[Federal Register Volume 89, Number 179 (Monday, September 16, 2024)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 75704-75759]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2024-20545]



[[Page 75703]]

Vol. 89

Monday,

No. 179

September 16, 2024

Part III





Department of Housing and Urban Development





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24 CFR Parts 3280, 3282, 3285, et al.





Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards; Final Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 89 , No. 179 / Monday, September 16, 2024 / 
Rules and Regulations  

[[Page 75704]]


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DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

24 CFR Parts 3280, 3282, 3285, and 3286

[Docket No. FR-6233-F-02]
RIN 2502-AJ58


Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards

AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary for Housing-Federal Housing 
Commissioner, Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This final rule amends the Federal Manufactured Home 
Construction and Safety Standards (MHCSS or the Construction and Safety 
Standards) by adopting most of the fourth and fifth groups of 
recommendations made to HUD by the Manufactured Housing Consensus 
Committee (MHCC). This rule also amends the Manufactured Home 
Procedural and Enforcement Regulations, the Model Manufactured Home 
Installation Standards, and the Manufactured Home Installation Program 
regulations. The MHCC prepared and submitted to HUD its fourth and 
fifth groups of recommendations to improve various aspects of the 
MHCSS. HUD reviewed those proposals and drafted a number of proposed 
revisions to the MHCSS and associated regulations. On July 19, 2022, 
HUD published a proposed rule detailing these revisions to provide the 
public an opportunity to comment. The comment period closed on 
September 19, 2022. This final rule adopts HUD's proposed revisions 
based upon the MHCC's fourth and fifth groups of recommendations with 
some minor revisions made in response to the public comments.

DATES: Effective: March 17, 2025. The incorporation by reference of 
certain publications listed in the rule is approved by the Director of 
the Federal Register beginning March 17, 2025. The incorporation by 
reference of certain other publications listed in the rule was approved 
by the Director of the Federal Register as of July 3, 2014.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Teresa B. Payne, Administrator, Office 
of Manufactured Housing Programs, Office of Housing, Department of 
Housing and Urban Development, 451 7th Street SW, Washington, DC 20410; 
telephone 202-402-5365 (this is not a toll-free number). HUD welcomes 
and is prepared to receive calls from individuals who are deaf or hard 
of hearing, as well as individuals with speech or communication 
disabilities. To learn more about how to make an accessible telephone 
call, please visit: https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/telecommunications-relay-service-trs.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Background

    On August 22, 1974, the President signed the Housing and Community 
Development Act of 1974 (Pub. L. 93-383, 88 Stat. 633-2), which 
contained the National Mobile Home Construction and Safety Standards 
Act of 1974 (Pub. L. 93-383, 88 Stat. 700; tit. VI; 42 U.S.C. 5401 et 
seq.) (the Act). The Act, which was later renamed the National 
Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974, 
authorizes HUD to establish and amend the Manufactured Home 
Construction and Safety Standards (MHCSS) codified in title 24 of the 
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), part 3280. The Act was amended by 
the Manufactured Housing Improvement Act of 2000 (Pub. L. 106-569, 
December 27, 2000), which expanded the Act and created the MHCC, a 
consensus committee responsible for providing HUD recommendations to 
adopt, revise, and interpret the MHCSS.\1\ The MHCSS only applies to 
the design, construction, and installation of new manufactured homes.
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    \1\ The MHCC is composed of twenty-one voting members as 
provided under section 604(a)(3)(B) of the Manufactured Housing 
Improvement Act of 2000. The twenty-one members are comprised of 
seven producers or retailers of manufactured housing, seven persons 
representing consumer interests, and seven general interest or 
public officials, which rotate. The current group of seven producers 
or retailers of manufactured homes can be broken down into two small 
businesses that manufacture homes, four large businesses that 
manufacture homes, and one retailer.
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    The MHCC held its first meeting in August 2002. The MHCC began 
considering revisions to the MHCSS afterwards. The MHCC developed its 
own priorities for preparing proposed revisions for HUD to consider. As 
the MHCC's efforts proceeded, proposed revisions to the MHCSS were 
divided into groups of recommendations and provided to HUD in sets.
    This rule is based on the fourth and fifth sets of MHCC 
recommendations to HUD. HUD reviewed the recommendations submitted by 
the MHCC and made editorial revisions and additions prior to publishing 
the proposed changes in the Federal Register on July 19, 2022 (87 FR 
43114). HUD received 49 comments on the proposed rule and made further 
revisions in response to the public comments. The following is a 
discussion of the specific revisions to the MHCSS that were included in 
the proposed rule and are enacted by this final rule.

II. Changes Made at the Final Rule Stage

    In response to public comments and in further consideration of 
issues addressed at the proposed rule stage, this final rule adopts the 
proposed rule, published at 87 FR 43114 (July 19, 2022), with the 
revisions discussed in detail below.

A. Clarification of Fire Sprinkler Requirements for Manufactured Homes

    HUD received numerous public comments on the proposed sprinkler 
standard. The comments addressed topics including whether HUD has 
statutory authority to impose any fire sprinkler standard, whether the 
voluntary sprinkler standard would be the first step to HUD imposing a 
mandatory standard, and whether the HUD regulations would be 
duplicative of existing local or State regulations. While HUD discusses 
these comments and its legal authority in greater detail in the public 
comment section of this preamble, the comments demonstrate that 
clarification on certain topics would be beneficial. With respect to 
the fire sprinkler standard itself, the Secretary has not received a 
recommendation from the MHCC on the imposition of a mandatory fire 
sprinkler standard and cannot consider or act until that time. In 
addition, HUD defers to consumer choices, as well as State and local 
jurisdictions that have the appropriate expertise, to determine the 
necessity for installing fire sprinkler systems provided the 
requirements apply to all single family homes, including manufactured 
homes.
    The comments also raised a question of whether the proposed 
language of Sec.  3280.214 is sufficiently clear for parties with 
equity in the rule to understand the requirements related to 
installation of a fire sprinkler system. One commenter suggested a 
revision to the language by adding ``when a manufacturer installs a 
fire sprinkler system as an optional feature or to meet state or local 
laws and regulations'' after the phrase ``Fire sprinkler systems are 
not required by this subpart; however,'' in Sec.  3280.214(a)(1). HUD 
accepted this language and added ``as selected by the consumer'' after 
``optional feature'' because it provides necessary clarity on 
commenters' concerns about their obligations under the final rule and 
was adopted by HUD.
    HUD made minor changes in the final rule to clarify and streamline 
the

[[Page 75705]]

language of Sec.  3280.214(e). In Sec.  3280.214(e)(1), HUD moved the 
phrase ``separated from heat sources as required by the sprinkler 
manufacturer's installation instructions'' from the end of the 
paragraph and placed it after the first usage of ``sprinklers.'' This 
placement clarifies that the standards apply when a fire sprinkler 
system is selected by the consumer as an optional feature of the home 
or when required to meet State or local law. In Sec.  3280.214(e)(2), 
the phrase ``located within the distance to a heat source as specified 
in table 7.5.5.3 of NFPA 13D (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4)'' has been moved and placed immediately after the first usage 
of ``sprinklers.'' This new language specifies that the optional 
sprinklers must be located near the heat source in the described 
manner.

B. Testing and Certification for Fire Sprinkler Systems

    HUD proposed language that initially placed the responsibility of 
testing and certifying the water supply pressure available for fire 
sprinklers, if installed as a voluntarily add-on feature, on the 
installers of manufactured homes. HUD received several comments stating 
that installers of manufactured homes do not have control over the 
design and production process and they may lack relevant expertise to 
meet this obligation. The commenters offered three remedies: (1) HUD 
could set requirements for factory production to place the obligations 
on manufacturers; (2) the water supply pressure testing and 
certification could be completed by a fire protection technician during 
the installation of the home; or (3) HUD could withdraw the rule.
    HUD has revised Sec.  3280.214(q), (r), and (t) to require that 
this water supply pressure testing and certification be completed by a 
fire protection technician during the installation of the home upon 
consideration of the commenter's suggestions. HUD selected this option 
because it addresses the concerns raised by the commenters and fire 
protection technicians have the most relevant and specialized 
experience needed for testing and certifying the adequacy of water 
supply pressure for fire sprinkler systems compared to manufactured 
home installers.

C. Exterior Door Requirements

    HUD proposed removing language from Sec.  3280.105 providing that 
``[d]oor seals are permitted to reduce the opening, either vertically 
or horizontally, a maximum of one inch'' in the proposed rule. HUD 
received two comments explaining that door seals on exterior doors were 
important because they prevent the infiltration of sound, light, 
drafts, or moisture, among other things, in manufactured homes. The 
commenters noted that manufacturers would no longer be allowed to 
account for the reduction that door seals may have on door size and 
opening measurements because the reference had been removed, which 
would impact the required sizes of exterior doors. These concerns led 
the commenters to recommend that the final rule add back the allowance 
for door seals to Sec.  3280.105(b)(2). The explanations on the 
necessity of the door seals are compelling and HUD adopts the 
recommendation, with the exception for at least one exterior door to 
meet full measured opening requirements for egress and safety purposes.
    Commenters also encouraged HUD to consider the related issue of 
whether the phrase ``doorstops'' should be included in the current text 
of Sec.  3280.105(b)(2). Doorstops, similar to door seals, can narrow 
the opening of exterior doors in some situations. Commenters noted that 
narrower door openings can interfere with the ability of first 
responders to transport emergency items such as standard width gurneys 
through exterior doors and into the home. To address commenters' 
concerns about the width of exterior doors, HUD will add the phrase 
``and-/or doorstops'' after the term ``[d]oor seals'' in the final 
sentence of Sec.  3280.105(b)(2). The language of the revised phrase is 
``Door seals and/or door stops are permitted to reduce the opening, 
either vertically or horizontally, by a maximum of one inch.'' This 
language resolves commenters' concerns and promotes safety in 
manufactured homes.

D. Definition of Room

    HUD received a public comment noting that manufactured homes can 
burn more quickly than other types of homes because of their open floor 
plans. HUD has considered how to address the commenter's concerns and 
added a definition of ``room'' to Sec.  3280.105(a)(2)(i). This 
language clarifies that compliance with the exterior door placement 
requirements must account for situations like open floor plans where a 
floor plan may be unclear about the placement of exterior doors in the 
home. This amendment requires homes with open floor plans to have the 
required exterior doors in separate rooms.

E. Loose Fill Materials

    The proposed change to Sec.  3280.215 provides that membrane 
penetrations of fire-resistant-rated walls or ceilings must not lead to 
reductions of fire-resistance-ratings and that the annular spaces 
between membrane penetrations and steel electrical boxes must use 
``cellulose loose-fill or other loose-fill insulation.'' A commenter 
noted that the proposed language could lead manufacturers to understand 
the rule as requiring or being limited only to cellulose-only 
insulation even though manufactured homes often use different materials 
for loose-fill insulation apart from cellulose. HUD considered the 
concerns and revised Sec.  3280.215(d)(2)(i)(B) to state ``where the 
wall cavity is filled with loose-fill insulation.'' This language was 
provided by the commenter to resolve their concern and clarifies the 
requirements of the rule.

F. Provision of Operating Instructions

    HUD proposed removing the language of Sec.  3280.709(a) requiring 
that manufacturers leave appliance manufacturer instructions attached 
to the appliances because HUD had examined the regulatory text and 
concluded that the language caused confusion when read alongside Sec.  
3280.711, which currently states that ``[o]perating instructions must 
be provided with each appliance. The operating and installation 
instructions for each appliance must be provided with the homeowner's 
manual.'' In addition, HUD proposed to revise Sec.  3280.711 to allow 
for the requirements for operating instructions to be met through the 
provision of permanent Quick Response (QR) codes that would streamline 
documentation for manufacturers.
    HUD received a comment expressing concern that the proposed 
revision of Sec.  3280.709(a) would conflict with fuel gas installation 
code requirements and safety standards by allowing the provision of a 
single set of instructions. HUD has revised the language of the final 
rule to clarify that Sec.  3280.711 still requires that one copy of the 
operating instructions for each appliance be provided with the 
homeowners' manual and a second copy shall be provided with the 
appliance unless the appliance has a QR code. Under the rule, a QR code 
can only replace the copy of the operating instructions that comes with 
the appliance itself. It may not replace the copy that must be provided 
with the homeowners' manual.

G. ASCE/SEI 7-05 Standard

    HUD proposed updating ASCE 7-88 to ASCE 7-05, which would require 
amending the wind speed references used to design manufactured homes in

[[Page 75706]]

Wind Zones II and III from ``fastest mile'' to ``three-second gust'' 
parameters. HUD supported the proposed wind speed references by 
completing a general comparison of ASCE 7-88 and ASCE 7-05, followed by 
an in-depth analysis to determine comparable and equivalent wind speeds 
for Wind Zones II and III that align with the ``three-second gust'' 
wind speed methodology and terminology employed in ASCE 7-05, instead 
of the ``fastest mile'' approach utilized in ASCE 7-88. HUD performed 
two different methods of analysis to determine revised windspeeds. The 
first analysis reviewed the HUD wind speed/zone map with the wind speed 
map in ASCE 7-05, to verify that a manufactured home would be subject 
to comparable wind speeds if designed using ASCE 7-05. The second used 
the prescriptive wind pressures shown in the Table of Design Wind 
Pressures under Sec.  3280.305 as a baseline to perform a series of 
iterative calculations to determine wind speeds that would produce 
similar wind pressures for Wind Zones II and III.
    HUD received numerous comments on the potential impact of 
implementing ASCE 7-05 as the appropriate standard, which HUD fully 
discusses in the public comment section. These concerns ranged from the 
ASCE 7-05 imposing more onerous requirements than the current 
standards, the ASCE 7-05 examining non-existent or obsolete wind 
speeds, the costs of compliance with the ASCE 7-05, and the lack of 
consideration of high wind prone regions in the Exposure D definition. 
These concerns led HUD to return this recommendation to the MHCC for 
reconsideration in light of the identified issues. Updating the ASCE 
reference standard is not appropriate without updating several sections 
in the MHCSS, including the values in the Table of Design Wind 
Pressures in Sec.  3280.305(c)(1)(ii)(B), the Wind Speed Map and 
geographic boundaries identified in Sec.  3280.305(c)(2) and (4), and 
references to Exposure D, which require further analysis and 
consideration by the MHCC before HUD can update the ASCE 7 reference 
standard. These concerns have led HUD to return this recommendation to 
the MHCC for reconsideration in light of the identified issues.

H. Number of Dwelling Units

    HUD proposed amending the definition of dwelling in Sec.  3280.2 to 
include ``any structure that contains one to a maximum of three 
dwelling units, designed to be permanently occupied for residential 
living purposes.'' HUD sought public comment on this provision, 
specifically requesting feedback on the benefits and challenges if a 
four-unit maximum were considered and how any conflict with differing 
State maximums would be handled. HUD received numerous comments, which 
are discussed in detail in the comment section, but consideration of 
the comments led HUD to increase the limit to four units for the 
definition of multi-dwelling unit manufactured homes in Sec.  3280.2 as 
requested by the commenters.

I. Required Branch Circuits

    HUD made several revisions to Sec.  3280.805(a)(1) in the final 
rule. HUD added the phrase ``each story of'' to the final rule language 
to accommodate dwelling units that may have more than one story. HUD 
moved the phrase ``number of 15 or 20 ampere lighting circuits'' from 
the end of Sec.  3280.805(a)(1) to the beginning of the sentence to 
clarify the method of calculation. HUD also provided an illustrative 
example to demonstrate how the formula would be used to calculate the 
number of lighting circuits, but notes this example does not change the 
underlying method of calculation provided in the proposed rule.

J. Multi-Dwelling Unit Home Addition To Reporting Requirements

    When reviewing instances where regulatory text had to be updated to 
incorporate the change to the number of dwelling units from three to 
four, HUD identified Sec.  3282.552 as an instance where additional 
clarity would be beneficial. Specifically, the second sentence of Sec.  
3282.552 was amended to require that the relevant manufacturer report 
include the number of dwelling units. This information is collected at 
this stage because the manufacturers are in the best situation to 
collect and report this information.

K. Change to Gas Piping Requirements

    As explained earlier, HUD amended the definition of dwelling to 
include any structure that contains one to a maximum of four dwelling 
units. This change required HUD to review the remainder of its 
regulations to ensure the requirements were clear and uniform. Upon 
review, HUD revised Sec.  3280.705(l)(3) by replacing the phrase 
``manufactured home structure, upstream of the union'' with ``dwelling 
unit structure.'' HUD enacted this change to accommodate and reconcile 
this language with the provisions of multi-dwelling unit manufactured 
homes.

L. New Fire Resistance Rating Language

    HUD proposed that each dwelling unit be separated by wall and floor 
assemblies having not less than a 1-hour fire resistance except in 
certain circumstances listed in Sec.  3280.215(a). HUD further proposed 
that the fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling and wall assemblies must 
extend in certain manner unless an exception listed under Sec.  
3280.215(b) was applicable. Public commenters noted that the proposed 
rule mirrored portions of the 2021 International Residential Code (IRC) 
R302.3 but was missing the exception for homes with installed fire 
sprinklers. A commenter recommended HUD incorporate the 2021 IRC R302.3 
exception 1 into Sec.  3280.215(b)(3).
    After reviewing the relevant materials, HUD accepts the commenter's 
suggestion and incorporates the recommended language. HUD accepted the 
proposal because it promotes uniformity between the MHCSS and 2021 IRC 
R302.3. It also provides an avenue for potential cost reduction where 
automatic fire sprinklers are installed in each dwelling unit. The 
exception, found at Sec.  3280.215(b)(3), provides an allowance for 
multi-dwelling unit manufactured homes equipped with automatic fire 
sprinklers in each dwelling unit to reduce a fire resistance rating of 
walls and floors from a 1 hour fire resistance rating to a \1/2\ hour 
fire resistance rating.

M. AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-17

    HUD proposed amending the testing standards in Sec. Sec.  3280.403, 
3280.404, and 3280.405. Specifically, HUD proposed revising the AAMA 
1701.2 from the 1995 version to the 2012 version, the ANSI Z97.1 from 
the 2004 version to the 2009 version, the AAMA 1702.2 from the 1995 
version to the 2012 version, and the AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-08 
North American Fenestration Standard (NAFS) to the AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/
I.S.2/A440-17. HUD further proposed using the AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/
A440-17 as an alternative compliance method for the sections of the 
MHCSS that govern windows, sliding glass doors, skylights, egress 
windows, and swinging exterior passage doors.
    HUD received numerous comments about the proposed amendment to 
adopt the 2017 version of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 at Sec.  
3280.4(s)(6). The comments stated that HUD adopting the AAMA/WDMA/CSA 
101/I.S.2/A440-17 would make certification of compliance more difficult 
and would increase costs to consumers without providing value

[[Page 75707]]

in exchange. They recommended that AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-08 or 
AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-11 be adopted rather than the proposed 
change.
    After reviewing the comments and the MHCC's recommendations, HUD 
has decided to reject the commenters' recommendations. In March 2016 
(Log 140), the MHCC recommended that HUD adopt the 2011 version. In 
December 2017 (Log 201), the MHCC recommended that HUD adopt the 2017 
version of the AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440. The MHCC explained that 
the AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-08 reference standard was 
significantly outdated and should be updated to the 2017 version. This 
recommendation, when considered alongside the absence of major 
differences between the 2011 and 2017 standards, has led HUD to 
conclude the AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-17 standard would not make 
certification more difficult or impose increased costs on consumers. 
HUD incorporated the 2017 version of the AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 
in this final rule to ensure manufactured homes are constructed using 
more modern, relevant, and effective technologies and materials.

N. Change to Water Heater Language

    HUD proposed amending Sec.  3280.709(a) and (g). HUD received 
public comments suggesting that related language in Sec.  3280.709(h) 
be amended to account for technology changes around water heaters. 
Specifically, the commenters recommended that the requirement for drain 
pans should be revised to facilitate the use of tankless water heaters. 
The technological advances described by the commenters, as well as the 
fact that manufactured homes often do not have a storage-type water 
heater, have led HUD to conclude that amending Sec.  3280.709(h) is 
appropriate. HUD has wholly accepted the proposed language provided by 
the commenters, which adds the phrase ``storage tank'' to the current 
language of Sec.  3280.709(h).

O. Use of Treated Wood in Exterior Applications Only

    HUD proposed revising Sec.  3280.304(a) to state that ``[d]imension 
and board lumber must not exceed 19 percent moisture content at the 
time of installation, except that treated lumber used for exterior 
purposes only may have a moisture content exceeding 19 percent.'' In 
the public comment stage, a commenter explained that the proposed 
language could be improved by adding the phrase ``and does not extend 
into the main home construction'' after the word ``only'' in Sec.  
3280.304(a). HUD accepted this recommendation in the final rule without 
change because the language allows flexibility with respect to porch 
designs with treated lumber that extend into the main roof cavity and 
does not undermine the remainder of the language when engaging in this 
change. The added language prevents the use of treated lumber in areas 
that are not exposed to the elements addressing durability concerns and 
consistent with the intended use of the treated lumber in exterior 
areas only.

P. Non-Update of UL 1995-11 Standard

    HUD is not updating the UL 1995 standard in the final rule because 
the standard was withdrawn and replaced by UL 60335-2-40 on January 1, 
2024. UL 60335-2-40 has been incorporated into the final rule in 
Sec. Sec.  3280.4 and 3280.703. As a result, UL 1995 has been removed 
from this rule and the regulations because the standard is no longer 
relevant.

Q. Changes To Ensure Uniformity in Regulatory Text

    HUD made several non-substantive cross-cutting changes to the 
regulatory text to ensure the language of the final rule was uniform 
and not confusing. In Sec.  3280.103(c)(3), HUD changed the phrase 
``mechanical ventilation'' to ``a local exhaust system'' to ensure 
consistency between paragraphs (c)(2) and (3). HUD changed Sec.  
3280.214(o)(3) by revising the single mention of ``Allowable Pressure'' 
to ``Available Pressure,'' which promotes consistency between 
paragraphs (o)(2) and (3). These changes do not change the substance of 
the regulations, instead merely clarifying certain language.

R. Restructuring of IBR Standards

    The final rule restructures a portion of the incorporation by 
reference (IBR) section by relisting fifteen standards from their ANSI 
identifier to their CSA Group identifier. Although the standards are 
now listed under the CSA Group's header in 24 CFR 3280.4(r), 
manufacturers must still comply with the listed ANSI-specific standard 
that is jointly accredited with the CSA Group standard. Next to each 
CSA Group listing is the relevant ANSI standard to which compliance is 
required.

S. Six Month Implementation Window

    A number of commenters requested that HUD extend the deadline for 
enforcement because the rule updates 74 standards, implements 16 new 
standards, and has several regulatory text changes. Commenters provided 
various solutions from a year extension to bifurcated effective and 
enforcement dates. HUD has established a six-month delayed effective 
date for the rule consistent with section 604(c) of the Housing and 
Community Development Act of 1974 (Pub. L. 93-383, 88 Stat. 701, tit. 
VI, sec. 601-628; 42 U.S.C. 5401 et seq.), which is sufficient time to 
allow manufacturers to comply with the changes and new standards in the 
final rule. HUD does not want to further delay implementation as these 
updates are overdue in many cases and should reap cost-saving benefits 
to manufacturers and consumers. HUD declines to implement a bifurcated 
effective versus enforcement date timeline because bifurcation could 
lead to confusion about deadlines and difficulties with enforcement.

T. Severability

    It is HUD's intention that the provisions of the proposed rule 
operate independently of each other. This intention is demonstrated by 
the structure of this rule, which is comprised of numerous distinct and 
discrete changes to standards that function independently of each 
other. As one example, the changes to insulation, room dimensions, 
exterior doors, and fire safety ratings are independent from one 
another and can be independently enacted if any one or more of the 
aforementioned changes are invalidated. In the event that any provision 
of this rule is declared invalid or stayed, it is HUD's intent that 
those provisions be severable and that those unaffected remain valid. 
Additionally, it is HUD's intention that any provision(s) of the rule 
not affected by a declaration of invalidity or stayed shall be 
severable and remain valid. HUD concludes it would separately adopt all 
of the provisions contained in this rule through separate rulemaking if 
provisions were declared invalid or stayed.

III. Public Comment Summary

    The public comment period for this notice closed on September 19, 
2022, and HUD received 49 comments. Several comments were identical in 
substance and two commenters submitted duplicative comments. The 
comments came from non-profits, independent consultants, private 
citizens, State and city housing administrations, national trade 
associations, and product certification organizations.

[[Page 75708]]

General Support

    Numerous commenters supported updates to the standards, noting that 
such efforts enable the industry to use the latest innovations to 
provide high-quality, affordable manufactured homes. Many commenters 
specifically supported the changes related to accessible shower 
compartments and tankless water heaters. Other commenters applauded the 
express authorization of multi-dwelling unit manufactured homes. 
Commenters supported the revised exterior door requirements to 
facilitate open floor plans, moisture barriers, and higher moisture 
content of treated lumber in exterior additions.
    One commenter expressed support for revising Sec.  3280.403 to add 
the ISO/IEC 17065:2012 accrediting requirement for product 
certification of fenestration products and the requirement that windows 
and doors display their certification from an independent ISO/IEC 
17065:2012 accredited product certification. Another commenter 
expressed support for the changes related to steeper roof pitch 
designs.
    HUD Response: HUD thanks the public commenters for their support of 
these provisions. HUD agrees that by incorporating by reference updated 
construction standards, the rule will encourage the industry's use of 
the latest innovations and continue to support the construction of 
high-quality, affordable, manufactured homes.

Obligations Placed on Installers of Manufactured Homes

    One commenter expressed concern about obligations the proposed rule 
would place on installers of manufactured homes. The commenter 
recommended that HUD set these requirements as part of factory 
production procedures, rather than installation procedures, because the 
rule places more obligations on manufacturers. The commenter offered 
this recommendation because manufacturers have more relevant expertise 
and greater control over the design and production process, as well as 
installers' inability to do a comprehensive evaluation of the 
construction.
    Other commenters raised similar concerns related to the fire 
sprinkler system standards. These commenters noted that the 
installation and testing of fire sprinkler systems are typically done 
by licensed professionals specializing in such systems, not 
manufactured home installers. The commenters disagreed with HUD's 
decision to place responsibility on manufactured home installers to 
test and certify the sprinkler system on site to ensure availability of 
adequate water supply. One commenter recommended that any proposed 
regulations regarding the installation of the fire sprinkler system be 
withdrawn from the rule, while the other commenter provided no 
suggested remedy.
    HUD Response: HUD appreciates these comments. The testing and 
certification requirements imposed under Sec.  3280.214(q) serve to 
verify that the minimum water supply pressure requirements needed to 
properly operate the fire sprinkler systems are met after the home is 
installed. Upon reconsideration, HUD has revised the final rule to 
require that this water supply pressure testing and certification be 
completed by a fire protection technician during the installation of 
the home. HUD selected this option to address the concerns raised by 
the commenters, as fire protection technicians will have the most 
relevant and specialized experience needed for testing and certifying 
the adequacy of water supply for fire sprinkler systems, compared to 
manufactured home installers. However, nothing in this rulemaking 
should be interpreted to change the requirement that home installation 
is the responsibility of the installer and, as applicable, home 
installations must meet HUD Model Manufactured Home Installation 
Standards (24 CFR part 3285) at a minimum and may also be required to 
satisfy State and local installation requirements with permits as may 
be required consistent with Sec.  3286.409(c).
    Fire sprinkler systems are not required by Sec.  3280.214, but when 
a manufacturer incorporates a fire sprinkler system into the design and 
construction of a manufactured home, as an optional feature selected by 
the consumer, design approval agencies must review and approve plans to 
ensure that the system meets the technical requirements established by 
the MHCSS. In-plant inspection agencies must ensure that manufacturers 
follow designs and quality assurance procedures that result in 
compliance with the approved designs and to the standards when the 
standard is specific. Manufacturers are responsible for providing 
installation instructions for the fire sprinkler systems, including 
specific instructions for the inspection and testing of the system 
during or after the installation of the home. As the connection of the 
home to utilities is a matter of installation and in accordance with 
existing regulations at Sec.  3285.904(b), only qualified personnel 
familiar with local requirements are permitted to make utility site 
connections and conduct tests. Therefore, in this final rule, HUD is 
only requiring that the installer ensure that the water supply to a 
fire sprinkler system is verified by a fire protection technician to 
meet the minimum requirements described on the Fire Sprinkler System 
Certificate in the home (located next to the data plate).

Exterior Door Requirements

    Several comments expressed concern that the entry and corridor 
width requirements in the proposed rule would be insufficient to 
facilitate entry by emergency medical services with a gurney stretcher. 
The commenters recommended that HUD require manufactured homes to have 
one 36-inch-wide entry door and 36-inch-wide corridors. They indicated 
that such a requirement would better comport with the International 
Building Code and the International Residential Code, as well as 
California State requirements.
    One commenter noted that a requirement in the proposed rule that 
the doorway be 28 inches wide could leave a net clear opening width of 
only 26 inches after accounting for door stops, hinges, and door 
thickness. The commenter noted that this could be a problem because 
ambulance gurneys are generally 24 inches wide.
    HUD Response: HUD's proposed rule included a requirement, which 
continues in this final rule, that one of the two exterior doors of a 
manufactured home provide a minimum of 32 inch wide by 74 inch high 
clear opening, which is an increase from the previously codified 28 
inch wide requirement. Maintaining the minimum width of 32 inches for 
one external door addresses the concerns regarding effective emergency 
response raised by commenters by providing an increased width standard 
that more easily accommodates the ingress and egress of a standard 24 
inch wide gurney while balancing HUD's statutory requirement to 
consider affordability when establishing Federal minimum standards for 
manufactured housing. These considerations of cost can, as it does now, 
result in requirements that may not follow other established building 
codes.

Door Seal Requirements

    Commenters noted that HUD proposed the removal of the reference to 
door seals in Sec.  3280.105(b)(2). Commenters noted the importance of 
door seals and that, because the reference had been removed, 
manufacturers would no longer be

[[Page 75709]]

allowed to account for the reduction of the opening that door seals 
make up. The commenters recommended that door seals be allowed to 
encroach on opening space and the addition of following sentence: 
``However, the door stops are permitted to reduce the opening, either 
vertically or horizontally, by a maximum of one inch.''
    HUD Response: HUD proposed removing the mention of door seals in 
Sec.  3280.105(b)(2). Commenters provided feedback on the proposal, 
explaining that door seals play a vital role in reducing the 
infiltration of sound, light, drafts, and moisture in manufactured 
homes. The final rule added language in Sec.  3280.105(b)(2) to specify 
that at least one of the exterior egress doors of a manufactured home 
must provide a minimum of 32 inch wide by 74 inch high clear opening. 
However, this language allows manufactures to add door stops and door 
seals to exterior egress doors as long as one exterior egress door does 
not fall below the minimum of 32 inch wide by 74 inch high clear 
opening.
    HUD is making this change for two reasons. First, the MHCC 
recommended that at least one egress door have a minimum 32-inch clear 
width opening for the purpose of improving accessibility. Second, many 
manufactured housing units subject to the MHCSS may be provided to 
entities that administer programs or activities that receive Federal 
financial assistance from HUD. When this is the case, those entities 
would be subject to section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as 
amended (29 U.S.C. 794), and HUD's implementing regulations at 24 CFR 
part 8, including the requirements at 24 CFR 8.22 that address 
accessibility in new construction. Similarly, if manufactured housing 
units are provided to a State or local government for a program or 
activity of a State or local government, the housing would be covered 
by Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (42 U.S.C. 12131-
12134) and its implementing regulations at 28 CFR part 35, including 
the requirements at 28 CFR 35.151(c)(3) that address accessibility in 
new construction. To facilitate compliance by these entities with these 
requirements, HUD is requiring that manufacturers produce manufactured 
housing units that meet the accessibility standards provided in 24 CFR 
part 8 and/or 28 CFR 35.151, as applicable. The Uniform Federal 
Accessibility Standards (UFAS) (see 24 CFR 8.32) or the 2010 ADA 
Standards for Accessible Design with the Deeming Notice, 79 FR 29671 
(May 23, 2014), are currently used for compliance with section 504. The 
2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design are used for compliance with 
the ADA. Both standards prohibit doorways below 32 inches clear width. 
See UFAS 3.13.5 and 2010 ADA Standards 404.2.3. HUD notes that the 
section 504 and ADA requirements are not applicable to any individual 
or buyer that obtains Federal Housing Administration financing when 
purchasing a manufactured housing unit, if the unit is not otherwise 
covered by section 504 or the ADA.

Clarity on Fire Sprinkler Requirements

    One commenter found Sec.  3280.214 of the proposed rule unclear 
about the circumstances in which fire sprinklers are required and read 
the proposed rule as omitting fire sprinkler requirements for what it 
referred to as multi-family manufactured homes. The commenter urged HUD 
to mandate fire sprinklers.
    HUD Response: The final rule does not require the installation of 
fire sprinkler systems in manufactured homes. Multi-dwelling unit 
manufactured homes are single family structures and should not be 
referred to as multifamily dwellings. The final rule only establishes 
minimum requirements for the design and installation of a fire 
sprinkler system if a manufacturer chooses to install one as an 
optional feature selected by the consumer, or to meet State or local 
mandates for fire sprinkler systems in new single family homes. These 
minimum requirements are intended to create uniformity in manufactured 
home construction. HUD has no present reason to consider a mandatory 
fire sprinkler standard unless it is recommended by the MHCC to the 
Secretary.

Necessity of Fire Sprinkler Standard

    Several commenters raised concerns about the necessity of the fire 
sprinkler standard in the proposed rule. These commenters stated that 
the NFPA 13D is an adequate private-sector voluntary sprinkler standard 
for manufactured homes and rejected the need for HUD standards. They 
also raised several unique reasons for their disagreement with the 
proposed rule.
    One commenter stated that manufactured housing units have 
additional fire protective features beyond what is provided in 
industrialized or site-built housing. As examples, the commenter 
referred to requirements related to limited combustible material around 
the cooking range, which it noted was the number one source of home 
fires, as well as the better flame-spread limitations in manufactured 
homes, which reduce the need for fire sprinkler requirements. For 
example, the compartments for the water heater and furnace must have a 
flame-spread rating no greater than 25 and manufactured housing 
requires two exterior doors. The commenter also noted that ceiling 
finishes in manufactured homes must have a flame-spread rating equal to 
or less than 75, as compared to 200 or less in conventional homes.
    HUD Response: HUD appreciates these comments and agrees that fire 
safety and prevention considerations are crucial in the design and 
construction of manufactured homes. The existing fire safety standards 
in the MHCSS have contributed significantly to manufactured homes being 
safer and more fire-resistant than the mobile homes built prior to the 
MHCSS. When examining this issue, HUD must also consider the balance 
between safety and affordability when establishing Federal standards 
and at this time defers to consumer choices to determine the necessity 
for installing fire sprinkler systems in residential homes. HUD 
believes that currently consumers have the right to choose fire 
sprinklers for their protection of life and property, but also 
recognizes the need to balance considerations of cost and effectiveness 
when preserving affordability for manufactured housing consumers. The 
final rule does not require fire sprinkler systems in manufactured 
homes but establishes standards when a design incorporates them. The 
standards under Sec.  3280.214 are based on the NFPA 13D for the design 
and construction, and in-plant water pressure testing. The provisions 
for testing the water supply at the site and any other installation-
related requirements for fire sprinkler systems are minimum 
requirements that must be addressed in manufacturer installation 
instructions. However, the installation will be inspected under 
requirements of 24 CFR parts 3285 and 3286, and the water supply 
sufficiency shall be certified by a fire protection technician. The 
Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards, often referred to 
as MHCSS, provides a minimum requirement that can support 
manufacturers, promote uniformity in manufactured housing construction, 
and preserve affordability, particularly when manufactured homes are 
constructed for States or jurisdictions that require fire sprinkler 
systems.

Authority To Impose a Fire Sprinkler Standard

    One commenter questioned the necessity of the standard and whether 
HUD exceeds the statutory authority for the proposed rule's standards 
related to the installation of fire sprinkler systems.

[[Page 75710]]

The commenter cited the ``manufactured home safety'' definition and 
stated HUD must determine, prior to the adoption of standards, there is 
the existence of ``any unreasonable risk of death or injury to the 
occupant(s) of a manufactured home.'' The commenter asserts that the 
absence of fire sprinklers has never been determined to be an 
unreasonable risk within the HUD fire safety standards. The commenter 
explained that HUD could not now purport to view fire sprinkler 
standards as necessary to ``protect against any unreasonable risk of 
death or injury'' given that the proposed rule declines to mandate fire 
sprinkler systems, but rather sets forth standards with which a 
sprinkler system, if installed, must comply.
    The commenter also stated that a National Fire Protection 
Association (NFPA) report and associated update stated fire sprinklers 
are not necessary to prevent against ``unreasonable risk of death or 
injury'' and that manufactured homes built in compliance with HUD's 
existing fire safety standards have lower incidence of fire and fire 
injuries, comparable fire death rates, and better contained fires than 
other comparable dwellings.
    Given that fire sprinkler systems are not necessary to prevent 
``unreasonable risk of death or injury,'' the commenter concluded, 
specific standards for optional fire sprinkler systems cannot be 
necessary either. It recommended that HUD remove the proposed standard 
from the final rule.
    HUD Response: HUD appreciates the commenter's thoughts and comment 
but does not agree with its conclusion or analysis. Congress directed 
HUD to develop and promulgate standards that reduce the number of 
personal injuries and deaths in manufactured homes, as well as improve 
the quality and durability of manufactured homes, by enacting the 
highest standards of protection. These standards must also be 
appropriate and reasonable, as explained by section 604(a)(1)(A)(i) 
through (iii) of the Manufactured Housing Improvement Act of 2000. 
Neither the assertion that this rule does not require the installation 
of fire sprinkler systems in all manufactured homes or a report that 
manufactured homes built in compliance with HUD's existing fire safety 
standards have lower incidence of fire and fire injuries, comparable 
fire death rates, and better contained fires than other comparable 
dwellings, addresses the authority HUD has to establish standards in 
accordance with the consensus standards development process. Based upon 
MHCC recommendations, HUD has determined the fire sprinkler system 
standards are essential for uniformity and enforcement, as well as 
reasonable specifications that are consistent with approved home 
designs for the installation of a manufactured home to ensure proper 
siting and the joining of all sections of the home.

The Proposed Regulation Is Duplicative Because Existing Regulations 
Preempt State and Local Requirements for Sprinkler Systems

    One commenter claimed that the proposed fire sprinkler standard 
recommendation by the MHCC was substantially based on the idea it was 
necessary to ensure the preemption of State and local fire sprinkler 
standards under 42 U.S.C. 5403(d). The commenter believed that State 
and local standards were already preempted without the need for the 
proposed standard.
    The commenter called attention to the text of 42 U.S.C. 5403(d), 
which provides, in part, that Federal preemption ``shall be broadly and 
liberally construed.'' Prior HUD analysis, including a 1995 legal 
opinion, relied on a narrow construction of the ``same aspect of 
performance test'' to conclude that the Federal standards fail to 
preempt State and local sprinkler mandates because they lack specific 
requirements relating to sprinkler systems. The commenter claimed that 
the statutory text as modified by the ``2000 reform law'' invalidated 
HUD's prior legal analyses and substantially enhanced the scope of 
Federal preemption under the Act. The commenter also attached a 1989 
letter from a former Director of HUD Manufactured Housing and 
Construction Standards Division to the fire chief of Oklahoma City, 
which it cited for the proposition that HUD had previously and 
correctly determined that local standards were preempted under the less 
rigorous preemption language of the original 1974 Act.
    The commenter went on to state that under a ``broad and liberal'' 
construction of Federal preemption in the Act of the ``same aspect of 
performance'' test, preemption analysis should focus on the Federal 
objective to be achieved and the Federal purposes of the Act. The 
commenter explained the result of this test is that existing HUD 
standards preempt State and local laws and do not allow additional or 
different equipment or measures required by ``a state or locality.'' 
The commenter goes on to conclude that existing regulations already 
meet the purpose of preventing ``unreasonable risk of death or injury'' 
and so there is already no room for State and localities to require 
additional measures. Rather, such measures would only unnecessarily 
increase the cost of manufactured homes.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges and appreciates the commenters 
concerns. HUD's existing regulations regarding fire safety standards do 
not address the requirement or the standards of fire sprinklers. The 
current regulations do not prohibit State and local jurisdictions from 
promulgating their own fire sprinkler standards. Although fire 
sprinklers are voluntary, should they be incorporated into the 
manufacturer's design of a manufactured home, HUD's Construction and 
Safety Standards as promulgated through this Final Rule, will preempt 
State and local requirements applicable to the same aspects of 
construction pursuant to section 604(d) of the Housing and Community 
Development Act of 1974, as amended by the Manufactured Housing 
Improvement Act of 2000, and 24 CFR 3282.11(a), just as any other 
standard.

