[Federal Register Volume 90, Number 79 (Friday, April 25, 2025)]
[Notices]
[Pages 17399-17404]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2025-07140]


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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

International Trade Administration

[C-552-842]


Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells, Whether or Not Assembled 
Into Modules, From the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Final Affirmative 
Countervailing Duty Determination and Final Affirmative Critical 
Circumstances Determination, in Part

AGENCY: Enforcement and Compliance, International Trade Administration, 
Department of Commerce.

SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Commerce (Commerce) determines that 
countervailable subsidies are being provided to producers and exporters 
of crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, whether or not assembled 
into modules (solar cells) from the Socialist Republic of Vietnam 
(Vietnam). The period of investigation is January 1, 2023, through 
December 31, 2023.

DATES: Applicable April 25, 2025.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Amber Hodak, AD/CVD Operations, Office 
VI, Enforcement and Compliance, International Trade Administration, 
U.S. Department of Commerce, 1401 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, 
DC 20230; telephone: (202) 482-8034.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    On October 4, 2024, Commerce published the Preliminary 
Determination in the Federal Register and aligned this countervailing 
duty (CVD) final determination with the final determination in the 
less-than-fair value investigation of solar cells from Vietnam, in 
accordance with section 705(a)(1) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended 
(the Act), and 19 CFR 351.210(b)(4).\1\ A summary of the events that 
occurred since Commerce published the Preliminary Determination, may be 
found in the Issues and Decision Memorandum.\2\ The

[[Page 17400]]

Issues and Decision Memorandum is a public document and is on file 
electronically via Enforcement and Compliance's Antidumping and 
Countervailing Duty Centralized Electronic Service System (ACCESS). 
ACCESS is available to registered users at https://access.trade.gov. In 
addition, a complete version of the Issues and Decision Memorandum can 
be accessed directly at https://access.trade.gov/public/FRNoticesListLayout.aspx.
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    \1\ See Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells, Whether or Not 
Assembled into Modules, from the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: 
Preliminary Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination, 
Preliminary Affirmative Critical Circumstances Determination, In 
Part, and Alignment of Final Determination with Final Antidumping 
Duty Determination, 89 FR 80866 (October 4, 2024) (Preliminary 
Determination), and accompanying Preliminary Decision Memorandum 
(PDM).
    \2\ See Memorandum, ``Issues and Decision Memorandum for the 
Final Affirmative Determination in the Countervailing Duty 
Investigation of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells, Whether or 
Not Assembled into Modules from the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,'' 
dated concurrently with this notice (Issues and Decision 
Memorandum).
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Scope of the Investigation

    The products covered by this investigation are solar cells from 
Vietnam. For a complete description of the scope of this investigation, 
see appendix I.

Scope Comments

    In the Preliminary Scope Decision Memoranda, we set aside a period 
of time for parties to raise issues regarding product coverage (i.e., 
scope) in scope-specific case or other written comments on scope 
issues.\3\ Between December 27, 2024, and January 3, 2025, Commerce 
received a scope case brief and a rebuttal brief from JA Solar USA Inc. 
and JA Solar Vietnam Company Limited (collectively, JA Solar) and the 
American Alliance for Solar Manufacturing Trade Committee (Petitioner), 
respectively.\4\ For a summary of the product coverage comments and 
rebuttal responses submitted to the record for this final 
determination, and accompanying discussion and analysis of all comments 
timely received, see the Final Scope Memorandum.\5\ In the Final Scope 
Memorandum, Commerce determined that it is modifying the scope language 
as it appeared in the Initiation Notice. See appendix I.
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    \3\ See Memoranda, ``Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells, 
Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from Cambodia, Malaysia, and 
Thailand: Preliminary Scope Decision Memorandum,'' and ``Crystalline 
Silicon Photovoltaic Cells, Whether or Not Assembled into Modules 
from Vietnam,'' both dated November 27, 2024 (collectively, 
Preliminary Scope Decision Memoranda).
    \4\ See JA Solar's Letter, ``Scope Case Brief,'' dated December 
27, 2024; and Petitioner's Letter ``Rebuttal Scope Brief,'' dated 
January 3, 2025.
    \5\ See Memorandum, ``Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells, 
Whether or Not Assembled into Modules, from Cambodia, Malaysia, 
Thailand, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Final Scope 
Decision Memorandum,'' dated concurrently with this notice (Final 
Scope Decision Memorandum).
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Verification

