[Federal Register Volume 89, Number 81 (Thursday, April 25, 2024)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 32346-32359]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2024-08068]



[[Page 32345]]

Vol. 89

Thursday,

No. 81

April 25, 2024

Part VII





Department of Labor





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Employee Benefits Security Administration





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29 CFR Part 2550





Amendment to Prohibited Transaction Exemptions 75-1, 77-4, 80-83, 83-1, 
and 86-128; Final Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 81 / Thursday, April 25, 2024 / Rules 
and Regulations  

[[Page 32346]]


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DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Employee Benefits Security Administration

29 CFR Part 2550

[Application No. D-12094]
ZRIN 1210-ZA34


Amendment to Prohibited Transaction Exemptions 75-1, 77-4, 80-83, 
83-1, and 86-128

AGENCY: Employee Benefits Security Administration (EBSA), U.S. 
Department of Labor.

ACTION: Amendments to Prohibited Transaction Exemptions 75-1, 77-4, 80-
83, 83-1, and 86-128.

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SUMMARY: This document contains a notice of amendments to Prohibited 
Transaction Exemptions (PTEs) 75-1, 77-4, 80-83, 83-1, and 86-128, 
which are class exemptions from certain prohibited transaction 
provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 
(ERISA) and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the Code). The 
amendments (collectively, the Mass Amendment) affect participants and 
beneficiaries of plans, individual retirement account (IRA) owners, and 
certain fiduciaries of plans and IRAs.

DATES: The Mass Amendment is effective September 23, 2024.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Susan Wilker, telephone (202) 693-
8540, Office of Exemption Determinations, Employee Benefits Security 
Administration, U.S. Department of Labor (these are not toll-free 
numbers).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    As described elsewhere in this edition of the Federal Register, the 
Department of Labor (Department) is amending the regulation defining 
when a person renders ``investment advice for a fee or other 
compensation, direct or indirect'' with respect to any moneys or other 
property of an employee benefit plan, for purposes of the definition of 
a ``fiduciary'' in section ERISA 3(21)(A)(ii) of ERISA and in Code 
section 4975(e)(3)(B) (the ``Regulation''). The Department also is 
amending PTE 2020-02 to provide additional clarity for advice 
fiduciaries and protections for retirement investors and PTE 84-24 to 
address specific issues that insurance companies face in complying with 
the conditions of PTE 2020-02 when distributing annuities through 
independent agents, elsewhere in this edition of the Federal Register.
    On October 31, 2023, the Department released the proposed 
amendments to PTEs 75-1, 77-4, 80-83, 83-1, and 86-128 described below 
and invited all interested persons to submit written comments.\1\ The 
Department received written comments on the proposed amendments, and on 
December 12 and 13, 2023, held a public hearing at which witnesses 
presented testimony. After careful consideration of the comments and 
testimony on the proposed amendments, the Department is granting the 
Mass Amendment with the modifications discussed herein.
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    \1\ The proposed amendments were released on October 31, 2023, 
and were published in the Federal Register on November 3, 2023. 88 
FR 76032.
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    The amendments to PTEs 75-1, 77-4, 80-83, 83-1, and 86-128 remove 
relief in those exemptions for the receipt of compensation as a result 
of the provision of investment advice within the meaning of ERISA 
section 3(21)(A)(ii) and Code section 4975(e)(3)(B) and regulations 
thereunder.
    After this amendment is effective, investment advice fiduciaries 
must meet the conditions of PTE 2020-02 or PTE 84-24 for administrative 
relief when they receive otherwise prohibited compensation as a result 
of their provision of investment advice within the meaning of ERISA 
section 3(21)(A)(ii) and Code section 4975(e)(3)(B) and regulations 
thereunder to Retirement Investors (defined as plans, plan participants 
or beneficiaries, IRAs, IRA owners and beneficiaries, plan fiduciaries 
within the meaning of ERISA section (3)(21)(A)(i) or (iii) and Code 
section 4975(e)(3)(A) or (C) with respect to the Plan, or IRA 
fiduciaries within the meaning of Code section 4975(e)(3)(A) or (C) 
with respect to the IRA).
    As described in more detail below, the Department also is amending 
PTE 75-1 by: (1) expanding the extension of credit provision in Part V; 
and (2) adding a definition of the term ``IRA'' in Part V. The 
Department also is amending PTE 86-128 by: (1) revising the exemption's 
``Recapture of Profits'' exception; and (2) making certain technical 
corrections and editorial changes.
    The ERISA and Code provisions at issue generally prohibit 
fiduciaries with respect to employee benefit plans and IRAs from 
engaging in self-dealing in connection with transactions involving 
plans and IRAs. The Department is granting these amendments pursuant to 
its authority under ERISA section 408(a) and Code section 
4975(c)(2).\2\
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    \2\ Reorganization Plan No. 4 of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App. 1 (2018)) 
generally transferred the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury 
to grant administrative exemptions under Code section 4975 to the 
Secretary of Labor.
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Other Advice Exemptions

    As discussed elsewhere in this edition of the Federal Register, the 
Department is amending investment advice exemptions to ensure 
consistent and protective standards apply to investment advice. After 
considering the comments it received, the Department made significant 
changes to both PTEs 2020-02 and 84-24 to ensure that there is an 
investment advice exemption available that applies to an appropriately 
wide range of situations. Many comments raised issues, or discussed 
concerns, with the Department's proposed amendments collectively 
(rather than proposal by proposal). In this same vein, the Department 
considered these comments holistically. For example, one commenter 
expressed concern that it would no longer be able to rely on PTE 77-4 
for investment advice if the proposed amendments were finalized and was 
also concerned about whether it could use PTE 2020-02. After 
consideration of the comments, the Department determined it would make 
changes to PTE 2020-02 to revise certain conditions and broaden its 
scope rather than make changes to the Mass Amendment proposal. Although 
the changes to PTEs 2020-02 \3\ and 84-24 \4\ are discussed more 
completely in the respective documents, the changes in the three 
exemption documents reflect the full scope of comments received. The 
conditions to those exemptions, as finalized, emphasize long-standing 
principles of loyalty and prudence, require careful management of 
conflicts of interest, and are workable across different compensation 
structures and business models related to the provision

[[Page 32347]]

of investment advice to Retirement Investors.
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    \3\ PTE 2020-02 requires financial institutions and investment 
professionals relying on the exemption to: (i) acknowledge their 
fiduciary status in writing; (ii) disclose their services and 
material conflicts of interest; and adhere to impartial conduct 
standards; (iii) adopt policies and procedures prudently designed to 
ensure compliance with the impartial conduct standards and mitigate 
conflicts of interest that could otherwise cause violations of those 
standards; (iv) document and disclose the specific reasons that any 
rollover recommendations from Title I plans to IRAs are in the 
retirement investor's best interest; (v) and conduct an annual 
retrospective compliance review.
    \4\ PTE 84-24 covers transactions with independent insurance 
agents, and requires them to comply with conditions similar to the 
amended PTE 2020-02.
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    The Department has concluded that PTE 2020-02 and PTE 84-24 provide 
a uniform and workable framework for the definition of fiduciary under 
ERISA with respect to the provision of investment advice, and that the 
protections now afforded by those exemptions should be available to 
Retirement Investors generally when they receive recommendations from 
trusted advisers. For all the reasons described in the preambles to the 
amendments to PTE 84-24 and PTE 2020-02, published elsewhere today in 
this edition of the Federal Register, as well as the associated 
Regulatory Impact Analysis, the Department has determined to condition 
relief from the prohibited transaction rules for fiduciary advice on 
the terms of PTE 84-24 and PTE 2020-02. Retirement Investors will be 
best served by a uniform protective standard focused on the Impartial 
Conduct Standards, and associated policies and procedures, as set forth 
in the preambles and text of those exemptions. In the Department's 
judgment, there is no reason in law or policy to deprive Retirement 
Investors who receive advice that was formerly covered by the 
exemptions affected by these Mass Amendment of the protections now 
provided to all Retirement Investors under PTE 84-24 and PTE 2020-02.

Summary of Proposed Amendments to PTEs 75-1, 77-4, 80-83, 83-1, and 86-
128

    The proposed Mass Amendment was primarily aimed to ensure that all 
parties relying on the exemptive relief for the provision of investment 
advice are held to level standards and consistent criteria. In order to 
accomplish this goal, the Department proposed to amend PTEs 75-1 Parts 
III and IV, 77-4, 80-83, 83-1, and 86-128 by removing exemptive relief 
for the provision of fiduciary investment advice. Specifically, the 
proposal would have added the following statement to each exemption: 
``Exception. No relief from the restrictions of ERISA section 406(b) 
and the taxes imposed by Code section 4975(a) and (b) by reason of Code 
sections 4975(c)(1)(E) and (F) is available for fiduciaries providing 
investment advice within the meaning of ERISA section 3(21)(A)(ii) or 
Code section 4975(e)(3)(B) and regulations thereunder.''
    This proposed amendment was intended to ensure that retirement 
investors would receive consistent and appropriate protections when 
receiving fiduciary investment advice. The Department proposed to 
accomplish this by removing relief for fiduciary investment advice from 
class exemptions except for PTE 2020-02 and PTE 84-24. The proposed 
amendment was intended to ensure that Retirement Investors received 
fiduciary investment advice that reflected an appropriate level of care 
and loyalty and financial professionals could rely on a single 
framework regardless of the business model or the compensation 
structure. The Department's intention was to create a level regulatory 
playing field that would apply to all of the investment products that 
fiduciary investment providers may recommend to Retirement Investors. 
Under the proposed amendments, retirement investors could expect to 
receive substantially the same strong protections with respect to 
fiduciary investment recommendations, irrespective of the type of 
investment product that was recommended, and advice providers would 
compete for retirement investor's business under a common standard 
focused on the investor's best interest.