Potential Imposition of Mandatory Fire Sprinkler Standards

    One commenter suggested that the fire sprinkler standards in the 
proposed rule will likely increase the probability that a high-cost 
sprinkler system will be required in all manufactured homes. The 
commenter asserts that the proposed standards are characterized as 
regulatory ``requirements'' and that, when triggered, would subject the 
performance of any sprinkler system to Subpart I procedures and 
enforcement for the life of the home, which would impose all the 
corresponding investigation, documentation, and notice and recall 
requirements. The commenter concluded that the fire sprinkler standards 
should be eliminated from the final rule.
    HUD Response: As noted earlier, the Manufactured Housing 
Improvement Act of 2000 established the MHCC and requires the 
establishment of construction and safety standards in accordance with 
the consensus standards development process. Under this Act, all 
proposed changes to the MHCSS must go through an MHCC-led consensus 
process to allow for thorough review and evaluation of proposed 
changes. Generally, proposed changes to HUD standards must be submitted 
and reviewed for recommendation to the Secretary before HUD can 
consider or implement changes to the MHCSS by notice and comment 
rulemaking. HUD has no present basis and has not received a 
recommendation from the MHCC to mandate fire sprinkler systems

[[Page 75711]]

in all manufactured homes. Therefore no mandate by HUD is being 
proposed.
    Under the final rule, HUD fire sprinkler design and construction 
standards preempt State and local regulations when manufacturers 
construct a home designed with a fire sprinkler system. When a 
manufacturer produces a unit with a fire sprinkler system, Subpart I 
enforcement of the MHCSS will be implemented as applicable.

Federal Fire Sprinkler Standards Could Lead to State Imposed Mandates

    Several commenters stated that the provisions addressing fire 
sprinkler systems in the proposed rule would encourage State and local 
government to step in and require sprinkler systems in manufactured 
homes or otherwise increase regulation. A commenter noted that this 
would reverse the current trend in which jurisdictions focus on the 
model International Residential Code.
    One commenter articulated concern that the voluntary language of 
the fire sprinkler requirements, which provides standards only when a 
manufacturer installs a system but does not require a manufacturer to 
do so, would weaken the rule of preemption and lead other entities to 
believe they may enforce this voluntary requirement in manufactured 
homes. The commenter explained that, currently, a fire suppression 
systems requirement by a local authority applies to all residential 
dwellings and is non-discriminatory. The commenter further explained 
that, under current Pennsylvania law, fire suppression systems are not 
required in one or two-family dwellings but are required in multi-
family dwellings.
    Another commenter asserted that HUD holds the position that State 
and localities can require fire sprinkler systems although it did not 
believe that the MHCSS lacked preemptive effect. While the commenter 
disagreed with the need for a requirement for fire sprinkler systems, 
the commenter explained that, given the proposed standard, HUD should 
now take the position that its fire sprinkler standards preempt State 
and local requirements so that manufacturers do not have to adhere to a 
patchwork of State and local requirements.
    Several commenters echoed the recommendation that HUD explicitly 
adopt the position that its fire sprinkler standard, as laid out in the 
proposed rule, will preempt current or future States or local design, 
testing, or installment mandates. One commenter specifically advised 
that HUD add a statement to Sec.  3280.214 to reflect preemption of 
State and local requirements as stated in Sec.  3282.11. Another 
commenter recommended that HUD adopt a stance that would permit State 
and local regulations, but only insofar as they would require the 
implementation of HUD's otherwise-voluntary fire sprinkler system. The 
commenter explained that this would allow for localized fire sprinkler 
requirements without creating disparate jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction 
sprinkler design requirements. Other commenters concerned about the 
standard's preemptive effect instead recommended that HUD remove the 
proposed voluntary fire sprinkler standard and any other regulations 
regarding the installation of fire sprinkler systems.
    HUD Response: HUD thanks the public for these comments. The 
amendments to MHCSS in this final rule would preempt State and local 
requirements to the extent that State and local fire sprinkler 
requirements conflict with Federal standards pursuant to 24 CFR 
3282.11(a).
    HUD also notes that it must consider the balance between safety and 
affordability when establishing Federal standards and defers to 
consumer choices to determine the necessity for installing fire 
sprinkler systems in residential homes. Fire sprinkler systems are not 
federally mandated for site-built residential homes, as even the 
national life safety code, NFPA 101, is only enforceable if a 
municipality has implemented it. HUD asserts that consumers have the 
right to choose fire sprinklers for the protection of their life and 
property, but also recognizes the need to balance considerations of 
cost and effectiveness when preserving affordability.
    HUD understands the commenters' concern. However, there is no 
indication to HUD that the rule would encourage State and local 
government to step in and require sprinkler systems in manufactured 
homes or otherwise increase regulation. Consequently, this issue is too 
speculative for HUD to meaningfully consider in the final rule.

A Voluntary Fire Sprinkler System Insufficiently Protects Residents

    One commenter expressed concerns that the proposed fire sprinkler 
system would fail to protect residents of manufactured homes from 
personal injuries and protect the public from unreasonable risk, as is 
required by statute and recommended that HUD require fire sprinkler 
systems in all new manufactured homes. The commenter believed that home 
fires present an unreasonable risk of death or injury in manufactured 
homes and that fire sprinklers are the most effective means to control 
such risk, especially in multiunit manufactured housing. The commenter 
cited the prevalence of fire deaths and injuries in the home and 
explained that most such casualties occurred in one-and-two family 
dwellings, including manufactured homes. It stated that, although 
injury rates from home fires were lower in manufactured homes, death 
rates were higher. The commenter expressed particular concern for 
elderly individuals, who have higher injury and death rates from home 
fires, in part because of factors like decreased mobility and other 
impairments. The commenter noted that demographic trends suggest that 
more older individuals will occupy manufactured homes in the United 
States over time. The commenter referenced the growing elderly 
population combined with the growing percentage of the population 
living in manufactured homes. The commenter also noted that 
manufactured housing is more prevalent in rural areas and in the South, 
areas with higher fire fatality rates.
    The commenter believed these factors to create an unreasonable risk 
of death or injury and stated that automatic fire sprinklers would be 
an effective means of controlling that risk. The commenter cited an 
analysis of home fire data which found that in fires where automatic 
fire sprinklers were present, civilian deaths were 89 percent lower and 
injuries were 27 percent lower. It further suggested, based on the 53 
percent reduction in medical-related costs of civilian injuries in 
fires where automatic fire sprinklers were present, that perhaps 
injuries were also less severe.
    The commenter also noted that automatic fire sprinklers are a 
requirement for one-and-two family occupancies in the 2006 edition of 
NFPA 5000 Building and Construction Code, as well as the 2009 
International Residential Code (IRC). The commenter noted that modern 
homes burn hotter and faster, due to lightweight construction 
practices, open floor plans, and synthetic furnishings, which leave 
occupants with as little as two minutes to escape. Fire sprinklers can 
control the fire until firefighters arrive and give occupants more time 
to escape.
    Based on this, the commenter recommended that HUD require automatic 
fire sprinklers in all manufactured homes to provide them with the 
equivalent level of safety as site-built homes. The commenter also 
recommended that HUD to take the opportunity to ensure manufactured 
homes provide a higher level of safety than site-built homes and noted 
that 42

[[Page 75712]]

U.S.C. 5401 et seq. contains no requirement of parity between the two 
kinds of housing.
    To provide an adequate level of fire safety for multi-unit 
manufactured homes, the commenter referred HUD to section R302.2 of the 
2021 edition IRC. The commenter advised that, to maintain the 
applicability of NFPA 13D, which is limited in scope to one-and-two 
family dwellings, the separation requirements of section R302.2 of the 
2021 edition IRC must be applied between every two units in multi-unit 
manufactured homes. It explained that this would result in multi-unit 
manufactured homes being divided into two-family dwellings and it would 
then further be advisable to apply the requirements of R302.3 of the 
IRC for separation between individual units.
    In the alternative to requiring automatic fire sprinklers in all 
new manufactured housing, the commenter supported the incorporation of 
NFPA 13D by reference for those homes in which sprinklers are 
installed. The commenter explained the history of NFPA 13D and stated 
that it believed NFPA provides the appropriate balance between safety 
and affordability. The commenter believed consumers should have the 
right to choose fire sprinklers and be confident that they were 
installed in accordance with the most up-to-date standards.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges the comments but disagrees that the 
proposed fire sprinkler system standards would fail to protect 
residents from personal injuries and protect the public from 
unreasonable risk. While the final rule does not require the 
installation of fire sprinkler systems in all manufactured homes, the 
final rule does establish minimum requirements for the design and 
installation of a fire sprinkler system if a manufacturer produces a 
design that contains the optional feature. These minimum requirements 
are intended to create uniformity.
    HUD agrees that fire sprinkler systems can be a very effective 
means for controlling risk of fire-related injuries and providing 
additional protection for occupants. HUD agrees that the NFPA also 
considers the balance between safety and affordability, and that 
consumers have the right to choose fire sprinklers for their protection 
of life and property, and to be confident in its installation and 
integrity. HUD also recognizes the need to balance considerations of 
cost and effectiveness when preserving affordability for manufactured 
housing consumers. HUD also acknowledges that manufactured homes built 
in compliance with HUD's existing fire safety standards are 
significantly safer and more fire-resistant than the mobile homes built 
prior to the MHCSS. The final rule incorporates NFPA 13D by reference 
for Sec.  3280.214(b), (e) and (o), including the exception for multi-
dwelling unit manufactured home construction (24 CFR 3280.215(b)(3)), 
based on the 2021 edition IRC section R302.3 that allows for a fire 
resistance rating of \1/2\ hour to be permitted in buildings equipped 
throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance 
with Sec.  3280.214.
    Furthermore, HUD is required by the Manufactured Housing 
Improvement Act of 2000 to use a consensus process for thorough review 
and evaluation of proposed changes. Generally, proposed changes to HUD 
standards must be submitted and reviewed for recommendation to the 
Secretary before HUD can consider or implement changes to the MHCSS by 
notice and comment rulemaking. Absent an authority to act or emergency, 
HUD may not consider or impose a mandatory fire sprinkler standard at 
this time because the MHCC has not provided a recommendation to change 
the standards.

Clarifying the Language of Sec.  3280.214

    One commenter suggested a revision to the language of Sec.  
3280.214, which it believed would support State and local jurisdictions 
in its safety efforts. Specifically, in Sec.  3280.214, the commenter 
recommended that paragraph (a)(1) read ``. . . when a manufacturer 
installs a fire sprinkler system as an optional feature or to meet 
state or local laws and regulations, this section . . .'' The commenter 
stated that this change was advisable to broadly preempt State or local 
requirements for manufactured homes.
    HUD Response: HUD agrees with the commenter and has amended Sec.  
3280.214(a)(1).

Standards for Fire Sprinkler System Piping in Sec.  3280.214(p)

    Two commenters expressed concern about the proposed rule at Sec.  
3280.214(p) which subjects the fire sprinkler system piping to the same 
test as the water distribution systems in Sec.  3280.612(a). The 
commenters explained that the proposed rule requires the test to be 
conducted with air or water at 100 PSI for 15 minutes, whereas the NFPA 
13D, which is identified as a reference standard, requires a 
hydrostatic (water) test in order to pressurize the system at 200 PSI 
for two hours. One commenter recommended that all proposed regulations 
regarding the installation of the fire sprinkler systems be withdrawn 
from the docket. The other commenter recommended that Sec.  3280.214(p) 
be aligned with the reference standard to avoid confusion.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges these comments. The water supply 
testing provisions proposed by HUD were determined to accommodate more 
types of piping materials, such as nonmetallic pipe and tubing, such as 
CPVC and PEX. Some materials used for home sprinkler systems are not 
suitable for the 100 PSI or higher testing requirements cited by NFPA 
for metallic pipes, and HUD must consider both safety and affordability 
considerations for the design and construction of manufactured homes. 
Sprinkler piping must comply with all requirements for cold-water 
distribution piping.

Reduced Fire-Resistance Rating for Buildings With Automatic Sprinkler 
Systems

    Some commenters noted that the proposed language regarding fire 
separation requirements between two dwelling units was based on 
language from the IRC but was missing an important exception. The 
commenters stated that the rule was missing the 2021 IRC R302.3 
exception 1 for homes that have fire sprinklers installed.
    A commenter specifically recommended that HUD incorporate 2021 IRC 
R302.3 exception 1 as the third exception of Sec.  3280.215(b). The 
language proposed by the commenter would read as follows: ``A fire 
resistance rating of \1/2\ hour shall be permitted in buildings 
equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in 
accordance with Section 3280.14''.
    HUD Response: HUD agrees with the comment's suggested change and 
has added this exception to Sec.  3280.215(b) in the final rule. The 
exception provides an allowance for multi-dwelling unit manufactured 
homes equipped with automatic fire sprinklers in each dwelling unit, 
the fire resistance rating of walls and floors may be reduced from 1 
hour fire resistance rating to \1/2\ hour fire resistance rating.

Roof Resistance to Fire

    One commenter recommended that HUD adopt a minimum requirement for 
the fire resistance of roofing materials to provide a Class A fire 
rating as determined by either ASTM E108 or UL 790.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges this comment and recommends that the 
commenter propose a standard to be reviewed by the MHCC. The public may 
submit proposed standards via the internet at mhcc.homeinnovation.com.

[[Page 75713]]

Generally, absent authority to act or address an emergency, HUD 
addresses or incorporates changes after proposed changes are reviewed 
by the MHCC.

The Proposed Rule's Three-Unit Limitation on Multi-Dwelling Unit 
Manufactured Homes

    While noting that they supported the regulation's express 
authorization of multi-dwelling unit manufactured homes, some 
commenters disagreed with the three-unit limitation proposed by HUD. 
These commenters provide several bases for their position.
    Initially, one commenter stated that the limitation exceeded HUD's 
statutory authority under 42 U.S.C. 5402(6), since 42 U.S.C. 5402, 
which defines ``manufactured home,'' does not contain a limitation to 
the number of single-family homes that can be joined into a multi-
dwelling unit. The commenter also stated that HUD and MHCC appear to 
recognize that the restriction has no basis in statutory authority by 
pointing to the text of the proposed rule which states that ``MHCC 
based its determination on ensuring consistency with a similar state 
code'' and to contemporaneous MHCC documents which, the commenter 
claimed, show that MHCC based its determination on the subcommittee 
members' belief that the limitation would keep HUD standards consistent 
with the IRC, while a higher limit or no limit would require compliance 
with the International Building Code (IBC). The commenter stated that 
reliance on or reference to State building codes or non-manufactured 
housing model codes as the basis for the limitation lack any legitimate 
basis for the limit since (1) manufactured housing is not subject to or 
regulated by any State code or model code unless incorporated by the 
MHCSS by reference, which is true for neither IRC nor IBC and (2) 
neither the IBC nor the IRC is specific to manufactured housing or its 
associated statutory purposes, such as affordability.
    The commenter also raised constitutional equal protection concerns 
related to narrow definitions of ``family'' or ``single family,'' 
noting that manufacturers and retailers could be subject to 
discrimination claims and potential liability for refusing to sale or 
lease a home based on the status of the consumer or its expected use. 
Finally, the commenter stated that the unit restriction exceeded 
Federal authority because once a manufactured home is sold and 
installed, its use becomes a matter for State and local authority 
through mechanisms like zoning and use permits.
    A second commenter similarly expressed concern that the ``size 
requirements'' were necessary because localities already set standards 
in this area and that HUD's standards would only serve to limit 
availability of products to consumers. This commenter also recommended 
that HUD support ``multi-level, multi-unit dwellings,'' in light of 
land-use limitations faced in many communities. The commenter explained 
that this support would enable increased housing availability, 
affordability, and healthy community growth. A third commenter 
recommended that HUD raise or eliminate the 3-unit multifamily cap 
noting that any unit cap must have a valid policy basis and suggested 
that the current proposed rule lacked such a basis as to the three-unit 
restriction.
    HUD Response: HUD appreciates the comments but disagrees that HUD 
lacks the authority to limit the number of units that can be joined to 
form a multi-dwelling unit manufactured home. Under section 604(b) of 
the Manufactured Housing Improvement Act of 2000, HUD has broad 
authority to establish, after recommendation from the MHCC, 
construction and safety standards and model installation standards for 
manufactured homes. Limiting the number of single-family units that may 
be installed together and still be considered a manufactured home for 
Federal purposes is an exercise of those various authorities. 
Consistent with the requirements of the Act, HUD, in consultation with 
the MHCC, determined that the limit on the number of units is 
reasonable and practical and can reduce potential safety or unforeseen 
logistical challenges. 42 U.S.C. 5403(a)(1)(A)(i). HUD's statutory 
obligation is to protect residents of manufactured homes from personal 
injuries, insurance costs, and property damages. HUD agrees that zoning 
regulations and the land use planning of local jurisdictions could also 
impact the installation of multi-dwelling unit manufactured home but 
does not agree that HUD's standards will have an adverse impact on 
product availability.
    In response to these comments along with other considerations 
detailed below, HUD has increased the limit to four (4) units for the 
definition of multi-dwelling unit manufactured homes. HUD considered 
the criteria established by the Federal Housing Administration, which 
insures multi-dwelling unit manufactured homes of one to a maximum of 
four units under HUD's single family program. Further, the maximum 
number of four is commensurate with maximum limits established for 
attached units in international code requirements. These 
considerations, as well as ensuring uniformity between HUD programs, 
led HUD to conclude that four units was appropriate, at this time, for 
the definition of multi-dwelling unit manufactured homes.
    HUD acknowledges certain commenters suggested eliminating the limit 
on units entirely. However, such a proposal was neither recommended by 
the MHCC nor presented in the proposed rule for public review and 
comment. The absence of these actions prevents HUD from considering the 
recommendation until the MHCC completes a consensus driven review and 
provides a recommendation to the Secretary. HUD requests that the 
commenters propose this code change to the MHCC and provide supporting 
rationale and justifications with the proposal. The public may submit 
proposed revisions to the MHCSS via the internet at 
mhcc.homeinnovation.com.
    HUD would like to clearly state the distinct terminology and 
nomenclature that multi-dwelling unit manufactured homes are single 
family structures and are not properly or technically classified as 
``multifamily'' dwellings which are traditionally five or more dwelling 
units and are considered commercial property.

Use of the ASCE 7-05 To Recalculate Wind Speed References

    Numerous comments stated that ASCE 7-05 was not an appropriate 
standard for use in the proposed wind design standard and recommended 
that HUD use ASCE 7-10. Many of these commenters stated that the 
proposed wind speeds used by ASCE 7-05 result in more onerous 
requirements for a wind zone (WZ) II house than would exist for a WZ 
III house designed under current standards. As examples, commenters 
noted that a WZ II house on the Gulf Coast of Alabama would, under the 
proposed standard, have the same design wind speed as a house located 
in the Florida Keys using the newer editions of ASCE. Another commenter 
gave the example that a WZ II house in Magnolia Springs, Alabama would 
need to be constructed in the same way as one in Marathon, Florida. 
Further, commenters noted the proposed rule uses wind speeds that 
exceed the highest mapped wind speeds under the more current editions 
of ASCE. Similarly, one commenter noted that for WZ II, no location in 
the contiguous United States utilizing ASCE 7-10 or other newer version 
has a wind speed equaling 194 miles per hour. The commenter also noted 
that use of

[[Page 75714]]

ASCE-7-05 would require design to Vult=181mph mph for WZ II and 
Vult=194mph for WZ III.
    A number of commenters expressed concern about the increased costs 
that would be imposed on the industry as a result of the new wind 
standards. Several commenters noted that the proposed rule would 
increase costs in other areas including ESR-1539 ``increased/stronger 
metal strapping, calculated staples,'' NDS 2015 ``longer lags to 
account for tip, more SYP lumber due to reduced design properties,'' 
and AISC 360-10 ``increased/stronger uplift straps.'' These commenters 
contrasted these costs, which they referred to as ``acceptable and 
understandable,'' to the use of the ASCE 7-05 standard which they 
suggested were both unacceptable and incomprehensible.
    Several commenters stated that ASCE 7-05 is a flawed measure 
because it excludes hurricane prone regions from the Exposure D 
definition, a decision that some commenters note has been found to be 
inappropriate. Commenters noted that if ASCE 7-05 is adopted, other 
portions of the 24 CFR part 3280 will need to be revised in light of 
the change in the Exposure D definition.
    One commenter noted that the language in the proposed rule stating 
that ``conversions could not be used alone as they do not factor in 
changes ASCE 7 made throughout the years to determine the wind 
pressures for building design that are now based on wind speed'' as 
lacking reason. The commenter stated the ASCE 7-10 introduced a factor 
of 0.6 in the load combination for wind, thereby reducing the wind 
pressure from ASCE 7-05, and criticized HUD's decision to apply its own 
factor without clear basis to arrive at the figures for WZ II and WZ 
III.
    Another commenter questioned HUD's comparison of ASCE 7-88 and ASCE 
7-05 and noted that if velocities of 120 miles per hour (mph) and 130 
mph are used, the result is an 18 percent increase in ASCE 7-05 over 
ASCE 7-88. It contrasted this to velocities of 140 mph and 150 mph, 
which would lead to a 61 percent increase. The commenter recommended 
HUD revise the proposed 140 and 150 wind speeds to 120 and 130 miles 
per hour as it had done initially.
    Another commenter also expressed concern surrounding HUD's wind 
pressure standards. The commenter noted that when comparing the 
pressures in ASCE 7-88 to the table pressures, many of the ASCE 7-88 
table pressures are lower but some are higher. The commenter encouraged 
new regulations to continue ``this principle'' given that the ``intent 
of engineered design is to be comparable but designed in a more precise 
manner.'' While not entirely clear, this commenter appeared to 
recommend that lower wind pressures be used in the NPR.
    Some commenters stated that the revised standard would make 
construction of roof pitches over 20 degrees more expensive, or would 
even be impossible, and would make manufactured homes uncompetitive. 
One commenter explained that the standard was flawed because it applied 
the loads without regard to exposure and that use of the ASCE 7-10 
standard would enable roof pitches over 20 degrees to be built.
    Other commenters considered ASCE 7-05 flawed because it relied on 
wind speed criteria that are obsolete such as ASCE 7-05's use of 
``stress-level'' wind speeds as opposed to ``strength-level'' wind 
speeds. The commenters stated that this standard could cause confusion 
among consumers regarding the wind safety of manufactured homes and may 
dissuade them from purchasing such homes. These commenters instead 
recommended use of a newer version of ASCE 7 and revisions to the 
methodology underlying the adopted wind speeds. Some commenters 
specifically recommended use of the ASCE 7-10. One commenter 
recommended use of ASCE 7-22 and advised that the methodology for the 
adopted wind speeds, as well as the WZ II and WZ II wind speeds, be 
revised accordingly.
    HUD Response: HUD appreciates the comments received. HUD is not 
updating the reference standard for wind load design from ASCE 7-88 to 
ASCE 7-05 after considering the public comments. Instead, HUD is 
returning this item to the MHCC for reconsideration. It is HUD's 
conclusion that updating the ASCE reference standard is not appropriate 
without updating several sections in the MHCSS, including the values in 
the Table of Design Wind Pressures in Sec.  3280.305(c)(ii)(B), the 
Wind Speed Map and geographic boundaries identified in Sec.  
3280.305(c)(2) and (4), and references to Exposure D in Sec.  
3280.5(g). HUD recommends that the MHCC reconsider updating both the 
table and the impacted reference to ensure correlation for same edition 
of ASCE 7.
    In making this recommendation, it is vitally important to provide 
the background and origin of HUD's current standard regarding wind 
provisions. In the months following Hurricane Andrew, HUD proposed the 
rule to replace the wind load provisions of the MHCSS. That proposed 
rule, which was based on a refined version of ASCE 7-88, formed the 
basis of the current HUD standard. In the proposed rule, the design 
wind pressures were based on the formation of three wind zones: Zone I 
with wind speeds of 80mph or less, Zone II with wind speed from 81 to 
100 mph, and Zone III with wind speed of 101 to 110 mph. These three 
wind zones are separated by zone boundaries corresponding approximately 
to the 80 mph and 100 mph isotaches along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. 
The States of Hawaii and coastal portions of Alaska are designated as 
Zone III.
    Because ASCE 7-88 was used as the basis to develop HUD's current 
standards regarding wind provisions in Sec.  3280.305, referencing ASCE 
7-88 for determining design wind loads in Sec. Sec.  3280.5(f), 
3280.304(b), and 3280.305(c) result in approximately identical or close 
results as those shown in HUD's Table of Design Wind Pressures for 
manufactured homes in almost all U.S. locations. This consistency 
supports the option of using either ASCE 7-88 or HUD's Table of Design 
Wind Pressures specified in Sec.  3280.305 for wind loads in high wind 
areas (Zones II and Zone III). This consistency, however, does not 
exist for ASCE 7-05 or ASCE 7-10.
    Although in general the equation for obtaining design wind pressure 
in ASCE 7-88 and all later editions can be expressed as the square of 
basic wind speed, multiplied by a couple of coefficients that represent 
different factors contributing to design wind pressure yet independent 
from basic wind speed, the design philosophy and methodology underlying 
those factors and how they interact with one another and the basic wind 
speed and the wind maps, have evolved dramatically since ASCE 7-88. 
First, the definition of basic wind speed has changed from being based 
on ``fastest mile'' wind speed measurements in ASCE 7-88 to being based 
on the ``3-second gust'' wind speed measurements in ASCE 7-05 and later 
editions. Second, the exposure velocity pressure coefficient, which 
reflects change in wind speed with height and terrain roughness, the 
topographic factor, which accounts for wind speed-up over hills and 
escarpments, and the directionality factor were added in ASCE 7-05.
    Most importantly, the wind maps have changed dramatically since the 
original 1993 rulemaking and have been completely redrawn in more 
recent editions of ASCE 7. More recent maps in ASCE 7-05 show high-wind 
zones extending much farther inland than those shown on the 1988 map 
and contour lines also have changed, which

[[Page 75715]]

would significantly affect basic wind speeds used for calculations. The 
basic wind speed determined by using ASCE 7-05 can produce a very 
different result than the calculation based upon HUD's standard for the 
same location. In addition, in response to the public comments 
recommending ASCE 7-10 instead of ASCE 7-05, HUD notes that ASCE 7-10 
included another major revision to ASCE 7-05 that needs to be 
considered by the MHCC. ASCE 7-10 no longer includes an importance 
factor and introduces risk categories. Instead of having one map as in 
ASCE 7-05, ASCE 7-10 introduces three new wind speed maps that 
correspond to each risk category. The ASCE 7-10 maps were transitioned 
to reflect the use of the different risk categories and alternate load 
and resistance design methodologies (allowable stress design instead 
vs. load and resistance factor design). Furthermore, ASCE 7-10 
reintroduced Exposure D for water surfaces in hurricane-prone regions, 
including a new wind-borne debris region, along with a new simplified 
procedures for buildings up to 160 feet in height, and new minimum wind 
loads for walls. These changes are very important and must be 
thoroughly considered by the MHCC before updating the HUD standards.
    HUD recognizes that updating the basic wind speeds and certain 
isotach references for Wind Zone III in the State of Alaska and Guam, 
as originally proposed, will certainly lead to a mismatch of design 
wind pressures for many locations. These mismatches have been reported 
in several public comments. For HUD to update the reference standard to 
ASCE 7-05, or ASCE 7-10, or any other edition of ASCE 7 that has 
undergone major change(s) of wind map contour lines, revisions that are 
far too substantial to be incorporated between proposed to final 
rulemaking would need to be implemented. In addition, these changes, 
which include, but are not limited to, updating the zone maps in Sec.  
3280.305 must be reviewed through the consensus committee process for 
development and revision of HUD standards.
    HUD agrees with the comment that the intent of engineered design is 
to be comparable but designed in a more precise manner. From an 
engineering design perspective, every revision of the ASCE 7 wind load 
provisions over time has been made to improve building design and 
address safety considerations. For instance, design wind loads have 
increased for locations where the probability of hurricanes have risen, 
yet decreased in circumstances where scientific and engineering 
advancements, such as new technologies simulating and testing wind 
speeds, updated design methodologies, or breakthrough research 
findings, have improved the design of homes. HUD's purpose for updating 
design standards is to revise standards to be more accurate and 
consider public safety. As such, updating the reference standard for 
design wind pressures for Exposure C from ASCE 7-88 to a more recent 
version without revising the Table of Design Wind Pressures would be in 
conflict with the general purpose of updating HUD's standards.
    Based on this assessment, HUD has determined that the proposed 
methodology, if applied to the wind zone map codified under Sec.  
3280.305, will result in significant cost impacts that have not yet 
been fully considered nor recommended by the MHCC. HUD is returning 
this recommendation to the consensus committee for further review and 
analysis and has removed the proposed changes from the final rule. ASCE 
7-88 remains the codified reference standard and basis for design wind 
pressures and wind zones established for high wind areas.

Statutory Authority for the Increase in Wind Resistance Standards

    One commenter opposed the proposed rule's use of the ASCE 7-05 
standard and ``three-second gust'' parameter to recalculate the wind 
speed references for manufactured homes in Wind Zones II and III on the 
grounds that HUD had exceeded their statutory authority in making the 
change. Specifically, the commenter stated that HUD had impermissibly 
relied on consistency with the design of other single-family structures 
in modifying its parameters. The commenter referenced the proposed 
rule's statement that the three-second gust parameter ``would keep 
manufactured housing on par with design of other single-family 
structures.'' The commenter stated that HUD does not have authority 
that would allow HUD to base new or amended MHCSS standards on identity 
with or similarity to standards for other types of housing. The 
commenter also stated that HUD and MHCC had neglected their statutory 
duty by failing to, in recommending and proposing MHCSS standards, 
consider the cost of such standards. It cited to 42 U.S.C. 5403(e) for 
the proposition that MHCC and HUD must consider ``the probable effect 
of such standard on the cost of the manufactured home to the public.''
    Finally, the commenter suggested that, if an increase in design 
wind speed would result from updating to the ASCE 7-05 standard, then 
HUD should specify which aspect of manufactured housing safety is 
unsatisfactory under the current standards and provide evidence to 
support that determination and show the cost impact of such changes on 
home purchase price.
    HUD Response: HUD has a statutory obligation to establish 
construction and safety standards under section 604(a)(1)(A) of the 
Manufactured Housing Improvement Act of 2000. However, the current ASCE 
7 standard will not be changed in the final rule and the recommendation 
is being returned to the MHCC for reconsideration. This is based upon 
HUD's engineering assessment and public comments identifying issues 
with the proposed standard.

Resistance to Seismic Lateral Loads

    One commenter noted that although the proposed rule went into 
detail of the provisions for wind load, it had left other lateral loads 
such as seismic loads largely unaddressed. The commenter recommended 
that provisions for seismic loads be incorporated into the document. It 
specifically suggested that such provisions be incorporated where the 
incorporation of seismic loads may control or otherwise modify the 
designs of the structure or component. As an example, the commenter 
pointed to Sec.  3280.305 Windstorm and recommended that provisions for 
support and anchoring systems to resist other lateral loads be 
incorporated. The commenter provided further examples of Sec.  3285.103 
site suitability with design zone maps and recommended that it be 
updated to address seismic zone suitability check along with 
incorporation of seismic loading into part 3280. The commenter also 
recommended that the rule address anchorage for seismic loads.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges this comment and recommends that the 
commenter submit a proposed code change supported by technical analysis 
and corresponding design zone maps, to be reviewed by the MHCC. The 
MHCC is a Federal advisory committee established and required by 
statute. All proposed changes to the MHCSS must follow the MHCC 
consensus process to comply with Federal regulations. Generally, 
proposed changes to HUD standards must be submitted and reviewed for 
recommendation to the Secretary before HUD can consider or implement 
changes to the MHCSS by notice and comment rulemaking. The public may 
submit proposed standards at mhcc.homeinnovation.com.

[[Page 75716]]

Snow Load Standards

    One commenter noted that the basis of design snow loads has changed 
from average ground snow to maximum event snow in the 2022 IBC. The 
commenter also expressed concern about obsolete load standards in HUD 
regulations generally and recommended that HUD regulations be revised 
to be based on the latest versions of the load standards.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges this comment and recommends that the 
commenter propose a code change to be reviewed by the MHCC. As 
mentioned in the previous response, generally, proposed changes to the 
MHCSS must be submitted and reviewed by the MHCC through the statutory 
consensus process for recommendation to the Secretary before HUD can 
consider changes for rulemaking. The public may submit proposed 
standards via the internet at mhcc.homeinnovation.com.

HUD Reference No. 8, Water Resistive Barrier

    One commenter stated that the HUD Reference No. 8, Water Resistive 
Barrier, would increase the acquisition cost of manufactured homes 
without remedying the identified safety or construction deficiencies. 
The commenter recommended that the requirement be eliminated from the 
final rule. The commenter cited HUD's statement that a requirement 
would ``align [the] manufactured housing code with site-built 
construction standards,'' and stated that HUD did not have the 
authority to mandate changes for this reason. Rather, the commenter saw 
HUD as having authority to propose and adopt standards only for the 
purposes of addressing specific, identified life, health, and safety 
and construction matters with the goal of protecting against 
unreasonable risk of accidents or any unreasonable risk of death or 
injury if such accidents occur.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges these comments. HUD has a statutory 
obligation under section 604(a) of the Manufactured Housing Improvement 
Act of 2000 to establish and enforce construction and safety standards 
for manufactured homes. This includes authority to revise the MHCSS for 
consistency and improve efforts to protect the quality, durability, 
safety, and affordability of manufactured homes. Water resistive 
barriers play a critical role in protecting homes from moisture damage, 
improving energy efficiency, enhancing durability, and reducing the 
impacts of climate change by adding an additional layer of protection 
against water intrusion and rain and reducing air leakage. Furthermore, 
insurance companies recognize the importance of water resistive 
barriers in mitigating water damage risks, which can result in 
potential insurance discounts or lower premiums that lead to cost 
savings for homeowners.

Recommended Revisions to Data Plate Disclosure Language of 24 CFR 
3280.5(g)

    Several commenters recommended that HUD update the data plate 
disclosure definition to accord with the definition of Exposure D as 
described in ASCE/SEI 7-05. They noted that ASCE/SEI 7-88 defines 
``Exposure D'' differently than ASCE/SEI 7-05. Two of these commenters 
recommended that Sec.  3280.5(g) be revised to provide: ``This home has 
not been designed for the higher wind pressures and anchoring 
provisions required for locations with 600' of flat, unobstructed areas 
and water surfaces in Wind Zone I which extend out 5,000 feet or more 
unless the home and its anchoring foundation system have been designed 
for the increased requirements specified for Exposure D in ANSI/ASCE 7-
05.''
    HUD Response: HUD appreciates the comments. HUD conducted an 
engineering assessment in response to public comments on the ASCE-7-05 
wind standard. The assessment raised additional cost and efficacy 
concerns that must be examined by the MHCC. The return of the standard 
to the MHCC was necessary because, unlike the recommendations about the 
AAMA standard, where the MHCC provided HUD with recommendations for 
both the 2011 and 2017 standards, the MHCC's recommendation did not 
provide HUD an alternative reference standard. This absence deprives 
HUD of authority to enact a new standard, which must first be reviewed 
by the MHCC's further engineering assessment. The final rule will not 
update the ASCE standard to a version other than what is currently 
codified. If HUD revisits the matter in future rulemaking, commenters 
are encouraged to submit this feedback again.

HUD Reference No. 25, National Design Specification for Wood 
Construction

    One comment stated that the HUD Reference No. 25, National Design 
Specification for Wood Construction, would increase the acquisition 
cost of manufactured homes without remedying identified safety or 
construction deficiencies. The commenter recommended that the 
requirement be eliminated from the final rule. The commenter cited 
HUD's statement that the requirement would ``increase home resiliency 
for consumers,'' and questioned whether HUD had the authority to 
mandate changes for this purpose under the 1974 Act. The commenter said 
that HUD especially lacked the authority for this change given that the 
standard would increase the purchase costs of homes and exclude 
potential purchasers without delivering specific identified and 
quantified benefits.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges these comments. HUD has a statutory 
obligation to establish construction and safety standards under section 
604(a)(1)(A) of the Manufactured Housing Improvement Act of 2000. This 
Act authorizes HUD to revise the MHCSS to protect the quality, 
durability, safety, and affordability of manufactured homes. The NDS is 
widely used by engineers, architects, builders, and other professionals 
involved in the design and construction of wood-framed buildings and 
structures. HUD is incorporating this reference standard to reflect the 
advancements in wood technology, industry best practices, and 
guidelines for wood construction that impact manufactured housing.

Purchase Price Impact Analyses

    One commenter commented on the lack of purchase price impact 
analysis in the proposed rule. The commenter stated that, under section 
604(3) of the 1974 Act, each reference standard change, addition, or 
modification must be accompanied by an analysis calculating the 
purchase price impact and weighing it against the alleged benefits of 
the proposed change. The commenter noted that HUD had provided no such 
analysis in table 2 or the preamble of the proposed rule.
    The commenter stated HUD was obligated to consider the cost impact 
of any proposed changes or additions to the MHCSS standards within the 
context of the DOE ``energy conservation'' standards. The commenter 
stated that unnecessary HUD standards would compound with DOE standards 
to increase the cost of manufactured housing to the exclusion of lower 
and moderate-income potential purchasers. The commenter expressed 
concern that this decrease in affordability would be contrary to the 
1974 Act and the priority of providing affordable housing. The 
commenter recommended that any standard in the proposed rule that 
lacked absent sufficient need and cost-benefit justification should be 
eliminated.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges these comments. HUD considered the 
cost impacts from changes that stem

[[Page 75717]]

from this proposed rule in the regulatory impact analysis, which was 
published with the proposed rule. Specifically, the analysis states, 
``based on the overall weighted average per-unit cost increase, the 
average sales price of $111,900 (Census of Manufactured Housing, August 
2021), and the annual average production of 105,400, the decrease in 
homes purchased annually ranges from 77 to 130.'' HUD sufficiently 
considered the purchase price impact and weighed it against the alleged 
benefits of the proposed change, as required by statute, when it 
drafted the proposed rule.
    With respect to the rule issued by the United States Department of 
Energy, the standards are not under the purview of HUD and are not 
related to this rule. The information available to HUD, either through 
the adopted energy standards rule or provided by the commenter, does 
not suggest the energy rule will interact with the requirements of this 
rule. As such, including a cost impact analysis pertaining to DOE's 
rulemaking would exceed the scope of this rule.

Lifecycle Cost Analyses

    One commenter recommended that lifecycle cost analyses justifying 
any quality rules should include in their sensitivity analysis, a 
scenario with a discount rate equal to an index average MHCSS home 
chattel loan rate. The commenter noted that chattel loan rates can 
exceed OMB's standard 3 percent and 7 percent real discount rates for 
cost-benefit analysis. The commenter explained that actual financing 
costs must be considered in the lifecycle cost analysis to guarantee 
real, all-in consumer savings are achieved.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges these comments. Although the 
discount rate can be chosen based on the mortgage rate, the appropriate 
value would need to be the real interest rate, i.e., the nominal rate 
minus inflation. OMB's preferred 3% and 7% real discount rates provide 
a range that includes the commenter's cited median nominal chattel loan 
rate of 7.8% minus inflation. Further, as discussed in the Consumer 
Financial Protection Bureau's May 2021 report, ``Manufactured Housing 
Finance: New Insights from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Data'', 
only 42 percent of manufactured housing loans in 2021 were chattel 
loans. Thus, using a discount rate based solely on chattel loan 
interest rates would be inappropriate.

Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood 
and Wood-Based Material (3280.4(l)(23))

    Two commenters recommended that HUD incorporate the 2016 version of 
ASTM D4442 by reference because of the unspecified minor, non-technical 
changes and three unspecified semi-technical changes that were made 
from the 2007 to the 2016 version of the ASTM D4442. The commenter 
stated that the changes in the 2016 version will not have an impact on 
the manufactured housing industry but did not provide basis for this 
statement.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges these comments. Incorporation of 
2016 version of ASTM D4442 was neither recommended by the MHCC nor 
presented in the proposed rule for public review and comment. The 
absence of these actions prevents HUD from considering the 
recommendation until the MHCC completes a consensus driven review and 
provides a recommendation to the Secretary. HUD requests that the 
commenters propose this code change to the MHCC and provide a copy of 
the version proposed for incorporation with the proposal. The public 
may submit proposed standards via the internet at 
mhcc.homeinnovation.com.