    As provided in section 782(i) of the Act, Commerce conducted 
verification relied upon in making its final determination in this 
investigation. Specifically, we conducted on-site verifications of the 
information reported by the Government of Vietnam (GOV); Boviet Solar 
Technology Co., Ltd. (Boviet Solar); and JA Solar Vietnam Company 
Limited (JAVN), and JAVN's cross-owned affiliates, JA Solar PV Vietnam 
Company Limited, and JA Solar NE Vietnam Company Limited (collectively, 
JA Solar), using standard verification procedures, including an 
examination of relevant accounting records, and original source 
documents provided by the GOV, Boviet Solar, and JA Solar.\6\
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    \6\ See Memoranda, ``Verification of the Government of Socialist 
Republic of Vietnam,'' ``Report on Verification of Boviet Solar 
Technology Co., Ltd.,'' and ``Report on Verification of JA Solar 
Vietnam Company Limited and Its Affiliates,'' each dated February 
20, 2025.
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Analysis of Subsidy Programs and Comments Received

    The subsidy programs under investigation and the issues raised in 
the case and rebuttal briefs submitted by interested parties in this 
investigation are discussed in the Issues and Decision Memorandum. For 
a list of the issues raised by interested parties and addressed in the 
Issues and Decision Memorandum, see appendix II.

Changes Since the Preliminary Determination

    We have made certain changes to the subsidy calculations for Boviet 
Solar and JAVN since the Preliminary Determination. For a discussion of 
these changes, see the Issues and Decision Memorandum.

Methodology

    Commerce conducted this investigation in accordance with section 
701 of the Act. For each of the subsidy programs found to be 
countervailable, Commerce determines that there is a subsidy, i.e., a 
financial contribution by an ``authority'' that gives rise to a benefit 
to the recipient, and that the subsidy is specific.\7\ For a full 
description of the methodology underlying our final determination, see 
the Issues and Decision Memorandum.
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    \7\ See sections 771(5)(B) and (D) of the Act regarding 
financial contribution; see also section 771(5)(E) of the Act 
regarding benefit; and section 771(5A) of the Act regarding 
specificity.
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    In making this final determination, Commerce relied on facts 
otherwise available, including with an adverse inference (AFA), 
pursuant to sections 776(a) and (b) of the Act. For a full discussion 
of our application of AFA, see the Issues and Decision Memorandum 
section entitled, ``Use of Facts Otherwise Available and Application of 
Adverse Inferences.''

Final Affirmative Determination of Critical Circumstances, in Part

    For this final determination, consistent with section 705(a)(2) of 
the Act, we find that critical circumstances do not exist for JAVN, and 
we find that critical circumstances exist for the following companies: 
(1) Boviet Solar; (2) GEP New Energy Viet Nam Company Limited; (3) 
Vietnam Green Energy Commercial Services Company Ltd.; (4) Shengtian 
New Energy Vina Co., Ltd; (5) HT Solar Vietnam Limited Company; and (6) 
all other producers and exporters.\8\
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    \8\ Commerce preliminary determined, pursuant to section 
703(e)(1) of the Act, critical circumstances did not exist for 
Boviet Solar and JAVN. However, Commerce preliminarily determined 
that critical circumstances existed for: (1) GEP New Energy Viet Nam 
Company Limited; (2) Vietnam Green Energy Commercial Services 
Company Ltd.; (3) Shengtian New Energy Vina Co., Ltd; (4) HT Solar 
Vietnam Limited Company; and (5) all other producers and exporters 
that enter subject merchandise under the All Others subsidy rate. 
See Preliminary Determination, 89 FR 80867.
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All-Others Rate

    In accordance with section 705(c)(1)(B)(i) of the Act, we 
calculated an individual estimated countervailable subsidy rate for the 
two mandatory respondents, Boviet Solar and JAVN. Section 
705(c)(5)(A)(i) of the Act states that, for companies not individually 
investigated, Commerce will determine an all-others rate equal to the 
weighted-average countervailable subsidy rates established for 
exporters and/or producers individually investigated, excluding any 
zero and de minimis countervailable subsidy rates, and any rates 
determined entirely under section 776 of the Act.
    At the final determination, we calculated individual estimated 
countervailable subsidy rates for Boviet Solar and JAVN that are not 
zero, de minimis, or based entirely on facts otherwise available. We, 
therefore, calculated the all-others rate using a weighted average of 
the individual estimated subsidy rates calculated for the examined 
respondents (Boviet Solar and JAVN) using each company's publicly 
ranged sales value for their exports to the United States of subject 
merchandise, in accordance with section 705(c)(5)(A)(i) of the Act.\9\
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    \9\ At the Preliminary Determination, we preliminarily found a 
de minimis rate for Boviet Solar. Therefore, the only rate that was 
not zero, de minimis, or based entirely on facts otherwise available 
was the rate calculated for JAVN. See Preliminary Determination, 89 
FR 80868. For this final determination, we are now revising the all-
others rate to calculate the rate based on a weighted average of the 
final rates for Boviet Solar and JAVN.

