[Federal Register Volume 90, Number 85 (Monday, May 5, 2025)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 18911-18913]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2025-07614]
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 25
[Docket No. FAA-2025-0403; Special Conditions No. 25-878-SC]
Special Conditions: Archeion Holdings LLC, Boeing Model 747-400/-
400D/ -400F Series Airplanes; Electronic System Security Protection
From Unauthorized External Access
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
[[Page 18912]]
ACTION: Final special conditions; request for comments.
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SUMMARY: These special conditions are issued for Boeing Model 747-400/-
400D/ -400F series airplanes. These airplanes, as modified by Archeion
Holdings LLC (Archeion), will have a novel or unusual design feature
when compared to the state of technology envisioned in the
airworthiness standards for transport-category airplanes. This design
feature is a digital systems architecture that will allow increased
connectivity to and access from external network sources, (e.g.,
operator networks, wireless devices, internet connectivity, service
provider satellite communications, electronic flight bags, etc.) to the
airplane's previously isolated electronic assets (networks, systems,
and databases). The applicable airworthiness regulations do not contain
adequate or appropriate safety standards for this design feature. These
special conditions contain the additional safety standards that the
Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of safety
equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness standards.
DATES: This action is effective on May 5, 2025. Send comments on or
before June 20, 2025.
ADDRESSES: Send comments identified by Docket No. FAA-2025-0403 using
any of the following methods:
Federal eRegulations Portal: Go to www.regulations.gov and
follow the online instructions for sending your comments
electronically.
Mail: Send comments to Docket Operations, M-30, U.S.
Department of Transportation (DOT), 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Room
W12-140, West Building Ground Floor, Washington, DC 20590-0001.
Hand Delivery or Courier: Take comments to Docket
Operations in Room W12-140 of the West Building Ground Floor at 1200
New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday
through Friday, except Federal holidays.
Fax: Fax comments to Docket Operations at 202-493-2251.
Docket: Background documents or comments received may be read at
www.regulations.gov at any time. Follow the online instructions for
accessing the docket or go to Docket Operations in Room W12-140 of the
West Building Ground Floor at 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington,
DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal
holidays.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Thuan T. Nguyen, Avionics Software and
Components Unit, AIR-626D, Technical Policy Branch, Policy and
Standards Division, Aircraft Certification Service, Federal Aviation
Administration, 2200 S 216th Street, Des Moines, WA 98198-6547;
telephone (206) 231-3365; email [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The FAA has published substantially
identical special conditions in the Federal Register for public comment
in several prior instances with no substantive comments received.
Therefore, the FAA finds, pursuant to 14 CFR 11.38(b), that new
comments are unlikely, and notice and comment prior to this publication
are unnecessary.
Privacy
Except for Confidential Business Information (CBI) as described in
the following paragraph, and other information as described in title
14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) 11.35, the FAA will post all
comments received without change to www.regulations.gov, including any
personal information you provide. The FAA will also post a report
summarizing each substantive verbal contact received about these
special conditions.
Confidential Business Information
Confidential Business Information (CBI) is commercial or financial
information that is both customarily and actually treated as private by
its owner. Under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) (5 U.S.C. 552),
CBI is exempt from public disclosure. If your comments responsive to
these special conditions contain commercial or financial information
that is customarily treated as private, that you actually treat as
private, and that is relevant or responsive to these special
conditions, it is important that you clearly designate the submitted
comments as CBI. Please mark each page of your submission containing
CBI as ``PROPIN.'' The FAA will treat such marked submissions as
confidential under the FOIA, and the indicated comments will not be
placed in the public docket of these special conditions. Send
submissions containing CBI to the individual listed in the FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT section above. Comments the FAA receives, which are
not specifically designated as CBI, will be placed in the public docket
for these special conditions.
Comments Invited
The FAA invites interested people to take part in this rulemaking
by sending written comments, data, or views. The most helpful comments
reference a specific portion of the special conditions, explain the
reason for any recommended change, and include supporting data.
The FAA will consider all comments received by the closing date for
comments. The FAA may change these special conditions based on the
comments received.
Background
On August 2, 2024, Archeion applied for a supplemental type
certificate for the installation of a digital systems architecture on
the Boeing Model 747-400/-400D/-400F series airplanes that will allow
increased connectivity to and access from external network sources.
These airplanes, currently approved under Type Certificate No. A20WE,
are four-engine, transport category airplanes, with a maximum takeoff
weight between 833,748 lbs and 875,000, and a maximum passenger
capacity of 660 persons.
