[Federal Register Volume 89, Number 117 (Monday, June 17, 2024)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 51234-51238]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2024-13196]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Parts 1036, 1037, and 1065

[EPA-HQ-OAR-2022-0985; FRL-8952-03-OAR]
RIN 2060-AV50


Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for Heavy-Duty Vehicles--Phase 
3; Correction

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule; correction.

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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is issuing a 
correction to a final rule published in the Federal Register of Monday, 
April 22, 2024, which will be effective June 21, 2024. The final rule 
established new emission standards for heavy-duty highway vehicles, 
along with several amendments for a wide range of highway and nonroad 
engines and vehicles. This document corrects inadvertent errors 
introduced in preparing the amendatory regulatory text for publication. 
These corrections do not include any substantives change to the final 
rule.

DATES: This correction is effective June 21, 2024.

DATES: EPA has established a docket for this action under Docket ID No. 
EPA-HQ-OAR-2022-0985. Publicly available docket materials are available 
either electronically at www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at Air and 
Radiation Docket and Information Center, EPA Docket Center, EPA/DC, EPA 
WJC West Building, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW, Room 3334, Washington, 
DC.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jessica Brakora, Assessment and 
Standards Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, 
Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 
48105; telephone number: (734) 214-4936; email address: 
[email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: EPA is making several corrections for 
inadvertent errors in the regulatory text for the final rule:
     Two variables in the variable definitions and example of 
Eq. 1036.535-1 are formatted improperly in the Federal Register; we are 
correcting those variable formats in 40 CFR 1036.535(b)(8).
     The equation text of Eq. 1036.545-3 was included in the 
signed final rule but is missing in the Federal Register; we are 
restoring Eq. 1036.545-3 in 40 CFR 1036.545(f)(3).

[[Page 51235]]

     Two variables in the variable definitions of Eq. 1036.545-
11 are formatted improperly in the Federal Register; we are correcting 
those variable formats in 40 CFR 1036.545(o)(4)(iii).
     Table 1 of paragraph (b)(1) of Sec.  1037.105 incorrectly 
presents the tractor vehicle standards in place of the vocational 
vehicle standards; we are replacing the published table with the 
correct table for the vocational vehicle standards in 40 CFR 
1037.105(b)(1).
     Table 1 of paragraph (b)(1) of Sec.  1037.106 as published 
does not clearly present the heavy-haul standards that apply each model 
year; we are replacing the table with an image that more clearly 
differentiates heavy-haul standards in 40 CFR 1037.106(b)(1).
     Paragraphs (f)(5)(ii) and (iii) of 40 CFR 1065.510 are 
published as a single paragraph in the Federal Register; we are adding 
a line break to separate the paragraphs.
     The equation number for Eq. 1065.602-19 in 40 CFR 
1065.602(m)(1)(ii) is placed below the example calculations in the 
Federal Register; we are moving the equation number to be directly 
below the equation text.
     Subscripts within the heading of table 3 to paragraph 
(e)(4) of Sec.  1065.656 are improperly formatted in the Federal 
Register; we are replacing the table with an image to ensure that the 
characters render properly.
     The table note reference in the table caption of table 1 
to paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of Sec.  1065.750 is improperly formatted in 
the publication version; we are replacing the capital ``A'' with a 
lowercase ``a'' to match the table note format.
    Section 553(b)(B) of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), 5 
U.S.C. 553(b)(B), provides that, when an agency for good cause finds 
that public notice and comment procedures are impracticable, 
unnecessary, or contrary to the public interest, the agency may issue a 
rule without providing notice and an opportunity for public comment. 
EPA has determined that there is good cause for making this technical 
correction final without prior proposal. Such notice and opportunity 
for comment is unnecessary as the technical corrections are for minor 
typographical and other non-substantive errors made to the signature 
version in preparation for publication.
    This final rule is effective June 21, 2024. APA section 553(d)(3), 
5 U.S.C. 553(d), provides that final rules shall not become effective 
until 30 days after publication in the Federal Register ``except . . . 
as otherwise provided by the agency for good cause.'' The purpose of 
this provision is to ``give affected parties a reasonable time to 
adjust their behavior before the final rule takes effect.'' Omnipoint 
Corp. v. Fed. Commc'n Comm'n, 78 F.3d 620, 630 (D.C. Cir. 1996); see 
also United States v. Gavrilovic, 551 F.2d 1099, 1104 (8th Cir. 1977) 
(quoting legislative history). Thus, in determining whether good cause 
exists to waive the 30-day delay, an agency should ``balance the 
necessity for immediate implementation against principles of 
fundamental fairness which require that all affected persons be 
afforded a reasonable amount of time to prepare for the effective date 
of its ruling.'' Gavrilovic, 551 F.2d at 1105. EPA has determined that 
there is good cause for making this final rule effective less than 30 
days after publication in the Federal Register because the technical 
corrections are for minor typographical and other non-substantive 
errors made to the signature version in preparation for publication, 
these corrections will address potential confusion for regulated 
entities that could result if these errors introduced during 
preparation for publication are not corrected prior to the effective 
date of the final rule published in the Federal Register of Monday, 
April 22, 2024, and further time is not needed for regulated entities 
to prepare for such corrections prior to the effective date given the 
nature of the corrections.
    For these reasons, the agency finds that good cause exists under 
APA section 553(d)(3) to make this rule effective June 21, 2024.