Standard Test Methods for Use and Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture 
Meters, 2013 (3280.4(l)(24))

    Several commenters recommended that HUD incorporate the ASTM 
D73438-08 or ASTM D7438-13 Standard Practice for Field Calibration and 
Application of Hand-Held Moisture Meters into HUD regulations in place 
of the ASTM D4444. The commenters stated that the change would enable 
greater accuracy in calibration and would better align with current 
industry practices.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges these comments and requests that the 
commenters propose a MHCSS change that would incorporate an alternate 
standard so that it can be reviewed by the MHCC as part of the 
consensus process. As discussed earlier, the Manufactured Housing 
Improvement Act of 2000 requires that the MHCC consider changes to the 
MHCSS, issue recommendations to the Secretary, and that the Secretary 
implement, modify, or reject the standards. Under sections 604(b)(3) 
and (4) of the Manufactured Housing Improvement Act of 2000, the 
Secretary must make the proposed regulations or interpretative 
bulletins available for public comment upon receipt of a recommendation 
and prior to enactment. In light of these requirements, HUD requests 
that copies of the exact version proposed for incorporation be included 
with the proposal. The public may submit proposed standards via the 
internet at mhcc.homeinnovation.com.

AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-17

    Several commenters questioned the decision to adopt the 2017 
version of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 at Sec.  3280.4(d)(6). The 
commenters noted that AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-08 and -11 are the 
most common standard certifications used today and there are no 
material differences between the 2011 and 2017 versions. They believed 
that AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-17 would make certification more 
difficult and would increase costs. They recommended that AAMA/WDMA/CSA 
101/I.S.2/A440-11 be adopted at 3280.4(d)(6) instead of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 
101/I.S.2/A440-17.
    HUD Response: HUD appreciates the comments and has revisited the 
original recommendations made by the MHCC to HUD. In March 2016 (Log 
140), the MHCC recommended that HUD adopt the 2011 version of AAMA/
WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 at Sec.  3280.4(s)(6). However, in December 
2017 (Log 201), the MHCC recommended HUD adopt the 2017 version, citing 
that the current reference standard was significantly outdated and 
should be referencing the latest edition. As mentioned by the public 
comments, there are no major differences between the 2011 and 2017 
versions. Updated standards typically address necessary edits or 
weaknesses found in previous versions, leading to improved building 
performance and compliance in areas of quality, safety, and durability. 
Adopting the more recent standard into the MHCSS will not make 
certification more difficult or significantly increase costs. Most 
windows produced for construction purposes today are likely to already 
be built to meet current industry standards because of enforcement of 
window certifications by jurisdictions across the United States. HUD 
has incorporated the 2017 version in this final rule, which is not the 
most recent version as of 2024, to ensure that manufactured homes are 
constructed using more modern, relevant, and effective technologies and 
materials.

Reference to APA PSI-2009

    One commenter recommended that HUD replace references to APA PSI-
2009 with the most current version, which is NIST Voluntary Product 
Standard PS 1-19. The commenter

[[Page 75718]]

further recommended that, in place of listing a year or version, that 
the rule contain references to ``the current version''.
    HUD Response: HUD cannot enact these suggested changes unless the 
MHCC first considers the commenter's suggestion in a consensus process 
and provides the Secretary with a recommendation. The Administrative 
Procedure Act also requires HUD to place the public on notice regarding 
standards upon which it may take future enforcement action and provide 
an opportunity for public review and comment. Considering these 
statutory limitations, HUD acknowledges these comments and requests 
that the commenters propose a code change to incorporate more recent 
versions to be reviewed by the MHCC. HUD requests that copies of the 
exact version proposed for incorporation be included with the proposal. 
The public may submit proposed standards via the internet at 
mhcc.homeinnovation.com. Please note that HUD is unable to broadly 
incorporate standards into Federal regulation without specificity.

Updates to Reference Standards Regarding Gas-Fired Appliances and 
Accessories

    One commenter recommended that HUD update the reference standards 
for appliances and components used in the construction of manufactured 
homes to the most current editions. The commenter stated that mandating 
that appliances and components comply with outdated standards would 
burden manufacturers by mandating and would limit homeowners' ability 
to have the most current products. The commenter recommended that HUD 
review the standards and update references to the most recent editions. 
Specifically, the commenter suggested incorporating following standards 
and codes for gas-fired appliances and accessories, including controls 
and tubing:

--CSA/ANSI LC 1-2019  CSA 6.26-2019 as the standard for Fuel 
Gas Piping Systems Using Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing in 
3280.705(b) in order to update ANSI/IAS LC 1-1997.
--CSA/ANSI Z21.1-2019  CSA 1.1-2019 as the standard for 
Household Cooking Gas Appliances in order to update ANSI Z21.1-2000.
--ANSI Z21.5.1-2017  CSA 7.12-2017 as the standard for the 
Gas Clothes Dryers Volume 1, Type 1 Clothes Dryers in order to 
update ANSI Z21.51.1-1999, Gas Clothes Dryers Volume 1, Type 1 
Clothes Dryers, with Addendum z21.5.1a-1999.
--CSA/ANSI Z21.10.1-2019  CSA 4.1-2019, Gas Water Heaters 
Volume 1, Storage Water Heaters with Input Ratings of 75,000 BTU per 
Hour or Less in order to update ANSI Z21.10.1-1998, Gas Water 
Heaters--Volume 1, Storage Water Heaters with Input Ratings of 
75,000 BTU per hour or Less, with Addendum Z21.10.1a-2000.
--CSA/ANSI Z21.10.3-2019  CSA 4.3-2019 Gas-fired Water 
Heaters Volume 3, Storage Water Heaters with Input Ratings Above 
75,000 BTU per Hour, Circulating and Instantaneous.
--ANSI Z21.15-2009(R2019)  CSA 9.1-2009(R2019), Manually 
Operated Gas Valves for Appliances, Appliance Connector Valves and 
Hose End Valves in order to update ANSI Z21.15-1997.
--CSA/ANSI Z21.19-2019  CSA 1.4-2019, Refrigerators Using 
Gas Fuel. The proposed rule would update ANSI Z21.19-1990, with 
Addendum ANSI Z21 19a-1992 and ANSI Z21 19b-1995.
--ANSI Z21.20-2014, Automatic Gas Ignitions Systems and Components 
in order to update ANSI Z21.20 with Addendum Z21.20a-2000.
--CSA/ANSI Z21.21-2019  CSA 6.5-2019, Automatic Valves for 
Gas Appliances in order to update ANZI Z21.21-2000.
--CSA/ANSI Z21.23-2022  CSA 6.6-2022 in order to update ANSI 
Z21.23-1993.
--CSA/ANSI Z21.24-2022  CSA 6.10-2022, Connectors for Gas 
Appliances in order to update ANSI Z21.24-1997/CGA 6.10-M97, 
Connectors for Gas Appliances, and remove the reference to the 
Compressed Gas Association.
--ANSI Z21.40.1-1996(R2022)  CSA 2.91-1996(R2022), Gas 
Fired, Heat Activated Air Conditioning and Heat Pump Appliances in 
order to correct the title of this standard from ANSI Z21.40.1-1996/
CGA 2.91-M96, Gas-Fired, Heat Activated Air Conditioning and Heat 
Pump Appliances, to remove the reference to the Compressed Gas 
Association.
--CSA/ANSI Z21.47-2021  CSA 2.3-2021-2012, Gas Fired Central 
Furnaces in order to update ANSI Z21.47-1990 with Addendum Z21.4a-
1990 and Z21.47b-1992, Gas-Fired Central Furnaces (Except Direct 
Vent System Central Furnaces).
--ANSI Z21.75-2016  CSA 6.27-2016, Connectors for Outdoor 
Gas Appliances and Manufactured Homes.
--NFPA 54/ANSI Z223.1-2021, National Fuel Gas Code in order to 
update NFPA 54-2002, National Fuel Gas Code.
--NFPA 58-2020, Standard for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied 
Petroleum Gases in order to update NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas 
Code, 2001 Edition.

    The commenter recommended that CSA Group, which it referred to as 
the accredited standards development organization for many of the 
standards, be included in the resources. The commenter also recommended 
that HUD include the following address where copies of the standards 
could be obtained: CSA Group/8501 East Pleasant Valley Road/
Independence, OH 44131/csagroup.org.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges these comments and requests that the 
commenters propose a code change to incorporate more recent versions to 
be reviewed by the MHCC, for the same reasons described previously 
addressing need for consensus review and public notification. HUD 
requests that copies of the exact version proposed for incorporation be 
included with the proposal. The public may submit proposed standards at 
mhcc.homeinnovation.com. HUD understands that many standards are 
accredited jointly by more than one rating agency, such as CSA Group, 
but this is commonly understood and the contact information for 
additional resources is readily available and accessible online. For 
purposes of organization of 3280.4 in the final rule, jointly issued 
ANSI/CSA standards are categorized under ANSI.

Updated Reference Standards Related to Plumbing

    Several commenters requested revisions to the plumbing standards. 
One commenter advised HUD to consider updates to certain standards 
incorporated by reference in Sec. Sec.  3280.4 and 3280.604. The 
commenter premised its recommendations on the importance of having 
plumbing product standards reflect technological advancements, product 
innovations, drinking water exposure to indirect additives in products 
and materials, and updates to testing methodologies. The comment 
included line edits to Sec. Sec.  3280.4(j), 3280.4(dd), 3280.604(b), 
and 3280.604(c) that it advised HUD to revise the rule to better align 
it with current building codes, product standards, and building 
practices.
    Another commenter requested removal of polybutylene pipe and 
fittings standards, which it stated had already been removed from model 
plumbing codes. The commenter noted that, to its knowledge, 
polybutylene pipe and fittings are not certified to ASTM standards and 
are not generally available for hot and cold-water distributions in the 
United States. The commenter proposed pages of line edits incorporating 
these recommendations into Sec. Sec.  3280.604(b)(2) and 3280.4(dd).
    The commenter also recommended changes to reflect current titles 
and editions of NSF, ASTM, and CISPI standards and current legal name 
of NSF International. It requested removal of the NSF/ANSI 24 Plumbing 
System Components for Recreation Vehicles given that it had been 
revised to remove manufactured homes and was thus no longer applicable.
    Another commenter recommended line edits to Sec. Sec.  3280.4(g), 
3280.4(k), 3280.4(v), 3280.604(c), and 3280.604. Specifically, the 
commenter recommended that HUD remove from

[[Page 75719]]

the rule the following standards: ASSE/ANSI-1986, ASSE 1007-1986, ASSE 
1025, IAPMO PS 2-89, IAPMO PS 4-90, IAPMO PS 5-84, IAPMO PS 9-84, IAPMO 
PS 14-89, and IAPMO PS 31-91. The commenter also recommended that HUD 
use the following updated standards: IAPMO Z124.5-2013e1 (R2018) 
instead of ANSI Z124.5-1997; and IAPMO Z124.7-2013 (R2018) instead of 
ANSI Z124.7-1997. The commenter also recommended that HUD use ASSE 
1001-2021; ASME A112.1002-2020/ASSE 1002-2020/CSA B125.12-2020; ASSE 
1008-2020; ASSE 1011-2017; ASSE 1014-2020; ASME A112.1016-2017/ASSE 
1016-2017/CSA B125.16-17; ASSE 1017-2009 (R2014); ANSI/ASSE 1019-2011 
(R2016); ASSE 1023-2020; ASSE 1051-2021; IAPMO PS 23-21; IAPMO TS 03 
(R2022); and IAPMO TS 22-97e1 (R2020). In addition to the safety 
considerations and desire for most up-to-date testing methodologies and 
products noted by many of the commenters, this commenter explained that 
use of the most current versions of the standards would allow for 
incorporation of the results of efforts by the International 
Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials to harmonize product 
standards used for plumbing products in the US and Canada.
    Another commenter specifically referenced parts 3280, 3282, 3285, 
and 3286, noting that they contained references to outdated standards. 
The commenter also noted that there were a number of missing newer 
standards from ASSE, ASTM and others for modern products, pipes, and 
fittings, specifically for new PEX fittings and modern piping materials 
like PERT and Polypropylene. The commenter attached a list of current 
standards with active versions years to which it directed HUD's 
attention.
    HUD Response: HUD appreciates these comments and requests that the 
commenters submit these code changes to be reviewed by the MHCC, for 
the same reasons described previously. For reference standard version 
changes, HUD requests that copies of the exact version proposed for 
incorporation be included with the proposal. The public may submit 
proposed standards via the internet at mhcc.homeinnovation.com.

Updated NFPA Reference Standards

    A commenter proposed the following additional updated reference 
standards related to NFPA. It noted the importance of updated standards 
to ensure that the requirements accommodate advancements in technology 
and practices and the most-up-to-date safety knowledge. Accordingly, it 
recommended that HUD incorporate by reference the most recent version 
of various NFPA standards. Specifically, the commenter recommended 
incorporation by reference of the following NFPA standards:
     The 2022 edition of NFPA 13D in Sec.  3280.214(b). 
Specifically, the commenter recommended use of table 7.5.6.3 instead of 
7.5.5.3 in (e)(2), the use of tables 10.4.9.2(b) through (h) and table 
10.4.9.2(c) in (o)(3)(i) and table 10.4.9.2(b) in (o)(3)(ii). The 
commenter believed that these changes would allow HUD to incorporate 
the most up-to-date standards related to freeze protection, sprinkler 
positioning, sprinklers in vacant structures, and use of well pumps as 
a water supply.
     The 2020 edition of NFPA 31 in Sec. Sec.  3280.703(d) and 
3280.707(f). It noted that changes from the 2011 to the 2020 version 
include listing criteria and fuel types for fuel burning appliances, 
acceptable piping and fitting materials, and updates to reference 
standards.
     The 2021 edition of the NFPA 54 in Sec.  3280.703(d). It 
noted that changes between the two versions include pipe grounding and 
bonding, pipe fittings, venting requirements for chimneys, and 
appliance listing criteria.
     The 2023 edition of the NFPA 70 National Electrical Code 
which includes updates related to exterior emergency power disconnects 
for fire responders, network-connected life safety equipment, wireless 
power transfers of electric vehicles, and Class 4 fault-managed power. 
Relatedly, it noted that Sec.  3280.807(c) refers users to Article 
410.4 but should refer to Article 410.10(D).
     The 2020 edition of NFPA 58 in Sec.  3280.703(d). It noted 
that the more recent version includes changes related to snow load 
maps, fire extinguisher requirements, fire resistance ratings, 
noncombustible materials, and other changes.
     The 2021 edition of NFPA 90B in Sec.  3280.703(d) in order 
to incorporate updated reference standards and editorial changes.
     The 2021 edition of the NFPA 253 Standard on Types of 
Building Construction in Sec.  3280.202 to stay consistent with the 
most current terminology for the definition of ``limited combustible'' 
and ``noncombustible''.
     The 2023 edition of NFPA 253 in Sec.  3280.207(c). The 
commenter recommended the change to create uniformity with other fire 
test standards and provide more up-to-date referenced standards.
     The most current versions of ASTM E84 and UL 273. The 
commenter noted that the proposed rule references the 1995 version of 
the NFPA 255 on Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning 
Characteristics of Building Materials in Sec. Sec.  3280.203(a) and 
3280.207(a). It explained that the standard was withdrawn in 2009 and 
recommended removing the reference and using the most current versions 
of ASTM E84 and UL 273 instead.
     The 2022 edition of NFPA 72 in lieu of NFPA 720 in Sec.  
3280.211(b). The commenter noted that NFPA 720 was withdrawn in 2018 
and its requirements were incorporated into the 2019 edition of NFPA 
72.
    HUD Response: HUD appreciates these comments and requests that the 
commenters submit these code changes to be reviewed by the MHCC, for 
the same reasons described previously. For reference standard version 
changes, HUD requests that copies of the exact version proposed for 
incorporation be included with the proposal. The public may submit 
proposed standards via the internet at mhcc.homeinnovation.com.

Use of Most Up-to-Date ASCE Reference Standards

    One commenter made specific recommendations regarding use of the 
most current ASCE standards. Specifically, the commenter recommended 
that HUD incorporate the proposed rule's reference the 2022 edition of 
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Older Structures (ASCE/SEI 7-
22). The comment explained that the standard provides the most up-to-
date and coordinating loading provisions for general structural design, 
prescribes design loads for many types of hazards, and coordinates with 
other current structural material standards. In particular, the ASCE/
SEI 7-22 standard updates wind, snow, seismic, rain, ice, and flood 
hazards to reflect the current state of practice and understanding of 
environmental hazards. The commenter further explained that the ASCE/
SEI 7-22 standard refines wind loads to make use of the current 
knowledge of wind hazards and recent changes in wind speeds and also 
make use of new understandings of snowfall and wind effects on drift. 
The commenter concluded by stating that requiring new manufactured 
housing to comply with the state of practice, as defined by the latest 
standards of practice, will facilitate equitable, sustainable, and 
resilient infrastructure, will result in an improved standard of living 
and lower life-cycle costs and reinforce the Administration's goals and 
better

[[Page 75720]]

protect public health, safety, welfare, and environmental resilience.
    HUD Response: HUD appreciates these comments and requests that the 
commenter submit proposed code changes to be reviewed by the MHCC, for 
the same reasons described previously. For reference standard version 
changes, HUD requests that copies of the specific version proposed for 
incorporation be included with the proposal. The public may submit 
proposed standards via the internet at mhcc.homeinnovation.com.

Updating to FEMA P-85

    One commenter recommended that HUD incorporate FEMA P-85 as a 
reference standard and generally advised that HUD use the current 
versions of each standard.
    HUD Response: HUD appreciates this comment and requests that the 
commenter submit this proposed code change to be reviewed by the MHCC 
with a specific version, referenced by date and year, that is to be 
considered for incorporation. As described in this preamble, the HUD 
has a statutory responsibility to place the public on notice regarding 
standards upon which it may take future enforcement action. 
Additionally, the specific standard incorporated into the MHCSS must 
first be reviewed and recommended to HUD by the MHCSS. Standards cannot 
be broadly incorporated into regulations to reference a ``current 
version'' and must be defined by name and date. HUD requests that 
copies of the specific version proposed for incorporation be included 
with the proposal. The public may submit proposed standards via the 
internet at mhcc.homeinnovation.com.

Testing of Energy Efficiency Compliance for Gas-Fired Water Heaters in 
Sec.  3280.707(d)(2)

    A commenter recommended that HUD incorporate applicable regulatory 
requirements established by the Department of Energy, rather than ANSI 
Standard Z21.10.1, in relation to the testing of energy efficiency 
compliance for gas-fired water heaters. The commenter explained that 
the relevant requirements had been removed from the ANSI Z21.10.1 
standard.
    HUD Response: HUD appreciates this comment and requests that the 
commenter submit this proposed code change to be reviewed by the MHCC, 
for the same reasons described previously. The public may submit 
proposed standards via the internet at mhcc.homeinnovation.com. While 
the MHCC considers the recommendation mentioned above for gas-fired 
water heaters, HUD wishes to remind manufacturers that they must comply 
with all applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, including 
the Federal energy efficiency requirements for covered products and 
equipment such as residential water heaters, central air conditioners, 
and central heat pumps, even if they are not otherwise stated in the 
rule or impose obligations distinct from or additional to any 
obligations imposed by this rule.

Requirements for Windows, Sliding Glass Doors, and Skylights

    One commenter recommended that HUD add the following language to 
Sec.  3280.403, requirements for windows, sliding glass doors, and 
skylights. ``All such windows and doors must show evidence of 
certification by affixing a quality certification label to the product 
from a product certification body accredited to ISO/IEC 17065 by an 
accreditation body that is internationally recognized to ISO/IEC17011 
and are signatories to international mutual recognition arrangements 
such as the Asia Pacific Accreditation Cooperation (APAC).'' Another 
commenter recommended that HUD use updated ANSI Z97.1 (R2020).
    HUD Response: HUD appreciates this comment and requests that the 
commenter submit this proposed code change to be reviewed by the MHCC, 
for the same reasons described previously. The public may submit 
proposed standards via the internet at mhcc.homeinnovation.com.

Laboratory Testing Requirements

    One commenter recommended that HUD require testing laboratories to 
be accredited to ISO/IEC 17025 by an accreditation body that is 
internationally recognized to ISO/IEC 17011 and are signatories to 
international mutual recognition arrangements like the Asia Pacific 
Accreditation Cooperation.
    HUD Response: HUD appreciates this comment and requests that the 
commenter submit this proposed code change to be reviewed by the MHCC, 
for the same reasons described previously addressing need for consensus 
review and public notification. The public may submit proposed 
standards via the internet at mhcc.homeinnovation.com.

Standard for Vinyl Siding and Polypropylene Siding Used in Manufactured 
Homes

    One commenter requested clarification regarding how to proceed when 
the vinyl siding manufacturer's installation instructions and the Vinyl 
Siding Institute Installation Manual (VSIIM) contradict one another. 
Specifically, the commenter requested clarity on which set of 
instructions should take priority.
    HUD Response: HUD does not reference the VSIIM. The final rule 
states under Sec.  3280.309(c): ``Vinyl siding and soffit installation 
must be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation 
instructions. Vinyl siding and soffit installation must be based on 
ASTM D4756.'' It is the manufacturer's responsibility to ensure that 
its installation instructions are in accordance with ASTM D4756.

Reference to ASTM D4756 in Sec.  3280.309(c)

    One commenter expressed concerns about the reference to ASTM D4756 
in the section on installation of vinyl siding and soffit installation 
in Sec.  3280.309(c). The commenter recommended removal of the sentence 
which referenced ASTM D4756. The commenter explained that D4756 is an 
outdated standard that will be balloted for withdrawal as an ASTM 
standard under ASTM D20/D20.24. Furthermore, the commenter believed 
that manufacturer installation instructions and specifications should 
provide sufficient guidance. The commenter expressed concern about 
regulatory obligations to follow both manufacturer installation 
instructions and ASTM D4756, given that the two could differ. Another 
commenter stated that ASTM D4756-06 references ASTM E2112-07, and an 
88-page standard for flashing installation. The commenter requested 
clarification on the standards that should be followed when there are 
contradictions between ASTM D4756-06 and ASTM E2112-07.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges this comment and suggests that the 
commenter submit this proposed code change to be reviewed by the MHCC, 
for the same reasons described previously. The public may submit 
proposed standards via the internet at mhcc.homeinnovation.com. The 
MHCSS does not reference ASTM E2112-07. Although ASTM D4756 has been 
withdrawn, the standard is still available for public access and use 
and is included in the final rule until it can be revised by future 
rulemaking after consideration and recommendation by the MHCC.

Omission of Sec.  3280.504(b)

    One commenter noted that Sec.  3280.504(b) references Sec.  
3280.504(b)(1) but that the proposed rule does not contain Sec.  
3280.504(b)(1). It suggests that following language be added: ``Sec.  
3280.504(b)(1) Exterior walls must have a vapor retarder with a 
permeance

[[Page 75721]]

no greater than 1 perm (dry cup method) installed on the living space 
side of the wall; OR''.
    HUD Response: The language offered by the commenter can be found in 
the proposed rule at 3280.504(b)(1). The language states: ``(1) 
Exterior walls shall have a vapor barrier no greater than 1 perm (dry 
cup method) installed on the living space side of the wall, or.'' The 
final rule maintains the language found in the proposed rule without 
change.

Floor Area Requirements

    Some commenters recommended that HUD re-evaluate the 150 square 
footage requirements in light of the allowance of three dwellings 
within a single manufactured home. The commenters noted that the 2015 
IRC had reduced the size requirement for a habitable room to 70 square 
feet. Some commenters noted that the 150 number had not been based on 
scientific analysis or on identified safety hazards. The commenters 
recommended the following language in Sec.  3280.109: ``Each dwelling 
unit of a manufactured home shall have at least one living area with 
not less than 70 square feet of gross floor area''.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges this comment and suggests that the 
commenter submit this proposed code change to be reviewed by the MHCC, 
for the same reasons described previously addressing need for consensus 
review and public notification. The public may submit proposed 
standards via the internet at mhcc.homeinnovation.com.

Clarity on the Meaning of ``Exposed'' (Sec.  3280.203(c)(1)(ii))

    One commenter recommended the following language to clarify what 
surfaces are not considered ``exposed'': ``Exposed bottoms and sides of 
kitchen cabinets as required by Sec.  3280.204; vertical surfaces above 
the horizontal plane formed by the bottom of the range hood are not 
considered exposed.''.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges this comment but is of the opinion 
that the existing language which states, ``Exposed bottoms and sides of 
kitchen cabinets as required by Sec.  3280.204 except that non-
horizontal surfaces above the horizontal plane formed by the bottom of 
the range hood are not considered exposed,'' is sufficiently clear. 
HUD's view is that ``non-horizontal surfaces'' is a more inclusive 
terminology than the alternate language proposed in the comment and 
more clearly describes which surfaces do not need to be considered as 
exposed. In the final rule, Sec.  3280.203(c)(1)(ii) reads as follows: 
``Exposed bottoms and sides of kitchen cabinets as required by Sec.  
3280.204 except that non-horizontal surfaces above the horizontal plane 
formed by the bottom of the range hood are not considered exposed.''

Moisture Content of Treated Lumber Used for Porch Designs

    One commenter recommended that Sec.  3280.304(a) add following 
language regarding porch designs with treated lumber extending into the 
main roof cavity: ``Dimension and board lumber must not exceed 19 
percent moisture content at time of installation. Treated lumber used 
for exterior purposes only and does not extend into the main home 
construction may have a moisture content exceeding 19 percent.''.
    HUD Response: HUD accepts this comment and has added the language 
as suggested to provide additional clarity that the moisture content 
for treated lumber applies to porches and exterior applications only.

Requirements for Fireplace and Wood Stoves

    One commenter expressed concern about HUD's proposed revision to 
allow any fireplace or wood stove to be installed regardless of the 
testing and certification requirements specified by the Standard for 
Vented Gas Fireplace Heaters, CSA/ANSI Z21.88-2109 * CSA 2.33-2019. The 
commenter worried that using an appliance not tested and certified for 
manufactured homes might violate the listing and certification of the 
product.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges this comment but reassures the 
commenter that if an installed product violates its listing and 
certification when installed in a manufactured home, then it would not 
be permissible under Sec.  3280.709(a).

Drain Pan Requirements

    Some commenters recommended that the Sec.  3280.709(h) requirement 
for drain pan should be revised to facilitate the use of tankless water 
heaters. They recommended the following language in Sec.  3280.709 to 
better align with the IRC P2801.6: ``A corrosion-resistant water drip 
collection and drain pan must be installed under each storage tank-type 
water heater or a hot water storage tank that will allow water leaking 
from the water heater to drain to the exterior of the manufactured 
home, or to a drain.''
    HUD Response: HUD accepts this comment and has added the language 
as suggested to support clarity for the allowed use of tankless water 
heaters included in this final rule.

Clarity on Appliance Installation Instruction Requirements

    Some commenters expressed support for HUD's attempt to reduce 
redundant appliance manuals but suggested that there might be need for 
further clarity in the language used in the proposed rule. They 
suggested the following language: ``Operating instructions must be 
provided for each appliance. The operating instructions for each 
appliance must be provided with the homeowner's manual unless the 
appliance is affixed with a permanent Quick Response (QR) Code.''
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges this comment, but the suggested 
language is not in line with the change implemented in the final rule. 
HUD requires one copy of the operating instructions for each 
application to be provided with the homeowners' manual. A second copy 
shall be provided with the appliance only if the appliance does not 
have a QR code. The final rule text has been slightly adjusted to 
clarify HUD's requirement.

Appliance Manufacturer Instructions

    One commenter expressed concern that revision of Sec.  3280.709(a) 
to remove a requirement that manufacturers leave appliance manufacturer 
instructions attached to appliances would conflict with the safety 
standards and fuel gas installation code requirements.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges this comment but this change 
implemented in the final rule does not conflict with the safety 
standards and fuel gas installation code requirements. HUD still 
requires one copy of the operating instructions for each application to 
be provided with the homeowners' manual and a second copy shall be 
provided with the appliance only if the appliance does not have a QR 
code. In response to this comment, HUD has slightly revised the text 
under Sec.  3280.711 to clarify this.

Reference to Loose-Fill Insulation

    A commenter expressed concern about the portion of the proposed 
rule referencing ``[a] horizontal distance of not less than the depth 
of the wall cavity, where the call [sic] cavity is filled with 
cellulose loose-fill or other loose-fill insulation.'' The commenter 
recommended that the language be changed to read, ``where the wall 
cavity is filled with loose-fill insulation'' to reduce the possibility 
that the rule would be understood to relate to cellulose insulation 
only. The commenter noted that the insulation market contains many 
loose-fill insulation types apart from cellulose and the change would 
reduce confusion.

[[Page 75722]]

    HUD Response: HUD accepts this comment and has revised the language 
as suggested to provide additional clarity. The amended language can be 
found at Sec.  3280.215(d)(2)(i)(B).

Windows and Doors Protections

    One commenter recommended adding an exception to Sec.  3280.403 
that provisions for protection of openings of manufactured homes be 
required in construction for homes installed in wind-borne debris 
regions (reference definition in the IRC). The commenter stated that 
provision of protection can be defined by the IBC.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges this comment and suggests that the 
commenter submit this proposed code change to be reviewed by the MHCC, 
for the same reasons described previously addressing need for consensus 
review and public notification. The public may submit proposed 
standards via the internet at mhcc.homeinnovation.com.

Implementation Period

    Several commenters requested a minimum one-year implementation 
period because of the quantity of changes that the proposed rule would 
create to relevant regulatory requirements. They noted that the 
proposed rule included 69 updates to reference standards, 16 new 
standards, and three regulatory text changes. Other commenters 
specifically requested that HUD provide both an effective date, i.e., 
when the rule will be effective, and a mandatory effective date, i.e., 
when compliance would become mandatory; the commenters suggested a 90-
day period between the two dates to permit product inventory and 
materials to be used to meet the standards. Two commenters noted the 
challenges associated with the reference standards in Sec.  3280.4, 
which would require manufacturers to analyze and apply the numerous 
standards and codes to a wide range of components. These commenters 
also noted that compliance will necessitate consultation with 
production suppliers, DAPIAs, and IPIAs.
    One commenter noted that a longer implementation period was 
necessary because of the burdens associated with the May 2022 Final 
Rule to Establish Energy Conservation Standards for Manufactured 
Housing requiring manufactured homes to comply with the 2021 
International Energy Conservation Code by May 2023. Another commenter 
pointed out that the United States Department of Energy (DOE) had 
released a Final Rule requiring compliance with 10 CFR part 460 Energy 
Conservation Standards for Manufactured Homes (May 31, 2022, 87 FR 
32728; May 30, 2023, 88 FR 34411), which had allowed for a one-year 
implementation period, suggesting that HUD use this lengthy 
implementation period as a model.
    Another commenter noted that the U.S. Department of Energy 
published a proposed rule entitled Energy Conservation Standards for 
Consumer Furnaces, (July 7, 2022, 87 FR 40590), which proposed a five-
year implementation period for changes that the commenter suggested 
were much less significant. Commenters also referenced, in support of 
their request for a longer implementation period, previous extensions 
on implementation of HUD rules.
    HUD Response: HUD understands these comments and has provided a 
six-month delayed effective date to allow manufacturers to implement 
the regulations effectively. This effective date will allow for 
smoother implementation and improved alignment between regulatory 
requirements and stakeholders' capabilities. HUD did not provide the 
full year implementation because many of the changes in this final rule 
support construction practices already in place by manufacturers, and 
will eliminate the need for alternative construction letters, improving 
efficiencies, and costs. HUD is not implementing bifurcated deadlines 
because such deadlines would likely create confusion among 
manufacturers regarding the effective dates, much to the detriment of 
consumers and manufacturers alike.

Cost Considerations

    One commenter recommended that HUD accommodate the entry level of 
the market even as it permits new, high-end construction methods. The 
commenter urged that when HUD assesses the costs and benefits of 
minimum quality and safety standards that raise the legal quality floor 
of MHCSS construction, that HUD consider that the housing alternatives 
for the marginal consumer priced out of an entry-level MHCSS home that 
are not built to the updated codes. The commenter stated that increased 
up-front purchase prices that produce later savings to ultimately 
reduce the total cost of ownership is an appropriate consideration. The 
commenter recommended that lifecycle cost analyses justifying those 
changes should include, in their sensitivity analysis, a scenario with 
a discount rate equal to an index average MHCSS home chattel loan rate. 
Chattel loan rates, according to the commenter, can exceed OMB's 
standard 3 percent and 7 percent real discount rates for cost-benefit 
analysis. Consumers must finance higher up-front costs that deliver 
future benefits with the current financing options. Actual financing 
costs must be considered in the lifecycle cost analysis to guarantee 
real, all-in consumer savings are achieved.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges these comments. Manufactured housing 
plays a vital role in meeting the housing needs in the U.S. today and 
provides a significant resource for affordable homeownership and rental 
housing accessible to all Americans. HUD recognizes the need to protect 
the affordability of manufactured homes to facilitate the availability 
of housing particularly for economically constrained consumers and 
recognizes the need for improved financing options supporting 
manufactured housing. While these issues extend beyond the scope of 
this regulation, several offices within the Federal Government in 
addition to the Department are actively working to address financing 
issues for manufactured housing, such as the Federal Housing Finance 
Agency and U.S. Department of Agriculture's Rural Development agency.

Other Issues

    Issue 1: One commenter recommended that HUD mandate floating homes 
and require that homes be made of `indestructible' material such as 
stone or an ice chest. This comment was submitted alongside a 
screenshot of text describing ``Surface Roughness D'' and a graphic 
unrelated to the proposed rule.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges this comment and as previously 
discussed in these responses, encourages members of the public to 
submit proposals and suggestions to the MHCC for consideration at 
mhcc.homeinnovation.com.
    Issue 2: One commenter recommended that regular updates be made to 
the MHCSS at least every 10 years. Another commenter echoed this 
concern and advised HUD to adopt a regular cadence of updating 
regulations so that the MHCSS can keep pace with evolving technologies 
and best practices.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges this comment and fully agrees with 
the need for regular code updates to keep pace with evolving 
technologies and best practices. In recent years, HUD has made 
significant progress in updating its regulations, but continues to face 
hurdles that slow down the cadence of updates. For example, the 
regulatory process mandating consensus committee review and 
recommendation is a vital component to ensure that

[[Page 75723]]

HUD's manufactured housing standards and regulations consider and align 
the interests of manufactured housing consumers, industry stakeholders, 
and the government, particularly in respect to affordability, home 
quality, and consumer protection. This statutory process, however, adds 
in a layer of complexity and duration that most other Federal 
rulemaking is not subjected to.
    Issue 3: Without specifying any particular aspects of the proposed 
rule, two commenters expressed general concerns that the rule would 
undermine the affordability of MHCSS homes. One commenter explained 
that he viewed the requirements as so strict as to exceed the 
requirements for IRC homes and site-built homes in the same location.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges but disagrees with this comment. 
Furthermore, as previously described, HUD is not updating the reference 
standard for wind load design in this final rule that may have been a 
cause of concern for some members of the public.
    Issue 4: One commenter laid out several general standards that it 
believed should guide HUD's rulemaking in this area. First, the 
commenter stated that Federal modular standards ought to align with 
State modular codes in order to mitigate conflict and allow for 
increased product availability. Second, the commenter recommended that 
HUD permit alternative building methods and materials without third-
party testing, so long as the engineer signed off, in order to 
encourage innovation. Third, the commenter advised that structural 
requirements are preferable to specification of building materials and 
structures, such as steel I-beams or chassis requirements. The former 
reduce costs and unnecessary design elements, while still advancing 
building design and integrity, according to the commenter. Fourth, the 
commenter believed that quality control measures at assembly line 
factories were sufficient and that unnecessary factory inspections 
should be reduced. And, fifth, the commenter believed that the MHCSS 
should be made the national standard and it should cover every building 
type and situation covered in the regular building code.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges this comment and as previously 
discussed in these responses, encourages members of the public to 
submit proposals and suggestions to the MHCC for consideration at 
mhcc.homeinnovation.com.
    Issue 5: One commenter recommended that HUD incorporate ``universal 
design and Visitability.'' The Commenter also recommended that HUD 
provide safety standards for homes built on partial foundations.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges this comment and supports the 
concept of accessible and inclusive housing for all individuals. As 
previously discussed in these responses, HUD encourages members of the 
public to submit proposals and suggestions to the MHCC for 
consideration at mhcc.homeinnovation.com.
    Issue 6: One commenter flagged what it believed to be a 
typographical error in Sec.  3280.607 in which ``with sides and back 
extending'' repeated twice. The commenter recommended deleting the 
second set of words to remedy the duplicative language.
    HUD Response: HUD did not find this duplicative language in the 
proposed rule and has verified that this also does not exist in the 
final rule.
    Issue 7: One commenter asked HUD what she could do to make her home 
more fire resistant. She said that she had been told her manufactured 
home wasn't as safe as a site-built home and that she was having 
difficulty getting homeowners insurance as a result.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges this comment and while it is not 
related to the final rule, would like to respond that the National Fire 
Protection Association (NFPA) provides a Manufactured Home Fire Safety 
Guide that offers tips and recommendations for homeowners to reduce 
fire risks in their homes. This guide covers topics such as smoke 
alarms, cooking safety, heating safety, electrical safety, and escape 
planning. In addition, homeowners may have additional resources 
available to make their homes more fire-resistant including programs 
offered by local fire departments or State and local government 
programs that can help manufactured homeowners make improvements and 
upgrades for fire safety. Some programs may provide financial 
assistance, grants, or low-interest loans to support the installation 
of fire-resistant materials, such as fire-rated siding, roofing, and 
windows, that may assist in qualifying for some insurance programs. HUD 
encourages the commenter to start by contacting their local government 
to inquire about available resources for fire safety improvements.
    Issue 8: One commenter recommended that HUD take several measures 
to improve the effectiveness of the rule outside of changing the 
drafting of the rule. Specifically, it recommended that HUD experts in 
manufactured housing participate in the development of HUD's 
Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH) rulemaking to ensure that 
the AFFH standards support increased access to manufactured homes. It 
advised that such experts be vigilant for exclusionary zoning and 
building practices targeting manufactured homes. It also recommended 
that HUD's intergovernmental relations staff should coordinate with 
HUD's manufactured housing staff to promote state-level reforms 
allowing easy conversion of MHCSS homes from personal chattel property 
into real property and to inform Congress of the barriers to the 
success of manufactured housing that require legislative efforts. 
Finally, it recommended that HUD updated grant scoring and 
prioritization to reward jurisdictions that permit multifamily housing 
of all construction efforts.
    HUD Response: HUD acknowledges these comments and while these 
comments do not directly impact HUD's final rule, appreciates the 
public's interest in HUD's programs. HUD is actively working to 
increase cross-collaboration within the Department to improve knowledge 
sharing and leverage shared resources.

IV. Incorporation by Reference

A. Introduction

    The incorporated reference standards are approved by the Director 
of the Federal Register for incorporation by reference in accordance 
with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. These standards are available 
for inspection at HUD's Office of Manufactured Housing Programs. Copies 
of the incorporated reference standards may also be obtained from the 
following organizations that developed the standard:

AISC--American Institute of Steel Construction, One East Wacker 
Drive, Chicago, IL 60601, (312) 670-5403, www.aisc.org.
AISI--American Iron and Steel Institute, 25 Massachusetts Ave. NW, 
Suite 800, Washington, DC 20001, (202) 452-7100, www.steel.org.
ANSI--American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 
New York, NY 10036, (212) 642-4900, fax (212) 398-0023, 
www.ansi.org.
APA--The Engineered Wood Association (formerly the American Plywood 
Association), 7011 South 19th Street, Tacoma, WA 98411, (253) 565-
6600, fax (253) 565-7265, www.apawood.org.
ASHRAE--American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air 
Conditioning Engineers, 180 Technology Parkway NW, Peachtree 
Corners, Atlanta, GA 30092, (404) 636-8400, fax (404) 321-5478, 
www.ashrae.org.
ASME--American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 22 Law Drive, P.O. 
Box 2900,

[[Page 75724]]

Fairfield, NJ 07007, 1-800 843-2763, fax: 973882-8113, www.asme.org.
ASTM--ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, 
PA 19428, (610) 832-9500, fax (610) 832-9555, www.astm.org.
AWC--American Wood Council (formerly American Forest & Paper 
Association), 1101 K Street NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20005, 
(202) 463-2766, www.awc.org.
FGIA--Fenestration and Glazing Industry Alliance (formerly known as 
American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA)), 1900 East 
Golf Road, Schaumburg, Illinois 60173, (847) 303-5664, 
www.fgiaonline.org.
CSA Group--CSA Group (formerly known as the Canadian Standards 
Association (CSA)), 178 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, ON, M9W 1R3, 
Canada; (216) 524-4990; www.csagroup.org.
HPVA--Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association, 1825 Michael Faraday 
Drive, P.O. Box 2789, Reston, VA 22090, (703) 435-2900, fax (703) 
435-2537, www.hpva.org.
IAPMO--International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical 
Officials, 20001 Walnut Drive South, Walnut, CA 91789, (909) 595-
8449, fax (909) 594-1537, www.iapmo.org.
ICC-ES--International Code Council Evaluation Service, 3060 Saturn 
Street, Suite 100, Brea, CA 92821, (800) 423-6587, fax (562) 695-
4694, www.icc-es.org.
ISO_The International Organization for Standardization, Chemin de 
Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland, 41-22-749-
0111, www.iso.org.
NFPA--National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, 
Quincy, MA 02269, (617) 770-3000, fax (617) 770-0700, www.nfpa.org.
SAE--Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, 
Warrendale, PA 15096, (724) 776-0790, www.sae.org.
TPI--Truss Plate Institute, 583 D'Onofrio Drive, Suite 200, Madison, 
WI 53719, (608) 833-5900, fax (608) 833-4360, www.tpinst.org.
JUL--Underwriters Laboratories, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 
60062, (847) 272-8800, fax (847) 509-6257, www.ul.com.
WDMA--Window and Door Manufacturers Association (formerly the 
National Wood Window and Door Association), 1400 East Touhy Avenue, 
Des Plaines, IL 60018, (847) 299-5200, fax (847) 299-1286, 
www.wdma.com.