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[[Page 17401]]

Final Determination

    Commerce determines that the following countervailable subsidy 
rates exist: \10\
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    \10\ As discussed in the Preliminary Determination PDM, Commerce 
has found the following companies to be cross-owned with JA Solar 
Vietnam Company Limited: JA Solar PV Vietnam Company Limited; JA 
Solar NE Vietnam Company Limited. See Preliminary Determination, 89 
FR 80868.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  Subsidy rate (percent
                    Company                            ad valorem)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Boviet Solar Technology Co., Ltd...............                   230.66
JA Solar Vietnam Company Limited; JA Solar PV                      68.15
 Vietnam Company Limited; JA Solar NE Vietnam
 Company Limited...............................
GEP New Energy Viet Nam Company Limited........                 * 542.64
HT Solar Vietnam Limited Company...............                 * 542.64
Shengtian New Energy Vina Co., Ltd.............                 * 542.64
Vietnam Green Energy Commercial Services                        * 542.64
 Company Ltd...................................
All Others.....................................                   124.57
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Rate based on facts available with adverse inferences.

Disclosure

    Commerce intends to disclose its calculations and analysis 
performed to interested parties in this final determination within five 
days of its public announcement, or if there is no public announcement, 
within five days of the date of this notice in accordance with 19 CFR 
351.224(b).

Suspension of Liquidation

    We will instruct U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to start 
or continue to suspend liquidation of all appropriate entries of 
subject merchandise, as described in appendix I of this notice, which 
were entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption as described 
below.
    Section 703(e)(2) of the Act provides that, given an affirmative 
determination of critical circumstances, any suspension of liquidation 
shall apply to unliquidated entries of merchandise entered, or 
withdrawn from warehouse for consumption on or after the date the later 
of: (a) the date which is 90 days before the date on which the 
suspension of liquidation was first ordered; or (b) the date on which 
notice of initiation of the investigation was published.
    As a result of our Preliminary Determination, and pursuant to 
sections 703(d)(1)(B) and (d)(2) of the Act, we instructed CBP to 
collect cash deposits and suspend liquidation of entries of solar cells 
from Vietnam that were entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for 
consumption on or after October 4, 2024, the date of the publication of 
the Preliminary Determination in the Federal Register, with respect to 
entries of solar cells from Vietnam produced and/or exported by 
JAVN.\11\ Because we preliminarily determined that critical 
circumstances existed with respect to imports of subject merchandise 
produced and/or exported by: (1) GEP New Energy Viet Nam Company 
Limited; (2) Vietnam Green Energy Commercial Services Company Ltd.; (3) 
Shengtian New Energy Vina Co., Ltd; (4) HT Solar Vietnam Limited 
Company; and all other producers and exporters whose imports enter 
under the all-others subsidy rate, we instructed CBP to collect cash 
deposits and suspend liquidation of entries of solar cells from Vietnam 
produced and/or exported by these companies that were entered, or 
withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or after July 6, 2024, 
which is 90 days prior to the publication of the Preliminary 
Determination in the Federal Register. Because the subsidy rate at the 
Preliminary Determination for Boviet Solar was de minimis, Commerce 
directed CBP not to suspend liquidation of entries of the merchandise 
from this company.\12\
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    \11\ See Preliminary Determination, 89 FR 80868.
    \12\ Id.
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    In accordance with section 703(d) of the Act, we instructed CBP to 
discontinue the suspension of liquidation of all entries of subject 
merchandise entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or 
after February 1, 2025, but to continue the suspension of liquidation 
of all entries of solar cells on or before January 31, 2025.
    Provisional measures were not imposed for Boviet Solar following 
the Preliminary Determination because of Commerce's preliminary 
negative determination with respect to Boviet Solar. However, 
Commerce's final affirmative critical circumstances determination now 
applies to Boviet Solar. Accordingly, pursuant to section 703(e)(2)(A) 
of the Act, Commerce will instruct CBP to suspend liquidation of all 
appropriate entries from Boviet Solar, which were entered, or withdrawn 
from warehouse, for consumption on or after 90 days prior to the date 
of publication of this final determination in the Federal Register.\13\
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    \13\ Id.
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    If the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) issues a final 
affirmative injury determination, we will issue a CVD order, reinstate 
the suspension of liquidation under section 706(a) of the Act, and 
require a cash deposit of estimated countervailing duties for entries 
of subject merchandise in the amounts indicated above. If the ITC 
determines that material injury, or threat of material injury, does not 
exist, this proceeding will be terminated, and all estimated duties 
deposited, or securities posted, as a result of the suspension of 
liquidation will be refunded or canceled.