Discussion of the Comments to the Mass Amendment in General

    Commenters stated that the Regulation and all the proposed 
amendments, taken together, have internal contradictions. These 
commenters were concerned with perceived inconsistencies, costly 
conditions, and inefficient duplication (including with respect to 
remedies). According to these commenters, the Department's proposed 
changes would result in uncertainties, unintended consequences, 
counterproductive effects, and needless litigation. Commenters also 
expressed concern about the comment period and the proposed effective 
date. These general comments, and comments about the interaction 
between the Department's proposals are discussed both here and in other 
final amendments, published elsewhere in today's edition of the Federal 
Register.
    Those commenters who focused on the proposed Mass Amendment tied 
their concerns to PTE 2020-02, and what they characterized as the 
Department's approach of requiring all fiduciary investment advice 
relief into PTE 2020-02. In particular, one commenter focused on 
certain transactions that would have been permitted by the class 
exemptions affected by the Mass Amendment, but which would have been 
excluded from PTE 2020-02, as proposed.\5\ At least one commenter 
stated that the preamble to the proposal failed to identify the 
transactions being excluded from relief or explain the Department's 
rationale for excluding such transactions, some of which fiduciaries 
have been permitted to engage in since ERISA was passed. One of these 
commenters further opined that the Department's cost analysis in these 
regards was insufficient, and that the Administrative Procedure Act 
(the APA) and Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 preclude this kind of 
``sleight-of-hand rulemaking.'' Other commenters cited the APA as well, 
and some also stated that the Mass Amendment exceeds the Department's 
authority, including under ERISA Section 408(a).\6\
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    \5\ One commenter stated that all of the following investments 
could not be traded in the dealer market under PTE 2020-02 as it 
currently exists: equities (U.S. and foreign), asset-backed trusts, 
U.S. bonds of entities other than corporations, certain structured 
notes issued by U.S. corporations and subject to registration 
requirements under the Securities Act of 1933, currency, foreign 
corporate bonds, foreign government bonds, Rule 144A securities, 
privately issued real estate securities, closed-end funds, equity 
IPOs, and debt IPOs. As noted elsewhere, the amended exemptions are 
not intended to limit the scope of the current exemptions except 
with respect to the receipt of compensation as a result of the 
provision of investment advice within the meaning of ERISA section 
3(21)(A)(ii) or Code section 4975(e)(3)(B) and regulations 
thereunder. In addition, as discussed in the preamble to today's 
amendments to PTE 2020-02, and in its text, PTE 2020-02 has been 
broadly amended to encompass compensation for advice irrespective of 
the product recommended.
    \6\ ERISA section 408(a) and Code section 4975(c)(2), expressly 
permit the Department (through the Reorganization Plan No. 4 of 
1978) to grant ``a conditional or unconditional exemption'' as long 
as the exemption is ``(A) administratively feasible, (B) in the 
interests of the plan and of its participants and beneficiaries, and 
(C) protective of the rights of participants and beneficiaries of 
the plan.''
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    Commenters expressed concern regarding the proposed Mass Amendment 
in light of the decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth 
Circuit, vacating the Department's 2016 rulemaking with respect to 
fiduciary advice.\7\ Other commenters stated the proposed Mass 
Amendment would constitute improper regulation of IRAs.
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    \7\ See generally Chamber of Commerce v. U.S. Dep't of Lab., 885 
F.3d 360 (5th Cir. 2018).
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    Many of the commenters on the proposed Mass Amendment criticized 
the Department's approach as costly and said the Department had not 
adequately accounted for the costs to affected parties. For example, 
one commenter stated that, in their view, the majority of the changes 
proposed by the Department will be disruptive and unhelpful. Another 
commenter stated that the costs to the industry of changing their 
reliance on all of these

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exemptions would be high and was insufficiently unanalyzed by the 
Department. According to these commenters, financial institutions have 
established their policies, procedures, compliance routines, risk 
assessments, training and supervision structures to accommodate the 
exemptions each has chosen to use and requiring all of those 
institutions to revamp their systems and processes will be expensive 
and time consuming. This commenter was concerned that these costs were 
not fully reflected in the Department's cost assessment or effective 
date of the exemption. This commenter raised threats of litigation and 
cautioned that to the extent these changes are ultimately invalidated, 
the industry and the plans they serve will suffer unnecessary costs and 
investment in ultimately vacated rules. In the view of this commenter, 
low and middle-income families would be disproportionately harmed by 
these changes, because it is the commenter's view that some firms and 
financial professionals would no longer provide fiduciary investment 
advice to low and middle-income families. One commenter disagreed that 
any changes were appropriate because the Department did not identify 
any harm. Other commenters called the proposed amendment ``arbitrary 
and capricious.''
    Some of the commenters on these amendments focused specifically on 
concerns about an anticipated loss of efficiency. These commenters 
described PTEs 75-1, 77-4, 80-83, 83-1, and 86-128 as designed to cover 
specific types of transactions that financial services firms commonly 
undertake for plan or IRA investors. The conditions built into those 
class exemptions were specifically tailored to protect investors, while 
allowing for efficient conduct of ordinary and necessary plan 
transactions. If the proposed Mass Amendment is granted, these 
commenters argued that the efficiencies associated with the affected 
class exemptions would be lost, resulting in higher costs and fewer 
benefits to investors, and perhaps other unintended consequences. 
Another commenter stated that the insurance industry's suitability 
standards far exceed any other regulatory agency protections for 
protecting retirement accounts.
    Other commenters focused specifically on the amendment to PTE 77-4. 
One commenter stated that eliminating the availability of PTE 77-4 for 
fiduciary investment advice would be highly disruptive and would create 
material new costs which would ultimately be borne by plans and 
participants. According to the commenter, PTE 77-4 already provides 
robust protections for plans and participants and these changes would 
lead to increased costs that the Department has failed to properly 
identify, analyze, and account for, and the costs of the disruption 
alone far outweigh any theoretical benefit to plans and participants. 
The commenter stated that the outsized burden of complying with the 
disclosure, documentation, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements of 
PTE 2020-02 may be too great for it to be viewed as a viable 
alternative to PTE 77-4 in many cases. The commenter added that the 
potential result of this is that financial firms are likely to no 
longer offer certain services to plans if doing so would require them 
to rely on PTE 2020-02.
    Another commenter offered similar views, adding that for over 45 
years financial institutions have relied on PTE 77-4 for both 
investment advice and discretionary programs. According to the 
commenter, the proposed amendment would require firms to fully 
inventory every product and service to identify every use of PTE 77-4 
and determine whether the exemption can continue to be used and, if 
not, whether there are any viable alternatives. Other commenters 
expressed concern that the proposed amendments would result in 
increased compliance costs, including by having to rely on two class 
exemptions when previously only one was relied on. For example, a 
fiduciary would have to comply with PTE 2020-02 to recommend a 
particular program but would have to comply with PTE 77-4 to manage 
those assets.
    One commenter cited several of the reasons above to support the 
view that the Mass Amendment is impermissible under ERISA Section 
408(a), adding that many plans and participants would be harmed by the 
Mass Amendment.
    Commenters focused on the impact of removing investment advice from 
PTE 86-128. According to one commenter, the proposed changes do not 
address situations where an adviser may have limited discretion over 
the purchase and sale of certain securities within an advisory account, 
such as mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), but acts on a 
non-discretionary basis with respect to other securities within that 
same account, such as fee-based variable annuities or private 
placements. The commenter urged the Department to look more closely at 
the conditions of the exemption in light of the fact that PTE 86-128 
deals only with agency transactions in securities, a field that the 
commenter characterized as fully regulated by the SEC that requires 
substantial transaction-based reporting. Other commenters stated that 
costs to retirement investors would increase if the proposal is 
adopted, because the material cost savings PTE 86-128 provides for 
investors would be lost if its relief is transferred to PTE 2020-02. 
One of these commenters stated that, in its members' view, PTE 86-128 
provided a significant economic benefit to retirement investors when it 
is used, because the investor effectively receives two investment 
services for the price of one.
    At least one commenter cited the difficulty small businesses face 
in complying with complex regulations, and one of these commenters 
stated that the Department's class exemptions appear in ``piecemeal'' 
form on its website. The commenter recommended that the Department 
update its class exemptions on its website to facilitate the review of 
the current exemption text (i.e., with all amendments incorporated).
    Numerous commenters expressed strong support for the proposed Mass 
Amendment, and the Department's proposal to move coverage of fiduciary 
investment advice to PTEs 2020-02 and 84-24 to ensure consistency for 
all types and forms of fiduciary investment advice. One commenter 
argued that the proposed changes were important and would provide 
vulnerable retirement investors with needed protection against bad 
actors. Another commenter emphasized the importance of a baseline of 
protection for American workers against predatory practices. One 
commenter raised concerns with the lack of transparency in the current 
system and indicated that a single set of standards would help increase 
accountability for financial advisors and would be an important step 
for restoring public trust in the work that financial advisors do. This 
same commenter also stated that the care and loyalty obligations 
proposed by the Department in PTE 2020-02 and PTE 84-24 were essential 
to ensure that investment advice fiduciaries were acting in the best 
interest of their clients and not for their own financial gain. 
According to this commenter, it would be problematic for the Department 
to offer exemptions that didn't have these same requirements.
    Another commenter expressed surprise that investment advisers did 
not already have a uniform fiduciary responsibility to put the 
interests of their clients first and expressed approval of the 
Department's proposal. A commenter stated the ``the best interest of 
the client should be the advisor's sole concern, with no