    Any standard that appears in Sec. Sec.  3280.304, 3280.604, or 
3280.703, but that is not included in the list of new or updated 
consensus standards, was previously approved for incorporation by 
reference into that section. In addition, the following standards were 
previously approved for incorporation by reference in the sections 
where they appear in this final rule: ASSE 106, ASSE 1070, SEI/ASCE 8, 
UL, 181B, UL 217.

B. List of New Consensus Standards

    This final rule incorporates by reference 16 new consensus 
standards for Manufactured Housing, which are listed below:
    1. ANSI Z21.10.3-2014/CSA 4.3-2014. Gas-fired water heaters, volume 
III, storage water heaters with input ratings above 75,000 Btu per 
hour, circulating and instantaneous. The rule adds this new standard 
for incorporation by reference. This new standard specifies guidelines 
for newly produced, large automatic storage water heaters having input 
ratings above 75,000 Btu/hr (21 980 W), instantaneous water heaters, 
and circulating water heaters including booster water heaters, 
constructed entirely of new, unused parts and materials. This standard 
is available online for review via read-only, electronic access at 
https://ibr.ansi.org/Standards.
    2. ANSI Z21.75-2007/CSA 6.27-2007 (reaffirmed 2012). Connectors for 
Outdoor Gas Appliances And Manufactured Homes. This rule adds a 
standard for incorporation by reference that specifies guidelines for 
newly produced assembled connectors constructed entirely of new, unused 
parts and materials. This standard is available online for review via 
read-only, electronic access at https://ibr.ansi.org/Standards.
    3. APA Y510-1997. Plywood Design Specification. The rule adds this 
standard for incorporation by reference. The standard is a 
specification that presents section properties, recommended design 
stresses, and design methods for plywood when used in building 
construction and related structures. This standard is available online 
for review via read-only, electronic access at https://ibr.ansi.org/Standards.
    4. ASTM D3679-09a. Standard Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl 
Chloride) (PVC) Siding. This rule adds this standard for incorporation 
by reference. This specification establishes requirements and test 
methods for the materials, dimensions, warp, shrinkage, impact 
strength, expansion, appearance, and wind load resistance of extruded 
single-wall siding manufactured from rigid (unplasticized) PVC 
compound. This standard is available online for review via read-only, 
electronic access at https://www.ASTM.org/READINGLIBRARY.
    5. ASTM D4756-06. Standard Practice for Installation of Rigid 
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Siding and Soffit. This rule adds this 
standard for incorporation by reference. This standard covers the 
minimum requirements for and the methods of installation of rigid vinyl 
siding, soffits, and accessories on the exterior wall and soffit areas 
of buildings. This standard also covers aspects of installation 
relating to effectiveness and durability in service. This standard is 
available online for review via read-only, electronic access at https://www.ASTM.org/READINGLIBRARY.
    6. ASTM D7254-07. Standard Specification for Polypropylene (PP) 
Siding. The rule adds this standard for incorporation by reference. 
This new specification establishes requirements and test methods for 
materials, impact strength, appearance, surface flame spread, and wind 
load resistance of siding products manufactured from polypropylene 
material. This standard is available online for review via read-only, 
electronic access at https://www.ASTM.org/READINGLIBRARY.
    7. ASTM E90-09. Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of 
Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements. 
This rule adds this standard for incorporation by reference. This test 
method covers the laboratory measurement of airborne sound transmission 
loss of building partitions such as walls of all kinds, operable 
partitions, floor-ceiling assemblies, doors, windows, roofs, panels, 
and other space-dividing elements. This standard is available online 
for review via read-only, electronic access at https://www.ASTM.org/READINGLIBRARY.
    8. ASTM E492-09. Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of 
Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the 
Tapping Machine. This rule adds this standard for incorporation by 
reference. This test method covers the laboratory measurement of impact 
sound transmission of floor-ceiling assemblies using a standardized 
tapping machine. This standard is available online for review via read-
only, electronic access at https://www.ASTM.org/READINGLIBRARY.
    9. ASTM E814-13. Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration 
Firestop Systems. This rule adds this standard for incorporation by 
reference. This standard is used to measure and describe the response 
of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under 
controlled conditions. This standard contemplates fire testing that 
evaluates a firestop under fire conditions to determine if it will gain 
firestop status. It addresses areas of building construction where 
firestop systems are necessary to contain fire from spreading from one 
area to another around penetrating items. This standard

[[Page 75725]]

is available online for review via read-only, electronic access at 
https://www.ASTM.org/READINGLIBRARY.
    10. ISO/IEC 170065:2012(E). Conformity Assessment--Requirements for 
bodies certifying products, processes, and services. The rule adds this 
standard for incorporation by reference. This International Standard 
contains requirements for the competence, consistent operation and 
impartiality of product, process and service certification bodies. This 
standard is available online for review via read-only, electronic 
access at https://ibr.ansi.org/Standards.
    11. NFPA 13D. Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in 
One-and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes. The rule adds this 
standard for incorporation by reference. This standard covers the 
design, installation, and maintenance of automatic sprinkler systems 
for protection against the fire hazards in one- and two-family 
dwellings and manufactured homes. This standard is available online for 
review via read-only, electronic access at https://ibr.ansi.org/Standards.
    12. TT-P-1536A. Plumbing Fixture Setting Compound. The rule adds 
this standard for incorporation by reference. This standard covers 
materials that combine watertight, gastight, odor proof, and vermin 
proof properties for plumbing fixtures which are connected to drainage 
systems. This standard is available online for review via read-only, 
electronic access at http://www.everyspec.com. The Federal 
Specification may also be obtained from the General Services 
Administration, which serves as Superintended of Documents.
    13. UL 263. Standard for Safety Fire Tests of Building Construction 
and Materials. The rule adds this standard for incorporation by 
reference. These fire tests are applicable to assemblies of masonry 
units and composite assemblies of structural materials for buildings, 
including bearing and other walls and partitions, columns, girders, 
beams, slabs, and composite slab and beam assemblies for floors and 
roofs. They are also applicable to other assemblies and structural 
units that constitute permanent integral parts of a finishing building. 
This standard is available online for review via read-only, electronic 
access at https://ibr.ansi.org/Standards.
    14. UL 499. Standard for Safety Electric Heating Appliances. The 
rule adds this standard for incorporation by reference. These 
requirements cover heating appliances rated at 600 V or less for use in 
unclassified locations in accordance with the National Electrical Code 
(NEC), NFPA 70-2014. This standard is available online for review via 
read-only, electronic access at https://ibr.ansi.org/Standards.
    15. UL 1479. Standard for Fire Tests of Penetration Firestops. This 
rule adds this standard for incorporation by reference. This standard 
provides testing requirements of penetration firestops of various 
materials and construction that are intended for use in openings in 
fire resistive wall, floor, or floor-ceiling assemblies, and membrane 
type penetration firestops of various materials and construction that 
are intended for use in openings in fire resistive wall assemblies. 
This standard is available online for review via read-only, electronic 
access at https://ibr.ansi.org/Standards.
    16. UL 60335-2-40-2012. Standard for Safety: Household and Similar 
Electrical Appliances--Part 2-40: Particular Requirements for 
Electrical Heat Pumps, Air-Conditioners and Dehumidifiers. The rule 
adds this standard for incorporation by reference. This standard deals 
with the safety of sealed (hermetic and semi-hermetic type) motor-
compressors, their protection and control systems, if any, which are 
intended for use in equipment for household and similar purposes and 
which conform with the standards applicable to such equipment. This 
standard is available online for review via read-only, electronic 
access at https://ibr.ansi.org/Standards.

C. List of Updated Consensus Standards

    This final rule incorporates by reference updates to 74 consensus 
standards for manufactured housing:
    1. AAMA 1701.2-12. Voluntary Standard for Utilization in 
Manufactured Housing for Primary Windows and Sliding Glass Doors. The 
rule updates AAMA 1701.2 to the 2012 version. This updated standard 
sets the requirements for primary windows and sliding glass doors used 
in manufactured housing. Window mounted as components in entry doors 
are beyond the scope of this standard. Since building methods and 
materials are expected to undergo continued design innovation, the 
purpose of this standard is to establish reasonable performance 
standards for all present and future methods and materials of 
construction.
    2. AAMA 1702.2-12. Voluntary Standard for Utilization in 
Manufactured Housing for Swinging Exterior Passage Doors. The rule 
updates AAMA 1702.2, Voluntary Standard Swinging Exterior Passage Door 
for Utilization in Manufactured Housing. This updated standard sets 
requirements for swinging exterior passage doors and combination doors 
used in manufactured housing. Windows used in swinging exterior passage 
doors are components of the door and are thus included in this 
standard. Since building methods and materials are expected to undergo 
continued design innovation, the purpose of this standard is to 
establish reasonable performance standards for all present and future 
methods and materials of construction.
    3. AAMA 1704-12. Voluntary Standard Egress Window Systems for 
Utilization in Manufactured Housing. The rule updates the AAMA Standard 
1704, which sets the requirements for the design, construction, and 
installation of egress window systems.
    4. AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-17. North American Fenestration 
Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights. The rule 
updates AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440. The updated standard establishes 
material-neutral, minimum, and optional performance requirements for 
windows, doors, secondary storm products, tubular daylighting devices, 
roof windows, and unit skylights. The specification concerns itself 
with the determination of performance grade, design pressure, and 
related performance ratings.
    5. AISC 360-10. Specification for Structural Steel Buildings. The 
rule updates AISC-S335, 1989. This updated specification provides the 
generally applicable requirements for the design and construction of 
structural steel buildings and other structures.
    6. AISI S100-12. North American Specification for the Design of 
Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members. The rule updates AISI, 
Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, 
1996. This updated specification provides the general applicable 
requirements for the design of cold-formed steel structural members 
used in North America.
    7. ANSI/AHRI Standard 210/240-2008 with Addenda 1 and 2. 2008 
Standard for Performance Rating of Unitary Air-Conditioning and Air-
Source Heat Pump Equipment. The rule updates ANSI/ARI 210/240, Unitary 
Air-Conditioning and Air Source Heat Pump Equipment. This updated 
standard establishes definitions, classifications, test requirements, 
rating requirements, minimum data requirements for published ratings, 
operating requirements, marking and nameplate data, and conformance 
conditions for Unitary Air-Conditioners and Air-Source Unitary Heat 
Pumps.

[[Page 75726]]

    8. ANSI A135.4-2012. Basic Hardboard. The rule updates ANSI/AHA 
A135.4-1995. This updated standard covers requirements and test methods 
for water resistance, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture, tensile 
strength, surface finish, dimensions, squareness, edge straightness, 
and moisture content of five classes of basic hardboard. This standard 
requires test methods determined by the ASTM, International where 
appropriate and provides methods of identifying hardboard that is 
compliant.
    9. ANSI/A135.5-2012. Prefinished Hardboard Paneling. The rule 
updates ANSI/AHA A135.5-1995. This updated standard covers requirements 
and methods of testing for the dimensions, squareness, edge 
straightness, and moisture content of prefinished hardboard paneling 
and for the finish of the paneling. Methods of identifying products 
which conform to ANSI A135.5 are included in the standard.
    10. ANSI A135.6-2012. Engineered Wood Siding. The rule updates 
ANSI/AHA A135.6-1998. The updated standard sets requirements and 
methods of testing for the dimensions, straightness, squareness, 
physical properties, and surface characteristics of engineered wood 
siding at the time of manufacture.
    11. ANSI A208.1-2009. Particleboard. The rule updates ANSI A208.1-
1999. The updated standard sets forth requirements and test methods for 
dimensional tolerances, physical and mechanical properties, and 
formaldehyde emissions for particleboard. Methods of identifying 
products conforming to the standard are specified.
    12. ANSI LC 1-2014/CSA 6.26-2014. Fuel gas piping systems using 
corrugated stainless steel tubing. The rule updates ANSI/IAS LC 1-1997. 
This updated standard provides the applicable requirements for the 
installation of natural and propane gas piping systems using corrugated 
stainless steel tubing in residential, commercial, or industrial 
buildings. This includes requirements for the installation of 
corrugated stainless steel piping systems in which portions of the 
piping are exposed to the outdoors as required to make connections to 
outdoor gas meters or to outdoor gas appliances, which are attached to, 
mounted on, or located near the building structure.
    13. ANSI Z21.1-2016/CSA 1.1-2016. Household cooking gas appliances. 
The rule updates ANSI Z21.1-2000. This updated standard specifies 
guidelines for the newly produced household cooking gas appliances 
constructed entirely of new, unused parts and materials. These 
appliances may be floor-supported or built-in.
    14. ANSI Z21.5.1-2015/CSA 7.1-2015. Gas clothes dryers, volume I, 
type 1 clothes dryer. The rule updates ANSI Z21.51.1-1999. The updated 
standard specifies guidelines for newly produced Type 1 clothes dryers 
constructed entirely of new, unused parts and materials for use with 
natural gas, manufactured gas, mixed gas, propane gas, LP gas-air 
mixtures, and for mobile home installation.
    15. ANSI Z21.10.1-2014/CSA 4.1-2014. Gas water heaters, volume I, 
storage water heaters with input ratings of 75,000 Btu per hour or 
less. The rule updates ANSI Z21.10.1-1998. This updated standard 
specifies guidelines for newly produced, automatic storage water 
heaters having input ratings of 75,000 Btu/hr (21 980 W) or less, 
hereinafter referred to as water heaters or appliances, constructed 
entirely of new, unused parts and materials.
    16. ANSI Z21.15-2009 (reaffirmed 2019)/CSA 9.1-2009 (reaffirmed 
2019). American National Standard/CSA Standard for Manually Operated 
Gas Valves for Appliances, Appliance Connector Vales, and Hose End 
Valves. The rule updates ANSI Z21.15-1997. This updated standard 
applies to manually operated gas valves not exceeding 4 inch (102 mm) 
pipe size, and pilot shut-off devices.
    17. ANSI Z21.19-2014/CSA 1.4-2014. Refrigerators using gas fuel. 
The rule updates ANSI Z21.19-1990. This updated standard specifies 
guidelines for gas-fired refrigerators having refrigerated spaces for 
storage of foods, storage of foods and making ice, storage of frozen 
foods and making ice, or storage of foods and the storage of frozen 
foods and making ice. The standard applies to newly produced 
refrigerators constructed entirely of new, unused parts and materials.
    18. ANSI Z21.20-2014 (reaffirmed 2019)/CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 60730-2-5-
14 (reaffirmed 2019). Automatic electrical controls for household and 
similar use--Part 2-5: Particular requirements for automatic electrical 
burner control systems. This rule updates ANSI Z21.20. This updated 
standard specifies guidelines for newly produced automatic gas ignition 
systems and components constructed entirely of new, unused parts and 
materials.
    19. ANSI Z21.21-2012/CSA 6.5-2012. Automatic valves for gas 
appliances. This rule updates ANZI Z21.21-2000. This updated standard 
specifies guidelines for newly produced automatic valves constructed 
entirely of new, unused parts and materials. These valves may be 
individual automatic valves or valves utilized as parts of automatic 
gas ignition systems. The standard also applies to commercial/
industrial safety shutoff valves, also referred to as C/I valves.
    20. ANSI Z21.23-2000. Gas Appliance Thermostats with ANSI Z21.23a-
2003 and ANSI Z21.23b-2005 Addendums. This rule updates ANSI Z21.23-
1993, which specifies guidelines for newly produced gas appliance 
thermostats of the integral gas valve type having a maximum operating 
gas pressure of \1/2\ psi (3.5 kPa) or electric type:
    a. ANSI Z21.23-2000, Gas Appliance Thermostats, Tenth Edition;
    b. ANSI Z21.23a-2003, Addenda to the Tenth Edition of Gas Appliance 
Thermostats; and
    c. ANSI Z21.23b-2005, Addenda to the Tenth Edition of ANSI Z21.23-
2000 and Addenda Z21.23a-2003: Gas Appliance Thermostats.
    21. ANSI Z21.24-2006/CSA 6.10-2006 (reaffirmed 2011). Connectors 
for Gas Appliances. The rule updates ANSI Z21.24-1997/CGA 6.10-M97 and 
removes the reference to the Canadian Gas Association. This updated 
standard specifies guidelines for newly produced gas appliance 
connectors constructed entirely of new unused parts and materials, 
having nominal internal diameters of \1/4\, \3/8\, \1/2\, \5/8\, \3/4\ 
and 1 inch, and having fittings at both ends provided with taper pipe 
threads for connection to a gas appliance and to house piping. 
Guidelines cover assembled appliance connectors not exceeding a nominal 
length of six (6) feet (1.83 meters). Connectors listed under this 
standard are intended for use with gas appliances not frequently moved 
after installation.
    22. ANSI Z21.47-2012/CSA 2.3-2012. Standard for Gas-fired central 
furnaces. The rule updates ANSI Z21.47. The updated standard contains 
new and revised requirements for documentation and testing and sets 
forth basic standards for the safe operation, substantial and durable 
construction, and acceptable performance of gas-fired central furnaces.
    23. ANSI Z97.1-2009e. American National Standard for safety glazing 
materials used in buildings--safety performance specifications and 
methods of test. The rule updates ANSI Z97.1-2004. This standard 
establishes the specifications and methods of test for the safety 
properties of safety glazing materials (glazing materials designed to 
promote safety and to reduce or minimize the likelihood of cutting and 
piercing injuries when the glazing materials are broken by human 
contact) as used for all building and architectural

[[Page 75727]]

purposes. The updated standard adds modifications and new material that 
add clarity of purpose, intent and procedures. Specifically, sections 
have been rewritten and new sections added to provide additional 
assurance that the intended safe-break characteristics have been 
achieved before a test specimen may be declared compliant. This 
reference standard impacts the HUD Code to define safety glazing 
materials used in glass and glazed openings such as windows and sliding 
glass doors, and hazardous locations requiring safety glazing.
    24. APA D510C. Panel Design Specification. The rule replaces APA 
D410A-2004, Panel Design Specification, with this standard. This 
standard specifies guidelines for newly produced assembled connectors 
constructed entirely of new, unused parts and materials.
    25. APA E30V. Engineered Wood Construction Guide. The rule updates 
APA E30R, Engineered Wood Construction Guide, revised January 2001. 
This standard specifies guidelines for the use of engineered wood for 
residential and commercial construction. It contains information on APA 
performance rated panels, glulam, I-joists, structural composite 
lumber, specification practices, floor, wall and roof systems, 
diaphragms and shear walls, fire-rated systems, and methods of 
finishing.
    26. APA H815G. Plywood Design Specification Supplement 5-12, Design 
and Fabrication of All-Plywood Beams. The rule updates APA H815E-1995 
to APA H815G. This standard presents recommended methods for the design 
and fabrication of staple-glued all-plywood beams. Allowable stresses 
and other design criteria are provided, as well as guidelines for beam 
fabrication.
    27. APA S811P. Plywood Design Specification Supplement 1-12, Design 
and Fabrication of Plywood Curved Panels. The rule updates APA S811M-
1990. This specification presents the recommended method for the design 
and fabrication of curved plywood roof panels spanning between load-
bearing supports so that the stresses developed act circumferentially 
around the curve.
    28. APA S812S. Plywood Design Specification Supplement 2-12, Design 
and Fabrication of Glued Plywood Lumber Beams. The rule updates APA 
S812R-1992. This updated specification presents the recommended method 
for the design and fabrication of glued plywood and lumber beams.
    29. APA U813M. Plywood Design and Specification Supplement 3-12, 
Design and Fabrication of Plywood-Stressed Skin Panels. The rule 
updates APA U813L-1992. The updated specification presents the 
recommended method for the design and fabrication of glued plywood 
stressed-skin panels.
    30. APA U814J. Plywood Design Specification Supplement 4-12, Design 
and Fabrication of Plywood Sandwich Panels. The rule updates APA U 
814H. This updated specification presents the recommended method for 
the design and fabrication of flat plywood sandwich panels.
    31. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013. Ventilation and Acceptable 
Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings. The rule updates 
ANSI/ASHRAE 62.2. This updated standard describes the minimum 
requirements to achieve acceptable indoor air quality via dwelling-unit 
ventilation, local demand-controlled exhaust, and source control.
    32. ANSI/ASME B1.20.1-2013. Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch). 
The rule updates ASME B1.20.1. This standard establishes specifications 
for wrought copper and wrought copper alloy, solder-joint, seamless 
fittings, designed for use with seamless copper tube conforming to ASTM 
B88 (water and general plumbing systems), B280 (air conditioning and 
refrigeration service), and B819 (medical gas systems), as well as 
fittings intended to be assembled with soldering materials conforming 
to ASTM B32, brazing materials conforming to AWS A5.8, or with tapered 
pipe thread conforming to ASME B1.20.1. This standard is aligned with 
ASME B16.18, which covers cast copper alloy pressure fittings, and 
provides requirements for fitting ends suitable for soldering. This 
standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, abbreviations for end 
connections, size and method of designating openings of fittings, 
marking, material, dimensions and tolerances, and tests.
    33. ANSI/ASME B36.10-2004. Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. 
The rule updates ASME B36.10. This standard covers the standardization 
of dimensions of welded and seamless wrought steel pipe for high or low 
temperatures and pressures. The word pipe is used, as distinguished 
from tube, to apply to tubular products of dimensions commonly used for 
pipeline and piping systems. Pipe NPS 12 (DN 300) and smaller have 
outside diameters numerically larger than their corresponding sizes. In 
contrast, the outside diameters of tubes are numerically identical to 
the size number for all sizes.
    34. ASTM A53/A53M-12. Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, 
Black, and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Weldless and Seamless. The rule 
updates ASTM A53. This specification covers seamless and welded black 
and hot-dipped galvanized steel pipe in NPS \1/8\ to NPS 26. The steel 
categorized in this standard must be open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or 
electric-furnace processed, and must have specified chemical 
requirements. Testing requirements for seamless or welded tubing are 
provided in this standard.
    35. ASTM B42-10. Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe, 
Standard Sizes. The rule updates ASTM B42. This specification 
establishes the requirements for seamless copper pipe in all nominal 
standard pipe sizes, both regular and extra-strong, suitable for use in 
plumbing, boiler feed lines, and for similar purposes.
    36. ASTM B88-14. Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water 
Tube. The rule updates ASTM B88. The specification covers seamless 
copper water tube suitable for general plumbing, applications for the 
conveyance of fluids, and use with solder, flared, or compression-type 
fittings.
    37. ASTM B251-10. Standard Specification for General Requirements 
for Wrought Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy Tube. The rule updates 
ASTM B251. This updated specification sets forth the general 
requirements for wrought seamless copper and copper-alloy tube.
    38. ASTM B280-13. Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube 
for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Field Service. The rule updates 
ASTM B280. This specification sets forth the requirements for seamless 
copper tube intended for use in the connection, repairs, or alterations 
of air conditioning or refrigeration units in the field.
    39. ASTM C1396/C1396M-14a. Standard Specification for Gypsum Board. 
The rule updates ASTM C 36/C 36M. This specification covers gypsum 
boards which include the following: gypsum wallboard for use on walls, 
ceilings, or partitions and that affords a surface suitable to receive 
decoration; predecorated gypsum board for use as the finished surfacing 
for walls, ceilings, or partitions; gypsum backing board, coreboard, 
and shaftliner board for use as a base in multilayer systems or as a 
gypsum stud or core in semisolid or solid gypsum board partitions, or 
in shaft wall assemblies; water-resistant gypsum backing board to be 
used as a base for the application of ceramic or plastic tile on walls 
or ceilings; exterior gypsum soffit board for exterior soffits and 
carport ceilings that are completely protected from contact with liquid 
water; gypsum sheathing board for use as sheathing on buildings; gypsum 
base for veneer plaster; gypsum lath for use

[[Page 75728]]

as a base for gypsum plaster application; and gypsum ceiling board for 
interior ceilings and walls.
    40. ASTM D4442-07. Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture 
Content Measurement of Wood and Wood Base Materials. The rule updates 
ASTM D4442. The test methods cover the determination of the moisture 
content of wood, veneer, and other wood-based materials, including 
those that contain adhesives and chemical additives.
    41. ASTM D4444-13. Standard Test Method for Laboratory 
Standardization and Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture Meters. The rule 
updates ASTM D4444. These test methods cover the measurement of 
moisture content of solid wood products, including those containing 
additives (that is, chemicals or adhesives) for laboratory 
standardization and calibration of hand-held moisture meters.
    42. ASTM E96/E96M-13. Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor 
Transmission of Materials. The rule updates ASTM E96. The test methods 
cover the determination of water vapor transmission rate of materials, 
such as, but not limited to, paper, plastic films, other sheet 
materials, coatings, foams, fiberboards, gypsum and plaster products, 
wood products, and plastics.
    43. ASTM E119-14. Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Building 
Construction and Materials. The rule updates ASTM E119. This standard 
contemplates fire test response criteria which is essential for fire 
safety. Testing per this standard establishes the duration for which a 
specific material or installation can contain a fire. This information 
helps to show insurance carriers, contractors, and other parties what 
might reasonably be expected in the event of a fire emergency.
    44. AWC 2012-Design Values for Joists and Rafters. Design Values 
for Joists and Rafters. The rule updates AFPA, Design Values for Joists 
and Rafters 1992. This standard provides design values such as bending, 
compression, and modulus of elasticity for joists and rafters, and 
tabulates allowable bending (Fb) and modulus of elasticity (E) design 
values for visually graded and mechanically graded dimension lumber.
    45. AWC NDS-2015. NDS: National Design Specification for Wood 
Construction. The rule updates ANSI/AFPA NDS. This specification 
defines the methods to be followed in structural design with the 
following wood products: visually graded lumber, mechanically graded 
lumber, structural glued laminated timber, timber piles, timber poles, 
prefabricated wood I-joists, structural composite lumber, wood 
structural panels, and cross-laminated timber. It also defines the 
practice to be followed in the design and fabrication of single and 
multiple fastener connections using the fasteners described within it.
    a. National Design Specification for Wood Construction, Design 
Values for Wood Construction; and
    b. NDS Supplement.
    46. AWC 2012 Span Tables for Joists and Rafters. Span Tables for 
Joists & Rafters. The rule updates AFPA, Span Tables for Joists and 
Rafters. This standard provides a simplified system for determining 
allowable joist and rafter spans for typical loads encountered in one- 
and two-family dwellings and is referenced in the 2012 International 
Building Code.
    47. ANSI/HPVA HP-1-2009. American National Standard for Hardwood 
and Decorative Plywood. The rule updates ANSI/HPVA HP-1. This standard 
sets forth the specific requirements for all face, back, and inner ply 
grades as well as formaldehyde emissions, moisture content, tolerances, 
sanding, and grade marking for hardwood and decorative plywood.
    48. IAPMO TS 9-2003. Standard for Gas Supply Connectors for 
Manufactured Homes. The rule updates IAPMO TS 9. This standard applies 
to connectors for outdoor use consisting of flexible tubing depending 
on all-metal construction for gas tightness and having a fitting at 
each end provided with tapered pipe threads for connecting manufactured 
home gas piping to a manufactured home lot gas outlet or a crossover in 
multiple unit manufactured homes.
    49. ESR 1539. ICC-ES Evaluation Report: Power Driven Staples and 
Nails. The rule updates NER-272, National Evaluation Report. This 
document contains design values and allowable load tables for 
individual nails and staples as well as for nailed or stapled shear 
walls that may not be listed in the Uniform Building Code.
    50. NPFA 31. Standard for Installation of Oil Burning Equipment. 
The rule updates NFPA 31. This standard sets forth the requirements for 
the safe, efficient design and installation of heating appliances that 
use a liquid fuel, typically No. 2 heating oil, but also lighter fuels, 
such as kerosene and diesel fuel, and heavier fuels, such as No. 4 fuel 
oil.
    51. NFPA 54/ANSI Z223.1. National Fuel Gas Code. The rule updates 
NFPA 54. This standard provides minimum safety requirements for the 
design and installation of fuel gas piping systems in homes and other 
buildings.
    52. NFPA 58. Liquified Petroleum Gas Code. The rule updates NFPA 
58. This standard sets forth the requirements for safe liquified 
petroleum gas storage, handling, transportation, and use. This standard 
mitigates risks and ensures safe installations, to prevent failures, 
leaks, and tampering that could lead to fires and explosions.
    53. NPFA 70. National Electric Code. This rule updates NFPA 70. 
This standard sets forth the requirements for safe electrical design, 
installation, and inspection to protect people and property from 
electrical hazards. The purpose of this Code is the practical 
safeguarding of persons and property from hazards arising from the use 
of electricity.
    54. NFPA 90B. Standard for the Installation of Warm Air Heating and 
Air-Conditioning Systems. The rule updates NFPA 90B. This standard sets 
forth the requirements that cover the construction, installation, 
operation, and maintenance of systems for warm air heating and air 
conditioning, including filters, ducts, and related equipment to 
protect life and property from fire, smoke, and gases resulting from 
fire or from conditions having manifestations similar to fire.
    55. NIST PS-1-09. Voluntary Product Standard: Structural Plywood 
(with Typical APA Trademarks). This rule adds this standard for 
incorporation by reference. The standard specifies guidelines for 
producing, marketing, and specifying plywood for construction and 
industrial uses. This standard is available online for review via read-
only, electronic access at https://www.nist.gov/document/docps1-09structuralplywoodpdf.
    56. SAE J533 (REV SEP2007. (R) Flares for Tubing. The rule updates 
SAE J533. This standard covers specifications and performance 
requirements for 37[deg] and 45[deg] single and double flares for tube 
ends intended for use with SAE J512, SAE J513, SAE J514, and ISO 8434-2 
connectors.
    57. TPI 1-2007. National Design Standard for Metal Plate Connected 
Wood Truss Construction and 2007 Commentary and Appendices. This 
standard establishes minimum requirements for the design and 
construction of metal-plate-connected wood Trusses. This standard 
describes the materials used in a Truss, both lumber and steel, and 
design procedures for Truss members and joints:
    a. ANSI/TPI 1-2007, National Design Standard for Metal Plate 
Connected Wood Truss Construction; and
    b. TPI 1-2007 Commentary and Appendices.

[[Page 75729]]

    58. UL 103. Standard for Safety Factory-Built for Residential Type 
and Building Heating Appliances. The rule updates UL 103. This standard 
sets forth the requirements for factory-built chimneys intended for 
venting gas, liquid, and solid-fuel fired residential-type appliances 
and building heating appliances in which the maximum continuous flue-
gas outlet temperatures do not exceed 1,000 [deg]F (538 [deg]C).
    59. UL 109. Tube Fittings for Flammable and Combustible Fluids, 
Refrigeration Service, and Marine Use. The rule updates UL 109. This 
standard sets forth the requirements that apply to the performance in 
flame-exposure tests of flame-resistant fabrics of natural, synthetic 
or combination of natural and synthetic fibers, or plastic films 
intended for such use as tents, awnings, draperies or decorations.
    60. UL 174. Standard for Safety Household Electric Storage Tank 
Water Heaters. The rule updates UL 174. This standard sets forth the 
requirements for household electric storage tank and small capacity 
storage tank water heaters that are rated no more than 600 volts and 12 
kilowatts and are to be installed in accordance with the NFPA 70 and 
with model plumbing and mechanical codes.
    61. UL 181. Standard for Safety Factory Made Air Ducts and 
Connectors. The rule updates UL 181. This standard sets forth the 
requirements that apply to materials for the fabrication of air duct 
and air connector systems for use in accordance with the International 
Mechanical Code, International Residential Code, and Uniform Mechanical 
Code, Standards of the National Fire Protection Association for the 
Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems, NFPA 90A, and 
the Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Systems, NFPA 
90B.
    62. UL 181A. Standard for Safety Closure Systems for Use with Rigid 
Air Ducts. The rule updates UL 181A. This standard sets forth the 
requirements that cover closure systems for use with factory-made rigid 
air ducts or air connectors complying with the Standard for Factory-
Made Air Ducts and Air Connectors, UL 181.
    63. UL 268. Smoke Detectors for Fire Protective Signaling Systems. 
This rule updates UL 268. This standard sets forth requirements that 
cover smoke detectors intended to be employed in indoor locations in 
accordance with the National Fire Alarm Code, NFPA 72.
    64. UL 307A. Liquid Fuel-Burning Heating Appliances for 
Manufactured Homes and Recreational Vehicles. The rule updates UL 307A. 
This standard sets forth requirements that apply to certain types of 
liquid fuel-burning appliances intended for installation in 
manufactured homes and recreational vehicles, including travel 
trailers, camping trailers, truck campers, motor homes, and park 
trailers.
    65. UL 307B. Gas-Burning Appliances for Manufactured Homes and 
Recreational Vehicles. The rule updates UL 307B. This standard sets 
forth the requirements that apply to the certain gas fuel-burning 
heating appliances.
    66. UL 441. Gas Vents. The rule updates UL 441. This standard sets 
forth the requirements that cover Types B and BW gas vents and Types B 
and BW gas vent roof jacks intended for venting gas appliances equipped 
with draft hoods to burn only gas.
    67. UL 569. Standard for Safety Pigtails and Flexible Hose 
Connectors for LP-Gas. The rule updates UL 569. This standard sets 
forth the requirements that cover pigtails and flexible hose connectors 
used in the assembly of fuel-supply systems and intended for liquefied 
petroleum gas.
    68. UL 1042. Standard for Safety Electric Baseboard Heating 
Equipment. The rule updates UL 1042. This standard sets forth the 
requirements for portable and fixed electric baseboard heating 
equipment rated at 600 volts or less, to be employed in ordinary 
locations in accordance with NFPA 70.
    69. UL 2034. Standard for Safety Single and Multiple Station Carbon 
Monoxide Alarms. This rule updates UL 2034. This standard sets forth 
the requirements for electrically operated single and multiple station 
carbon monoxide alarms intended for protection in ordinary indoor 
locations of dwelling units, including manufactured homes.
    70. WMDA I.S.4-2009. Industry Specification for Preservative 
Treatment for Millwork. The rule updates NWWDA I.S.4. This 
specification provides a nationally recognized standard for the water-
repellent preservative treatment for millwork and serves as a basis of 
common understanding for producers, preservative formulators, 
distributors and users. The standard is also intended to promote fair 
competition within the industry and to aid purchasers and users in 
obtaining properly treated millwork.

D. Summary of New and Updated Standards

    The following is a list of the standards incorporated by reference 
that is being revised by this final rule. Each reference standard is 
preceded by an indicator to identify the type of change being made. A 
new reference standard being added is indicated by the designation 
``N'' and a reference standard being updated is indicated by the 
designation ``U.'' Reference standards designated ``*'' are not new or 
being updated, but have already been codified into the MHCSS and are 
being added to a different section of the regulations than the 
currently codified regulations. The sections of the MHCSS being amended 
by each modification are also shown on the right of each reference 
standard being added or updated.

                                           Summary Table of New and Updated IBR Standards Under Sec.   3280.4
                                                                [4th/5th Set Final Rule]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Publishing                                                                    Impacted
            Number                N/U        Standard        organization          Title             Year                3280.4             sections
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.............................  U        AAMA 1701.2.....  American          Voluntary         2012............  (u)(3)...............  3280.403(b) and
                                                            Architectural     Standard for                                               (e),
                                                            Manufacturers     Utilization in                                             3280.404(b) and
                                                            Association.      Manufactured                                               (e).
                                                                              Housing for
                                                                              Primary Window
                                                                              and Sliding
                                                                              Glass Doors.
2.............................  U        AAMA 1702.2.....  American          Voluntary         2012............  (u)(4)...............  3280.403(e),
                                                            Architectural     Standard for                                               3280.405(b) and
                                                            Manufacturers     Utilization in                                             (e).
                                                            Association.      Manufactured
                                                                              Housing for
                                                                              Swinging
                                                                              Exterior
                                                                              Passage Doors.

[[Page 75730]]

 
3.............................  U        AAMA 1704.......  American          Voluntary         2012............  (u)(5)...............  3280.404(b) and
                                                            Architectural     Standard Egress                                            (e).
                                                            Manufacturers     Window Systems
                                                            Association.      for Utilization
                                                                              in Manufactured
                                                                              Housing.
4.............................  U        AAMA/WDMA/CSA     American          North American    2017............  (r)(1)...............  3280.304(b)(1),
                                          101/I.S.2/A440.   Architectural     Fenestration                                               3280.403(b) and
                                                            Manufacturers     Standard/                                                  (e),
                                                            Association/      Specification                                              3280.404(b) and
                                                            Window and Door   for Windows,                                               (e),
                                                            Manufacturers     Doors, and                                                 3280.405(b) and
                                                            Association.      Skylights.                                                 (e).
5.............................  U        AISC 360........  American          Specifications    2010............  (f)(1)...............  3280.304(b)(2),
                                                            Institute of      for Structural                                             3280.305(j)(1).
                                                            Steel             Steel Buildings.
                                                            Construction.
6.............................  U        AISI S100.......  American Iron     North American    2012............  (g)(1)...............  3280.304(b)(2),
                                                            and Steel         Specification                                              3280.305(j)(1).
                                                            Institute.        for the Design
                                                                              of Cold-Formed
                                                                              Steel
                                                                              Structural
                                                                              Members.
7.............................  U        ANSI/AHRI 210/    American          Unitary Air-      2008............  (b)(1)...............  3280.511(b),
                                          240 with          National          Conditioning                                               3280.703(d)(22)
                                          Addenda 1 and 2.  Standards         and Air-Source                                             , 3280.714(a).
                                                            Institute/Air     Heat Pump
                                                            Conditioning,     Equipment.
                                                            Heating, &
                                                            Refrigeration
                                                            Institute.
8.............................  U        ANSI A135.4.....  American          Basic Hardboard.  2012............  (q)(1)...............  3280.304(b)(3).
                                                            National
                                                            Standards
                                                            Institute.
9.............................  U        ANSI A135.5.....  American          Prefinished       2012............  (q)(2)...............  3280.304(b)(3).
                                                            National          Hardboard
                                                            Standards         Paneling.
                                                            Institute.
10............................  U        ANSI A135.6.....  American          Hardboard Siding  2012............  (q)(3)...............  3280.304(b)(3).
                                                            National
                                                            Standards
                                                            Institute.
11............................  U        ANSI A208.1.....  American          Particleboard...  2009............  (q)(4)...............  3280.304(b)(3).
                                                            National
                                                            Standards
                                                            Institute.
12............................  U        ANSI LC 1.......  American          Fuel Gas Piping   2014............  (r)(2)...............  3280.705(b)(5).
                                                            National          Systems Using
                                                            Standards         Corrugated
                                                            Institute.        Stainless Steel
                                                                              Tubing.
13............................  U        ANSI Z21.1......  American          Household         2016............  (r)(3)...............  3280.703(a)(13).
                                                            National          Cooking Gas
                                                            Standards         Appliances.
                                                            Institute.
14............................  U        ANSI Z21.5.1....  American          Gas Clothes       2015............  (r)(4)...............  3280.703(a)(7).
                                                            National          Dryers Volume
                                                            Standards         1, Type 1
                                                            Institute.        Clothes Dryers.
15............................  U        ANSI Z21.10.1...  American          Gas Water         2014............  (r)(5)...............  3280.703(a)(15),
                                                            National          Heaters Volume                                             3280.707(d)(2).
                                                            Standards         1, Storage
                                                            Institute.        Water Heaters
                                                                              with Input
                                                                              Ratings of
                                                                              75,000 BTU per
                                                                              hour or less.
16............................  N        ANSI Z21.10.3...  American          Gas-fired Water   2014............  (r)(6)...............  3280.703(a)(8).
                                                            National          Heaters Volume
                                                            Standards         3, Storage
                                                            Institute.        Water Heaters
                                                                              with Input
                                                                              Ratings Above
                                                                              75,000 BTU per
                                                                              Hour,
                                                                              Circulating and
                                                                              Instantaneous.
17............................  U        ANSI Z21.15.....  American          Manually          2009............  (r)(7)...............  3280.703(c)(4),
                                                            National          Operated Gas                                               3280.705(c) and
                                                            Standards         Valves for                                                 (l).
                                                            Institute.        Appliances,
                                                                              Appliance
                                                                              Connector
                                                                              Valves and Hose
                                                                              End Valves.
18............................  U        ANSI Z21.19.....  American          Refrigerators     2014............  (r)(8)...............  3280.703(a)(14).
                                                            National          Using Gas Fuel.
                                                            Standards
                                                            Institute.
19............................  U        ANSI Z21.20.....  American          Automatic Gas     2014............  (r)(9)...............  3280.703(d)(9).
                                                            National          Ignitions
                                                            Standards         Systems and
                                                            Institute.        Components.
20............................  U        ANSI Z21.21.....  American          Automatic Valves  2012............  (r)(10)..............  3280.703(d)(10).
                                                            National          for Gas
                                                            Standards         Appliances.
                                                            Institute.