ITC Notification

    In accordance with section 705(d) of the Act, we will notify the 
ITC of our final affirmative determination that countervailable 
subsidies are being provided to producers and exporters of solar cells 
from Vietnam. Because the final determination is affirmative, in 
accordance with section 705(b) of the Act, the ITC will make its final 
determination as to whether the domestic industry in the United States 
is materially injured, or threatened with material injury, by reason of 
imports of solar cells from Vietnam no later than 45 days after our 
final determination. In addition, we are making available to the ITC 
all non-privileged and non-proprietary information related to this 
investigation. We will allow the ITC access to all privileged and 
business proprietary information in our files, provided the ITC 
confirms that it will

[[Page 17402]]

not disclose such information, either publicly or under an 
administrative protective order (APO), without the written consent of 
the Assistant Secretary for Enforcement and Compliance.
    If the ITC determines that material injury or threat of material 
injury does not exist, this proceeding will be terminated and all cash 
deposits will be refunded. If the ITC determines that such injury does 
exist, Commerce will issue a CVD order directing CBP to assess, upon 
further instruction by Commerce, countervailing duties on all imports 
of the subject merchandise that are entered, or withdrawn from 
warehouse, for consumption on or after the effective date of the 
suspension of liquidation, as discussed above in the ``Suspension 
Liquidation'' section.

Administrative Protective Order

    In the event that ITC issues a final negative injury determination, 
this notice will serve as the only reminder to parties subject to an 
APO of their responsibility concerning the destruction of proprietary 
information disclosed under APO, in accordance with 19 CFR 
351.305(a)(3). Timely written notification of the return/destruction of 
APO materials or conversion to judicial protective order is hereby 
requested. Failure to comply with the regulations and terms of an APO 
is violation which is subject to sanction.

Notification to Interested Parties

    This determination is issued and published pursuant to sections 
705(d) and 777(i)(1) of the Act, and 19 CFR 351.205(c).

    Dated: April 18, 2025.
Christopher Abbott,
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy and Negotiations, performing the 
non-exclusive functions and duties of the Assistant Secretary for 
Enforcement and Compliance.