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secondary concern even coming into deliberation.'' Another commenter 
discussed how investment funds are vital to consumers, that the 
investment funds deserve appropriate fiduciary restrictions, and that 
such restrictions were present in the Department's proposed changes. 
One commenter viewed it as the government's responsibility to take 
steps to ensure that people who need money in their ``old age'' could 
trust their adviser. This commenter emphasized that the government 
should take action to ensure investment advisers worked to help 
retirement investors save money on fees while allowing savings to keep 
pace with inflation. Another commenter argued that it was imperative 
that financial advisers have a fiduciary duty to the retirement 
investor and no one else. In the commenter's view, this was 
accomplished through the Department's proposal. One commenter asked 
that the proposals be finalized as proposed, i.e., setting up PTEs 
2020-02 and 84-24 for all fiduciary investment advice, stating that it 
would provide increased protection for investors and would result in 
advisers providing honest information to retirement investors.
    One commenter stated that retirement investors should receive fair, 
unbiased financial recommendations and that the recommendations should 
not be influenced by how much the adviser stands to make on the 
recommendation. This commenter also noted that, in their view, 
requiring advisers to satisfy a fiduciary obligation to their clients 
should be the baseline minimum requirement. This same commenter 
expressed approval of the disclosure and recordkeeping requirements in 
PTEs 2020-02 and PTE 84-24, stating that these requirements allow the 
recommendations to be audited and verified after the fact. In the view 
of this commenter, this is necessary to ensure that advisers can be 
held accountable for irresponsible and illegal advice.
    After reviewing the comments, the Department has determined to 
finalize its proposal to remove fiduciary investment advice as covered 
transactions from the exemptions herein. Following consideration of the 
different issues raised by commenters, the Department continues to 
believe that fiduciary investment advice is best covered through a 
single set of standards, as set forth in PTEs 2020-02 and 84-24. The 
Department agrees with those commenters who raised concerns that 
certain transactions would have been unable to rely on PTE 2020-02 as 
originally proposed. As described more fully in the preamble to the 
final amendment to PTE 2020-02, the Department is making changes to 
broaden the scope of that exemption in response to the commenters.
    The Department agrees with those commenters who emphasized the 
importance of consistent standards and practices for all investment 
advice for Retirement Investors. The Department also agrees with those 
commenters who argued in favor of imposing consistent care and loyalty 
obligations on all fiduciary investment advisers, regardless of the 
advice given or the compensation received. In the Department's view, 
this is best accomplished by reliance on a single set of standards for 
all fiduciary investment advice. As discussed in greater detail in the 
preambles to the amendments to PTE 2020-02 and PTE 84-24, published 
elsewhere today in this edition of the Federal Register, the Department 
has worked to ensure that this single set of standards works for a wide 
range of business practices. Additionally, this set of standards was 
specifically crafted to build upon long-standing principles found 
throughout ERISA and trust law. The care obligation and loyalty 
obligation, along with the required disclosures, policies and 
procedures, and retrospective review will ensure that Retirement 
Investors are appropriately protected.
    It remains the Department's intent, however, to exclude from these 
amended exemptions only the receipt of compensation as a result of the 
provision of investment advice within the meaning of ERISA section 
3(21)(A)(ii) or Code section 4975(e)(3)(B) and regulations thereunder. 
After reviewing comments that indicated its intent was unclear, the 
Department has revised the final amendment to reflect this intent more 
clearly. Therefore, this final amendment clarifies that relief from the 
restrictions of ERISA section 406(b) and the taxes imposed by Code 
section 4975(a) and (b) by reason of Code sections 4975(c)(1)(E) and 
(F) is not available for the receipt of compensation as the result of 
the provision of investment advice within the meaning of ERISA section 
3(21)(A)(ii) or Code section 4975(e)(3)(B) and regulations thereunder.
    Regarding comments that the proposed transactions are already the 
subject of different regulatory schemes, the Department notes that this 
has been the case since the passage of ERISA. The fact that regulators 
with responsibility for other state or Federal statutes and who have 
different areas of authority have imposed different conditions on the 
entities subject to the amended class exemptions does not foreclose the 
Department from meeting its responsibility to ensure that the interest 
of plans and Retirement Investors are protected as required under ERISA 
section 408(a) and Code section 4975(c)(2).
    In addition, the Department has revised its cost analysis for the 
prohibited transactions, particularly for PTE 2020-02 since more 
entities will be relying on that exemption. Costs associated with the 
proposed Mass Amendment are discussed below. After reviewing the entire 
record, the Department maintains its position that the enhanced 
protections afforded to plans and IRAs, and the uniformity of the 
regulatory environment, will provide stability and savings to plans and 
IRAs that outweighs the cost concerns raised by commenters. The 
Department also believes that the imposition of a common set of 
protective standards for a wide range of advice transactions in PTE 84-
24 and PTE 2020-02 promotes efficiency and clarity, inasmuch as one 
need only look to the terms of these two exemptions, which are 
materially similar, for relief from advice transactions, rather than a 
complex patchwork of exemptions covering different transactions.
    Regarding comments expressing concern about the Mass Amendment in 
light of the decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth 
Circuit referenced above, the Department does not create new causes of 
actions, mandate enforceable contractual commitments, or expand upon 
the remedial provisions of ERISA or the Code. Regarding comments 
expressing concern that the Mass Amendment constitute improper 
regulation of IRAs, the Department notes this rulemaking does not alter 
the existing framework for bringing suits under State law against IRA 
fiduciaries and does not aim to do so.
    With respect to the comments above regarding inconsistencies, 
alleged duplicities, uncertainties, and contradictions the Department 
has strived herein and in the amendments published elsewhere in today's 
edition of the Federal Register to address the concerns and issues 
raised by commenters. The Department encourages parties to contact the 
Department's Office of Exemption Determinations should any further 
issues of ambiguity remain.
    Regarding comments about the Mass Amendment's comment period and 
effective date, the robust comment period is described above and in the 
preamble to the Regulation, and the effective date of the Mass 
Amendment is now 150 days following publication

[[Page 32350]]

of the Mass Amendment in the Federal Register.
    Regarding comments expressing concern that the Department has not 
made its findings under ERISA Section 408(a), after considering the 
entire record, the Department has determined that the Mass Amendment 
will provide important benefits that are in the interest of affected 
plans and IRAs. The Mass Amendment's protective conditions support a 
finding that the Mass Amendment is protective of affected plans and 
IRAs. The Department believes that Mass Amendment's conditions also 
support a finding that the Mass Amendment is administratively feasible. 
For a detailed discussion of the rationale, reasons, and responses to 
comments about the application of the exemption to advice transactions, 
the Department refers readers to the preambles to the amendments to PTE 
84-24 and PTE 2020-02, published elsewhere today in this edition of the 
Federal Register.
    The Department appreciates the comment regarding its class 
exemption website, and will strive to ensure its exemptions, including 
amendments thereto, are easily accessible.

Summary of Additional Proposed Amendments to PTE 75-1 8
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    \8\ The Department made the Proposed Amendments to PTE 75-1 
discussed below as part of its 2016 rulemaking that was overturned 
by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. See generally 
Chamber of Commerce v. U.S. Dep't of Lab., 885 F.3d 360 (5th Cir. 
2018).
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    Proposed Amendments to PTE 75-1, Part I, paragraphs (b) and (c): 
The Department proposed to revoke PTE 75-1, Part I, paragraphs (b) and 
(c), which has provided exemptive relief for certain non-fiduciary 
services provided by broker-dealers in securities transactions. As 
noted in the proposal, the Department proposed to revoke the relief 
provided in Parts I(b) and I(c) of PTE 75-1, because it duplicates the 
relief available under the statutory exemptions under Code section 
4975(d)(2) and ERISA section 408(b)(2) and regulations thereunder.
    Proposed Revocation of Part II(2) of PTE 75-1: The Department 
proposed to revoke Part II(2) of PTE 75-1 and requested comment 
regarding whether fiduciaries providing discretionary investment 
management services in connection with the purchase or sale of a mutual 
fund security in a principal transaction need the relief that is 
provided by PTE 75-1, Part II(2), and, if so, what conditions would be 
appropriate.
    Proposed Amendment to PTE 75-1, Part II(f): The Department also 
proposed to revise the recordkeeping provisions of PTE 75-1, Part II(f) 
to place the responsibility for maintaining such records on the broker-
dealer, reporting dealer, or bank engaging in the transaction with such 
plan or IRA rather than on the plan or IRA. The proposed amendment also 
would have required the broker-dealer to make the records reasonably 
available at their customary location for examination during normal 
business hours by: (A) Any duly authorized employee or representative 
of the Department or the Internal Revenue Service; (B) Any fiduciary of 
the plan or any duly authorized employee or representative of such 
fiduciary; (C) Any contributing employer and any employee organization 
whose members are covered by the plan, or any authorized employee or 
representative of these entities; or (D) Any participant or beneficiary 
of the plan or the authorized representative of such participant or 
beneficiary. In so doing, the proposal expanded the list of entities 
and persons eligible to receive these records, by adding the persons 
described in (B), the authorized representatives of the entities in 
(C), and the authorized representatives of the persons in (D).
    None of the persons described in subparagraph (1)(B)-(D) above 
would have been authorized to examine privileged trade secrets or 
privileged commercial or financial information of such fiduciary, nor 
are they authorized to examine records regarding a plan or IRA other 
than the plan or IRA with which they are the fiduciary, contributing 
employer, employee organization, participant, beneficiary or IRA 
owner.\9\
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    \9\ The proposed amendment provided that if such plan fiduciary 
refused to disclose information on the basis that such information 
is exempt from disclosure, the plan fiduciary would have been 
required to provide a written notice by the close of the thirtieth 
(30th) day following the request advising the requestor of the 
reasons for the refusal and that the Department may request such 
information. Finally, the proposed amendment would have provided 
that failure to maintain the required records necessary to determine 
whether the conditions of this exemption have been met will result 
in the loss of the exemption only for the transaction or 
transactions for which records are missing or have not been 
maintained. It would not have affected the relief for other 
transactions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Proposed Amendments to 75-1, Part V: The Department proposed to 
amend PTE 75-1, Part V, which permits a broker-dealer to extend credit 
to a plan or IRA in connection with the purchase or sale of securities. 
In the past, relief under PTE 75-1, Part V, has been limited in that 
the broker-dealer extending credit was not permitted to have or 
exercise any discretionary authority or control (except as a directed 
trustee) with respect to the investment of the plan or IRA assets 
involved in the transaction, nor render investment advice within the 
meaning of 29 CFR 2510.3-21(c) with respect to those plan assets, 
unless no interest or other consideration was received by the broker-
dealer or any affiliate of the broker-dealer in connection with the 
extension of credit.
    The Department was informed that relief was needed for broker-
dealers to extend credit to plans and IRAs to avoid failed securities 
transactions, and to receive compensation in return. For example, the 
Department understands that broker-dealers can be required, as part of 
their relationships with clearinghouses, to complete securities 
transactions entered into by the broker-dealer's customers, even if a 
particular customer does not perform on its obligations. If a broker-
dealer is required to advance funds to settle a trade entered into by a 
plan or IRA, or purchase a security for delivery on behalf of a plan or 
IRA as a result of a failed security transaction, the result can 
potentially be viewed as a loan of money or other extension of credit 
to the plan or IRA. Further, in the event a broker-dealer steps into a 
plan's or IRA's shoes in any particular transaction, it may charge 
interest or other fees to the plan or IRA. These transactions 
potentially violate ERISA section 406(a)(1)(B) and Code section 
4975(c)(1)(B) and (D).
    In the Department's view, the extension of credit to avoid a failed 
securities transaction currently falls within the contours of the 
existing relief provided by PTE 75-1, Part V, for extensions of credit 
``[i]n connection with the purchase or sale of securities.'' 
Accordingly, broker-dealers that are not investment advice fiduciaries, 
e.g., those who execute transactions but do not provide advice, were 
permitted to receive compensation for extending credit to avoid a 
failed securities transaction under the exemption as originally 
granted. Under the proposed amendment, the Department would have 
extended such relief to investment advice fiduciaries.
    Specifically, under the proposed amendment to PTE 75-1, Part V(c), 
an investment advice fiduciary could have received reasonable 
compensation for extending credit to a plan or IRA to avoid a failed 
purchase or sale of securities involving the plan or IRA. In 
conjunction with the expanded relief in the amended exemption, Proposed 
Section (c) would have imposed several conditions. First, the potential 
failure of the purchase or sale of the securities could not have been 
caused by the

