[Federal Register Volume 89, Number 126 (Monday, July 1, 2024)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 54358-54362]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2024-14136]



[[Page 54358]]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 52

[EPA-R08-OAR-2020-0098; FRL-12019-01-R8]


Air Plan Approval; State of Utah; Utah State Implementation Plan 
Revisions

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is approving State 
Implementation Plan (SIP) revisions submitted by the State of Utah on 
April 19, 2018; May 21, 2020; and July 21, 2020. These SIP submissions 
include revisions to air quality rules within Utah Administrative Code 
(UAC) title R307. EPA is taking this action pursuant to the Clean Air 
Act (CAA or the Act).

DATES: This rule is effective on July 31, 2024.

ADDRESSES: EPA has established a docket for this action under Docket ID 
No. EPA-R08-OAR-2020-0098. All documents in the docket are listed on 
the https://www.regulations.gov website. Although listed in the index, 
some information is not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other 
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other 
material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the internet 
and will be publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly 
available docket materials are available through https://www.regulations.gov, or please contact the person identified in the FOR 
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section for additional availability 
information.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Crystal Ostigaard, Air and Radiation 
Division, EPA, Region 8, Mailcode 8ARD-IO, 1595 Wynkoop Street, Denver, 
Colorado 80202-1129, telephone number: (303) 312-6602, email address: 
[email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Throughout this document ``we,'' ``us,'' and 
``our'' means EPA.

I. Background

    The background and legal basis for this action are discussed in 
detail in our November 6, 2020 proposal (85 FR 71023).\1\ We proposed 
to approve the Governor of Utah's submittal of May 21, 2020, including 
revisions to UAC R307-110-32 (which incorporates by reference Utah SIP 
section X.B., the vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) program for 
Davis County) and R307-110-35 (which incorporates by reference Utah SIP 
section X.E., the vehicle I/M program for Weber County).
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    \1\ The November 6, 2020 (85 FR 71023) proposed rule also 
contained our proposed approvals of the Salt Lake City and Provo 
Serious PM2.5 redesignation requests; maintenance plans; 
the maintenance plans' 2035 motor vehicle emissions budgets (MVEB) 
for emissions of direct PM2.5, nitrogen oxides 
(NOX) and volatile organic compounds (VOC); each 
maintenance plan's budget trading mechanisms related to emissions of 
PM2.5 precursors; UT SIP sections IX.H.11, 12, and 13; 
R307-110-10; R307-110-17; and each nonattainment area's (NAA) full 
best available control measure/best available control technology 
(BACM/BACT) determinations for major stationary sources, area 
sources, and on-road and off-road mobile sources. We are not taking 
final action on any of these proposed submissions within this action 
but will be addressing them in one or more future actions.
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    Additionally, we proposed to approve SIP revisions and new rules 
submitted by the Utah Division of Air Quality (UDAQ) on April 19, 2018, 
May 21, 2020, and July 21, 2020, specifically UAC R307-208, R307-230, 
R307-304, R307-335, R307-343, R307-344, R307-345, R307-346, R307-347, 
R307-348, R307-349, R307-350, R307-351, R307-352, R307-353, R307-354 
and R307-355.

II. Response to Comments

    Our proposed rulemaking provided notice of a 30-day public comment 
period. On November 10, 2020, Utah Physicians for a Healthy Environment 
submitted a request to extend the comment period by thirty days and for 
EPA to grant a formal, online hearing. EPA reviewed this request but 
denied it, maintaining the original December 7, 2020, comment deadline 
and declining to hold the requested hearing.\2\ EPA received no 
comments specific to these four submittals.
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    \2\ Located within the docket, titled ``11-10-2020 public 
comment--Dr. Moench_EPA Response.''
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III. Final Action