Appendix I

Scope of the Investigation

    The merchandise covered by this investigation is crystalline 
silicon photovoltaic cells, and modules, laminates, and panels, 
consisting of crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, whether or not 
partially or fully assembled into other products, including, but not 
limited to, modules, laminates, panels and building integrated 
materials.
    This investigation covers crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells 
of thickness equal to or greater than 20 micrometers, having a p/n 
junction formed by any means, whether or not the cell has undergone 
other processing, including, but not limited to, cleaning, etching, 
coating, and/or addition of materials (including, but not limited 
to, metallization and conductor patterns) to collect and forward the 
electricity that is generated by the cell.
    Merchandise under consideration may be described at the time of 
importation as parts for final finished products that are assembled 
after importation, including, but not limited to, modules, 
laminates, panels, building-integrated modules, building-integrated 
panels, or other finished goods kits. Such parts that otherwise meet 
the definition of merchandise under consideration are included in 
the scope of the investigation.
    Excluded from the scope of the investigation are thin film 
photovoltaic products produced from amorphous silicon (a-Si), 
cadmium telluride (CdTe), or copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS).
    Also excluded from the scope of the investigation are 
crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, not exceeding 10,000 mm\2\ 
in surface area, that are permanently integrated into a consumer 
good whose function is other than power generation and that consumes 
the electricity generated by the integrated crystalline silicon 
photovoltaic cell. Where more than one cell is permanently 
integrated into a consumer good, the surface area for purposes of 
this exclusion shall be the total combined surface area of all cells 
that are integrated into the consumer good.
    Additionally, excluded from the scope of the investigation are 
panels with surface area from 3,450 mm\2\ to 33,782 mm\2\ with one 
black wire and one red wire (each of type 22 AWG or 24 AWG not more 
than 206 mm in length when measured from panel extrusion), and not 
exceeding 2.9 volts, 1.1 amps, and 3.19 watts. For the purposes of 
this exclusion, no panel shall contain an internal battery or 
external computer peripheral ports.
    Also excluded from the scope of the investigation are:
    (1) Off grid CSPV panels in rigid form with a glass cover, with 
the following characteristics: (A) a total power output of 100 watts 
or less per panel; (B) a maximum surface area of 8,000 cm\2\ per 
panel; (C) do not include a built-in inverter; (D) must include a 
permanently connected wire that terminates in either an 8 mm male 
barrel connector, or a two-port rectangular connector with two pins 
in square housings of different colors; (E) must include visible 
parallel grid collector metallic wire lines every 1-4 millimeters 
across each solar cell; and (F) must be in individual retail 
packaging (for purposes of this provision, retail packaging 
typically includes graphics, the product name, its description and/
or features, and foam for transport); and
    (2) Off grid CSPV panels without a glass cover, with the 
following characteristics: (A) a total power output of 100 watts or 
less per panel; (B) a maximum surface area of 8,000 cm\2\ per panel; 
(C) do not include a built-in inverter; (D) must include visible 
parallel grid collector metallic wire lines every 1-4 millimeters 
across each solar cell; and (E) each panel is (1) permanently 
integrated into a consumer good; (2) encased in a laminated material 
without stitching, or (3) has all of the following characteristics: 
(i) the panel is encased in sewn fabric with visible stitching, (ii) 
includes a mesh zippered storage pocket, and (iii) includes a 
permanently attached wire that terminates in a female USB-A 
connector.
    In addition, the following CSPV panels are excluded from the 
scope of the investigation: off-grid CSPV panels in rigid form with 
a glass cover, with each of the following physical characteristics, 
whether or not assembled into a fully completed off-grid hydropanel 
whose function is conversion of water vapor into liquid water: (A) a 
total power output of no more than 80 watts per panel; (B) a surface 
area of less than 5,000 square centimeters (cm\2\) per panel; (C) do 
not include a built-in inverter; (D) do not have a frame around the 
edges of the panel; (E) include a clear glass back panel; and (F) 
must include a permanently connected wire that terminates in a two 
port rectangular connector.
    Additionally excluded from the scope of this investigation are 
off-grid small portable crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels, 
with or without a glass cover, with the following characteristics: 
(1) a total power output of 200 watts or less per panel; (2) a 
maximum surface area of 16,000 cm\2\ per panel; (3) no built-in 
inverter; (4) an integrated handle or a handle attached to the 
package for ease of carry; (5) one or more integrated kickstands for 
easy installation or angle adjustment; and (6) a wire of not less 
than 3 meters either permanently connected or attached to the 
package that terminates in an 8 mm diameter male barrel connector.
    Also excluded from the scope of this investigation are off-grid 
crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels in rigid form with a glass 
cover, with each of the following physical characteristics, whether 
or not assembled into a fully completed off-grid hydropanel whose 
function is conversion of water vapor into liquid water: (A) a total 
power output of no more than 180 watts per panel at 155 degrees 
Celsius; (B) a surface area of less than 16,000 square centimeters 
(cm\2\) per panel; (C) include a keep-out area of approximately 
1,200 cm\2\ around the edges of the panel that does not contain 
solar cells; (D) do not include a built-in inverter; (E) do not have 
a frame around the edges of the panel; (F) include a clear glass 
back panel; (G) must include a permanently connected wire that 
terminates in a two-port rounded rectangular, sealed connector; (H) 
include a thermistor installed into the permanently connected wire 
before the twoport connector; and (I) include exposed positive and 
negative terminals at opposite ends of the panel, not enclosed in a 
junction box.
    Further excluded from the scope of the investigation are:
    (1) Off grid rigid CSPV panels with a glass cover, with the 
following characteristics: (A) a total power output of 200 watts or 
less per panel, (B) a maximum surface area of 10,500 cm\2\ per 
panel, (C) do not include a built-in inverter, (D) must include a 
permanently connected wire that terminates in waterproof connector 
with a cylindrical positive electrode and a rectangular negative 
electrode with the positive and negative electrodes having an 
interlocking structure, (E) must include visible parallel grid 
collector metallic wire lines every 1-4 millimeters across each 
solar cell, and (F)