Type Certification Basis
Under the provisions of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14
CFR) 21.101, Archeion must show that Boeing Model 747-400/-400D/-400F
airplanes, as changed, continue to meet the applicable provisions of
the regulations listed in Type Certificate No. A20WE or the applicable
regulations in effect on the date of application for the change, except
for earlier amendments as agreed upon by the FAA.
If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness
regulations (e.g., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain adequate or
appropriate safety standards for Boeing Model 747-400/-400D/-400F
airplanes because of a novel or unusual design feature, special
conditions are prescribed under the provisions of Sec. 21.16.
Special conditions are initially applicable to the model for which
they are issued. Should the applicant apply for a supplemental type
certificate to modify any other model included on the same type
certificate to incorporate the same novel or unusual design feature,
these special conditions would also apply to the other model under
Sec. 21.101.
In addition to the applicable airworthiness regulations and special
conditions, the Boeing Model 747-400/-400D/-400F series airplanes must
comply with the fuel-vent and exhaust-emission requirements of 14 CFR
part 34, and the noise-certification requirements of 14 CFR part 36.
The FAA issues special conditions, as defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in
accordance with Sec. 11.38, and they become part of
[[Page 18913]]
the type certification basis under Sec. 21.101.
Novel or Unusual Design Features
The Boeing Model 747-400/-400D/ -400F series airplanes, as modified
by Archeion, will incorporate the following novel or unusual design
feature:
The installation of a digital systems architecture that will allow
increased connectivity to and access from external network sources,
(e.g., operator networks, wireless devices, internet connectivity,
service provider satellite communications, electronic flight bags,
etc.) to the airplane's previously isolated electronic assets
(networks, systems, and databases).
Discussion
The Boeing Model 747-400/-400D/ -400F series airplane's electronic
system architecture and network configuration change is novel or
unusual for transport airplanes because it may allow increased
connectivity to and access from external network sources, airline
operations, and maintenance networks, to the airplane control domain,
and airline information services domain. The airplane's control domain
and airline information-services domain perform functions required for
the safe operation and maintenance of the airplane. Previously, these
domains had very limited connectivity with external network sources.
This data network and design integration creates the potential for
unauthorized persons to access the airplane's control domain and
airline information-services domain and presents security
vulnerabilities related to the introduction of computer viruses and
worms, user errors, and intentional sabotage of airplane electronic
assets (networks, systems, and databases) critical to the safety and
maintenance of the airplane.
The existing FAA regulations did not anticipate these networked
airplane-system architectures. Furthermore, these regulations and the
current guidance material do not address potential security
vulnerabilities, which could be exploited by unauthorized access to
airplane networks, data buses, and servers. Therefore, these special
conditions ensure that the security (i.e., confidentiality, integrity,
and availability) of the airplane's systems is not compromised by
unauthorized wired or wireless electronic connections. This includes
ensuring that the security of the airplane's systems is not compromised
during maintenance of the airplane's electronic systems. These special
conditions also require the applicant to provide appropriate
instructions to the operator to maintain all electronic-system
safeguards that have been implemented as part of the original network
design so that this feature does not allow or introduce security
threats.
These special conditions contain the additional safety standards
that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of
safety equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness
standards.
Applicability
As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to
Boeing Model 747-400/-400D/-400F series airplanes as modified by
Archeion. Should Archeion apply at a later date for a supplemental type
certificate to modify any other model included on Type Certificate No.
A20WE to incorporate the same novel or unusual design feature, these
special conditions would apply to that model as well.
Conclusion
This action affects only a certain novel or unusual design feature
on one series of airplanes. It is not a rule of general applicability
and affects only the applicant who applied to the FAA for approval of
this feature on the airplane.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25
Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
Authority Citation
The authority citation for these special conditions is as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40113, 44701, 44702, and 44704.
The Special Conditions
Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of
the type certification basis for the Boeing Model 747-400/-400D/-400F
series airplanes, as modified by Archeion.
1. The applicant must ensure that the airplane electronic system
security is protected from access by unauthorized sources external to
the airplane, including those possibly caused by maintenance activity.
2. The applicant must ensure that the electronic system security
threats are identified and assessed, and that effective electronic
system security protection strategies are implemented to protect the
airplane from all adverse impacts on safety, functionality, and
continued airworthiness.
3. The applicant must establish appropriate procedures to allow the
operator to ensure that continued airworthiness of the aircraft is
maintained, including all post type certification modifications that
may have an impact on the approved electronic system security
safeguards.
Issued in in Kansas City, Missouri, on April 28, 2025.
Patrick R. Mullen,
Manager, Technical Policy Branch, Policy and Standards Division,
Aircraft Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 2025-07614 Filed 5-2-25; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P