[[Page 75731]]

 
21............................  U        ANSI Z21.23.....  American          Gas Appliance     2000............  (r)(11)(i)...........  3280.703(d)(11).
                                                            National          Thermostats,
                                                            Standards         Tenth Edition.
                                                            Institute.
22............................  U        ANSI Z21.23a....  American          Addenda to the    2003............  (r)(11)(ii)..........  3280.703(d)(11).
                                                            National          Tenth Edition
                                                            Standards         of Gas
                                                            Institute.        Appliance
                                                                              Thermostats.
23............................  U        ANSI Z21.23b....  American          Addenda to the    2005............  (r)(11)(iii).........  3280.703(d)(11).
                                                            National          Tenth Edition
                                                            Standards         of ANSI Z21.23-
                                                            Institute.        2000 and
                                                                              Addenda Z21.23a-
                                                                              2003.
24............................  U        ANSI Z21.24.....  American          Connectors for    2006............  (r)(12)..............  3280.703(c)(3).
                                                            National          Gas Appliances.
                                                            Standards
                                                            Institute.
25............................  U        ANSI Z21.47.....  American          Gas Fired         2012............  (r)(14)..............  3280.703(a)(10).
                                                            National          Central
                                                            Standards         Furnaces
                                                            Institute.        (Except Direct
                                                                              Vent Systems).
26............................  N        ANSI Z21.75.....  American          Connectors for    2007............  (r)(15)..............  3280.703(a)(11).
                                                            National          Outdoor Gas
                                                            Standards         Appliances and
                                                            Institute.        Manufactured
                                                                              Homes.
27............................  U        ANSI Z97.1......  American          Standard for      2009............  (h)(9)...............  3280.113(d),
                                                            National          Safety Glazing                                             3280.304(b)(6),
                                                            Standards         Materials used                                             3280.405(d),
                                                            Institute.        in Buildings--                                             3280.607(b),
                                                                              Safety                                                     3280.703(d)(4).
                                                                              Performance
                                                                              Specifications
                                                                              and Methods of
                                                                              Test.
28............................  U        APA D510C         The Engineered    Panel Design      2012............  (m)(1)...............  3280.304(b)(3).
                                          (replaces APA     Wood              Specification.
                                          D410A).           Association
                                                            (formerly the
                                                            American
                                                            Plywood
                                                            Association).
29............................  U        APA E30V........  The Engineered    Engineered Wood   2011............  (m)(3)...............  3280.304(b)(3).
                                                            Wood              Construction
                                                            Association       Guide.
                                                            (formerly the
                                                            American
                                                            Plywood
                                                            Association).
30............................  U        APA H815G.......  The Engineered    Design &          2013............  (m)(4)...............  3280.304(b)(3).
                                                            Wood              Fabrication of
                                                            Association       All-Plywood
                                                            (formerly the     Beams.
                                                            American
                                                            Plywood
                                                            Association).
31............................  U        APA S811P.......  The Engineered    Design &          2013............  (m)(5)...............  3280.304(b)(3).
                                                            Wood              Fabrication of
                                                            Association       Plywood Curved
                                                            (formerly the     Panels.
                                                            American
                                                            Plywood
                                                            Association).
32............................  U        APA S812S.......  The Engineered    Design &          2013............  (m)(6)...............  3280.304(b)(3).
                                                            Wood              Fabrication of
                                                            Association       Glued Plywood
                                                            (formerly the     Lumber Beams.
                                                            American
                                                            Plywood
                                                            Association).
33............................  U        APA U813M.......  The Engineered    Design &          2013............  (m)(7)...............  3280.304(b)(3).
                                                            Wood              Fabrication of
                                                            Association       Plywood-
                                                            (formerly the     Stressed Skin
                                                            American          Panels.
                                                            Plywood
                                                            Association).
34............................  U        APA U814J.......  The Engineered    Design &          2013............  (m)(8)...............  3280.304(b)(3).
                                                            Wood              Fabrication of
                                                            Association       Plywood
                                                            (formerly the     Sandwich Panels.
                                                            American
                                                            Plywood
                                                            Association).
35............................  N        APA Y510........  The Engineered    Plywood Design..  1997............  (m)(9)...............  3280.304(b)(3).
                                                            Wood
                                                            Association
                                                            (formerly the
                                                            American
                                                            Plywood
                                                            Association).

[[Page 75732]]

 
36............................  U        ANSI/ASHRAE 62.2  American          Ventilation and   2013............  (j)(2)...............  3280.103(d) and
                                                            National          Acceptable                                                 (e),
                                                            Standards         Indoor Air                                                 3280.703(d)(23)
                                                            Institute/        Quality in Low-                                            .
                                                            American          Rise
                                                            Society of        Residential
                                                            Heating,          Buildings.
                                                            Refrigeration
                                                            and Air
                                                            Conditioning
                                                            Engineers.
37............................  U        ANSI/ASME         American          Pipe Threads,     2013............  (k)(18)..............  3280.604(c)(1),
                                          B1.20.1.          National          General Purpose                                            3280.703(b)(3),
                                                            Standards         (Inch).                                                    3280.705(e),
                                                            Institute/                                                                   3280.706(d).
                                                            American
                                                            Society of
                                                            Mechanical
                                                            Engineers.
38............................  U        ANSI/ASME B36.10  American Society  Welding and       2004............  (k)(26)..............  3280.604(c)(1),
                                                            of Mechanical     Seamless                                                   3280.703(b)(4),
                                                            Engineers.        Wrought Steel                                              3280.705(b)(1),
                                                                              Pipe.                                                      3280.706(b)(1).
39............................  U        ASTM A53/A53M...  ASTM,             Standard          2012............  (n)(1)...............  3280.604(c)(1),
                                                            International.    Specification                                              3280.703(b)(1).
                                                                              for Pipe,
                                                                              Steel, Black
                                                                              and Hot-Dipped,
                                                                              Zinc Coated,
                                                                              Welded and
                                                                              Seamless.
40............................  U        ASTM B42........  ASTM,             Standard          2010............  (n)(4)...............  3280.604(c)(2),
                                                            International.    Specification                                              3280.703(c)(7).
                                                                              for Seamless
                                                                              Copper Pipe,
                                                                              Standard Sizes.
41............................  U        ASTM B88........  ASTM,             Standard          2014............  (n)(6)...............  3280.604(c)(2),
                                                            International.    Specification                                              3280.703(c)(1),
                                                                              for Seamless                                               3280.705(b)(3),
                                                                              Copper Water                                               3280.706(b)(3).
                                                                              Tube.
42............................  U        ASTM B251.......  ASTM,             Standard          2010............  (n)(7)...............  3280.604(c)(2),
                                                            International.    Specification                                              3280.703(c)(6).
                                                                              for General
                                                                              Requirements
                                                                              for Wrought
                                                                              Seamless Copper-
                                                                              Alloy Tubes.
43............................  U        ASTM B280.......  ASTM,             Standard          2013............  (n)(8)...............  3280.703(c)(2),
                                                            International.    Specification                                              3280.705(b)(3),
                                                                              for Seamless                                               3280.706(b)(3).
                                                                              Copper Tube for
                                                                              Air
                                                                              Conditioning
                                                                              and
                                                                              Refrigeration
                                                                              Field Service.
44............................  U        ASTM C1396/       ASTM,             Standard          2014............  (n)(12)..............  3280.304(b)(4)(i
                                          C1396M.           International.    Specification                                              ).
                                                                              for Gypsum
                                                                              Board.
45............................  N        ASTM D3679......  ASTM,             Standard          2009a...........  (n)(21)..............  3280.304(b)(6),
                                                            International.    Specification                                              3280.309(b)(1).
                                                                              for Rigid Poly
                                                                              (Vinyl
                                                                              Chloride) (PVC)
                                                                              Siding.
46............................  U        ASTM D4442......  ASTM,             Standard Test     2007............  (n)(23)..............  3280.304(b)(3).
                                                            International.    Methods for
                                                                              Direct Moisture
                                                                              Content
                                                                              Measurement of
                                                                              Wood & Wood
                                                                              Base Materials.
47............................  U        ASTM D4444......  ASTM,             Standard Test     2013............  (n)(24)..............  3280.304(b)(3).
                                                            International.    Method for
                                                                              Laboratory
                                                                              Standardization
                                                                              and Calibration
                                                                              of Hand-Held
                                                                              Moisture Meters.
48............................  N        ASTM D4756......  ASTM,             Standard          2006............  (n)(26)..............  3280.304(b)(6),
                                                            International.    Practice for                                               3280.309(c).
                                                                              Installation of
                                                                              Rigid Poly
                                                                              (Vinyl
                                                                              Chloride) (PVC)
                                                                              Siding and
                                                                              Soffit.
49............................  N        ASTM D7254......  ASTM,             Standard          2007............  (n)(28)..............  3280.304(b)(6),
                                                            International.    Specification                                              3280.309(b)(2).
                                                                              for
                                                                              Polypropylene
                                                                              (PP) Siding.

[[Page 75733]]

 
50............................  N        ASTM E90........  ASTM,             Standard Test     2009............  (n)(30)..............  3280.115(b).
                                                            International.    Method for
                                                                              Laboratory
                                                                              Measurement of
                                                                              Airborne Sound
                                                                              Transmission
                                                                              Loss of
                                                                              Building
                                                                              Partitions and
                                                                              Elements.
51............................  U        ASTM E96/E96M...  ASTM,             Standard Test     2013............  (n)(31)..............  3280.504(a) and
                                                            International.    Methods for                                                (c).
                                                                              Water Vapor
                                                                              Transmission of
                                                                              Materials.
52............................  U        ASTM E119.......  ASTM,             Standard Test     2014............  (n)(32)..............  3280.215(a)
                                                            International.    Method for Fire                                            and(d)(1)(iii),
                                                                              Tests of                                                   3280.304(b)(3)(
                                                                              Building                                                   xxvii),
                                                                              Construction                                               3280.1003(a)(1)
                                                                              and Materials.                                             .
53............................  N        ASTM E492.......  ASTM,             Standard Test     2009............  (n)(34)..............  3280.115(c).
                                                            International.    Method for
                                                                              Laboratory
                                                                              Measurement of
                                                                              Impact Sound
                                                                              Transmission
                                                                              Through Floor-
                                                                              Ceiling
                                                                              Assemblies
                                                                              Using the
                                                                              Tapping Machine.
54............................  N        ASTM E814.......  ASTM,             Standard Test     2013............  (n)(37)..............  3280.215(b)(1)(i
                                                            International.    Method for Fire                                            i).
                                                                              Tests of
                                                                              Penetration
                                                                              Firestop
                                                                              Systems.
55............................  U        AWC Design        American Wood     Design Values     2012............  (o)(3)...............  3280.304(b)(3).
                                          Values for        Council           for Joists and
                                          Joists and        (formerly         Rafters, 2012
                                          Rafters           American Forest   Edition.
                                          (formerly under   & Paper
                                          AFPA).            Association).
56............................  U        AWC NDS           American Wood     National Design   2015............  (o)(1)(i)............  3280.215(a),
                                          (formerly under   Council           Specifications                                             3280.304(b)(3).
                                          AFPA).            (formerly         for Wood
                                                            American Forest   Construction.
                                                            & Paper
                                                            Association).
57............................  U        AWC NDS           American Wood     NDS Supplement,   2015............  (o)(1)(ii)...........  3280.215(a),
                                          Supplement(form   Council           Design for Wood                                            3280.304(b)(3).
                                          erly under        (formerly         Construction.
                                          AFPA).            American Forest
                                                            & Paper
                                                            Association).
58............................  U        AWC Span Tables   American Wood     Span Tables for   2012............  (o)(2)...............  3280.304(b)(3)(x
                                          for Joists and    Council           Joists and                                                 ix).
                                          Rafters           (formerly         Rafters, 2012
                                          (formerly under   American Forest   Edition.
                                          AFPA).            & Paper
                                                            Association).
59............................  U        ANSI/HPVA HP-1..  American          American          2009............  (s)(1)...............  3280.304(b)(3)(i
                                                            National          National                                                   v).
                                                            Standards         Standard for
                                                            Institute/        Hardwood and
                                                            Hardwood          Decorative
                                                            Plywood and       Plywood.
                                                            Veneer
                                                            Association
                                                            (previously
                                                            HPMA).
60............................  U        IAPMO TS 9......  Int'l             Standard for Gas  2003............  (x)(8)...............  3280.703(c)(5).
                                                            Association of    Supply
                                                            Plumbing and      Connectors for
                                                            Mechanical        Manufactured
                                                            Officials.        Homes.
61............................  N        ISO/IEC 17065...  Int'l             Conformity        2012............  (z)(1)...............  3280.403(e)(1),
                                                            Organization      Assessment--Req                                            3280.404(e)(2),
                                                            for               uirements for                                              3280.405(e)(1).
                                                            Standardization/  Bodies
                                                            Int'l             Certifying
                                                            Electrotechnica   Products,
                                                            l Commission.     Processes and
                                                                              Services.
62............................  U        ESR 1539........  International     Power Driven      2014............  (y)(1)...............  3280.304(b)(5)(i
                                                            Code Council      Staples and                                                ).
                                                            Evaluation        Nails.
                                                            Service
                                                            (previously
                                                            known as
                                                            National
                                                            Evaluation
                                                            Service).

[[Page 75734]]

 
63............................  N        NFPA 13D........  National Fire     Standard for the  2010............  (dd)(1)..............  3280.214(b),
                                                            Protection        Installation of                                            (e)(2), and
                                                            Association.      Sprinkler                                                  (o)(3)(i).
                                                                              Systems in One
                                                                              and Two Family
                                                                              Dwellings and
                                                                              Manufactured
                                                                              Homes.
64............................  U        NFPA 31.........  National Fire     Installation of   2011............  (dd)(2)..............  3280.703(d)(13),
                                                            Protection        Oil-Burning                                                3280.707(f).
                                                            Association.      Equipment.
65............................  U        NFPA 54/ANSI      National Fire     National Fuel     2015............  (dd)(3)..............  3280.703(d)(14).
                                          Z223.1.           Protection        Gas Code.
                                                            Association/
                                                            American
                                                            National
                                                            Standards
                                                            Institute.
66............................  U        NFPA 58.........  National Fire     Standard for the  2014............  (dd)(4)..............  3280.703(d)(16).
                                                            Protection        Storage and
                                                            Association.      Handling of
                                                                              Liquefied
                                                                              Petroleum Gas.
67............................  U        NFPA 70.........  National Fire     National          2014............  (dd)(5)..............  3280.607(c),
                                                            Protection        Electric Code.                                             3280.801(a) and
                                                            Association/                                                                 (b),
                                                            National                                                                     3280.803(k),
                                                            Electric Code.                                                               3280.804(a) and
                                                                                                                                         (k),
                                                                                                                                         3280.805(a),
                                                                                                                                         3280.806(d),
                                                                                                                                         3280.807(c),
                                                                                                                                         3280.808(l) and
                                                                                                                                         (p),
                                                                                                                                         3280.810(b),
                                                                                                                                         3280.811(b).
68............................  U        NFPA 90B........  National Fire     Warm Air Heating  2015............  (dd)(6)..............  3280.703(d)(15).
                                                            Protection        and Air
                                                            Association.      Conditioning
                                                                              Systems.
69............................  U        SAE J533........  Society of        Flares for        2007............  (hh)(1)..............  3280.703(d)(17),
                                                            Automotive        Tubing.                                                    3280.705(f)(1).
                                                            Engineers.
70............................  N        TT-P-1536A......  Federal           Plumbing Fixture  1975............  (t)(3)...............  3280.604(b).
                                                            Specification.    Setting
                                                                              Compound.
71............................  U        TPI 1 (replaces   Truss Plate       National Design   2007............  (jj)(1)(I)...........  3280.304(b)(3)(i
                                          TPI-85).          Institute.        Standard for                                               x).
                                                                              Metal Plate
                                                                              Connected Wood
                                                                              Truss
                                                                              Construction.
72............................  U        TPI 1 Commentary  Truss Plate       2007 Commentary   2007............  (jj)(1)(ii)..........  3280.304(b)(3)(i
                                          and Appendices.   Institute.        and Appendices.                                            x).
73............................  U        PS 1 Voluntary    National          Structural        2009............  (ee)(1)..............  3280.304(b)(3).
                                          Product           Institute of      Plywood (with
                                          Standard.         Standards and     Typical APA
                                                            Technology.       Trademarks).
74............................  U        UL 103..........  Underwriters'     Chimneys,         2010............  (kk)(2)..............  3280.703(d)(18).
                                                            Laboratories,     Factory Built
                                                            Inc.              Residential
                                                                              Type & Building
                                                                              Heating
                                                                              Appliance.
75............................  U        UL 109..........  Underwriters'     Tube Fittings     2005............  (kk)(3)..............  3280.703(d)(5).
                                                            Laboratories,     for Flammable
                                                            Inc.              and Combustible
                                                                              Fluids,
                                                                              Refrigeration
                                                                              Service, and
                                                                              Marine Use.
76............................  U        UL 174..........  Underwriters'     Household         2004............  (kk)(5)..............  3280.703(a)(16).
                                                            Laboratories,     Electric
                                                            Inc.              Storage Tanks
                                                                              Water Heaters.
77............................  U        UL 181..........  Underwriters'     Factory Made Air  2013............  (kk)(6)..............  3280.702,
                                                            Laboratories,     Ducts &                                                    3280.703(d)(1).
                                                            Inc.              Connectors.                                                3280.715(a) and
                                                                                                                                         (e).
78............................  U        UL 181A.........  Underwriters'     Closure Systems   2013............  (kk)(7)..............  3280.703(d)(2),
                                                            Laboratories,     for Use with                                               3280.715(c).
                                                            Inc.              Rigid Air Ducts
                                                                              and Air
                                                                              Connectors.
79............................  N        UL 263..........  Underwriters'     Fire Tests of     2014............  (kk)(10).............  3280.215(a) and
                                                            Laboratories,     Building                                                   (d)(1)(iii).
                                                            Inc.              Construction
                                                                              Materials.
80............................  U        UL 268..........  Underwriters'     Smoke Detectors   1999............  (kk)(11).............  3280.209(a),
                                                            Laboratories,     for Fire                                                   3280.703(a)(1).
                                                            Inc.              Protective
                                                                              Signaling
                                                                              Systems.

[[Page 75735]]

 
81............................  U        UL 307A.........  Underwriters'     Liquid Fuel-      2009............  (kk)(12).............  3280.703(a)(2),
                                                            Laboratories,     Burning Heating                                            3280.707(f).
                                                            Inc.              Appliances for
                                                                              Manufactured
                                                                              Homes &
                                                                              Recreational
                                                                              Vehicles.
82............................  U        UL 307B.........  Underwriters'     Gas-Burning       2009............  (kk)(13).............  3280.703(a)(6).
                                                            Laboratories,     Appliances for
                                                            Inc.              Manufactured
                                                                              Homes &
                                                                              Recreational
                                                                              Vehicles.
83............................  U        UL 441..........  Underwriters'     Gas Vents.......  2010............  (kk)(15).............  3280.703(d)(12).
                                                            Laboratories,
                                                            Inc.
84............................  N        UL 499..........  Underwriters'     Standard for      2014............  (kk)(16).............  3280.703(a)(19).
                                                            Laboratories,     Electric
                                                            Inc.              Heating
                                                                              Appliances.
85............................  U        UL 569..........  Underwriters'     Pigtails &        2013............  (kk)(17).............  3280.703(d)(6),
                                                            Laboratories,     Flexible Hose                                              3280.705(l)(1).
                                                            Inc.              Connectors for
                                                                              LP Gas.
86............................  U        UL 1042.........  Underwriters'     Electric          2009............  (kk)(20).............  3280.703(a)(4).
                                                            Laboratories,     Baseboard
                                                            Inc.              Heating
                                                                              Equipment.
87............................  N        UL 1479.........  Underwriters'     Fire Tests of     2014............  (kk)(22).............  3280.215(d)(1)(i
                                                            Laboratories,     Penetration                                                i).
                                                            Inc.              Firestops.
88............................  U        UL 2034.........  Underwriters'     Standard for      2016............  (kk)(25).............  3280.209(a),
                                                            Laboratories,     Single and                                                 3280.211(a),
                                                            Inc.              Multiple                                                   3280.703(a)(18)
                                                                              Station Carbon                                             .
                                                                              Monoxide
                                                                              Alarms, Fourth
                                                                              Edition.
89............................  N        UL 60335-2-40...  Underwriters'     Standard for      2012............  (kk)(26).............  3280.703(a)(16).
                                                            Laboratories,     Household and
                                                            Inc.              Similar
                                                                              Electrical
                                                                              Appliances--Saf
                                                                              ety, Part 2-34:
                                                                              Particular
                                                                              Requirements
                                                                              for Motor-
                                                                              Compressors.
90............................  U        WDMA I.S.4......  Window and Door   Industry          2009............  (mm)(1)..............  3280.405(c).
                                                            Manufacturers     Specification
                                                            Association.      for
                                                                              Preservative
                                                                              Treatment for
                                                                              Millwork.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

V. Findings and Certifications

Regulatory Review--Executive Orders 12866, 13563, and 14094

    Under Executive Order 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review), a 
determination must be made whether a regulatory action is significant 
and, therefore, subject to review by the Office of Management and 
Budget (OMB) in accordance with the requirements of the order. 
Executive Order 13563 (Improving Regulations and Regulatory Review) 
directs executive agencies to analyze regulations that are ``outmoded, 
ineffective, insufficient, or excessively burdensome, and to modify, 
streamline, expand, or repeal them in accordance with what has been 
learned.'' Executive Order 13563 also directs that, where relevant, 
feasible, and consistent with regulatory objectives, and to the extent 
permitted by law, agencies are to identify and consider regulatory 
approaches that reduce burdens and maintain flexibility and freedom of 
choice for the public. Executive Order 14094 entitled ``Modernizing 
Regulatory Review'' (hereinafter referred to as the ``Modernizing 
E.O.'') amends section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866, among other 
things.
    The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) reviewed this rule under 
Executive Order 12866 (entitled ``Regulatory Planning and Review''). 
OMB determined that this rule is a ``significant regulatory action'' as 
defined in section 3(f)(1) of the Order. Any changes made to the rule 
subsequent to its submission to OMB are identified in the docket file, 
which is available for public inspection at either www.regulations.gov 
or in the Regulations Division, Office of the General Counsel, 451 7th 
Street SW, Washington, DC 20410-0500. HUD strongly encourages the 
public to view the docket file at www.regulations.gov. Due to security 
measures at the HUD Headquarters building, please schedule an 
appointment to review the docket file by calling the Regulations 
Division at 202-402-3055 (this is not a toll-free number). HUD welcomes 
and is prepared to receive calls from individuals who are deaf or hard 
of hearing, as well as individuals with speech or communication 
disabilities. To learn more about how to make an accessible telephone 
call, please visit: https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/telecommunications-relay-service-trs.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    The information collection requirements contained in this final 
rule have been approved by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 
under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501-3520). In 
accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act, an agency may not conduct 
or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of 
information unless the collection displays a valid control number. OMB 
has issued HUD the control number 2502-0253 for the information 
collection requirements under the current Manufactured

[[Page 75736]]

Housing Construction and Safety Standards Program.
    This final rule revises the technical standards within the MHCSS 
that address the fourth and fifth sets of recommendations made to HUD 
by the MHCC. The revisions include a large number of updated standards 
incorporated by reference, which will bring the MHCSS in line with more 
current industry standards, improve the quality and safety of 
manufactured homes constructed, and allow for expanded, innovative 
opportunities to use of manufactured housing, such as multi-dwelling 
unit manufactured homes. The revisions will eliminate the need for 
manufacturers to obtain special approvals from HUD for some 
construction features and options, including tankless water heaters, 
home designs with peak flip roof assemblies, and accessible shower 
compartments. This will cause the Design Approval Primary Inspection 
Agencies (DAPIAs) to subsequently experience a reduction in requests to 
review AC submissions and issue fewer concurrence correspondences to 
OMHP.
    The overall reporting and recordkeeping burden for collection 
number 2502-0253 addressed in this final rule is estimated as follows:
    Number of respondents: 196.
    Number of responses: 197,014.
    Frequency of response: 1,005.
    Average hours per response: 1.2.
    Total estimated burden: 238,994.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 
1531-1538) establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the 
effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and Tribal 
governments and the private sector. This rule will not impose any 
Federal mandates on any State, local, or Tribal government or the 
private sector within the meaning of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 
of 1995.

Environmental Review

    A Finding of No Significant Impact with respect to the environment 
was made at the proposed rule stage in accordance with HUD regulations 
at 24 CFR part 50, which implement section 102(2)(C) of the National 
Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C)). The Finding of 
No Significant Impact remains applicable and is available for review in 
the docket for this rule on www.regulations.gov.

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) 
requires an agency to conduct a regulatory flexibility analysis of any 
rule subject to notice and comment rulemaking requirements, unless the 
agency certifies that the rule will not have a significant economic 
impact on a substantial number of small entities.
    The final rule regulates establishments primarily engaged in making 
manufactured homes (NAICS 321991). The Small Business Administration's 
size standards define an establishment primarily engaged in making 
manufactured homes as small if it does not exceed 1250 employees. 13 
CFR 121.201. Of the 242 firms included under this NAICS definition, 
approximately 37 produce manufactured homes subject to the MHCSS. Of 
the 37 manufacturers subject to the MHCSS, 34 are considered small 
businesses based on the threshold of 1250 employees or less. The final 
rule would apply to all manufacturers. The rule would, thus, affect a 
substantial number of small entities.
    HUD has determined, however, that this rule would not have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. 
As discussed in the economic impact analysis prepared for this rule, 
most of the revisions enacted by this rule would not affect costs of 
manufacturers, large or small, and provide benefit to homeowners. 
Furthermore, seven code changes enacted by this rule would affect the 
cost of design, production, or installation of manufactured homes by 
decreasing the costs of manufacturing.
    This rule also eliminates the need for manufacturers to prepare and 
submit an Alternate Construction (AC) letter in four circumstances, 
providing all manufacturers, large and small, additional cost savings 
and increased flexibility in design. The changes provide additional 
options and increased flexibility in the four circumstances, which 
include design of accessible shower compartments, multi-dwelling unit 
manufactured homes, and revised floor plans. Savings from the reduced 
administrative burden associated with AC letter application and 
compliance is $771,000 per production year.
    Two revisions increase production costs. The change to 24 CFR 
3280.307(f) requires that the exterior wall envelope of a manufactured 
home contain a water resistive barrier behind the exterior cladding, as 
well as have a means of draining water that enters the assembly. The 
water resistant barriers, which are common in large manufactured homes 
and less common in small manufactured homes, would increase the upfront 
production costs. Based on HUD's industry knowledge, small businesses 
produce custom or larger manufactured homes and were much likelier to 
have incorporated water resistant barriers in their products prior to 
this rule. This means the costs of water resistive barriers have 
largely been incorporated into existing manufacturing costs for small 
businesses compared to large businesses.
    There are no significant alternatives to the water resistive 
barrier standard. This is because no alternatives reduce the fire 
hazard risks in manufactured homes as effectively as this water 
resistant barrier standard while maintaining a similar cost structure. 
Further, no similar standards were considered by the MHCC, which 
includes numerous industry representatives and recommends incorporation 
of the standards, or recommended to HUD. This lack of recommendation 
divests HUD of authority to implement an alternative standard.
    The rule also updates the AWC National Design Specification for 
Wood Construction reference from the 2001 to 2015 edition. This change, 
which amends the design values for the grade of wood needed for 
structural elements, was recommended by the MHCC after the Southern 
Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB), an independent non-profit industry 
inspection agency, discovered that the strength of southern pine lumber 
had decreased and that previous standards were insufficient to protect 
against structural failure. The recommendations from the SPIB provide 
that the most effective method to avoid structural failure is changing 
the values. This led the manufactured housing industry, including small 
manufacturers, to implement the 2015 edition of this standard in their 
production process. Further, the MHCC did not consider an alternative 
or provide HUD with a recommendation and this rule codifies a standard 
that is broadly used in the industry.
    Overall, the regulatory impact analysis for this rule concluded 
that the decreased costs of design, production and installation of 
manufactured homes would reduce burden and result in an overall 
positive economic impact on manufacturers and consumers. The regulatory 
impact analysis also provides that the rule would produce net benefits 
ranging from $160.4 million to $334.4 million per production year. HUD 
has considered the effects of changes between the proposed rule and 
this final rule and finds that the regulatory impact analysis has 
changed minimally.
    HUD solicited comments from the public at the proposed rule stage 
on whether the rule would impose a significant economic impact on a

[[Page 75737]]

substantial number of small entities. HUD received no comments 
suggesting that it would impose a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities. A handful of comments asserted 
the final rule would impose increased burdens on manufacturers in 
general, but the comments did not assert or suggest the burdens were 
economically significant or disproportionately impacted small 
businesses.
    Accordingly, the undersigned certifies that the rule will not have 
a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities.

Executive Order 13132, Federalism

    Executive Order 13132 (entitled ``Federalism'') prohibits, to the 
extent practicable and permitted by law, an agency from promulgating a 
regulation that has federalism implications and either imposes 
substantial direct compliance costs on State and local governments and 
is not required by statute, or preempts State law, unless the relevant 
requirements of section 6 of the Executive Order are met. This rule 
does not have federalism implications and does not impose substantial 
direct compliance costs on State and local governments or preempt State 
law within the meaning of the Executive order.

List of Subjects

24 CFR Part 3280

    Fire prevention, Housing standards, Incorporation by reference.

24 CFR Part 3282

    Administrative practice and procedure, Consumer protection, 
Intergovernmental relations, Investigations, Manufactured homes, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Warranties.

24 CFR Part 3285

    Housing standards, Manufactured homes.

24 CFR Part 3286

    Administrative practice and procedure, Consumer protection, 
Intergovernmental relations, Manufactured homes, reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements.

    Accordingly, for the reasons discussed in the preamble, HUD amends 
24 CFR parts 3280, 3282, 3285, and 3286 to read as follows:

PART 3280--MANUFACTURED HOME CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY STANDARDS

0
1. The authority citation for part 3280 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  15 U.S.C. 2697, 42 U.S.C. 3535(d), 5403, and 5424.


0
2. Amend Sec.  3280.2 by:
0
a. Revising the definition for ``Certification label'';
0
b. Adding, in alphabetical order, the definition for ``Dwelling'';
0
c. Revising the definition for ``Dwelling unit''; and
0
d. Adding, in alphabetical order, the definitions for ``Multipurpose 
fire sprinkler system'', ``Stand-alone fire sprinkler system'', and 
``Water resistive barrier''.
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  3280.  2 Definitions.

* * * * *
    Certification label means the approved form of certification by the 
manufacturer that, under Sec.  3280.11, is permanently affixed to each 
transportable section of each manufactured home manufactured for sale 
in the United States.
    Dwelling means any structure that contains one to a maximum of four 
dwelling units, designed to be permanently occupied for residential 
living purposes.
    Dwelling unit means a single unit that provides complete 
independent living facilities for one or more persons, where the 
occupancy is primarily permanent in nature, including permanent 
provisions for separate living, sleeping, cooking, eating, and 
sanitation.
* * * * *
    Multipurpose fire sprinkler system means a system that supplies 
domestic water to both plumbing fixtures and fire sprinklers.
* * * * *
    Stand-alone fire sprinkler system means a system that is separate 
and independent from the water distribution system.
* * * * *
    Water resistive barrier means a material behind the exterior wall 
covering that is intended to prevent liquid water that has penetrated 
behind the exterior covering from intruding further into the exterior 
wall assembly.
* * * * *

0
3. Revise and republish Sec.  3280.4 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.4  Incorporation by reference.

    (a)(1) Certain material is incorporated by reference in this part 
with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register in accordance 
with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other 
than that specified in this section, the U.S. Department of Housing and 
Urban Development (Department) must publish a document in the Federal 
Register and the material must be available to the public. All approved 
incorporation by reference (IBR) material is available for inspection 
at the Department and at the National Archives and Records 
Administration (NARA). Contact the Department at: Office of 
Manufactured Housing Programs, 451 Seventh Street SW, Washington, DC 
20410; email [email protected]; (202) 402-2698. For information on the 
availability of this material at NARA, visit www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations or email [email protected].
    (2) The IBR material may be obtained from the sources in this 
paragraph (a)(2) or from one or more private resellers listed in this 
paragraph (a)(2). For material that is no longer commercially 
available, contact the Office of Manufactured Housing Programs (see 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section).
    (i) Accuris Standards Store, phone: (800) 332-6077; website: 
https://store.accuristech.com.
    (ii) American National Standards Institute (see paragraph (h) of 
this section).
    (iii) EverySpec LLC, 710 Lake Louise Ct., Gibsonia, PA 10544; 
website: http://everyspec.com. (Government and military standards 
only.)
    (iv) GlobalSpec, 257 Fuller Road, Suite NFE 1100, Albany, NY 12203-
3621; phone: (800) 261-2052; website: https://standards.globalspec.com.
    (v) Nimonik Document Center, 401 Roland Way, Suite 224, Oakland, 
CA, 94624; phone (650)591-7600; email: center.com">info@document-center.com; 
website: www.document-center.com.
    (b) Air Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration Institute (AHRI), 
2311 Wilson Blvd., Suite 400, Arlington, VA 22201; telephone: 703-524-
8800; fax: 703-528-3816; website: www.ahrinet.org.
    (1) ANSI/AHRI Standard 210/240-2008 with Addenda 1 and 2, 2008 
Standard for Performance Rating of Unitary Air-Conditioning and Air-
Source Heat Pump Equipment, ANSI-approved December 2012; IBR approved 
for Sec. Sec.  3280.511(b); 3280.703(d); 3280.714(a).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (c) Aluminum Association (AA), 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 600, 
Arlington, VA 22209; telephone: 703-358-2960; fax:

[[Page 75738]]

703-358-3921; website: www.aluminum.org.
    (1) Aluminum Design Manual, Specifications and Guidelines for 
Aluminum Structures, Part 1-A, Sixth Edition, October 1994; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (2) Aluminum Design Manual, Specifications and Guidelines for 
Aluminum Structures, Part 1-B, First Edition, October 1994; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (d) American Forest and Paper Association (AFPA), 1101 K Street NW, 
Suite 700, Washington, DC 20005; telephone: 202-463-2700; website: 
www.afandpa.org.
    (1) AFPA, Wood Structural Design Data, 1986 Edition with 1992 
Revisions; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (e) American Gas Association (AGA), 400 North Capitol Street NW, 
Washington, DC 20001: telephone: 202-824-7000; website: www.aga.org.
    (1) AGA No. 3-87, Requirements for Gas Connectors for Connection of 
Fixed Appliances for Outdoor Installation, Park Trailers, and 
Manufactured (Mobile) Homes to the Gas Supply; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.703(d).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (f) American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), 130 East 
Randolph Street, Suite 2000, Chicago, IL 60601-6219; telephone: 312-
670-2400; fax: 312-626-2402; website: www.aisc.org.
    (1) ANSI/AISC 360-10, Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, 
Second Printing: February 2012 (AISC 360-10); IBR approved for 
Sec. Sec.  3280.304(b); 3280.305(j).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (g) American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 25 Massachusetts 
Avenue NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20001; telephone: 202-452-7100; 
website: www.steel.org.
    (1) AISI S100-12, North American Specification for the Design of 
Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, 2012 Edition, 2nd Printing--June 
2014, including AISI S100-12-E3 errata dated December 10, 2014; IBR 
approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.304(b); 3280.305(j).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (h) American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 West 43rd 
Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10018; telephone: 212-642-4900; fax: 
212-398-0023; website: www.ansi.org.
    (1) ANSI A112.14.1-1975, Backflow Valves; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.604(c).
    (2) ANSI A112.19.5-1979, Trim for Water Closet, Bowls, Tanks, and 
Urinals; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (3) ANSI/AITC A190.1-1992, For wood products--Structural Glued 
Laminated Timber; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (4) ANSI A208.2-2002, Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) For Interior 
Applications, approved May 13, 2002; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.304(b).
    (5) ANSI B16.18-1984, Cast Copper Alloy Solder-Joint Pressure 
Fittings; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (6) ANSI C72.1-1972, section 4.3.1, Household Automatic Electric 
Storage Type Water Heaters; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.707(d).
    (7) ANSI Z21.22-1999, Relief Valves for Hot Water Supply Systems; 
IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.604(c); 3280.703(d).
    (8) ANSI Z34.1-1993, Third-Party Certification Programs for 
Products, Processes, and Services; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  
3280.403(e); 3280.405(e).
    (9) ANSI Z97.1-2009e, American National Standard for safety glazing 
materials used in buildings--safety performance specifications and 
methods of test, approved November 2009; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  
3280.113(d); 3280.304(b); 3280.403(d); 3280.604(c); 3280.607(b); 
3280.703(d).
    (10) ANSI Z124.1-1987, Plastic Bathtub Units with Addendum Z124.1a-
1990 and Z124.1b-1991; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (11) ANSI Z124.2-1987, Plastic Shower Receptors and Shower Stalls 
with Addendum Z124.2a-1990; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (12) ANSI Z124.3-1986, Plastic Lavatories with Addendum Z124.3a-
1990; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (13) ANSI Z124.4-1986, Plastic Water Closets, Bowls, and Tanks with 
Addenda Z124.4a-1990; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (14) ANSI Z124.5-1997, Plastic Toilet (Water Closets) Seats; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (15) ANSI Z124.7-1997, Prefabricated Plastic Spa Shells; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (16) ANSI Z-124.9-1994, Plastic Urinal Fixtures; IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (i) American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander Bell 
Drive, Reston, VA 20191; telephone: 800-548-2723; website: 
www.asce.org.
    (1) ANSI/ASCE 7-88, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other 
Structures, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.5(f); 3280.304(b); 
3280.305(c).
    (2) SEI/ASCE 8-02, Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed 
Stainless Steel Structural Members, 2002; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  
3280.304(b); 3280.305(j).
    (3) ASCE 19-96, Structural Applications of Steel Cables for 
Buildings; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (j) American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 
Engineers (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329; 
telephone: 404-636-8400; fax: 404-321-5478; website: www.ashrae.org/home/.
    (1) 1997 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, chapters 22 through 27, 
(except for the following parts of this standard that are not 
incorporated by reference: 23.1 Steel Frame Construction; 23.2 Masonry 
Construction; 23.3 Foundations and Floor Systems; 23.15 Pipes; 23.17 
Tanks, Vessels, and Equipment; 23.18 Refrigerated Rooms and Buildings; 
24.18 Mechanical and Industrial Systems; 25.19 Commercial Building 
Envelope Leakage; 27.9 Calculation of Heat Loss from Crawl Spaces), 
Inch-Pound Edition, 1997; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.508(a) and 
(e); 3280.511(a).
    (2) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2013, Ventilation and Acceptable 
Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings, approved January 
30, 2013 (ANSI/ASHRAE 62.2); IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.103(d) 
and (e); 3280.703(d).
    (k) American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Two Park 
Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990; telephone: 800-843-2763; website: 
www.asme.org/.
    (1) ASME A112.1.2-1991, Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems; IBR approved 
for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (2) ANSI/ASME A112.4.1-1993, Water Heater Relief Valve Drain Tubes; 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (3) ANSI/ASME A112.4.3-1999, Plastic Fittings for Connecting Water 
Closets to the Sanitary Drainage System; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.604(c).
    (4) ASME/ANSI A112.18.1M-1989, Plumbing Fixture Fittings; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (5) ASME A112.18.3M-1996, Performance Requirements for Backflow 
Protection Devices and Systems in Plumbing Fixture Fittings; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (6) ASME A112.18.6-1999, Flexible Water Connectors; IBR approved 
for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (7) ASME A112.18.7-1999, Deck Mounted Bath/Shower Transfer Valves 
with Integral Backflow Protection; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (8) ANSI/ASME A112.19.1M-1987, Enameled Cast Iron Plumbing 
Fixtures; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (9) ANSI/ASME A112.19.2(M)-1990, Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures; 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (10) ANSI/ASME A112.19.3M-1987, Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures 
(Designed for Residential Use); IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (11) ANSI/ASME A112.19.4(M)-1984, Porcelain Enameled Formed Steel