[[Page 32351]]

broker-dealer or any affiliate. Additionally, the terms of the 
extension of credit would have to be at least as favorable to the plan 
or IRA as the terms available in an arm's length transaction between 
unaffiliated parties. Finally, the plan or IRA must have received 
written disclosure of certain terms before the extension of credit. 
This disclosure would not have needed to be made on a transaction by 
transaction basis, and could have been part of an account opening 
agreement or a master agreement. The disclosure would have been 
required to include the rate of interest or other fees that will be 
charged on such extension of credit, and the method of determining the 
balance upon which interest will be charged.
    The plan or IRA must additionally have been provided with prior 
written disclosure of any changes to these terms. The required 
disclosures were intended to be consistent with the requirements of 
Securities and Exchange Act Rule 10b-16, which governs broker-dealers' 
disclosure of credit terms in margin transactions.\10\
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    \10\ The Department understands that it is the practice of many 
broker-dealers to provide such disclosures to all customers, 
regardless of whether the customer is presently opening a margin 
account. To the extent such disclosure is provided, the disclosure 
terms of the exemption are satisfied.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Department also proposed to make the same revisions to the 
recordkeeping provisions of PTE 75-1, Part V that were made to the 
recordkeeping provisions of PTE 75-1, Part II(f) that are described 
above. This included expanding the persons and entities eligible to 
receive certain documents from a broker-dealer in the same manner 
described above in the PTE 75-1, Part II(f) discussion.
    Finally, the Department proposed to add a definition of the term 
``IRA'' to PTE 75-1, Part V. Under the proposed definition the term IRA 
would have meant any account or annuity described in Code section 
4975(e)(1)(B) through (F), including, for example, an individual 
retirement account described in Code section 408(a) and a health 
savings account described in Code section 223(d).

Discussion of Comments on Additional Proposed Amendments to PTE 75-1

    Proposed Amendment to Part I(b) and (c). One commenter asserted 
that although Part I(b) and (c) transactions are covered by 408(b)(2), 
the industry still relies on Part I because: (1) it covers the actual 
transaction, as well as clearance, settlement or custodial functions 
incidental thereto; and (2) it provides clarification and relief 
regarding the provision of research, analysis, availability of 
securities and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities or 
other property economic factors or trends, portfolio strategy and 
performance ``under circumstances which do not make such party in 
interest or disqualified person a fiduciary with respect to such 
plan.''
    After considering the comment, that Department has determined not 
to delete Part I(b) and (c) as was proposed.
    Proposed Amendment to Part II. A commenter opposed the Department's 
proposed revocation of Part II(2), stating that the Department did not 
provide adequate grounds to revoke this exemption. According to this 
commenter, this exemption remains the bedrock of institutional dealer 
sales of securities and there would be significant cost and disruption 
if the Department did revoke this relief.
    More than one commenter expressed concern that the proposed 
recordkeeping amendment, which would require broker-dealers, reporting 
dealers and/or banks to provide certain records to persons and entities 
that include beneficiaries and employee organizations, among others, 
may open the door to privacy concerns, fishing expeditions, abuse, and 
unnecessary risk.
    After considering the comments, the Department has determined not 
to finalize the revocation of PTE 75-1, Part II(2) as was proposed. The 
Department also is not finalizing: (1) the proposed amendment that 
would have required the broker-dealer, reporting dealer, or bank 
engaging in the covered transaction to satisfy the recordkeeping 
requirement in Part II(e) of the exemption; nor (2) the proposed 
expansion of Part II(f) that would have permitted additional parties to 
review the records described in Part II(e). Therefore, only the parties 
that are entitled to examine the records described in Part II(e) of the 
current exemption may do so.
    Proposed Amendment to Parts III and IV. The Department proposed to 
amend PTEs 75-1 Parts III and IV, by adding the following statement to 
each exemption: ``Exception. No relief from the restrictions of ERISA 
section 406(b) and the taxes imposed by Code section 4975(a) and (b) by 
reason of Code sections 4975(c)(1)(E) and (F) is available for 
fiduciaries providing investment advice within the meaning of ERISA 
section 3(21)(A)(ii) or Code section 4975(e)(3)(B) and regulations 
thereunder.''
    One commenter stated that ``the very thing covered by these parts 
is not permitted at all under PTE 2020-02. Plans and retirement 
investors will lose opportunities and trading efficiencies they 
currently enjoy with no alternative avenue open to them. Amazingly, the 
cost analysis does not mention the cost to plans or the market.''
    As described in the preamble to the final amendment to PTE 2020-02, 
the Department is expanding the scope of that exemption to cover 
recommendations of any investment product, as long as the 
recommendation meets the conditions of PTE 2020-02. Therefore, all 
recommendations will be subject to the same protective conditions. 
Accordingly, the Department is clarifying the language in the proposed 
amendment to provide that: ``No relief from the restrictions of ERISA 
section 406(b) and the taxes imposed by Code section 4975(a) and (b) by 
reason of Code sections 4975(c)(1)(E) and (F) is available for the 
receipt of compensation as a result of providing investment advice 
within the meaning of ERISA section 3(21)(A)(ii) or Code section 
4975(e)(3)(B) and regulations thereunder.'' Fiduciary advice providers 
should look to amended PTE 2020-02 for relief.
    Proposed Amendments to Part V. A commenter stated that it is 
appropriate to put the responsibility for recordkeeping on the 
financial firm. However, the commenter characterized the proposed 
condition in the extension of credit proposed amendment which would 
have provided that the failure of the purchase or sale of the 
securities was not caused by the fiduciary or its affiliate as a 
``mistake.'' According to the commenter, generally, when there is a 
failure in the market, it is extremely hard to tell the exact cause, so 
the relief should not be conditioned on finger pointing, which could 
create unnecessary delays.
    More than one commenter expressed concern that the proposed 
expansion of the recordkeeping amendment, which would have required 
broker-dealers to provide access to certain records for examination by 
more persons and entities than the current exemption may, among other 
consequences, open the door to privacy concerns, fishing expeditions, 
abuse, and unnecessary risk.
    After considering the comments, the Department has determined not 
to finalize the proposed condition that would have required the 
investment advice fiduciary not to have caused the potential failure of 
the purchase or sale of the securities in the extension of credit 
amendment. The Department has determined that fiduciaries should be 
able to extend credit in order to avoid a failed securities 
transaction. The Department did not receive any

[[Page 32352]]

substantive comments on the IRA definition, which it is finalizing to 
read as follows: ``Individual Retirement Account'' or ``IRA'' means any 
plan that is an account or annuity described in Code section 
4975(e)(1)(B) through (F). This language is consistent with the IRA 
definition in PTE 2020-02. After considering the comments, the 
Department also is not amending the recordkeeping provision in PTE 75-1 
Part V.

Summary of Additional Proposed Amendments to PTE 86-128

    The Department proposed certain administrative changes to PTE 86-
128, which are not directly related to the provision of fiduciary 
investment advice. The Department proposed to delete Section IV(a), 
which provides an exclusion from the conditions of the exemption for 
certain plans not covering employees, including IRAs, to increase the 
safeguards available to these Retirement Investors. Therefore, under 
the proposed amendment, fiduciaries that exercise full discretionary 
authority or control with respect to IRAs could have continued to rely 
on PTE 86-128 but would have had to meet the protective conditions of 
this exemption for IRAs as well as for Title I plans.
    The Department also proposed certain technical changes to the 
exemption, including deleting subsection IV(b)(1), and redesignating 
remaining sections as needed. The language currently in Section 
IV(b)(1) excludes fiduciary investment advice providers; however, under 
the proposed amendment, fiduciary investment advice providers would 
have been excluded from the exemption as a whole; therefore, the 
exclusion does not need to be repeated in Section IV. As a result of 
the deletion of Section IV(a) and IV(b)(1), the Department proposed to 
redesignate subsections IV(b)(2) and (3) as subsections IV(a)(1) and 
(2), respectively, Section IV(c) as Section IV(b), and Section IV(d) as 
Section IV(c).
    Redesignated Section IV(b) of the proposed amendment would have 
provided that certain conditions in Section III do not apply in any 
case where the person who is engaging in a covered transaction returns 
or credits to the plan all profits earned by that person and any 
related entity in connection with the securities transactions 
associated with the covered transaction. This provision is referred to 
as the ``Recapture of Profits'' exception. The Department provided an 
exception from the conditions in Section III for the recapture of 
profits due to the benefits plans and IRAs would derive from such 
arrangements.
    Discretionary trustees were first permitted to rely on PTE 86-128 
without meeting the Recapture of Profits provision pursuant to an 
amendment in 2002 (the 2002 Amendment). Before the 2002 Amendment, 
Section III(a) provided that ``[t]he person engaging in the covered 
transaction [may not be] a trustee (other than a nondiscretionary 
trustee), or an administrator of the plan, or an employer any of whose 
employees are covered by the plan.'' Under the 2002 Amendment, the 
reference to ``trustee (other than a nondiscretionary trustee)'' was 
deleted from Section III(a); therefore, discretionary trustees had to 
satisfy additional conditions set forth in Section III(h) and (i) to 
rely on the exemption.\11\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \11\ Section III(h) provides that discretionary trustees may 
engage in the covered transactions only with plans or IRAs with 
total net assets of at least $50 million, and Section III(i) 
requires discretionary trustees to provide additional disclosures.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Department understands that after the 2002 Amendment, 
practitioners questioned whether discretionary trustees were permitted 
to rely on the Recapture of Profits exception, which allows persons 
identified in Section III(a) to engage in the covered transactions if 
they return or credit to the plan or IRA all profits, as an alternative 
to complying with Sections III(h) and (i). By deleting the reference to 
discretionary trustees from Section III(a), the Department understands 
that the 2002 Amendment inadvertently may have prevented discretionary 
trustees of plans or IRAs from using the Recapture of Profits exception 
from the conditions imposed by Section III of the exemption, and 
instead, may have limited the relief provided in the exemption to 
discretionary trustees that satisfy that additional conditions in 
Section III(h) and (i). This result was not intended; therefore, the 
Department proposed to modify the exemption to permit all discretionary 
trustees to utilize the recapture of profits exception as they 
originally were permitted to before the 2002 Amendment.
    In order to achieve this result, the Department proposed to amend 
redesignated section IV(b) to provide that Sections III(a), III(h), and 
III(i) do not apply in any case where the person engaging in the 
covered transaction returns or credits to the plan or IRA all profits 
earned by that person in connection with the securities transaction 
associated with the covered transaction. In addition, the Department 
proposed to reinsert a reference to trustees (other than 
nondiscretionary trustees) in Section III(a) along with the existing 
references to plan administrators and employers. Finally, the 
Department proposed to add a sentence to the end of Section III(a) 
stating that: ``Notwithstanding the foregoing, this condition does not 
apply to a trustee (other than a nondiscretionary trustee) that 
satisfies Section III(h) and (i), and to all persons identified in this 
paragraph that satisfy the Recapture of Profits exception in Section 
IV(b)).''
    The purpose of these proposed amendments was to clarify that 
discretionary trustees may engage in covered transactions if they 
satisfy Section III(h) and (i) of the exemption. Moreover, the proposed 
amendment would have clarified that all parties identified in Section 
III(a)--discretionary trustees, plan administrators, or employers who 
have any employees covered by the plan--can engage in a transaction 
covered under PTE 86-128 if they satisfy the Recapture of Profits 
exception.
    Lastly, the Department proposed to add a new Section VII to PTE 86-
128 that would have required the fiduciary engaging in a covered 
transaction to maintain records necessary to enable certain persons 
(described in proposed Section VII(b)) to determine whether the 
conditions of this exemption have been met.