Corrections

    In FR Doc. 2024-06809, beginning on page 29440 in the Federal 
Register of Monday, April 22, 2024, the following corrections are made:

0
1. On page 29750, beginning in the third column, paragraph (b)(8) of 
Sec.  1036.535 is corrected to read as follows:


Sec.  1036.535  [Corrected]

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (8) If you determine fuel-consumption rates using emission 
measurements from the raw or diluted exhaust, calculate the mean fuel 
mass flow rate, mifuel, for each point in the fuel map using 
the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17JN24.003


Where:

mifuel = mean fuel mass flow rate for a given fuel map 
setpoint, expressed to at least the nearest 0.001 g/s.
MC = molar mass of carbon.
WCmeas = carbon mass fraction of fuel (or mixture of test 
fuels) as determined in 40 CFR 1065.655(d), except that you may not 
use the default properties in 40 CFR 1065.655(e)(5) to determine 
[alpha], [beta], and wC. You may not account for the 
contribution to [alpha], [beta], [gamma],and [delta] of diesel 
exhaust fluid or other non-fuel fluids injected into the exhaust.
ni = the mean exhaust molar flow rate from which you measured 
emissions according to 40 CFR 1065.655.
xCcombdry = the mean concentration of carbon from fuel 
and any injected fluids in the exhaust per mole of dry exhaust as 
determined in 40 CFR 1065.655(c).
xH2Oexhdry = the mean concentration of H2O in 
exhaust per mole of dry exhaust as determined in 40 CFR 1065.655(c).
miCO2DEF = the mean CO2 mass emission rate 
resulting from diesel exhaust fluid decomposition as determined in 
paragraph (b)(9) of this section. If your engine does not use diesel 
exhaust fluid, or if you choose not to perform this correction, set 
miCO2DEF equal to 0.
MCO2 = molar mass of carbon dioxide.

    Example:

[[Page 51236]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17JN24.004

* * * * *

0
2. In Sec.  1036.545:
0
a. On page 29755, in the second column, paragraph (f)(3) is corrected 
by adding Eq. 1036.545-3 immediately following the introductory text; 
and
0
b. On page 29761, beginning in the second column, in paragraph 
(o)(4)(iii), following Eq. 1036.545-11, the ``Where'' paragraph is 
corrected.
    The corrections read as follows:


Sec.  1036.545  [Corrected]

* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (3) * * *
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17JN24.005
    
* * * * *
    (o) * * *
    (4) * * *
    (iii) * * *

Where:

fnengine = average engine speed when vehicle speed is at 
or above 0.100 m/s.
vref = average simulated vehicle speed at or above 0.100 
m/s.
* * * * *

0
3. On page 29766, starting in the third column, paragraph (b)(1) of 
Sec.  1037.105 is corrected to read as follows:


Sec.  1037.105  [Corrected]

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) Except as specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, model 
year 2027 and later vehicles are subject to Phase 3 CO2 
standards corresponding to the selected subcategories as shown in the 
following table:

 Table 1 of Paragraph (b)(1) of Sec.   1037.105--Phase 3 CO2 Standards for Model Year 2027 and Later Vocational
                                                    Vehicles
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    CO2 standard by vehicle service class (g/ton[middot]mile)
                                                ----------------------------------------------------------------
          Model year              Subcategory      CI light    CI medium     CI heavy     SI light    SI medium
                                                    heavy        heavy        heavy        heavy        heavy
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2027.........................  Urban...........          305          224          269          351          263
                               Multi-Purpose...          274          204          230          316          237
                               Regional........          242          190          189          270          219
2028.........................  Urban...........          286          217          269          332          256
                               Multi-Purpose...          257          197          230          299          230
                               Regional........          227          183          189          255          212
2029.........................  Urban...........          268          209          234          314          248
                               Multi-Purpose...          241          190          200          283          223
                               Regional........          212          177          164          240          206
2030.........................  Urban...........          250          201          229          296          240
                               Multi-Purpose...          224          183          196          266          216
                               Regional........          198          170          161          226          199
2031.........................  Urban...........          198          178          207          244          217
                               Multi-Purpose...          178          162          177          220          195
                               Regional........          157          150          146          185          179
2032 and later...............  Urban...........          147          155          188          193          194
                               Multi-Purpose...          132          141          161          174          174

[[Page 51237]]

 
                               Regional........          116          131          132          144          160
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *

0
4. On page 29770, starting in the third column, paragraph (b)(1) of 
Sec.  1037.106 is corrected to read as follows:


Sec.  1037.106  [Corrected]

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) Except as specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, model 
year 2027 and later tractors are subject to Phase 3 CO2 
standards corresponding to the selected subcategories as shown in the 
following table:

  Table 1 of Paragraph (b)(1) of Sec.   1037.106--Phase 3 CO2 Standards for Model Year 2027 and Later Tractors
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                               CO2 standard by regulatory subcategory (g/
                                                                            ton[middot]mile)
            Model year                 Roof height     ---------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Class 7 all cab  Class 8 day     Class 8
                                                             styles           cab       sleeper cab   Heavy-haul
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2027.............................  Low Roof...........              96.2         73.4          64.1         48.3
                                   Mid Roof...........             103.4         78.0          69.6  ...........
                                   High Roof..........             100.0         75.7          64.3  ...........
2028.............................  Low Roof...........              88.5         67.5          64.1         48.3
                                   Mid Roof...........              95.1         71.8          69.6  ...........
                                   High Roof..........              92.0         69.6          64.3  ...........
2029.............................  Low Roof...........              84.7         64.6          64.1         47.8
                                   Mid Roof...........              91.0         68.6          69.6  ...........
                                   High Roof..........              88.0         66.6          64.3  ...........
2030.............................  Low Roof...........              80.8         61.7          60.3         47.8
                                   Mid Roof...........              86.9         65.5          65.4  ...........
                                   High Roof..........              84.0         63.6          60.4  ...........
2031.............................  Low Roof...........              69.3         52.8          56.4         46.9
                                   Mid Roof...........              74.4         56.2          61.2  ...........
                                   High Roof..........              72.0         54.5          56.6  ...........
2032 and Later...................  Low Roof...........              57.7         44.0          48.1         45.9
                                   Mid Roof...........              62.0         46.8          52.2  ...........
                                   High Roof..........             60.00         45.4          48.2  ...........
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *

0
5. On page 29805, in the second column, paragraph (f)(5) of Sec.  
1065.510 is corrected to read as follows:


Sec.  1065.510  [Corrected]

* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (5) Optional declared torques. You may use declared torque instead 
of measured torque as follows:
    (i) For variable-speed engines you may declare a maximum torque 
over the engine operating range. You may use the declared value for 
measuring warm high-idle speed as specified in this section.
    (ii) For constant-speed engines you may declare a maximum test 
torque. You may use the declared value for cycle generation if it is 
within (95 to 100)% of the measured value.
    (iii) For variable-speed engines, you may declare a nonzero torque 
for idle operation that represents in-use operation. For example, if 
your engine is connected to a hydrostatic transmission with a minimum 
torque even when all the driven hydraulic actuators and motors are 
stationary and the engine is at idle, you may use this minimum torque 
as the declared value. As another example, if your engine is connected 
to a vehicle or machine with accessories, you may use a declared torque 
corresponding to operation with those accessories. You may specify a 
combination of torque and power as described in paragraph (f)(6) of 
this section. Use this option when the idle loads (e.g., vehicle 
accessory loads) are best represented as a constant torque on the 
primary output shaft. You may use multiple warm idle loads and 
associated idle speeds in cycle generation for representative testing. 
As an example, see the required deviations for cycle generation in 
Sec.  1065.610(d)(3) for improved simulation of idle points for engines 
intended primarily for propulsion of a vehicle with an automatic or 
manual transmission where that engine is subject to a transient duty 
cycle with idle operation.
    (iv) For constant-speed engines, you may declare a warm minimum 
torque that represents in-use operation. For example, if your engine is 
typically connected to a machine that does not operate below a certain 
minimum torque, you may use this minimum torque as the declared value 
and use it for cycle generation.
* * * * *

0
6. On page 29807, in the second column, paragraph (m)(1)(ii) of Sec.  
1065.602 is corrected to read as follows:


Sec.  1065.602  [Corrected]

* * * * *
    (m) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (ii) Determine the median as the average of the data point i and 
the data point i + 1 as follows:

[[Page 51238]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17JN24.006

    Example:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR17JN24.007
    
* * * * *

0
7. On page 29818, starting in the third column, paragraph (e)(4) of 
Sec.  1065.656 is corrected to read as follows:


Sec.  1065.656  [Corrected]

* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (4) Table 3 to this paragraph (e)(4) follows:

    Table 3 to Paragraph (e)(4) of Sec.   1065.656--Default Values of
                             t,x,q,j, and v
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 Atomic carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen-to-
              Fuel                    hydrogen ratios Ct,Hx,Oq,Sj,Nv
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hydrogen.......................  C0H2OoSoNo.
Ammonia........................  C0H3OoSoN1.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *


Sec.  1065.750  [Corrected]

0
8. On page 29823, table 1 to paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of Sec.  1065.750 is 
corrected by removing the table heading ``TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH 
(a)(1)(ii) OF Sec.  1065.750--GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR PURIFIED GASES 
\A\'' and adding in its place ``TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (a)(1)(ii) OF 
Sec.  1065.750--GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR PURIFIED GASES \a\''.

Alejandra Nunez,
Principal Deputy Assistant Administrator, Office of Air and Radiation.
[FR Doc. 2024-13196 Filed 6-14-24; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P