[[Page 75739]]

Plumbing Fixtures; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (12) ASME A112.19.6-1995, Hydraulic Performance Requirements for 
Water Closets and Urinals; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (13) ASME/ANSI A112.19.7M-1987, Whirlpool Bathtub Appliances; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (14) ASME/ANSI A112.19.8M-1989, Suction Fittings for Use in 
Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Whirlpool Bathtub 
Appliances; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (15) ASME A112.19.9M-1991, Non-Vitreous Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures; 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (16) ASME A112.19.10-1994, Dual Flush Devices for Water Closets; 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (17) ANSI/ASME A112.21.3M-1985, Hydrants for Utility and 
Maintenance Use; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (18) ANSI/ASME B1.20.1-2013, Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch), 
reaffirmed 2018; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.604(c); 3280.703(b); 
3280.705(e); 3280.706(d).
    (19) ANSI/ASME B16.3-1992, Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (20) ANSI/ASME B16.4-1992, Gray Iron Threaded Fittings; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (21) ANSI/ASME B16.15-1985, Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings, Classes 
125 and 250; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (22) ASME/ANSI B16.22-1989, Wrought-Copper and Copper Alloy Solder-
Joint Pressure Fitting; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (23) ASME B16.23-1992, Cast Copper Alloy Solder-Joint Drainage 
Fittings-DWV; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (24) ASME/ANSI B16.26-1988, Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared 
Copper Tubes; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (25) ASME/ANSI B16.29-1986, Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy 
Solder-Joint Drainage Fittings-DWV; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (26) ANSI/ASME B36.10-2004, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe, 
ANSI-approved June 23, 2004; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.604(c); 
3280.703(b), 3280.705(b); 3280.706(b).
    (l) American Society of Sanitary Engineering (ASSE), 901 
Canterbury, Suite A, Westlake, OH 44145; telephone: 440-835-3040; fax: 
440-835-3488; website: www.asse-plumbing.org.
    (1) ASSE 1001, Performance Requirements for Pipe Applied 
Atmospheric Type Vacuum Breakers, ANSI-approved 1990; IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (2) ASSE 1002 (ANSI/ASSE-1979), Performance Requirements for Water 
Closet Flush Tank Fill Valves (Ballcocks), Revision 5, 1986; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (3) ASSE 1006, Plumbing Requirements for Residential Use 
(Household) Dishwashers, ASSE/ANSI-1986; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.604(c).
    (4) ASSE 1007-1986, Performance Requirements for Home Laundry 
Equipment; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (5) ASSE 1008-1986, Performance Requirements for Household Food 
Waste Disposer Units; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (6) ASSE 1011-1981, Performance Requirements for Hose Connection 
Vacuum Breakers, ANSI-approved 1982; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.604(c).
    (7) ASSE 1014-1989, Performance Requirements for Hand-held Showers, 
ANSI-approved 1990; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (8) ASSE 1016-2005, Performance Requirements for Automatic 
Compensating Values for Individual Shower and Tub/Shower Combinations, 
approved January 2005; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.604(c); 
3280.607(b).
    (9) ASSE 1017-1986, Performance Requirements for Temperature 
Activated Mixing Valves for Primary Domestic Use, 1986; IBR approved 
for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (10) ANSI/ASSE 1019-1978, Performance Requirements for Wall 
Hydrants, Frost Proof Automatic Draining, Anti-Backflow Types, 1978; 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (11) ASSE 1023, Performance Requirements for Hot Water Dispensers, 
Household Storage Type Electrical, ANSI/ASSE-1979; IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (12) ASSE 1025, Performance Requirements for Diverters for Plumbing 
Faucets with Hose Spray, Anti-Siphon Type, Residential Applications, 
ANSI/ASSE-1978; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (13) ASSE 1037-1990, Performance Requirements for Pressurized 
Flushing Devices (Flushometers) for Plumbing Fixtures, ANSI-approved 
1990; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (14) ASSE 1051, Performance Requirements for Air Admittance Valves 
for Plumbing Drainage Systems--Fixture and Branch Devices Revised 1996, 
ANSI-approved 1998; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (15) ASSE 1070-2004, Performance Requirements for Water Temperature 
Limiting Devices, 2004; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.604(c); 
3280.607(b).
    (m) APA--The Engineered Wood Association (APA) (formerly the 
American Plywood Association), 7011 South 19th Street, Tacoma, WA 
98411; telephone: 253-565-6600; fax: 253-565-7265; website: 
www.apawood.org.
    (1) APA D510C, Panel Design Specification, copyright 2012; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (2) APA E30P-1996, APA Design/Construction Guide, Residential and 
Commercial Structures; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (3) APA E30V, Engineered Wood Construction Guide, copyright 2011; 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (4) APA H815G, Plywood Design Specification Supplement 5-12, Design 
and Fabrication of All-Plywood Beams, December 2013; IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (5) APA S811P, Plywood Design Specification Supplement 1-12, Design 
and Fabrication of Plywood Curved Panels, December 2013; IBR approved 
for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (6) APA S812S, Plywood Design Specification Supplement 2-12, Design 
and Fabrication of Glued Plywood-Lumber Beams, December 2013; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (7) APA U813M, Plywood Design Specification Supplement 3-12, Design 
and Fabrication of Plywood Stressed-Skin Panels, December 2013; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (8) APA U814J, Plywood Design Specification Supplement 4-12, Design 
and Fabrication of Plywood Sandwiched Panels, December 2013; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (9) APA Y510, Plywood Design, January 1997; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.304(b).
    (n) ASTM, International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West 
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959; telephone:877-909-2786 (USA & Canada); 
fax: 610-832-9555; website: www.astm.org.
    (1) ASTM A53/A53M-12, Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black 
and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless, approved March 1, 
2012; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.604(c); 3280.703(b).
    (2) ASTM A74-92, Standard Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and 
Fittings, 1992; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (3) ASTM A539-99, Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-
Welded Coiled Steel Tubing for Gas and Fuel Oil Lines, 1999; IBR 
approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.703(b); 3280.705(b); 3280.706(b).
    (4) ASTM B42-10, Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe, 
Standard Sizes, approved October 1, 2010; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  
3280.604(c); 3280.703(c).
    (5) ASTM B43-91, Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass 
Pipe, Standard Sizes, 1991; IBR

[[Page 75740]]

approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.604(c); 3280.705(b).
    (6) ASTM B88-14, Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water 
Tube, approved September 1, 2014; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  
3280.604(c); 3280.703(c); 3280.705(b); 3280.706(b).
    (7) ASTM B251-10, Standard Specification for General Requirements 
for Wrought Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy Tube, approved October 1, 
2010; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.604(c); 3280.703(c).
    (8) ASTM B280-13, Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube 
for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Field Service, approved April 1, 
2013; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.703(c); 3280.705(b); 
3280.706(b).
    (9) ASTM B306-92, Standard Specification for Copper Drainage Tube 
(DWV), 1992; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (10) ASTM C564-97, Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets for 
Case Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings, approved December 10, 1997; IBR 
approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.604(c); 3280.611(d).
    (11) ASTM C920-02, Standard Specification for Elastomeric Joint 
Sealants, approved January 10, 2002; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.611(d).
    (12) ASTM C1396/C1396M-14a, Standard Specification for Gypsum 
Board, approved October 1, 2014; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (13) ASTM D781-68 (Reapproved 1973), Standard Test Methods for 
Puncture and Stiffness of Paperboard, and Corrugated and Solid 
Fiberboard, 1973; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.304(b); 3280.305(g).
    (14) ASTM D2235-88, Standard Specification for Solvent Cement for 
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe and Fittings, 1988; 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (15) ASTM D2564-91a, Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for 
Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping Systems, 1991; IBR approved 
for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (16) ASTM D2661-91, Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-
Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe 
and Fittings, 1991; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (17) ASTM D2665-91b, Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl 
Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings, 1991; 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (18) ASTM D2846-92, Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly 
(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution 
Systems, 1992; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (19) ASTM D3309-92a, Standard Specification for Polybutylene (PB) 
Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems, 1992; IBR approved 
for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (20) ASTM D3311-92, Standard Specification for Drain, Waste, and 
Vent (DWV) Plastic Fittings Patterns, 1992; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.604(c).
    (21) ASTM D3679-09a, Standard Specification for Rigid Poly (Vinyl 
Chloride) (PVC) Siding, approved November 1, 2009; IBR approved for 
Sec. Sec.  3280.304(b); 3280.309(b).
    (22) ASTM D3953-97, Standard Specification for Strapping, Flat 
Steel, and Seals, approved April 10, 1997; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  
3280.304(b); 3280.306(g).
    (23) ASTM D4442-07, Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture 
Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Base Materials, approved November 
15, 2007; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (24) ASTM D4444-13, Standard Test Method for Laboratory 
Standardization and Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture Meters, approved 
April 1, 2013; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (25) ASTM D4635-01, Standard Specification for Polyethylene Films 
Made from Low-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging 
Applications, approved June 10, 2001; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.611(d).
    (26) ASTM D4756-06, Standard Practice for Installation of Rigid 
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Siding and Soffit, approved April 1, 2006; 
IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.304(b); 3280.309(c).
    (27) ASTM D6007-14, Standard Test Method for Determining 
Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air from Wood Products Using a Small Air 
Chamber, approved October 1, 2014; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.406(b).
    (28) ASTM D7254-07, Standard Specification for Polypropylene (PP) 
Siding, January 1, 2007; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.304(b); 
3280.309(c).
    (29) ASTM E84-01, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning 
Characteristics of Building Materials, 2001; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.203(a).
    (30) ASTM E90-09, Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement 
of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and 
Elements, approved July 1, 2009; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.115(b).
    (31) ASTM E96/E96M-13, Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor 
Transmission of Materials, approved November 1, 2013; IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.504(a) and (c).
    (32) ASTM E119-14, Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building 
Construction and Materials, approved October 1, 2014; IBR approved for 
Sec. Sec.  3280.215(a) and (d); 3280.304(b); 3280.1003(a).
    (33) ASTM E162-94, Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of 
Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source, 1994; IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.203(a).
    (34) ASTM E492-09, Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement 
of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the 
Tapping Machine, approved April 1, 2009; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.115(b).
    (35) ASTM E773-97, Standard Test Methods for Accelerated Weathering 
of Sealed Insulating Glass Units, 1997; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.403(d).
    (36) ASTM E774-97, Standard Specification for the Classification of 
the Durability of Sealed Insulating Glass Units, 1997; IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.403(d).
    (37) ASTM E814-13, Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of 
Penetration Firestop Systems, approved November 1, 2013; IBR approved 
for Sec.  3280.215(d).
    (38) ASTM E1333-14, Standard Test Method for Determining 
Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air and Emission Rates from Wood 
Products Using a Large Air Chamber, approved October 1, 2014; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.406(b).
    (39) ASTM F628-91, Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-
Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40, Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent 
Pipe with a Cellular Core, 1991; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (40) ASTM F876-10, Standard Specification for Crosslinked 
Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing, approved February 10, 2010; IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (41) ASTM F877-07, Standard Specification for Crosslinked 
Polyethylene (PEX) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems, 
approved February 1, 2007; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (o) American Wood Council (AWC), 222 Catoctin Circle SE, Suite 201, 
Leesburg, VA 20175; telephone: 202-463-2766; website: www.awc.org.
    (1) AWC NDS-2015, National Design Specifications for Wood 
Construction with Supplement; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.215(a); 
3280.304(b):
    (i) ANSI/AWC NDS-2015, 2015 Edition, ANSI-approved September 30, 
2014; and
    (ii) NDS Supplement, Design Values for Wood Construction, 2015 
Edition, November 2014.
    (2) Span Tables for Joists and Rafters: American Softwood Lumber 
Standard (PS 20-10) Sizes, 2012 Edition (AWC-2012--Span Tables for 
Joists and Rafters); IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).

[[Page 75741]]

    (3) Design Values for Joists and Rafters, Supplement to Span Tables 
for Joists and Rafters (2012 Edition), March 2013 (AWC-2012 Design 
Values for Joists and Rafters); IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (p) Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute (CISPI), 1064 Delaware Avenue SE, 
Atlanta, GA 30316; telephone: 404-622-0073; fax: 404-973-2845; website: 
www.cispi.org/.
    (1) CISPI-301-90, Standard Specification for Hubless Cast Iron Soil 
Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent Piping 
Applications; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (2) CISPI-HSN-85, Specification for Neoprene Rubber Gaskets for HUB 
and Spigot Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings; IBR approved for 
Sec. Sec.  3280.604(c), 3280.611(d).
    (q) Composite Panel Association (formerly the American Hardboard 
Association), 19465 Deerfield Ave, Suite 306, Leesburg, VA 20176; 
telephone: 703-724-1128; website: compositepanel.org.
    (1) ANSI A135.4-2012, Basic Hardboard, approved June 8, 2012; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (2) ANSI A135.5-2012, Prefinished Hardboard Paneling, approved 
March 29, 2012; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (3) ANSI A135.6-2012 (R2020), Engineered Wood Siding, Reaffirmation 
approved March 13, 2020; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (4) ANSI A208.1-2009, Particleboard, approved February 2, 2009; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (r) CSA Group, formerly known as the Canadian Standards Association 
(CSA), 178 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, ON, M9W 1R3, Canada; telephone: 
216-524-4990; website: www.csagroup.org.
    (1) AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-17, North American Fenestration 
Standard/Specification for Windows, Doors, and Skylights, revised 
September 2018; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.304(b); 3280.403(b) 
and (e); 3280.404(b) and (e); 3280.405(b) and (e).
    (2) ANSI LC 1-2014/CSA 6.26-2014, Fuel gas piping systems using 
corrugated stainless steel tubing, Published March 2014 (ANSI LC 1); 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.705(b).
    (3) ANSI Z21.1-2016/CSA 1.1-2016, household cooking gas appliances, 
Published February 2016 (ANSI Z21.1); IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.703(a).
    (4) ANSI Z21.5.1-2015/CSA 7.1-2015, gas clothes dryers, volume I, 
type 1 clothes dryers, Published January 2015 (ANSI Z21.5.1); IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.703(a).
    (5) ANSI Z21.10.1-2014/CSA 4.1-2014, Gas water heaters, volume I, 
storage water heaters with input ratings of 75,000 BTU per hour or 
less, Published November 2014 (ANSI Z21.10.1); IBR approved for 
Sec. Sec.  3280.703(a); 3280.707(d).
    (6) ANSI Z21.10.3-2014/CSA 4.3-2014, Gas-fired water heaters, 
volume III, storage water heaters with input ratings above 75,000 BTU 
per hour, circulating and instantaneous, Published August 2014 (ANSI 
Z21.10.3); IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703(a).
    (7) ANSI Z21.15-2009 (reaffirmed 2019)/CSA 9.1-2009 (reaffirmed 
2019), American National Standard/CSA Standard for Manually Operated 
Gas Valves for Appliances, Appliance Connector Valves and Hose End 
Valves, Second Edition--2009, Published July 2009 (ANSI Z21.15); IBR 
approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.703(c); 3280.705(c) and (l).
    (8) ANSI Z21.19-2014/CSA1.4-2014, Refrigerators using gas fuel, 
Published May 2014 (ANSI Z21.19); IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703(a).
    (9) ANSI Z21.20-2014 (reaffirmed 2019)/CAN/CSA C22.2 No.60730-2-5-
14 (reaffirmed 2019), Automatic electrical controls for household and 
similar use--Part 2-5: Particular requirements for automatic electrical 
burner control systems, Reprinted September 30, 2019 (ANSI Z21.20); IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.703(d).
    (10) ANSI Z21.21-2012/CSA 6.5-2012, Automatic valves for gas 
appliances, Fourth Edition--2012, Published November 2012 (ANSI 
Z21.21); IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703(d).
    (11) ANSI Z21.23, Gas Appliance Thermostats and addenda; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.703(d):
    (i) ANSI Z21.23-2000, Tenth Edition--2000, ANSI-approved September 
27, 2000;
    (ii) ANSI Z21.23a-2003, Addenda to the Tenth Edition of Gas 
Appliance Thermostats, ANSI-approved September 17, 2003; and
    (iii) ANSI Z21.23b-2005, Addenda to the Tenth Edition of ANSI 
Z21.23-2000 and Addenda Z21.23a-2003: Gas Appliance Thermostats, ANSI-
approved March 9, 2005.
    (12) ANSI Z21.24-2006/CSA 6.10-2006 (reaffirmed 2011), Connectors 
for Gas Appliances, Third Edition--2006, Published February 2007 (ANSI 
Z21.24); IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703(c).
    (13) ANSI Z21.40.1-1996/CGA 2.91-M96, Gas-Fired, Heat Activated Air 
Conditioning and Heat Pump Appliances); IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  
3280.703(a); 3280.714(a).
    (14) ANSI Z21.47-2012/CSA 2.3-2012, Gas-fired central furnaces, 
Sixth Edition--2012, ANSI-approved March 27, 2012 (ANSI Z21.47); IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.703(a).
    (15) ANSI Z21.75-2007/CSA 6.27-2007 (reaffirmed 2012), Connectors 
for Outdoor Gas Appliances And Manufactured Homes, Second Edition, 
Published 2007 (ANSI Z21.75); IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703(a).
    (s) Decorative Hardwoods Association (formerly HPVA), 42777 Trade 
West Drive, Sterling, VA 20166; telephone: 703-435-2900; fax: 703-435-
2537; website: www.decorativehardwoods.org.
    (1) ANSI/HPVA HP-1-2009, American National Standard for Hardwood 
and Decorative Plywood, approved January 26, 2010; IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (2) HP-SG-96, Structural Design Guide for Hardwood Plywood Wall 
Panels, revised 1996; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (t) FS--Federal Specifications, General Services Administration, 
Specifications Branch, Room 6039, GSA Building, 7th and D Streets SW, 
Washington, DC 20407.
    (1) FS WW-P-541E/GEN-1980, Plumbing Fixtures (General 
Specifications); IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (2) FS ZZ-R-765B-1970, Silicone Rubber, (with 1971 Amendment); IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.611(d).
    (3) TT-P-1536A, Plumbing Fixture Setting Compound, July 8, 1975; 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (u) Fenestration and Glazing Industry Alliance (FGIA) (formerly 
known as American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA)), 1900 
E Golf Road, Schaumburg, Illinois 60173; website: www.fgiaonline.org.
    (1) AAMA 1503.1-88, Voluntary Test Method for Thermal Transmittance 
and Condensation Resistance of Windows, Doors, and Glazed Wall 
Sections; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.508(e).
    (2) AAMA 1600/I.S.7-00, Voluntary Specification for Skylights, 
2003; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.305(c).
    (3) AAMA 1701.2-12, Voluntary Standard for Utilization in 
Manufactured Housing for Primary Windows and Sliding Glass Doors, 
published November 2012; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.403(b) and 
(e); 3280.404(b) and (e).
    (4) AAMA 1702.2-12, Voluntary Standard for Utilization in 
Manufactured Housing for Swinging Exterior Passage Doors, published 
November 2012, including errata dated February 16, 2015 and March 29, 
2017; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.403(e); 3280.405(b) and (e).
    (5) AAMA 1704-12, Voluntary Standard Egress Window Systems for 
Utilization in Manufactured Housing,

[[Page 75742]]

published November 2012; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.404(b) and (e).
    (v) HUD User, 11491 Sunset Hills Road, Reston, VA 20190-5254; 
telephone: 800-245-2691; website: www.huduser.gov.
    (1) HUD User No. 0005945, Overall U-values and Heating/Cooling 
Loads--Manufactured Homes, February 1992; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.508(b).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (w) IIT Research Institute (IITRI), 10 West 35th Street, Chicago, 
IL 60616; telephone: 312-567-4000; website: www.iitri.org/.
    (1) IITRI Fire and Safety Research Project J-6461 ``Development of 
Mobile Home Fire Test Methods to Judge the Fire-Safe Performance of 
Foam Plastic Sheathing and Cavity Insulation'', 1979; IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.207(a).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (x) International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials 
(IAPMO), 4755 East Philadelphia Street, Ontario, CA 91716; telephone: 
909-472-4100; fax: 909-472-4150; website: www.iapmo.org.
    (1) IAPMO PS 2-89, Material and Property Standard for Cast Brass 
and Tubing P-Traps. 1989; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (2) IAPMO PS 4-90, Material and Property Standard for Drains for 
Prefabricated and Precast Showers, 1990; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.604(c).
    (3) IAPMO PS 5-84, Material and Property Standard for Special Cast 
Iron Fittings, 1984; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (4) IAPMO PS 9-84, Material and Property Standard for Diversion 
Tees and Twin Waste Elbow, 1984; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (5) IAPMO PS 14-89, Material and Property Standard for Flexible 
Metallic Water Connectors, 1989; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (6) IAPMO PS 23-89, Material and Property Standard for Dishwasher 
Drain Airgaps, 1989; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (7) IAPMO PS 31-91, Material and Property Standards for Backflow 
Prevention Assemblies, 1989; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (8) IAPMO TS 9-2003, Standard for Gas Supply Connectors for 
Manufactured Homes, revised 2003; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703(c).
    (9) IAPMO TSC 22-85, Standard for Porcelain Enameled Formed Steel 
Plumbing Fixtures; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (y) International Code Council Evaluation Service (ICC-ES), 3060 
Saturn Street, Suite 100, Brea, CA 92821; telephone: 800-423-6587; fax: 
562-695-4694; website: www.icc-es.org.
    (1) ESR 1539, ICC-ES Evaluation Report; Power Driven Staples and 
Nails, reissued June 2014; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (z) International Organization for Standardization, Chemin de 
Blandonnet 8, CP 401--1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland; telephone: +41 
22 749 01 11; website: www.iso.org.
    (1) ISO/IEC 17065:2012(E) Conformity assessment--requirements for 
bodies certifying products, processes and services, approved September 
15, 2012; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.403(e); 3280.404(e); 
3280.405(e).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (aa) Military Specifications and Standards, Naval Publications and 
Forms Center (MIL), 5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19120; website: 
www.dsp.dla.mil/.
    (1) MIL-L-10547E-1975, Liners, Case, and Sheet, Overwrap; Water-
Vapor Proof or Waterproof, Flexible, 1975; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.611(d).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (bb) National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), 1300 
North 17th Street, Suite 1752, Arlington, VA 22209; telephone: 703-841-
3200; fax: 703-841-5900; website: www.nema.org/Pages/default.aspx.
    (1) ANSI/NEMA WD-6-1997 Wiring Devices-Dimensional Specifications, 
1997; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.803(f).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (cc) National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC), 6305 Ivy Lane, 
Suite 140, Greenbelt, MD 20770; telephone: 301-589-1776; fax: 301-589-
3884; website: www.nfrc.org.
    (1) NFRC 100, Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product U-
factors, 1997 Edition, 1997; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.508(e).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (dd) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch 
Park, Quincy, MA 02269; telephone: 617-770-3000; fax: 617-770-0700; 
website: www.nfpa.org.
    (1) NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in 
One- and Two- Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes, 2010 Edition, 
approved August 26, 2009; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.214(b), (e) and 
(o).
    (2) NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning 
Equipment, 2011 Edition, approved January 3, 2011; IBR approved for 
Sec. Sec.  3280.703(d); 3280.707(f).
    (3) NFPA 54/ANSI Z223.1, National Fuel Gas Code, 2015 Edition, 
approved September 3, 2014; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703(d).
    (4) NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code, 2014 Edition, approved 
August 1, 2013; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703(d).
    (5) NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, 2014 Edition, approved 
August 21, 2013; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.607(c); 3280.801(b); 
3280.803(k); 3280.804(a) and (k); 3280.805(a); 3280.806(a) and (d); 
3280.807(c); 3280.808(a), (l), and (p); 3280.810(b); 3280.811(b).
    (6) NFPA 90B, Standard for the Installation of Warm Air Heating and 
Air-Conditioning Systems, 2015 Edition, approved May 19, 2015; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.703(d).
    (7) NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction, Chapter 
2: definitions of ``limited combustible'' and ``noncombustible 
material'', 1995 Edition; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.202.
    (8) NFPA 253, Standard Method of Test for Critical Radiant Flux of 
Floor Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source, 2000; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.207(c).
    (9) NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning 
Characteristics of Building Materials, 1996; IBR approved for 
Sec. Sec.  3280.203(a); 3280.207(a).
    (10) NFPA 720, Standard for Installation of Carbon Monoxide 
Detection (CO) Detection and Warning Equipment, 2015 Edition, Copyright 
2014; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.211(b).
    (ee) U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards 
and Technology (NIST), Office of Engineering Standards, Room A-166, 
Technical Building, Washington, DC 20234 and Voluntary Product 
Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 2100, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-2100; 
telephone: 301-975-4000; fax: 301-975-4715; website: www.nist.gov.
    (1) Voluntary Product Standard PS 1-09, Structural Plywood (With 
Typical APA Trademarks), effective May 1, 2009 (NIST PS 1); IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (2) Voluntary Product Standard PS 2-04, Performance Standard for 
Wood-Based Structural-Use Panels, December 2004 (NIST PS 2); IBR 
approval for Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (ff) National Sanitation Foundation (NSF), 789 North Dixboro Road, 
Ann Arbor, MI 48105; telephone: 734-769-8010 fax: 734-769-0109; 
website: www.nsf.org.
    (1) ANSI/NSF 14-1990, Plastic Piping Components and Related 
Materials; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (2) ANSI/NSF 24-1988, Plumbing System Components for Manufactured 
Homes and Recreational Vehicles; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(c).
    (3) ANSI/NSF 61-2001, Drinking Water System Components-Health 
Effects; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.604(b).
    (gg) Resources, Applications, Designs, & Controls (RADCO), 3220 
East 59th

[[Page 75743]]

Street, Long Beach, CA 90805; telephone: 562-272-7231; fax: 562-529-
7513; website: www.radcoinc.com.
    (1) RADCO DS-010-91, Decorative Gas Appliances for Installation in 
Solid Fuel Burning Fireplaces, May 1991; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.703(a).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (hh) Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Drive, 
Warrendale, PA 15096; telephone: 724-776-0790; website: www.sae.org/.
    (1) SAE J533 (REV SEP 2007), (R) Flares for Tubing, revised 
September 2007; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.703(d); 3280.705(f).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (ii) Steel Joist Institute (SJI), 234 West Cheves Street, Florence, 
SC 29501; telephone: 843-407-4091; website: www.steeljoist.org.
    (1) SJI 1994, Standard Specifications Load Tables and Weight Tables 
for Steel Joists and Girders, Fortieth Edition, 1994; IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.304(b).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (jj) Truss Plate Institute (TPI), 2670 Crain Highway, Suite 203, 
Waldorf, MD 20601; telephone: 240-587-5582; fax: 866-501-4012; website: 
www.tpinst.org.
    (1) TPI 1, National Design Standard for Metal Plate Connected Wood 
Truss Construction, Commentary, and Appendices, copyright 2008; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.304(b):
    (i) ANSI/TPI 1-2007;
    (ii) TPI 1-2007 Commentary and Appendices.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (kk) Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. (UL), 333 Pfingsten Road, 
Northbrook, IL 60062; telephone: 847-272-8800; fax: 847-509-6257; 
website: www.ul.com.
    (1) UL 94-1996, with 2001 revisions, Test for Flammability of 
Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances, Fifth Edition; 
IBR approved for Sec.  3280.715(e).
    (2) UL 103, Standard for Safety, Factory-Built Chimneys for 
Residential Type and Building Heating Appliances, Eleventh Edition, 
dated October 15, 2010; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703(d).
    (3) UL 109, Tube Fittings for Flammable and Combustible Fluids, 
Refrigeration Service, and Marine Use, Sixth Edition, dated June 19, 
1997, including revisions through January 11, 2005; IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.703(d).
    (4) UL 127-1996, with 1999 revisions, Factory-Built Fireplaces, 
Seventh Edition; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703(d).
    (5) UL 174, Standard for Safety Household Electric Storage Tank 
Water Heaters, Eleventh Edition, dated April 29, 2004, including 
revisions through December 15, 2016; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.703(a).
    (6) UL 181, Standard for Safety Factory-Made Air Ducts and Air 
Connectors, Eleventh Edition, dated July 25, 2013, including revisions 
through April 18, 2017; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.702, 
3280.703(d); 3280.715(a) and (e).
    (7) UL 181A, Standard for Safety Closure Systems for Use with Rigid 
Air Ducts, Fourth Edition, dated January 8, 2013, including revisions 
through March 22, 2017; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.703(d); 
3280.715(c).
    (8) UL 181B, Standard for Safety Closure Systems for use with 
Flexible Air Ducts and Air Connectors, First Edition, 1995, with 1998 
revisions; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.703(d); 3280.715(c).
    (9) UL 217, Single and Multiple Station Smoke Alarms, Fifth 
Edition, dated January 4, 1999; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  
3280.209(a); 3280.211(a).
    (10) UL 263, Standard for Safety Fire Tests of Building 
Construction and Materials, Fourteenth Edition, dated June 21, 2011, 
including revisions through January 31, 2019; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.215(a) and (d).
    (11) UL 268, Smoke Detectors for Fire Protective Signaling Systems, 
Fourth Edition, dated December 30, 1996, including revisions through 
January 4, 1999; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.209(a); 3280.703(a).
    (12) UL 307A, Liquid Fuel Burning Heating Appliances for 
Manufactured Homes and Recreational Vehicles, Eighth Edition, dated 
February 25, 2009; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.703(a); 
3280.707(f).
    (13) UL 307B, Gas Burning Heating Appliances for Manufactured Homes 
and Recreational Vehicles, Fifth Edition, dated October 31, 2006, 
including revisions through September 17, 2013; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.703(a).
    (14) UL 311, Roof Jacks for Manufactured Homes and Recreational 
Vehicles, Eighth Edition, 1994, with 1998 revisions; IBR approved for 
Sec.  3280.703(d).
    (15) UL 441, Gas Vents, Tenth Edition, dated March 5, 2010, 
including revisions through June 12, 2014; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.703(d).
    (16) UL 499, Standard for Safety Electric Heating Appliances, 
Fourteenth Edition, dated November 7, 2014, including revisions through 
February 23, 2017; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703(a).
    (17) UL 569, Standard for Safety Pigtails and Flexible Hose 
Connectors for LP-Gas, 2013; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.703(d); 
3280.705(l).
    (18) UL 737, Fireplace Stoves, Eighth Edition, 1996, with 2000 
revisions; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703(d).
    (19) UL 923 Microwave Cooking Appliances, Fifth Edition, May 23, 
2002; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.204(c).
    (20) UL 1042, Standards for Safety Electric Baseboard Heating 
Equipment, Fifth Edition, dated August 31, 2009, including revisions 
through December 14, 2016; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703(a).
    (21) UL 1096, Electric Central Air Heating Equipment, Fourth 
Edition, 1986, with revisions July 16, 1986, and January 30, 1988; IBR 
approved for Sec.  3280.703(a).
    (22) UL 1479, Fire Tests of Penetration Firestops, Fourth Edition, 
dated June 10, 2015; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.215(d).
    (23) UL 1482, Solid-Fuel Type Room Heaters, Fifth Edition, 1996, 
with 2000 revisions; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703(d).
    (24) UL 2021-1997. Fixed and Location-Dedicated Electric Room 
Heaters, Second Edition, with 1998 revisions; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.703(a).
    (25) UL 2034, Standard for Safety Single and Multiple Station 
Carbon Monoxide Alarms, Fourth Edition, dated March 31, 2017; IBR 
approved for Sec. Sec.  3280.209(a); 3280.211(a); 3280.703(a).
    (26) UL 60335-2-40-2012, Standard for Safety: Household and Similar 
Electrical Appliances--Part 2-40: Particular Requirements for 
Electrical Heat Pumps, Air-Conditioners and Dehumidifiers, First 
Edition, dated November 30, 2012; IBR approved for Sec.  3280.703(a).
    (ll) Underwriters' Laboratories of Canada (ULC), 7 Underwriters 
Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1 R 3A9; telephone: 866-937-3852; fax: 
416-757-8727; website: www.ul.com/canada/eng/pages/.
    (1) CAN/ULC S102.2-M88, Standard Method of Test for Surface Burning 
Characteristics of Floor Coverings and Miscellaneous Materials and 
Assemblies, Fourth Edition, April 1988; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.207(b).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (mm) Window and Door Manufacturers Association (WDMA), 2001 K 
Street NW, 3rd Floor North, Washington, DC 20006; telephone: 202-367-
1157; website: www.wdma.com.
    (1) WDMA I.S.4-09, Industry Specification for Preservative 
Treatment for Millwork, copyright 2009; IBR approved for Sec.  
3280.405(c).
    (2) [Reserved]

0
4. Amend Sec.  3280.5 by revising the first sentence of the 
introductory text to read as follows:

[[Page 75744]]

Sec.  3280.5  Data plate.

    Each dwelling unit of a manufactured home must bear a data plate 
affixed in a permanent manner near the main electrical panel or other 
readily accessible and visible location. * * *
* * * * *

0
5. Revise Sec.  3280.102 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.102  Definitions.

    Air, exhaust means air discharged from any space to the outside by 
an exhaust system.
    Air, outdoor means air from outside the building taken into a 
ventilation system or air from outside the building that enters a space 
through infiltration or natural ventilation openings.
    Exhaust system means one or more exhaust fans that remove air from 
the building, causing outdoor air to enter by ventilation inlets or 
normal leakage paths through the building envelope.
    Gross floor area means all space, wall to wall, including recessed 
entries not to exceed five (5) square feet and areas under built-in 
vanities and similar furniture. When the ceiling height is less than 
that specified in Sec.  3280.104, the floor area under such ceilings 
must not be included in the gross floor area. Floor area of closets 
must also not be included in the gross floor area.
    Habitable room means a room or enclosed floor space arranged for 
living, eating, food preparation, or sleeping purposes not including 
bathrooms, foyers, hallways, and other accessory floor space.
    Laundry area means an area containing or designed to contain a 
laundry tray, clothes washer and/or clothes dryer.
    Mechanical ventilation means the active process of supplying air to 
or removing air from an indoor space by powered equipment such as 
motor-driven fans and blowers but not by devices such as wind-turbine 
ventilators and mechanically operated windows.
    Natural ventilation means ventilation occurring as a result of 
natural forces, such as wind pressure or differences in air density, 
through intentional openings such as open windows or doors.
    Supply system means one or more fans that supply outdoor air to the 
building, causing indoor air to leave by normal air leakage through the 
building envelope.
    Ventilation means the process of supplying outdoor air to or 
removing indoor air from the manufactured home by natural or mechanical 
means. Such air may or may not have been conditioned.

0
6. Amend Sec.  3280.103 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (b) introductory text, (b)(1) and (3), (c)(2) 
and (3), and (d); and
0
b. Adding paragraph (e).
    The revisions and addition read as follows:


Sec.  3280.103  Light and ventilation.

* * * * *
    (b) Whole-house ventilation. Each dwelling unit of a manufactured 
home must be provided with a whole-house mechanical ventilation having 
the capability to provide a minimum capacity of 0.035 ft\3\/min/ft\2\ 
of interior floor space or its hourly average equivalent. This 
ventilation capacity must be in addition to any openable window area. 
In no case shall the installed ventilation capacity of the system be 
less than 50 cfm. The following criteria must be adhered to:
    (1) The ventilation capacity must be provided by a mechanical 
ventilation system or a combination natural and mechanical ventilation 
system.
* * * * *
    (3) The ventilation supply system or a portion of the ventilation 
supply system is permitted to be integral with the home's heating or 
cooling system. The supply system must be capable of operating 
independently of the heating and cooling modes. A mechanical 
ventilation supply system that is integral with the heating and cooling 
system is to be listed as part of the heating and cooling system or 
listed as suitable for use with that system.
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) Kitchens must be provided with a local exhaust system that is 
capable of exhausting 100 cfm to the outside of the home. The local 
exhaust system must be located as close as possible to the range or 
cook top, but in no case farther than 3 feet horizontally from the 
range or cooktop.
    (3) Each bathroom and separate toilet compartment must be provided 
with a local exhaust system capable of exhausting 50 cfm to the outside 
of the home. A separate toilet compartment may be provided with 1.5 
square feet of openable glazed area in place of a local exhaust system, 
except in Uo value Zone 3.
    (d) Optional ventilation provisions. As an option to complying with 
the provisions of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, ventilation 
systems complying with ANSI/ASHRAE 62.2 (incorporated by reference, see 
Sec.  3280.4) may be used.
    (e) Airflow rating. During the design stage, the airflow rating at 
a pressure of 0.25 inch water column may be used, provided the duct 
sizing meets the prescriptive requirements of table 5.3 in ANSI/ASHRAE 
62.2 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4) or ventilation 
system manufacturer's design criteria.

0
7. Amend Sec.  3280.105 by revising paragraphs (a) introductory text, 
(a)(2)(i), and (b)(2) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.105  Exit facilities; exterior doors.

    (a) Number and location of exterior doors. Each dwelling unit of a 
manufactured home must have a minimum of two exterior doors located 
remotely from each other.
* * * * *
    (2) * * *
    (i) Both of the required doors must not be in the same room. Rooms 
are defined by their use or purpose.
* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) All exterior swinging doors must provide a minimum 28 inch wide 
by 74 inch high clear opening. Door seals and/or door stops are 
permitted to reduce the opening, either vertically or horizontally, by 
a maximum of one inch, except for the one egress door where door seals 
and/or door stops are not permitted to reduce the opening. All exterior 
sliding glass doors must provide a minimum 28 inch wide by 72 inch high 
clear opening. At least one exterior egress door must provide a minimum 
of 32 inch wide by 74 inch high clear opening and door seals and/or 
door stops are not permitted to reduce the opening.
* * * * *

0
8. Amend Sec.  3280.109 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.109  Room requirements.

    (a) Each dwelling unit of a manufactured home must have at least 
one living area with a minimum of 150 square feet of gross floor area.
* * * * *

0
9. Revise Sec.  3280.112 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.112  Hallways.

    Hallways must have a minimum horizontal dimension of 28 inches 
measured from the interior finished surface to the interior finished 
surface of the opposite wall. For manufactured homes with 14 feet of 
inside width or more, hallways must have a minimum horizontal dimension 
of 30 inches measured from the interior finished surface to the 
interior finished surface of the opposite wall. When appliances are 
installed in a laundry area, the measurement must be from the front of 
the appliance to the opposite finished

[[Page 75745]]

interior surface. When appliances are not installed and a laundry area 
is provided, the area must have a minimum clear depth of 27 inches in 
addition to the 28 inches, or 30 inches for manufactured homes with 14 
feet of inside width or greater, required for passage. In addition, a 
notice of the available clearance for washer/dryer units must be posted 
in the laundry area. Minor protrusions into the minimum hallway width 
by doorknobs, trim, smoke alarms or light fixtures are permitted.

0
10. Amend Sec.  3280.113 by revising paragraph (d) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.113  Glass and glazed openings.

* * * * *
    (d) Safety glazing is any glazing material capable of meeting the 
requirements of Consumer Product Safety Commission 16 CFR part 1201, or 
ANSI Z97.1 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *

0
11. Add Sec.  3280.115 to subpart B to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.115  Sound transmission between multi-dwelling unit 
manufactured homes.

    (a) Scope. This section applies to common interior walls, 
partitions, and floor/ceiling assemblies between adjacent dwelling 
units.
    (b) Air-borne sound. Walls, partitions, and floor/ceiling 
assemblies between stories separating dwelling units from each other 
must have a sound transmission class (STC) of not less than 34 for air-
borne noise when tested in accordance with ASTM E90 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4) or calculated. Penetrations or openings in 
construction assemblies for piping; electrical devices; recessed 
cabinets; bathtubs; soffits; or heating, ventilating, or exhaust ducts 
must be sealed, lined, insulated or otherwise treated to maintain the 
required ratings. This requirement does not apply to dwelling unit 
entrance doors; however, such doors must be tight fitting to the frame 
and sill.
    (c) Structure-borne sound. Floor/ceiling assemblies between stories 
separating dwelling units must have an impact insulation class (IIC) 
rating of not less than 34 when tested in accordance with ASTM E492 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).