Discussion of Comments to Additional Proposed Amendments to PTE 86-128

    Proposed Amendment to IV(a). At least one commenter stated that the 
Department did not consider the disruption that would be caused by 
eliminating the exclusion from the exemption conditions for covered 
transaction engaged in on behalf of IRAs. Another commenter stated that 
the Department did not explain how a retail investor would benefit 
from, or understand, complex and potentially confusing disclosures they 
would have been required to receive under the proposed amendment, which 
are intended for institutional, sophisticated plan fiduciaries. The 
commenter stated also that the proposed amendment does not provide any 
guidance on how persons engaging in covered transactions under the 
exemption can comply with the proposed amendment.
    After considering these comments, the Department has determined not 
to eliminate the exclusion from the current exemption conditions of PTE 
86-128 for covered transactions engaged in on behalf of IRAs. The 
Department's objective for amending PTE 86-128 and other affected 
exemptions is to ensure that consistent and protective standards apply 
to investment advice. The Department does not intend to impose

[[Page 32353]]

any additional obligations on entities relying on PTE 86-128 at this 
time. The Department notes, however, that it may revisit the scope and 
content of PTE 86-128 as part of future notice and comment rulemaking.
    Proposed Amendment to Part VII. Some commenters raised concerns 
with the proposed new recordkeeping provision. One commenter stated 
that absent such explanation or public policy rationale, it is not 
necessary to make the fiduciary's records available to the participants 
and beneficiaries (and their authorized representatives). The commenter 
recommended that the Department delete the proposed language that would 
allow retirement investors and their authorized representatives direct 
access to the records of fiduciaries relying on PTE 86-128.
    Another commenter also expressed concerns about the proposed 
recordkeeping condition. Among other things, the commenter objected to 
unions being allowed to have any record of the plan. The commenter 
asserted that this provision undermines the careful balance of labor 
relations in this country and argued that it is preempted by the 
National Labor Relations Act.
    After consideration of the comments, the Department has deleted the 
proposed recordkeeping requirements applicable to Section VII of PTE 
86-128. However, as with PTE 2020-02, the Department intends to monitor 
compliance with the exemption closely and may revisit whether expanding 
the recordkeeping requirement is appropriate in the future. Any future 
amendments would be preceded by notice and an opportunity for public 
comment.
    Other Proposed Change to PTE 86-128. The Department did not receive 
comments on the proposed technical changes discussed above, or the 
proposed modification that permits discretionary trustees to utilize 
the Recapture of Profits exception in Section IV(d) of PTE 86-128 as 
was permitted when the Department originally issued PTE 86-128. 
Therefore, the Department has finalized these technical changes as 
proposed.

Executive Orders

    Executive Orders 12866 \12\ and 13563 \13\ direct agencies to 
assess all costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives. If 
regulation is necessary, agencies must choose a regulatory approach 
that maximizes net benefits, including potential economic, 
environmental, public health and safety effects; distributive impacts; 
and equity. Executive Order 13563 emphasizes the importance of 
quantifying costs and benefits, reducing costs, harmonizing rules, and 
promoting flexibility.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \12\ 58 FR 51735 (Oct. 4, 1993).
    \13\ 76 FR 3821 (Jan. 21, 2011).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Under Executive Order 12866, ``significant'' regulatory actions are 
subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). As 
amended by Executive Order 14094,\14\ entitled ``Modernizing Regulatory 
Review,'' section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866 defines a ``significant 
regulatory action'' as any regulatory action that is likely to result 
in a rule that may: (1) have an annual effect on the economy of $200 
million or more (adjusted every three years by the Administrator of the 
Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) for changes in 
gross domestic product); or adversely affect in a material way the 
economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the 
environment, public health or safety, or State, local, Territorial, or 
Tribal governments or communities; (2) create a serious inconsistency 
or otherwise interfere with an action taken or planned by another 
agency; (3) materially alter the budgetary impacts of entitlement 
grants, user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of 
recipients thereof; or (4)raise legal or policy issues for which 
centralized review would meaningfully further the President's 
priorities or the principles set forth in the Executive order, as 
specifically authorized in a timely manner by the Administrator of OIRA 
in each case.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \14\ 88 FR 21879 (Apr. 6, 2023).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    It has been determined that this amendment is significant within 
the meaning of section 3(f)(1) of the Executive Order. Therefore, the 
Department has provided an assessment of the amendment's costs, 
benefits, and transfers, and OMB has reviewed the rulemaking.

Paperwork Reduction Act Statements

    In accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA) (44 
U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)), the Department solicited comments concerning the 
information collection requirements (ICRs) included in the proposed 
rulemaking. The Department received comments that addressed the burden 
estimates used in the analysis of the proposed rulemaking. The 
Department reviewed these public comments in developing the paperwork 
burden analysis and subsequently revised the burden estimates in the 
amendments to the PTEs discussed below.
    ICRs are available at RegInfo.gov (https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/PRAMain). Requests for copies of the ICR or additional information 
can be sent to the PRA addressee:

By mail James Butikofer, Office of Research and Analysis, Employee 
Benefits Security Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 
Constitution Avenue NW, Room N-5718, Washington, DC 20210
By email [email protected]

Preliminary Assumptions

    The Department assumes that several types of personnel will perform 
the tasks associated with information collection requests at an hourly 
wage rate of $65.99 for clerical personnel, $165.71 for a legal 
professional, $198.25 for a financial manager.\15\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \15\ Internal DOL calculation based on 2023 labor cost data and 
adjusted for inflation to reflect 2024 wages. For a description of 
the Department's methodology for calculating wage rates, see: 
Employee Benefits Security Administration, Labor Cost Inputs Used in 
the Employee Benefits Security Administration, Office of Policy and 
Research's Regulatory Impact Analyses and Paperwork Reduction Act 
Burden Calculations, Employee Benefits Security Administration, 
https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/EBSA/laws-and-regulations/rules-and-regulations/technical-appendices/labor-cost-inputs-used-in-ebsa-opr-ria-and-pra-burden-calculations-june-2019.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In the proposal, the Department received several comments on the 
Department's labor cost estimate, particularly the cost for legal 
support, remarking that it was too low. The Department assumes that 
tasks involving legal professionals will be completed by a combination 
of legal professionals, likely consisting of attorneys, legal support 
staff, and other professionals and in-house and out-sourced 
individuals. The labor cost associated with these tasks is estimated to 
be $165.71, which is the Department's estimated labor cost for an in-
house attorney. The Department understands that some may feel this 
estimate is comparatively low to their experience, especially when 
hiring an outside ERISA legal expert. However, the Department has 
chosen this cost estimate understanding that it is meant to be an 
average, blended, or typical rate from a verifiable and repeatable 
source.

Removal of Investment Advice and PTE 2020-02

    The Department is amending PTE 77-4, PTE 75-1, PTE 80-83, PTE 83-1, 
and PTE 86-128, to remove relief in those exemptions for the receipt of 
compensation as a result of the provision of investment advice within 
the meaning of ERISA section 3(21)(A)(ii) and Code section

[[Page 32354]]

4975(e)(3)(B) and regulations thereunder. Investment advice providers 
will instead have to rely on the amended PTE 2020-02 or PTE 84-24 for 
exemptive relief covering investment advice transactions. For an 
estimate of the costs incurred by entities now reliant on PTE 2020-02, 
refer to the discussion of the amendments to PTE 2020-02 and PTE 84-24 
published in this issue of today' Federal Register.
    In the proposal, the Department received several comments that the 
Mass Amendments would be costly and disruptive. Some of the commenters 
expressed concern that the exemptions are tailored to specific types of 
transactions and moving all investment advice transactions to PTE 2020-
02 and PTE 84-24 would be burdensome. Several commenters on the 
proposal expressed concern about the cost burden associated this 
change, with many stating that the Department had not considered the 
cost associated with moving to PTE 2020-02. In consideration of these 
comments, the Department has increased its cost estimates for entities 
newly relying on PTE 2020-02 and PTE 84-24. The increases include 
significant increases in the cost estimates to review and implement the 
rule and to establish policies and procedures. For a complete 
discussion of the cost estimates, refer to the Paperwork Reduction Act 
sections for PTE 2020-02 and PTE 84-24 or the regulatory impact 
analysis in Retirement Security Rule: Definition of an Investment 
Advice Fiduciary, also published in today's Federal Register.