[[Page 17403]]

must be in individual retail packaging (for purposes of this 
provision, retail packaging typically includes graphics, the product 
name, its description and/or features); and
    (2) Off-grid small portable crystalline silicon photovoltaic 
panels, with or without a glass cover, with the following 
characteristics: (A) a total power output of 200 watts or less per 
panel, (B) a maximum surface area of 16,000 cm\2\ per panel, (C) no 
built-in inverter, (D) an integrated handle or a handle attached to 
the package for ease of carry, (E) one or more integrated kickstands 
for easy installation or angle adjustment, and (F) a wire either 
permanently connected or attached to the package terminates in 
waterproof connector with a cylindrical positive electrode and a 
rectangular negative electrode with the positive and negative 
electrodes having an interlocking structure.
    Also excluded from the scope of the investigation are:
    (1) Off grid rigid CSPV panels with a glass cover, with the 
following characteristics: (A) a total power output of 200 watts or 
less per panel, (B) a maximum surface area of 10,500 cm\2\ per 
panel, (C) do not include a built-in inverter, (D) must include a 
permanently connected wire that terminates in waterproof connector 
with a cylindrical positive electrode and a rectangular negative 
electrode with the positive and negative electrodes having an 
interlocking structure, (E) must include visible parallel grid 
collector metallic wire lines every 1-4 millimeters across each 
solar cell, and (F) must be in individual retail packaging (for 
purposes of this provision, retail packaging typically includes 
graphics, the product name, its description and/or features); and
    (2) Small off-grid panels with glass cover, with the following 
characteristics: (A) surface area from 3,450 mm\2\ to 33,782 mm\2\, 
(B) with one black wire and one red wire (each of type 22 AWG or 28 
AWG not more than 350 mm in length when measured from panel 
extrusion), (C) not exceeding 10 volts, (D) not exceeding 1.1 amps, 
(E) not exceeding 6 watts, and (F) for the purposes of this 
exclusion, no panel shall contain an internal battery or external 
computer peripheral ports.
    Additionally excluded from the scope of the investigation are:
    (1) Off grid rigid CSPV panels with a glass cover, with the 
following characteristics: (A) a total power output of 175 watts or 
less per panel, (B) a maximum surface area of 9,000 cm\2\ per panel, 
(C) do not include a built-in inverter, (D) must include a 
permanently connected wire that terminates in waterproof connector 
with a cylindrical positive electrode and a rectangular negative 
electrode with the positive and negative electrodes having an 
interlocking structure; (E) must include visible parallel grid 
collector metallic wire lines every 1-4 millimeters across each 
solar cell, and (F) must be in individual retail packaging (for 
purposes of this provision, retail packaging typically includes 
graphics, the product name, its description and/or features); and
    (2) Off grid CSPV panels without a glass cover, with the 
following characteristics, (A) a total power output of 220 watts or 
less per panel, (B) a maximum surface area of 16,000 cm\2\ per 
panel, (C) do not include a built-in inverter, (D) must include 
visible parallel grid collector metallic wire lines every 1-4 
millimeters across each solar cell, and (E) each panel is encased in 
a laminated material without stitching.
    Also excluded from the scope of this investigation are off-grid 
CSPV panels in rigid form, with or without a glass cover, 
permanently attached to an aluminum extrusion that is an integral 
component of an automation device that controls natural light, 
whether or not assembled into a fully completed automation device 
that controls natural light, with the following characteristics: 1. 
a total power output of 20 watts or less per panel; 2. a maximum 
surface area of 1,000 cm\2\ per panel; 3. does not include a built-
in inverter for powering third party devices.
    Additionally excluded from the scope of the investigation are 
off-grid greenhouse shade tracking systems with between 3 and 30 
flexible CSPV panels, each permanently affixed to an outer aluminum 
frame, with (A) no glass cover, (B) no back sheet, (C) no built-in 
inverter, (D) power output of 220 watts or less per panel, (E) 
surface area of 10,000 cm squared or less per panel, (F) two clear 
plastic trusses per panel permanently attached running lengthwise on 
the same side as the junction boxes, (G) visible parallel grid 
collector metallic wire lines every 1-4 mm per each cell on same 
side as junction box, (H) two rectangular plastic junction boxes per 
panel with at least 16 diodes per panel, and (I) encased in an 
aluminum frame and laminated without stitching.
    Modules, laminates, and panels produced in a third-country from 
cells produced in a subject country are covered by the 
investigation; however, modules, laminates, and panels produced in a 
subject country from cells produced in a third-country are not 
covered by the investigation.
    Also excluded from the scope of this investigation are all 
products covered by the scope of the antidumping and countervailing 
duty orders on Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells, Whether or 
Not Assembled into Modules, from the People's Republic of China: 
Amended Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value, and 
Antidumping Duty Order, 77 FR 73018 (December 7, 2012); and 
Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells, Whether or Not Assembled 
into Modules, from the People's Republic of China: Countervailing 
Duty Order, 77 FR 73017 (December 7, 2012).
    Merchandise covered by the investigation is currently classified 
in the Harmonized Tariff System of the United States (HTSUS) under 
subheadings 8541.42.0010 and 8541.43.0010. Imports of the subject 
merchandise may enter under HTSUS subheadings 8501.71.0000, 
8501.72.1000, 8501.72.2000, 8501.72.3000, 8501.72.9000, 
8501.80.1000, 8501.80.2000, 8501.80.3000, 8501.80.9000, 
8507.20.8010, 8507.20.8031, 8507.20.8041, 8507.20.8061, and 
8507.20.8091. These HTSUS subheadings are provided for convenience 
and customs purposes; the written description of the scope of the 
investigation is dispositive.