0
12. Amend Sec.  3280.203 by revising paragraph (c)(1)(ii) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3280.203  Flame spread limitations and fire protection 
requirements.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (ii) Exposed bottoms and sides of kitchen cabinets as required by 
Sec.  3280.204 except that non-horizontal surfaces above the horizontal 
plane formed by the bottom of the range hood are not considered 
exposed;
* * * * *

0
13. Amend Sec.  3280.204 by revising the first sentence of paragraph 
(a) and adding paragraph (f) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.204  Kitchen cabinet protection.

    (a) The exposed bottom and sides of combustible kitchen cabinets 
over cooking ranges to a horizontal distance of 6 inches from the 
outside edge of the cooking range must be protected with at least \5/
16\ inch thick gypsum board or equivalent limited combustible material. 
* * *
* * * * *
    (f) Range hood finish materials must be installed with at least \5/
16\ inch thick gypsum board or equivalent limited combustible material 
between the metal range hood and finish materials. Except for sealants 
and other trim materials 2 inches or less in width, finish materials 
shall have a flame spread rating not exceeding the Flame Spread Index 
of 200.

0
14. Amend Sec.  3280.209 by revising paragraph (a) read as follows:


Sec.  3280.209  Smoke alarm requirements.

    (a) Labeling. Each smoke alarm required under paragraph (b) of this 
section must conform with the requirements of UL 217 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4) or UL 268 (incorporated by reference, see 
Sec.  3280.4), and must bear a label to evidence conformance. 
Combination smoke and carbon monoxide alarms shall be listed and must 
bear a label to evidence conformance with UL 217 and UL 2034.
* * * * *

0
15. Amend Sec.  3280.211 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.211  Carbon monoxide alarm requirements.

    (a) Labeling. Carbon monoxide alarms shall be listed and must bear 
a label to evidence conformance with UL 2034 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4). Combination carbon monoxide and smoke 
alarms shall be listed and must bear a label to evidence conformance 
with UL 2034 and UL 217 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *

0
16. Add Sec. Sec.  3280.214 through 3280.216 to subpart C to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3280.214  Fire sprinkler system requirements.

    (a) General. (1) Fire sprinkler systems are not required by this 
subpart; however, when a manufacturer installs a fire sprinkler system 
as an optional feature selected by the consumer or to meet State or 
local laws and regulations, this section establishes the requirements 
for the installation of a fire sprinkler system in a manufactured home.
    (2) This section applies to both stand-alone and multipurpose fire 
sprinkler systems that do not include the use of antifreeze.
    (3) A back-flow preventer is not required to separate a stand-alone 
sprinkler system from the water distribution system.
    (b) Design. The design of the fire sprinkler system itself shall be 
in accordance with NFPA 13D (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4) or a design which is deemed to be equivalent to the design 
method used in NFPA 13D.
    (c) Sprinkler location. Sprinklers must be installed to protect all 
areas inside the manufactured home except:
    (1) Attics and normally unoccupied concealed spaces;
    (2) Closets not exceeding 24 square feet in area, with the smallest 
dimension not greater than three feet and having at least one base 
layer of minimum 5/16 inch thick gypsum board on wall and ceiling 
surfaces;
    (3) Bathrooms not more than 55 square feet in area;
    (4) Garages, carports, open attached porches and similar 
structures; and
    (5) Closets or alcoves containing heat-producing appliance, 
regardless of size if the closet or alcove complies with Sec.  
3280.203(b)(3).
    (d) Sprinklers. Sprinklers shall be new, listed residential 
sprinklers and shall be installed in accordance with the sprinkler 
manufacturer's installation instructions.
    (e) Temperature rating and separation from heat sources. Sprinklers 
are to have a temperature rating and be separated from heat sources as 
follows:
    (1) Sprinklers separated from heat sources as required by the 
sprinkler manufacturer's installation instructions are to a have a 
temperature rating of no less than 135 [deg]F (57 [deg]C) and not more 
than 170 [deg]F (77 [deg]C).

[[Page 75746]]

    (2) Sprinklers located within the distance to a heat source as 
specified in table 7.5.5.3 of NFPA 13D (incorporated by reference, see 
Sec.  3280.4) are to have an intermediate temperature rating not less 
than 175 [deg]F (79 [deg]C) and not more than 225 [deg]F (107 [deg]C) 
when installed in the following locations:
    (i) Attics;
    (ii) Concealed spaces located directly beneath a roof; and
    (iii) Directly under skylights where the sprinkler is exposed to 
direct sunlight.
    (f) Freezing areas. Piping must be protected from freezing as 
required by Sec.  3280.603(b)(4). Where sprinklers are required in 
areas subject to freezing, dry-sidewall or dry-pendent sprinklers 
extending from nonfreezing area into a freezing area, must be 
installed.
    (g) Sprinkler area of coverage. The area of coverage of a single 
sprinkler shall not exceed 400 square feet and shall be based on the 
sprinkler listing and the sprinkler manufacturer's installation 
instructions. Sprinkler discharge shall not be blocked by obstructions 
unless additional sprinklers are installed to protect the obstructed 
area. Sprinkler separation from obstructions shall comply with the 
minimum distances specified in the sprinkler manufacturer's 
instructions. Pendent sprinklers within 3 feet of the center of a 
ceiling fan, surface-mounted ceiling light or other similar object 
shall be considered to be obstructed and additional sprinklers shall be 
installed, except that in all closets 50 square feet or less in size, 
one sprinkler shall be sufficient. Sidewall sprinklers within 5 feet of 
the center of a ceiling fan, surface-mounted ceiling light or other 
similar object shall be considered to be obstructed and additional 
sprinklers shall be installed.
    (h) Sprinkler installation on systems assembled with solvent 
cement. The solvent cementing of threaded adapter fittings shall be 
completed and threaded adapters for sprinklers shall be verified as 
being clear of excess cement prior to the installation of sprinklers on 
systems assembled with solvent cement.
    (i) Painting, caulking or modifying sprinklers is prohibited. 
Painted, caulked, modified, or damaged sprinklers shall be replaced.
    (j) Sprinkler piping support. Sprinkler piping shall be supported 
in accordance with Sec.  3280.608. Sprinkler piping must comply with 
all requirements for cold-water distribution piping. For multipurpose 
piping systems, the sprinkler piping shall connect to and be part of 
the cold-water distribution piping system. Nonmetallic pipe and tubing, 
such as CPVC and PEX, shall be listed for use in residential fire 
sprinkler systems. Nonmetallic pipe and tubing systems shall be 
protected from exposure to the living space by a layer of not less than 
\5/16\ inch thick gypsum wallboard, 1/2 inch thick plywood, or other 
material having a 15 minute fire rating. Pipe protection shall not be 
required where exposed piping is permitted by the pipe listing and in 
areas that do not require protection with sprinklers as specified in 
paragraph (c) of this section.
    (k) Shutoff valves. Shutoff valves shall not be installed in any 
location where the valve would isolate piping serving one or more 
sprinklers, except for shutoff valves installed for the entire water 
distribution system.
    (l) Means of drainage. A means to drain the sprinkler system shall 
be provided on the system side of the water supply inlet.
    (m) Minimum flow rate. The sprinkler system must provide at least 
the flow rate required to produce a minimum discharge density of 0.05 
gpm/ft\2\ from each sprinkler and be determined by using the sprinkler 
manufacturer's published data for the specific sprinkler model based on 
the area of coverage, ceiling configuration, temperature rating and any 
other conditions specified by the sprinkler manufacturer.
    (n) Design flow rate. The design flow rate for the sprinkler system 
shall be based on the following:
    (1) The design flow rate for a room having only one sprinkler shall 
be the flow rate required for that sprinkler, as determined by 
paragraph (m) of this section.
    (2) The design flow rate for a room having two or more sprinklers 
shall be determined by identifying the sprinkler in that room with the 
highest required flow rate, based on paragraph (m) of this section, and 
multiplying that flow rate by two.
    (3) Where the sprinkler manufacturer's instructions specify 
different criteria for ceiling configurations that are not smooth, flat 
and horizontal, the required design flow rate for the room shall comply 
with the sprinkler manufacturer's instructions.
    (4) The design flow rate for the sprinkler system shall be the flow 
required by the room with the largest flow rate, based on paragraph 
(n)(1), (2), or (3) of this section.
    (5) For the purposes of this section, it shall be permissible to 
reduce the design flow rate for a room by subdividing the space into 
two or more rooms, where each room is evaluated separately with respect 
to the required design flow rate. Walls and a ceiling shall bound each 
room. Openings in walls shall have a lintel (header) not less than 8 
inches in depth and each lintel shall form a solid barrier between the 
ceiling and the top of the opening.
    (o) Pipe sizing and minimum required supply pressure. (1) The 
piping to sprinklers shall be sized for the flow required by paragraph 
(n) of this section. The flow rate required to supply the plumbing 
fixtures shall not be required to be added to the sprinkler design flow 
rate. The minimum pipe size from the water supply inlet to any 
sprinkler shall be \3/4\ inch diameter. Threaded adapter fittings at 
the point where sprinklers are attached to the piping shall be a 
minimum of \1/2\ inch diameter.
    (2) Piping shall be sized by determining the Available Pressure to 
offset friction loss in piping and identifying a piping material, 
diameter and length in accordance with the following:
    (i) Minimum supply pressure required. The following equation shall 
be used to determine the required supply pressure at the fire sprinkler 
system supply inlet.

Equation 1 to Paragraph (o)(2)(i):

PSUP = PT+PLE+PSP

Where:

PSUP = Pressure required at the fire sprinkler system supply inlet. 
(Note: This is the pressure which is entered on the Fire Sprinkler 
System Certificate under ``Minimum Water Supply Required.'')
PT = Pressure loss in the fire sprinkler system piping.
PLE = Pressure loss from elevation change. (Note: Normally 4.4 psi 
for single story houses and 8.7 psi for two story houses).
PSP = Maximum pressure required by a sprinkler.

    (ii) [Reserved]
    (3) Determination of PSUP shall be in accordance with the following 
procedure:
    (i) Step 1. Determine PT. For the specific design in question 
determine the distance (developed length) from the fire sprinkler 
system supply inlet to the most remote sprinkler. Refer to tables 
8.4.10.2(d) through (i) of NFPA 13D (incorporated by reference, see 
Sec.  3280.4) and select the correct table for the fire sprinkler 
system pipe material and pipe size used. Using the system design flow 
rate from paragraph (n) of this section find the ``Allowable length of 
pipe'' column, which is closest to, but not less than, the developed 
length for the design in question. The ``Available Pressure'' in the 
column heading is PT. (Note: Interpolation between ``Allowable length 
of pipe'' (developed length) and ``Available Pressure'' (PT) is 
permitted. Example: Using table

[[Page 75747]]

8.4.10.2(d) of NFPA 13D, Sprinkler Flow Rate = 16 gpm, developed length 
= 70 feet, Available Pressure (PT) = 17.5 psi.)
    (ii) Step 2. Determine PLE. Refer to table 8.4.10.2.(c) of NFPA 
13D. The elevation used in applying the table shall be the difference 
between the highest sprinkler and the fire sprinkler system supply 
inlet. Interpolation is permitted. (Note: If the highest sprinkler is 
lower than the fire sprinkler system supply inlet then subtract this 
value in equation 1 to paragraph (o)(2)(i), instead of adding it.)
    (iii) Step 3. Determine PSP. Determine the maximum pressure 
required by any individual sprinkler based on the flow rate for each 
sprinkler as set forth in paragraph (n) of this section. The required 
pressure is provided in the data provided by the sprinkler manufacturer 
for the specific model based on the selected flow rate.
    (p) Testing. The fire sprinkler system piping shall be subject to 
the same test as the water distribution system in Sec.  3280.612(a). 
For multipurpose fire sprinkler systems, it shall be permitted to test 
the fire sprinkler system piping simultaneously with the domestic water 
distribution system.
    (q) Fire Sprinkler System Certificate. The manufacturer must 
permanently affix a Fire Sprinkler System Certificate adjacent to the 
data plate. The manufacturer must specify on the Fire Sprinkler System 
Certificate the minimum required pressure in pounds per square inch 
(psi) and flow rate in gallons per minute (gpm) for the water supply 
system. The Fire Sprinkler System Certificate is to include all the 
statements and required information arranged in substantially the same 
layout as shown in the following example.

Example 1 to Paragraph (q)--Example Certificate

Fire Sprinkler System Certificate

    Note: This label contains important information about the fire 
sprinkler system installed in this home. Please do not remove, 
alter, or cover this label.

General Information
Name of Manufacturer:--------------------------------------------------
Manufactured Home Serial Number:---------------------------------------

    The residential fire sprinkler system installed in this dwelling 
unit is in compliance with 24 CFR part 3280.214 Fire Sprinkler System 
Requirements. The manufactured home installer must ensure that water 
supply testing is completed by a fire protection technician, as 
required below at the home site.
    Warning: When necessary, replace components only with identical 
components or those determined to have equivalent performance 
characteristics with respect to flows and pressures.

Minimum Water Supply Required

    Warning: For this system to operate properly, the following minimum 
supply of water must be available at the point of connection to the 
residential fire sprinkler system (to be completed by the home 
manufacturer):

gpm (gallons per minute) at not less than___
psi (pounds per square inch)

    The water supply shall have the capacity to provide the above 
required design flow rate for the sprinklers for a period of time as 
follows:
    1. Seven minutes for manufactured homes one story in height and 
less than 2,000 square feet in area.
    2. Ten minutes for manufactured homes two or more stories in height 
or equal to or greater than 2,000 square feet in area.
    Where a water supply tank, a well system or a combination thereof 
is used, any combination of tank storage or well system shall be 
permitted to meet the capacity requirement.
    An installer shall ensure that a fire protection technician 
completes and signs this Fire Sprinkler System Certificate and shall 
maintain a copy of the test report from the onsite testing in 
accordance with the home manufacturer's instructions and that the above 
listed required minimum water supply is available.

Company and/or Individual Name of Fire Protection Technician:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

License/Certification Number of Technician:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Address of Technician:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date Water Supply Tested:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

    Warning: This structure contains a residential fire sprinkler 
system. Do not alter or make additions to the water supply without 
first contacting the home manufacturer or a fire protection technician. 
Any control valve(s) on the water supply to the residential fire 
sprinkler system must be in the full, open position for the system to 
operate properly. If the valves must be closed temporarily to service 
the sprinkler, verify that they are left fully open and secured when 
service is complete.
    (r) Sign or valve tag. A sign or valve tag shall be installed at 
the fire sprinkler system supply inlet stating the following:
    Warning, the water supply system supplies fire sprinklers that 
require specific flows and pressures to fight a fire. Devices that 
restrict the flow or decrease the pressure or automatically shut off 
the water to the fire sprinkler system, such as water filtration 
systems, water softeners and automatic shutoff valves, shall not be 
added to this system during installation without HUD approval. Later 
actions that may impact the water supply system should not be completed 
without first contacting the home manufacturer or a fire protection 
technician. Please do not remove this sign.
    (s) Component instructions. If the manufacturer of a fire sprinkler 
system component used in a system provides written instructions and 
procedures for the operation, maintenance, periodic testing, and/or 
repair of the component, a copy of the instructions and procedures 
shall be left in each home for the consumer.
    (t) Manufacturer's installation instructions for fire sprinkler 
systems. Manufacturer's installation instructions must provide the 
following:
    (1) Specific instructions for the inspection and testing of the 
fire sprinkler system during the installation of the home. Testing 
requirements are to be consistent with Sec.  3280.612(a).
    (2) Required statement. If this manufactured home contains a fire 
sprinkler system, an installer shall ensure a fire protection 
technician tests the water supply at the site and completes the Fire 
Safety System Certificate and that the test reports the minimum 
conditions described on the Fire Sprinkler System Certificate in the 
home (located next to the data plate).


Sec.  3280.215  Multi-dwelling unit manufactured homes.

    (a) General. In manufactured homes with more than one dwelling 
unit, each dwelling unit must be separated from each other by wall and 
floor assemblies having not less than a 1 hour fire resistance rating 
when tested in accordance with ASTM E119 or UL 263 (both incorporated 
by reference, see Sec.  3280.4) or having a fire resistance rating of 
not less than a 1 hour when calculated in accordance with chapter 16 of 
the AWC National Design Specification (NDS) for Wood Construction, with 
Supplement (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
    (b) Fire resistance walls. Fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling and 
wall assemblies must extend to and be tight against the exterior wall, 
and wall

[[Page 75748]]

assemblies must extend from the foundation to the underside of the roof 
sheathing except as follows:
    (1) Wall assemblies need not extend through attic spaces where the 
ceiling is protected by not less than \5/8\ inch Type X gypsum board 
and attic draftstop constructed as specified in Sec.  3280.216 is 
provided above and along the wall assembly separating the dwelling 
units; and
    (2) The structural framing supporting the ceiling is protected by 
not less than \1/2\ inch gypsum board or equivalent.
    (3) A fire resistance rating of \1/2\ hour shall be permitted in 
buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system 
installed in accordance with Sec.  3280.214.
    (c) Supporting construction. Where floor assemblies are required to 
be fire resistant rated by this section, the supporting construction of 
such assemblies must have an equal or greater fire resistance rating.
    (d) Dwelling unit rated penetrations. Penetrations of wall or 
floor-ceiling assemblies in multi-dwelling unit manufactured homes are 
required to be fire-resistance rated in accordance with this section.
    (1) Through penetrations. (i) Through penetrations must be 
installed as tested in the approved fire-resistance rated assembly; or
    (ii) Through penetrations must be protected by an approved 
penetration fire stop system installed as tested in accordance with 
ASTM E814 or UL 1479 (both incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4), with a positive pressure differential of not less than 0.01 
inch of water and must have an F rating of not less than the required 
fire resistance rating of the wall or floor-ceiling assembly 
penetrated; or
    (iii) Where the penetrating items are steel, ferrous or copper 
pipes, tubes, or conduits, the material used to fill the annular space 
must prevent the passage of flame and hot gasses sufficient to ignite 
cotton waste where subjected to ASTM E119 or UL 263 (both incorporated 
by reference, see Sec.  3280.4) time temperature fire conditions under 
a positive pressure differential of not less than 0.01 inch of water at 
the location of the through penetration for the time period equivalent 
to the fire resistance rating of the construction penetrated.
    (2) Membrane penetrations. Membrane penetrations must comply with 
paragraph (d)(1) of this section. Where walls are required to have a 
fire resistance rating, recessed fixtures must be installed so that the 
required fire resistance rating will not be reduced except as follows:
    (i) By membrane penetrations of fire-resistant-rated walls, 
ceiling/floors and partitions by steel electrical boxes provided they 
do not exceed 16 square inches in area and the aggregate area of the 
openings through the membrane does not exceed 100 square inches in any 
100 square feet of wall area. The annular space between the wall 
membrane and the box must not exceed \1/8\ inch. Such boxes on opposite 
sides of the wall must be separated by one of the following:
    (A) A horizontal distance of not less than 24 inches where the wall 
or partition is constructed with individual non-communicating stud 
cavities; or
    (B) A horizontal distance of not less than the depth of the wall 
cavity, where the wall cavity is filled with loose-fill insulation; or
    (C) Solid fire blocking in accordance with Sec.  3280.206; or
    (D) Protecting both boxes with listed putty pads; or
    (E) Other listed materials and methods.
    (ii) By membrane penetrations of listed electrical boxes of any 
materials provided that the boxes have been tested for use in fire 
resistance rated assemblies and are installed in accordance with the 
instructions included with the listing. The annular space between the 
wall membrane and the box must not exceed \1/8\ inch unless otherwise 
noted. Such boxes on opposite sides of the wall must be separated by 
one of the following:
    (A) The horizontal distance specified in the listing of the 
electrical boxes; or
    (B) Sold fire blocking in accordance with Sec.  3280.206; or
    (C) Protecting boxes with listed putty pads; or
    (D) Other listed materials and methods.
    (iii) By the annular space created by the penetration of a fire 
sprinkler provided that it is covered by a metal escutcheon plate.


Sec.  3280.216  Draftstopping requirements for multi-dwelling unit 
manufactured homes.

    (a) When there is usable space both above and below the concealed 
space of a floor/ceiling assembly in multi-dwelling unit manufactured 
homes, draftstops must be installed so that the area of the concealed 
space does not exceed 1,000 square feet. Draftstopping must divide the 
concealed space into approximately equal areas. Where the assembly is 
enclosed by a floor membrane above and a ceiling membrane below, 
draftstopping shall be provided in floor-ceiling assemblies under the 
following circumstances:
    (1) Ceiling is suspended under the floor framing; or
    (2) Floor framing is constructed of truss type open-web or 
perforated members.
    (b) Draftstopping materials must not be less than \1/2\ inch gypsum 
board, \3/8\ inch wood structural panels, or other approved materials 
adequately supported.
    (c) Draftstopping must be installed parallel to the floor framing 
members.
    (d) The integrity of all draftstops must be maintained.

0
17. Amend Sec.  3280.303 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.303  General requirements.

* * * * *
    (b) Construction. All Construction methods must be in conformance 
with an approved quality assurance manual as provided by Sec. Sec.  
3282.203 and 3282.361(c) and accepted engineering practices to ensure 
durable, livable, and safe housing.
* * * * *

0
18. Revise and republish Sec.  3280.304 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.304  Materials.

    (a) Dimension and board lumber must not exceed 19 percent moisture 
content at the time of installation, except that treated lumber used 
for exterior purposes only and does not extend into the main home 
construction may have a moisture content exceeding 19 percent.
    (b) The standards for some of the generally used materials and 
methods of construction that are listed in this paragraph (b) are 
incorporated by reference (see Sec.  3280.4).
    (1) Aluminum. (i) Aluminum Design Manual, Specifications and 
Guidelines for Aluminum Structures, Part 1-A (Aluminum Association).
    (ii) Aluminum Design Manual, Specifications and Guidelines for 
Aluminum Structures, Part 1-B (Aluminum Association).
    (2) Steel. (i) Specification for Structural Steel Buildings--AISC 
360.
    (ii) North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed 
Steel Structural Members--AISI S100.
    (iii) Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel 
Structural Members--SEI/ASCE 8.
    (iv) Standard Specifications Load Tables and Weight Tables for 
Steel Joists and Joist Girders--SJI.
    (v) Structural Applications of Steel Cables for Buildings--ASCE 19.
    (vi) Standard Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals--
ASTM D3953.
    (3) Wood and wood products. (i) Basic Hardboard--ANSI A135.4 
(Composite Panel Association).

[[Page 75749]]

    (ii) Prefinished Hardboard Paneling--ANSI A135.5 (Composite Panel 
Association).
    (iii) Engineered Wood Siding--ANSI A135.6 (Composite Panel 
Association).
    (iv) American National Standard for Hardwood and Decorative 
Plywood--ANSI/HPVA HP-1 (Decorative Hardwoods Association).
    (v) Structural Design Guide for Hardwood Plywood Wall Panels--HP-SG 
(Decorative Hardwoods Association).
    (vi) For Wood Products--Structural Glued Laminated Timber--ANSI/
AITC A190.1.
    (vii) Structural Plywood (With Typical APA Trademarks)--NIST PS 1.
    (viii) APA Design/Construction Guide, Residential and Commercial 
Structures--APA E30-P.
    (ix) National Design Standard for Metal Plate Connected Wood Truss 
Construction, TPI 1.
    (x) Design and Fabrication of All-Plywood Beams--H815G.
    (xi) Panel Design Specification--APA D510C.
    (xii) Design and Fabrication of Glued Plywood-Lumber Beams--APA 
S812S.
    (xiii) Design and Fabrication of Plywood Curved Panels--APA S811P.
    (xiv) Design and Fabrication of Plywood Sandwich Panels, APA U814J.
    (xv) Performance Standard for Wood-Based Structural Use Panels--
NIST PS 2.
    (xvi) Design and Fabrication of Plywood Stressed-Skin Panels--APA 
U813M.
    (xvii) National Design Specifications for Wood Construction, with 
Supplement, Design Values for Wood Construction--AWC NDS.
    (xviii) Wood Structural Design Data (AFPA).
    (xix) Span Tables for Joists and Rafters: American Softwood Lumber 
Standard (PS 20-10) Sizes--AWC-2012.
    (xx) Design Values for Joists and Rafters, Supplement to Span 
Tables for Joists and Rafters--AWC-2012.
    (xxi) Particleboard--ANSI A208.1 (Composite Panel Association).
    (xxii) North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for 
Windows, Doors and Skylights--AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 (CSA Group).
    (xxiii) Standard Test Methods for Puncture and Stiffness of 
Paperboard, and Corrugated and Solid Fiberboard--ASTM D781.
    (xxiv) Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content 
Measurement of Wood and Wood-Base Materials--ASTM D4442.
    (xxv) Standard Test Method for Laboratory Standardization and 
Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture Meters--ASTM D4444.
    (xxvi) Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) For Interior Applications--
ANSI A208.2.
    (xxvii) Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building 
Construction and Materials--ASTM E119.
    (xxviii) Engineered Wood Construction Guide--APA E30V.
    (xxix) Plywood Design--APA Y510.
    (4) Other. (i) Standard Specification for Gypsum Board--ASTM C1396/
C1396M.
    (ii) [Reserved].
    (5) Fasteners. (i) ICC-ES Evaluation Report: Power Driven Staples 
and Nails--ESR 1539.
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (6) Unclassified. (i) Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other 
Structures--ANSI/ASCE.
    (ii) Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings--Safety Performance 
Specifications and Methods of Test--ANSI Z97.1.
    (iii) Standard Specification for Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) 
Siding--ASTM D3679-09a.
    (iv) Standard Practice for Installation of Rigid Poly (Vinyl 
Chloride) (PVC) Siding and Soffit--ASTM D4756.
    (v) Standard Specification for Polypropylene (PP) Siding--ASTM 
D7254.
    (c) Materials and methods of construction utilized in the design 
and construction of manufactured homes which are covered by the 
standards listed in this section, or any applicable portion thereof 
shall comply with these requirements.
    (d) Engineering analysis and testing methods contained in these 
references shall be utilized to judge conformance with accepted 
engineering practices required in Sec.  3280.303(c).
    (e) Materials and methods of installation conforming to these 
standards shall be considered acceptable when installed in conformance 
with the requirements of this part.
    (f) Materials meeting the standards listed in this section (or the 
applicable portion thereof) are considered acceptable unless otherwise 
specified herein or unless substantial doubt exists as to conformance.
    (g) Wood products shall be identified as complying with the 
appropriate standards.

0
19. Amend Sec.  3280.305 by revising paragraphs (j)(1) and (k)(2) to 
read as follows:


Sec.  3280.305  Structural design requirements.

* * * * *
    (j) * * *
    (1) All welds must be made in accordance with the applicable 
provisions of the Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, AISC 
360 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4); the North American 
Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, 
AISI S100 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4); and the 
Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural 
Members, SEI/ASCE 8 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *
    (k) * * *
    (2) For roofs with slopes less than 7:12 that contain an attic area 
or for portions of roofs with slopes 7:12 or greater that do meet the 
ceiling height/living space requirements of the standards, the attic 
floor must be designed for a storage live load of 20 pounds per square 
foot (psf).
    (i) Attic area as used within this section are those spaces where 
the maximum clear height between joist and rafters is 42 inches or 
greater or where there are two or more adjacent trusses with web 
configurations capable of accommodating an assumed rectangle 42 inches 
high by 24 inches in width or greater, within the plane of the trusses.
    (ii) The live load need only be applied to those portions of the 
joist or truss bottom chords where all of the following criteria are 
met:
    (A) The attic area is accessible from an opening not less than 20 
inches in width and 30 inches in length that is located where the clear 
height in the attic is a minimum of 30 inches; and
    (B) The slope of the joists of the truss bottom chord are no 
greater than 2 inches vertical to 12 inches horizontal; and
    (C) Required insulation depth is less than the joist or truss 
bottom chord member depth.

0
20. Amend Sec.  3280.307 by adding paragraph (f) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.307  Resistance to elements and use.

* * * * *
    (f) The exterior wall envelope must be designed and constructed in 
a manner that prevents the accumulation of water within the wall 
assembly by providing a Water Resistive Barrier (WRB) behind the 
exterior cladding and a means of draining water that enters the 
assembly.

0
21. Add Sec.  3280.309 to subpart D to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.309  Standard for vinyl siding and polypropylene siding used 
in manufactured homes.

    (a) Scope. This section establishes the requirements for vinyl 
siding and

[[Page 75750]]

polypropylene siding used in manufactured homes.
    (b) Standards--(1) Vinyl siding. All vinyl siding must comply with 
the requirements of ASTM D3679 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4) and must be certified or listed and labeled as conforming to 
those requirements.
    (2) Polypropylene siding. All polypropylene siding must comply with 
the requirements of ASTM D7254 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4) and must be certified or listed and labeled as conforming to 
those requirements.
    (c) Installation. Vinyl siding and soffit installation must be 
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation 
instructions. Vinyl siding and soffit installation must be based on 
ASTM D4756 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).

0
22. Amend Sec.  3280.403 by revising paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2) 
introductory text, (d)(1), and (e) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.403  Requirements for windows, sliding glass doors, and 
skylights.

* * * * *
    (b) Standard. (1) All primary windows and sliding glass doors must 
comply with AAMA 1701.2 or AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 (both 
incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4), except the exterior and 
interior pressure tests must be conducted at the minimum design wind 
loads required for components in Sec.  3280.305(c)(1).
    (2) All skylights must comply with AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (1) Safety glazing materials, where used shall meet ANSI Z97.1 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *
    (e) Certification. All primary windows and sliding glass doors to 
be installed in manufactured homes must be certified as complying with 
AAMA 1701.2 or AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 (both incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4). This certification must be based on tests 
conducted at the design wind loads specified in Sec.  3280.305(c)(1).
    (1) All such windows and doors must show evidence of certification 
by affixing a quality certification label to the product from an 
independent product certification body accredited to ISO/IEC 17065 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
    (2) In determining certifiability of the products, an independent 
quality assurance agency must conduct pre-production specimen tests in 
accordance with AAMA 1702.2 or AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 (both 
incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4). Further, such agency must 
inspect the product manufacturer's facility at least twice per year.
    (3) All skylights installed in manufactured homes must be certified 
as complying with AAMA 1701.2 or AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 (both 
incorporated by reference, see 3280.4).
* * * * *

0
23. Amend Sec.  3280.404 by revising paragraphs (b) and (e) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3280.404  Standard for egress windows and devices for use in 
manufactured homes.

* * * * *
    (b) Performance. Egress windows including auxiliary frame and 
seals, if any, must meet all requirements of AAMA 1701.2 and AAMA 1704 
or AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 (all incorporated by reference, see 
Sec.  3280.4).
    (1) Loading. Exterior and interior pressure tests for components 
and cladding must be conducted meeting or exceeding the minimum design 
wind loads required by Sec.  3280.305(c)(1).
    (2) Dimensions. All egress systems must have a minimum clear 
horizontal dimension of 20 inches and a minimum clear vertical 
dimension of 24 inches and have a clear opening of at least 5 ft\2\.
* * * * *
    (e) Certification of egress windows and devices. (1) Egress windows 
and devices must be listed in accordance with the procedures and 
requirements of AAMA 1701.2 and AAMA 1704 or AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/
A440 (all incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4). This 
certification must be based on tests conducted meeting or exceeding the 
minimum design wind loads specified in Sec.  3280.305(c)(1).
    (2) All such windows and devices must show evidence of 
certification by affixing a quality certification label to the product 
from an independent product certification body accredited to ISO/IEC 
17065 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *

0
24. Amend Sec.  3280.405 by revising paragraphs (b), (c), and (e) to 
read as follows:


Sec.  3280.405  Standard for swinging exterior passage doors for use in 
manufactured homes.

* * * * *
    (b) Performance requirements. The design and construction of 
exterior door units must meet all requirements of AAMA 1702.2 or AAMA/
WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 (both incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4).
    (c) Materials and methods. Any material or method of construction 
must conform to the performance requirements as outlined in paragraph 
(b) of this section. Plywood must be exterior type and preservative 
treated in accordance with WDMA I.S.4 (incorporated by reference, see 
Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *
    (e) Certification. All swinging exterior doors to be installed in 
manufactured homes must be certified as complying with AAMA 1702.2 or 
AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 (both incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4).
    (1) All such doors must show evidence of certification by affixing 
a quality certification label to the product from an independent 
product certification body accredited to ISO/IEC 17065 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
    (2) In determining certifiability of the products, an independent 
quality assurance agency must conduct a pre-production specimen test in 
accordance with AAMA 1702.2 or AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 (both 
incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *

0
25. Amend Sec.  3280.504 by revising paragraphs (a)(1) and (c) to read 
as follows:


Sec.  3280.504  Condensation control and installation of vapor 
retarders.

    (a) * * *
    (1) In Uo Value Zones 2 and 3, ceilings must have a 
vapor retarder with a permeance of not greater than 1 perm as measured 
by ASTM E96/E96M (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4), 
installed on the living space side of the roof cavity.
* * * * *
    (c) Liquid applied vapor retarders. Each liquid applied vapor 
retarder must be tested by a nationally recognized testing agency for 
use on the specific substrate to which it is applied. The test report 
must include the perm rating, as measured by ASTM E96/E96M 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4), and associated 
application rate for each specific substrate.
* * * * *

0
26. Amend Sec.  3280.510 by revising the first sentence of the 
introductory text to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.510  Heat loss certificate.

    The manufactured home manufacturer must permanently affix

[[Page 75751]]

the following ``Certificate'' to an interior surface of each dwelling 
unit that is readily visible to the occupant.* * *
* * * * *

0
27. Amend Sec.  3280.511 by revising the first sentence of paragraph 
(a) introductory text and paragraph (b) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.511  Comfort cooling certificate and information.

    (a) The manufactured home manufacturer must permanently affix a 
``Comfort Cooling Certificate'' to an interior surface of each dwelling 
unit that is readily visible to the occupant. * * *
* * * * *
    (b) For each home designated as suitable for central air 
conditioning the manufacturer shall provide the maximum central 
manufactured home air conditioning capacity certified in accordance 
with the ANSI/AHRI Standard 210/240 with Addenda 1 and 2 (incorporated 
by reference, see Sec.  3280.4) and in accordance with Sec.  
3280.715(a)(3). If the capacity information provided is based on 
entrances to the air supply duct at other than the furnace plenum, the 
manufacturer shall indicate the correct supply air entrance and return 
air exit locations.
* * * * *

0
28. Amend Sec.  3280.603 by revising paragraph (b)(4)(ii) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3280.603  General requirements.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (4) * * *
    (ii) A statement in the installation instructions required by Sec.  
3280.306(b), stating that if the heat tape or pipe heating cable is 
used, it must be listed or certified for its intended purpose.
* * * * *

0
29. Revise and republish Sec.  3280.604 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.604  Materials.

    (a) Minimum standards. Materials, devices, fixtures, fittings, 
equipment, appliances, appurtenances and accessories shall conform to 
one of the standards listed in this section (all incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4) and be free from defects. Where an 
appropriate standard is not listed in this section or a standard not 
listed is preferred, the item may be used if it is listed. A listing is 
also required when so specified in other sections of this subpart.
    (b) Compliance when there is more than one listed standard. Where 
more than one standard is referenced for a particular material or 
component, compliance with only one of those standards is acceptable. 
Exceptions:
    (1) When one of the reference standards requires evaluation of 
chemical, toxicity or odor properties which are not included in the 
other standard, then conformance to the applicable requirements of each 
standard shall be demonstrated; or
    (2) When a plastic material or component is not covered by the 
standards in this section, it must be certified as non-toxic in 
accordance with Drinking water system components-Health effects--ANSI/
NSF 61 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
    (c) List of standards. Standards for some of the generally used 
materials and methods of construction are listed as following:
    (1) Ferrous pipe and fittings. (i) Gray Iron Threaded Fittings--
ANSI/ASME B16.4.
    (ii) Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings--ANSI/ASME B16.3.
    (iii) Material and Property Standard for Special Cast Iron 
Fittings--IAPMO PS 5.
    (iv) Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe--ANSI/ASME B36.10.
    (v) Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, 
Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless--ASTM A53/A53M.
    (vi) Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)--ANSI/ASME B1.20.1.
    (vii) Standard Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings--
ASTM A74.
    (viii) Standard Specification for Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and 
Fittings for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent Piping 
Applications--CISPI-301.
    (2) Nonferrous pipe and fittings. (i) Standard Specification for 
Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes--ASTM B42.
    (ii) Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wrought 
Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy Tube--ASTM B251.
    (iii) Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube--ASTM 
B88.
    (iv) Standard Specification for Copper Drainage Tube (DWV)--ASTM 
B306.
    (v) Wrought-Copper and Copper Alloy Solder-Joint Pressure Fitting--
ASME/ANSI B16.22.
    (vi) Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder-Joint Drainage 
Fittings-DWV--ASME/ANSI B16.29.
    (vii) Cast Copper Alloy Solder-Joint Pressure Fittings--ANSI 
B16.18.
    (viii) Cast Copper Alloy Solder-Joint Drainage Fittings-DWV--ASME 
B16.23.
    (ix) Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes--ASME/ANSI 
B16.26.
    (x) Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard 
Sizes--ASTM B43.
    (xi) Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings, Classes 125 and 250--ANSI/ASME 
B16.15.
    (3) Plastic pipe and fittings. (i) Standard Specification 
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, 
and Vent Pipe and Fittings--ASTM D2661.
    (ii) Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic 
Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings--ASTM D2665.
    (iii) Standard Specification for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV) 
Plastic Fittings Patterns--ASTM D3311.
    (iv) Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene 
(ABS) Schedule 40, Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe with a Cellular 
Core--ASTM F628.
    (v) Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) 
(CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems--ASTM D2846.
    (vi) Standard Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Hot- and 
Cold-Water Distribution Systems--ASTM D3309.
    (vii) Plastic Piping Components and Related Materials--ANSI/NSF 14.
    (viii) Standard Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) 
Tubing--ASTM F876.
    (ix) Standard Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) 
Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems--ASTM F877.
    (4) Miscellaneous. (i) Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets 
for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings, ASTM C564.
    (ii) Backflow Valves--ANSI A112.14.1.
    (iii) Plumbing Fixture Setting Compound--TTP 1536A.
    (iv) Material and Property Standard for Cast Brass and Tubing P-
Traps--IAPMO PS 2.
    (v) Relief Valves for Hot Water Supply Systems--ANSI Z21.22.
    (vi) Standard Specification for Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-
Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe and Fittings--ASTM D2235.
    (vii) Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl 
Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping Systems--ASTM D2564.
    (viii) Specification for Neoprene Rubber Gaskets for HUB and Spigot 
Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings--CISPI-HSN.
    (ix) Plumbing System Components for Manufactured Homes and 
Recreational Vehicles--ANSI/NSF 24.