    We are approving the submittal of May 21, 2020, with revisions to 
R307-110-32, R307-110-35 (including the incorporated-by-reference 
revisions to Utah SIP Sections X.B. and X.E., which are the I/M 
programs for Davis and Weber Counties), but we are not acting on 
appendix D (Diesel Inspection Procedures) or appendix F (Diesel Fueled 
Vehicle Test Procedure) of Utah SIP sections X.B. and X.E., 
respectively.\3\ The diesel inspection and testing procedures in these 
two appendices are not required submissions under CAA section 110(c) or 
required plan items under CAA section 179, and EPA has not promulgated 
criteria for evaluating them in 40 CFR part 51, subpart S. Further, 
there is a lack of correlation between opacity and particulate matter 
(PM) mass emissions in diesel vehicles, and relevant literature and 
studies suggest that adjusting diesel vehicles to reduce the opacity of 
emissions may result in an increase in emissions of NOX, 
which is a precursor to the formation of PM2.5.\4\
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    \3\ General information on diesel vehicles in I/M Programs: 
https://www.epa.gov/state-and-local-transportation/vehicle-emissions-inspection-and-maintenance-im-information-state; February 
1995, EPA-AA-EPSD-IM-94-1226, EPA I/M Briefing Book--Everything You 
Ever Wanted to Know About Inspection and Maintenance (pg. 146-147); 
April 3, 1997, Guidance to States on In-Use Smoke Test Procedure for 
Highway Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles; and February 25, 1999, Guidance 
to States on Smoke Opacity Cutpoints to be used with the SAE J1667 
In-Use Smoke Test Procedures.
    \4\ McCormick, R.; Graboski, M.; Alleman, T.; Alvarez, J.; 
Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 630-637.
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    EPA is also approving Utah UAC sections R307-200 and R307-300 
revisions and new rules submitted by UDAQ on April 19, 2018, May 21, 
2020, and July 21, 2020, which strengthen the SIP. These rules are 
R307-208, R307-230, R307-304, R307-335, R307-343, R307-344, R307-345, 
R307-346, R307-347, R307-348, R307-349, R307-350, R307-351, R307-352, 
R307-353, R307-354 and R307-355.
    The revisions being approved in this final action clarify several 
area source rules, including reorganizing provisions related to work 
practices and recordkeeping, and make other general administrative 
updates. In this final rule we are not determining that any rule 
satisfies BACM requirements for the Serious PM2.5 
nonattainment areas (NAAs), nor are we reconsidering the substantive 
approvability under the CAA of provisions that have been previously 
approved into the SIP.

IV. Environmental Justice Considerations

    EPA reviewed demographic data, which provides an assessment of 
individual demographic groups of the populations living within the Salt 
Lake City and Provo PM2.5 NAAs.\5\ EPA then compared the 
data to the national average for each of the demographic groups. The 
results of this analysis are being provided for informational and 
transparency purposes. The results of the demographic analysis indicate 
that, for populations within the Salt Lake City PM2.5 NAA, 
the percentage of the population consisting of people of color is less 
than the national average (25% vs. 40%). For populations within the

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Provo PM2.5 NAA, the results of the demographic analysis 
indicate that the percentage of the population consisting of people of 
color is less than the national average (18% vs. 40%). The percentage 
of people living below the poverty level in the Salt Lake City 
PM2.5 NAA is lower than the national average (23% vs. 30%). 
For the Provo PM2.5 NAA, the percentage of people living 
below the poverty level is lower than the national average (27% vs. 
30%).
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    \5\ The Salt Lake City and Provo PM2.5 NAA boundaries 
can be found at: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-81/subpart-C/section-81.345, within the Utah--2006 
24-Hour PM2.5 NAAQS table.
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    This final action approves state rules and rule revisions into the 
SIP and will establish federally enforceable requirements that will 
reduce emissions of PM2.5 and PM2.5 precursors. 
We expect that this action and the resulting emissions reductions will 
be neutral or will contribute to reduced environmental and health 
impacts on all populations in the NAAs, including people of color and 
low-income populations in the Salt Lake City and Provo PM2.5 
NAAs. Further, there is no information in the record indicating that 
this action is expected to have disproportionately high or adverse 
human health or environmental effects on a particular group of people.