Amendments to PTE 75-1

Affected Entities

    Broker-dealers registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
(15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.), reporting dealers, and banks are eligible to 
rely on the exemption. According to the SEC, approximately 3,490 
broker-dealers were SEC-registered as of December 2022.\16\ Not all 
broker-dealers perform services for employee benefit plans. In 2022, 55 
percent of registered investment advisers provided employer-sponsored 
retirement benefits consulting.\17\ Assuming the percentage of broker-
dealers providing advice to retirement plans is the same as the percent 
of investment advisers providing services to plans, the Department 
estimates 55 percent, or 1,919 broker-dealers, would be affected by PTE 
75-1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \16\ Estimates based on SEC's FOCUS filings and SEC's Form ADV 
filings.
    \17\ Cerulli Associates, U.S. RIA Marketplace 2023, Exhibit 
5.10, Part 1, The Cerulli Report.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    According to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, there are 
4,049 commercial banks as of September 30, 2023.\18\ If one-half of 
these banks (about 2,025) and 55 percent of broker-dealers (about 1,919 
broker-dealers) relied on this exemption, there would be approximately 
3,944 respondents.\19\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \18\ Federal Insurance Deposit Corporation, Quarterly Banking 
Profile, Statistics at a Glance- as of September 30, 2023, https://www.fdic.gov/analysis/quarterly-banking-profile/statistics-at-a-glance/2023sep/industry.pdf.
    \19\ Reporting dealers covered by the exemption are not 
accounted for separately because they are banks and security 
brokerages that trade in U.S. Government Securities; thus, reporting 
dealers are already accounted for in the number of broker-dealer 
firms and banks. The New York Federal Reserve Bank reported 21 
primary dealers on March 21, 2013. http://www.newyorkfed.org/markets/pridealers_current.html.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Disclosure Requirements

    Under Part V(c) of PTE 75-1, when a fiduciary extends credit to 
avoid a failed purchase or sale of securities, the plan or IRA must 
receive written disclosure of the rate of interest (or other fees) that 
will apply and the method of determining the balance upon which 
interest will be charged, as well as prior written disclosure of any 
changes to these terms. The plan or IRA must also be provided with 
prior written disclosure of any changes to these terms.
    The Department believes that it is a usual and customary business 
practice to maintain records required to demonstrate compliance with 
disclosure distribution regulations mandated by the Securities and 
Exchange Commission (SEC). The Department believes that this new 
disclosure requirement is consistent with the disclosure requirement 
mandated by the SEC in 17 CFR 240.10b-16(1) for margin transactions. 
Therefore, the Department concludes that this requirement produces no 
additional burden to the public.

Recordkeeping Requirements

    In the proposal, the Department proposed to amended PTE 75-1 Parts 
II and V to adjust the recordkeeping requirement to shift the burden 
from plans and IRA owners to financial institutions. In the final 
rulemaking, the Department has decided to keep the recordkeeping 
requirement unchanged from the existing exemption.
    The Department has assumed that financial service providers that 
transact with employee benefit plans will maintain these records on 
behalf of their client plans. Because of the sophisticated nature of 
financial service providers and the regulation of the securities 
industry by State and Federal government, and by self-regulatory 
organizations, the Department has assumed that the records required by 
this class exemption are the same records kept in the normal course of 
business, or in compliance with other requirements.
    The Department has estimated that the time needed to maintain 
records for the financial institutions to be consistent with the 
exemption will be four hours per entity annually at a wage rate of 
$198.25 per hour.\20\ Thus, the Department estimates it would take 
15,778 hours at an equivalent cost of $3,127,949 to maintain the 
records and make the records available for inspection.\21\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \20\ Internal Department calculation based on 2023 labor cost 
data. For a description of the Department's methodology for 
calculating wage rates, see https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/EBSA/laws-and-regulations/rules-and-regulations/technical-appendices/labor-cost-inputs-used-in-ebsa-opr-ria-and-pra-burden-calculations-june-2019.pdf.
    \21\ The burden is estimated as follows: 3,944 financial 
institutions x 4 hours = 15,778 hours. A labor rate of $198.25 is 
used for a financial manager. The labor rate is applied in the 
following calculation: (3,944 financial institutions x 4 hours) x 
$198.25 = $3,127,949.

                     Table 1--Hour Burden and Equivalent Cost Associated With Recordkeeping
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Year 1                     Subsequent years
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
                    Activity                                        Equivalent                      Equivalent
                                                   Burden hours     burden cost    Burden hours     burden cost
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Financial Manager...............................          15,778      $3,127,949          15,778      $3,127,949
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................          15,778       3,127,949          15,778       3,127,949
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 32355]]

Summary

    In sum, the Department estimates the total burden for the amended 
PTE 1975-1 is 15,778 hours at a total equivalent burden cost of 
$3,127,949. The total cost burden is estimated to be de minimis. The 
Department assumes that required records are maintained by the relevant 
affected entities, the broker-dealers and banks. Thus, there are no 
additional tasks performed outside of those performed by the brokerage 
firms and banks.
    The paperwork burden estimates are summarized as follows:
    Type of Review: Revision of an existing collection.
    Agency: Employee Benefits Security Administration, Department of 
Labor.
    Titles: Prohibited Transaction Exemption 75-1 (Security 
Transactions with Broker-Dealers, Reporting Dealers and Banks).
    OMB Control Number: 1210-0092.
    Affected Public: Businesses or other for-profits; not for profit 
institutions.
    Estimated Number of Respondents: 3,944.
    Estimated Number of Annual Responses: 3,944.
    Frequency of Response: Initially, Annually, When engaging in 
exempted transaction.
    Estimated Total Annual Burden Hours: 15,778 hours.
    Estimated Total Annual Burden Cost: $0.

Amendments to PTE 86-128

Affected Entities

    Using data from 2021 Form 5500, the Department estimates that 1,257 
unique plans hired service providers denoting on the Schedule C that 
they were a discretionary trustee. Further, among these plans, 801 also 
reported that they provided investment management services or received 
investment management fees paid directly or indirectly by the plan.\22\ 
Based on these values, the Department estimates on average, 1,000 plans 
have discretionary fiduciaries with full discretionary control. As 
small plans do not file the Schedule C, this estimate may be an 
underestimate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \22\ Estimates based on 2021 Form 5500 data.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In the proposal, a few commenters expressed concern that disruption 
would be caused by the amendments. One commenter expressed concern that 
the removal of investment advice would increase costs to retirement 
investors, as entities would need to comply with PTE 2020-02. The 
Department did not receive comments specifically addressing the 
Department's estimates of the number of entities that would continue to 
rely on PTE 86-128 under the proposed amendments and did not receive 
any which directly discussed plan reliance on PTE 86-128.
    The Department estimates that of the estimated 1,000 plans 
discussed above, 7.5 percent are new accounts or new financial advice 
relationships.\23\ Based on these assumptions, the Department estimates 
that 75 plans would be affected by the proposed amendments to PTE 1986-
128.\24\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \23\ EBSA identified 57,575 new plans in its 2021 Form 5500 
filings, or 7.5 percent of all Form 5500 pension plan filings.
    \24\ The number of new plans is estimated as: 1,000 plans x 7.5 
percent of plans are new [ap] 75 new plans.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Department lacks reliable data on the number of investment 
advice providers who are discretionary fiduciaries that would rely on 
the amended exemption. For the purposes of this analysis, the 
Department believes that in trying to capture financial entities 
engaging in cross trades with discretionary control, the number of 
dual-registered broker-dealers that render services to retirement plans 
provides an accurate estimate. As of December 2022, there were 
approximately 456 broker-dealers registered as SEC- or state-registered 
investment advisers.\25\ Consistent with the assumptions made about 
broker-dealers affected by the amendments to PTE 2020-02, the 
Department estimates that 55 percent, or 251 broker-dealers will be 
affected by the amendments.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \25\ Estimates are based on the SEC's FOCUS filings and Form ADV 
filings.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Department requested comment on this assumption, particularly 
with regard to what types of entities would be likely to rely on the 
amended exemption, as well as any underlying data. The Department did 
not receive any comments.

Written Authorizations, Evaluations, Forms, Reports, and Statements

Written Authorization From the Authorizing Fiduciary to the Broker-
Dealer

    Authorizing fiduciaries of new plans entering into a relationship 
with a transacting fiduciary are required to provide the transacting 
fiduciary with an advance written authorization to perform transactions 
for the plan. The Department estimates that there are approximately 75 
plans that are new or that enter new arrangements each year.\26\ 
Therefore, the Department estimates that approximately 75 authorizing 
fiduciaries are expected to send an advance written authorization. It 
is assumed that a legal professional will spend 15 minutes per plan 
reviewing the disclosures and preparing an authorization form. This 
results in a burden of 19 hours with an equivalent cost of $3,107.\27\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \26\ 75 plans that are new or that enter new arrangements each 
year.
    \27\ The burden is estimated as follows: 75 plans x (15 minutes 
per plan / 60 minutes) [ap] 19 hours. A labor rate of $165.71 is 
used for a legal professional. The labor rate is applied in the 
following calculation: [75 plans x (15 minutes per plan / 60 
minutes)] x $165.71 per hour [ap] $3,107.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    To produce and distribute the authorization, the Department assumes 
that 100 percent of plans will use traditional electronic methods at no 
additional burden. The Department assumes that clerical staff will 
spend five minutes preparing and sending the authorization, resulting 
in a burden of approximately 6 hours with an equivalent cost of 
$412.\28\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \28\ The burden is estimated as follows: 75 plans x (5 minutes 
per plan / 60 minutes) [ap] 6 hours. A labor rate of $65.99 is used 
for a clerical worker. The labor rate is applied in the following 
calculation: [75 plans x (5 minutes per plan / 60 minutes)] x $65.99 
[ap] $412.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In total, the written authorization requirement is expected to 
result in a total burden of 25 hours with an equivalent cost of $3,520.

[[Page 32356]]



               Table 2--Hour Burden and Equivalent Cost Associated With the Written Authorization
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Year 1                     Subsequent years
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
                    Activity                                        Equivalent                      Equivalent
                                                   Burden hours     burden cost    Burden hours     burden cost
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Legal...........................................              19          $3,107              19          $3,107
Clerical........................................               6             412               6             412
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................              25           3,520              25           3,520
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: The total value may not sum due to rounding.