[[Page 75752]]

    (x) Material and Property Standard for Diversion Tees and Twin 
Waste Elbow--IAPMO PS 9.
    (xi) Material and Property Standard for Flexible Metallic Water 
Connectors--IAPMO PS 14.
    (xii) Material and Property Standard for Dishwasher Drain Airgaps--
IAPMO PS 23.
    (xiii) Material and Property Standards for Backflow Prevention 
Assemblies--IAPMO PS 31.
    (xiv) Performance Requirements for Air Admittance Valves for 
Plumbing Drainage Systems, Fixture and Branch Devices--ASSE 1051.
    (xv) Drinking Water System Components-Health Effects--ANSI/NSF 61.
    (5) Plumbing fixtures. (i) Plumbing Fixtures (General 
Specifications)--FS WW-P-541E/GEN.
    (ii) Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures--ANSI/ASME A112.19.2(M).
    (iii) Enameled Cast Iron Plumbing Fixtures--ANSI/ASME A112.19.1M.
    (iv) Porcelain Enameled Formed Steel Plumbing Fixtures--ANSI/ASME 
A112.19.4(M).
    (v) Plastic Bathtub Units with Addenda Z124.1a and Z124.1b--ANSI 
Z124.1.
    (vi) Standard for Porcelain Enameled Formed Steel Plumbing 
Fixtures--IAPMO TSC 22.
    (vii) Plastic Shower Receptors and Shower Stalls with Addendum 
Z124.2a--ANSI Z124.2.
    (viii) Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures (Designed for Residential 
Use)--ANSI/ASME A112.19.3M.
    (ix) Material and Property Standard for Drains for Prefabricated 
and Precast Showers--IAPMO PS 4.
    (x) Plastic Lavatories with Addendum Z124.3a--ANSI Z124.3.
    (xi) Standard for Safety Glazing Materials used in Buildings--
Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test--ANSI Z97.1.
    (xii) Water Heater Relief Valve Drain Tubes--ASME A112.4.1.
    (xiii) Flexible Water Connectors--ASME A112.18.6.
    (xiv) Performance Requirements for Backflow Protection Devices and 
Systems in Plumbing Fixture Fittings--ASME A112.18.3M.
    (xv) Non-Vitreous Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures--ASME A112.19.9M.
    (xvi) Dual Flush Devices for Water Closets--ASME A119.19.10.
    (xvii) Deck Mounted Bath/Shower Transfer Valves with Integral 
Backflow Protection--ASME A112.18.7.
    (xviii) Plastic Fittings for Connecting Water Closets to the 
Sanitary Drainage System--ASME A112.4.3.
    (xix) Hydraulic Performance Requirements for Water Closets and 
Urinals--ASME A112.19.6.
    (xx) Plumbing Fixture Fittings--ASME/ANSI A112.18.1M.
    (xxi) Trim for Water Closet, Bowls, Tanks, and Urinals--ANSI 
A112.19.5.
    (xxii) Plastic Water Closets, Bowls, and Tanks with Addenda 
Z124.4a--ANSI Z124.4.
    (xxiii) Plastic Toilet (Water Closets) Seats--ANSI Z124.5.
    (xxiv) Prefabricated Plastic Spa Shells--ANSI Z124.7.
    (xxv) Whirlpool Bathtub Appliances--ASME/ANSI A112.19.7M.
    (xxvi) Plastic Urinal Fixtures--ANSI Z-124.9.
    (xxvii) Performance Requirements for Automatic Compensating Values 
for Individual Shower and Tub/Shower Combinations--ASSE 1016.
    (xxviii) Performance Requirements for Pressurized Flushing Devices 
(Flushometers) for Plumbing Fixtures--ASSE 1037.
    (xxix) Performance Requirements for Water Closet Flush Tank Fill 
Valves (Ballcocks)--ASSE 1002.
    (xxx) Performance Requirements for Hand-held Showers--ASSE 1014.
    (xxxi) Hydrants for Utility and Maintenance Use--ANSI/ASME 
A112.21.3M.
    (xxxii) Performance Requirements for Home Laundry Equipment--ASSE 
1007.
    (xxxiii) Performance Requirements for Hot Water Dispensers, 
Household Storage Type Electrical--ASSE 1023.
    (xxxiv) Plumbing Requirements for Residential Use (Household) 
Dishwashers--ASSE 1006.
    (xxxv) Performance Requirements for Household Food Waste Disposer 
Units--ASSE 1008.
    (xxxvi) Performance Requirements for Temperature Activated Mixing 
Valves for Primary Domestic Use--ASSE 1017.
    (xxxv) Water Hammer Arresters--ANSI A112.26.1.
    (xxxvi) Suction Fittings for Use in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, 
Spas, Hot Tubs, and Whirlpool Bathtub Appliances--ASME/ANSI A112.19.8M.
    (xxxvii) Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems--ASME A112.1.2.
    (xxxviii) Performance Requirements for Diverters for Plumbing 
Faucets with Hose Spray, Anti-Siphon Type, Residential Applications--
ASSE 1025.
    (xxxix) Performance Requirements for Pipe Applied Atmospheric Type 
Vacuum Breakers--ASSE 1001.
    (xl) Performance Requirements for Hose Connection Vacuum Breakers--
ASSE 1011.
    (xli) Performance Requirements for Wall Hydrants, Frost Proof 
Automatic Draining, Anti-Backflow Types--ANSI/ASSE 1019.
    (xlii) Performance Requirements for Automatic Compensating Values 
for Individual Shower and Tub/Shower Combinations--ASSE 1016.
    (xliii) Performance Requirements for Water Temperature Limiting 
Devices--ASSE 1070.

0
30. Amend Sec.  3280.607 by revising paragraphs (b)(3) and (c)(6)(iv) 
to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.607  Plumbing fixtures.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (3) Shower compartment. (i) Each compartment stall must be provided 
with an approved watertight receptor with sides and back extending with 
sides and back extending at least 1 inch above the finished dam or 
threshold. Except as provided by paragraph (b)(3)(v) of this section, 
the depth of a shower receptor must not be less than 2 inches or more 
than 9 inches measured from the top of the finished dam or threshold to 
the top of the drain. The wall area must be constructed of smooth, non-
corrosive, and non-absorbent materials to a height not less than 6 feet 
above the bathroom floor level. Such walls must form a watertight joint 
with each other and with the bathtub, receptor or shower floor. The 
floor or compartment must slope uniformly to the drain not less than 
one-fourth nor more than \1/2\ inch per foot.
    (ii) The joint around the drain connection shall be made watertight 
by a flange, clamping ring, or other approved listed means.
    (iii) Shower doors and tub and shower enclosures must be 
constructed so as to be waterproof and, if glazed, glazing must comply 
with ANSI Z97.1 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4)
    (iv) Prefabricated plumbing fixtures shall be approved or listed.
    (v) Thresholds in roll-in-type shower compartments must be \1/2\ 
inch maximum in height in accordance with paragraph (b)(3)(vi) of this 
section. In transfer type shower compartments, thresholds \1/2\ inch 
maximum in height must be beveled, rounded, or be vertical.
    (vi) Changes in level of \1/4\ inch maximum in height must be 
permitted to be vertical. Changes in level greater than \1/4\ inch in 
height and not more than \1/2\ inch maximum in height must be beveled 
with a slope not steeper than 1:2.
    (vii) Shower and tub-shower combination valves must be balanced 
pressure, thermostatic, or combination mixing valves that conform to 
the requirements of ASSE 1016 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4). Such valves must be equipped

[[Page 75753]]

with handle position stops that are adjustable in accordance with the 
valve manufacturer's instructions and to a maximum setting of 120 
[deg]F. Hot water supplied to bathtubs and whirlpool bathtubs are to be 
limited to a temperature of not greater than 120 [deg]F by a water 
temperature limiting device that conforms to the requirements of ASSE 
1070 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (6) * * *
    (iv) Electrical. Wiring must comply with Articles 680.70, 680.71, 
and 680.72 of NFPA 70 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).

0
31. Amend Sec.  3280.609 by revising paragraph (a)(2) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3280.609  Water distribution systems.

    (a) * * *
    (2) Hot water supply. Each dwelling unit equipped with a kitchen 
sink, and bathtub and/or shower must be provided with a hot water 
supply system including a listed water heater.
* * * * *

0
32. Amend Sec.  3280.611 by revising paragraph (c)(5) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3280.611  Vents and venting.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (5) The distance of the fixture trap from the vent must not exceed 
the values given in the following table:

Table 1 to Paragraph (c)(5)--Maximum Distance of Fixtures From Vent Trap
------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Size of fixture drain (inches)            Distance trap to vent
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 \1/4\...................................  5 ft.
1 \1/2\...................................  6 ft.
2.........................................  8 ft.
3.........................................  12 ft.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *

0
33. Amend Sec.  3280.702 by revising the definitions for ``Class 0 air 
ducts and air connectors'' and ``Class 1 air ducts and air connectors'' 
to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.702  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Class 0 air ducts and air connectors means air ducts and air 
connectors having a fire hazard classification of zero when tested in 
accordance with UL 181 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
    Class 1 air ducts and air connectors means air ducts and air 
connectors having a flame spread rating of not over 25 without evidence 
of continued progressive combustion and a smoke developed rating of not 
over 50 when tested in accordance with UL 181 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *

0
34. Revise Sec.  3280.703 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.703  Minimum standards.

    Heating, cooling, and fuel burning appliances and systems in 
manufactured homes shall be free of defects and shall conform to 
applicable standards (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4) in 
this section unless otherwise specified in this part. When more than 
one standard is referenced, compliance with any one such standard shall 
meet the requirements of this part.
    (a) Appliances. (1) Liquid Fuel-Burning Heating Appliances for 
Manufactured Homes and Recreational Vehicles--UL 307A.
    (2) Fixed and Location-Dedicated Electric Room Heaters--UL 2021.
    (3) Electric Baseboard Heating Equipment--UL 1042.
    (4) Electric Central Air Heating Equipment--UL 1096.
    (5) Gas-Burning Heating Appliances for Manufactured Homes and 
Recreational Vehicles--UL 307B.
    (6) Gas Clothes Dryers Volume I, Type 1 Clothes Dryers--ANSI 
Z21.5.1 (CSA Group).
    (7) Gas-fired Water Heaters, Volume III, Storage Water Heaters with 
Input Ratings Above 75,000 BTU per Hour, Circulating and 
Instantaneous--ANSI Z21.10.3 (CSA Group).
    (8) Gas-Fired, Heat Activated Air Conditioning and Heat Pump 
Appliances--ANSI Z21.40.1 (CSA Group).
    (9) Gas-Fired Central Furnaces (Except Direct Vent Systems)--ANSI 
Z21.47(CSA Group).
    (10) Connectors for Outdoor Gas Appliances and Manufactured Homes--
ANSI Z21.75 (CSA Group).
    (11) Decorative Gas Appliances for Installation in Solid Fuel 
Burning Fireplaces--RADCO DS-010.
    (12) Household Cooking Gas Appliances--ANSI Z21.1 (CSA Group).
    (13) Refrigerators Using Gas Fuel--ANSI Z21.19 (CSA Group).
    (14) Gas Water Heaters, Volume I, Storage Water Heaters with Input 
Ratings of 75,000 BTU per hour or Less--ANSI Z21.10.1 (CSA Group).
    (15) Household Electric Storage Tank Water Heaters--UL 174.
    (16) Household and Similar Electrical Appliances--Part 2-40: 
Particular Requirements for Electrical Heat Pumps, Air-Conditioners and 
Dehumidifiers--UL 60335-2-40.
    (17) Smoke Detectors for Fire Protective Signaling Systems--UL 268.
    (18) Single and Multiple Station Carbon Monoxide Alarms--UL 2034.
    (19) Electric Heating Appliances--UL 499.
    (b) Ferrous pipe and fittings. (1) Standard Specification for Pipe, 
Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless--ASTM 
A53/A53M.
    (2) Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Coiled 
Steel Tubing for Gas and Fuel Oil Lines--ASTM A539.
    (3) Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)--ANSI/ASME B1.20.1.
    (4) Welding and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe--ANSI/ASME B36.10.
    (c) Nonferrous pipe, tubing, and fittings. (1) Standard 
Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube--ASTM B88.
    (2) Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Air 
Conditioning and Refrigeration Field Service--ASTM B280.
    (3) Connectors for Gas Appliances--ANSI Z21.24 (CSA Group).
    (4) Manually Operated Gas Valves for Appliances, Appliance 
Connector Valves and Hose End Valves--ANSI Z21.15 (CSA Group).
    (5) Standard for Gas Supply Connectors for Manufactured Homes--
IAPMO TS 9.
    (6) Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wrought 
Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy Tube--ASTM B251.
    (7) Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard 
Sizes--ASTM B42.
    (d) Miscellaneous. (1) Factory-Made Air Ducts and Air Connectors--
UL 181.
    (2) Closure Systems for use with Rigid Air Ducts and Air 
Connectors--UL 181A.
    (3) Closure Systems for use with Flexible Air Ducts and Air 
Connectors--UL 181B.
    (4) Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings--Safety Performance 
Specifications and Methods of Test--ANSI Z97.1.
    (5) Tube Fittings for Flammable and Combustible Fluids, 
Refrigeration Service, and Marine Use--UL 109.
    (6) Pigtails and Flexible Hose Connectors for LP-Gas--UL 569.
    (7) Roof Jacks for Manufactured Homes and Recreational Vehicles--UL 
311.
    (8) Relief Valves for Hot Water Supply Systems--ANSI Z21.22.
    (9) Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use--
Part 2-5: Particular requirements for automatic electrical burner 
control systems--ANSI Z21.20 (CSA Group).

[[Page 75754]]

    (10) Automatic Valves for Gas Appliances--ANSI Z21.21 (CSA Group).
    (11) Gas Appliance Thermostats--ANSI Z21.23 (CSA Group).
    (12) Gas Vents--UL 441.
    (13) Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment--NFPA 31.
    (14) National Fuel Gas Code--NFPA 54/ANSI Z223.1.
    (15) Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Systems--NFPA 90B.
    (16) Liquefied Petroleum Gases Code--NFPA 58.
    (17) Flares for Tubing--SAE J533.
    (18) Factory Built Chimneys for Residential Type and Building 
Heating Appliances--UL 103.
    (19) Factory-Built Fireplaces--UL 127.
    (20) Solid-Fuel Type Room Heaters--UL 1482.
    (21) Fireplace Stoves--UL 737.
    (22) Rating of Unitary Air-Conditioning and Air-Source Heat Pump 
Equipment--ANSI/AHRI Standard 210/240 with Addenda 1 and 2.
    (23) Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise 
Residential Buildings--ANSI/ASHRAE 62.2.
    (24) Requirements for Gas Connectors for Connection of Fixed 
Appliances for Outdoor Installation, Park Trailers, and Manufactured 
(Mobile) Homes to the Gas Supply--AGA No. 3.

0
35. Amend Sec.  3280.705 by revising paragraphs (b)(1), (3), and (5), 
(c)(2), (e), (f), (j), (l)(1), (l)(2)(ii), and (l)(3) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3280.705  Gas piping systems.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ASME B36.10 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4). Threaded brass pipe in 
iron pipe sizes may be used. Threaded brass pipe shall comply with ASTM 
B43. (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *
    (3) Copper tubing must be annealed type, Grade K or L, conforming 
to ASTM B88 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4), or must 
comply with the ASTM B280 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4). Copper tubing must be internally tinned.
* * * * *
    (5) Corrugated stainless steel tubing (CSST) systems must be listed 
and installed in accordance with ANSI LC 1 (CSA Group; incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4), and the requirements of this section.
    (c) * * *
    (2) The connection(s) between units must be made with a 
connector(s) listed for exterior use or direct plumbing sized in 
accordance with paragraph (d) of this section. A shutoff valve of the 
non-displaceable rotor type conforming to ANSI Z21.15 (CSA Group; 
incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4), suitable for outdoor use 
must be installed at each crossover point upstream of the connection.
* * * * *
    (e) Joints for gas pipe. All pipe joints in the piping system, 
unless welded or brazed, shall be threaded joints that comply with 
ANSI/ASME B1.20.1 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4). Right 
and left nipples or couplings shall not be used. Unions, if used, shall 
be of ground joint type. The material used for welding or brazing pipe 
connections shall have a melting temperature in excess of 1,000 [deg]F.
    (f) Joints for tubing. (1) Tubing joints shall be made with either 
a single or a double flare of 45 degrees in accordance with SAE J533 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4) or with other listed 
vibration-resistant fittings, or joints may be brazed with material 
having a melting point exceeding 1,000 [deg]F. Metallic ball sleeve 
compression-type tubing fittings shall not be used.
    (2) Steel tubing joints shall be made with a double-flare in 
accordance with SAE J533 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *
    (j) Gas supply connection. When gas appliances are installed, at 
least one gas supply connection must be provided on each dwelling unit. 
The connection must not be located beneath an exit door. Where more 
than one connection is provided, the piping system must be sized to 
provide adequate capacity from each supply connection.
* * * * *
    (l) * * *
    (1) General. A listed LP-Gas flexible connection conforming to UL 
569 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4), or equal, must be 
supplied when LP-Gas cylinder(s) and regulator(s) are supplied.
    (2) * * *
    (ii) The outlet must be provided with an approved quick-disconnect 
device, which must be designed to provide a positive seal on the supply 
side of the gas system when the appliance is disconnected. A shutoff 
valve of the non-displaceable rotor type conforming to ANSI Z21.15 (CSA 
Group; incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4), must be installed 
immediately upstream of the quick-disconnect device. The complete 
device must be provided as part of the original installation.
* * * * *
    (3) Valves. A shutoff valve must be installed in the fuel piping at 
each appliance inside the dwelling unit structure or connector in 
addition to any valve on the appliance and so arranged to be accessible 
to permit servicing of the appliance and removal of its components. The 
shutoff valve must be located within 6 feet of any cooking appliance 
and within 3 feet of any other appliance. A shutoff valve may serve 
more than one appliance if located as required by this paragraph 
(l)(3). The shutoff valve must be of the non-displaceable rotor type 
and conform to ANSI Z21.15 (CSA Group; incorporated by reference, see 
Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *

0
36. Amend Sec.  3280.706 by revising paragraphs (b)(1) and (3), and (d) 
to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.706  Oil piping systems.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI/ASME B36.10 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4). Threaded copper or brass 
paper in iron pipe sizes may be used.
* * * * *
    (3) Copper tubing must be annealed type, Grade K or L conforming to 
ASTM B88 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4), or shall comply 
with ASTM B280 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *
    (d) Joints for oil piping. All pipe joints in the piping system, 
unless welded or brazed, shall be threaded joints which comply with 
ANSI/ASME B1.20.1 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4). The 
material used for brazing pipe connections shall have a melting 
temperature in excess of 1,000 [deg]F.
* * * * *

0
37. Amend Sec.  3280.707 by revising paragraphs (a) introductory text, 
(d)(2), and (f) introductory text to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.707  Heat producing appliances.

    (a) Heat producing appliances and vents, roof jacks and chimneys 
necessary for their installation in manufactured homes must be listed 
or certified for residential use by a nationally recognized testing 
agency.
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) All gas and oil-fired automatic storage water heaters shall 
have a recovery efficiency, E, and a standby

[[Page 75755]]

loss, S, as described below. The method of test of E and S shall be as 
described in section 2.7 of Gas Water heaters, Vol. I, Storage Water 
Heaters with Input/Ratings of 75,000 BTU per hour or less, ANSI 
Z21.10.1 (CSA Group; incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4), 
except that for oil-fired units. CF = 1.0, Q = total gallons of oil 
consumed and H = total heating value of oil in BTU/gallon.

                       Table 1 to Paragraph (d)(2)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       Recovery
   Storage capacity in gallons        efficiency         Standby loss
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Less than 25....................  At least 75         Not more than 7.5
                                   percent.            percent.
25 up to 35.....................  00................  Not more than 7
                                                       percent.
35 or more......................  00................  Not more than 6
                                                       percent.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
    (f) Oil-fired heating equipment. All oil-fired heating equipment 
must conform to UL 307A (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4) 
and be installed in accordance with NFPA 31 (incorporated by reference, 
see Sec.  3280.4). Regardless of the requirements of the above-
referenced standards, or any other standards referenced in this part, 
the following are not required:
* * * * *

0
38. Amend Sec.  3280.709 by
0
a. Revising paragraphs (a) introductory text and (g) introductory text;
0
b. Adding a reserved paragraph (g)(2); and
0
c. Revising paragraph (h).
    The revisions and addition read as follows:


Sec.  3280.709  Installation of appliances.

    (a) The installation of each appliance must conform to the terms of 
its listing and the manufacturer's instructions. Every appliance must 
be secured in place to avoid displacement. For the purpose of servicing 
and replacement, each appliance must be both accessible and removable.
* * * * *
    (g) Solid fuel burning fireplaces and fireplace stoves listed for 
residential use may be installed in manufactured homes provided they 
and their installation conform to paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (vii) of 
this section. A fireplace or fireplace stove is not to be considered as 
a heating facility for determining compliance with subpart F of this 
part.
* * * * *
    (h) A corrosion-resistant water drip collection and drain pan must 
be installed under each storage tank-type water heater or a hot water 
storage tank that will allow water leaking from the water heater to 
drain to the exterior of the manufactured home, or to a drain.

0
39. Revise Sec.  3280.711 to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.711  Instructions.

    Operating instructions for each appliance must be provided with the 
homeowner's manual. An additional copy of the operating instructions 
must be provided with each appliance unless the appliance is affixed 
with a permanent Quick Response (QR) Code.

0
40. Amend Sec.  3280.714 by revising paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) to read 
as follows:


Sec.  3280.714  Appliances, cooling.

    (a) * * *
    (1) Mechanical air conditioners shall be rated in accordance with 
the ANSI/AHRI Standard 210/240 with Addenda 1 and 2 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4) and certified by AHRI or other nationally 
recognized testing agency capable of providing follow-up service.
    (i) Electric motor-driven unitary air-cooled air conditioners and 
heat pumps in the cooling mode with rated capacity less than 65,000 
BTU/hour (19,045 watts), when rated at AHRI standard rating conditions 
in ANSI/AHRI Standard 210/240 with Addenda 1 and 2 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4), must have seasonal energy efficiency 
(SEER) values not less than as specified in 10 CFR part 430, Energy 
Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Central Air Conditioners 
and Heat Pumps Energy Conservation Standards.
    (ii) Heat pumps must be certified to comply with all requirements 
of the ANSI/AHRI Standard 210/240 with Addenda 1 and 2 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4). Electric motor-driven vapor compression 
heat pumps with supplemental electrical resistance heat must be sized 
to provide by compression at least 60 percent of the calculated annual 
heating requirements for the manufactured home being served. A control 
must be provided and set to prevent operation of supplemental 
electrical resistance heat at outdoor temperatures above 40 [deg]F (4 
[deg]C), except for defrost conditions. Electric motor-driven vapor 
compression heat pumps with supplemental electric resistance heat 
conforming to ANSI/AHRI Standard 210/240 with Addenda 1 and 2, must 
have Heating Season Performance Factor (HSPF) efficiencies not less 
than as specified in the 10 CFR part 430, Energy Conservation Program 
for Consumer Products: Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps Energy 
Conservation Standards.
    (iii) Electric motor-driven vapor compression heat pumps with 
supplemental electric resistance heat conforming to ANSI/AHRI Standard 
210/240 with Addenda 1 and 2 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4), shall show coefficient of performance ratios not less than 
shown below:

                  Table 1 to Paragraph (a)(1)(iii)--COP
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Coefficient of
            Temperature degrees Fahrenheit                 performance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
47....................................................               2.5
17....................................................               1.7
0.....................................................               1.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Gas fired absorption air conditioners must be listed or 
certified in accordance with ANSI Z21.40.1, (CSA Group; incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4), and certified by a nationally recognized 
testing agency capable of providing follow-up service.
* * * * *

0
41. Amend Sec.  3280.715 by revising paragraphs (a)(1), (c), and (e) 
introductory text to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.715  Circulating air systems.

    (a) * * *
    (1) Supply air ducts, fittings, and any dampers contained there-in 
must be made of galvanized steel, tin-plated steel, or aluminum, or 
must be listed as Class 0 or Class 1 air ducts in accordance with UL 
181 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4). Air ducts and air 
connectors located within three feet of the furnace discharge must be 
rated to withstand the maximum air discharge temperature of the 
equipment. Air connectors must not be used for exterior manufactured 
home duct connections. A duct system integral

[[Page 75756]]

with the structure must be of durable construction that can be 
demonstrated to be equally resistant to fire and deterioration as 
required by this section. Ducts constructed of sheet metal must be in 
accordance with the following table:

   Table 1 to Paragraph (a)(1)--Minimum Metal Thickness for Ducts \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                        Diameter 14 in.    Width over 14
              Duct type                     or less             in.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Round................................              0.013           0.016
Enclosed rectangular.................              0.013           0.016
Exposed rectangular..................              0.016           0.019
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ When ``nominal'' thickness are specified, 0.003 in. shall be added
  to these ``minimum'' metal thicknesses.

* * * * *
    (c) Joints and seams. Joints and seams of sheet metal and factory-
made flexible ducts, including trunks, branches, risers, crossover 
ducts, and crossover duct plenums, shall be mechanically secured and 
made substantially airtight. Slip joints in sheet metal ducts shall 
have a lap of at least one inch (1'') and shall be mechanically 
fastened. Tapes or caulking compounds shall be permitted to be used for 
sealing mechanically secure joints. Sealants and tapes shall be applied 
only to surfaces that are dry and dust-, dirt-, oil-, and grease-free. 
Tapes and mastic closure systems for use with factory-made rigid 
fiberglass air ducts and air connectors shall be listed in accordance 
with UL 181A (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4). Tapes and 
mastic closure systems used with factory-made flexible air ducts and 
air connectors shall be listed in accordance with UL 181B (incorporated 
by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *
    (e) Registers and grilles. Fittings connecting the registers and 
grilles to the duct system must be constructed of metal or material 
that complies with the requirements of Class 1 or 2 ducts under UL 181 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4). Air supply terminal 
devices (registers) when installed in kitchen, bedrooms, and bathrooms 
must be equipped with adjustable closeable dampers. Registers or 
grilles must be constructed of metal or conform with the following:
* * * * *

0
42. Amend Sec.  3280.801 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3280.801  Scope.

    (a) This subpart I incorporates by reference NFPA 70 (incorporated 
by reference, see Sec.  3280.4) including Part II of Article 550 of 
NFPA 70, and covers the electrical conductors and equipment installed 
within or on manufactured homes and the conductors that connect 
manufactured homes to a supply of electricity. However, Articles 
550.4(A) and 550.4(B) of NFPA 70 shall not apply.
    (b) In addition to the requirements of this part and Part II of 
Article 550 of NFPA 70, the applicable portions of other Articles of 
NFPA 70 referenced in this part must be followed for electrical 
installations in manufactured homes. The use of arc-fault breakers 
under the NFPA 70, are only required for general lighting circuits. 
Smoke alarms installed on a dedicated circuit do not require arc fault 
protection. Wherever arc-fault breakers are provided, such use must be 
in accordance with NFPA 70. Wherever the requirements of these 
standards differ from NFPA 70, these standards apply.
* * * * *

0
43. Amend Sec.  3280.802 by revising paragraph (a)(21) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3280.802  Definitions.

    (a) * * *
    (21) Feeder assembly means the overhead or under-chassis feeder 
conductors, including the grounding conductor, together with the 
necessary fittings and equipment, or a power supply cord approved for 
manufactured home use, designed for the purpose of delivering energy 
from the source of electrical supply to the distribution panelboard 
within each dwelling unit.
* * * * *

0
44. Amend Sec.  3280.803 by revising paragraphs (a) and (k)(1) and (3) 
to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.803  Power supply.

    (a) The power supply to the manufactured home must be a feeder 
assembly consisting of not more than one listed 50 ampere manufactured 
home power supply cord, or a permanently installed circuit. A 
manufactured home that is factory equipped with gas or oil-fired 
heating equipment and cooking appliances is permitted to be provided 
with a listed power supply cord rated 40 amperes. This section does not 
apply to multi-dwelling unit manufactured homes.
* * * * *
    (k) * * *
    (1) One mast weatherhead installation installed in accordance with 
Article 230 of NFPA 70 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4), 
containing four continuous insulated, color-coded, feeder conductors, 
one of which shall be an equipment grounding conductor; or
* * * * *
    (3) Service equipment installed in or on the manufactured home, 
provided that all of the following conditions are met:
    (i) In its written installation instructions, the manufacturer must 
include information indicating that the home must be secured in place 
by an anchoring system or installed on and secured to a permanent 
foundation;
    (ii) The installation of the service equipment complies with 
Article 230 of NFPA 70 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4). 
Exterior service equipment or the enclosure in which it is to be 
installed must be weatherproof, and conductors must be suitable for use 
in wet locations;
    (iii) Bonding and grounding of the service must be in accordance 
with Article 250 of NFPA 70 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4);
    (iv) The manufacturer must include in its installation instructions 
one method of grounding the service equipment at the installation site. 
The instructions must clearly state that other methods of grounding are 
found in Article 250 of NFPA 70;
    (v) The minimum size grounding electrode conductor must be 
specified in the instructions; and
    (vi) A red warning label must be mounted on or adjacent to the 
service equipment. The label must state the following: WARNING--DO NOT 
PROVIDE ELECTRICAL POWER UNTIL THE GROUNDING ELECTRODE(S) IS INSTALLED 
AND CONNECTED (SEE INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS).

0
45. Amend Sec.  3280.804 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (a) and (c);
0
b. Revising paragraph (g) introductory text;
0
c. Adding reserved paragraph (g)(2);

[[Page 75757]]

0
c. Revising paragraph (k); and
0
d. Adding paragraph (m).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  3280.804  Disconnecting means and branch-circuit protective 
equipment.

    (a) The branch-circuit equipment is permitted to be combined with 
the disconnecting means as a single assembly. Such a combination is 
permitted to be designated as a distribution panelboard. If a fused 
distribution panelboard is used, the maximum fuse size for the mains 
shall be plainly marked, with the lettering at least \1/4\ inch high 
and visible when fuses are changed. See Article 110.22 of NFPA 70 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4), concerning the 
identification of each disconnecting means and each service, feeder, or 
branch circuit at the point where it originated, and the type of 
marking needed.
* * * * *
    (c) A single disconnecting means must be provided in each dwelling 
unit, consisting of a circuit breaker, or a switch and fuses and its 
accessories, installed in a readily accessible location near the point 
of entrance of the supply cord or conductors into the dwelling unit.
* * * * *
    (g) Branch-circuit distribution equipment must be installed in each 
dwelling unit and must include overcurrent protection for each branch 
circuit consisting of either circuit breakers or fuses.
* * * * *
    (k) When a home is provided with installed service equipment, a 
single disconnecting means for disconnecting the branch circuit 
conductors from the service entrance conductors must be provided in 
accordance with Article 230, Part VI of NFPA 70 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4). The disconnecting means shall be listed 
for use as service equipment. The disconnecting means may be combined 
with the disconnect required by paragraph (c) of this section. The 
disconnecting means shall be rated not more than the ampere supply or 
service capacity indicated on the tag required by paragraph (l) of this 
section.
* * * * *
    (m) A service distribution panel must be factory installed and 
connected to the subpanels on multi-dwelling unit manufactured homes.

0
46. Amend Sec.  3280.805 by revising paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(3)(iv) 
to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.805  Branch circuits required.

    (a) * * *
    (1) Lighting. For lighting, the number of 15 or 20 ampere lighting 
circuits is based on a 3 volt-amperes per square foot times the outside 
dimensions of each story of each dwelling unit (coupler excluded) 
divided by 120 volts times the amperes.

Example 1 to Paragraph (a)(1)

    # of Lighting Circuits = (3 x L x W x # of Stories)/(120 x (15 or 
20))
* * * * *
    (3) * * *
    (iv) The rating of the range branch circuit is based on the range 
demand as specified for ranges in Sec.  3280.811(a)(5). For central air 
conditioning, see Article 440 of NFPA 70 (incorporated by reference, 
see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *

0
47. Amend Sec.  3280.806 by revising paragraphs (a)(2) and (d)(8) to 
read as follows:


Sec.  3280.806  Receptacle outlets.

    (a) * * *
    (2) Installed according to Article 406.3 of NFPA 70 (incorporated 
by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (8) At least one receptacle outlet shall be installed outdoors. 
Additional outdoor receptacles shall be installed in accordance with 
Article 210.52(E)(3) of NFPA 70 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4), except those balconies, decks, or porches with an area of less 
than 20 square feet are not required to have an additional receptacle 
installed.
* * * * *

0
48. Amend Sec.  3280.807 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.807  Fixtures and appliances.

* * * * *
    (c) Where a lighting fixture is installed over a bathtub or in a 
shower stall, it must be listed for wet locations. See also Article 
410.410(D) of NFPA 70 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *

0
49. Amend Sec.  3280.808 by revising paragraphs (a), (k), (l), and (p) 
to read as follows:


Sec.  3280.808  Wiring methods and materials.

    (a) Except as specifically permitted by this part, the wiring 
methods and materials specified in NFPA 70 (incorporated by reference, 
see Sec.  3280.4) must be used in manufactured homes.
* * * * *
    (k) Where outdoor or under-chassis line voltage (120 volts, nominal 
or higher) wiring is exposed to moisture or subject to physical damage, 
it must be protected by a conduit or raceway approved for use in wet 
locations. The conductors must be suitable for use in wet locations.
    (l) Outlet boxes of dimensions less than those required in table 
314.16(A) of NFPA 70 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  3280.4), are 
permitted provided the box has been tested and approved for that 
purpose.
* * * * *
    (p) A substantial brace for securing a box, fitting, or cabinet 
must be as described in Article 314.23(B) of NFPA 70 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4), or the brace, including the fastening 
mechanism to attach the brace to the home structure, must withstand a 
force of 50 lbs. applied to the brace at the intended point(s) of 
attachment for the box in a direction perpendicular to the surface on 
which the box is installed.
* * * * *

0
50. Amend Sec.  3280.810 by revising paragraph (b)(3) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3280.810  Electrical testing.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (3) Electrical polarity checks to determine that connections have 
been made in accordance with applicable provisions of these standards 
and Article 550.17 of NFPA 70 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4). Visual verification is an acceptable electrical polarity 
check.

0
51. Amend Sec.  3280.811 by revising paragraph (b) introductory text to 
read as follows:


Sec.  3280.811  Calculations.

* * * * *
    (b) The following is an optional method of calculation for lighting 
and appliance loads for manufactured homes served by single 3-wire 120/
240 volt set of feeder conductors with an ampacity of 100 or greater. 
The total load for determining the feeder ampacity may be computed in 
accordance with the following table instead of the method previously 
specified. Feeder conductors whose demand load is determined by this 
optional calculation are permitted to have the neutral load determined 
by Article 220.61 of NFPA 70 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
3280.4). The loads identified in the table as ``other load'' and as 
``Remainder of other load'' must include the following:
* * * * *

0
52. Amend Sec.  3280.1003 by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read as 
follows:

[[Page 75758]]

Sec.  3280.1003  Attached manufactured home unit separation.

    (a) * * *
    (1) Attached manufactured homes shall be separated from each other 
by a fire separation wall of not less than 1-hour fire-resistive rating 
with exposure from both sides on each attached manufactured home unit 
when rated based on tests in accordance with ASTM E119 (incorporated by 
reference, see Sec.  3280.4).
* * * * *

PART 3282--MANUFACTURED HOME PROCEDURAL AND ENFORCEMENT REGULATIONS

0
53. The authority citation for part 3282 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  15 U.S.C. 2697, 28 U.S.C. 2461 note, 42 U.S.C. 
3535(d), 5403, and 5424.


0
54. Amend Sec.  3282.7 by revising paragraphs (t) and (v) and removing 
paragraph (oo) to read as follows:


Sec.  3282.7  Definitions.

* * * * *
    (t) Length of manufactured home is defined in Sec.  3280.2 of this 
chapter.
* * * * *
    (v) Manufactured home is defined in Sec.  3280.2 of this chapter.
* * * * *


Sec.  3282.8  [Amended]

0
55. Amend Sec.  3282.8 by removing paragraph (l).

0
56. Revise Sec.  3282.552 to read as follows:


Sec.  3282.552  Manufacturer reports for joint monitoring fees.

    The manufacturer must submit to the IPIA in each of its 
manufacturing plants, and to HUD or to the Secretary's agent, a monthly 
production report that includes the serial numbers of each manufactured 
home manufactured and labeled at that plant during the preceding month. 
The report must also include the date of manufacture, State of first 
location of these manufactured homes after leaving the plant, type of 
unit, number of dwelling units, and any other information required 
under this part. For all homes to be completed pursuant to subpart M of 
this part, the production report must also include a brief description 
of the work to be completed on site. The State of first location is the 
State of the premises of the retailer or purchaser to whom the 
manufactured home is first shipped. The monthly report must be 
submitted by the 10th day of each month and contain information 
describing the manufacturer's previous month's activities. The 
manufacturer is encouraged to submit the report electronically, when 
feasible.

PART 3285--MODEL MANUFACTURED HOME INSTALLATION STANDARDS

0
57. The authority citation for part 3285 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 3535(d), 5403, 5404, and 5424.


0
58. Amend Sec.  3285.5 by adding, in alphabetical order, definitions 
for ``Peak cap assembly'' and ``Peak flip assembly'' to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3285.5  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Peak cap assembly means any roof peak assembly that is either 
shipped loose or site completed and is site installed to finish the 
roof ridge/peak of a home.
* * * * *
    Peak flip assembly means any roof peak assembly that requires the 
joining of two or more cut top chord members on site. The cut top 
chords must be joined at the factory by straps, hinges, or other means.
* * * * *

0
59. Amend Sec.  3285.503 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:


Sec.  3285.503  Optional appliances.

* * * * *
    (b) Fireplaces and wood-stoves. When not provided by the home 
manufacturer, fireplaces and wood-stoves must be listed for residential 
use and must be installed in accordance with their listings.
* * * * *

0
60. Add Sec.  3285.506 to subpart F to read as follows:


Sec.  3285.506  Testing and certification for fire sprinkler systems.

    The installer shall ensure that a fire protection technician 
certifies and tests residential fire sprinkler systems on site in 
accordance with the home manufacturer's instructions and as outlined in 
Sec.  3280.214 of this chapter. The fire protection technician 
conducting the required testing should complete and Fire Sprinkler 
System Certificate so that a required listed minimum water supply is 
reported as available for the system. The installer will provide the 
testing requirements specified in Sec.  3280.612(a) of this chapter and 
maintain a copy of the test report collected from the fire protection 
technician.

0
61. Amend Sec.  3285.603 by revising paragraphs (d)(3) and (e)(1) to 
read as follows:


Sec.  3285.603  Water supply.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (3) Only heat tape or pipe heating cable listed and certified for 
its intended purpose is permitted for use, and it must be installed in 
accordance with tape or cable manufacturer installation instructions.
    (e) * * *
    (1) The water system must be inspected and tested for leaks after 
completion at the site. The installation instructions must provide 
testing requirements that are in accordance with the piping 
manufacturer's instructions.
* * * * *

0
62. Amend Sec.  3285.801 by revising paragraph (f)(2) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3285.801  Exterior close-up.

* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (2) In which the roof pitch of the hinged roof is less than 7:12, 
including designs incorporating peak cap or peak flip assembly 
components; and
* * * * *

PART 3286--MANUFACTURED HOME INSTALLATION PROGRAM

0
63. The authority citation for part 3286 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 3535(d), 5404, and 5424.

0
64. Revise Sec.  3286.103 to read as follows:


Sec.  3286.103  DAPIA-approved installation instructions.

    (a) Providing instructions to purchaser or lessee. (1) For each 
manufactured home sold or leased to a purchaser or lessee, the retailer 
must provide the purchaser or lessee with the manufacturer's DAPIA-
approved installation instructions for the home, a copy of which is 
shipped with the home in accordance with Sec.  3285.2 of this chapter.
    (2) If the installation requires a design that is different from 
that provided by the manufacturer in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, 
the installation design and instructions must be prepared and certified 
by a professional engineer or registered architect, that have been 
approved by the manufacturer and the DAPIA as providing a level of 
protection for residents of the home that equals or exceeds the 
protection provided by the Federal installation standards in part 3285 
of this chapter. The retailer or manufacturer must provide the 
installation design and instructions to the purchaser or lessee.

[[Page 75759]]

    (b) Providing instructions to installer. When the retailer or 
manufacturer agrees to provide any set up in connection with the sale 
of the home, the retailer or manufacturer must provide to the licensed 
installer a copy of the approved installation instructions required in 
paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this section or, as applicable, to each 
company or, in the case of sole proprietor, to each individual who 
performs setup or installation work on the home.

0
65. Amend Sec.  3286.205 by revising paragraph (d) to read as follows:


Sec.  3286.205  Prerequisites for installation license.

* * * * *
    (d) Insurance and either a surety bond or irrevocable letter of 
credit. An applicant for an installation license must provide evidence 
of and must maintain, when available in the State of installation, 
insurance and either a surety bond or irrevocable letter of credit that 
will cover the cost of repairing all damage to the home and its 
supports caused by the installer during the installation up to and 
including replacement of the home. HUD may require the licensed 
installer to provide proof of the surety bond or insurance at any time. 
The licensed installer must notify HUD of any changes or cancellations 
with the insurance coverage, surety bond, or irrevocable letter of 
credit.

0
66. Amend Sec.  3286.207 by revising paragraph (d) to read as follows:


Sec.  3286.207  Process for obtaining installation license.

* * * * *
    (d) Proof of insurance and either a surety bond or irrevocable 
letter of credit. Every applicant for an installation license must 
submit the name and proof of the applicant's insurance carrier and the 
number of the policy, surety bond, or irrevocable letter of credit 
required in Sec.  3286.205(d).
* * * * *

0
67. Amend Sec.  3286.209 by revising paragraph (b)(8)(vi) to read as 
follows:


Sec.  3286.209  Denial, suspension, or revocation of installation 
license.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (8) * * *
    (vi) Failure to maintain the insurance and either a surety bond or 
irrevocable letter of credit, required by Sec.  3286.205(d).
* * * * *

0
68. Amend Sec.  3286.409 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:


Sec.  3286.409  Obtaining inspection.

* * * * *
    (b) Contract rights not affected. Failure to arrange for an 
inspection of a home within 10 business days will not affect the 
validity or enforceability of any sale or contract for the sale of any 
manufactured home.
* * * * *

Julia Gordon,
Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal Housing Commissioner.
[FR Doc. 2024-20545 Filed 9-11-24; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4210-67-P