V. Incorporation by Reference

    In this document, EPA is taking final action to approve regulatory 
text that includes incorporation by reference. In accordance with 
requirements of 1 CFR 51.5, EPA is taking final action to approve the 
incorporation by reference of: R307-110-32; R307-110-35; R307-208; 
R307-230; R307-304; R307-335; R307-343; R307-344; R307-345; R307-346; 
R307-347; R307-348; R307-349; R307-350; R307-351; R307-352; R307-353; 
R307-354; R307-355; Utah SIP section X.B., excluding appendix D; and 
Utah SIP section X.E., excluding appendix F, as discussed in section 
III. of this preamble. EPA has made, and will continue to make, these 
materials generally available through https://www.regulations.gov and 
at the EPA Region 8 Office (please contact the person identified in the 
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section of this preamble for more 
information). Therefore, these materials have been approved by EPA for 
inclusion in the State implementation plan, have been incorporated by 
reference by EPA into that plan, are fully federally enforceable under 
sections 110 and 113 of the CAA as of the effective date of the final 
rulemaking of EPA's approval, and will be incorporated by reference in 
the next update to the SIP compilation.\6\
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    \6\ See 62 FR 27968 (May 22, 1997).
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VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    Under the CAA, the Administrator is required to approve a SIP 
submission that complies with the provisions of the Act and applicable 
federal regulations. 42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 CFR 52.02(a). Thus, in 
reviewing SIP submissions, EPA's role is to approve state choices, 
provided that they meet the criteria of the Clean Air Act. Accordingly, 
this action approves state law as meeting federal requirements and does 
not impose additional requirements beyond those imposed by state law. 
For that reason, this action:
     Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' subject to 
review by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Orders 
12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993) and 13563 (76 FR 3821, January 21, 
2011);
     Does not impose an information collection burden under the 
Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
     Is certified as not having a significant economic impact 
on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
     Does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or 
uniquely affect small governments, described in the Unfunded Mandates 
Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4);
     Does not have federalism implications as specified in 
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
     Is not an economically significant regulatory action based 
on health or safety risks subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 
19885, April 23, 1997);
     Is not a significant regulatory action subject to 
Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001); and
     Is not subject to requirements of section 12(d) of the 
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 
note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent 
with the CAA.
    In addition, the SIP is not approved to apply on any Indian 
reservation land or in any other area where EPA or an Indian tribe has 
demonstrated that a tribe has jurisdiction. Accordingly, the rule does 
not have tribal implications and will not impose substantial direct 
costs on tribal governments or preempt tribal law as specified by 
Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000).
    Finally, Executive Order 12898 (Federal Actions To Address 
Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income 
Populations, 59 FR 7629, Feb. 16, 1994) directs federal agencies to 
identify and address ``disproportionately high and adverse human health 
or environmental effects'' of their actions on minority populations and 
low-income populations to the greatest extent practicable and permitted 
by law. EPA defines environmental justice (EJ) as ``the fair treatment 
and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, 
national origin, or income with respect to the development, 
implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and 
policies.'' EPA further defines the term fair treatment to mean that 
``no group of people should bear a disproportionate burden of 
environmental harms and risks, including those resulting from the 
negative environmental consequences of industrial, governmental, and 
commercial operations or programs and policies.'' The air agency did 
not evaluate environmental justice considerations as part of its SIP 
submittal; the CAA and applicable implementing regulations neither 
prohibit nor require such an evaluation. Consistent with EPA's 
discretion under the CAA, EPA has evaluated the environmental justice 
considerations of this action, as is described above in the section 
titled, ``Environmental Justice Considerations.'' Due to the nature of 
the action being taken here, this action is expected to have a neutral 
to positive impact on the air quality of the affected area. In 
addition, there is no information in the record inconsistent with the 
stated goal of E.O. 12898 of achieving environmental justice for people 
of color, low-income populations, and Indigenous peoples.
    The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the 
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally 
provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating 
the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule, 
to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the 
United States. EPA will submit a report containing this action and 
other required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of 
Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior 
to publication of the rule in the Federal Register. A major rule cannot 
take effect until 60 days after it is published in the Federal 
Register. This action is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C. 
804(2).
    Under section 307(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act, petitions for 
judicial review of this action must be filed in the United States Court 
of Appeals for the appropriate circuit by August 30, 2024. Filing a 
petition for reconsideration by