Provision of Materials for Evaluation of Authorization of Transaction

    Prior to a written authorization being made, the authorizing 
fiduciary must be provided by the financial institution with a copy of 
the exemption, a form for termination of authorization, a description 
of broker's placement practices, and any other reasonably available 
information. This information is assumed to be readily available.
    To produce and distribute the materials, the Department assumes 
that 100 percent of financial institutions will use traditional 
electronic methods at no additional burden. The Department estimates 
that a clerical staff member will spend five minutes to prepare and 
distribute the required information to the authorizing fiduciary. This 
information will be sent to the 75 plans entering into an agreement 
with a financial institution, and based on the above, the Department 
estimates that this requirement results in a burden of 6 hours with an 
equivalent cost of $412.\29\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \29\ The burden is estimated as follows: 75 plans x (5 minutes 
per plan / 60 minutes) [ap] 6 hours. A labor rate of $65.99 is used 
for a clerical worker. The labor rate is applied in the following 
calculation: [75 plans x (5 minutes per plan / 60 minutes)] x $65.99 
[ap] $412.

  Table 3--Hour Burden and Equivalent Cost Associated With Provision of Materials for Transaction Authorization
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Year 1                     Subsequent Years
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
                    Activity                                        Equivalent                      Equivalent
                                                   Burden hours     burden cost    Burden hours     burden cost
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Clerical........................................               6            $412               6            $412
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................               6             412               6             412
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Provision of an Annual Termination Form

    Each authorizing fiduciary must be supplied annually with a form 
expressly providing an election to terminate the written authorization. 
It is assumed that legal professionals with each of the 251 affected 
transacting fiduciaries will spend on average 15 minutes preparing the 
termination forms, which results in a burden of 63 hours with an 
equivalent cost of $10,390.\30\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \30\ The burden is estimated as follows: [251 transacting 
fiduciaries x (15 minutes per financial institution / 60 minutes)] 
[ap] 63 hours. A labor rate of $165.71 is used for a legal 
professional. The labor rate is applied in the following 
calculation: [251 transacting fiduciaries x (15 minutes per 
financial institution / 60 minutes)] x $165.71 per hour [ap] 
$10,390.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    To produce and distribute the termination form to the 1,000 plans, 
the Department assumes that 100 percent of financial institutions will 
use traditional electronic methods at no additional burden. The 
Department estimates that clerical staff will spend five minutes per 
plan preparing and distributing the termination forms resulting in a 
burden of 83 hours with an equivalent cost of $5,499.\31\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \31\ The burden is estimated as follows: 1,000 plans x (5 
minutes per plan / 60 minutes) [ap] 83 hours. A labor rate of $65.99 
is used for a clerical worker. The labor rate is applied in the 
following calculation: [1,000 plans x (5 minutes per plan / 60 
minutes)] x $65.99 [ap] $5,499.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In total, providing the annual termination form is expected to 
impose a burden of 146 hours with an equivalent cost of $15,889.

        Table 4--Hour Burden and Equivalent Cost Associated With Provision of the Annual Termination Form
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Year 1                     Subsequent years
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
                    Activity                                        Equivalent                      Equivalent
                                                   Burden hours     burden cost    Burden hours     burden cost
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Legal...........................................              63         $10,390              63         $10,390
Clerical........................................              83           5,499              83           5,499
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................             146          15,889             146          15,889
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Transaction Reporting

    The transacting fiduciary engaging in a covered transaction must 
furnish the authorizing fiduciary with either a conformation slip for 
each securities transaction or a quarterly report containing specified 
information. As discussed above, the provision of the confirmation 
already is required under

[[Page 32357]]

SEC regulations. Therefore, if the transaction reporting requirement is 
satisfied by sending conformation slips, no additional hour and cost 
burden will occur.

Annual Statement

    In addition to the transaction reporting requirement, transacting 
fiduciaries are required to send an annual report to each of the 1,000 
authorizing fiduciaries \32\ containing the same information as the 
quarterly report and also containing all security transaction-related 
charges, the brokerage placement practices, and a portfolio turnover 
ratio.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \32\ 1,000 plans.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition, it is assumed that the information that must be sent 
annually could be sent together; therefore, the clerical staff hours 
required to prepare and distribute the report has been included with 
the provision of annual termination form requirement. Therefore, no 
additional hour or equivalent cost burden has been reported.

Report of Commissions Paid

    A discretionary trustee must provide an authorizing fiduciary with 
an annual report showing separately the commissions paid to affiliated 
brokers and non-affiliated brokers, on both a total dollar basis and a 
cents-per-share basis. The collecting and generation of the information 
for the quarterly report is reported as a cost burden. The clerical 
hour burden to prepare and distribute the report is included with the 
provision of annual termination form requirement, because both items 
are required to be sent annually.
    A financial institution who is a discretionary trustee must provide 
each of the 1,000 authorizing fiduciaries with an annual report showing 
commissions paid to affiliated and non-affiliated brokers, on both a 
total dollar and a cents-per-share basis. As the report is sent 
annually, it is assumed that it could be sent with the transaction 
report. The Department estimates that 100 percent of financial 
institutions will use traditional electronic methods at no additional 
burden.
    Financial institutions are required to report specific transaction 
fees and information to the plan fiduciaries. The information must be 
tracked, assigned to specific plans, and reported. It is assumed that 
it costs the financial institution $3.30 per plan to track this 
information.\33\ With approximately 1,000 affected plans, this results 
in a cost burden of approximately $3,300 annually.\34\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \33\ This estimate is based on information from a Request for 
Information and from industry sources.
    \34\ 1,000 plans x $3.30 = $3,300.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In total, providing the report is expected to impose a total cost 
burden of $3,300.

                    Table 5--Hour Burden and Cost Associated With Report of Commissions Paid
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Year 1                     Subsequent years
                    Activity                     ---------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   Burden hours     Cost burden    Burden hours     Cost burden
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Clerical........................................               0          $3,300               0          $3,300
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................               0           3,300               0           3,300
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Summary

    In total, the conditions of this exemption will result in the 
production of 44,821 disclosures.\35\ The Department assumes that 100 
percent of plans and financial institutions will use electronic methods 
to distribute the required information, at de minimis burden. 
Production and distribution of disclosures will result in an overall 
hour burden of 177 hours with an equivalent cost of $19,821 and an 
overall cost burden of $3,300.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \35\ The total number of disclosures is calculated in the 
following manner: (75 Written authorization disclosures) + (75 
Provision of materials for evaluation of authorization of 
transaction) + (1,000 Annual termination form) + (1,000 Annual 
Statement) + (1,000 Report of Commissions Paid) + (1,000 Information 
and fee tracking) = 4,150 disclosures.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The paperwork burden estimates are summarized as follows:
    Type of Review: Revision to an existing collection.
    Agency: Employee Benefits Security Administration, Department of 
Labor.
    Titles: PTE 86-128 (Securities Broker-Dealers).
    OMB Control Number: 1210-0059.
    Affected Public: Businesses or other for-profits; not for profit 
institutions.
    Estimated Number of Respondents: 326.
    Estimated Number of Annual Responses: 4,150.
    Frequency of Response: Initially, Annually, When engaging in 
exempted transaction.
    Estimated Total Annual Burden Hours: 177 hours.
    Estimated Total Annual Burden Cost: $3,300.

Amendments to PTE 77-4, 80-83 and PTE 83-1

    The Department has determined that PTE 77-4 and PTE 80-83 do not 
have information collections impacted by the removal of advice from the 
exemption. There is no paperwork burden related to PTE 83-1.

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) \36\ imposes certain 
requirements on rules subject to the notice and comment requirements of 
section 553(b) of the Administrative Procedure Act or any other 
law.\37\ Under section 604 of the RFA, agencies must submit a final 
regulatory flexibility analysis (FRFA) of a final rulemaking that is 
likely to have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of 
small entities, such as small businesses, organizations, and 
governmental jurisdictions. This amended exemption, along with related 
amended exemptions and a rule amendment published elsewhere in this 
issue of the Federal Register, is part of a rulemaking regarding the 
definition of fiduciary investment advice, which the Department has 
determined likely will have a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities. The impact of this amendment on 
small entities is included in the FRFA for the entire project, which 
can be found in the related notice of rulemaking found elsewhere in 
this edition of the Federal Register.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \36\ 5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.
    \37\ 5 U.S.C. 601(2), 603(a); see 5 U.S.C. 551.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 \38\ requires 
each Federal agency to prepare a written statement assessing the 
effects of any Federal mandate in a final rule that may result in an 
expenditure of $100 million or more (adjusted annually for inflation 
with the base year 1995) in any 1 year

[[Page 32358]]

by state, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the 
private sector. For purposes of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act, as 
well as Executive Order 12875, these amended exemptions do not include 
any Federal mandate that will result in such expenditures.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \38\ Public Law 104-4, 109 Stat. 48 (Mar. 22, 1995).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Federalism Statement

    Executive Order 13132 outlines fundamental principles of 
federalism. It also requires Federal agencies to adhere to specific 
criteria in formulating and implementing policies that have 
``substantial direct effects'' on the states, the relationship between 
the national government and states, or on the distribution of power and 
responsibilities among the various levels of government. Federal 
agencies promulgating regulations that have these federalism 
implications must consult with State and local officials and describe 
the extent of their consultation and the nature of the concerns of 
State and local officials in the preamble to the final regulation. 
Notwithstanding this, Section 514 of ERISA provides, with certain 
exceptions specifically enumerated, that the provisions of Titles I and 
IV of ERISA supersede any and all laws of the States as they relate to 
any employee benefit plan covered under ERISA.
    The Department has carefully considered the regulatory landscape in 
the states and worked to ensure that its regulations would not impose 
obligations on impacted industries that are inconsistent with their 
responsibilities under state law, including the obligations imposed in 
states that based their laws on the NAIC Model Regulation. Nor would 
these regulations impose obligations or costs on the state regulators. 
As discussed more fully in the final Regulation and in the preamble to 
PTE 84-24, there is a long history of shared regulation of insurance 
between the States and the Federal government. The Supreme Court 
addressed this issue and held that ``ERISA leaves room for 
complementary or dual federal or state regulation'' of insurance.\39\ 
The Department designed the final Regulation and exemptions to 
complement State insurance laws.\40\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \39\ See John Hancock Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Harris Trust & Sav. 
Bank, 510 U.S. 86, 98 (1993).
    \40\ See BancOklahoma Mortg. Corp. v. Capital Title Co., Inc., 
194 F.3d 1089 (10th Cir. 1999) (stating that McCarran-Ferguson Act 
bars the application of a Federal statute only if (1) the Federal 
statute does not specifically relate to the business of insurance; 
(2) a State statute has been enacted for the purpose of regulating 
the business of insurance; and (3) the Federal statute would 
invalidate, impair, or supersede the State statute); Prescott 
Architects, Inc. v. Lexington Ins. Co., 638 F. Supp. 2d 1317 (N.D. 
Fla. 2009); see also U.S. v. Rhode Island Insurers' Insolvency Fund, 
80 F.3d 616 (1st Cir. 1996). The Supreme Court has held that to 
``impair'' a State law is to hinder its operation or ``frustrate [a] 
goal of that law.'' Humana Inc. v. Forsyth, 525 U.S. 299, 308 
(1999).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Department does not intend for these amendments to change the 
scope or effect of ERISA section 514, including the savings clause in 
ERISA section 514(b)(2)(A) for State regulation of securities, banking, 
or insurance laws. Ultimately, the Department does not believe these 
amendments have federalism implications because they have no 
substantial direct effect on the States, on the relationship between 
the National government and the States, or on the distribution of power 
and responsibilities among the various levels of government.