Appendix II

List of Topics Discussed in the Issues and Decision Memorandum

I. Summary
II. Background
III. Determination of Critical Circumstances
IV. Use of Facts Otherwise Available and Adverse Inferences
V. Subsidies Valuation Information
VI. Analysis of Programs
VII. Discussion of the Issues
    Comment 1: Whether Commerce has the Legal Authority under the 
World Trade Organization {WTO{time}  Rules and U.S. Law to 
Investigation Transnational Subsidies
    Comment 2: Policy Lending from Chinese Banks for Belt and Road 
Initiative (BRI) Capacity Cooperation Projects
    Comment 3: Substantial Evidence for the Cross-Border Provisions 
of Chinese Polysilicon, Silicon Wafer, Silver Paste, and Solar Glass 
for Less Than Adequate Remuneration (LTAR)
    Comment 4: Specificity for the Cross-Border Provision of Chinese 
Origin Polysilicon, Silicon Wafer, Silver Paste, Solar Glass for 
LTAR
    Comment 5: Whether Commerce was Arbitrary and Capricious
    Comment 6: Whether JAVN's Loans Are Associated with the BRI 
Capacity Cooperation Projects
    Comment 7: Whether Commerce Should Revise Its Benchmark for the 
Cross-Border Provision of Chinese Silicon Wafers for LTAR
    Comment 8: Whether JAVN's Purchases of Silicon Wafers Can Be 
Tied to Non-Subject Merchandise
    Comment 9: Whether Commerce Should Revise Its Benchmark for the 
Cross-Border Provision of Chinese Silver Paste for LTAR
    Comment 10: Whether Commerce Should Revise Its Benchmark for the 
Cross-Border Provision of Chinese Solar Glass for LTAR
    Comment 11: Whether Commerce Should Exclude Value Added Tax 
(VAT) and Import Duties from the Benchmark Calculations
    Comment 12: Whether Commerce Should Revise Its Inland Freight 
Benchmark
    Comment 13: Whether Import Duty Exemptions on Imported Raw 
Materials for Export Processing Enterprises (EPE or EPEs) and Export 
Processing Zones is Countervailable
    Comment 14: Whether Total Adverse Facts Available (AFA) Should 
Be Applied to JAVN
    Comment 15: Whether AFA Should Be Applied to JAVN in Respect to 
Import Duty Exemptions on Imported Equipment during the Average 
Useful Life (AUL) Period
    Comment 16: Whether AFA Should Be Applied to JAVN and Boviet 
Solar in respect to Import Duty Exemptions on Imported Raw Materials 
for EPEs and Export Processing Zones
    Comment 17: Critical Circumstances
    Comment 18: Whether JAVN was Uncreditworthy
    Comment 19: Ministerial Error

[[Page 17404]]

    Comment 20: Whether to Amend the AFA Calculation
VIII. Recommendation

[FR Doc. 2025-07140 Filed 4-24-25; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-DS-P