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the Administrator of this final rule does not affect the finality of 
this action for the purposes of judicial review nor does it extend the 
time within which a petition for judicial review may be filed, and 
shall not postpone the effectiveness of such rule or action. This 
action may not be challenged later in proceedings to enforce its 
requirements (see section 307(b)(2)).

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Carbon monoxide, 
Greenhouse gases, Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental 
relations, Lead, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, Particulate matter, Reporting 
and recordkeeping requirements, Sulfur oxides, Volatile organic 
compounds.

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

    Dated: June 17, 2024.
KC Becker,
Regional Administrator, Region 8.

    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, 40 CFR part 52 is 
amended as follows:

PART 52--APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS

0
1. The authority citation for part 52 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

Subpart TT--Utah

0
2. In Sec.  52.2320:
0
a. In the table in paragraph (c):
0
i. Revise the entries ``R307-110-32'' and ``R307-110-35'';
0
ii. Add the center heading ``R307-208. Outdoor Wood Boilers'' and the 
entry ``R307-208'' in numerical order;
0
iii. Add the center heading ``R307-230. NOX Emission Limits 
for Natural Gas-Fired Water Heaters'' and the entry ``R307-230'' in 
numerical order;
0
iv. Add the center heading ``R307-304. Solvent Cleaning'' and the entry 
``R307-304'' in numerical order;
0
v. Revise the center heading ``R307-335. Degreasing and Solvent 
Cleaning Operations'' to read ``R307-335. Degreasing'' and the entry 
``R307-335''; and
0
vi. Revise the entries ``R307-343'', ``R307-344'', ``R307-345'', 
``R307-346'', ``R307-347'', ``R307-348'', ``R307-349'', ``R307-350'', 
``R307-351'', ``R307-352'', ``R307-353'', ``R307-354'', and ``R307-
355''.
0
b. In the table in paragraph (e):
0
i. Revise the entries ``Section X.B. Davis County'' and ``Section X.E. 
Weber County''.
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  52.2320  Identification of plan.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *

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                                                         State       Final rule citation,
          Rule No.                 Rule title       effective date           date                 Comments
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                                                  * * * * * * *
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                            R307-110. General Requirements: State Implementation Plan
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                                                  * * * * * * *
R307-110-32................  Section X, Vehicle           3/4/2020  [insert Federal        Excluding appendix D.
                              Inspection and                         Register citation],
                              Maintenance Program,                   7/1/2024.
                              Part B, Davis County.
 
                                                  * * * * * * *
R307-110-35................  Section X, Vehicle           3/4/2020  [insert Federal        Excluding appendix F.
                              Inspection and                         Register citation],
                              Maintenance Program,                   7/1/2024.
                              Part E, Weber County.
 
                                                  * * * * * * *
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                                         R307-208. Outdoor Wood Boilers
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R307-208...................  Outdoor Wood Boilers.       4/10/2013  [insert Federal
                                                                     Register citation],
                                                                     7/1/2024.
 
                                                  * * * * * * *
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                        R307-230. NO Emission Limits for Natural Gas-Fired Water Heaters
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R307-230...................  NOX Emission Limits          4/3/2017  [insert Federal
                              for Natural Gas-                       Register citation],
                              Fired Water Heaters.                   7/1/2024.
 