General Information

    The attention of interested persons is directed to the following:
    (1) The fact that a transaction is the subject of an exemption 
under ERISA section 408(a) and/or Code section 4975(c)(2) does not 
relieve a fiduciary, or other party in interest with respect to a plan 
or IRA, from certain other provisions of ERISA and the Code, including 
but not limited to any prohibited transaction provisions to which the 
exemption does not apply and the general fiduciary responsibility 
provisions of ERISA section 404 which require, among other things, that 
a fiduciary act prudently and discharge their duties respecting the 
plan solely in the interests of the participants and beneficiaries of 
the plan. Additionally, the fact that a transaction is the subject of 
an exemption does not affect the requirements of Code section 401(a), 
including that the plan must operate for the exclusive benefit of the 
employees of the employer maintaining the Plan and their beneficiaries;
    (2) In accordance with ERISA section 408(a) and Code section 
4975(c)(2), and based on the entire record, the Department finds that 
this final amendment to class exemptions is administratively feasible, 
in the interests of plans, their participants and beneficiaries, and 
IRA owners, and protective of the rights of participants and 
beneficiaries of the plan and IRA owners;
    (3) The final amendment to the class exemptions is applicable to a 
particular transaction only if the transaction satisfies the conditions 
specified in the exemption; and
    (4) The final amendment to the class exemptions is supplemental to, 
and not in derogation of, any other provisions of ERISA and the Code, 
including statutory or administrative exemptions and transitional 
rules. Furthermore, the fact that a transaction is subject to an 
administrative or statutory exemption is not dispositive of whether the 
transaction is in fact a prohibited transaction.
    The Department is granting the following amendments to class 
exemptions on its own motion, pursuant to its authority under ERISA 
section 408(a) and Code section 4975(c)(2) and in accordance with 
procedures set forth in 29 CFR part 2570, subpart B (76 FR 66637 
(October 27, 2011)).\41\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \41\ Reorganization Plan No. 4 of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App. 1 (2018)) 
generally transferred the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury 
to grant administrative exemptions under Code section 4975 to the 
Secretary of Labor. Procedures Governing the Filing and Processing 
of Prohibited Transaction Exemption Applications were amended 
effective April 8, 2024 (29 CFR part 2570, subpart B (89 FR 4662 
(January 24, 2024)).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Amendments to Class Exemptions

Prohibited Transaction Exemption 75-1, Exemptions From Prohibitions 
Respecting Certain Classes of Transactions Involving Employee Benefit 
Plans and Certain Broker-Dealers, Reporting Dealers and Banks

    The Department amends Prohibited Transaction Exemption 75-1 under 
the authority of ERISA section 408(a) and Code section 4975(c)(2), and 
in accordance with the procedures set forth in 29 CFR part 2570, 
subpart B (76 FR 66637 (October 27, 2011)).
    I. Part III, Underwritings, is amended by inserting a new section 
III(h) to read as follows:
    Exception. No relief from the restrictions of ERISA section 406(b) 
and the taxes imposed by Code section 4975(a) and (b) by reason of Code 
sections 4975(c)(1)(E) and (F) is available for the receipt of 
compensation as a result of the provision of investment advice within 
the meaning of ERISA section 3(21)(A)(ii) and Code section 
4975(e)(3)(B) and regulations thereunder.
    II. Part IV, Market-making, is amended by inserting a new section 
IV(g) to read as follows:
    Exception. No relief from the restrictions of ERISA section 406(b) 
and the taxes imposed by Code section 4975(a) and (b) by reason of Code 
sections 4975(c)(1)(E) and (F) is available for the receipt of 
compensation as a result of the provision of investment advice within 
the meaning of ERISA section 3(21)(A)(ii) or Code section 4975(e)(3)(B) 
and regulations thereunder.

[[Page 32359]]

    III. Part V, Extension of Credit, is amended by adding new Section 
(c) as follows and redesignating Sections (c) and (d) as Sections (d) 
and (e), respectively:
    (c) Notwithstanding section (a)(2), a fiduciary under ERISA section 
3(21)(A)(ii) or Code section 4975(e)(3)(B) may receive reasonable 
compensation for extending credit to a plan or IRA to avoid a failed 
purchase or sale of securities involving the plan or IRA if:
    (1) The terms of the extension of credit are at least as favorable 
to the plan or IRA as the terms available in an arm's length 
transaction between unaffiliated parties;
    (2) Prior to the extension of credit, the plan or IRA receives 
written disclosure of (i) the rate of interest (or other fees) that 
will apply and (ii) the method of determining the balance upon which 
interest will be charged, in the event that the fiduciary extends 
credit to avoid a failed purchase or sale of securities, as well as 
prior written disclosure of any changes to these terms. This section 
(c)(2) will be considered satisfied if the plan or IRA receives the 
disclosure described in Securities Exchange Act Rule 10b-16; \42\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \42\ 17 CFR 240.10b-16.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For purposes of this exemption, the terms ``party in interest,'' 
``disqualified person'' and ``fiduciary'' shall include such party in 
interest, disqualified person, or fiduciary, and any affiliates 
thereof, and the term ``affiliate'' shall be defined in the same manner 
as that term is defined in 29 CFR 2510.3-21 and 26 CFR 54.4975-9. Also, 
for the purposes of this exemption, the term ``IRA'' means any account 
or annuity described in Code section 4975(e)(1)(B) through (F).

Prohibited Transaction Exemption 77-4, Class Exemption for Certain 
Transactions Between Investment Companies and Employee Benefit Plans

    The Department amends Prohibited Transaction Exemption 77-4 under 
the authority of ERISA section 408(a) and Code section 4975(c)(2), and 
in accordance with the procedures set forth in 29 CFR part 2570, 
subpart B (76 FR 66637 (October 27, 2011)).
    A new section II(g) is inserted to read as follows:
    Exception. No relief from the restrictions of 406(b) and the taxes 
imposed by section 4975(a) and (b) by reason of sections 4975(c)(1)(E) 
and (F) is available for the receipt of compensation as a result of the 
provision of investment advice within the meaning of ERISA section 
3(21)(A)(ii) or Code 4975(e)(3)(B) and regulations thereunder.

Prohibited Transaction Exemption 80-83, Class Exemption for Certain 
Transactions Involving Purchase of Securities Where Issuer May Use 
Proceeds To Reduce or Retire Indebtedness to Parties in Interest

    The Department amends Prohibited Transaction Exemption 80-83 under 
the authority of ERISA section 408(a) and Code section 4975(c)(2), and 
in accordance with the procedures set forth in 29 CFR part 2570, 
subpart B (76 FR 66637 (October 27, 2011)).
    A new section I.E. is inserted to read as follows:
    Exception. No relief from the restrictions of 406(b) and the taxes 
imposed by Code sections 4975(a) and (b) by reason of Code sections 
4975(c)(1)(E) and (F) is available for the receipt of compensation as a 
result of the provision of investment advice within the meaning of 
ERISA section 3(21)(A)(ii) or Code section 4975(e)(3)(B) and 
regulations thereunder.

Transaction Exemption 83-1, Exemption for Certain Transactions 
Involving Mortgage Pool Investment Trusts

    The Department amends Prohibited Transaction Exemption 83-1 under 
the authority of ERISA section 408(a) and Code section 4975(c)(2), and 
in accordance with the procedures set forth in 29 CFR part 2570, 
subpart B (76 FR 66637 (October 27, 2011)).
    A new section I.E. is inserted to read as follows:
    Exception. No relief from the restrictions of ERISA 406(b) and the 
taxes imposed by Code sections 4975(a) and (b) by reason of Code 
sections 4975(c)(1)(E) and (F) is available for the receipt of 
compensation as a result of the provision of investment advice within 
the meaning of ERISA section 3(21)(A)(ii) or Code section 4975(e)(3)(B) 
and regulations thereunder.

Prohibited Transaction Exemption 86-128, Class Exemption for Securities 
Transactions Involving Employee Benefit Plans and Broker-Dealers

    The Department amends Prohibited Transaction Exemption 86-128 under 
the authority of ERISA section 408(a) and Code section 4975(c)(2), and 
in accordance with the procedures set forth in 29 CFR part 2570, 
subpart B (76 FR 66637 (October 27, 2011)).
    I. New sections II(d) is inserted as follows:
    (d) Exception. No relief from the restrictions of ERISA 406(b) and 
the taxes imposed by Code sections 4975(a) and (b) by reason of Code 
sections 4975(c)(1)(E) and (F) is available for the receipt of 
compensation as a result of the provision of investment advice within 
the meaning of ERISA section 3(21)(A)(ii) or Code section 4975(e)(3)(B) 
and regulations thereunder.
    II. Section III(a) is amended to read as follows:
    ``The person engaging in the covered transaction is not a trustee 
(other than a nondiscretionary trustee) or an administrator of the 
plan, or an employer any of whose employees are covered by the plan. 
Notwithstanding the foregoing, this condition does not apply to a 
trustee (other than a nondiscretionary trustee) that satisfies Section 
III(h) and (i) of this exemption.''
    III. Section IV(b)(1) is deleted, and Sections IV(b)(2) and (3) are 
redesignated as Sections IV(b)(1) and (2).
    IV. Section IV(c) is amended to read as follows:
    (c) Recapture of profits. Sections III(a), III(h), and III(i) of 
this exemption do not apply in any case where the person engaging in a 
covered transaction returns or credits to the plan all profits earned 
by that person in connection with the securities transactions 
associated with the covered transaction.

    Signed at Washington, DC, this 10th day of April, 2024.
Lisa M. Gomez,
Assistant Secretary, Employee Benefits Security Administration, U.S. 
Department of Labor.
[FR Doc. 2024-08068 Filed 4-24-24; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4510-29-P