties and Assessments
This final rule adds Sec. 13.3(f) which states that for purposes
of determining AFCA liability for a false claim or statement submitted
to the Government, materiality shall be determined in the same manner
as under the False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. 3729, which defines material
to mean having a natural tendency to influence, or be capable of
influencing, the payment or receipt of money or property.
Section 13.4 Investigation
This final rule replaces the reference to ``Program Fraud Civil
Remedies Act'' in Sec. 13.4(b) with the new name of the statute,
``Administrative False Claims Act.''
Section 13.6 Prerequisities for Issuing a Complaint
This final rule replaces the $150,000 amount listed in Sec.
13.6(a)(2) with $1,000,000, the expanded recovery amount available to
agencies who pursue a false claim or statement under the AFCA. This
final rule also corrects, i.e., retitles, the typographical error in
the section heading of Sec. 13.6, from ``Prerequisities'' to
``Prerequisites.''
Section 13.45 Deposit in Treasury of United States
This final rule renames Sec. 13.45 from ``Deposit in Treasury of
United States'' to ``Recovery of Costs and Deposit in Treasury of
United States,'' to reflect the updates made by the AFCA. This rule
also replaces the language in Sec. 13.45 to include the statutory
language in the AFCA, which states that any amount collected for AFCA
liability shall be credited first to reimburse the authority or other
Federal entity that expended costs in support of the investigation or
prosecution of the action, including any court or hearing costs, and
any amount remaining after reimbursements shall be deposited as
miscellaneous receipts in the U.S. Treasury, except as provided in 31
U.S.C. 3806(g).
Section 13.46 Compromise or Settlement
This final rule adds a new sentence to Sec. 13.46(b) which states
that before compromising or settling a case under part 13, a reviewing
official shall notify the Attorney General in writing not later than 30
days before entering any agreement to compromise or settle allegations
under part 13 and before the date on which the reviewing official is
permitted to refer AFCA allegations of liability to a presiding
officer. This final rule also corrects the typographical errors in
Sec. 13.46(c) and (d), from ``pendancy'' to ``pendency.''
Section 13.47 Limitations
This final rule revises the language relating to the statute of
limitations for an AFCA case in Sec. 13.47(a) and (b). Specifically,
this final rule revises the limitations language in Sec. 13.47(a) to
state that a notice to the person alleged to be liable under part 13
with respect to a claim or statement shall be served in the manner
specified in Sec. 13.8 not later than the later of 6 years after the
date on which the violation is committed; or 3 years after the date on
which facts material to the action are known or reasonably should have
been known by the authority head, but in no event more than 10 years
after the date on which the violation is committed. The final rule also
adds language from the statute in Sec. 13.47(b) that states that a
civil action to recover a penalty or assessment under this part shall
be commenced within 3 years after the date on which the determination
of liability for such penalty or assessment becomes final.
V. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act does not apply to regulations for
which a Federal agency is not required by law, including the rulemaking
provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. 553(b), to
publish a general notice of proposed rulemaking (5 U.S.C. 604). As
discussed in this document under Section III, ``Rulemaking Procedure,''
the NRC is not publishing this final rule for notice and comment.
Accordingly, the NRC has determined that the requirements of the
Regulatory Flexibility Act do not apply to this final rule.
VI. Regulatory Analysis
A regulatory analysis has not been prepared for this final rule. As
discussed in this document under Section III, ``Rulemaking Procedure,''
the AFCA requires that the NRC perform this rulemaking to align the
NRC's regulations with the AFCA amendments. This final rule does not
involve an exercise of Commission discretion. Direct monetary impacts
fall only upon those licensees or persons subjected to liability
pursuant to the provisions of the AFCA (31 U.S.C. 3801-3812) and the
NRC's implementing regulations (10 CFR part 13).
VII. Backfitting and Issue Finality
The NRC has not prepared a backfit analysis for this final rule.