                                                  * * * * * * *
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                                           R307-304. Solvent Cleaning
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R307-304...................  Solvent Cleaning.....       12/6/2017  [insert Federal
                                                                     Register citation],
                                                                     7/1/2024.
 
                                                  * * * * * * *
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                                              R307-335. Degreasing
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R307-335...................  Degreasing...........      10/29/2017  [insert Federal
                                                                     Register citation],
                                                                     7/1/2024.
 

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                                                  * * * * * * *
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                    R307-343. Emissions Standards for Wood Furniture Manufacturing Operations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R307-343...................  Emissions Standards         12/6/2017  [insert Federal
                              for Wood Furniture                     Register citation],
                              Manufacturing                          7/1/2024.
                              Operations.
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                                     R307-344. Paper, Film, & Foil Coatings
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R307-344...................  Paper, Film, & Foil         12/6/2017  [insert Federal
                              Coatings.                              Register citation],
                                                                     7/1/2024.
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                                        R307-345. Fabric & Vinyl Coatings
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R307-345...................  Fabric & Vinyl              12/6/2017  [insert Federal
                              Coatings.                              Register citation],
                                                                     7/1/2024.
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                                   R307-346. Metal Furniture Surface Coatings
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R307-346...................  Metal Furniture             12/6/2017  [insert Federal
                              Surface Coatings.                      Register citation],
                                                                     7/1/2024.
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                                   R307-347. Large Appliance Surface Coatings
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R307-347...................  Large Appliance             12/6/2017  [insert Federal
                              Surface Coatings.                      Register citation],
                                                                     7/1/2024.
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                                         R307-348. Magnet Wire Coatings
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R307-348...................  Magnet Wire Coatings.       12/6/2017  [insert Federal
                                                                     Register citation],
                                                                     7/1/2024.
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                                       R307-349. Flat Wood Panel Coatings
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R307-349...................  Flat Wood Panel             12/6/2017  [insert Federal
                              Coatings.                              Register citation],
                                                                     7/1/2024.
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                             R307-350. Miscellaneous Metal Parts & Products Coatings
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R307-350...................  Miscellaneous Metal         12/6/2017  [insert Federal
                              Parts & Products                       Register citation],
                              Coatings.                              7/1/2024.
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                                             R307-351. Graphic Arts
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R307-351...................  Graphic Arts.........       12/6/2017  [insert Federal
                                                                     Register citation],
                                                                     7/1/2024.
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                                  R307-352. Metal Container, Closure & Coatings
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R307-352...................  Metal Container,            12/6/2017  [insert Federal
                              Closure & Coatings.                    Register citation],
                                                                     7/1/2024.
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                                        R307-353. Plastic Parts Coatings
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R307-353...................  Plastic Parts               12/6/2017  [insert Federal
                              Coatings.                              Register citation],
                                                                     7/1/2024.
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                                    R307-354. Automotive Refinishing Coatings
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R307-354...................  Automotive                  12/6/2017  [insert Federal
                              Refinishing Coatings.                  Register citation],
                                                                     7/1/2024.
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                  R307-355. Control of Emissions from Aerospace Manufacture & Rework Facilities
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R307-355...................  Control of Emissions        12/6/2017  [insert Federal
                              from Aerospace                         Register citation],
                              Manufacture & Rework                   7/1/2024.
                              Facilities.
 
                                                  * * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
    (e) * * *

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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     State
                  Rule title                    effective date     Final rule citation,  date        Comments
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                                                  * * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  X. Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance Program
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                                                  * * * * * * *
Section X.B. Davis County.....................        3/4/2020  [insert Federal Register
                                                                 citation], 7/1/2024.
 
                                                  * * * * * * *
Section X.E. Weber County.....................        3/4/2020  [insert Federal Register
                                                                 citation], 7/1/2024.
 
                                                  * * * * * * *
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[FR Doc. 2024-14136 Filed 6-28-24; 8:45 am]
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