This final rule does not involve any provision that would impose a
backfit, nor is it inconsistent with any issue finality provision, as
those terms are defined in 10 CFR chapter I. The changes in this final
rule update the NRC's regulations to implement statutory changes in the
AFCA to align the NRC's regulations with the AFCA amendments. The final
rule does not modify any licensee systems, structures, components,
designs, approvals, or procedures required for the construction or
operation of any facility.
VIII. Plain Writing
The Plain Writing Act of 2010 (Pub. L. 111-274) requires Federal
agencies to write documents in a clear, concise, and well-organized
manner. The NRC has written this document to be consistent with the
Plain Writing Act as well as the Presidential Memorandum, ``Plain
Language in Government Writing,'' published June 10, 1998 (63 FR
31885).
IX. National Environmental Policy Act
The NRC has determined that this final rule is the type of action
described in 10 CFR 51.22(c)(1) that is categorically excluded from
environmental review. Therefore, neither an environmental impact
statement nor an environmental assessment has been prepared for this
final rule.
X. Paperwork Reduction Act
This final rule does not contain a collection of information as
defined in the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.)
and, therefore, is not subject to the requirements of the Paperwork
Reduction Act of 1995.
[[Page 33266]]
XI. Regulatory Planning and Review
Executive Order (E.O.) 12866, as amended by E.O. 14215, provides
that the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) will
determine whether a regulatory action is significant as defined by E.O.
12866 and will review all significant regulatory actions. OIRA
determined that this final rule is not a significant regulatory action
under E.O. 12866.
XII. Congressional Review Act
This final rule is a rule as defined in the Congressional Review
Act (5 U.S.C. 801-808). However, the Office of Management and Budget
has not found it to be a major rule as defined in the Congressional
Review Act.
List of Subjects
10 CFR Part 12
Adversary adjudications, Award, Claims, Equal access to justice,
Final disposition, Fraud, Net worth, Party, Penalties.
10 CFR Part 13
Administrative practice and procedure, Claims, Fraud, Organization
and functions (Government agencies), Penalties.
For the reasons set out in the preamble and under the authority of
the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended; the Energy Reorganization
Act of 1974, as amended; and 5 U.S.C. 552 and 553, the NRC amends 10
CFR parts 12 and 13 as set forth below:
PART 12--IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EQUAL ACCESS TO JUSTICE ACT IN
AGENCY PROCEEDINGS
0
1. The authority citation for part 12 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 5 U.S.C. 504(c)(1).
Sec. 12.101 [Amended]
0
2. In Sec. 12.101, remove the term ``Program Fraud Civil Remedies
Act'' and add in its place the term ``Administrative False Claims
Act''.
Sec. 12.103 [Amended]
0
3. In Sec. 12.103, remove the term ``Program Fraud Civil Remedies
Act'' and add in its place the term ``Administrative False Claims
Act''.
PART 13--ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDIES FOR FALSE CLAIMS AND STATEMENTS
0
4. The authority citation for part 13 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 31 U.S.C. 3801 through 3812; 44 U.S.C. 3504 note.
Section 13.3 also issued under 28 U.S.C. 2461 note.
Section 13.13 also issued under 31 U.S.C. 3730.
0
5. Revise the heading of part 13 to read as set forth above.
Sec. 13.1 [Amended]
0
6. In Sec. 13.1(a), remove ``Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act of 1986,
Public Law 99-509, Sec. 6101-6104, 100 Stat. 1874 (October 21, 1986)''
and add in its place ``Administrative False Claims Act of 2023''.
0
7. In Sec. 13.2:
0
a. Revise the definition of ``Claim''; and
0
b. Add the definition of ``Obligation'' in alphabetical order.
The revision and addition read as follows:
Sec. 13.2 Definitions.
* * * * *
Claim means any request, demand, or submission--
(1) Made to the authority for property, services, or money
(including money representing grants, loans, insurance, or benefits);
(2) Made to a recipient of property, services, or money from the
authority or to a party to a contract with the authority--
(i) For property or services if the United States--
(A) Provided such property or services;
(B) Provided any portion of the funds for the purchase of such
property or services; or
(C) Will reimburse such recipient or party for the purchase of such
property or services; or
(ii) For the payment of money (including money representing grants,
loans, insurance, or benefits) if the United States--
(A) Provided any portion of the money requested or demanded; or
(B) Will reimburse such recipient or party for any portion of the
money paid on such request or demand; or
(3) Made to the authority which has the effect of concealing or
improperly avoiding or decreasing an obligation to pay or transmit
property, services, or money.
* * * * *
Obligation means an established duty, whether or not fixed, arising
from an express or implied contractual, grantor-grantee, or licensor-
licensee relationship, from a fee-based or similar relationship, from
statute or regulation, or from the retention of any overpayment.
* * * * *
0
8. In Sec. 13.3, add paragraph (f) to read as follows:
Sec. 13.3 Basis for civil penalties and assessments.
* * * * *
(f) For purposes of this section, materiality shall be determined
in the same manner as under the False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. 3729, which
defines material to mean having a natural tendency to influence, or be
capable of influencing, the payment or receipt of money or property.
Sec. 13.4 [Amended]
0
9. In Sec. 13.4(b), remove the reference ``Program Fraud Civil
Remedies Act'' and add in its place ``Administrative False Claims
Act''.
Sec. 13.6 [Amended]
0
10. Amend Sec. 13.6 by:
0
a. Removing ``Prerequisities'' and add in its place ``Prerequisites''
in the section heading; and
0
b. Removing the amount ``$150,000'' and add in its place ``$1,000,000''
in paragraph (a)(2).
0
11. Revise Sec. 13.45 to read as follows:
Sec. 13.45 Recovery of Costs and Deposit in Treasury of United
States.
(a) Any amount collected under this part shall be credited first to
reimburse the authority or other Federal entity that expended costs in
support of the investigation or prosecution of the action, including
any court or hearing costs.
(b) Any amount reimbursed under paragraph (a) of this section shall
be deposited in the appropriations account of the authority or other
Federal entity from which the costs described in paragraph (a) of this
section were obligated, a similar appropriations account of the
authority or other Federal entity; or if the authority or other Federal
entity expended nonappropriated funds, another appropriate account; and
remain available until expended.
(c) Any amounts remaining after reimbursements described in
paragraph (a) of this section pursuant to this part shall be deposited
as miscellaneous receipts in the Treasury of the United States, except
as provided in 31 U.S.C. 3806(g).
0
12. In Sec. 13.46:
0
a. Revise paragraph (b); and
0
b. Amend paragraphs (c) and (d) by removing ``pendancy'' and adding in
its place ``pendency'', wherever it appears.
The revision reads as follows:
Sec. 13.46 Compromise or settlement.
* * * * *
[[Page 33267]]
(b) The reviewing official has the exclusive authority to
compromise or settle a case under this part at any time after the date
on which the reviewing official is permitted to issue a complaint and
before the date on which the ALJ issues an initial decision. Before
compromising or settling a case under this part, a reviewing official
shall notify the Attorney General in writing not later than 30 days
before entering into any agreement to compromise or settle allegations
of liability under this part and before the date on which the reviewing
official is permitted to refer allegations of liability to a presiding
officer.
* * * * *
0
13. In Sec. 13.47, revise paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as follows:
Sec. 13.47 Limitations.
(a) A notice to the person alleged to be liable under this part
with respect to a claim or statement shall be served in the manner
specified in Sec. 13.8 not later than the later of:
(1) 6 years after the date on which the violation is committed; or
(2) 3 years after the date on which facts material to the action
are known or reasonably should have been known by the authority head,
but in no event more than 10 years after the date on which the
violation is committed.
(b) A civil action to recover a penalty or assessment under this
part shall be commenced within 3 years after the date on which the
determination of liability for such penalty or assessment becomes
final.
* * * * *
Dated: July 15, 2025.
For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Andrea Kock,
Acting Director, Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards.
[FR Doc. 2025-13422 Filed 7-16-25; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 7590-01-P